Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	body_n	foot_n	member_n	6,594	5	8.0095	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A95902	The surgions directorie, for young practitioners, in anatomie, wounds, and cures, &c. shewing, the excellencie of divers secrets belonging to that noble art and mysterie. Very usefull in these times upon any sodaine accidents. And may well serve, as a noble exercise for gentle-women, and others; who desire science in medicine and surgery, for a generall good. Divided into X. parts. (Whose contents follow in the next page.) / Written by T. Vicary, Esquire, chyrurgion to Hen 8. Edw. 6. Q. Mary. Q. Eliz.	Vicary, Thomas, d. 1561.	1651 (1651)	Wing V335; Thomason E1265_1; ESTC R210472	135,832	352

Commandements of God of whom commeth all cunning and grace and that his body be not quaking and his hands stedfast his fingers long and small and not trembling and that his left hand be as ready as his right with all his limmes able to fulfill the good workâ—s of the soule Now as here is a man meete to be made a Chirurgion and though he have all those good qualities before rehearsed yet is he no good Chirurgion but a man very fit and meete for the practice Now then to know what Properties and conditions this man must have before he be a perfect Chirurgion J doe note foure things most specially that every Chirurgion ought for to have The first that he be Learned The second that he be Expert The third that he be Ingenious The fourth that he be well mannered The first J said he ought to be learned and that he know his principles not onely in Chirurgery but also in Physicke that he may the better defend his Chirurgery also hee ought to be seene in naturall Philosophy and in Grammar that he speake congruity in Logicke that teacheth him to prove his proportions with good reason In Rhetoricke that teacheth him to speake seemely and eloquently also in Theoricke that teacheth him to know things naturall and not naturall and things against Nature Also he must know the Anatomie for all Authors write against those Chirurgions that worke in mans body not knowing the Anatomy For they be likened to a blind man that cutteth in a Vine tree for he taketh more or lesse then he ought to doe And here note well the sayings of Galen the Prince of Philosophers in his Estoris That it is as possible for a Chyrurgion not knowing the Anatomy to worke in mans body without error as it is for a blind man to carve an Jmage and make it perfect The second J said he must be expert For Rasus saith He ought to know and to see other men worke and after to have use and exercise The third that he be ingenious and witty for all things belonging to Chirurgery may not be written nor with letters set forth The fourth J said that he must be well mannered and that he have all these good conditions here following First that he be no Spouse-breaker nor no Drunkard For the Philosophers say amongst all other things beware of those persons that follow Drunkennesse for they be accounted for no men because they live a life bestiall wherefore amongst all other sorts of people they ought to bee sequestred from the ministring of Medicine Likewise a Chirurgion must take heed that he deceive no man with his vaine promises for to make of a small matter a great because he would be accounted the more famous And amongst other things they may neither be Flatterers nor Mockers nor privie Back-biters of other men Likewise they must not be Proud nor presumptuous nor detracters of other men Likewise they ought not to be Covetous nor no niggard and namely amongst their friends or men of Worship but let them be honest courteous and free both in word and deed Likewise they shall give no counsell except they be asked and then give their advice by good deliberation and that they be well advised before they speake chiefly in the presence of wise men Likewise they must be as privie and as secret as any Confessor of all things that they shall either heare or see in the house of their Patient They shall not ta ke into their Cure any manner of person except hee will be obedient vnto their precepts for he cannot be called a Patient unlesse he be a sufferer Also that they doe their diligence as well to the poore as to the rich They shall never discomfort their Patient and shall command all that be about him that they doe the same but to his friends speake truth as the case standeth They must also be bold in those things whereof they be certaine and as dreadfull in all perils They may not chide with the Sicke but be alwayes pleasant and merry They must not covet any W oman by way of villany and specially in the house of their Patient They shall not for covetousnesse of money taken in hand those Cures that be uncurable nor never set any certaine day of the sicke mans health for it lyeth not in their power following the distinct conusell of Galen in the Aphorisme of Hypocratâ—s saying Oporter seipsum non solum By this Galen meaneth that to the Cure of every sore there belongeth foure things of which the first and principall belongeth to God the second to the Surgion the third to the Medicine and the fourth to the Patient Of the which foure if any one doe faile the Paâ—ient cannot be healed then they to whom belongeth but the fouâ—th part shall not promise the whole but be first well advised They must alâ—o be gracious and good to the Poore and of the rich take liberally for both And see they never praise themselves for that redoundeth more to their shame and discredit then to their fame and worship For a cunning and skilfull Chirurgion need not vaunt of his doings for his works will ever get credit enough Likewise that they dispiâ—e no other Chirurgion without a great cause for it is meete that one Chirurgion should love another as Christ loveth vs all And in thus doing they shall increase both in vertue and cunning to the honor of God and worldly fame Thus farre for his Parts Of the Anatomie CHAP. II. The Anatomie of the simple Members ANd if it bee asked you how many simple Members there be it is to be answered Eleven and two that be but superfluities of Members and these be they Bones Cartilages Nerves Pannicles Ligaments Cordes Arteirs Veynes Fatnesse Flesh and Skinne and the superfluities bee the Haires and Nailes J shall begin at the Bone because it is the Foundation and the hardest Member of all thâ— Body The Bone is a consimile Member simple and spermaticke and cold and dry of Complexion insensible and inflexible and hath divers formes in Mans body for the diversity of helpings The cause why there be many Bones in mans body is this Sometime it is needfull that one member or one limbe should move without another another cause is that some defend the principall Members as both the Bone of the Brest and of the Head and some to bee the Foundation of divers parts of the Body as the Bones of the ridge and of the Legges and some to fulfill the hollow places as in the Hands and Feet c. The Gristle is a member simple and Spermaticke next in hardnesse to the Bone and is of complexion cold and dry and insensible The Gristle was ordained for sixe causes or profits that J find in it The first is that the continuall moving of the hard Bone might not be done in a juncture but that the Gristle should be a meane betweene the Ligament and him The second is

Theoricke and Practicke Theorick to know and Practicke to worke The ground of the Theoricke is to know the Elements and Humours that proceedeth from them which is for mans health or against it Letchcraft teaches us Causes effects and Signes Signes to know the causes and effects and therefore J treat of signes and many signes doth belong to Physicke and Chyrurgerie as Crisses Urine Pounces Vomits Sege and other c. Chyrurgerie is in Wounds Impostumes and Algebra and Chyrurgerie holdeth foure parts viz. Wounds and Impostumes Algebra and Anatomie And Antidotary is the fift which is a kind of Salves against all kind of Sores that belongeth to Chyrurgerie Algebra is broken Bones and bones out of joynt Antidotary of Chyrurgerie is in Waters Powders Oyles Oyntments and Emplaisters most principall some must bee repercussive some Moleficative some Maturative some generative and some Corosive Anotomie is to know the Body of man throughout and all his Members within and without Two members hath every manner of man viz. Principall and Officiall and foure principall every man hath viz. Braine Heart Liver and Stones the Braine hath the head and necke the Heart hath the Lungs Brest and Midriffe the Liver hath the stomacke and other members downe to the Reynes as Guts Gall and the Kelle veyne and Milt the Milt upon the left side and the gall upon the Liver the Stones hath Reynes Bladder and other Privities and these are the foure principall members Braine Heart Liver and Stones and without Braine Heart and Liver no man can live and without Stones can no man engender three things in the Stones is cause of engendring Heat Wind and humours Heat commeth from the Liver Spirit from the Heart and humours from the Braines that man is made of if any of these foure be faulty that man can not as he should kindly engender These sixe vertues are rooted in the Liver viz. Attractive Digestive Diminusive Expulsive Retentive and a Simulative that is in our English tongue Drawing and breaking out putting holding and liking For first Nature draweth in that which it needeth to live by and then all to breake it and then departeth the good from the bad and holdeth to it the good and then dispierseth the good to all the members of the Body Officiall members bee those that have certaine offices in mans Body where ever they be as the Eye to see the Eare to heare the Hand to touch the Mouth to speake the Feet to goe and many such other c. Also such are called members as branches from the principall to the officiall as the Arme or Legge that rooteth in the principall and brancheth to the officials And so Nerves Artiers Veynes Lygaments Chords Bones Pannicles and Gristles Flesh and Skin to teach them their Office But Nerves Veynes and Artiers bee most needfull for they bee Wells and Rootes of all other Nerves comming from the Braine and Artiers from the Heart and Veynes from the Liver into all the body Nerves giveth to the Body feeling and moving and Artiers leaving and Veynes increasing A Veyne hath but one Tunacle and an Artier hath two in the one runneth Bloud and in the other spirits and all beating Veynes bee Artiers the which J call Pulses and all other be simple Veynes and all such members saving Flesh alone are melancholious and their nature is Sperme but flesh is Sanguine and therefore it may be sodered be it never so much cut but the other said members because their matter is Sperme may never be sodered if they be much cue Now will J speake of Wounds which is the second part of Chyrurgerie ONe of these intentions hath every Surgion The first is to containe that that iâ— evill loosed the second is to loose that that is evill contained the third is to take away that that is too much the fourth is to increase that that is too little In these foure entents standeth all Chirurgery The first is in Wounds the second is Impostumes the third and fourth Algâ—brâ— holdeth Wounds be in many manners Simple and Compound Simple in the flesh alone and compound in seven manners There be seven things that letteth a wound not lightly to heale viz. Empostumes discrased hollownesse or bitten by a venemous Beast and these letteth a Chirurgion suddenly to heale a wound and if a Sinew bee cut or pricked or wounded to the Bone or if the wound bee hollow or else discrased with a Fever or bruised or made by venemous Beasts then mayest thou not as thou wouldest close up a wound And if a wound lacke all these seven things then it is simple Thus Medicine is Letchcraft that is both Physicke and Chirurgery and every one of them hath first his Theoricke perfectly to know and afterwards his Practique cunningly to worke the grounds of both which Qualities are Elements and Humours and â—â—â—nes most needfull both of Urine and Pulses Thus much for the Theoricke Divers things very necessary for every Practitioner in Surgerie to have in a readinesse And first for Instruments viz. NOvacula Spâ—â—illâ—â— Sâ—alpâ—llâ—â— Latâ—â— Spâ—â—illâ—â— Forâ—icis Styluâ— Volsellâ— Acuâ— Caâ—â—liâ—ula Forata Fasâ—iâ— Habâ—â—â— ad membra laquâ—â— intepcipiâ—â—dâ— Panniâ—uli linei ad vâ—lâ—â—ra abligaâ—â—â— Lintâ—a concâ—rpta Aâ—risâ—alpiuâ—â— Forcipâ—s ad dâ—â—tes â—vâ—llâ—ndâ—s Ferraâ—entuâ— quâ—â—râ—â—i dâ—ntes â—radâ—â—tur â—nâ—inus or as Câ—lsuâ— calleth it Hamulâ—â—â—â—â—â—sum 2. For sodaine Accidents HE must have in readinesse Powders Unguents and Emplasters They serve to stop Bleeding to conglutinate Wounds to clense foule and rotten Ulcers to mollifie hardnesse to produce a Cicatrix and Skinne to remove away all excrescent and corrupt Flesh to cease paine to strengthen Fractures and Luxations 3. For Powders THey are of three sorts The first is to stay Bleeding as that which is framed of Bolus Armoniae of Rosis of Mastickes and Pollin The second is for Fractures of the Scull and hurts of other Bones and is called Pulvis Cephalicus and is framed of Radicibus irâ—os of Aristâ—lâ—â—â—iae of Myrrhe Aloes and such like The third is to remove away excrescent and corrupt Flesh as Alumen ustuâ— of Pul praeâ—ipit Merâ—urii and such like 4. For Vnguents HE must have Vnguentum Basilicon which doth humect digest and cease paine Vnguentum album Rhasis which doth Refrigerate coole and dry Vnguentum Aureum called of some Regis which doth Incarnate and conglutinate Wounds together Vnguentum Dialthea simplex which doth Calefie soften humect and also cease paine Vnguentum Apostolorum which doth deterge mollifie dry and remove away corrupt and superfluous Flesh And of like faculty almost is Mundificativum ex apiâ— and Aegyptiacum 5. For Emplasters DIachilon compositum which doth ripen Apostumes and doth mollifie and resolve hardnesse and doth digest and also absterge Diacalciteos commonly called Diapalma which doth conglutinate Ulcers produceth Cicatrix and skinne and according to the opinion of Galen is very fit for the curing of Phlegme Emplastrum de Betonica which is also called De Janua it doth unite

For the Stone in the Reynes or Bladder Folio 298 An Injection for the Stone Folio ibid For any evill in the Bladder Folio ibid A Powder to breake the Stone Folio 299 To â—ase the paine of the Stone Folio ibid Against the new Ague by Doctor Langdon Folio 301 For an ague By Doctor Turner Folio ibid A very good Drinke for an ague if one shake Folio ibid For a cold ague Folio 301 A Plaister to take away the Ague c. Folio 303 To kill the Palsie Folio ibid A remedy for the Dropsie Folio ibid Against stopping of the Pipes Folio ibid Against Hoarsenesse Folio â—04 For the yellow Iaundise Folio ibid For Wormes in the Bellie Folio ibid A proved Remedy for a Womans Throvves c. Folio 305 A Powder for the Strangury Folio ibid For the Collicke and Stone Folio ibid For a Megrim in the Head Folio iâ—â—d For the Tooth-ache Folio â—06 For a sore Brest Folio ibid For a fore eye that burneth and is watrie Folio ibid For to stoppe the Bloody Fluxe Folio ibid A Remedy for a Fellon Folio 307 A Medicine well proved for the Megrim Folio ibid For to heale a sore Eye hurt with small Pocks Folio ibid For a sore Eye with a Pinne or a Web Folio 308 For a sore Eye that Itcheth and pricketh Folio ibid For a Sciatica or Ache in the Bones Folio ibid For Sore Eyes Folio ibid To stoppe a great Laske Folio 309 To cause one to make Water Folio ibid For the Wind Collicke Folio ibid For to make a Water for the same Folio 310 For to bind one from the Laske Folio ibid For to skin a sore Finger Folio ibid For a vehement Cough in young Children c. Folio ibid For a broken Head Folio ibid For Chilblaines in the Feete or Hands Folio 311 To kill the Tooth-ache c. Folio ibid For a Stitch Folio ibid For an ache or a Bruise Folio ibd To make white Teeth Folio 312 For a swelling in the Cheeke Folio ibid To make a Perfume suddenly in a Chamber where a sicke man lyeth Folio ibid To make a cleere voyce Folio 313 For the Mother Folio ibid For the Stitch or Bruise Folio ibid For the bloody Fluxe Folio 314 Remedies for the Iâ—câ— Folio ibid To kill Lice or Itch Folio 315 To cure the Crampe Folio ibid For a paine or swelling in the Privie parts Folio ibid Remedies for Burning or Scalding Folio ibid Remedies for the Piles Folio 316 To cure the Cappes Folio 316 To kill a Tetter or Ring-worme Folio 317 Remedies for the Shingles Folio ibid Fgr gripingâ— in the Belly Folio 318 A Plaâ—ster for the same Folio ibid For a Scurfe in the body Folio ibid For a wilde running Scab Folio ibid For a Timpany Folio 319 For one in a Consumption Folio ibid For one thaâ— is broken bellied Folio 320 For the shrinking of the Sinewes Folio 321 For the staying of the fluxe Folio ibid A Medicine for a sore Throat Folio ibid For weaknesse in the Backe Folio ibid For the Carbunckle or Impostume c. Folio 322 To take wâ—y Pock-holes or any spot c. Folio ibid For faintnesse in the Stomacke or the Morphew Folio ibid To Care the French Pox c. Folio 323 Preservatives against the Plague c. Folio 327 THE SVRGIONS DIRECTORY OR An Exercise for Gentlewomen PART I. Containing the Anatomie of mans Body compiled by T. V. Esquire for the use and benefit of all unlearned Practitioners in the Art and Mystery of Chyrurgerie CHAP. I. 1. To knâ—w what Chyrurgerie is 2. How aâ— hyrurgion should beâ— chosen 3. With what Properties hee should be indued FOr the first which is to know what Chyrurgerie is Herein J doe note the saying of Lanfranke whereas hee saith All things that man would know may be knowne by one of these three things That is to say by his Name or by his Working or else by his very being and shewing of his owne Properties So then it followeth that in the same manner we may know what Chyrurgery is by three things First by his Name as thus the Interpreters write that Chirurgerie is derived out of these words Apo tes chiros cai tou ergou That is to be understood A hand-working and so it may be taken for all handy Arts But Noble Hypocrates saith that Chirurgerie is hand-working in Mans body for the very end and profit of Chirurgerie is hand-working Now the second manner of knowing what thing Chyrurgerie it it is the saying of Avicen To be knowne by his Being for it is verily a Medicinall Science And as Galen saith He that will know the certainty of a thing let him not busie himselfe to know onely the name of that thing but also the working and the effect of the same thing Now the third way to know what thing Chirurgerie is it is also to be knowne by his being or declaring of his own Properties the which teacheth us to worke in mans Body with hands as thus In cutting and opening those parts that be whole and in healing those parts that be broken or cut and in taking away that that is superfluous as Warts Wennes Skurfulas and other of like effect But further to declare what Galen saith Chirurgery is it is the last Instrument of Medicine that is to say Dyet Potion and Chirurgery of the which three saith he Dyet is the noblest and the most vertuous and thus he saith Whereas a man may be cured with Diet onely let there be given no manner of Medicine The second Instrument is Potion for and if a man may be cured with Diet and Potion let there not be ministred any Chirurgery through whose vertue and goodnesse is removed and put away many grievous Infirmities and Diseases which might not have beene removed nor yet put away neither with Diet nor with Potion And by these three meanes it is knowne what thing Chirurgery is And this sufficeth us for that point Now it is knowne what thing Chirurgerie is there must also be chosen a Man apt and meete to minister Chirurgery or to be a Chirurgion And in this point all Authors doe agree that a Chirurgion should be chosen by his Complexion and that his complexion bee very temperate and all his members well proportioned For Rasis saith Whose face is not seemely it is vnpossible for him to have good manners And Aristotle the great Philospher writeth in his Epistles to the Noble King Alexander as in those Epistles more plainly doth appeare how he should choose all such persons as should serve him by the forme and shape of the face and all other members of the body And furthermore they say hee that is of an evill Complexion there must needs follow like Conditions Wherefore it agreeth that he that will take upon him to practice as a Chyrurgion must be both of a good and temperate Complexionâ— as is afore rehearsed and principally that he be a good liver and a keeper of the holy

shield of the stomacke unto Os Pecten two Latitudinals comming from the back-wards to the Wombe and foure Transverse of the which two of them spring from the Ribbes on the right side and goe to the left side to the Bones of the Hanches or of Pecten and the other two spring from the Ribs on the left and come over the wombe to the right parts as the other before doth Heere is to be noted that by the vertue of the subtill will that is in the Musculus Longitudinall is made perfect the vertue attractiue and by the Musculus Transverse is made the vertue retentive and by the Musculus Latitudinall is made the vertue expulsive It is thus to be understood that by the vertue attractive is drawne downe into the Intrailes all superfluities both water winde and dyet By the vertue retentive all things are with-holden and kept untill Nature have wrought his kind And by the vertue expulsive is put forth all things when Nature provoketh any thing to be done Galen saith that Wounds or Incisions be more perilous in the midst of the wombe then about the sides for there the parts be more tractable then any other parts bee Also he saith that in wounds piercing the wombe there shall not bee made good incarnation except Sifac be sewed with Mirac Now to come to the parts contained within First that which appeareth next under the Sifac is Omentum or Zirbus the which is a Pannicle covering the stomacke and the Intrailes implanted with many Veynes and Arteirs and not a little fatnesse ordained to keepe moyst the inward parts This Zirbus is an osficiall member and is compound of a Veyne and an Arteir the which entreth and maketh a line of the outer Tunicle of the stomacke unto which Tunicle hangeth the Zirbus and covereth all the Guts downe to the share Two causes J find why they were ordained One is that they should defend the Nutratives outwardly The second is that through his owne power and vertue he should strengthen and comfort the digestion of all the Nutrates because they are more feebler then other members bee because they have but a thinne wombe or Skin c. Next Zirbus appeareth the Intrails or guts of which Galen saith that the Guts were ordained in the first Creation to convey the drosse of the meate and drinke and to clense the body of superfluities And here it is to be noted that there be fixe portions of one whole Gutte which both in man and Beast beginneth at the nether mouth of the stomacke and so containeth forth to the end of the Fundament Neverthelesse hee hath divers shapes and formes and divers operations in the Body and therefore he hath divers names And hereupon the Philosophers say that the lower wombe of a man is like unto the wombe of a Swine And like as the stomacke hath two Tunicles in like manner have all the Guts two Tunicles The first portion of the Guts is called Duodenum for he is 12. Inches of length and covereth the nether part of the Stomacke and receiveth all the drosse of the stomacke The second portion of the Guts is called Iejunium for he is evermore empty for to him lyeth evermore the Chest of the Gall beating him sore and draweth forth of him all the drosse and clenseth him cleane the third portion or Gut is called Yleon or small Gut and is in length fifteene or sixteene Cubits In this Gut oftentimes falleth a disease called Yleaea Passio The fourth Gut is called Monoculus or blind Gut and it seemeth to have but one hole or mouth but it hath two one neere unto the other for by the one all things goe in and by the other they goe out againe The fift is called Colon and receiveth all the drosse deprived from all profitablenesse and therefore there commeth not to him any Veynes Miseraices as to the other The sixt and last is called Rectum or Longaon and he is ended in the Fundament and hath in his nether end foure Muscles to hold to open to shut and to put out c. Next is to be noted of senterium the which is nothing else but a texture of innumerable Veynes Miseraices ramefied of one Veyne called Porta Epates covered and defended of Pannicles nnd Lygaments comming to the Intrails with the back full of fatnesse and Glandulus flesh c. The Stomacke is a member compound and Spermaticke sinnowy and sensible and therein is made perfect the first digestion of Chile This is a necessary member to all the Body for if it faile in his working all the members of the Body shall corrupt Wherefore Galen sayth that the Stomacke was ordained principally for two causes The first that it should be to all the members of the Body as the earth is to all that are ingendred of the earth that is that it should desire sufficient meate for all the whole Body The second is that the stomacke should bee a sacke or Chest to all the Body for the meate and as a Cooke to all the members of the Body The stomacke is made of two Pannicles of which the inner is Nerveous and the outer Carneous This inner Pannicle hath Musculus Longitudinals that stretcheth along from the stomacke to the mouth by the which he draweth to him meate and drinke as it were hands And hee hath Transverse will for to with-hold or make retention And also the outer Pannicle hath Latitudinall will to expulse and put out and that by his heate he should keepe the digestive vertue of the stomacke and by other heates given by his Neighbours as thus It hath the Liver on the right side chasing and beating him with his lobes or figures and the Splene on the left side with his fatnesse and Veynes sending to him Melancholy to exercise his appetites and about him is the heart quickning him with his Artiers Also the Braine sending to him a Branch of Nerves to give him feeling And he hath on the hinder part descending from the parts of the backe many Lygaments with the Artiers joyned to the Spondels of the Backe The forme or figure of this Stomack is long in likenesse of a Goord crooked and that both holes bee in the upper part of the body of it because there should be no going out of it unadvisedly of those things which are received into it The quantity of the stomack commonly holdeth two Pitchers of water and it may suffer many passions and the nether mouth of the stomacke is narrower then the upper and that for three causes The first cause is that the upper receiveth meate great and boysterous in substance that there being made subtill it might passe into the nether The second is for by him passeth all the meates with their chilosity from the stomacke to the Liver The third is for that through him passeth all the drosse of the stomack to the guts And this sufficeth for the Stomacke c. The Liver is a principal member and official and

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