Splete comming west out of the Sea leave the coast of Flanders and when you gesse your self to be past Ostende then cast out your lead untill you finde shallower water and harder ground then you are against the Trip when you have found this shallowe be it at 6 7 or 8 fathome water as you are easterly or westerly for the easterlyer the dryer and the westerlyer the deeper as aforesaid then you must not passe over it so towards the land for you should fall into the mouth of the Wielinges but you must there put about a saker shotte or more northward into the Sea until you have it somewhat deeper and soft ground againe for northward from the Trip it is also soft ground like the Wielinges then runne in east-north-east and now then make southward towards the Trip till you have shallowe and hard ground which is the north-side of the Trip hold so all along by the Trip untill that Brugge be over against Liswegen or that Blanckenbergh be on your side then you are against the west point of the Raen in the Splete If so be you can see it then hold Middleburgh standing over a high downe which lyeth betweene Isehooke and Souteland frō which on the east side there lyeth no more downes then goe in east-north-east and then you shall not sayle by any banck or Raen untill the castle of Sluys come within the high downes which lye eastward from Casand when you have these markes goe freely forward to Flushing without any doubt you shall sayle neither by Raesses nor French Pol. But if it chance to be darke or glome wether then you must goe along by the north ende of the Trip east-north-east still sounding with your lead untill you finde the drougth or hard ground of the banck and running so east-north-east along by it then you shall goe in betweene the Raen and the banck The west point of the Raen is verie flatte so that you may easily sound it and in the chanell betweene the banck and the Raen it is soft ground and on either side both on the Raen and on the banck upon the shallowe it is hard ground When in this sort you runne in east-north-east to the dryest part of the banck and that you putte from the banck then it beginneth to be deeper so that you may passe over the banck at 18 foot water half flood but I counsell you not to goe over it least you runne upon the French Pol but keep along by the hard ground of the banck direct your course somewhat easterlyer to shunne the Raesses which reach into the Sea from the Souteland for you can not sound them with your lead then when you are somewhat more inward goe east to Flushing and then you shall sayle by no drougths IF you will sayle out of the Splete How you may sayle out of the Splete then goe from Flushing vvest and by north so long till S. Anne come vvithout the east dovvne of Casand then may you runne forth into vvhat chanel you vvil but if you vvill runne out of the Splete then bring Westchappel out of the dovvnes and Middleburgh against the high dovvne which lyeth betvveene the Isehooke and Souteland If you be next Flanders side then S. Anne commeth first out of the downes but if you be next Walcherens side then Westchappel cōmeth forth first When Middleburgh is against the foresaid downe then goe west-south-west keepe Middleburgh so situate so long as you can see it When Brugghe commeth against Lisweghen then you are past all shallowes you may set your course whither you will or if it fall out that you loose the sight of Middleburgh then runne along out by the course of Raen which you may wholly sound with the lead but the Pol inward is altogether steepe X. How to sayle into the Wielinges VVhen you come out of the Sea towards Flanders and will sayle into the Wielinges then seeke out Liswegen that is a thick flat steeple standing in the downes when Bruggeling standeth a Cable length from Liswegen westward then are you from daunger of all Sands Pols and Rasses keepe Bruggeling so standing and so sayle towards Flanders upon five fathome there you finde soft ground Then goe east-north-east or east and by north as the winde streame serveth keepe the coast of Flanders at five fathome till Blanckenbergh commeth into the gappe of the Gallowes field that is a great gappe in the downes keepe Blanckenbergh so standing till you see Heys in another great gap in the downes almost half a masts length east from the Ungeboedt then is Westchappel in Flanders full against Knock then sayle forward northeast by east northeast as the winde or streame is that you may runne beyonde the French Pol. Whē S. Anne cōmeth upon that high down of Casand which is most easterly then are you beyond the French Pol al shallowes then sayle forward to Isehook toward Walcherē forward by the dyke along by the Hoofden so to Flushing If you will sayle into the Wielinges when you come out of the west with a south winde then as it is aforesaid in the description of the Splete you must seeke Flushing coast with your lead When you are past Ostende then you shall finde drie and hard ground which is the ground of the Trip which you must sayle over and when you are about the length of a musket shot over it then you shal presently have half a fathome deeper water soft ground then you are in the chanel of the Wielinges in a good waie but if then you goe somewhat more to landwards or southeastward then you will loose the soft ground and finde hard drie ground againe by reason of a Sand which lyeth frō Blanckenburgh about an English myle from the strand along the coast so farre as to Wenduynen where at a lowe water you have 15 foot water at the dryest you may sayle under this sand when you goe over the Trip a litle eastward from Ostende and so goe somewhat to farre over to the strand To shūne the Banck of Blanckenbergh but to shunne it you have no better meanes but when you are past the hardnes and drynes of the Trip and finde soft ground with a litle deeper water that then you put no more towards the land but goe in right northeast and sometymes northerly according to the hardnes of the Trip or banck and then hold off againe till you finde soft ground againe whereby you shall be assured that you runne along by the south ende of the Trip or banck in the chanell of the Wielinges this doe so long untill Heys be about a masts length westward from the beakon then you must sound no more northward with your lead for the banck there is verie steepe for that close by the banck it is eight fathome deepe at the least When Heyes is right against the beakon then you are right against
the flood falleth crosse into the land about the Havens a s w by s moone maketh a high water in the Strait when it is faire wether commonly it is there four houres flood and eight houres ebbe but the streame goeth most part with the winde by this everie man may gesse how it is VII How these Countreys are distant one from the other FRom Cape S. Vincent to Lagos or Laves the course is east and by north 7 leagues From Lagos to Villa Nova east 4 leagues From Villa Nova to Cape Maria or Faro e. by s 9 leagues From C. Maria or Faro to Tavila n.e. by e. 5 leagues From Tavila to Aimonte e.n.e. 5 leagues From Aimonte to Lepe e. by n. 7 leagues From Lepe to Saltes or Palos e. and e. by s 7 leagues From Saltes to the River of S. Lucas or Sibiona southeast and southeast by east 8 leagues From S. Lucas or the point of Sibiona to the point of Calis southeast 9 leagues From Calis to the point of the Strait s s.e 11 leagues From the point of the Strait called Trafalgar or Tarifa to Gibraltar e. by s 7 leagues From Cape S. Vincent to Cape Maria east 18 leagues From C.S. Vincent to Calis e. by s 48 or 50 leagues From Cape S. Maria to Saltes e.n.e. 24 leagues From Cape S. Maria to Sibiona east 29 leagues From C.S. Maria to the Strait e. s.e and s e by e. 46 leagues From Lepe to Sibiona e. s.e 16 leagues From Saltes to Calis s e and s e by s 16 leagues VIII How these Countries lye distant from other Countreys FRom Cape S. Vincent to Cape Cantin south 87 leagues From Cap S. Vincent to Cape de Geer south somewhat westerlyer 134 leagues From C.S. Vincent to the Iland of Lanzarotte s s.w 165 leag From C.S. Vincent to Great Canaria s w by s 211 leagues From C.S. Vincent to Isle de Palma s w 224 leagues From C. S. Vincent to Porto Santo s w by w. 137 leagues and to Madera s w by w. 157 leagues From C.S. Vincent to Isle S. Maria west 262 leagues From C.S. Maria or Faro to Cape Cantin s by w. 91 leagues From Cap S. Maria to Great Canaria southwest and southwest by south 220 leagues From C.S. Maria to the I le of Madera s w by w. 93 leagues From Calis to Great Canaria southwest 240 leagues From Calis to the I le of Madera w. s.w 200 leagues From Cape Trafalgar to Cape de Spartel s e 9 leagues IX Vnder what degrees these Places lye CApe S. Vincent S. Maria lye under 37 degrees The Coast of Condado lyeth under 38 deg 15 20 min. The Iland of Calis lyeth under 36 degrees 30 minutes The middle of the Strait of Gibraltar lyeth under 35 degrees 50 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 12 and 13. CHAPTER XII A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of Barbarie betweene Cape de Spartel or the Strait of Gibraltar and Cape de Geer I. From the Strait of Gibraltar to Cape de Cantin CApe de Spartel or Spichel which is the south-point of the Strait of Gibraltar lyeth distant from the north-point called Cape de Trafalgar south and by east C. Trafalgar and north and by west 9 leagues From Cape Spartel south 7 leagues lyeth Arsyla Arsila Before Arsila there lyeth a rowe of rockes where you may sayle through at two places you may goe at the north-chanel with great shippes but at the south-chanel with small barkes you must then anckor betweene the towne and the rockes From Arsila to Larage Larage or Alarache the course is south and by west 8 leagues there runneth in a River to Larage but it is verie crooked and drie you can not goe into it with anie great shippe but onely with barkes Frigates you anckor there before the Rode at 16 17 and 18 fathome This coast reacheth all south by west and southsouthwest it is from Larage to Mamora 20 leagues Mamora Mamora lyeth upon a River which is two fathome deepe in the entrie thereof but in the rode it is 20 fathome deepe a southwest moone maketh a full Sea along this coast South from Mamora lyeth Salee from Salee Salee to Anafe or Algasse Anafe or Algasse it is southwest and by south that is a great decayed towne you may yet see five or sixe towres standing up when you come to the land it lyeth 19 leagues east from Masagam From Anafe to Azamor it is s w by w. 14 or 16 leagues there you may anckor at 14 or 15 fathome there you lye safe against a southwest winde Two leagues more about west lyeth Masagam he that will sayle to Masagam Masagam must knowe that there are Pilots to bring in a shippe for it is a great creeke but it is not too faire so that manie shippes could not lye there upon faire ground On the west-point of the Baye there lye some rockes which are not seen at high water but at lowe water they lye bare when you lye in the right Rode then the west-point lyeth northwest from you and the other point east West from Masagam there standeth a towre upon a point From Masagam to Cape de Cantin it is westsouthwest 13 or 15 leagues when you come to Cape de Cantin C. Cantin you must shuÌ„ne the land somewhat for there shooteth off from it a hard rock somewhat into the Sea Thus the land sheweth betweene Masagam and Cape Cantin being verie even and lowe land all along to Saffia you see nothing on it but a small towre by a valley which is called Casa Cavalgero Thus Casa Cavalgero sheweth when it is south from you seven leagues Eijgentlijke vertooninge der westcusteÌ„ van Barbarien tusschen de Strate van Gibraltar ende de C. de Cantin zampt aller Reeden Havenen ende Rivieren aldaer gelegen en hoemen die bequa melijck sal beseijlen Vraije pourtraicture des costes occidentales de Barbarie entre lestâ—â—ict de Gibraltar et le C. de Cantin ensemble de toutes Rades Haures Ports et Rivieres situez ausdic tes costes et commet commodieusement on les navigera Afbeeldinge nae't leven der Zeecusten van Barbarien van de C. Cantin zuijdwaert tot verbij de C. de Geer mitsgaders de gelegent heijt van't eijlant Mogodor alles op zijne rechte streckingeÌ„ en hoochte gesteli Delincation au vif des costes maritimes de Barbarie entre le C. de Cantin et le C. de Geer ensemble la situation de l'isle de Mogodor le tout commodieusement accoÌ„modé selon ses vraijes distances routes et haulteurs du pole When the north-point of Saffia is southeast five leagues from you then it sheweth thus When you are about seven leagues southwest and by west from Cape Cantin then it openeth thus then the point of
Countries and at what depths you may see the land THe Iland of the Vlie the Schellingh and Texel you may see at 15 or 16 fathome Against the Schellingh you have white Sand close by Peters sand it is 12 or 13 fathome deepe You must take heede of the grounds of the Vlie as of Bornriffe for they are verie shoring You may see Ameland at 12 fathome and it is verie farre flat at 12 and 13 fathome so that at 15 fathome you can not see it You may see Schiermonickoogh at 12 and 13 fathome and then it is about four great leagues from you You may see Rottum and Borcum at 14 and 15 fathome Against Borcum the ground is great redde sand with some black amongst it Iuyst may be seene at 13 and 14 fathome and three leagues from the land it is 12 fathome deepe Buys and Norderny you may see from the poope at 12 and 13 fathome Baltrum Langheroogh and Wrangheroogh you may see at 14 and 15 fathome About Holie land it is 7 8 and 9 fathome deepe that is on the inner side but without on the west side it is 15 16 18 and 19 fathome and at such depths you may see the Holie land What notable markes stand upon these Ilands whereby you may knowe them it is perfectly and at large declared in the description of them XX. How these lands are distant from each other FRom the Vlie to the northnortheast ende of the Broad fourteene the course is westnorthwest 8 leagues Petersand and Borneriffe lye distant about northeast and by east and southwest by west 4 leagues From Borneriffe to West-Eems e. n. e. about 13 leagues or as some will 15 leagues From Borneriffe to Wrangheroogh about 29 leagues From Borckummer riffe to Wrangheroogh e. n. e. 16 leagues From East Eems or Iuystriffe to Schortonne n. e. 20 leagues From Wrangeroogh to the Newe worke e. n. e. 8 leagues Holie land and Borneriffe lye distant n. e. by e. and s w. by w. as men commonly say 32 leagues or as some say 34. leagues Holie land Borkummer riffe lye from each other n. e. s w. Holie land and Langheroogh lye distant northnortheast and southsouthwest Holie land the uttermost tonne in the Weser lye distant from each other south and somewhat westerly and north and somewhat easterly But the tonne at the Head in the Weser and Holie land lie distant south and north 8 leagues Holie land and the Schor tonne or the Newe worke lye distant s e. by e. and n. w. by w. 8 leagues XXI How these Lands are distant from other Countreys FRom the Vlie to the I le of Silt in the Coast of Iutland northeast 47 fathome From the Vlie to Rincoper or Numer deepe northnortheast and somewhat easterlyer 59 leagues From the Vlie to Bovenberghen northnortheast and somewhat northerlyer about 69 leagues From the Vlie to the Sand at sixteene fathome north and by east 61 or 63 leagues From the Vlie to the Neus north by east 85 leagues From the Vlie to Schuytenes north and by west and somewhat northerlyer 107 leagues From the Vlie to Fairehill n. w. by n. 144 leagues From the Vlie to Hitland northwest and by north and somewhat northerly 152 leagues From the Vlie to Tinmouth or Newcastle w. n. w. 91 leagues From Borneriffe to the Neus north or as some saye somewhat easterlyer 83 leagues From the Eems to Bovenberghen north by east 60 leagues From the Eems to Flamborough Head west somewhat northerly 85 leagues From Holie land to Bovenberghen n. and by w. 50 leagues From Holie land to Hanglip in Hitland n. w. 147 leagues From Holie land to Boeckenes n. w. and by w. 123 leagues From Holie land to Lieth in Schotland west and by north and somewhat northerlyer 120 leagues From Holie land to Tinmouth or Newcastle west and somewhat northerly 107 leagues From Holie land to Scarborowe or Flamborough Head west and somewhat southerly 94 leagues From Holie land to the Holme before Iarmouth westsouthwest and somewhat westerlyer 72 leagues How Holie land lyeth distant from the Iuttish Ilands and from all the havens or chanels lying on Iutland you shall finde in the Chapter ensewing Heere followeth the Carde N. 21. Pascaarte vande westcuste van Juthlant ende Holsterlant vertoenende de gelegentheijt van de Reviren de Elve de Eijder enÌ„ de Hever Voort alle de futsche Eijlanden ende alle Zeegaten tusschen de Elve ende den Reefhorn geleghen met alle Sanden Reven ende Banck daer outrent alles gestelt eF zijne rechte streckinghen ende coursen Carte Marine de la coste occidentale de Futhlande et Holsterlande remostrant la situation des vivieres de l'Elbe Eijder et Hever en outre toutes les Mes de Juthie et embonchures de mer situeez entre l'Elbe et le Reefhorn Semblablement tous bancs de sable lieux areneux et dangereux entour lesdictes places le tout exactement pose selon ses vraÿes routes et distances A Westersijd B de Reefhorn C Dode bergh D Doel-santÌ„ E Schelling kroegh F Langhe legh G Wisdijc sant H Panu knut I Grauwe dieâ— K Harlsam L Reuck en Rust M Ameren bor N Nubal cylant O de Quade P Utto Q de Koebargh R Nieuwe gronden r Hecke sant S Blau oort ss de steert vaÌ„de hont T Vogel sant V Schorre horn U Nieuwe gronden W Ooster ende W. tijl X Myd plaets Y Ton opt hoost Z t'Rroode sant Z Steen balgh CHAPTER II. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Iutland and the Iutish Ilands lying betweene the Elve and Rifhorne I. To sayle into the South and North Pip. IN the Chapter before it is shewed how you shall sayle into and out of the Elve About seven leagues north from the Elve lyeth the Eyder but there right south lyes the North Pip and a league south from the North Pip lyeth the South Pip The South Pip. which lyeth right east from the Holie land and goeth in e. s e. at 5 or 6 fathome through the North grounds and at the north ende of Hodemer sand commeth into the flat streame whereon there standeth a beacon which you must leave upon the starreborde when you will sayle up into this haven The North Pip North Pip. as I said lyeth a league northerlyer then the South Pip and is seperated from the Eyder by a Sand which is called Blaweoort Blawoort or the point of the Hound which runneth off from the beacon upon the Hound and so farre inâ—o the Sea almost half waie to Holie land There right south the North Pip goeth in and reacheth in most part east and east by south to the beacon at the Hound Erom the beacon at the Hound to Hudemer sand it reacheth forward most s e. and s e. by e. you may sound it froÌ„ without cleane within along by the south side at 3 and 4 fathome as farre as within the beacon
you keepe alwaies in one height CHAP. XXI What is necessarie for a Seafaring man or Pilot further to know together with an instruction to all young Seafaring men that desire to be good Pilots THese aforesaid rules although that they are so necessarie needefull for a Pilote to know that without the knowledge of them he can be no good Pilot to goe anie long voyage yet are they not sufficient to make a good Pilot that is al are not good Pilots that understand them well For first a good Pilot must besides them be expert at Sea as the principall thing which no man can learne by any speculation but by his own experience and dealing in tyme he shall obteine it wherby he shall know perfectly to dispose al things that occurre in the art of Navigation It is most necessarie and convenient for him to knowe the Landes and how they lye to Sea-ward how fâ—rre and upon what strokes of the compasse the Pointes Havens and Rivers are distant one from the other and specially he must be perfect in reckoning his Tydes that he may knowe everie where what Moone maketh an high water in that place that when he would enter into any Haven or place where he can not get in at a lowe water then he may stay till it be half flood or till it be high water as tyme serveth that he may sayle in and save both ship and goods It is also verie necessarie for him to knowe how the Ebbes and Floods fall out whether it be along by or against the Land thereby to know when the winde is strong whether he may lye in the streame or goe against the streame thereby to know whether it will be any hinderance or furtherance unto him whereon manie tymes there consisteth much And also when a man is in the winde whether it be in the North-sea under England Holland Flanders or in the Chanel of the sea under England that he should knowe how to set his tydes and course that he might stoppe his tides All these things old experienced Pilots ought willingly to shewe and learne young men that are desirous and zealous to learne the art of Seafaring and not to hide any such thing from them as some men doe without reason who goe out of the waie with their Instruments as Crosse-staves Astrolabium and Compasses and will not suffer the common saylers to see their work This by some is done upon pride and unwillingnes because they would keepe the art knowledge onely to themselves and by some because they understand not their proceedings wel therfore are in feare to be shamed but let not young Seafaring men and such as are desirous to knowe the art cunning of Seafaring for that cause leave off their studie therein to that end when you sayle out of any river or haven you must reckon everie course along the reach from tonne to tonne or froÌ„ beacon to beacon which you must keepe well and perfectly and write it in a booke and some times drawe the situation in manner of a Carde and when you begin to leave the Land then you must take good heede of the Capes Points Towres and other markes and how the mouth of the Haven reacheth into the Sea what deapth is at the enterance of the Haven and how deepe it is both within and without cast out your lead often tymes and let it not rest when you are in the Haven nor in the Streame whereby in sayling out and into the river you shall knowe what countries are flattes or shoring that you may beware of them when you are a comming without the Land then you must earnestly marke what hilles or downes lie there aboutes what churches towers castels or other markes stand upon them and those you must note and counterfeit with a peÌ„ne upon severall strokes of the compasse as they change their forme of standing by sayling along by them oftentymes using the lead all which being perfectly noted it will be a great help unto you to know the said Landes when you come thither again Likewise when you passe by any strange Countrie and sayle along so near by it that you may plainly see it then take the couÌ„terfeit or forme thereof with a penne to knowe in what manner they shewe themselves upoÌ„ such strokes of the compasse there let the lead fall to see what depth and ground is there which for your memorie you must also note for that which you marke in that manner will staye longer by you then that which you have but simplie seen and heard of of an other But when you come against any Pointes or Havens where you meane to lade or unlade there you must take good heede unto your course marke how you sayle by that Land or Haven and when you see any markes or towres you must note them with a penne and bring the markes and pointes both well together thereby to goe right into the river to guide you by the lead til you be in when you are within and at an anker then visite all the pointes of the Haven and note them downe with a penne cardewise how they reach outward and inward that when you come thither againe you might enter into the same place againe and knowe the situation thereof but when you are in the open Sea and the winde against you so that you lye by the winde both on the one side and the other then you must marke how long you must lye on the one bought or on the other and when you must turne Besides this you must specially note how much the ship goeth forward and what you may sayle in one meale how the ship lyeth to the which ende you shall some times let the lead or the lead line with a peece of wood hang out behinde to see how much the ship windeth and how much the waves casteth it out of the right course that it should hold This you must doe upon your compasse everie evening and morning and note it in your memoriall that you may cast it over and peruse it againe in the Cardes whether in noting or marking it you should have chanced to have mistaken your self You must likewise take heed to your steering to see how much you must winde on either side in your Carde And further when you finde a good sure height by your Crosse-staffe or Astrolabium that will give you a good securitie of your right gessing so that your compassing agreeth also with it and then you shall certainely see in your Carde how all pointes and Countries lye from you but if your gessing and your height agree not together then you must warily correct your gessing according to your height and see as near as you can whether you faile either to litle or to much in your gessing and all this must be done with good skill and understanding in your Carde and when you come to the place where you wil seeke
side you may sayle by this tonne on the east side and if you have a ship that draweth much water then you must goe close west by the tonne that you may not sayle by the point of Breesand which commeth from the west banck These are the Markes of the deepest water upon the dryest part of the flatt when the Newland which is a sharp steeple standing by Bolsweert commeth betweene Voorwold aforesaid and the aforesaid village or buert of houses Markes of the deepest water on the Flat the old Crosse-markes of the tonne at the bought are Mirnes Molqueren Hemelum and some long buert of houses when these four stand together then you have the length of this tonne which lyeth upon 14 foot and between these two tonnes that is the tonne at the Frees-plact and that at the bought is the dryest of the flatte Now when the tonne at the bought is sidewaies on you then goe north and by west and some what more westerly to the tonne lying west from Worcum which lyeth upon these markes Markes of the ton be-west Worcum There standeth a sharp steeple farre within the Land called Harich when it is right over certaine buert-houses which lye northward of Hinloopen called Dertwisch there this tonne lyeth upon the east wall at 16 foot low water the right depth there against it is full 3 fathome The old markes are two villages nearest to Mackum which stand north-east from you come through each other and stand upon the water side and when they are a litle through each other then you shall see two litle steeples some what northerly from Bolsweert which come within verie litle one hard by the other in manner as the other stand separated that stand upon the water side the one is called Idsega houses The Cros-marks are these Crosse-markes there standeth a high house on the east ende of Condom which commeth within a windbomes length neere to the south ende of Hinlopen and when that house commeth on the south ende of Hinlopen thē you are to near the cast banck and when it standeth the length of a cable or more from Hinlopen then you are to neare to the west shore these are the markes of the tonne at west from Worcum From thence to the tonne at Iglepoint the course is north the markes thereof are these there standeth a sharp steeple called Lutgeest with a long village crosse from you when that steeple is within the innermost gap of the long village Markes of the ton at Iglehooke then you are against the tonne and that is a good crosse marke but the long-markes are when the sharp steeple of Pingom is right against the flat steeple of Corenwaert standing upon the water side and Pandraghen is right against a litle house which standeth northward from the village with the gap or when the milles of Stavern stand betweene the towne and the bulwarke of Stavern these are all good Long-markes of the tonne at Igelhooke and this tonne when you sayle outward may be sayled by on the east side and so you may come northward of the middle ground againe into the Vlie-streame but not with great ships From Iglehooke to the Middle ground the course is north south the right depth in the Middle ground is 7 fathome but in the chanell betweene west of Worcum and the Middle ground it is 4 fathome deepe good ground Markes of the boye at the Middlegroūd and the east wall is flat and the west is shoring The tonne of the middle ground lyeth upon these markes when the two sharp steeples which stand northeast or there aboutes from you that is Arum Pingom are both one against the other then you have the length of this tonne or when Bolswert is right north with a house that standeth north from Mackum these are good Crosse-markes of the middle ground Long-markes are these when Kinswaert that is the Looper is right behinde Surich church then you are right in the chanell This Surich church standeth on the water side upon a point of land about northeast and by north from you or when the flat steeple of Wynaldum or Wynaem which standeth north from Harlinghen sheweth betweene Mildum Harlinghen then you are right in the middle ground and unto which side Winaldum standeth nearest unto that shore are you nearest Wynaldum must stand betweene the east ende of Harlinghen and Mildum but Mildum nearest this is a right Long-marke The right chanel in Middlegrond is 7 fathome as aforesaid and both the sides or grounds are shoring When you are through the Middleground will sayle outward to the Vlie you must not sayle by any pointes of sand on the west along to Monick Slot Middle plaet but you must not goe nearer to the west shore betweene the Middle ground and Swanebalgh then three fathome deepe and from Swanebalgh forward going outward you must not goe nearer then 4 fathome and you must be diligent to cast out your lead specially when you come against Schieringshals but whē you come out of the Sea homewards you may sayle under the west shore as it shall hereafter be declared When you come in out of the Sea you may sayle by the ton that lyeth at the Middleground for there is a flatte called Middle flatte which you may sayle eastward about and so come southward of the ton to Iglehooke again into the Vlie-streame but not with great ships Dominicus plaet this Middle plaet lyeth on the east shore on the west shore also you sayle by a flat called Dominicus flatte before you come to the Middle ground which is also called the point of the Waert or Doode balgh upon it there standeth a rowe of beakons northward from this Flatte there is a good Rode right over against the tonne at Swanebalgh for there you have shallowe water and litle streames When you are past the tonne or boye of Middle ground Markes of the ton at Swanbalgh then goe n. n. w. to the tonne at Swanebalgh The Crosse-markes of this tonne are when Bolswaert is right over a smale short house which standeth southward of Cornwaert then you have the length of this tonne and here you may sayle by a point of sand when you goe outward This tonne lyeth at 3 fathome on the east wall on the west wall you may cast out your lead and finde 4 fathome water all along to Schieringshals When you are inward then keepe on the cast shore with a fore-flood Markes of the long reach for it would draw you into this shelf before you were aware of it The markes to sayle along by this long reach are these you may see Mackum with a mill on the waterside which lyeth southeast from you southward from Mackum there is a village with a flatte steeple called Idsegahuysen Now when Pandraghen cōmeth betweene Mackum and this village you neede not feare the point of sand or Doodebaigh but
Cape de Pinas to Aviles and Ribadeus FRom Cape de Pinas there lyeth out a rowe of rockes which reach half a league into the sea they say that a man may sayle betweene those rockes and that point But right within or westward from Cape de Pinas lyeth a great rocke which you may sayle through betweene it the land When you are within Cape de Pinas Aviles Aviles lyeth from thence s s w. three leagues it is a good tyde-haven where a great shippe may well enter at half flood there is also a good Rode before this haven at 6 and 7 fathome deepe To sayle into this haven you must goe along by the east-side for the west-side is verie flatte there standeth a litle chappel upon the east-side which you must runne in close by til you be within the two rockes that lye on the east-side of the haven which you must sayle close by anckor a litle waie within the rockes The towne lyeth about a league upwards Frō the west-point there shooteth off a sand which reacheth within along the haven to the towne so that there on both sides it is verie shallowe On the west-side of the haven without in the bowing thereof there lye two great rockes right before the litle church in the sandie Baye which you may sayle round about but it is not all to faire yet without the rockes it is good anckor-anckor-ground at 7 8 fathome which is right over against the church which standeth against the high land From Aviles to Luarca Luarca it is 7 leagues and from Luarca to Ribadeus Ribadeus the course is w. s w. seven leagues Or from Aviles to Ribadeus s w. and by w. 13 leagues To sayle into the haven of Ribadeus you must goe close in by the west-land on the west-side of the haven there standeth a high flatte steeple as if it were upon the Corongne you must sayle in along by the said steeple at two cables length for at the east-point there lyeth a rock under the water thē you must sayle forward in the middle of the water the haven for the most part reacheth in south and south by east you may anckor on the east-side before Castrapol Castrapol or on the west-side before Ribadeus where you will at five or sixe fathome Within it is all flatte water if you lye farre out or deepe within as 4 5 6 and 7 fathome Thus the land of Aviles sheweth it self when you are before Aviles II. To sayle from Ribadeus to Viverus and then to Ortegal NOrthwest from Ribadeus about eight leagues lyeth the Cape de Brilo Cape de Brilo and a litle west from thence lyeth the litle towne of Viverus Viverus Westward from the baye of Cyprian where you may anckor at tenne fathome there lye two great high rockes west-northwest from those rockes about half a league lyeth the Iland of S. Cyprian Iland S. Cyprian which lyeth right before the haven of Viverus whereby this haven of Viverus is well to be knowne you may sayle round about on both sides of this Iland into the haven of Viverus in the middle of the water south south by west right before the towne and being within you may anckor where you will either on the east or west-side it is there flatte water of 5 6 7 8 fathome as you runne farre inward Pascaarte vande Zeecusten van Galissien tusschen de C. de Pinas ende de C. de Finisterre vertoonende de rechte gelegentheijt der Zeegaten en̄ havenen aldaer geleghen hoemen die beseijlen en̄ alle periculen en̄ ondieptē mijdē sal Carte marine des costes de la Mer entre le C. de Pinas et le C. de Finisterre menstrant au vif la situation des Ports et haures sitnez a lesdictes costes et comment en costoÿant icelles on evitera tous perils et lieux dagereux And three leagues westward from S. Markes lyeth the River of Karins Karins and there also it is good anckoring along to the castle of Ortegal all the coast along is faire From Karins to Ortegal the course is northwest 5 leagues Ortegal is a great point of land lying out eastward from it you may lye safe from a northwest west southwest and south winde against the castle is the best Rode where you may anckor at 8 and 9 fathome When you come from the east Ortegal is well to be knowne you may see the castle stand against the high land Thus Ortegal sheweth when it is s w by s from you Thus Ortegal sheweth when the easterlyest hill lyeth south-southeast from you and you may see the east-ende clearly eight nine or tenne leagues into the Sea Thus Ortegal sheweth it self as it is s e by s from you When Ortegal is southeast from you it openeth thus III. To sayle from Cape de Ortegal to Ferol de Corongne and to the Iland of Cyzarga ABout a league into the Sea north-northwest from Ortegal lyeth a rowe of great rockes you may sayle between them and the firme land at 10 fathome Ortegal Cape de Prior are distant northeast and southwest 11 leagues .. Betweene Ortegal and Cape Prior lyeth the haven of Siguera Siguera or Siverus which is a deepe haven reaching in southeast the north-side is rockie foule you must goe in close by the west-land sayling along by a high land at 12 fathome within it is 10 fathome and you must anckor before the village of Siguera at 6 or 7 fathome Five leagues westward from Siguera lyeth Cape de Prior Cape de Prior. which is a verie craggie uneven hill which to see to is like as if it sate full of men Three leagues from Cape de Prior southward lyeth the haven of Ferol sayling to it you come first to two white Sand-bayes How to sayle into Ferol which lye northward from the said haven wherof the southerlyest is the greatest whereon also one or two white houses stand southward from that lyeth the north-point of the haven of Ferol and when you goe by it then the haven openeth it self which you must runne into through the middle of the chanel e. n. e. and e. by n. betweene two high lands when you are within you must turne up northward and anckor at 12 and 13 fathome for before the village of Ferol it is rockie and flatte The south-point of Ferol reacheth farre out and is all foule when you are in the middle of the narrowe or strait then you may see through betweene the firme-land and the Iland of Cyzarga in the narrowe it is 20 fathome deepe and so narrowe that you may cast a stone upon the land on both sides thereof But when you come from Corongne from the west and will put into Ferol then from the Iland of S. Blase goe n. and n. by w. untill you may see the haven of Ferol open and sayle still till it
chanel a s w. by w. moone VI. Of the depths heere and at what depths you may see the Land and how it is to be knowne BEtweene Englands ende and Londey in the chanel it is 45 fathome deepe you may see Cornewall at 44 fathome At Wales about Milford and there northward from it you may see the land at 42 and 45 fathome In the Chanel betweene the Holmes and Bristowe it is 12 13 and 14 fathome deepe and you see the land on both sides the English land is the fairest You may see Sorlinges at 45 and 46 fathome the ground is oasie with some small stones among it Eleven or 12 leagues w. n. w. and w. by n. from Sorrels it is 56 and 57 fathome deepe and the ground there is so soft that you can hardly get it to stick upon the lead sometimes you shal have small shelles Betweene Hartland point and S. Ives against Padstowe or Stupaert there are manie white chalck hilles and so all along to the ende of England whereby you may knowe that Coast upoÌ„ Englands ende you see alwaies a towre or two When you are n. from the Sorrels then you see a towre or castle upon the east Iland and the Sorrels then lye most upon two Ilands although they are more then two without upon the easterlyest of the Ilands there lye two great rockes which are verie craggie like hillockes without at the uttermost there lye three high black rockes whereby you may learne to knowe these Lands VII How these places are distant from each other FRom Ramsey to Milford s by e. 5 leagues From Milford to S. Gawins point s e. by s 4 leagues FroÌ„ S. Gawins point to the Nase e. somewhat s 17 leag From the Nase to Stepeholme e. s e. about 7 leagues From Stepeholme to the river of Bristow n. by e. 12 leagues From the Holmes to Londey w. s w. 20 leagues From Londey to the Cape of Cornwall southwest and southwest and by south 28 leagues From the Cape of Cornwal to the ende of EnglaÌ„d s 5 leagues From Gresholme to Milford s s e. 3 leagues From Ilfordcombe to Bedeford w. s w. 7 leagues From Bedeford to the westende of Londey w. n. w. 5 leagues From Hartland point to Padstowe s w. 7 leagues From Stupart to the Cape of Cornwal s w. 12 or 13 leagues From Milford to Londey s by e. and s s e. 12 or 13 leagues From Milford to Englands ende or the Cape of Cornewall southsouthwest 32 leagues From Milford to the Sorrels southsouthwest somewhat westerlyer 40 leagues How these places are distant from the Havens of Ireland it is shewed in the chapter before VIII Vnder what degrees these Places lye THe Haven of Milford lyeth under 51 degrees 50 minut Londey lyeth under 50 degrees 20 minutes The Cape of Cornwal lyeth under 50 degrees 25 minut Heere followeth the Carde N. 18. CHAPTER XVI A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of England that lye betweene the Sorlinges and Portland I. The situation of the Sorlinges and from Englands ende to Lezard FRom the point of Cornwall or the Iland of Bresam to Englands ende it is south north five leagues From Englands ende there lye some rocks A Rode behinde the rockes at Englands ende which shoote off from it where you may anckor behinde them at 8 and 9 fathome you may sayle behinde them when you come either north or south on the south-side it is narrowe but deepe ynough at least 10 fathome but out of the north it is best to come in betweene them there it is 8 9 fathome deepe But there lyeth a rock under the water on the left hand close by the north-point of Englands ende which you must shunne The Sorrels The Sorrels or Sorlinges are distant from Englands ende w. s w. leagues Betweene them both lye Sevenstones Seven-stones w. s w. and w. by s from Englands ende distant four leagues It is a rowe of rockes whereon it alwaies rayles and are not above the water Sevenstones is distant from Sorlinges n. e. by e. and e. n. e. three leagues Three or four leagues from Englands ende s s w. and s w. by s there lyeth a sharp rock in the Sea which at half flood is above the water and is indifferent faire it is called the Wolf The Wolf it is distant from Sorlinges east and west 5 leagues To sayle into the Sorlinges Ilands when you come out of the east â—o sayle into Sorrels you must sayle in by the east-land at 8 or 9 fathome there lyeth a sconce right without the castle from thence also there shooteth off a stone under the water you may sayle thorough betweene the said stone and the sconce To shunne the stone also that lyeth in the haven you must understand that there lye two rocks on the west-side within the haven one greater then the other keepe the greatest over against the smalest sayle nearest to the north-side and hold them so and then you runne wide ynough without the point at 10 fathome but nearer you may not goe unto it If you will goe southward into the Sorrels To sayle out of the south into the Sorrels you must looke well before you because of the stone that lyeth in the haven you may well sayle about on both sides but the east-side is the best and fairest But to goe into the best of the chanel and to goe as neare unto the rock as well you may then hold the two rockes aforesaid which lye on the west-side of the haven the smallest under the greatest nearest unto the north-side as I said before and so sayle about the point and turne up northward until you may see the towreful in the middle of the sandie bay there anckor at 7 or 8 fathome you may hold the said two rockes which are within the haven on the west-side a litle distant one from the other so that you may see just betweene theÌ„ then you are right north or east from the rock which lyeth in the haven and then you must runne in so by the east-land then the said rock will be on the west-side but on the innermost point of the Iland against the Pale there lyeth a rock under the water which you must shunne and then runne up northward until you may see the towre in the sandie Baye as I said before The Sorrels on the west-side are all full of rockes have manie chanels to come in but the south-chanel or haven is best When you come to the Sorlinges on the south-side then you see a flatte steeple in the Sandbaye or valley and west it is al full of Ilands rockes the ground is stonie with some redde shels you may see the south-land at 52 fathome Englands ende hath two round hilles To knowâ— Englands ende on the highest there standeth a speere steeple and when you goe
east-side of the haven commeth in the middle of the chanel then sayle up upon it in the middle betweene both the lands and be readie with your boat if the winde should chance to whirle that then you might towe in then turne on the west-side before the brewhouse and anckor at 10 or 12 fathome for within it is a wide haven and you may as well anckor before the village as before the brewhouse There lyeth a blinde rock on the east-side of the haven of Dartmouth the markes to sayle out of the dauÌ„ger thereof are these there is a redde point east from Dartmouth which upon the water is black and in the redde there lyeth a white stone when the white stone is over against the black point then you are right over against the said rock which lyeth before the haven of Dartmouth but when you see the Kaye of the village then doe as aforesaid and you shall not sayle by the stone Four leagues east from Dartmouth lyeth the baye of Torbaye Torbaye Rode where you may anckor you must place the west-point s e and s s e. from you and there you lye safe against a southwest winde at 7 or 8 fathome On the east-side there is also a Tyde-haven where there is good anckor ground at 4 or 5 fathome as you are close by or farre from the land From Torbaye to Portland it is east and east by north 13 leagues About 5 leagues n. and n. by e. from Torbaye lyeah the creeke of Tops or Exmouth Exmouth where you may lye safe â—gainst a south-winde at 7 or 8 fathome good anckor ground on the south-side of the Single which lyeth before the tyde-haven of Exmouth so that the rockes of Totmanstone lye south and south and by east from you From Exmouth to Portland the course is e. s e. 13 leagues Betweene them both close by the land there lyeth an Iland callâ—d Cob. Thus the land sheweth betweene Goutstart and Torbaye Thus the land on the west-side of Portland sheweth when you sayle along by it Thus Portland sheweth when you come from the west Thus Portland sheweth when it is north and by west from you seven leagues Thus Portland sheweth when you come from the east As long as Portland lyeth west and by north from you then the east point is high and steepe but when it beginneth to come northnortheast from you then it lyeth as it were round to your sight and when it lyeth more easterly from you then the west-side is the highest and steepest V. Of manie depths and fashions of grounds which men finde when they come out of the Sea to seeke out the chanel betweene Heysant and the Sorrels taken out of the search made by Adrian Gerritson of Haerlem SOuthwest and by south from Seims seven leagues it is 72 fathome deepe The Seims and the ground is slopie white great sand as if it were wreathed small stones with small peeces of shelles graye flatte stones and white shining needles sayle from thence n. and n. by e. then you are in a good waie to Heysant The Seims About 2 leagues s w. from Seimes it is 52 fathome deepe the grouÌ„d is there white yellowe with some smal redde shelles manie graie ragged needles with some white shining points as if they were needles If a man found 70 or 80 fathome there they would judge it to be good chanel ground for it is white yellowe rough long sand The Seims Also w. s w. from the Seimes so farre from the land that you may see the Sheetes from the poope of the ship verie well there it is 54. fathome deepe the ground there is redde white yellowe and black peeces as if it were parings of cheese with some great redde sand amongst it West and by south 8 or 9 leagues from Seims at 65 fathome there the ground is white yellowe and some small redde shellie sand with some peeces of shelles which are not over great and with much white-yellowe long sand with small white points of needles such as men cast in the chanels Heâ—sâ—nt Seven leagues s w. from Heysant or thereaboutes where you may plainely see from the poope of the ship at 70 fathome there the ground is white yellowe great sand with some peeces of crampen some peeces of white thinne shelles some graye flatte hackled stones Southwest by west from Heysant about 19 or 20 leagues at 78 or 80 fathome the ground is white yellowe great sand with shining needles white peeces of crampen graye yellowe flatte stones and peeces as if they were of oyster shelles West and by south from Heysant 21 leagues at 86 fathome there the ground is redde yellowe and black with a litle white round sand amongst it shewing as if it were shel-sand But at 80 fathome 21 leagues west from Heysant the ground is yellowe and shellie with some graye rugged needles as if they were the endes of small rye Also at 80 fathome Heysant 24 leagues from Heysant w. by s the ground is rough sand with manie peeces of redde white yellowe and graye shelles and peeces of crampen or shelles From Heysant west 16 or 17 leagues at 75 fathome the ground is pale yellowe great sand with peeces of white thinne shelles and graye peeces of crampen or of oyster shelles and white shining needles Eight or 9 leagues from Heysant it is 70 fathome deepe the ground is redde yellowe white graye shellie sand with redde yellowe and black peeces of shelles small redde yellowe black graye litle stones and some white needles Fortie-eight Leagues w. by n. from Heysant and w. s w. froÌ„ Lezard 50 leagues or thereaboutes it is 95 fathome deepe the ground is redde yellowe and black sand with small white round shellie sand some small peeces of shelles or crampen and some small peeces of thinne shelles Thirtie three leagues w. by n. from Heysant 28 leagues s w. by s from Sorrels at 95 fathome there the ground is graye redde yellowe with black sand amongst it some darke redde peeces and pale yellowe peeces of shelles to conclude it is there small graye redde shellie sand and the best course from this ground is e. n. e. it is almost under the heigth of nine-and-fortie degrees Four-and-twentie leagues w. or w. by n. from Heysant and s by w. from the Sorrels 21 leagues at 80 fathome there the ground is white graye redde yellowe smal shellie sand with small redde and white peeces of shelles and to see to it is like ground mustard seed it is under the heigth of 49 degrees Seven or 8 leagues west and w. and by n. from Heysant at 68 or 70 fathome the ground is white yellowe small shel-sand with many graye curld needles amongst it About 31 leagues west somewhat northerlyer from Heysant at 90 fathome there the ground is small white rough long sand mixt with a litle redde
and yellowe and with some shining needles with two or three peeces of white graye shelles and when you goe there n. e. by n. till you be under 55 fathome the ground is yellowe and white great shellie sand with white peeces of shelles then you may see the Sorrels 9 or 10 leagueâ— northward or somewhat westerlyer from you Westnorthwest from Heysant 21 leagues and s w. by s from Lezard 28 leagues Heysant at 80 fathome there the ground is gray redde shel sand and upon the lead there commeth a peece of white or graye crampen or shelles with redde and yellowe peeces of shelles and manie peeces of needles Nine leagues n. w. by n. froÌ„ Heysant the ground is white yellowe rugged shellie sand with graye short needles and shyning needles there also stickes on the lead things like strawes when you goe n. e. from thence then you sayle upoÌ„ Goutstart Twentie leagues n. w. and by n. from Heysant 16 leagues s w. somewhat southerlyer from Lezard at 68 fathome there the ground is white yellowe redde small round sand with some white shyning needles and a graye short needle or two and two or three peeces of white shelles Nineteene leagues n. n. w. froÌ„ Heysant 12 or 13 leagues s s w. from Lezard it is 68 fathome deepe the ground is there of all kinde of hackled stones graye redde and black with redde peeces of shelles and some graye hackled needles Nineteene leagues n. and by w. from Heysant southward from Lezard there it is 62 fathome there the ground is white shellie sand with white needles and graye needles white peeces of shelles and two or three redde stones amongst it Sorrels Twelve or therteene leagues about west froÌ„ Sorrels or somewhat northerly there it is 60 fathome deepe and the ground is graye oasie ground with small black sand mixed among it and in some places at the same depth it is white graye oasie small sand with peeces of thinne white shelles among it with a peece or two like parings of cheese and this ground you cannot gette upon the lead with tallowe for it will not stick upon it unlesse you putte butter or grease under the bottome of the lead and in no place els you have this grouÌ„d at this depth so oasie as there and therefore you must certainely know that there you are behinde the Sorrels or behinde England that is west from Sorrels West from Sorrels seven leagues there also it is oasie ground graye sand with two or three peeces of cheese parings Lezard Seven or eight leagues southsouthwest from Lezard at 60 fathome there the ground is white great sand with a litle redde and white shelles and shyning white needles Tenne or eleven leagues southwest from Lezard at 60 fathome there the ground is yellowe peeces of shelles and graye peeces of soft flatte stones as if they were parings of cheese and some redde peeces of shelles without anie sand therein Southwest and by west from Lezard and southsouthwest from Sorrels 19 leagues there it is deepe 78 fathome there the ground is graye yellowe redde shellie ground with redde yellowe and blewe peeces of shelles and crampen and a peece or two as if it were cheese parings or peeces of oyster shelles and two or three shining needles at the heigth of about 49 degrees 30 minutes Fiveteene or sixteene leagues southwest and by south from Goutstart at 57 or 58 fathome Goutstart there the ground is all manner of peeces of shelles and crampen with a litle white yellowe shellie sand and all manner of stones graye peeces like parings of cheese some rough needles shyning needles and things like as if they were carnels or measels that are in bakon Southwest from Goutstart 16 leagues at 53 fathome the ground is white redish shellie sand with peeces of crampen and redde and graye stones Southsouthwest 11 or 13 leagues from Goutstart at 50 fathome the ground is white yellowe small shellie sand with some peeces of white shelles and graye ragged shyning needles To conclude he that soundeth much findes manie sortes of Ground and sometymes much alteration in small changing of places But he that findeth depth with white shelles and litle needles he must understand that he is nearest to Heysant But if he finde brannie ground or black stones mingled with white measels or carnels then he is nearest to the Sorlinges The tokens or signes of Heysant depth Markes of Heysant and Sorrels you shall finde small white sand and shelles and small things it being oasie and white then Heysant lyeth n. e. from you and if you finde all along things like needles then Heysant lyeth southeast from you but if you be not sure of these grounds then you must goe northwards if you finde it deeper then you are towards the Seims and if it be dryer then you are in the chanel northward from Heysant If you are betweene Heysant and the Seims at 70 fathome then the ground wil be stones like black earth sand And if you finde the ground great redde sand then you must goe northward untill you finde white sand ground long carnels or measels then you must knowe that you enter into the chanel VI. Of the falling and running of the streames about these Landes FRom Sorles to Lezard the flood falleth northeast and the ebbe southwest From Lezard to the Deadmanshead it flalleth n. e. and s w. From Deadmanshead to Ramshead the flood falleth e. n. e. the ebbe w. s w. In the chanel betwene Lezard Goutstart against Fawick the flood falleth e. by n. and the ebbe w. by s From Ramshead to Goutstart by the land within the Ideston or Mensâ—one the flood falleth e. s e. and the ebbe w. n. w. From Goutstart to Portland in the middle of the chanel the flood falleth e. n. e. and the ebbe w. s w. Against Dartmouth by the land the flood falleth n. e. by n. and the ebbe s w. and by s Against Tops or Exmouth in the Creeke the flood falleth n. n. e. and the ebbe s s w. VII What Moone maketh high water at these places IN the Sorlinges a s w. by w. moone maketh high water In the mouth of the chanel of England a southwest and northeast moone maketh full Sea Without the Sorrels in the chanel a s w. by w. moone At Englands ende and in Monsbay a westsouthwest moone maketh high water At Lâ—zard on the land an e. s e. w. n. w. moone makes ful Sea The like also at Hilford In Famouth an east and by north moone maketh a full Sea Without Famouth an e. by s moone maketh full Sea Against Fawick in the chanel an e. s e. moone makes full Sea In Plimmouth Fawick a w. by s moone makes high water Against Goutstart in the chanel a w. n. w. and e. s e. moone mâ—keth high water In Dartmouth and Torbaye a west
VVILLIAM IOHNSON DVVELLING upon the VVater by the Old Bridge at the Signe of the Golden Son-dyall Anno 1612. Heere followeth the Carde N. 20. CHAPTER I. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Ilands and Chanels lying betweene Vlieland and the Elve I. Of the Ilands of Vlieland and the Schellingh THe Iland of the Vlieland is three leagues long and is well to be knowne on the east ende there lie high white baÌ„ckes or downes but on the west it is flatte or lowe land On the west ende there standeth a church with a mill east froÌ„ it From the west ende thereof there shooteth out a Sand a good waie in to the Sea West Vlieland deep West from this rock betweene Vlieland and Eyerland there runneth in a chanel called the Wester gat or West-Vlieland-deepe but it is not for great shippes but onely for fishermen for therein there is not above 8 or 10 foot water At the east ende there standeth a mill with a cape which are markes to shunne the grounds that lye before the Vlie The east ende of the Vlieland and the west ende of the Tessel are distant from each other 8 leagues East from Vlieland lyeth the Schellingh which is about three leagues long The Schellingh upon it there stand four churches one chappel the westerlyest is a high flatte steeple called Brandaris which is well knowne by all Seafaring men About the middle of the land there stand two steeples the westerlyest is a statte steeple called Zeerip the easterlyest is sharp and is called Midland and east froÌ„ it there standeth a high speere steeple called the Horne and a chappel called S. Iohns On the east ende there lye high downes but not upon the west ende but one onely called the Lit betweene Midlands and the Lit it is lowe flat land On the west ende there standeth three capes or beakons the westerlyest is for Bomekins gat the easterlyest for the north gat or chane but the middlemost is for the Slencke which runneth from the Newe ligger through Peters sand into the Sea Thus the Iland of the Vlieland sheweth being about two leagues crosse from it Thus the Schellingh sheweth when you sayle along by it about two leagues from the land II. To sayle into the chanels of the Vlie and first of Stortemelck HOw you must sayle up and downe the Vlie streame and how you shall sayle out of all the chanels of the Vlie streame it is at large declared in the first Chapter of the first Book But how a man shall reach the said chanels without and sayle into them I will heere at large truly declare To sayle into Stortemelck that is the Land-deepe of Vlieland set the cape and the mill upon the eastende one against the other and sayle up upon it and so you shall finde the uttermost tonne lying at five fathome the cape and the mill shall then stand eastsoutheast and southeast and by east from you This uttermost tonne lyeth nearest to the north side yet you may well goe somewhat north about it for the north side is reasonable flatte so that comming out of the north you may sound it at five or sixe fathome till you be within the uttermost tonne The second tonne The Droghe drie called the tonne upon the Droghe drie lyeth east and east and by south from the uttermost at four fathome on the north side the right depth there against it is also four fathome with lowe water When you sayle in you leave that on the baghborde Betweene this tonne and the uttermost tonne it is not deeper upon the Droghe drie or drumpel then 16 foot with lowe water From the second tonne to the third the course is east and by north that lyeth on the north-side at five fathome but the right depth there against it is seven fathome you may sayle in all along by the strand of Flieland to this tonne without misdoing for it is all faire From the third tonne to the fourth or innermost the course is east and by north that lyeth at 3 fathome on the south-side that is at the point of the Sand which commeth off from the north-point of the Vlieland From the third tonne to this tonne you must leave the foot-strand of Vlieland because of the said Sand and runne north about by the tonne It is there in the chanel 4 fathome deepe at lowe water From thence forward to the tonne upon the Flat the course is southsoutheast or sayle forward by the foot-strand of the Vlieland to Langesand for that is all verie faire there in the chanel it is five sixe and seven fathome deepe III. The situation of Boemkens haven Be naminghe der plaetsen die op de Elve met letteren aengheweseÌ„ werdeÌ„ a De Schortonne b De Rostonne c De ton op de Meem d De Grutpot e De witte ton op de nieuwe gronden f De noord Elve Op de Weser enÌ„ Iaa a De ton op t hoost b De ton op't coers c De Mellum tonne d De ton op Bollenzÿl e De baeckenâ— op Bollenzÿl f De eerste ton op t Vlack g t Vlack h Cappelmans zandt i De Iaa ton k De Steenbalgh l De backens van't Wadt m Aenten oste Ieppe plaet In dese twee colommen weeden veaclaert de plaetsen die op de weser Jaa ende boyde de Eemsen met letteren aenghewosen werden De Eemsen a Geltsacx plaet b De Mieuwe steert c De wolden d Borckummer balgh e De Ransel f Steven Ianszoons ton g De Hondt h De Paep i Iannens sandt ofte Reydersant k Nesterlandt l Brouwers plaet m Memer zandt n T' baeken op de Hoghe horn o De ton op Conincx plaet p De ton op Hamburgher zandt q Memer Balgh Nieuwe beschrÿvinghe van alle de EylandeÌ„ ende Gaten der Zee die gheleghen zÿn langs de custen van Vrieslandt Groeningerlandt Embderlandt etc. van Vlielandt af tot de Elve toe nu nieulÿcx na harc JeaeÌ„woordighe gheleghentheyt perfectelÿck beschrevâ—◠〈◊〉 Willem lansz â—â— 1697 Van de Scholbalgh de Lauwers en de Schille a Tnoordwester gat vande Scholbalgh b Thooghe zandt c Tnoordooster gat d De Paerdemarckt e De Knockebalgh f Sÿmons zant g Bosch sandt h De zanden die van Rottum na den Bosch toe strecken Aenwysingh der namen van het Vlie Amelander gat de Scholbalch Lauwers en de Schille Vant Vlie enaâ— Amelander gat a. De Boomkes gronden b. Pieters zandt c. Den Bos d. De ton op den Bos e. De ton op Feyhoeck f. De nieuwe leggher g. De oude leggher h. Ielmers plaet i. De ton op Hobbezandt k. De ton op Speckhoeck l. De ton op de Plaet m. De nieuwe Ietting n. Coggedieys gronden o. Camper zandt p. De Plaet q. De ton op Gerritshonden r. De witte ton op de Plaet s Coggedieps gronden Description de toutes les Isles
at the Hound leaving the said beacon on baghborde When you come within Buysen there it is twice or thrice crooked and there standeth a beacon upon the north ende of Hudemer sand leave it on starborde and then goe up eastward till you be about the Sand which shooteth off from Hudemersand there you shal finde a beacon which you must sayle up unto and leave it on baghborde and goe s w. then you shall finde another beacon upō the east side of the flat streame standing upon Roomaerder sand saile out by the same leaving it on the left hand and then you shall come out at the old Elve II. To sayle up into the Eyder RIght north from Blauweoort the Eyder goeth in and lyeth distant from Holie land east by north and when with that course you fall upon the land then you shall see a sharpe steeple upon Eyder towne called Gartinghen Gartinghen which is an indifferent long steeple you must bring it on the south side of the downes which are called the South heads South heads and then they stand from you n. e. by n. or somewhat easterlyer with these markes you must sayle over Blauoort so long untill you finde deepe water as 5 or 6 fathome soft ground then you shall see a sharpe steeple stand in Ditmarse called Weselborne bring that east or somewhat southerlyer from you goe in e. by s and sometimes somewhat easterlyer till the Buys be s e. and by s from you and that the beacon at the Hound standeth s s w. from you then Ees will come a ships length north from Tatinghen which is the southerlyest of the two flatte churches standing upon Eyderland then goe up northnortheast for then you are within the Newe grounds then there commeth a Sand on the starreborde side shooting off from Ditmarse which is called Hecke sand Hecke sand when you are past this Hecke sand the Newe grounds then you come against the greene land of Coebergh or Cow-hill A litle waie within Koebergh there commeth a Sand shooting off from Eyder side which you may sayle under as you goe along by the Eyder side so that you must runne into a Dead chanel where you must come backward out againe Behinde or in it there lyeth a small village of seven or eight houses called Ulckhorne Vlckehorne there men lade oxen and there the oxen come to be bought When you come about Heckesand or against Koebergh or Cowe-hill then the Eyder reacheth from the aforesaid Sand which commeth shooting off from Eyderstede east by south When you are past that Sand then the Eyder reacheth eastnortheast and northeast and by east to Tonninghen Tonninghen There also they lade oxen Or to get into the Eyder otherwise To goe another waie into the Eyder when as I said before you come from Holie land then bring Gartinghen before the downes and rūne by the south side at 3 fathome keepe the steeple standing so and sound about by the south side till you gett deeper water and bring the sharpe steeple in Ditmarse aforesaid east or somewhat southerlyer from you hold that standing so till you be within But if you will goe up the Eyder then chuse the north side when you come in because of the Pip for without the Pip and the Eyder is all one chanel and the sand of the Hound whereon the beacon standeth shooteth there betweene them both a great waie into the Sea as I said before and you may sayle over the sand into the north Pip a litle westward frō the beacon at the Hound Beacon at the Hond therefore you must there runne over the sand in time if you will goe into the Eyder otherwise you may sayle under the north side inward from without But from the north you cānot well get to the Eyder because of the points which rūne off from the grounds But there looke well to your streames for without the Grounds the streames fall in most part southeast and northwest out and a south and north moone maketh a high water there The Eyder is 6 or 7 fathome deepe soft ground And when you will goe out of the Eyder into the Pip To goe out of the Eyder into the Pip. then you must goe out so farre untill Tatinger church come upon the east ende of Ees there you may goe over the Hond sand you shall not there have lesse then two fathome and an half at high water The Land chanel of the Eyder The Land chanel or the Northchanel of Eyder for the most part reacheth in e. by n. right up upon Koebergh you must get to that from the north to sayle in north from the Newe grounds they lye upon the south side of this chanel and then you come against the Koebergh againe into Eyder streame About two leagues north from Koebergh or from the said Land chanel there lyeth another chanel or balgh which you may sayle up into there stand two beacons in it and it reacheth in most east by north to the south downes of Ees then you may goe along by the land till you be behinde the Iland Utto You may also in that chanel runne along by the south downes of Ees to Koebergh and so come againe into the Land chanel of Eyder but it is verie crooked You may not use this unles you be driven to it these are bad chanels because they are flatte so farre out therefore it is not well to be done unlesse a man be forced to search these chanels of necessitie Thus the land of Eyder sheweth Ees Gartinghen North head Tatinghen South head III. How to sayle up the Hever TO sayle from the Newe worke or from Schor tonne to the Hever you must understand that the course is north and south distant 11 leagues but alwaies looke well to your streames for as I said the fore flood falleth verie stif crosse over the grounds into the land the ebbe contrarie but when you are half waie then you meete with Blawoort sand whereof I spake before at the depth of two or three fathome But to sayle from Holie land to the Hever then goe on n. e. and somewhat easterlyer according as the winde and streame suffer and runne upon the Grounds at 6 or 7 fathome then you shall finde an indifferent high steeple which on the toppe is sharpe it is called Pielworme Pielworme set this steeple northeast and by north from you and a mast length south from the southerlyest Cowehouse which standeth upon the Iland of Nubal Nubal keepe the steeple standing so and sayle up to it then you shall finde the uttermost tonne then goe from the first tonne to the second tonne northeast and northeast and by east and comming to it then Pielworme steeple will stand n. n. e. from you Frō thence the course inward is n. e. by e. and when you come a good waie in thē you finde two beacons standing
and reacheth n. w. by n. off from the east land and when the steeple commeth upon the houses then goe in s s e and in that deepe it is 12 foot water In the Somer there lye two tōnes in the chanel the one upon the point of the Sand which commeth shooting off from the east land and the other upon the the flat ground you must runne in through them both This Wismare haven lyeth distant from Femeren south and by east about 7 or 8 leagues but from Wismare to Gester sand the course is n. n. e. 12 or 13 leagues About south from Gester sand lyeth Rostock Rostock and there also goeth in a faire haven of tenne foot deepe but it is verie flat on both sides you may use it on both sides with the lead Wismaer and Rostock are distant about 8 or 9 leagues A litle east from Rostock lyeth a high land called Robbenes Robbenes from it there reacheth off a great Sand or flat to the Seaward toward Gester sand betweene Gester sand and this Sand it is no deeper then 12 or 13 fathome if you goe nearest to Gester sand then it is presently drie but if you goe nearest to this Sand then it is sometimes drier Gester sand as I said before is a drie Sand and runneth at least two leagues into the Sea Right east from this Sand aforesaid lyeth Berts Berts There goeth in a chanel of sixe foot deepe and on the west point there reacheth off a Sand which you must shunne Three or four leagues east from Berts the Ielle goeth in To sayle into the Ielle at eight or tenne foot deepe there you may goe into Mesond or Straelsond and going into it you may see the steeple of Mesond lying before you within it is 12 and 14 foot deepe altogether flat water When you sayle to Lubeck betweene the land of Cruysoort and Holsterland it sheweth thus on both sides Wismar Great Cruysoort Litle Cruysoort Holsterland The East point Thus the Coast of Mekelenburgh sheweth betweene Cruysoort and Dornebos or the Ielle when you sayle along by it a league from the land Berts Robbenes Rostock Oudevaer Buck point V. The situation of Dornbos Witmont Iasmont the Peert and Newe deepe Thorne-bush THe point of Dornbos lyeth from Ielle north by west a league and an half under it you may ancker lye safe against a northeast and southwest winde From Dornebos to Witmont Witmont the course is northeast and by east four leagues Betweene Dornebos and Witmont there goeth in a great Creeke you may there runne into it along by Witmont and there anckor at five or sixe fathome safe against a southwest and east winde From Witmont to Iasmont Iasmont the course is eastsoutheast two great leagues Betweene Witmont and Iasmont you may also ancker there also is a good Rode at seven or eight fathome there you may lye safe against a west and south winde but further from the land at tenne or twelve fathome there is foule ground From Iasmont to the Peert The Peert the course is s s e. two leagues Betweene Iasmont and the Peert one may ride it against a west southwest and south winde it is there all over faire ground The Peert which is also called the Great Bocke upon Iasmont is a heape or two of trees and it is an out-point with two points or endes and there betweene them is a brave Sandbaye where it is good lying at four five fathome faire ground To sayle into the Newe deepe A league south from the Peert the Newe Deepe goeth in right within the point there lyeth a foule ground under the water and somewhat inwards to the southerlyest point lyeth a drie Sand. To sayle into the Newe Deepe holde the two points one over the other that is the Peert on the souththerlyest point and hold it so standing and so you shall sayle right upon the first tonne since there former yeeres there have three tonnes beene layed in the middle of the faire water southsouthwest and northnortheast from each other From the third tonne to the beacon that standeth upon the ende of the Sand that shooteth off from the Roeden the course is southeast by it you may goe about and anckor behinde the Iland at five or sixe fathome Or if you will goe quite within then runne upon the point of Gripswolde and thereby you may then turne up westwards to Mesond or eastwards to Stetin To Mesond and Stetin That chanel is about twelve foot deepe and within it is all flat and for the most part two or three fathome till you be before the towne of Mesond or Straelsond There lyeth an Iland and there is the Veer to set over upon the land of Ruyghen The towne of Gripswold Gripswold lyeth in the entrie right before you in the River The Coast of Pomeren reacheth from the Newe Deepe to Colsberghen east and by north and eastnortheast 16 or 17 leagues But betweene Colsberghen and the Newe Deepe there lye two Havens more first the Swin Swin lying from the Newe Deepe seven leagues it runneth through with a River up to Haf right over against the River of Stetin From the Swin to Camin it is eastnortheast five leagues Camin Camin lyeth upon the east ende of the Stetynsche Haf and goeth also with a River to Haf Thus Witmont sheweth when you sayle by it being two leagues from the land Thus Iasmond sheweth when you sayle by it being two leagues from the land VI. The situation of the Iland of Borneholme and of the Ertholmes THe Iland of Borneholme lyeth from the Newe-deepe north and by east sixteene leagues but from Witmont northeast and by east twelve leagues From Valsterbon to sayle north about Borneholme it is east and by north nineteene leagues but from Valsterbon to sayle south about it is east and by south one-and-twentie or two-and twentie leagues Borneholme Borneholme is an Iland which is round about faire and one may sound it round about at twelve and thirteene fathome and on the southwest side at eight or nine fathome without anie daunger But on the southeast ende there lyeth a Sand called Brouwers sand which you must shunne You may anckor round about Bornholme as before Rottum Nex Swanex and Santwick Betweene Rottum Rottum and the castle which standeth upon the northwest point you may anckor at thirteene fathome and there you lye safe against a northeast winde You may also anckor under the castle at eighteene or twentie fathome but the nearer to the land the fouler ground Under the northwest point before Santwick there also it is good anckoring for a southwest winde and you may goe boldly neare to the point From the northwest point to the other point the land reacheth eastsoutheast and westnorthwest On the east side of Borneholme it is good anckoring before Swanex and Nex Suanex Nex but by Nex it is not verie
faire By Nex there shooteth off a Sand from the land which on both sides is shoring but at tenne fathome you can not miscarie there lyeth also a rock north from Nex If you will anckor before Nex you must set the flat steeple which standeth above Nex betweene west and west by south from you and let the north point be north and by west and the south point southsouthwest from you there it is about two-and twentie fathome deepe and it is there faire sand-ground for in manie places it is nothing but stonie and gravelie ground there you lye safe against a southwest winde From the southeast point of Borneholme to Ertholmes Eertsholmes it is north and by east five leagues but from the northwest point to Ertholmes it is eastnortheast four leagues In the Ertholmes it is a faire haven but because it is not used it is unknowne Thus Borneholme sheweth when you come out of the west When Eertsholmes is northnortheast from you it sheweth thus When Eertsholme is east from you it sheweth thus VII At what reaching and distance these places aforesaid are distant each from other FRom the North ende of Langheland to the South ende the course is south 8 leagues From the South ende of Langheland to Femeren southeast and by east 7 or 8 leagues From Femeren to Gester sand e. and by n. 9 leagues From Gester sand to Meun n. n. e. 8 leagues From Gester to Meun northeast 7 leagues From Meun to Steden northwest and by north 4 leagues From Meun to Falsterboen n. and by e. 5 leagues From the Iland of Areu to the Roen e. and by s 3 leagues From Roen to Arr or Copingh s e. and by e. 5 leagues From Arr to the south ende of Langheland southeast by east and somewhat easterlyer 4 leagues From Areu to Apenrade s s w. 5 leagues From the River of Apenrade to the Strait of Sonderborgh east more then 2 leagues From Sonderburgh to the Sleye s e. and by e. 4 leagues From the Sley to the Kiel southeast 4 leagues From Kiel to Femeren east and by north 8 leagues From Femeren to the Trave of Lubeck s s w. 9 or 10 leagues From the Trave of Lubeck to Wismer haven first northeast and by north and then eastnortheast 9 leagues From Rostock to Robbenesse northeast 5 leagues From Robbenesse to Thornebush n. e. and by e. 7 leagues From Thornebush to Witmont n. e. and by e. 4 leagues From Witmont to Iasmont eastsoutheast 2 leagues From Iasmont to the Peert s s e. 3 leagues From Iasmont to Camin eastsoutheast 19 leagues From the Poolsche sand on the Iland of Aelst to Femeren eastsoutheast 13 or 14 leagues From Femeren to Wismar deepe south and by east 7 leagues From Femeren to Rostock e. s e. 8 or 9 leagues From the Trave of Lubeck to Gestir sand the course is northeast and southwest about 19 leagues From Wismar to Gestir sand n. n. e. 12 or 13 leagues From Rostock to Gestir sand north 7 or 8 leagues From Gestir sand to Dornebosch east 9 leagues From Dornebosch to Meun northwest 9 leagues From Dornebusch to Bornholme northeast and northeast and by east 16 leagues From Witmond to Borneholme northeast 13 leagues From the Newe deepe to Borneholme north and by east 16 or 17 leagues From Meun to Borneholme east 19 leagues From Steden to the north ende of Borneholme is the course east and by north 20 leagues From Valsterboen or from the sand north from Borneholme about the course is east and by north 19 leagues From Valsterbon or from the sand south from Borneholme a-about the course is east and by south 21 leagues From Valsterbon to Iasmont southeast 16 or 17 leagues How all the rest of the points and Ilands in the east Sea are distant from Borneholme that shall you finde described in the next Chapter following Heere followeth the Carde N. 25. CHAPTER VI. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Pomerland and Prusia from Colberghen to Memle I. The situation betweene Colberghen and Righshooft .. THe Newe deepe and Colberghen as I said in the former Chapter lye distant east and north and eastnortheast sixteene or seventeene leagues You must sayle into the Haven of Colberghen Colberghen betweene two Heads close before the towne Within the River of Colberghen right over against the towne there lyeth a Pit or Well which yeeldeth salt to all the Countreyes there abouts but they must seeth it yet the water of the River is as fresh as milk for it is an out-water The Coast of Pomerland reacheth from Colberghen to Garshooft Garshooft northeast and by north about thirteene leagues but betweene them both there lye two Havens called Coslyn and Ruwold The haven of Coslyn lyeth distant from Colberghen northeast four leagues And from Coslyn Coslyn to Ruwold the course is northnortheast five leagues In Ruwold Ruwold Haven or in the River called Wipper a good shippe may well goe in for there come manie Craers out From Ruwold to Garshooft it is northnortheast four leagues The land from Garshooft to Righshooft reacheth eastnortheast nineteene or twentie leagues betweene them there lye the Havens of Stolp Lyba and Sernevises Right east from Garshooft lyeth Stolp Stolp haven which is a River called by the name of the towne which runneth unto the said towne it is a River for small shippes although some reasonable great shippes lade there From Garshooft to Reefcole it is all white strand lying distant east four leagues Reefcol is a high round Hill whereby you knowe the land when you goe from Borneholme From Reefcol to Lyba it is seven leagues Lyba lyeth upon a great River called the Osse From Lyba Lyba to Sernevisse or Sernesse it is five leagues Betweene them both there lye the three Wolsackes Wolsackes which are three black stumpes of trees by the which this Land is well knowne and right east from those three hillockes there lyeth a long Hill which when you come out of the west and are at the west ende of it sheweth as if it were divided into three or four hillocks After that followeth the high land of Righshooft which is verie shoring on the water side Betweene Righshooft and Reefcol it is a white strand and for the most part full of trees Sernesse or Sernevisse Sernevisse is a towne lying upon an out-water which with a River ruÌ„neth into the Sea but within it divideth it self into a great water From Sernevesse to Righshooft it is four leagues You may sound about Righshooft Righshooft sufficiently at fiveteene or twentie fathome You may also anckor under Righshooft for there it is better ground then under Heel All Pomerland along by the Sea-coast sheweth black with trees that stand upon it Thus the land of Pomerland sheweth betweene Colsberghen and the Stolp when you sayle along by it two leagues from the land Pascaâ—â—van een deel der Oost â—â—sschen
fathome deepe soft ground Betweene Ostergarde and Houborch you have a banck of four-and-twentie fathome it is great redde sand then you can not see the land out of the toppe of the mast And eastward also you have a banck there of fourteene fathome deepe it is graye and white sand when you are over it then you finde no ground at fortie fathome When Houborch is northnortheast seven leagues from you there it is fiveteene fathome deepe stonie ground And when you goe from thence northeast three leagues there it is twentie fathome great stonie ground If you will sayle from Borneholme to Ostergarde you must not spare your lead but still cast it out towards these bankes that you may make your account thereafter Betweene Gotland and Oeland it is uneven to sound the depth sometimes you have two-and-twentie and three-and-twentie fathome and sometimes nine-and-twentie fathome and all black grayish peeces of ground sometimes stones as great as pease which are black and earthly coloured When you are northwest and northwest and by north from Houborch almost three leagues from the land there you have great redde stonie Sand with blacke stones in it as bigge as beanes When Zuydernorden lyeth west from you three leagues there it is soft ground seven-and-twentie and nine-and-twentie fathome deepe And when the chappel upon Zuydernorden lyeth westnorthwest from you three leagues there it is thirtie and one-and-thirtie fathome deepe it is lymie soft ground When Zuydernorden lyeth northnorthwest and somewhat northerlyer from you and you are a league from the land there it is thirteene fathome deepe When you are past Zuydernorden and come against Derclippingh in the chanel there it is nine-and-thirtie fathome deepe and there it is slickie and soft ground If I should describe all the banckes which lye in the East-sea severally and perticularly by themselves they alone would conteyne a whole volume for that in manie places it is verie banckie and uneven for you shall come in no place but you shall finde banckes as betweene Houborch and Ostergarde between Zuydernorden and Gotland and betweene Oeland and Borneholme and likewise against Reefcol and Righshooft where you finde severall banckes and of unequall and severall depths Betweene Iasmont and Borneholme you finde banckes of seven tenne fiveteene and twentie fathome as in their places it is partly shewed also on Righsche bodem it is full of banckes of fiveteene twentie and five-and-twentie fathome The deepest water of the East-sea is about fortie fathome Thus much I thought good to place here that no man by reason of such banckes should erre and goe out of the waie VI. How these Places lye distant from each other HOw the Haven of Stockholme reacheth in from point to point and all the Ilands and rockes thereabouts it is alreadie described at large From Landsoort or the point of the haven of Stockholme to the rock Hartshals westsouthwest 3 leagues From Hartshals to the River of Sticborch the course is w. n. w. From Landsoort to Smaland west 5 leagues From Smaland to the haven of Silbuy south and by west distant 15 or 16 leagues From Landsoort to the haven of Silbuy southwest by south 19 leagues From Silbuy to Schelsuyr the course is northnorthwest distant 7 leagues From Landsoort to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe southsouthwest 24 leagues From the Outscharres or rocks of Silbuy to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe south and south and by east 8 leagues From the Sweathland Ionckvrouwe to Carelsoo east and east and by north 11 or 12 leagues From Carelsoo to Wisbuy northeast 6 or 7 leagues From Carelsoo to Gotland sand northeast and northeast and by north 21 leagues From Gotland sand to the Haven of Stockholme west and by north 16 leagues From Gotland sand to Farosand or the northende of Gotland south and by west and southsouthwest 4 or 5 leagues From Faro sand to Ostergarde south and by west 7 leagues From Ostergarde to Houborch southwest and southwest and by south 12 or 13 leagues From the south ende of Gotland to the northende of Oeland westnorthwest 10 or 11 leagues From the Sweathland Ionckvrouwe to the rockes of Calmer southsouthwest 11 leagues From Calmersond to Derclippingh south and by east distant 12 or 13 leagues From Derclipping to Malqueren west and west and by north 5 leagues From Derclipping to Ahuys west and west and by south distant 10 or 11 leagues From Derclipping to Hanno s w. and by w. 10 leagues From Ahuys to Hanno southeast 5 leagues From Hanno to the north ende of Borneholme south and by east 11 or 12 leagues From the north ende of Borneholme to the tonne at Valsterboen sand west and by south 19 leagues From Stockholme skarres or rocks to the north ende of Oeland south and by west 22 leagues From the haven of Stockholme to Carelsoo south 21 leagues From the south ende of Gotland to Zuydernorden the southende of Oeland s w. somewhat westerlyer 23 or 24 leag From the south ende of Oeland to Derclipping w. s w. 8 leag From Derclipping to the northende of Borneholme northnortheast 19 leagues From Ostergarde to Borneholme southwest and somewhat southerlyer 63 or 64 leagues From Houborch to Borneholme southwest and somewhat southerlyer 51 leagues From the south ende of Oeland to the south ende of Borneholme southsouthwest 26 leagues But to the northwest ende it is s w. and by s 25 leagues VII How these Lands are situate from other Lands FRom Gotland sand to Boechscharre north and by east 20 or 21 leagues From Carelsoo to Boechscharre n. n. e. 40 leagues From Gotland sand to the south point of Alants Haf north north and by east 19 or 20 leagues From Gotland sand to Dageroort n. e. and by e. 26 leagues From Gotland sand to Derwinda s e. by e. 31 or 32 leagues From Ostergarde to Dageroort northeast and northeast and by north 38. leagues From Ostergarde to Derwinda east 29 leagues From Ostergarde to Conincxberghen deepe southsoutheast 48 leagues From Ostergarde to Righshooft south and north 45 leagues From Houborch to Hondsoort northeast 47 leagues From Houborch to Luseroort east and by north and somewhat northerlyer 40 leagues From Houborch to Derwinda east and by north 38 leagues From Houborch to Memle eastsoutheast 38 leagues From Houborch to Conincxberghen southeast and by south 48 leagues From Houborch to Righshooft south and by east 34 leagues From the south ende of Oeland called Suydernorden to Sevenberghen east and somewhat northerlyer 48 leagues From Suyder Norden to Memle east 48 leagues From Suyder Norden to Righshooft northwest 34 leagues How all the points of the East Sea are distant and lye in length and bredth from Borneholme you finde it at large described in the sixth Chapter Heere followeth the Carde N. 29. Pascaarte van't Schagher rack vertoonende van Schaghen en̄ Maesterlandt af door de Soudt tot om Valsterboen toe alle de gelegenthent der Zeecusten van't Lant van Noor doosten Halant Schoonen en Zeelant
it is west and by north four leagues betweene them both lyeth Graswick When you saile into it then you leave the sharpe point on baghborde Graswick and within there lyeth a round rock there is good anckor ground you may goe about on both sides of this rock North from this rock there lyeth a great Creeke where shippes lye in for the winde and within also there lyeth a round rock runne along by the west side which first reacheth in north and about the Iland northnorthwest leave the Iland on starreborde and then goe in northnorthwest by the west side Behinde the Sisters lyeth Elsange Elsange when you come from Farder then you runne through within the rockes which lye within the Sisters till you be against the land then you see a great graye rock which you must leave on baghborde and the small rockes that lye there within on starborde then goe about by the west side of the land and then you shall see the haven open which is narrowe but within it is flatte water and soft ground North from Elsanghe lyeth the point of Roge Roge. at the east ende of Roge you may anckor there it is a smooth strand and you may goe through betweene Roge and the Calf But if you will be under Fleto then goe through betweene the two small rockes The point of Roge lyeth distant from the Iland Farder northnortheast five leagues From the Sisters to the Iland Bast it is northwest five leagues Bast But Farder and Bast are distant north and by west and south by east also five leagues From Bast to the Soenwater it is north and by east northnortheast four leagues betweene them both lyeth a foule point Markenboet Asko Lousond Soenwater and south from Bast lyeth Markenboet and south from it lyeth Asko which is a creeke and north from Asko lyeth Lousond From Farder to Soenwater it is north When you sayle from Farder or Bast to Soenwater there lyeth a redde point betweene Soenwater and Coperwick but if you will put into Coperwick you must turne up westward Coperwick when you are within the Lammeren there standeth a church on the west land there is the lading place you may sayle further upward to Brakenesse Holmson and on the north side Holmsond lyeth Soenwater reacheth in for the most part north upon it there lye manie havens and lading places Mossond most on the right side as you come in first Mossond which goeth up eastward Wickste Schiphil then Wickste behinde an Iland it is a creeke then Schiphill which also is a Sand-baye but it is a good rode It goeth up northward to Anslo Ansloe then it runneth southward into the Bodem Upon the coast betweene Masterland and Farder it is all over for the most part good ancker ground at five-and-thirtie and fortie fathome Thus the Land of Northeast sheweth it self betweene Masterland and Zuyderwicxholme being four leagues from it as you sayle along by it Distlebergh Langhebergh Britto II. The situation betweene Farder and Langhesond VVest from the Iland of Farder there lyeth a towne in a great Creeke called Tonsberghen Tonsberghen From Farder to Larwick the course is westsouthwest four leagues Larwick is a great broad River wherein there are manie lading places and Creekes Larwick where you may ancker From the east point of Larewick there runneth a rowe of rocks which reach southeast and by south a good waie into the Sea which you must shunne for they runne almost over half the Creeke the rockes are called the Larewicsche Swynen within it it is flatte shallowe water so that farre there within it no great ships can lye aflote the havens of Larewick are all firrwood havens Stavange On the west side of Larewick Stavange lyeth which are rockes there you may sayle in on both sides A league west from Stavange lyeth the Nesse which is the east point of Langesond From Farder to Langesond it is westsouthwest eight leagues Langesond Langesond is one of the fairest havens of all Norwaie before old Langesond there lyeth a high round rock whereon there standeth a great round mast or beacon to knowe Langesond by Conincxhaven or the River of Langesond goeth northnorthwest in by a rough rugged point Conincxhaven and then you goe in east from the Baerse Baerse which lyeth off from the aforesaid rugged point within that haven it is thirtie fathome deepe when you sayle in keepe in the middle of the water and ancker in Conincx-haven at eight-and-twentie or thirtie fathome If you will goe into the Nesse The Nesse then sayle betweene the great rock whereon the mast standeth and the land of Old Langesond leaving the said rock on starreborde and sayle so about the rugged point into the Nesse The Nesse lyeth behinde a Cingle strand you lye under a rowe of Rockes like redde sand there lye some small rockes against this Cingle there it is wide and broade Strand like a girdle and a good haven to come into there it is four-and-twentie and five-and-twentie fathome deepe Thus the land east from Langesond sheweth being five leagues from you when you come out of the west III. The situation of the Havens and Rivers betweene Langesond and Maerdou FRom Langesond to Iofferland the course is southsouthwest a great league IofferlaÌ„d Aberfort betweene them both lyeth Abbefoert and Ostkiel and east from the out-rock of Iofferland you may goe into the two havens Ostkiel From the northerlyest rockes of Iofferland to Abbefort the course is northnorthwest and north-and by west a league and to Ostkiel is the course also northwest a league When you come out of the south you may goe within Iofferland through to Ostkiel or Abbefoert you may also anckâ—r behinde Iofferland at fiveteene and twentie fathome West from Iofferland there lye Westkiel Santfort and Longen If you will goe into Westkiel Westkiel you must leave all the great rockes which lye off from Iofferland on starborde and so sayle upon the west ende of the haven leaving all the small rockes of Santfort on baghborde and sayle in northnorthwest till you be about the west point then turne up northwest On the north side of the Ilands which lye within the haven there is a ditch or falling water where you may ancker at twentie or five-and-twentie fathome Santfort Santfort lyeth a league west from Westkiel if you will sayle into Sandfort leave all the small rockes on starborde and so goe along by the land till you be within the Longholmes which remaine on baghborde goe right into the Wike This is a faire haven and you may goe from the east into it A banck by Santfort Against Santfort there lyeth a banck into the Sea which in some places is no deeper then three or four fathome and it endeth at Westkiel Longhen A great league west from Sandvort lyeth Longhen there lyeth a round
there you may ancker about the middle waie from the Iland at tenne or twelve fathome before a Sandbaye against the castle there it is good ancker ground But if you will goe out againe at the north chanel then sayle nearer to the rock whereon the gallowes stand then to the Iland for there against it it is somewhat foule on the Iland of Warhouse and the chanel reacheth out most part northward The Iland of Warhouse is about half a league long and there lye also two small Ilands more close by to seaward From Warhouse to the point of Kegro Fishers Iland or Kogor or the fishermens Iland it is eastsoutheast and southeast and by south eleven or twelve leagues When you are against the point of Kegro then you may see the land of Warhouse from belowe You may ancker under the point of Kegro but it is no faire rode for great shippes for there it is not deepe Betweene Warhouse and Kegro there is a great Creeke therein lyeth the river of Pitsingh Pitsingh where there is fishing for salmons Southsouthwest from the point of Kegro or Oosterhaven there lye two Ilands there southward you may goe into Monick river Monickfoert Frō the point of Kegro or Kegor to Laus Laus the course is along by the land southeast and southeast and by south about nine leagues it is a faire sandbaye behinde the point and a litle more towards Kegro there is a point like an Iland and upon the point of Laus there stand two great beacons or mastes From Laus to the river of Cola the course is south and by east and southsoutheast about eleven leagues Cola and Kilduyn But Kilduyn and Laus lye distant southeast somewhat southerlyer and northwest and somewhat northerlyer Thus Matcorf sheweth when it is crosse from you three leagues Thus North Kyne sheweth when you sayle by it Tannebaye Thus the land east from Tannebay sheweth when comming out of the west you sale along by it three leagues from the land Tannebaye Kyne Thus the Iland of Warhouse sheweth when it lyeth three or four leagues southward from you Warhouse The land north from Warhouse Thus Kegro or the fishermens Iland sheweth when comming out of the west you sayle along by it II. How you may sayle up into the River of Cola and the situation of Kilduyn TO sayle up the River of Cola then goe from Laus or the south ende of the fishermens Ilands to the River southsoutheast and south and by east and goe about by the high land of Podenvolke then the river will showe verie wide open unto you When you are by the point of Laus then you may easily see the Iland of Kilduyn and the River of Kola or the land by it and betweene Laus and the River of Cola there is also a great Creeke and when you are within the mouth of the River first it reacheth in south and by west and then southsouthwest to the Iland which in the Carde of this River is marked with the Letter A and then sometimes southwest and by south by the Iland marked with the letter B to the Trane Iland then southwest and by west and sometimes about the point west and by south and then in west to Divles point there over against it lyeth the white stone which lyeth on the land and against it is good Rode from thence againe west and by south westsouthwest southwest and southsouthwest most part to Cola. When you are up within the River Rode in the river and will ancker there then keepe along by the west side and when you are a litle within there you shall see a litle small Iland lying close by the land from thence a litle further forward about the high point there is a bought or Creeke and in it there is a Sandbay where you may laye a shippe safe without ancker or cable it is a faire Sandbaye where you goe full in along by the north side it is five fathome and faire sandie ground and there you goe in betweene the two points but there lyeth a black rock in the narrowe waie betweene both the sides of the land which you must leave on starborde and within that rock it is drie two fathome deepe till you be against the strand there within it is faire greene fields Right without the baye there lye two Ilands whereof the uttermost or the easterlyest is the smallest where in sayling up Heere followeth the Carde N. 35. the River by these two Ilands you come in the middle waie betweene the Iland marked A there also is good rode on the west side there upon the high ground you shall see three beacons or mastes called the three Kinges against them there is a rode when you are a litle past the Iland marked with A then you can see the river no more open but it seemeth to be close and shutte up for then the Iland marked with A commeth under the high land on the east side Under the Iland marked with B there is also good Rode and faire sandie ground it is also good Rode under the Traen Iland Trane Iland and that is reckoned for half of the River to wete from the Mouth to Cola. When you are a litle past the Traen Iland where the letter C standeth then before you see a black bluish hill called the Divels hill Divels hil and it seemeth from thence forth as if the River were close and shutte up on the starborde side it is best sayling along for there you have good ground most part along close by the land there are manie bougths hookes and Creekes which can not all be described on the other side men use not so commonly to goe unlesse it be by default and there are as it seemeth manie bayes and rivers and also some by-rivers Now when you are past the Divels hill where the letter D standeth past the white stone then you may see Clinck hill Clinckhil on the west side and almost along to Cola. When you may see Clinck hill there is ground all along by the west side to ancker and then it is not foule on neither side but when you come in so farre to the place which is marked with the letter E there you must somewhat shunne the west side because of a foule place which there shooteth off from the land and keepe in the middle of the water till you be against Clinckhill there you must goe close to the land againe for in the middle of the river there lyeth an Iland of rockes which at high water are covered you must look well unto it from Clinckhill to Robben Iland Robben Iland sayle all along by the west side Robben Iland also is covered at high water and when it is covered then ancker under the dryed trees Against Robben Iland there lyeth a verie great stone at the foote of the hill look well unto it there and goe without it or north
Staffe that is next to your eye the computation going backward from the other end of the Staffe for otherwise if you reckon by those numbers that proceed forward from the end next your eye then it will showe you how many degrees the Sone or Starre standeth from the Zenith or Head-point to the Horizon as you may see by the figure enseuing CHAP. XIII How you must make a perfect Crosse-staffe and how you shall marke it THe Crosse-staves are often tymes made the one after the other by imitation or patterns and that many times without judgment or knowledge whether the patterne be good or not whereof notwithstanding a man ought to be verie certaine for it is a matter of great importance and therefore I have here set downe two severall wayes easie to be understood how to make the same exquisitely and perfectly upon good reason and good ground Behold in the page following the Figure with the description thereof Make an even smoth borde and past good paper upon it then darwe a straight line upon one edge or side thereof as you see in this figure a line marked C A D then make another line as you se it marcked B C that B C A be a right just half square then take a good pare of Compasses and set one foot thereof in the Angle marked C and compasse therewith as you see B E A so that A E B may be a right quadrant or fourth-part of a circle then devide it into two partes to E and then devide the other half which is A E into 90 partes or degrees as thus first devide it into three partes and then devide each third-part againe into three then it will be devided into 9 partes which donne devide each of them into two partes and those Devisions or partes devide into five partes and then it wil be devided into 90 partes then take a straight line and lay the one end thereof upon the Center C so forth upon everie severall point which you have devided in the Quadrant and then drawe lines from the Center C through al the aforesaid pointes as long as the bord will containe them as you may see in this figure which dōne then your Instrument is fully made prepared to marke your Staves therupon Which to doe with your Compasses take just the half length of your Crosse and sett the one foot thereof in the Center C put the other at F and doe the like from D right to G which two pointes or prickes drawe with a straight line unto each other as you see the line F and G and then marke where the line F G is cut through by the lines that come out of the Center through the degrees or pointes of the quadrant for those cuttinges through shew upon the said line the right marking of your Crosse-staffe that is you must marke your Staffe just as you see that these lines in F G are marked by the lines that come out of the Center and passe through it whether the Crosse be long or short you must followe the same order that you be taught as in the Figure the line H I is drawne for a shorter Crosse then the former and K L for one that is shorter then that viz. whose half is just as long as the line C K. The second manner of framing your Crosse-staffe much excelleth the first in perfectnes and curiositie so you devide it perfectly with your Compasse which is donne in this manner Upon an hard evē board which is pasted with paper draw a straight line as long as your Staffe is and with your Compasse take the just half of the length of your Crosse whereunto you meane to marke your Staffe and prick it as many tymes along in the sayd line as you can and devide each of the sayd lengthes into tenne-thousand equale partes then look upon the table hereafter enseuing which shewe you how many of those pointes or parts you shall marke for each degree and that you must doe in manner following from the end of the Staffe which you will make the eye-end prick just the half length of the Crosse and there make a crosse stroake from whence prick for everie degree so many of the aforesaid partes as the table enseuing showeth you As for example for the first degree prick 178 partes for the second 355 partes for the third 538 partes for the fourth 724 partes and so forth Remembring that you must prick all the lengths of prickes or partes aforesayd from the aforesaid Crosse stroke which is marked upon the half length of the Crosse but if you can not devide the half length of the Crosse into tenne-thou-sand partes then devide the whole Crosse so and then take for everie degree half so manye as the table sheweth unto you and if you can not doe so devide half the Crosse into a thousand partes and then leave the two hinder letters of the table out as where you should for the first degree take an hundred-seventie-and-eight partes take but 17 partes leaving the last figure out but if your Crosses be so smale that you can devide the half of them into no smaller then an hundred partes then leave out the two last figures in the table But you must understand that the more partes that you devide the Crosses into your markes will fall out so much the better and perfecter de partes 1 176 2 355 3 538 4 724 5 913 6 1106 7 1303 8 1504 9 1708 10 1918 11 2131 12 2349 13 2572 14 2799 15 3032 16 3270 17 3514 18 3764 19 4019 20 4281 21 4550 22 4826 23 5108 24 5399 25 5697 26 6003 27 6318 28 6643 29 6976 30 7320 31 7675 32 8040 33 8418 34 8807 35 9210 36 9626 37 10057 38 10503 39 10965 40 11445 41 11943 42 12460 43 12998 44 13558 45 14142 46 14751 47 15386 48 16051 49 16746 50 17475 51 18293 52 19042 53 19887 54 20777 55 21716 56 22708 57 23759 58 24874 59 26059 60 27321 61 28667 62 30108 63 31653 64 33315 65 35107 66 37046 67 39152 68 41445 69 43955 70 46713 71 49758 72 53137 73 56912 74 61154 75 65958 76 71445 77 77769 78 85144 79 93854 80 104301 81 117062 82 133007 83 153499 84 180811 85 219038 86 276362 87 371885 88 561810 89 1135891 90 endlesse CHAP. XIIII Of the cutting of the Crosse-staffe and how a man may help and prevent all the defects of the staffe THere being a Crosse-staffe well and exquisitely framed according to the doctrine of the former chapter it falleth out that certayne ignorant persons cutt off a peece from the eye-end of the Staffe about a degree or a degree an half or two degrees long and can give no other reason of that their doing but that it must be so and that they have experience that it ought so to be But questionlesse seeing they prove by their experience that they do not finde their
measuring with uncutt Staves perfect and right as it should be the fault thereof is not in the Crosse-staves uncutt but in themselves for that they knowe not how to use the Staffe aright nor understand not the true ground thereof Others that will seeme wiser then the former give a reason thereof to wit that the Staffe must be cutte because of the hollownes of the eye for that otherwise the Staff cannot come to stand so that the end thereof be conjoyned to the middle point or center of the eye or sight this reason hath some showe of truth but notwithstanding is alike untrue erroneus for the Staffe may verie well be sett either on the innermost or outtermost corner of the eye so that the sight of the eye may fall to answer just to the end of the Staffe that this is truth we will prove with good reason as followeth Sette the great Crosse with the middlemost upon like degrees to witte each upon such as for that purpose are marked upon the Staffe then applie the Staffe the Crosses so firmely remayning unto your eye in such manner whether it be on the innermost or uttermost corner it is all one as that you discerne the endes of the Crosses both above beneath just over each other in forme as this figure specifieth If then you drawe straight lines by the endes of the Crosses A B and D C they shall meete just in the middle point of your sight And inasmuch as the Crosses are placed upon like degrees the lines aforesaid shall meet just upon the end of the Staffe seeing that that end of the Staffe representeth the center of the quadrant whereby your staffe is marked So then the foresaid lines or endes of the Crosses answer both just upon the ende of the Staffe and also upon the sight so that it followeth necessarily and appeareth evidently that the ende of the Staffe the sight meet in one or to speak properly both of them stand just in the center of the quadrant Therefore whensoever with the Crosse-staffe you wil take the height of the Sonne or of any Starre then observe diligently how many degrees it is elevated above the Horizon and place the two Crosses upon so many degrees then applie the Staffe to your eye in such manner as that you may see the endes of the Crosses just over each other according as is taught before in such forme then as you finde the Staffe to stand to your eye shall you place the Staffe taking away one of the Crosses when you desire to measure according to such height this is a sure rule which will never faile neither can you possibly misse if you follow it CHAP. XV. Of the breadth of the Landes THe breadth of Landes or Countries is no other then the distance or widenes that is betweene the said Landes and the Equinoctiall Line which is reckoned in a double manner that is northerly and southerly to the number of 90. Such Lands or Countries as lye right under the Equinoctiall Line have no breadth but such as lye northward from it have northerly breadth and they that lye southerly have southerly breadth Example The Iland of S. Thomas in the River Gaban in Guinea lyeth right under the Line and therefore hath no breadth neither northerly nor southerly The Cap S. Vincent in Spaine lyeth northward from the Line 37 degrees and therefore the northern breadth of Cap S. Vincent is 37 degrees The point of Lezaret in England lyeth northward from the Line 50 degrees therefore the north breadth of Lezaret is 50 degrees The Cap de bona Esperance lyeth southward from the Line 34½ degrees therefore the southerly breadth of Cap de bona Esperance is 34 1 ◠degrees In like manner you must understand and reckon other Landes Countryes and Townes CHAP. XVI Of the height of Landes and Countries and what it is THe height and breadth of Landes Countries although that in them selves they are divers thinges yet they are alwaies one like unto the other Any Countrie being situated under the breadth of 30 degrees lyeth also in the heigth 30 degrees which by Sea-faring men is taken without difference but what it is or what it hath in it or signifieth fewe men understand and yet it behoveth a Sea-faring man that seeketh for the height of any Countries to be expert therein for that no man without it can well understand how any Instrument whether it be Astralabium or Crosse-staffe no nor the Sea-compasse it self should wel be used for that these things are al built upon one foundation like a chaine hang one upon the other But it may be that some man will object and say that there are many Pilots which do not well understand such things and yet are able to goe directly unto divers places whither they desire to sayle which I confesse to be true but tell me how many times are they deceived how manie times are they in great doubt and fear and how seldome dare they trust unto the height which they have taken or reckoned whē they are to seek out any countrie there by how often tymes hath it heretofore happened that for want of such knowledge ships have sayled out of their way either behinde England or upon France which thought to passe through the chanell between England and France and that in so short and well knowne and common sayled water as to come out of Spaine or France what would such men doe if they should passe the Line and were to seeke or finde out certaine Ilands or that after they had sayled up and downe the Seaes certaine moneths together should then seek out for Lande but I am of this opinion which I knowe everie man will grant that it is much better and more assured to goe a way being guided by his owne eye-sight then like a blinde man to be led by another and knoweth not whether that other seeth well or not but to come againe to our matter touching the height of Countries it is no other but the height of the Pole above the Horizon that is to say so many degrees as the Pole in any Land is lifted up above the Horizō so much is the height of such a Countrie and this height agreeth alwaies with the breadth as aforesaid In the 10 chapter it is shewed that wheresoever a man goeth or turneth alwaies the one half of the Heavens sheweth it self above the Horizon and the other half is hidden from us in the first Chapter it is said that the two Poles stand right one against the other whereby it is evidently to be understood that whensoever a man being upon the earth is right under the Equinoctiall Line that then both the Poles of the World lye right in the Horizon one in the south and the other in the north as much as a man travaileth northward from the Equinoctiall Line and winneth breadth northerly so much the north Pole riseth above the Horizon and
Steeple of Zuyderwou commeth even with Kinnigherbuert which are the houses that stand half way between Schyteldoecks haven Diergerdam then goe eastward to the Land untill the New church of Amsterdam joynes with Diergerdam keepe the New-church standing so until the church of Weesp is even with the house of Muyen Markes of the deepest water of Pampus if that the church of Muyen standeth nearer then the house kepe Weesp standing so until you see Edam without the east ende of Marcken In this chanel it is almost a foot deeper then if you sayle right through But to shunne Muyer-sand Mariners were woont to bring the houses that were woont to stand upon Tyort southward of the Heyliger-stee of Amsterdam there by a man may make some gesse Markes of Muydersand and they are good long-markes but when Monnikedam is about the west ende of Schiteldoecks haven and the house of Muyen between Weesp and Muyen church then you are against Muydersand But to sayle right through over Pampus you must keepe Diemer steeple above or against the point of Tyort as long as you may see Tyort for that is a right longmarke to sayle over Pampus When you are right against the east ende of Marken then you must goe northeast and somewhat more easterly to the fall of Urck which is almost seven leagues from thence but when you come within a league of Urck then you come to a hard sand called Houtrib which stretcheth southeast and northwest crosse over the water which hath no moore water upon it then is upon the flattes of Wieringen or Vriesland so that you can finde no deeper water upon it then right through Markes of the Houtrib When Enchuysen is northwest northwest-by-west from you then you are upon the Houtrib when Urck lyeth more northerly then northeast from you that you finde Sand that is certainly the Houtrib for you can not sayle so by Enchuysen sand you are not at Enchuysen sand before that Urck church is southward of the buert of houses that stand upon Urck or when the walles of the old church stand right against the middle of the buert then you are about Enchuysen sand Markes of Enchuysen sand then sayle northwest by west til Medenblick commeth without the point of Ven then goe west-north-west to the tonne upon Hofstede Betweene Urck and the Hofstede tonne there lyeth a flatt of hard sand reaching to the ende of Enchuysen sand The flatto betweene Vrck and Hofstede which is no deeper then the Vries-flatt eastward about is the deepest water on the west side which by some men is called Cat-gat you are sooner about the High-horne or Enchuysen sand and it is good for ships that goe not deep when Enchuysen steeple is southwest or more westerly from you then you are upon the flatte The Crosse-markes of the tonnes both upon the Creupel Hofstede are Grootebroeck and Hem Markes of the tonnes betweene Hofstede and the Cripple which are two sharp steeples comming right over against each other then also if a sharp steeple called Warnes cōmeth on the south-side of Stavern clif then you have the length of these tonnes which lye both at 3 fathome the one upon the east banck the other upon the point of the Creupel the right chanel is here 4 fathomes and an half soft ground Markes of Cripple-sand When the steeple of Medenblick is northward of Medenblick howse as farr as the breadth of the house then you have gone by and past Creupel sand then goe to the tonne that lyeth by Kreil north-west north-west-by-north as the winde the streame is the right Chanel here is scarse 5 fathome But when you come against the Kreil in sayling out or about the Kreil sayling in there lyeth right within the Kreil on the north side a hard sand or flatte called South-Kreil which reacheth along towards the tonne at the Hofstede there at a lowe water it is but 9 foot deep but between this banck the north wal it is 3 fathome deepe soft ground and south or west it is 4 fathome and an half deepe Markes of the flattes betweene the Kreil the Hofstede The markes of this flatt are when Mirnes a flat steeple in Friesland is right over a long Land-house which standeth southward from Stavern church then you are right against the said flatt But the markes of the tonne that lyeth before Kreil are tehse when the sharp steeple of Twisch which standeth westward from Memelick is right against the Corne-mill that standeth westward from Memelick Markes of the ton at the Creil and when the flatte Steeple of Mirnes is against the south side or east side of the Clif then you are at the tonne which lyeth at the Kreil and the Chanell is there 4 fathome and an half and 5 fathome soft ground But the tōne lyeth upon 4 fathome and when necessitie compelleth you you may sayle a cables length eastward about then from the tonne at the Kreil to the tonne at the Freese Plact the course is north and by east when Twisck is right north from Memelick then keepe the steeple standing so as long as you can see it so you shall not sayle upon any shallowes betweene the Plaet and the Kreil Betweene the tonne at the Kreil and the Freese Plaet on the west shore there lyeth a hard sand called Monicksand Monicsād which you may shunne well when you are some what out of the way but when you are about the Kreil then you must goe north by east right through over the point of Breesand to the tonne lying west from Worcum with a ship that draweth not much water but the right Chanell is deeper as followeth If you sayle with a ship that draweth much water over the Frees-flatte then set the flat steeple of Pandraghen standing west of Worcum so Markes of the ton at the Frees-plaet that it may stād west from the houses that lye westward from Worcum that is a good Long-marke for the tonne that lyeth at the Frees-Plaet If you have a ship that draweth much water then goe eastward of the tonne about the Freese Plate for there is more water then westward When Warnes Mirnes are right over against each other northward from Stavern then you have the length of this tonne and when you are past this tonne then goe north-north-east so long till Pandraghen commeth betweene the buert of houses and Voorwold if then the Cliffe standeth right upon Stavern there you have the deepest water upon the dryest place of the flatte Deepest water at the Vlack then goe some what more northerly to the tonne that lyeth at the bought for eastward of this tōne it is al flatt water to Freesland The Long-marks of this Tōne at the bought are Markes of the tonne at the bocht when Pandraghen is right against Voorwolde which is a steeple that stādeth westward from Worcum on the water
are past the white tonne then againe it is deeper as three four and against the black tonne at Speckhooke five fathome at lowe water the south wall betweene both is flatte so that you may cast out the lead and sound it the white tonne aforesaid lyeth upon the south ende of Peters sand when you sayle out you must leave it on baghborde and the black tonne on starreborde a man with a ship that is something flatte bottomed may sayle a litle northward from the white tonne over the aforesaid point of Peters sand with twelve foot deepe lowe water and a litle northerly from the northerlyest white tonne of Speckhooke enter againe into the chanell From the black tonne at Speckhooke to the tonne at Hobbesand HobbesaÌ„d the course is north-north-west the right depth there betweene them both is five sixe seven eight nyne fathome The tonne lyeth upon the point of Hobbesand at five fathome deepe lowe water Right over against the tonne at Hobbesand lyeth the most northerly white tonne at Speckhooke The north white ton at Speckhooke you must leave the tonne at Hobbesand on starborde and the white tonne on baghborde on the west shore it is verie shoring and right north from the aforesaid white tonne on the west shore there lyeth a Flatte which at lowe water is cleane drie From the ton at Hobbesand to the tonne at Bos it is north-north-west â—nd that lyeth at five fathome at the ende of the Bos. The Bos. Thâ—â—â—ght depth betweene Hobbesand the Bos is tenne nyne eight fathome The west wall is verie shoring and you must not goe nearer then sixe fathome to the east wall specially with a foreflood for it would easily carrie you behinde the Bos. From the toÌ„ne at the Bos to the tonne at Feyhook Feyhook the course is n. n. w. That is a white ronne and it lyeth at the east ende upon the point of Peters sand at 3 fathome lowe water when you will goe out at the north chanell then you leave it on baghborde and then you must goe southward But to goe out at Bomekens chanel you must leave it on starreborde and against it Bomekens chanell is northwest it is there 7 or 8 fathome deepe lowe water and on the west wall lyeth Peters sand also a drie flatte north from the said drie flatte Slenck through Bomekens ground Right west-north-west from the tonne of Fayhooke there runneth a Slencke through Bomekens ground which at lowe water is about 12 foot deep but it is not marked or shewed The west ende of Bomekens chanell is verie shoring to the ende thereof but the east shore is flatte which may be sounded with the line northwarde from Feyehooke at 3 fathome and an half without any hurt Betweene Feyhooke and the uttermost tonne The uttermost ton in Bomekens chanell there lyeth two tonnes more From Feyhooke to the first of them it is north-north-west that lyeth on the east shore at 5 fathome from thence to the other or almost to the uttermost the course is north and by west and that lyeth in the middle of the chanell at 4 fathome and an half lowe water from thence to the uttermost tonne it is north-north east the uttermost tonne lyeth in the Sea at 10 fathome right without the point of the west land or of Bomekens ground betweene the uttermost tonne and the second tonne at the entrie of the chanell it is 3 fathome lowe water When you are at the uttermost tonne then the steeple of Brandaris the west cape of the Schellingh are one against the other and stand about south-east and some what more easterlie from you when you sayle out at that chanell that you come to the first tonne at Feyhooke you may goe out along by the cast land at 3 and 3 fathome and an half most part north-north-east leave the two uttermost tonnes a good way from you on baghbord for the east shore is altogether flat and good to be sounded with the lead TO sayle out at the north chanel To sayle out at the north chanel sayle just south to the toÌ„ne at Feyhooke n. and by east to the old Legger which lyeth on the south wall at 3 fathome the water is 4 fathome deepe Betweene the tonne at Feyhooke the Bos it is verie narrowe and the Bos is there verie shoring so that you cannot sound it all along to the old Legger where it is flatter so it may there be founded Petersand or the north wall also is verie shoring From the old Legger to the new Legger the course is northeast and by east east north east that lyeth also on the south shore at two fathome an half the right depth against it is 3 fathome and an half when you come to the newe Legger A Slenck through Petersand then Brandaris steeple lyeth south-south-east from you From the new Legger there runneth a Slencke crosse through Petersand north-north-west into the Sea upon the entrie at lowe water you have 12 foot deepe There standeth a cape upon the Schellingh a litle eastward by the cape of Bomekens chanel which is right against Brandaris when you come to the new legger and then it standeth with the steeple south-south-east from you you must hold the cape so right against Brandaris and then goe n.n.w. into the Sea It is a faire Slenck for flat bottomed shippes the west wal is shoring but the east side is flatte so that you may sound it wel But to goe out of the north chanel from the new Legger then the course from the new Legger to the second tonne froÌ„ without inward is east-north-east and that lyeth at the east ende of the Bos at 14 foot deep low water in the chanel right against it it is no deeper From thence to the uttermost toÌ„ne it is e. n. e. which lyeth in the Sea right without the east point of Petersand at 3 fathome when you are at it then the most northerly cape at the Schellingh is right against Brandaris and then they are s s w. from you then you are out of the chanel BUt to goe out of the Land-deepe from the Schellingh with ships that goe not very deepe To sayle out of the Land-deep of the Schelligh then goe betweene the toÌ„ne at Hobbesand and the tonne at Bos northeast to the northwest point of the Schellingh then sayle over the point of Ielmers Flat to 4 fathome and being over it is againe 6 and 5 fathome deepe then sayle close along by the strand of the Schellingh Ielmers Flatte for so you cannot doe amisse if you sayle not bluntly upon the shore The north shore or the Bos is fine and flatte which you may sound al along at 3 fathome or 2 fathome and an half when you come to the ende of the Bos that is right against the secoÌ„d tonne of the north chanel there it is flat and there is no more
the Mase then runne along by the land of the Briel at 4 fathome but goe no nearer unto it for in some places it is somewhat shoring How to go into the Goree chanel out of the north and when you are so farre southward that the steeple of Goree standeth south by east from you or somewhat more easterly then sayle right upon the Land of Goree and then also you shal sayle over the Flat aforesaid but when you are near the Land of Goree then beyond the Flat you enter into the deeper water then goe in forward along by the Mayeland of Goree as I said before and ankor where you will The Flat before spoken of is verie broad and stretcheth crosse over the chanell it is verie even and all of one depth The chanel of Goree is verie broad wide for when the steeple of Goree standeth betweene east and by south Markes of Goree gat or chanel and s by e. froÌ„ you then you may without al fear sayle to the foot-strand of Goree you must then still runne over the Flatte aforesaid and shall not finde lesse then three and three fathome an half water at lowe water and when you come to the foot-strand of Goree you shall have deeper water then goe in forward by the mayeland as aforesaid To knowe Goree laÌ„d The Land of Goree is known by the great flat steeple of Goree by a sharp litle steeple which standeth on the west ende called Outdorp further also you see the cape there whereof I spake before Thus the Land of Goree sheweth when it is about a league crossewise from you Goree Outdorp V. To sayle into the chanell of Brewers haven HE that desireth to sayle into Brewers haven he must understand that there are three bankes lying before the land which runne along by the strand the uttermost lyeth at least a kenning from the land which is called the Breebanck Breebanck upon it it is 7 fathome deepe but within it it is againe 19 fathome deepe The second lyeth nearer to the land upon the which it is five fathome deepe The Ooster SchelbaÌ„ck and within it 7 fathome water The third called the Schelbanck lyeth crosse before the mouth of the haven without the first tonne and upon it at lowe water it is 3 fathome water If you will sayle into the chanell of Brewers haven then set the two capes that stand upon the Land of Schouwen one right against the other and sayle upon them to the strand of Schouwen to four fathome water and when you have gotten to four fathome water then runne northeast in yet as winde streame serveth you there you shall finde the uttermost tonne which you must leave to seaward or on the baghborde sayle forward in that sort so long untill that Renesse standeth eastward of the blenck that is the high downe which lyeth on the west side of Bruwers haven then Goree will be right against Outdorp or almost one uppon the other keepe those markes in that sort until you have deeper water or that you have past the second tonne which as you enter in leave upon starborde when you wil keep in the depest water but you may sayle lower about And then if you will sayle to Brewers haven then set Bommene without the point of Ossesteert and sayle upon it to the foot strand of Schouwen for the sandes on baghborde are verie shoring you must not goe nearer unto them when you lavere then sixe fathome goe forward along by the strand to the head of the haven and there anckor there you shal have 8 9 fathome deepe the tonnes in Brewers havens chanell are layd against the Buysses goe out to Sea and taken in againe when they have done fishing When a man coÌ„meth out of the Sea To knowe the land of SchouweÌ„ the Land of Schouwen when you fall upon it sheweth to your sight with 3 or 4 high and long white downes which are called the Woolsackes that in the west is the highest and longest upon the land also you may see some churches with smale speres but on the south ende towards Sealand there is a high four square flat church Brewers haven hath a sharpe steeple and the land of Scouwen reacheth it self out further east then the other landes whereby also it is well to be knowne From the west ende of the Land of Schouwen there is a bad long Riffe at least two leagues and more into the Sea which is called the Banjaert The Banjaert from the uttermost ende of the Riffe to Botkil it is south-south-west and with such a course you can not misse it Thus the land of Schouwen sheweth when it lyeth about a league an half thartwise from you Brewers haven VI. How you shall sayle into the Veer-chanel or Haven TO sayle into the Veer-haven or gat so called in Dutch I counsell you not to enter into it before half flood be past for the latter ebbe the fore flood fall right crosse over the Banjaert into the Roompot to the land of Schouwen but when the flood is half spent then it runneth right into the Veer-haven a south and a north Moone make the highest water in Veerhaven and an east west Moone the lowest water therein but when the Moone is southeast or northwest then the water there is 2 thirdpartes flood How to sayle into Veer haveÌ„ comming out of the north If you will sayle into the Veer-haven comming out of the north then goe no nearer to the land of Schouwen or the Banjaert then seven fathome water for upon the Banjaert in some places it is not above 4 or 5 foot deepe and much dryer but beyond it it is 7 8 and 9 fathome soft ground sayle about it on the outside untill that Eastchappell is half a ships length eastward from Middleburgh sayle with those markes to Walcheren Markes to entâ—r the haven so long untill that the steeples of Westkerck and Coortgeen be right upon each other or that the steeple of Coortgeen standeth a bowe length southward of the flatte steeple of Westkerck sayle then upon it and you shall finde the first tonne but goe no nearer to the strand of Walcheren then 7 or 8 fathome water for if you doe you may chance to sayle behinde a point of land called the Onrust which commeth off from Walcheren You must also goe no nearer to the land of Schouwen or the Banjaert then 8 fathome water for it is verie steepe The first tonne lyeth at 8 fathome on the south strand when you come to the first tonne you may easily see the second so forth from the one to the other all the four tonnes must be left on starborde when you goe in and you must sayle close by them for on both sides it is verie steep and shoring when you are at the innermost then sayle to the Mayland and goe close along by it at three or four fathome if
you sayle not upon the heads you can not goe amisse upon the Dykes VII To sayle into the Botkill SteenbaÌ„ck TO sayle into the Botkill you must do it by day and take heede of Stonebanck which is a banck lying a league an half from the Land of Walcheren along in the Sea stretching to the Botkill The markes of this banck are these there standeth a steeple betweene Eastchappel Markes thereof and Westchappel called Domburgh now when the steeple of Middleburgh standeth just betweene Eastchappel Domburgh then you are at the eastende of this banck and when Middleburgh and Domburgh are one against the oâ—her then you are right over against the middle of that banck but when Westchappel is east-south-east from you or in a black valley in the downes then you are against the west ende of that banck If you will goe within or sayle eastward about that banck to enter into Botkill To sayle about on the east side of the SteenbaÌ„ck to Botkill then place Middleburgh steeple half way betweene Eastchappel Domburgh but let Eastchappell be nearest and so go towards the strand at 4 fathome and an half 5 5 fathome and an half and cast out your lead along by the wall but when you come betweene Domburgh and Westchappell there runneth a sand off from the Wall called the Cloots which take heede of therfore sayle south-south-west or south-west by south forward so long untill that Westchappel standeth southeast from you or in a black valley in the downes keepe it standing so untill that the two steeples of Eastchappel Domburgh be one against the other and hold the Mayland side at 4 and an half 5 and 6 fathome deepe And the two towres aforesaid that is Eastchappell S. Achten or Domburgh are a litle past each other then presently you finde deeper water that is 9 or 10 fathome then sayle southeast or southeast by south as the winde sâ—rves along the strand to Flushing But if you will sayle without or about on the west-side of the Stone banck to the Botkill To sayle on the west-side of the stone-baÌ„ck into the Botkill then runne so long about east or west as you see your waie untill that Westchappel be east-southeast from you and then Westchappel standeth in a black valley of the downes sayle so long â—owards it untill the steeples aforesaid of Eastchappel Domburgh are one somewhat past the other then as aforesaid you get deeper water then runne forward along by the land of Flushing the Sea-coast there lyeth southeast and southeast by south When you are against Souteland then ruÌ„ne close by the foot-strand A Flatte against Souteland for against Souteland there reacheth out a Flatte and you must sayle through betweene that Flatte and the strand and there it is not verie broad The land of Walcheren is a lowe plaine land to see to but upon it there standeth manie steeples which for the most part in times past were sharp steeples but at this time the most part of them are flatte Flushing hath a spier steeple but Westchappel hath a high flatte steeple From Flushing to Westchappel it is three leagues and betweene both there lyeth manie rough downes the land betweene them reacheth northwest and by north Next to Flushing standeth Koukerck which is a sharpe steeple but next to Westchappel standeth Souteland which is a flattish steeple When you are in the Deurloy then Westchappel standeth bare without downes FroÌ„ Westchappel to Domburgh it is a league that also is a sharp steeple and standeth next the strand a quarter of a league eastward standeth Eastchappel which is a flat steeple About a league eastward from the Hacken or Polder which is the north ende of the land of Walcheren there is a lowe downish land to behold Southeast up from this Hacken lyeth the Polder which also is a flatte steeple By it also there standeth another flatte steeple called Sandwick Veer also hath a short thick flatte steeple and upon that steeple there standeth a smal speere so that it is verie easie to be known But Middleburgh hath a high speere steeple which is higher then all the rest Thus the land of Walcheren sheweth it self when you are in the Deurloy or before the Splete VVestchappel Souteland Middleburgh-Souburgh Koukerck Flushing VIII How you must sayle in and out of the Deurloy IF you wil sayle into the Deurloy then you must runne over the Raen The Raen with your lead untill the sconce is a masts length from Westchappel that is that Westchappel standeth a mast length northward from the sconce sayle towards it untill the castle of Sluys be right east froÌ„ the high downs of Casand there at a foreflood you shall finde four fathome water which is upon the threshold of the chanel where it will strait be over and then you shall finde it a great half fathome deeper Now when the castle of Sluys standeth on the east corner of the high downes of Casand then goe in southeast and southeast and by south untill that Middleburgh commeth to the high downes which are betweene the Isehooke and Souteland then change your course and goe east towards Flushing and you shall neither sayle by Shallowes nor Sands If you desire to come out of the Deurloy then froÌ„ Flushing goe west so long untill the castle of Sluys be east from the high downes of Casand keepe those markes standing so and goe northwest and by north forward but as winde and streame serveth and as you sayle on this sort out then marke the castle of Sluys and if it be east from the downes of Casand aforesaid then you must hold your course somewhat more westerly and if the castle standeth westward then you must hold your course more northerly and hold it so standing east of the downes as aforesaid untill that Westchappel be a mast length northward from the sconce then you are without all the Sandes that may hinder you and may set your course whether you will IX How to sayle into the Splete THe Splete lyeth betweene the Deurloy and the Wielingen he that desireth to sayle into the Splete or the Wielinges he must knowe that from the banck of the English Pol there reacheth a banck along the coast to Ostende which is called the Trip The Trip. which is about a quarter of a league broad hard sand verie good anckor ground when you come out of the Sea you may perfectly sound the Trip with your lead all along the drougth and it is verie hard Sand. When Blanckenburgh standeth southeast and by east from you then upon the Trip it is 6 fathome deepe with a lowe water and the more westerly the deeper upon the Trip. When you come southeastward a musket shot length or more over the drougth or hardnes of the Trip then presently it is half a fathome deeper and soft ground which is the chanell of the Wielinges If you will sayle into the
rock lying at the east ende of Heysant is over against the northwest ende of the northerlyest Cheminees or Kimmenesses then you are against the Hagles Halman Markes of the Hagles He that will sayle into Breest water Breest water must understand that about a league eastward of S. Mathewes point there lyeth a rock which he must shunne To sayle into Breest water from S. Mathewes point goe e. s e. and keepe the north ende of the southerlyest Kiminesses without S. Mathewes point so long untill that the mille upon the north land is north from the trees then sayle southward by the rock and so you cannot erre You may sayle within two cables length along by the north land untill that Breest is without the point then sayle up to it Or if you will sayle otherwise into Breest water northward of the rock aforesaid which lyeth about a league within S. Mathewes point right against Bartrams Baye then keepe the north land wel and hold the southerlyest Kimmenesse covered behinde the great rock which lyeth off from S. Mathewes point and so sayle upon the west point of Bartrams Baye untill that the mill which standeth upon the north land be n. w. by n. and the trees n.n.w. frō you then you are past the stone But it is best to goe southward by the stone it lyeth about half a peece shot frō the north land If you will goe into the haven of Breest then sayle most part along by the north land so long till that you come upon the point of Breest When the south point of Breest water is right against the point of Croduin Baghin rockes then you are against Baghin which are a rowe of rockes lying in the mouth of Breest water about two cables length from the north side at a lowe water are seene being there within you may turne up eastward or southward before the rivers of Landerneau or Lefou anckor there against the south land at 10 12 and 13 fathome before the litle towne called old Croduyn Breest water for the most part reacheth in east-northeast there it floweth everie tyde three fathome up and downe and a southwest by west and northeast by north moone there maketh a high water He that lyeth within Breest must paye about twelve pence for anckor mony Croixduin for that you have a bill to signifie that you are free there so that if you lose your shippe upon the coast of Britanie you might there freely lay hold on your goods otherwise it is not free there you lye at anckor in the Sea at 8 or 9 fathome and at land your ship is made fast with a rope at a tree To sayle from S. Mathewes point to Claesduinen or Croduin keepe the southerlyest Kimmenesses without the Blanck Moines goe forward e. s.e untill you come to the west point of Claesduynen and when you are about the point and may see the Baye open then you shall see a church stand upō a peece of land distant from the maine runne up to it and anckor about the church at 6 or 7 fathome Croduin is a great Creeke lyeth almost 3 leagues distant from S. Mathewes point right over against Croduin lyeth Bartrams Baye Bartrams baye there you may anckor safe against a north and n. w. winde at 10 or 11 fathome The Cheminees Cheminees or Kimmenesses lye southward from Heysant and westward from S. Mathewes point betweene the Kimmenesses and Heysant a ship that will may well sayle through it is there 6 or 7 fathome deepe with lowe water If a man by reason of the flood cannot sayle above Heysant and the Cheminees he may well sayle through between them as I said before it is there broad and deepe ynough the chanel reacheth about n. e. s w. going in the middle of the water you cānot erre He that will sayle over the Trave from S. Mathewes point to the Emperor Emperesse must have good regard to the rockes which lye betweene them The Colengier Colengier lyeth from S. Mathewes point s s e. almost two leagues The Henne with her Chickens Henne with her Chickens and the middlemost Foukenesses lye from S. Mathewes point s e by e. almost 2 leagues The Foukenesses lye from the west point of Croduyn about w. s w. almost half a league The southerlyest Foukenesse Foukenesses lyeth from the northerlyest half a league or two shootes of a peece and at a high water it is covered and n. n. e. a cables length from it there lyeth a blinde rock which at alowe water is also seene The said southerlyest Foukenesse lyeth southwest by south from Croixduin There lyeth also another blinde rock westward from the northerlyest Foukenes which also at a lowe water is uncovered The Henne lyeth w. s w. a peeces shot an half from Foukenesse it is a round sharp rock which round about is deepe and faire at 6 7 fathome The Chickens The Chickens lye a bases shot n. w. by w. from the Henne which are two sharp stumpes which with lowe water are even above the water and lye about west from the northerlyest Foukenesse The Scheminkel hilles lye southward from the Foukenesses Scheminckle bergen or rockes you may runne betweene them at 10 fathome to the west point of Croduin there also is good rode and anckor ground The Ras of Fontenay Rasse of Fontenay lyeth from S. Mathewes point south by east five leagues if you will sayle from S. Mathewes point over the Trave in the Ras of Fontenay then goe south and by east and hold the mill of Fenestiers which standeth upon the east point of Conquets haven over the point of S. Mathewes Closter as long as you can see it and when you come before the Emperor Emperor and the Emperesse shunne the Emperor because of the rockes thereof which lye under the water and beware also of the Emperesse Emperesse for from it also there runneth a sand called the Calf Calf over which the streame breaketh verie much and falleth verie stiffe from it therefore marke your streames heere wel for the streame runneth crosse over this Ras of Fontenay so that with a southwest winde and an out fall or ebbe it is verie dangerous to put into that chanel as also with a calme This chanel runneth through s s w. The Seims stand a litle south from the Emperour and reach about 3 leagues w. n. w. into the Sea Seims rockes about northwest from them lyeth a rock which you must shunne Betweene the said Seims and Heysant reacheth Breesand Breesond in e. n. e. against the which reacheth that of S. Mathewes point into the Sea w. n. w. five leagues East from Fontenay or the Emperesse lyeth Friesebaye Friese bay there you may anckor against a s e. by s winde there is good anckor ground And further east from Friese-baye lyeth Boldavids baye
or 11 fathome nearest the Iland of Motten which is verie faire A league southwest from Gloyland by us called the Eastpenmarques there lyeth a great rock under the water whereon it raketh continually within without this rock it is 40 fathome deepe and when you goe east-southeast from the Westpenmarques then you runne farre ynough without them Thus the land of Eastpenmarques sheweth it self when you sayle by it About two leagues eastward of Glenant lye the Ilands of Motten Motten you may sayle betweene them and the firme land to Groye or Blauet there it is 9 or 10 fathome deepe But if you will goe through betweene Glenant and Motten sayle along by the Iland of Motten till you are without Glenant then sayle whither you would be Thus the land eastward of Glenant or Gloyland to Groye when you sayle along by it openeth it self From Motten to Groye Groye the course is east and by south eight leagues To knowe Groye you must understand that there stand three or four milles upon it and the east ende goeth slope downewards whereby it is easie to be knowne When Groye is n. n. e. from you four leagues it sheweth thus Under Groye it is good anckoring for a southwest winde at 6 or 7 fathome though at the southeast ende of Groye there lyeth a Sand which you must beware of for there it is foule ground Right behinde the Iland of Groye lyeth the haven of Blauet Blauet which runneth in northeast and by north at 4 or 5 fathome upon the west side of this haven there standeth a high speere steeple called Quinperley To sayle into Blauet The Barse lyeth on the east side of the haven which is a rock which commeth off from the east side of the haven On the east side also there lye two blinde rockes which you must be verie warie of as you enter in you must sayle in along by the west side When you are within it is wide and broad you may there anckor before the Iland which lyeth in the middle of the haven at 5 or 6 fathome it is 3 or 4 fathom deepe at lowe water II. The situation of Bel-Isle and the Ilands lying there abouts also the Creekes of Morbeam and Croisil or Croiswyke FRom Westpenmarques to Bel-Isle Bel-Isle or Boelin the course is east-southeast 21 leagues But from Groye to Bel-Isle it is south-southeast 5 leagues To know Bel-Isle you must understand that on the northwest ende it hath a rugged point wherein there is a great saddle you may also see some houses there upon the land and the east ende goeth whole sloping downe you may see it at 55 fathome Thus Belisle openeth it self when the northwest ende is east from you about four leagues When Belisle is northeast frō you 4 leagues then it sheweth ihus He that will seeke harbor under Belisle must shunne the northwest ende for there under the water there lyeth a rock a good waie from the land When you are there within then you sayle about two towes length along by the land and within a bases shotte about by the north point Rode under Bel-Isle till you come to the village with the speere steeple called S. Pauls there standeth a castle upon the point westward from the aforesaid steeple anckor within the point at 9 or 10 fathome then you lye safe from a south southwest west and northwest windes if it bloweth any thing northerlyer you may remove before the east ende which is half a league broad at 10 and 11 fathome the Iland reacheth s e. and n. w. and as the winde bloweth so a man must remove from one Rode to another it is good lying there There lye manie Ilands behinde Bel-Isle Ilands behinde Bel-isle but you may sayle behinde them to Groye and Morbeam in some places having good Rodes and specially the middlemost which hath a good haven which goeth in by a great rock but to sayle through there back againe a man must have some knowledge thereof because there lye manie rockes both above and under the water The east-Iland is called the Cardinal Cardinal and is distant from the east-ende of Bel-Isle e.n.e. and e. by n. about 4 leagues they lye 3 leagues from the firme land where there lye two great creekes or rivers from whence a man may sayle through betweene the firme land and the aforesaid Ilands lying behinde Bel-Isle to Croiswyke or Croixisle and also up the River of Nantes called Loire He that will sayle into Morbeam Morbeam let him goe from the east-Iland called the Cardinal to the Mayland n.w. n.n.w. there it is deepe 8 or 9 fathome then goe somewhat northerlyer upon the point which lyeth west from S. Iolme and runne in by it within the point it is 6 or 7 also 8 fathome deepe When you are within the point leave the west-point runne close in by the east-point and as soone as you are within the west-point of the haven then take good heede to your streame for the flood falleth verie stiffe into the river of Faunes then chuse the west-land at 6 or 7 fathome there it is all shallowe and when the steeple of Morbeam upon the West-land is west from you then anckor in the middle of the haven at 9 fathome then Aury the innermost steeple lyeth n. n. w. from you and the other steeple n. by e. but the point of Mayland e. s e. The litle Iland that lyeth in the Sea lyeth e. s e. w. n. w. from the west-point of the haven and the land from the haven to S. Iolmes steeple n.w. and s e and so to Croiswyke w.n.w. and e. s.e This Iland aforesaid lying without the haven of Morbeam on the north-ende is foule you must leave it on the left hand and runne to the point of the Mayeland and close in by it as aforesaid in the Trave it is 6 7 and 8 fathome deepe From the east-ende of Bel-isle to Crois-isle the course is east and by north Croixisle and east-northeast about 11 leagues But he that will sayle from Blauet to Morbeam he may sayle through behinde Groye and the Ilands lying behinde Bel-isle and when he is within the Ilands he must goe north-northeast till he be before the haven of Morbeam Before it there lyeth a rock or an Iland as I said before you must sayle in through the rock and the east-land to the east-ende of the haven and you must shunne the west-point at 6 fathome for it is shallowe the east-side is deepest till you come somewhat within then there lyeth a rock which at half flood is above the water you must goe east or west about it and anckor right behinde the rock making a towe fast on land or as you come within the west-point you may turne westward as I said before untill the village of Morbeam be west from you and there anckor at 9 fathome I said before that
the land of the east-point of this haven to S. Iolmes steeple reacheth northwest and southeast and from S. Iolmes to Croiswyke west-northwest and east-southeast along by the land it is about 7 8 and 9 fathome deepe the more southward about the deeper but against the point of Croixwyke you have sixe and seven fathome water againe so long untill you be within the banck Behinde the west point of Croiswyke there is a Rode A Rode behinâ—e Croiswyke as if it were a haven where you may lye at five sixe and seven fathome water And westward from the northwest-point of Crois-isle there is a flatte church upon the high land The land of Olduynen Olduâ—â—â—â— lyeth close north from this church The church standeth upon the first point of Croixwyke Southwest and by south from this church two leagues from the land lyeth a banck called the Foer Poer which in some places is drie at a lowe water it lyeth a league from the northwest-point of Croiswyke and from the east-point of Pulyen west and by north and somewhat northerlyer and from Bel-Isle it lyeth east it reacheth in length southwest and northeast when you keepe the steeple of Olduynen over against the west-point of Croixwyke and so goe east-northeast then you misse the banck And when the speere steeple standeth over the height of the east-ende of the land then you goe northward about the same banck and when you bring Pulyen steeple over the northwest-point of Croiswyke or Crois-isle then also you runne northward about the aforesaid banck And when you sayle east-northeast from the east-ende of Bel-Isle to Croiswyke then you goe west about the banck but when you goe east and east and by south from the east-ende of Bel-Isle then you goe east about the banck sayle so long east and east and by south on untill that the steeple of CroixIsle or Croiswyke be north-northwest from you and then sayle to the land and so forth at two cables length along by the land untill you see the rock and the haven called Pierre-passe then sayle close in by it it is there 4 fathome deepe But when you come from the Cardinal then keepe the steeple which standeth west from Croixwyke over the point then you runne northward about the banck then sayle towards the land about two towes length along by it as I said before When you come to the east point of Croiswyke then there shooteth a sand off froÌ„ the land Sand of Croiswyk which you may sound at three fathome round about The chanel is 8 9 10 fathome deepe The westerly steeple is Croiswyke the high steeple standing eastward is Pulien III. How you may sayle into the River of Nantes and the Baye the situation of the Iland of Heys IF you will sayle up the River of Nantes The River of Nantes and are within the banck called the Four then you must runne to the land of Croiswyke half a peeces shotte along by it untill you come to the Rock with the hole where you see through as if it were a gate there in the chanel it is deepe 8 9 fathome but against the rock it is 5 or 6 fathome deepe and when you goe by the north point of the river it is there 3 4 fathome deepe at lowe water within to S. Nazaret it is still deeper water as 5 6 and 7 fathome S. Nazaret S. Nazaret is a sharp steeple standing upon an out-point a litle within the north point of the River The Rock with the hole is called Pierrepasse from it you must runne at two towes length in upon the north point of the River whereon the sharp steeple called S. Nazaret standeth untill you are within the rocks called les Porceaux The Pourceaux which lye in the middle of the River betweene the Rock with the hole and the steeple aforesaid and appeare above the water at half tyde A litle within S. Nazaret upon the northland standeth a sharp spere steeple when that steeple is without the south land then you cannot hurt your self upon that rocke there runne northward about A litle eastward there lyeth another sand with rocks where you may runne eastward about with great shippes for there it is verie flatte to the point being within the point you may anckor at 6 or 7 fathome Eastward from S. Nazaret there lye two villages betweene those villages it is verie flat stone ground there you must chuse the south land But when you are half waie betweene the easterlyest village then you may sayle upon the point of the village till you be past it but against the easterlyest village on the south side at the point there lyeth a banck called Pinbuf Pinbuf it reacheth almost half into the River yet you may goe betweene the point and this banck at 5 or 6 fathome for this is the Rode for shippes that will put to Sea A league further inwards in the middle of the River there lye two banckes of stones which at lowe water are seene above it these banckes lye in the chanel At Pelerin Pelerin is the lading place almost three leagues froÌ„ Nantes from whence the wares come in boates to lade the shippes But this is Pilot water which you commonly take in by the aforesaid sharpe towre of S. Nazaret where when you are within you may anckor at 10 or 12 fathome and staye for a Pilot. Those that from S. Nazaret will goe to Sea againe must doe as followeth sayle along by the northland untill you come without the second point of the River turne then off from the north land into the middle of the River and sayle a great way southward about Pierrepasse and then when you may see the rock which lyeth north from Pierrepasse without the point there it is four fathome and an half deepe and when Pierrepasse is north-northwest and n. by w. from you then you are right against the rocke and there you have deeper water at 5 6 and at last 7 fathome but when you come into the Trave of Picqueliers then you have 10 and 12 fathome water Before the River of Nantes there lye many banckes but at half flood you may well goe over them And the south point of the River of Nantes is distant from the north point n. n. w. s s e. 4. leagues Then this land runneth into a great creeke and there men runne into the Baye These uneven banckes in the River of Nantes are verie unlike sometymes you cast 15 fathome and presently after but 7 or 8 fathome But to sayle from Bel-Isle to the baye of Armentiers To sayle to the baye then goe on e. s e. till you see the Closter of Armentiers but before the River of Nantes it is uneven and banckie when you see the Closter of Armentiers Armentiers eastward from the trees which stand into landward beyond the said Closter then goe forward east and e. and by n. so
great Cape lying east from S. Andero and there is faire ground From Cape de Kesgo to the west-point of S. Andero it is w. by s five leagues and right southward from the point of S. Andero upoÌ„ the east-point of Sardinis is a sandie Baye where it is good anckoring at 10 fathome From Cape de Kesgo to the haven of S. Andero the course is w. s.w distant 3 leagues S. Andero S. Andero lyeth in a creeke and there lyeth an Iland before the haven you may goe about it on both sides it is 8 and 9 fathome deepe but southward about the Iland it is 5 6 and 7 fathome deepe after you come neare to the strand The chanel first reacheth w. n. w. the Iland lyeth a great league within the creeke it is from the east-point of the haven to the west-point of the land about south and north a great league S. Anthonie and the west-point of S. Andero lye east west from each other about 5 leagues How to know the land about Laredo To knowe the land when you fall about Laredo then knowe that on the west-side of the haven of Laredo S. Anthonies Hill lyeth which is a verie high hill which you see verie farre both from east and west and right above the towne of Laredo you see also a sharp hill as if it were the point of a diamant or the point of a two-handed sword and further about Laredo it is verie high double land two three at some places four double S. Andero hath no speciall or knowne hilles but when you are before the haven then eastward you may see the towne and the castle standing upon a high hill as if it were a suger-lofe or a hay-cock eastward there is much double land two or three heigth double But when you are about Cape de Kesgo then presently you see the castle upon the west-land The land eastward of Laredo being south from you sheweth thus with a sharp hill Thus S. Anthonies hill sheweth it self lying on the west-side of Laredo Thus S. Anthonies hill sheweth it self when you are south-southeast from it III. How all the Havens and Rodes betweene S. Andero and Cape de Pinas should be sayled FRom S. Andero to Cape de Pinas the course is west or a litle northerlyer 37 or 38 leagues betweene the which these Havens following do lye First the haven of S. Marten S. Marten or Settevilles Settevilles lying east west 4 leagues from S. Andero it is a tyde-haven From thence to S. Vincents S. Vincent also a tyde-haven is 5 leagues the chanel goeth in on the east-side on the west-side there commeth a sand shooting off and in the middle of the chanel lyeth an Iland which you may goe about on both sides From S. Vincents to Lhanes Lhanes the course is west three leagues this is a tyde-haven upon the west-side of the haven there standeth a church right within the haven a middle-flatte or sand but you must goe about on the west-side these are all unknowne narrowe havens he that hath occasion may use them From Lhanes to Rio de Selia Rio de Selia the course is west five or sixe leagues he that will goe in there must have regarde to a mast which standeth upon the east land you must goe in close by it for the west-side is foule within you must anckor within the mast before the village it is also a tyde-haven From Rio de Sâ—ila westwards nine leagues is Villa Viciosa V lla Vicâ—â—â—a this also is a tyde-haven but faire the chanel runneth in southeast and southeast and by east close upon the west-point of the land for the east-point is foule to the middle of the haven there lyeth a flatte right in the middle of the haven which at lowe water is drie therefore as you goe in you must turne up westward againe on the west-side lyeth the Plecke you may sayle to it and anckor upon flatte water Seven leagues west-ward from Villa Viciosa lyeth the out-point of Sanson Sanson eastward there lyeth a litle Iland whereon there standeth a steeple betweene Sanson and the said Iland it is good rode at 7 and 8 fathome On the west-side of Sanson is also good rode right before the litle haven of Sanson at sixe and seven fathome West from Sanson lyeth Gyon Gyon having a peere or pyled-head under the which the Fisshermen that dwell there laye their barkes A league and an half west from Gyon lyeth the Creeke of Tores Tores a good Rode for a southwest and west winde at 8 and 9 fathome upon the point reaching out standeth a high steeple Three leagues westward of Tores lyeth Cape de Pinas Cape de Pinas from whence manie rockes lye off to Seaward good half a league at least it is sayd by some that a man may sayle through betweene the point and those rockes Thus the land of Biscaya sheweth it self betweene Laredo and Rio de Sella as you sayle along by it Laredo Lhanes Rio de Sella Thus the land sheweth it self from Rio de Sella to Cape de Pinas as you sayle along by the same Rio de Sella Villa Viciosa IIII. What Moone maketh high water upon these Coasts AT all places and before all the havens of this coast a southwest and northeast moone maketh a high water but within the havens about a point later as they reach deeper into the land as upon the coasts of Britaigne Poictou Gâ—â—coigne Heere also they reckon no falling of streames But the streames fall crosse to and fro V. How these Countries are distant one from the other and from other Countries also HOw these Countries reach and are distant from each other it is alreadie shewed in the description From Cape de Massichaca to Accason northeast and somewhat easterlyer 28 leagues From Cape de Massichaca to Heys north and somewhat eâ—sterlyer 60 leagues From S. Andero to the Seims n. n. w. 96 leagues From Cape de Pinas to the steeple of Cordam east-northeast and northeast and by east 72 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Porthus or S. Martens Iland northeast and somewhat easterlyer 80 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Bel-Isle n. n. e. 80 leagues From Cape de Pinas to the Seims north 88 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Cabo de Veilli in Ireland north and by west and somewhat westerlyer 171 leagues From Cape de Pinas to Ortegal w. by n. 29 leagues VI. Vnder what degrees these Countries lye CApe Massichaca lyeth under 43 degr 46 or 48 minutes Cape de Pinas lyeth under 43 degrees 54 or 56 minutes The whole coast of Biscaya betweene Cape de Pinas Cape de Massichaca lyeth about 43 degrees and 43 44 or 45 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 8. CHAPTER VIII A TRVE DESCRIPTION of the Sea-coasts of Gallicia from Cabo de Pinas to Cabo de Finisterre I. To sayle from
thus as it is heere set downe and the Closter standeth about half waie betweene S. Rego and Bayona Bayona Closter III. To sayle into Camina and Viana FIve leagues southward from the Ilands of Bayona lyeth the haven of Camina Camina it is a tyde-haven which great ships must enter into at a high water the chanel reacheth in northeast and by north within the haven there lyeth a rock nearest to the south-side upon it there standeth a house and close southward from this litle Iland is the deepest water to sayle out and into the haven Within the haven on the north-side there lyeth a litle Iland whereon there standeth a steeple which you must keepe over against the steeple which standeth upon the north-land so goe in upon it in the chanel it is two fathome deepe at half flood From the west-side of the haven there commeth a banck of stonie sand shooting off and there it is for the most part flat water and verie rockie therefore men must be careful thereof Seven leagues southward from Camina lyeth the Tyde-haven of Viana Viana he that will goe into it must understand that from the north-side of the River there commeth a stonie banck of sand shooting downe crosse over before the River there when you come out of the Sea you must goe so long southward about untill that the two fire-towres are one against the other and then runne to the strand so long untill that the towre standing upon the north-side be over against the two houses keepe it standing so runne to the rock with the mast and sayle eastward about from it and close along you shal finde two faâ—â—â—me water upon that Sand with a continuall dayly tyde at lowe water when you are past that Rock then you shall see another Rock with a mast or beakon standing theron lying on the north side of the land within the river ruÌ„ne there likewise about close along southward and then easely along by the north-land untill you come before the towne there sometimes there shooteth out a Sand which you must shuÌ„ne anckor before the towne When you lye before the towne then there lyeth a litle Iland southward from you whereon there standeth a litle chappell westward from this Iland lyeth a great banck which at lowe water is seene above it but there behinde the banck it is five and sixe fathome deepe and before Viana it is seven eight and nine fathome deepe When you goe in you may runne southward about the aforesaid banck and come by the Iland whereon the house standeth out againe before the towne Rode before Viana You may also anckor well without in the Rode at twelve fathome there is the farest ground there take in a Pilot because it is a verie narrowe chanel to enter into Or you may sayle well in with these markes there stand two markes upon the southside which when you come out of the Sea you must hold one against the other and sayle so long to the land untill the two markes standing on the north-side of the River are likewise one against the other and so sayle in by the south-side eastward about the rock whereon the mast or stenge standeth untill you see the River open then sayle in eastward southward of the second rock with the steng that staÌ„deth up and when you are a bowe shotte within the said rock then straight let your anckor fall and carrie cables to the south land and make your shippe fast with four ropes IIII. The situation betweene Viana and Port a port FRom Viana to Port a port the course is south and by east twelve or therteene leagues Betweene them both lyeth Villa del Conde Villa del Conde seven leagues from Viana and Metelin Villa del Conde is a Tyde-haven before the mouth thereof there lye many rockes which may be sayled about either south or north about them it is 5 or 6 fathome and inwards againe there lyeth a banck crosse over the haven which is two fathome deepe with high water within the haven it is 3 or 4 fathome deepe southwards up it is deepest and safest for on the north-side it is full of rocks which for the most part lye under the water so that it is best lying on the south-side at 5 or 6 fathome Four leagues southward from Villa del Conde lye the great out-rockes called Lesons Lesons right before a tyde-haven of two fathome deepe called Metelin Metelin southwest from the south-point of the said Lesons about half a league inward to the Sea there lyeth a blinde rock under the water betweene the land and the Lesons rockes it is sixe or seven fathome deepe About a league south from Lesons rockes lyeth Port a port Port a port which hath two chanels the one runneth in n. the other south The south chanel South-chanel which runneth in southward now the best runneth along by the south-land is 3 fathome deepe to the rock with the crosse close in along by it and keepe in the middle of the chanel till you come by a great steeple upon the north-laÌ„d which you may see through there anckor This chanel altereth sometimes therfore you must be careful thereof You must runne into the north-chanel North-chanel in this manner you must sayle along by the north-point where now with half flood it is three fathome water it reacheth in e. s e. and e. and by s there reach manie rockes crosse over the haven from the said north-point but you runne along by them leaving two-partes of the water on the north-side then you runne upon the south-land and along by it till you come to the rock with the crosse and then in the middle of the chanel till you come before the towne where you have 10 or 12 fathome deepe V. To sayle into Avero with the situation of Cape de Montego and the Barles FIrst to sayle from Port a port to Avero Avero the course is s and by n. 10 leagues To knowe the land you must understand that froÌ„ Port a port to Avero it is altogether sandie strand you may goe along by the strand at 10 or 12 fathome Inward to the land upon the high land there lyeth a black hillock upoÌ„ the land when that lyeth e. s.e from you then you are open before Avero and when you can not see the black hillock of Carmale there lyeth a rowe of downes northward from the haven then you are half a league from the haven To sayle into the haven of Avero To sayle into Avro you must understand that when you come upon the land at 6 or 7 fathome then you may see three beakons made of mastes of ships upon the south-land place them one right against the other so ruÌ„ne in e. by s e. s.e over the banck at the entrie of the chanel you have but 2 fathome water at half flood till you come by the
beakons then turne aâ—aine northwest and northnorthwest till you be close by the north-land then runne close by it and so you leave all the shallowes on your right hand untill you see the River open then you see a house upon the strand on the west-side then goe from thence up into the River east and by south and eastsoutheast in the middle of the chanel betweene both landes till you be before the Salt-pannes or Avero where you may lade your shippe full of salt when you goe upon the mastes or beakons out of the Sea then you see a drie Sand by the which you must quickly winde about and sayle in by the west-land as I said before This chanel is two fathome deepe with dayly tydes but within you have 4 or 5 fathome deepe From Avero to Cape de Montego Cape de Montego it is south-southwest 7 leagues A league southward from Cape de Montego lyeth Pissago Pissago a Tyde-haven in it you finde two fathome water with a continual tyde at half flood Half a league westward into the Sea from this haven lyeth a banck of sixe fathome deepe which you may anckor under at 12 or 13 fathome it is at least a great league long and it is best to come in about under this banck Comming off from Cape de Montego you may also anckor under this banck at 7 fathome From Cape de Montego to Pineche Pineche or Nova Lisbona the course is s w and by s 11 leagues From Cape de Montego to the Barlis it is s w 12 or 13 leagues The point behinde the Barlis or Barlinges is also called Cape del Fisiron there lyeth a rock off from the point there southward there is a great creeke where the castle or towne lyeth there you may runne behinde with barkes and lye safe the towne is called Atogie it lyeth against the high hilles VI. To knowe the places of this Coast THe Coast of Portugal about Viana is wel to be knowne by meanes of the aforesaid hill of Rego because it is so extreame high and lyeth upon the water side and the high land of Viana lyeth twise or thrise double behinde it Betweene Viana Villa del Conde and Port a port you may see manie steeples and houses upon the Land and you see Villa del Conde lye as if it were a great towne You may knowe the River of Port a port by the rockes called Lesons which are verie high and lye right north from the River But about Avero it is altogether sandie strand and inward to the land there lyeth a black hillock within the land Cape Montego is a high point there against it in the land it is high hilles This Cape is sometimes taken for Roxant but that is wel to be knowne from the other because of the Barlis which lyeth betweene both Thus the coast of Portugal sheweth it self from Bayona to Cape de Montego when you sayle about four leagues from it S. Rego That which standeth heereunder belongeth to that that standeth above where the crosses stand ☞ Cap de Montego When that black hillock whereby the hand is standeth e. s e. from you then you are right against or before the River of Avero VII What Moone maketh high water heere VPon all these coasts of Portugal a northeast and southwest moone maketh a high water but within the havens a point later as I have said before you neede not reckon any falling of streames heere for the flood there goeth crosse towards the land and off againe VIII How these Countries lye one from the other FRom Cape de Finisterre to Mores or Monte Lauro the course is southeast 5 leagues From Rio Roxo to Ponte Vedra s s e. 5 leagues From Ponte Vedra or Blidones to the Ilands of Bayone south-southeast 5 leagues From Bayona to Camina south by east 4 leagues From Camina to Viana southsoutheast 7 leagues From Viana to Villa de Conde south by east 7 leagues From Villa de Conde to Port a port s by e. 5 leagues From Port a port to Avero south 11 leagues From Avero to Cap Montego southsouthwest 7 leagues From Cape de Montego to Pineche or Cape de Fisiron southwest by south 11 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Ilands of Bayona southeast and by south 19 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Port a port s s e. 44 leagues From C. de Finisterre to Avero s by e. s s.e 54 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Barrels south 67 leagues From Bayona to Barrels 49 leagues From Port a port to Barrels s s w. and s w by s 29 leagues From Avero to Barrels southwest 20 leagues IX How these Countries lye from other Countries FRom Cape de Finisterre to great Canaria southsouthwest and somewhat southerlyer 307 leagues From Cape Finisterre to the Salvages s s.w 273 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the I le of Madera southwest and by south and somewhat southerlyer 246 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the I le of S. Michael westsouthwest 247 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Iles of Tercera w. s w. and w. and by s 280 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the southwest point of Ireland n. and by west and north 174 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Cape de Claro south 174 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Waterford or the southeast point of Ireland north and by east 184 or 186 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Start-point n. n. e. 153 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to the Seims n. e. by n. and somewhat northerlyer 112 leagues From Cape de Finisterre to Belisle southwest 122 leagues X. Vnder what degrees these Countries lye CApe de Finisterre lyeth under 43 degrees Bayona lyeth under 42 degrees 10 minutes or as some say 42 degrees Port a port lyeth under 41 degrees Avero lyeth under 40 degrees 26 minutes Cape de Montego lyeth under 40 degrees 8 minutes The Barlinges lye under 39 degrees 40 minutes The other places lying on these coasts you may take the heigth thereof in the Carde with the compasses Heere followeth the Carde N. 10. CHAPTER X. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Portugal and Algarve which lye betweene the Barlinges and Cabo de S. Vincent I. How you shall sayle the River of Lisbon FRom Barlinges to Roxent the course is south and by east and southsoutheast distant 16 leagues Behinde the Barlinges or Barlis there is a good Rode and anckor ground Rode behinde the Barils against the Hermites house where you may anckor at 10 fathome under the great Iland as it standeth marked in the Carde you may goe south and north on both sides thereof behinde them as you will for there it is faire Behinde the Barlis lyeth Cape de Fisiron and right south froÌ„ thence lyeth a high round hill which our saylers name Yonge Rocxent Yonge Rocxent From Cape de Fisiron to Rocxent it is south
them within two cables length at 6 or seven fathome till you be before the towne of Calis and there anckor as deepe as you will at 8 10 12 or 15 fathome it reacheth in for the most part e. s.e and s e by e. But there lyeth a stone under the water which is called the Diamant Diamant about n.n.e. and n.e. by n. from Puercos a litle league and when S. Catherins chappel is e.n.e. from you then you are against that stone or rocke which at half flood hath 3 fathome water upon it The markes of this rock are these when S. Maries church commeth over the north ende of Calis which is a closter standing without Calis there standeth also a house upon the hill which you goe along by to Xeres when that house commeth over against the chappel which standeth upon the side of the water westward from Marie-port when those markes are one over against the other then you should sayle upon the stone which at the dryest with high water is but 3 fathome and a half but sette the two high hilles which are south from the waie to Xeres so that they may be a litle asunder and come not one under the other then you sayle not upon this stone or rock The Puercos rockes lye about half a league from the north-point of Calis he that lyeth in the Rode before Calis hath the Puntal south or there aboutes from him after he cōmeth neare to Calis but southward from Calis there lyeth a rocke but goe no nearer unto it then 7 fathome Calis Baye is wide and broad and you anckor there at 5 or 6 fathome a northwest winde commeth into it therefore if anie man will goe in behinde the Puntal he must goe on southeast in betweene the point of Porte-real and the Puntal and then runne up upon the point of Puntal Rode behinde Puntal where you lye safe from all windes you may there also set a shippe drie to make it cleane and if you goe into the Creeke then you must take in a Pilot runne into the water of Porte-real and leave the Iland on backborde then you shall gett Herodes creeke open then sayle in through the middle of the chanel to the Salt-hilles When you sayle to Calis the Granado-hill will stand east and then it sheweth thus V. To sayle from Calis Malis through the Strait C. Trafalgar TO sayle from Calis to the Strait you must goe south s by e. to the point of Trafalgar then you runne farre ynough without the banckes or rockes which lye s s e. from Calis From S. Sebastians point to the point of Trafalgar it is s s.e 11 leagues There lyeth a stonie banck two leagues into the Sea west and by south from the Iland of Tarifa Tarifa which is 8 9 and 10 foot deepe at the dryest when the winde bloweth hard you may see the Sea ravle upon it If you will enter into the Strait you must sayle close by the land or farre from the land but it is best in the middle of the Strait when you are as farre from the land on the one side as on the other From the point of Trafalgar or Tarifa to Gibraltar the course is e. and e. by s 5 leagues On the west-side of Gibraltar there is a faire Rode to anckor in Rode before Gibraltar where also it is good anckoring but a southwest winde bloweth into it you lye there safe against a west winde and a south-winde bloweth just upon the point of the land of Gibraltar C. Spartel Cape Trafalgar and Cape de Spichel or Espartel lye distant s by e. and n. by w. 9 leagues East from Cape de Spartel lyeth Tanger Tanger in a great creeke and sandbaye there standeth a castle upon the west-point of Tanger somewhat high and then somewhat higher upon the hill there standeth a watchtowre east from Tanger there standeth another broken watchtowre so that Tanger is good to knowe When you are against Tanger the coast to Scheminckel-hill reacheth most e.n.e. and e. by n. therefore goe e.n.e. and e. by n. forward for that is the right course through the Strait In the night keepe most upon the Barbarie side for it is verie faire and the Spanish side is all foule Gibraltar or Iubleter as our saylers call it and Seuta Seuta lye distant s by e. and n. by w. 8 leagues From Gibraltar to Maribella Maribella the course is n.e. by n. it is a Rode to lade reasons oyle and other fruites in From Gibraltar to Cap de Mol on the west-side of Malaga the course is n.e. 24 leagues When you lye in the Rode at Malaga then that point lyeth about 3 or 4 leagues s w from you From Gibraltar to Velis Malaga Velis Malaga the course is n.e. by e. about 33 leagues and lyeth about 7 leagues eastward from Malaga From Velis Malaga to Cape de Gato the course is e. and e. by s 16 leagues From thence to Carthagena it is 19 leagues that is a good haven there you lye safe from all windes At Malaga Malaga you lye at 15 or 16 fathome safe frō a west-winde but an east-winde bloweth cornerwise To knowe Malaga you must understand that there standeth a castle on high eastward from it and there come two walles downe from it to the Sea to another castle that standeth upon the water the rode is now before that castle for at the other rode it is foule by meanes of casting of ballast into it At Velis Malaga you lye at 14 fathome with an east or Lavant winde it is there open but there is good ground At Maribella you may anckor at 12 or 13 fathome there stādeth a steeple by the water bring that in the middle over against the towne and anckor there there is the best ground Thus the Spanish-coast sheweth it self when you are without the Strait when the north-point is about seven leagues north and by east and the innermost point northeast from you When Tarifa is north from you then the land sheweth thus the point of Gibraltar lyeth northeast from you Tarifa VI. What Moone maketh high water upon all this Coast AT Calis in the baye a s s.w moone maketh a high water and also in the Strait of Gibraltar At Calis before the baye a s w by s and a n. e. by n. moone maketh a high water Before the River of S. Lucas a s w by s and n.e. by n. moone maketh high water Before the Condado a s s.w moone maketh a high water Before Palos Moger and Wolves a south and north moone maketh a full Sea At Cape S. Vincent and Cape S. Maria a southwest and n.e. moone maketh a full Sea The ebbe falleth without the Puercos south about to the Strait the flood falleth north about towards the land but the most part of
schouweâ— heeft Pourtraicture des dâ—â—c principaux Havres de la coste occidentale d'frâ—â—de Lemrick et Galwaij monstrant ce qu'on â—a eviter en les entrant et issâ—â—t CHAPTER XIIII A TRVE DESCRIPTION teaching how you may sayle the Sea-coasts and Havens of the VVest South and East-side of Ireland I. How to sayle to the Havens of Gallowaye and Lemrick and the Ilands thereaboutes TThe Iland Blackrock Blackrock and Cape Dorsey lye distant s by w. somewhat southerlyer and n. by e. and somewhat northerlyer 53 leagues betweene them both lye the Havens of Galloway and Lemrick If you will sayle into Gallowaye Galloway you must ruÌ„ne in through betweene the Ilands or along by the firme land northeast to the point Galor then you must yet goe in n. e. to the other point and then forward three leagues more s by e. till you be before the towne of Galloway where you may anckor at 6 or 7 fathome it is there all ouer good anckor ground a great depth and faire Creekes You may also anckor well without behinde the Ilands at 12 fathome there also it is good anckor ground in everie place From the Ilands before Galloway to the Iland of Aromen Aromen it is about sixe leagues behinde the Iland of Aromen it is also a good Rode the Iland Calos Calos lyeth about a league southward from Aromen and behinde it also there is a Rode From Aromen to the haven of Lemrick Lemrick it is about 5 leagues southwards before the mouth of the said haven there lye two rockes the one south by the haven and is called Cockuyt the other north by the haven and is called Boye you must sayle in by Cockuyt and runne east and east by north a league till you be about the point Blaway and from Blaway to the castle Lamor e. s e. 4 leagues and from the castle Lamor to Griel south seven leagues from Griel to Lemrick s by w. 4 leagues there you may anckor before the towne at 6 or 7 fathome you may also anckor before Blaway and there take in a Pilot and he will bring you before the towne Further it is from the Ilands before Galloway to Blasquay Bâ—asqâ—â—y southsouthwest 18 leagues From Blasquay to Dorsey Doâ—â—â—y southeast 2â— leagues From Dorsey to Cabo de Claro e. and by s 13 leagues II. What Havens and Places lye betweene Cabo de Claro and Cape Velho YOu may knowe Cape de Claro Cape de Claro by reason it is all broken land when you come somewhat better east about and are by the land you shall see a high point reaching out which reacheth farre without the other land into the Sea the south-ende whereof is verie much shoring downe and on the highest part thereof there standeth a castle with three towres which is decayed the middle towre is yet the highest it lyeth 12 leagues eastward from Cape de Claro right north from this out-point by our saylers called Cape de Velho Cape Velho or Oldhead by the Englishmen Oldhead lyeth the haven of Kinsale a faire haven deepe broad comming from the east or the west along by the land this point seemeth to be an Iland because on the west-side it is lowe but it is fast to the firme land by a small peece of land and there you may anckor under it on both sides as drie as you wil. From Cape de Claro to the aforesaid Cape de Velho or Oldhead the course is east and by north 12 leagues To goe into the Ilands of C. de Claro To runne into the Ilands of Cap de Claro you must understand that there lyeth a towne westward upon the high land you must there goe east to land and so goe in eastnortheast leaving the lowe Iland to landwards and the uttermost Iland of Cape de Claro to seawards and so running in to the second Iland whereon the closter of Claro standeth there on the west-ende there is a sandie baye where you may anckor at eight or nine fathome There goeth also a chanel into the Sea close aloÌ„g by the west Iland which is 12 fathome deepe on the east-side of the chanel there lyeth a rock above the water which you must shunne and in sayling out you leave it on the east-side and right within the rock you may anckor If you will sayle further into this haven of Cape de Claro you must runne through betweene the Ilands to Baldermore Baldermore and shunne somewhat the Iland of Cape de Claro for from it there runne manie blinde rockes therefore you must sayle to the other Iland But when you are half waie by the I le of Cape de Claro then you must make to the narrowe waie to goe through it it is therefore the most part all about three fathome deepe but in the narrowe waie it is drie at lowe water therefore you must goe over there with the tyde there you may anckor on what side you will whether it be under the closter at Claro or on Baldermore-side which is the east-side where it is 5 and 6 fathome deepe The haven of Baldermore goeth in north and in it it is 11 or 12 fathome deepe at lowe water on the east-point of Baldermore there lye two high steepe rockes as if they were steeples the one somewhat higher then the other there eastward there goeth in a haven which is called Castle-haven And a league eastward from it the Haven of Somrack Somrack which is 8 or 9 fathome deepe before the haven there lyeth a great rock which you may runne in by on both sides but the east-side is best for the west-side is somewhat foule To sayle in by this rock it is distant at lâ—ast the length of the shotte of a great peece of Ordnance you shall there finde a towre standing and against it you may anckor at lowest water it is there good lying in the middle there lye two blinde rockes which at half ebbe are above water and betweene these two rockes there lyeth a rock above the water therefore you must runne in close by the land leaving the rockes on backborde the haven is not above eight shippes long in length you may sayle through under these Ilands of Cape de Claro in manie places and anckor for it is all broken land as if it were Norwaie East from Somracke and about 4 leagues west from the out-point of Kinsale lyeth Rossen Rossen a tyde-haven which at a lowe water falleth drie you may see the church with the towres in the valley westsouthwest from the point there lyeth a stone under the water There lyeth an Iland betweene Rossen and Kinsale or Cape de Velho also in the creeke which is called Roem which you may sayle round about also anckor behinde it Three leagues eastward froÌ„ this Iland Roem lyeth Cape de Velho or Oldhead Thus the point of Rossen sheweth when
then goe eastnortheast by the English ground which you may sayle with your plummet at 3 4 or 5 fathome or you may come as neare as you will for it is verie flatte When the mill which standeth upon the high land commeth to stand betweene both the milles which stand upon the foresaid Iland then are you wholly past the English groūd then boldly sayle toward the English coast and so close along if you please to Passis point keepe along by the foresaid coast and sayle close about the corner of Passies point whē you are about the point so anckor there at the Kings rode betwixt the point and the River of Brust next to the River at 8 or 9 fathome there is good clay ground He that will goe into the River shall be conducted by the Pilots It is from Flatholm to Passies point deepe in the chanel 14 or 15 fathome at half flood Heere you must keepe the English side for the side of Wales is verie unevē and full of banckes which in manie places fall drie you come no nearer that coast then 12 fathome for in sayling toward the coast at one cast you shall have 10 fathome and at the next be fast on ground and that wholly from Flatholme to over against Brust When you are about Passies point you may sayle along by the coast forward northerly to the River of Severne that is also a faire River as Brust fitte to sayle into Thus the land of England sheweth from Axbridge westward to Ilfordcombe when you sayle along by it III. To sayle into the Havens betweene the Holms the Sorlinges BEtweene the Holmes Ilfordcombe on the English side betweene the banckes on the Welsh side in the middle of the chanel it is 15 16 18 20 25 and 30 fathome deepe the nearer you come to the Holms the flatter water it is When you come from the west and are within the Iland of Londey then you may see the land on both sides that is both England and Wales In this chanel behinde England manie shippes in times past were woont to manie times to overshoote themselves How it cōmeth that shippes sayle behinde England and mistake their course which was for want that they had not taken their heigths well and thought that they were in the chanel betweene England and France And it happeneth sometimes at this tyme also and that by their owne default whereby it is to be marked how necessarie it is for a Sayler to be skilfull therein But he to whom it may happen so hereafter may heereby understand the situation of these parts all the coast of England from the ende of England to the Holme is altogether faire but the Welsh coast is most part all foule and flatte water from the River of Bristowe to Caldye lyeth most full of bancks sands as I said before Now to sayle out of the chanel of Bristowe it is from the Holme to Londey w. s w. 19 leagues And 11 leagues west from the Holmes lyeth Ilford-combe Ilford-combe which is a haven which at lowe water is 3 or 4 fathome deepe Before the haven it is good rode at 8 9 fathome half flood From Ilfordcombe to Bedeford Bedeford it is s s.w 7 leagues It is a Tyde-haven but a faire chanel where manie shippes may goe out and in it devideth it self into two Rivers upon the east River there lyeth a towne called Barnestable and on the right side as you goe in Bedeford lyeth From Bedeford to the west-ende of Londey Londey it is n. n. w. five leagues Under Londey you may anckor on both sides at 14 15 fathome From the point of Bedeford to Hartland point Hartland-point are 7 or 8 leagues This out-point lyeth right west from Londey From this point to Padstowe Padstowe or Stoupart the course is s w. and n. e. 7 leagues Stoupart is a creeke where there is a good rode at 7 or 8 fathome On the west-side there lyeth a blinde rock under the water and at the point there lyeth a rock high above the water West from this point there are manie white sandie bayes or chalck-bayes in the land whereby it is a good land to be knowne Betweene Padstowe or Stoupart the Cape of Cornewall lyeth the haven of S. Ives S. Ives by the Hollanders called S. Uves on the east-side there lyeth an Iland or a great rock above the water and the towne standeth upon the west-point of the land there you must runne in betweene the rockes the west-point then turne up westward and anckor before the towne at 6 and 7 fathome this haven at half flood is 14 fathome deepe From Stoupart to Cape of Cornewall The Cape of Cornwall s w. by s somewhat westerlyer and n. e. and by n. and somewhat easterlyer 12 leagues and from S. Ives aforesaid it is five leagues From the Cape of Cornewal there lyeth an Iland or rock inwards to the Sea called Bresam Bresam you may sayle through betweene the Cape the said Iland to Englands ende Englands ende lyeth from the Cape of Cornewall south about 5 leagues the situation thereof as also of Sorrels is shewed in the next Chapter When the Iland of Londey is n. n.w from you it sheweth thus When Londey is north from you it sheweth thus Thus the land east from Padstowe or Stupaert sheweth when it is three leagues east and by south from you Thus the land of Padstowe or Stupaert sheweth when you sayle along by it and are three or four leagues from it The land west from Stoupaert sheweth thus when you sayle along by it three leagues from it The land betweene Englands ende and the point of Cornewall or the Iland Bresam sheweth thus when you are behinde Englands ende it is about five leagues long IIII. Of the falling and running of the Sreames IN the Chanel of Bristowe betweene Londey and Milford the streame falleth n. e. by e. and n. e. At Ramsey in the Chanel of S. Davies the flood falleth northeast by north In the Chanel of Bristowe within the Holme the flood falleth n. e. by e. and the ebbe s w. by w. In the Chanel of Bristowe betweene the Holmes and Londey the flood falleth e. n. e. and w. s w. Between Londey and the Sorrels the flood n.e. ebbe s w V. What Moone maketh a high water in all the places aforesaid AT Milford or Wilford a west and by south moone maketh high water Likewise on the Coast of Wales a west and by south moone maketh a full Sea Also against the Iland of Londey a west by south moone maketh high water At the Iland of Londey the Holmes it is high water with an east and west moone Within at Bristow it is high water with a w. by n. moone In the Sorrels a s w. by w. moone maketh a high water Without the Sorrels in the
somewhat nearer you discover also upon the uttermost ende another speere steeple or towre in the lowe land so that the ende of England is well to be known the ground is whitish sand mingled with red sand and shelles Eÿgentâ—ijck beworp naet leven van alle Havenâ—n Gaten enÌ„ Reâ—den gheloohen dende Zeecusten van Engelandt tusschen Engelandts eijndt ende Poortlandt oock vande rechte gelegentheijt vande Sorlinges Hoemen deselve gewesten beseijlen ende hem van alles â—at aldaar van zanden bancken clippen enÌ„ ander ondiepten te ghemoeten is wachten sal Vraije et vive delincation de touts les Havres Ports et Rades de Mer situez entre les Sorlinges et Portlande aussij la vraÿe situation desdictes Sorlinges Comment on singlera lesdicts endroicts et se gardera de tous sablons bancs rochers et autres perilz quil ij a. a. rencontrec To sayle into MoÌ„sbaye If you will enter into Monsbaye comming from Englands ende or from Lezard you must runne upon a castle which standeth upon a high round rock untill you come within half a league neare unto it then you shall turne up west and sayle to the Baye untill you see the Iland on the west-side whereon the two stumpes stand like beakons leave that on the left hand and sayle close along by it for there it is faire but leave the castle a great waie on the right hand for there it is foule When you come within the Iland or rock then you shall see a great Sandbaye there behinde it where you may anckor under at 7 or 8 fathome there you may lye safe against a s s e. winde but a s e. and specially an e. s e. winde bloweth open into it otherwise you lye safe there against all other windes From Monsbaye to Lezard the course is s e. and n. w. five leagues The north-side is all full of rockes to Lezard From Lezard also there lye some rockes And east from Monsbaye there lye rockes a league into the Sea in darke gloemie wether a man must be carefull to take heede of them To knowe Lezard it is a small lowe point To knowe Lezard and on the south-ende there standeth a steeple and on high towards the north-ende there standeth a sharpe steeple you may see Lezard at 55 fathome the ground is white and redde shellie sand When the Sorrels are southwest from you four leagues then they shewe thus When the Sorrels are southeaâ—t from you three or four leagues they shewe thus When Sorrels is southeast and southeast and by east from you three leagues then it sheweth thus When the Sorrels are eastnortâ—east from you three leagues then they appeare thus Thus Englands ende sheweth when it is east from you four leagues Thus Englands ende sheweth when you see it first comming out of the Spanish Sea it is good to be knowne for there stand divers steeples and towres upon it Thus the land sheweth betweene Englands ende and Lezard when the castle of Monsbaye is north and Lezard about east and by north from you Thus Lezard sheweth being east and by north from you sixe or seven leagues II. To sayle into the Havens and Rodes that lye betweene Lezard and Ramshead the west-point of the Haven of Plimmouth FRom Lezard to Famouth south and north 4 leagues Hiâ—â—ord hâ—â—â—n Bâ—tweene Famouth and Lezard lyeth Hilford where you may runne in through the middle of the haven betweene a sloping and a lowe point on the south-side lyeth the sloping point and on the north-side the sharp point it is a short haven to sayle into and within the haven on the south-side there standeth a Gâ—ntlemans house belowe upon the strand on high there standeth a companie of trees which you place one over against the other when you runne into the haven On the north-side also there stand two or three trees which come a masts length westward from a house which standeth in a white sand-baye sayle so in the middle of the haven anckor at 6 or 7 fathome On the south-side there standeth a sharp steeple upon the high land and on the north-side there standeth a castle upon the shoring land To sâ—â—le 〈◊〉 aâ—â—â—th this is in the haven wherein fewe shippes enter for feare of daunger To sayle into Famouth you shall first see a castle on the high land on the west-side of the haven then runne along in within two cables length by the east-land there lye rockes upon the inner side of the east-point of Famouth you must goe in close by thâ—m and then sayle upon the high land which lyeth on the west-s dâ— Behinde in the haven there standeth a white chalke peece of ground there also you see a box tree you must hold it ovâ—r against the north-point of the high west-land so sayle to the high land untill you come to it and you shall not have lesse water at half flood then 5 fathome that is betweene the east and west castles or a litle within them and you may also when you come within the west castle sayle forward to the middle of the high land which you see on the west-side of the haven and at the north-side of the high land you may anckor at 12 13 and 14 fathome You may also strike over to the east-land anckor under the banck which commeth running off from the east-castle in the middle along the haven at 6 7 and 8 fathome This banck at lowe water is almost drie and it is soft moorish ground so that you lye fast in the durt when you fall on ground there You may also runne about west from the stone which lyeth in the haven tâ—en you must hold the west-land side whereon the castle standeth at 5 or 6 fathome for it is no deeper then 6 or 7 fathome at half flood but on the east-side of the stone it is 7 or 8 fathome deepe Four leagues upward from Famouth lyeth a towne called Traeren Two leagues east froÌ„ Famouth lyeth the point of the Deadmanshead The Deadmanshead which is a round hill which towards the west goeth slope downe it is double land and there westward there standeth a mille at the ende of a sharp steeple there also stand some houses upon the land and a litle westward you may see the castle of Famouth upon a round hillock against that high land it is well to be knowne for such as come out of the west from Lezard From the Deadmanshead to Fawick it is northeast 4 leagues Fawick Fawick lyeth in a great Creeke it is a Tyde-haven where a shippe may enter at half flood on the east-side of the haven there standeth a litle church with a steeple and on the west-side there standeth a white church with a flatte steeple at the west-ende being somewhat greater then the church upon the east-ende If you will sayle into Fawick you must staye till half flood so sayle in the middle of the chanel betweene
lowe water From the uttermost tonne to the second tonne it is s e. it lyeth at 4 fathome on the south side as you sayle in you must leave it on starreborde and goe with a flood at the least e. n. e. to the third tonne which lâ—eth upon the point of the sand at 3 fathome but betweene this tonne and the second the chanel is dryest that is two fathome and an half at lowe water and that right without the third tonne the south side is faire and flatte and you may sound it but the north side is all shoring you must also look well to your streames for the flood falleth strongly southward crosse the lands and the ebbe contrarie When you are past the third tonne the course to the beakon upon the high Sand is south there it is deepe 7 8 and 9 fathome From the beakon upon the High sand sayle forth s s e. s e. and east all along by the beakons along till you be before Oostmerhorne and there anckor on the south side it is all steepe and deepe and verie white but the north side is somewhat flat Northeast chanâ—l West from the Horsmarket there goeth another chanel in where at lowe water you shall have but 8 foot deepe first it reacheth w. s w. and sometimes somewhat southerlyer but keepe along by the Horsmarket The Horsmarket specially with a south winde so you shall goe to the third tonne at the northwest chanel which lyeth upon the point of the chanel and so into the deepe leave that tonne on starreborde and goe forward southward to the beakon upon the high sand and there forth as you are taught before VIII Of the Iland the Bosch and how you must sayle into the Lauwers FOur leagues east from Schiermonickooghe lyeth the Iland of Rottum betweene them both lyeth an Iland called the Bosch which not manie yeeres since was wholly overwhelmed and washt awaie with a storme and is now againe by meanes that men have begunne to plant heath upon it growne up againe so that now there lye two or three faire townes upon it Betweene this Iland of the Bosch and the Ooghe the Lauwers goe in The the Iland the Bosch sheweth thus with two hillocks To sayle into the Lauwers ruÌ„ne in east close along by Schiermonickooghe Markes of the Lauwers There stand two towres in Groningherland whereof the smallest or the shortest is the loper or the innermost and is called Liens or Leens the longest or that which standeth nearest to the water is called Hoorhouses set the steeple of Liens a bowe length west from Hoorhouses then it will stand upon the foot strand of Schiermonickooghe keepe them standing so and runne upon the strand of the Ooghe for there you cannot miscarie before in the chanel it is wide and broade and at lowe water no deeper then two fathome and an half but when you are over the drumple then it is 4 5 and 7 fathome deepe and reacheth in s e. by s keepe upon the Ooghe side but beware you sayle not under the Knockbalgh Knockbalgh Symons sand which reacheth through betweene the foot strand of the Oogh and Symons sand yet keeping upon three or two fathome and an half you neede feare nothing for everie yeere it lesseneth much and is almost cleane spoiled but it is best along by the High sand on the east side there also you can gette no hurt Now when you are against Symons sand there both the sides of the land are shoring so that you cannot well sound them with the lead turne then somewhat southward up about Symons sand and anckor there at 7 or 8 fathome there it is good lying You must looke well to your streame for there it falleth strongly both out in IX To sayle into the Schille EAst from the Bosch goeth in the Schille If you will sayle into the Schille then place the two aforesaid steeples of Leens and Hoorhouses one right against the other and so ruÌ„ne upon the Boscher sand until you get drougth of the sand Boscher sand you may sound in al along west from Boscher sand and also east along to Rottum sand About a yeere or a yeere and an half since the chanel was almost 5 fathome deepe but now before in the chanel at lowe water no more then two fathome an half but being over the drumple or threshold it is 10 or 12 fathome deepe first it reacheth in s e. til you come to the drie sand that is the sand of the Bosch go in thereby e. s e. to that IlaÌ„d of the Bosch there you must sayle in close by the land for there it is verie narrowe betweene the Bosch and the Sands which come shooting off from Rottum the Bosch is verie shoring If you will anckor there Rode under Bosch then turne about right behinde the point of the Bosch there it is good lying at 6 or 7 fathome but if you will goe somewhat better in then turne off froÌ„ the Bosch when you are full past it and chuse the north side for that is faire and flat and that you may sound but on the north side there lye manie sands which you may sayle under Sayle forward along by the north side till you be behinde Rottum and there anckor at 8 or 9 fathome Rode behinde Rottum you lye there safe against all windes Whâ—n you will sayle into or out of this chanel looke well to your streame for it falleth strongly into and out of this chanel To knowe the situation of the steeples in Groninghe land you must understand To knowe Leens and Hoorehouse that when the steeple of Leens which is the shortest is a sparre length west from Hoorhouse then there commeth a high house just as much eastward from Hoorehouse as Leens is west from it so that then Hoorehouse steeple standeth just in the middle betweene them thâ—n you are right open before the Lauwers as I said before When those steeples aforesaid are one upon the other then they stand s s e. and somewhat southerlyer from you then you are right against Boscher sand But when Leens church leaveth that house and Hoorehouse steeple then you come against the Sands which shoote off from Rottum to the Bosch A southeast and northwest moone maketh a full Sea in these chanels or havens X. The situation of Rottum and Borcum and how you shall sayle into the West Eems Rottum THe Iland of Rottum is a small Iland almost a league and an half long and is verie easely knowne the west ende is high and steepe the rest is lowe downe land Upon the east ende there stand two capes or beacons the greatest or the loper standeth upon the east ende of the flat strand and the smallest standeth upon the south side of the downes there stand also two houses upon it the one upon the west ende the other in the middle of the land in a lowe ground Borcum is also
to Oterdam at 5 6 and 7 fathome but goe no nearer unto it for it is verie steepe and shoring but there you may sayle under the east side at 6 fathome when you come within Eemshorne sayling up for there lyeth a Flat on the east side called the Hound The Hound The Pap◠which is a hard sand and somewhat more inward there lyeth an other Flat called the Pape also a hard sand and are fast one to the other But heere the west side is all soft claye ground to Oterdam You must keepe along by the west side and followe the beacons which stand along This reach stretcheth first s s w. and s and by w. and about in a boucht or hollowe place s s e. and by Groning land southeast To shunne Reyders or Iannens sand which is a Flatte which lyeth in the middle of the Eems betweene Oterdam Reyde Reyders and Iannens sand upon it at lowe water there is no more then tenne foot deepe then take heede of Oterdam which hath a flat church without a steeple and standeth upon the banck of Groning land when you come thither then you must strike over to Embden land to the Knock which is now a broken steeple standing in the water upon the point when you have the Knock then rūne within two ropes length by the north side along to Loegherhorne The Knock. and so you shall not sayle by this flatte There standeth a flatte steeple between Knock and Loegherhorn Markes of Reyder sand called Gerrits Swart when you may see through this steeple or when this steeple and the church come one upon the other then you are against this Flat When you sayle up the West Eems then you must leave all the tonnes on starreborde A southeast and northwest moone maketh a high water with out the Eems In the Balgh a southsoutheast and northnorthwest moone But before the towne of Embden a south and south and by west and a north and north and by east moone XI The situation of the Iland Iuyst and how you must sayle into the East Eems THe Iland Iuyst lyeth about a league and an half e. n. e. from Borcum It is a lowe Iland but the west land is a high steepe point and grayish land the east ende also is higher then the middle The church standeth in the middle of the land the steeple is somewhat sharp and standeth at the east ende of the church You cannot see the church but when it is against a lowe peece of ground or a valleye Betweene Borcum and Iuyst the East Eems goeth in Iuyst sand From the west ende of Iuyst there reacheth a Sand at least two leagues west into the Sea you may sound it without at 3 or 4 fathome and south from it you goe into the East Eems Thus the Iland Iuyst sheweth about two leagues crosse from you To sayle into the East Eems If you will sayle into the East Eems then set the church upon Borcum south from you and so if it be cleare wether then you shall see through the steeple sayle upon it you shall finde the uttermost tonne which lyeth at four or four fathome and an half lowe water From the uttermost tonne to the second tonne the course is east and by south The ende of Iuyst sand betweene the two sands on the inner side is verie shoring and steepe so that you cannot sound it but somewhat more inward from the second tonne it is flatter so that there you may easely sound it The second tonne lyeth at three fathome lowe water at the point of a long small banck or point which commeth shooting off from the east ende of Borcum which is called Brewers flat Brewers flat which you may sayle under this Sand on the north side is all shoring Betweene the first and the second tonne it is four fathome deepe at lowe water but against the second tonne it is deeper againe at 8 or 9 fathome From the second tonne the East Eems reacheth in east and by south and eastsoutheast and sometimes somewhat southerlyer but from the second tonne with a flood you must goe east and east and by north that you may not be lead into the fore side of Brewers flat Iuyst sand is inward from the second tonne flatte so that you may sound it at 5 or 6 fathome but come no nearer unto it and so you shall not sayle under Memers sand which is a sand Memers sand which within Iuyst shooteth off from the foot-strand of Memers sand As soone as you have deeper water againe then goe first eastsoutheast then southeast to the beakon upon the high Horne Beacon upon the high Horn. which standeth on starreborde upon the drie sand turne southward or westward up behinde the beakon there is the rode and there you may anckor at 5 6 or 7 fathome as you thinck good it is there good lying for a south winde The East Eemes there against it is wide and broad The east ende of Borcum is flatte you must use your lead when you goe there out or in with a shippe that draweth much water About southeast and south by east from the beacon aforesaid lyeth the tonne upon Conincx flat 〈…〉 King◠〈◊〉 upon a sand that shooteth of from the south side this tonne and the said beacon you must leave on starreborde and there betweene them both on the south side there is good anckoring At Norden in East vriesland there are two flatte steeples whereof the one is great and flat the other long and slender which stand one close by the other when these steeples come a shippes length east from the easterlyest side of the Bant which is a small Iland upon the Wadt then you have the tonne upon Conincx flat that is a good long marke and when Iuyst steeple is n. n. e. from you it is a good crosse marke of the said tonne From the tonne at Conincx flat to the tonne at Hamburgh sand the course is s e. and s e. by e. it lyeth at three fathome Tonne at Hamburger plate but this is Pilots water for great ships You may there goe through a Kille or small gutterie chanel into the West Eems and come out against the southerlyest tonne in the West Eems To sayle through this Kille leave the tonne upon Hamburger sand on baghborde and sayle along by the beacons leaving them on starborde It is at both endes of this Kille three fathome deepe and in the middle 5 6 7 fathome it reacheth through about s s w. into the West Eems Memer balgh Memer balgh lyeth about half a league within Iuyst betweene the beacon upon the high Horne and the tonne at Conincx flat that is on the east side of the East Eems and reacheth most north in It is a good rode for small ships that wil goe west about or without about Also within the balgh which runneth in by the high Horne there is a good rode
may well sayle up unles it be at a lowe water The depth runneth by Numits strand and when you keepe Numits strand whereon the beacons stand then you can not goe amisse but as soone as you put off from thence then you may sayle under the sands or sheares which reach off from the Wadt to the land of Numit therefore runne so long close by the strand of Numit Markes of the Sands till a church with a flat steeple which standeth about east from you against the high land of the Holme commeth on the south side of the high land then you are within the sands and outsands then you must leave the strand and goe in n. n. e. and n. e. by n. till there commeth a round hillock close south or right over against a blewe church which standeth upō the high land of the Holme then goe in northeast and by east till the aforesaid blewe church commeth against a Gentlemans house which standeth belowe close by the water in the lowe land then sayle north and north and by east till you be before Rincopen for there it is wide and broad The right depth there is two fathome and two foot Rincopen and the haven of Numen lye distant from each other four leagues North from Rincopen there runneth a River into the land whereon there lye two small townes the one called Hostebro Hostebro the other Huysbuy Huys buy they lye at least seven or eight leagues into the land Half a league south from Bovenberghen there goeth another small haven out of the Sea inward it is called Trosmond Trosmond chanel There stand two masts which you must hold one over against the other and so goe in within it there lyeth a village called Trosmond from thence you may sayle over the Wadt to Rincopen This haven or chanel is sometimes closed up and sometimes againe botes or crayers and small ships may goe out of and into it but it is reckoned for no haven III. Of the situation of Bovenberghen and the Holmen FRom Rincoper haven or the haven of Numan to Bovenberghen the land reacheth most north south 10 leagues and betweene them both it is all over a faire strand with white downes which are overgrowne with heath when you sayle along by it then you may see the blewe within the land of Rincopen called Holmes above over this land Betweene Bovenberghen and Reefshorne Bankes betweene Reefshorn Bovenberghen there lye some bancks of 7 8 and 9 fathome and some that are deeper Bovenberghen Bovenberghen is a long plaine hill in the middle having a round hillock or hill and upon this hill standeth a church with a steeple you may see the land at 13 and 14 fathome But if you come upon Bovenberghen to land then it openeth in three hilles it is a shoring steepe point the middlemost hil is the highest whereon standeth the church aforesaid with a flat steeple and on both sides of this hill there stand other churches which are not so high You may see the land at 13 or 14 fathome The ground is great redde sand with some small stones therein From Bovenberghen to the Holmen the land reacheth north northeast 9 or 10 leagues but it lyeth in a Creeke and it is black hillockie downish land overgrowne with heath and there standeth now and then a flat steeple in the land And there lyeth a banck of 10 fathome about five leagues from the land but it continueth not long Iutland Sand. Betweene Bovenberghen and the Holme from thence the Sand reacheth off from the land west into the Sea and when you goe over that Sand at 12 and 13 fathome then the Neus lyeth from you northwest and by north 24 leagues The Holmes Holmes is a plaine point which on the northeast side goeth shoring downe and in the middle upon this hill there standeth a four-square church without a steeple When that heigth of the land is southsoutheast from you and that you may justly see the north ende then it is 15 fathome deepe great rough sand with some stones amongst it A stonie banck north frō Holmes There lyeth a banck of stone like the Trindle of Lesou two leagues northeast or somewhat easterlyer from the north point of the Holmes that is betweene the north and the east points so that the two third parts of the water is almost betweene this stone-banck and the north point and the other third part betweene the east point the said stone-banck and there is not above 12 foot water upon it there hath some ships bin cast awaie upon it This east point East point lyeth about four leagues eastward from Holmes and is also a high shoring or sloping point as if it were Holmes Right against this east point there shooteth a Sand half a league into the Sea which you may sound about at seven fathome but as some say you may goe through betweene the land and this Sand. Thus the land betweene Bovenberghen and the Holmes sheweth when you sayle along by it two leagues from the land East point Holmes Bovenberghen South of Bovenberghen III. The situation of the Coasts of Iutland from the Holmes to Schaghen FRom the Holmes to Robbeknuyt the course is northeast nine leagues And right west from Robbeknuyt in the creeke to the east point there stand five churches with flat steeples which stand nearest to Robbeknuyt there lye also two blewe lands betweene the East-point and Robbeknuyt and there the land lyeth in a Creeke and chere also you see a cloven hill or downe before you come to Robbeknuyt It is there all along flatte strand East from Holmes there goeth in a water called Misdorp Misdorp and right west from the white Cliffe of Robbeknuyt there also runneth in a litle River whereon there lyeth a towne called Werlom Werlom Robbeknuyt is a high round hill and right upon the heigth of the hill there standeth a church with a sharpe steeple To knowe Robbeknuyt But east about from this point there goeth a great Creeke about to Hartshals Against Robbeknuyt it is verie farre flat for fifteene fathome depth is at least two leagues from the land And about four leagues from the land there lyeth a banck of nine fathome which reacheth along by the land And against Robbeknuyt there lyeth a stone or rock about a league from the land From Robbeknuyt to Hartshals Hartshals it is southwest and by west four leagues The land as I said before reacheth that waie with a creeke or bowing and there standeth a flatte steeple betweene them both but nearest to Robbeknuyt and there you see the high land of Laclowe over that high land Hartshals is a long plaine hill To knowe Hartshals on the east ende going somewhat shoring downe And right against Hartshals there lyeth a sandie or stonie ground about a quarter of a league from the land whereon some men saye manie ships have
hem voor alle periculen hoeden ende wachten sal Carte Marine de la Belt representant les rivages orientaulx de Juthlande la situation de la Melversonde et Wedersonde auecq toutes les Isles et goulphes seicheresses bancs de sable et lieux dangereux et comment navigant en ces quartiers on se gardera et evitera touz perilz et dangiers CHAPTER IIII. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Belt VVedersond and Melversond and of all the Ilands lying thereabouts I. The situation of Lezou and the Trindle and how you shall sayle from Schaghen to Seebuy FRom Schaghen sand to Lezou the course is s s e. eight leagues The situation of Lesou Lesou is a foule Iland which is round about flat and compassed about with manie banckes sands shooting out At the south ende it is but two fathome deepe above two leagues from the land and from the south ende whereon the church standeth there shooteth a Sand into the Sea two leagues and an half which you may anckor under safe against a s s e. winde Also on the other side of the south ende there shooteth off a sand so that when the aforesaid flat church is east and northeast from you there you cannot see the land when you are within a league of it but you may goe so neare to the north ende that you may lye at anckor under it safe against a south winde at 3 4 and 5 fathome From the north ende also there shooteth off a sand to the Trindle but you may sound it about at three or four fathome through betweene Lesou and the Trindle Trindle The Trindle lyeth northeast or somewhat northerlyer from the northende of Lesou about two great leagues from Schaghen sand southeast and northwest eight leagues It is stonie sand ground about 4 foot deepe and about sixe or seven akers of land great reaching along by the chanel of the Sea On the north side alwaies there lyeth a tonne whereby men may know it a farre off You may sayle well through betweene Lesou and the Trindel and the nearer to the Trindel the deeper water and the nearer to Lesou the flatter shallower Close by the Trindle it is 5 or 6 fathome deepe Zeebuy But to sayle from Schaghen to Seebuy the right course is south and by west 7 leagues When Schaghen lyeth about n. w. and by w. from you and that you are a league from it there it is 17 and 18 fathome deepe and when Schaghen is west and west and by south a league or a league and an half from you there it is 34. or 35 fathome deepe And come no nearer to Schaghen by night then 14 or 15 fathome Now when you wil sayle from Schaghen to Seebuy then you goe by the small Helmes Small Helmes lying south and by west 4 leagues from Schaghen and if you will goe into the Belt then you leave them on starborde going all south and by west to Zeebuy And he that will anckor under the Helmes Rode under the Helmes comming off from Schaghen he must runne to the land at three fathome and runne in betweene the strand the Helmes untill he be within the rockes there you may anckor or goe through at three fathome along by the foot strand and when the rockes of Helmes are east and east and by north from you there is the Rode at four and four fathome and an half The Helmes are three Ilands the southerlyest the Iutters call the Dien or the Dee the middlemost Holmes and the northerlyest the Grasholme and by it there lyeth another litle Iland You may sayle through betweene the southerlyest and the middlemost but nearest to the southerlyest Iland there is betweene them four fathome water The best Rode to lye in for litle ships behinde the Helmes is betweene the middlemost and the southerlyest Iland a litle nearer the ferme land then the Ilands but for great ships the best lying is by the Grasholme Betweene the Holmes and the ferme land in the faire-water it is at the least three fathome deepe When you come on the south ende of the rockes there runneth a Sand off from the Helmes to the strand Sand of the Helmes called Boutferriffe or sand where the great stones lye upon the strand but keeping at three fathome you can doe no hurt upon this sand and you may so goe out againe at the south ende of Zeebuy A league east from Helmes there lyeth a heape of stones which you must beware of when you will goe into the Belt A shippe that goeth not deepe may sayle round about the Helmes for there at the least it is three fathome water In the chanel betweene the Helmes and the north ende of Lesou it is 10 fathome deepe soft ground Depth betweene the Helmes Lesou and before Zeebuy in the rode it is 4 and 5 fathome deepe Lesou lyeth about four leagues from Zeebuy On the west side of Lesou lye the Dwalegrounds which lye north from the aforesaid Sand which shooteth off west into the Sea from the south ende of Lesou whereon the flatte church standeth These Dwalegrounds are verie uneven of 3 4 5 and 6 fathome deepe and within Zeebuy there are also flat grounds of 4 5 and 6 fathome The chanel betweene the Dwalegrounds and the flattes of Zeebuy is seven and eight fathome deepe II. To sayle from Zeebuy to Aelborgh and Stevenshooft To sayle into Aelburgher chanel or haven FRom Zeebuy to Aelburgher chanel the course is south by west 7 leagues On the north side of the chanel there standeth a flat steeple called Hals in the chanel there lyeth a tonne and upon the south land there stand two capes which you must bring one against the other and then you finde the tonne The haven first reacheth in w. and by s about a cables length then you goe n. w. and by w. right up to Hals and goe in by the north side till you be against Hals for from the south point of the land there commeth a Flatte shooting off which you must shunne being against Hals you must then goe s w. by w. to the bocht or hollowe ground and in the crooking you must shunne the north side somewhat then goe northwest and by west againe along to the second crooking then s s w. and then w. s w. to the towne Before in the haven at the tōne it is two fathome deepe and there within a litle while after five or sixe fathome but to sayle into it it is best to take a Pilot. By the south side also there goeth in a chanel of 6 or 8 foot deepe The towne of Aelburgh lyeth four leagues upwards in the River within the land also west along by these Coasts there lye some bancks there you must shunne the land somewhat When you sayle from the Helmes to Stevenshooft through betweene the Dwalegrounds and the Flats of Zeebuy then you finde flat grounds about half waie betweene
Stevenshooft and Zeebuy of 5 6 and 7 fathome This shallowe is called the Sweteringh The Sweteringh lying above two leagues eastward from Aelburgher haven and the chanel there betweene them both is about 10 or 11 fathome deepe From Aelburgher haven to Haselin the course is southeast and by east about twentie leagues From Aelburgher haven to Stevenshooft Stevenshooft the course is s e. and by s about nine leagues There betweene them both the land lyeth in a great Creeke wherein the two townes called Mariacker and Randersen doe lye Mariacker Mariacker lyeth from Aelburgher haven south and south and by west four leagues and from Stevenshooft five leagues Betweene Mariacker Stevenhoofr lyeth the River of Randersen Randersen which runneth crooked about so farre up into the land to the towne of Schandelburgh where the King of Denmarke hath a great fishing and also manie times commeth there to hunt Thus the land and the church of Aelst sheweth two leagues and an half east from Aelburgher haven Aelster church Melver hill III. To sayle from Stevenshooft to the Ilands of Syro Wero and Sampso and forth through the Wedersond to the Melversond FRom Stevenshooft to Haselin the course is e. s e. thirteene leagues and Haselin Haselin without is full of foule Sands and grounds you shall finde further and larger description of Haselin and Anout as also of the foule waies and shallowes lying thereabouts in the tenth Chapter of this Book Right south from Stevenshooft lyeth a litle towne called Oruntbuy there lye the Chalck grounds right before the River of Grimsond in a Creek right about the point of Stevenshooft Oruntbuy Chalk-grounds that is a sand two or three foot water deepe but not farre from it it is 10 fathome deepe you may sound it at 4. fathome You may sayle up the Grimsond Grimsond to Grimsteed which is a lading place of Boeyers From Stevenshooft to Great Helmes Great Helmes the course is s s w. about 7 leagues The land from Stevenshooft to the point of Ebeltud reacheth s s.w seven or eight leagues Ebeltud Ebeltud is a litle towne lying against the Great Helmes inward to the land Betweene the Great Helme Iutland it is 6 and 7 fathome deepe Close by Stevenshooft and the point of Ebeltud it is 8 9 and 10 fathome deepe The great Helme hath two Sands one upon the north side and the other upon the south side From Stevenshooft to Siero Siero the course is s s e. 8 leagues North from Siero lyeth a land-losse ground divided into two Sands Sands of Siero which you must shunne These two Sands in some places lye above the water From the Great Holme to the Iland Wero The Iland Wero the course is n. n. w. and s s e. four leagues and there it is 4 or 5 fathome deepe The situation of Kayholme and Samps From Wero there runneth a shallowe to Kayeholme and about Kayholme and also about the Ilands Samps it is all full of drie grounds and they runne all to the great Iland Sampso From Great Holme to the Iland Sampso Sampso it is s w. and n. e. four leagues Sand of Sampso From the north ende of Sampso there shooteth off a Sand north into the Sea there you may sound close about to come into the Rode of Sampso when you will anckor there there at the Rode it is 10 fathome and under the Swan grounds you lye safe from all windes From the south ende of Ebeltud to Aerhuysen Aerhuysen the course is west and west and by south five leagues there it is all flat water that is 2 and 3 fathome deepe He that will anckor in the Rode before Aerhuysen let him bring the great steeple in the middle betweene the two other speeres there is the best ground and good Rode at 3 4 or 5 fathome so drie as one will South by Aerhuysen the Wedersond Wedersond goeth in between Iutland and Sampso he that will sayle into it must be wel acquainted there with for there it is all full of Sands and shallowes and also by night you can not use the chanel because of the sands and shallowes and by daie also you must looke well about you and spare not your lead but you may anckor and lye at rode there all over When you will sayle through the Wedersond To sayle through Wedersond comming from Great Holme or Ebeltud then leave the Iland Tons Tons and the Swan grounds on baghborde running forth all along by the coast of Iutland at 2 or 3 fathome till you be past Horsens or the Iland of Endelau which Iland of Endelau a man may not goe neare unto on the west side because of all the grounds which lye on the west side thereof Betweene Endelau Endelau and the firme land it is narrowe water stretching from Wedersond south through the Swan grounds Swan-grounds on both sides it is drie it is but a chanel to sayle through When you come off from Melversond will sayle through the Wedersond it is best to runne along by the Iutland side till you be against the River of Horsens there you must then put somewhat off from the land sayle upon the I le of Tons then you goe through betweene the North and South grounds leaving the I le of Tons on starborde When you are past Tons then you must goe out close by the north point of Sampso to the land of Ebeltud it is altogether one course from Horsens to Tons and forth to Sampso and the point of Ebeltud that is altogether northeast and southwest 8 or 9 leagues Frō Horsens or the Iland Endelau to Melversond Melversond the course is s s w. 7 leagues Melversond is a deepe Sond of 20 and 25 fathome and is verie crooked to goe in It goeth in betweene Fuynen and Iutland which are two high lands From the Iland Ebelo to Melversond the course is southwest and southwest and by south five leagues From Sampso Rode to the I le of Ebelo Ebelo the course is s s w. and s w. and by w. five leagues And from the south ende of Sampso to Ebelo the course is s w. and by w. four leagues Frō Sampso to Roems Roems the course is s e. n. w. 5 leagues The northwest Coast of Fuynen reacheth southwest and by west 8 leagues The Iland of Ebelo lyeth a league from it yet you cannot goe through betweene it and Fuynen it lyeth right before Bowens South from the Iland there lyeth a great stone or rock under the water betweene this Rock the Iland lyeth the Rode before Bowens Rode before Bouwens at 8 or 9 fathome IIII. To sayle from Syro and Wero to Langheland and forth about Fuynen to Melversond also along by Zeland to Golversond BEtweene Syro and Wero lyeth a bad sand long broad Haters Sand. reaching further then
Bornholm ende â—â—emel vertonende de ware â—â—theijt der Zeecusten van Prâ— Cassouben ende Pomeren â—sgaders de monden der Riâ— Havenen ende ReedeÌ„ aende â—eeven Custen gelegheÌ„ Hoemeâ—â—selve allo beseijlen enÌ„ hâ—â—r alle Reven SandeÌ„ â—cken Drooch ten enÌ„ peâ—eÌ„ daer ontrent hoedeÌ„ sal Carte Marine aune partie de la Mer de Germanie entre Bornholm et Memel representant la vraije situation des costes de Mer de la Prussie Cassoubie et Pomere Emsemble les embonchures des Rivieres Ports et Rades dicelles costes comment on les marinera et se gardera des bancs de sable improsonditez et lieux dangereux environ lesdictes places Thus the land sheweth betweene Reefcol and Righshooft when you sayle along about three leagues from the land Righshooft Wolsackes Reefcol II. To sayle from Righshooft to Dansick FRom Righshooft to Heel the course is southeast eight or nine leagues when you come neare Heel Heel then you are presently deepe thirtie fathome and the Coast of Heel close by the land is 24 and 30 fathome You may anckor under Heel at sixteene twentie fathome close by the land there it is a verie sloping ground when you are a litle from the land then you finde no ground for without the land you have no ground at fortie fathome Rode under Heel A league north from Heel there runneth a flat off from the land whereof you must take heede When you will anckor before Heel you may anckor on both sides of Heel but on the inner side it is soft ground From Heel to Dansick before the Wissel the course is south and by west five leagues If you will anckor before Wysel To anckor before Wisel then anckor west from the Kisten or the West head at teÌ„ne or twelve fathome But to sayle into the Wesel To sayle into the Wesel or the Haven of Danske then take heede to the two mastes whereon there stand two barrels which stand upon the Kisten or the West head place them one against the other and sayle up upon them and goe in betweene the two Heads but when you are within Termunde then chuse the east side for the west side is flatte and when you come before Botesmans flat then goe on Groenswoort side and there make your shippe fast with four cables or ropes Wesel chanel was wonte to runne in by the east side but that is wholly stopt and spoyled Thus the land sheweth betweene Righshooft and Heel Heel Vernoorde Acxternes Righshooft III. To sayle to Conincxberghen and Memle FRom Wesel to Conincxberghen Haven the course is eastnortheast and northeast and by east thirteene leagues but from Righshooft to Conincxberghen haven it is east and by south seventeene or eighteene leagues and from Heel it is distant thirteene leagues east and west It is altogether faire white strand To sayle into Conincxberghen haven and on both sides of the Haven there stand drie trees as if they were burnt and on the west side there stand two beacons which you must place one against the other and sayling up upon them then you finde the tonnes the tonnes lye on both sides of the chanel and you must sayle in betweene the tonnes untill you come within the Ketle there you may lye in the winde at three and four fathome then you come into a great Haf or Haven which goeth up eastward to Conincxberghen and southeast to Melvin Melvin and Brunsberghen Brunsberghen The two Havens aforesaid of Danske and Conincksberghen commonly alter everie yeere by meanes of the streames of the out-waters and the great force of the flackes of yce so that I can not well write of the stretching of them of anie certaintie but the Governours of the land have great care thereof so that they cause them to be continually well marked and beaconed Four leagues north and north and by west from Coninksberghen lyeth the point of Loocsteede Lockstede or Brusteroort There standeth a castle with a church by it not farre from each other and there also there are two high hillocks and there it is all full of trees If you will anckor before Conincxberghen chanel or haven you must place the point of Lockstede north and by east from you and there it will be eight or nine fathome deepe From the point of Lookstede to the haven of Memle The Memle n. n. e. 16 or 17 leagues there betweene them both it is altogether a faire strand there the land lyeth in a great bought or creeke The haven of Memle reacheth in n. e. and n. e. and by e. and it is two fathome deepe being within it you goe into a great haven or water and westward up about the point you may anckor where you will Thus the land sheweth betweene Conincxberghen deepe and Locke stede Lockestede Hankeheer IIII. Of the Depths and shallowes lying in these Chanels SWin lyeth about south from Borneholme and in the chanel betweene them both when you may see Borneholme it is 26 fathome deepe and when you may plainly see the Swyn there it is 7 and 8 fathome deepe but when you cannot discerne the land it is 12 or 13 fathome deepe for there along by the Pomersche coast it is al flat that most betweene Newe deepe and Garshooft but towards Reefcol Ryshooft and Heel it is 20 and 22 and 25 fathome deepe by the Coast About 7 or 8 leagues southwest and by south from Borneholme there lyeth a banck which is no deeper then five fathome This banck reacheth northwest and southeast and in this haven there lye more bancks some of 6 7 8 9 and also 10 11 12 and 13 fathome From Colsberghen to Garshooft it is altogether an even and flatte strand without bankes In the chanel betweene Borneholme and Reefcol it is 27 28 fathome deepe About four leagues from the land northwest from Reefcol there lyeth a banck of nine fathome and if you use your lead til you come to Righshooft you shall then finde more bankes then are spoken of here When Righshooft is s s w. from you about a league there it is 30 fathome deepe and there it is altogether uneven and bankie and the ground is white great sand When Righshooft is west from you there it is 16 fathome deepe and the ground is white sand When Righshooft lyeth southeast from you then you have 28 fathome deepe with redde stonie ground as if it were bankie sand Betweene Heel and Righshooft but nearest to Heel there it is 33 fathome deepe and there the ground is white sand At Heel in the Rode it is 25 fathome deepe the ground is verie sloping to 30 and 40 fathome it is black sand Betweene Heel and Conincxberghen it is verie deepe comming against Heel it is shoring but to Conincxberghen and the Nerungh it goeth naturally and flat up Betweene Lockestede and Sevenberghen in Coerland it is all flat rising ground and there you may see the land at 30
and 32 fathome V. How these Lands and Places in their reaches and distances are situate from each other FRom Camin to Colsberghen the course is northeast and by east 4 legues From Colsberghen to Castlyn northeast 4 leagues From Caslyn to Ruwold n. n. e. 5 leagues From Ruwold to Garshooft n. n. e. 4 leagues From Garshooft to Reefcol n. e. and by e. 4 leagues From Reefcol to Liba e. n. e. 7 leagues From Liba to Sernevisse e. n. e. 5 leagues From Sernevisse to Righshooft eastnortheast 4 leagues From Righshooft to Axternes southeast 4 leagues From Axternes to Vernorden southeast more then a league From Vernorden to Heel n. n. w. and s s e. above a league From Heel to Danske s and by w. 5 leagues From the Heads of Danske to Conincxberghen haven e. n. e. and n. e. and by e. 13 leagues From Conincxberghen haven to Lockstede north and north by west 4 leagues From Lockstede to Memle n. n. e. 16 or 17 leagues From Colsberghen to Garshooft n. e. and by n. 13 leagues From Reefcol to Righshooft e. n. e. 16 leagues From Righshooft to Conincxberghen haven east and by south 17 leagues From Righshooft to Memle northeast by east 29 leagues From the south ende of Borneholme to the Swin s 13 leagues From the south ende of Borneholme to Colsberghen southeast 16 leagues From the south ende of Bornholme to Reefcol east by north 24 leagues And when you leese the sight of Borneholme then you see Reefcol againe within an houre after From the northende of Borneholme or from Ertholmes to Righshooft east and east and by north 40 leagues From the northende of Borneholme or from the Ertholmes to Memle e. by n. and somewhat northerlyer 65 leagues VI. How these Points and Places are distant from other Lands FRom the northende of Borneholme to Utstede northwest 8 leagues From Borneholme to Hanno n. and by w. 12 leagues From Borneholme to the Der-clippen or Uyt-clippen northnortheast 19 leagues From the east or south ende of Borneholme to the south ende of Oeland northnortheast 26 leagues From the west or north ende of Borneholme to the Southnoorden or the south ende of Oeland northeast and by north 25 leagues From Borneholme to Houghburgh or the south ende of Gotland the course is n. e. somewhat northerlyer 50 leagues From Borneholme to Ostergarde northeast or somewhat northerlyer 61 or 63 leagues From Borneholme to Winda is the course northeast by east and somewhat easterlyer 80 or 82 leagues From Garshooft to Calmersond north and by west 32 leagues From Righshooft to Hanno west and by north or somewhat northerlyer about 38 or 40 leagues From Righshooft to the south ende of Oeland the course is northwest 33 leagues From Righshooft to Houburgh the south ende of Gotland north and by west 34 leagues From Righshooft to Ostergarde is the course north and south 45 leagues From Righshooft to Dagheroort n. n. e. 80 leagues From Righshooft to Derwinda the course is northeast and by north 54 leagues From Righshooft to Sevenberghen northeast 33 leagues From Conincxberghen deepe to Southernoorden or the south ende of Oeland n. w. by w. and w. n. w. 50 leagues From Conincxberghen haven to Houburgh or the south ende of Gotland northwest and by north 48 leagues From Memle to Houburgh is the course w. n. w. 37 leagues Here followeth the Carde N 26. CHAPTER VII A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts and Ilands of Lyfland which lye betweene Memle and Revle I. The situation of Memle to Domesnes FRom Memle to Sevenberghen the land reacheth northnorthwest 11 leagues but three leagues south from Sevenberghen lyeth Helighawe or Heligher Rou Heligher Rou. which is a place where you lade all kinde of wares Four leagues north from Sevenberghen lyeth the River of Ter Liba This River is sixe foot deepe goeth farre up into the land but within you come to a great water Terliba Terliba is also a lading place where you lade all kinde of Coerland Ware From Olma or Terliba to Backovens Bacovens the course is north and by east seven or eight leagues next to Domesnes it is the best land to be knowne in all Coerland it is certaine hillocks or downes with trees which showe out above the rest of the land About three leagues south from Backovens there lyeth an out-point called Steensoort Steensort which is flatte like Luseroort but it is stonie ground And this Steens-oort lyeth about four or five leagues south from Derwinda Derwinda The coast of Cóerland from Sevenberghen to Derwinda reacheth north and by east fifteene or sixteene leagues At Derwinda there standeth a castle with two or three steeples whereby it is well knowne About seven leagues west and by north from Derwinda lyeth a banck upon which there is no more water then five fathome it is about half a league broad and groweth deeper on both sides easily but how far it stretcheth northward or southward is unknowne to me From Derwinda to Luseroort Luseroort it is northeast and by north four leagues Luseroort is an outpoint but when you are against it then the land seemeth all to have one reach but when you are a league or two on the east side thereof then you see it to be an outpoint Against Luseroort it is all flatte water three leagues into the Sea The land of Luseroort to Domesnes reacheth northeast and by east and somewhat easterlyer about twelve leagues From the south ende of Oesel called Swalueroort Swalueroort there shooteth off a Sand south and by west at least two leagues into the Sea betweene Domesnes and Luseroort but nearest to Luseroort and shooteth to the flatte of Luseroort it is a bad Sand verie hard and broad at some places it is drie Oesle sand and four fathome deepe and in some places shallower as you are distant from the point of Oesel for at some places about Oesel it is drie and againe at some places two two and an half and three fathome deepe To conclude it is hard and verie uneven and a man must there be verie carefull of it West from that Sand there lye also manie Dwale-grounds which reach north about the coast of Oesel which in some places are no deeper then two three four and five fathome If you wil goe to Ryge and comming out of the Sea fall upon Derwinda you must not leave the coast of Coerland To avoid Oesle sand but you must runne about the flatte of Luseroort at five fathome or somewhat lesse that you may not sayle without the Sand of Oesel The chanel betweene the flatte of Luseroort the Sand of Oesel is not above eight or nine fathome deepe but cōmonly you have seven fathome then you goe just about this flatte The ground heere against Luseroort in some places is verie uneven sometimes sixe sometimes eight and nine fathome at one cast of the lead you shall have two or three
fathome lesse or more then at another time and that not verie farre from the land but you neede not feare it for as I said before you may goe nere the land at four or five fathome without feare Afbeeldinghe der Zeecusten van Coerlant enÌ„ Lijflant niet alle de eijlanden enÌ„ Jnwijcken tusschen der Memel enÌ„ Revel aende selve custen geleghen Vertoonende hoemeÌ„ in 't beseijlen der sclver landen alle ondiepten Reven bancken dwaelgronden enÌ„ periculeuse plaetsen daer aen enÌ„ omme gâ—leghen bequamelijck sal moghen mijdeÌ„ enÌ„ wijckeÌ„ Pourtraicture des Rivages de Mer de Courlande et Lijflande avecq toutes les Jsles et Goulphes entre Memel et Revel a ladicte coste gisantes MonstraÌ„t comment singlant le long a icelles costes on pourra eviter et se garder des improfonditez bancs a sable fonds abusifs et lieux dangereux gisants environ ladicts endroitz Thus the Coast of Coerland sheweth it self about Sevenberghen when you sayle along by it being a league from it Thus the Coast of Coreland sheweth from Domesnes to Derwinda and the Backovens to Sevenberghen Domesnes Luseroort Derwinda Backovens Towards Sevenberghen When you sayle about Domesnes then the land of Oesel sheweth thus II. To sayle from Domesnes to Ryghe and Parmout FRom the point of Domesnes there shooteth off a Sand eastnortheast and northeast and by east a league into the Sea Sand of Domesnes From Domesnes to Rye the coast reacheth first from Domdanghen southeast four leagues From thence to Voorwalen also southeast five leagues and all southeast to Tucken From Tucken it reacheth first east then eastnortheast and northeast to the downe or the River of Rye From Vorewalen to Dunemond it is east and by south twelve leagues and there the land betweene both falleth into a great Creeke From Domesnes to Dunemond or the haven of Ryghe the course is southeast and by east one-and-twentie leagues And from Domesnes to the Iland Ruynen The Iland Ruynen the course is east and by north eight leagues You may sound the Iland of Ruynen round about at seven and sixe fathome yet on the eastsoutheast side it runneth flatte a good waie off along the whole west side or southwest side it is all foule sharp stonie ground come no nearer the shore there then sixe fathome for at such depth you shall sometime sound five sixe and seven fathome Neyther is there anie good lying there but on the east side as you come about the southeast corner there is a litle Baye or Creeke neere whereto stand certaine small howses which may be seene as you come neere the shore there about is it good lying against west windes at five or sixe fathome faire sand ground but when the winde blowes hard it wil ravle there otherwise round about it is sharp ground but some saye that on the south side it is faire ground From Ruynen to Dunemond the course is southeast sixteene leagues If you will anckor before the haven of Duyn To anckor before the Haven of Ry. then anckor at thirteene fathome south or north from the Haven where you will Betweene Ruynen and Dunemond in the chanel it is 23 and 24 fathome deepe To sayle into the haven of Ryge then set the towne of Ryge south and by east To sayle into the River of Righe or southsoutheast from you and sayle up upon it so long untill that the Poolsche castle standeth eastsoutheast from you then the houses of Dunemond will be southeast from you then you shall see a great tree set that right north from the said houses that is where the castle of Dunemond stood for the castle of Dunemond is broken downe by them of Ryghe while Duke Charles of Sweathland laye there abouts with his shipps but to knowe this tree you shall understand that there right north there standeth a drie tree whereby you may easily knowe it now when you have the markes aforesaid of the great tree and the houses one against the other as I said before then you are right before the haven of the Duyn keepe them standing so and sayle right up upon them and you shall finde the right chanel it is about three fathome and an half deepe at the entrie you must also coÌ„ming north or south sound the land and runne along by it at three or four fathome till the said markes of the houses and the tree are against each other and so runne in upon them as I said before The land on both sides within the haven is flat but when you are over the entrie then it is deeper and the west side shoring or steepe but the east side is flatte and so runneth farre out then goe boldly close by the west side till you be before Boldra but comming against it you must put somewhat off from the land for south from Boldra there commeth a Sand shooting off which in sayling up you may sayle under this is Pilots water as well in going up as in comming downe for in such rivers as have great streames the shallowes alter and change manie times not onely by reason of the dayly streames but also of the running of great waters so that it is not certaine to trust to such description as men may make thereof which everie man must thinke on Thus Ruynen sheweth when you sayle by it Thus the land sheweth east from the haven of Ryghe From the Haven of Ry to Parnout Parnout the course is north and by east twentie leagues About half waie betweene them both eleven leagues from Righe and nine leagues from Parnout there lyeth a towne called Lemsale or Sales Lemsale or Sales there lyeth a banke before the haven you may goe behinde it behinde it it is three fathome deepe you may goe about it on both sides there goeth a chanel into Sales of eight foot deepe From Ruynen to the Iland Kyn the course is eastnortheast eleven leagues Kyn and Sales lye distant northwest and southeast it is a lowe Iland about three leagues long and hath most part all foule ground From Kyn to Manno and Sorcholme Manno Sorcholme all to Parnout the course is northeast and by north eight leagues Betweene Kyn and the coast of Lyfland it is wide four leagues and the right deepe there betweene them both is eight or nine fathome Against Manno and Sorcholme it is five and sixe fathome deepe and the coast of Coerland is there altogether a faire strand Parnout lyeth there in a great Creeke and before Parnout it is three and four fathome deepe Rode before Parnout If you will anckor before Parnout place the steeple of Parnout northnortheast from you there is the best Rode The Iland Kyn and the haven of Righelye distant south and north thirteene or fourteene leagues III. The situation of the East-coast of Oesle ABout two leagues and an half northwest from Domesnes is the Rode of Oesle Rode of Oesle when the church
of Oesel is west and by north half a league from you and the point of Oesle whereon the houses stand west there is the best Rode at seven fathome soft ground there you lye safe against a westsouthwest winde all along by Oesle it is flatte ground of three four and five fathome Five leagues northward from Domesnes lyeth the Iland Abrick Abrick which lyeth distant from Ruynen northwest and by west and southeast and by east seven or eight leagues and there betweene them both it is almost full of Dwalegrounds of three four five sixe fathome but they lye nearest to Abrick Abrick is a foule Iland with stonie ground and manie Dwalegrounds it lyeth within a league and an half of Oesle From Abrick to Arensbergh Arensbergh in Oesle the course is north and by west four or five leagues it is a lading place for barley and fatte wares From the south ende of Oesle to Arensbergh through within Abrick it is northnortheast eleven leagues From Abrick to the north ende or northeast ende of Oesle the course is northeast and somewhat norrtherlyer tenne or eleven leagues but from Ruynen to the aforesaid point of Oesle it is north 13 leagues If you will sayle from Abrick or from Ruynen about the northeast point of Oesle you must take good heede of the Paternosters Paternosters which is a Sand a league from the said point reaching into the Sea From the northeast point of Oesle to Parnout the coast of Lyfland reacheth eastsoutheast and westnorthwest The Iland Abrick lying a league from Oesle IIII. The situation of the West-coast of Oesle and of Dageroort FRom the south ende of Oesle as I said before there shooteth off a great Sand south and by west into the Sea almost three leagues From Swalueroort or the south ende of Oesle to Hondsoort Hondsoort the course is northnorthwest and north and by west sixteene leagues Betweene them both lye two lading places called Wycke and Reecke Wyke and Reeke this coast of Oesle is verie uneuen and foule ground and about the south ende there lye manie Dwalegrounds of three or four fathome which are verie hard From Hondsoort to the point of Dageroort the course is northnorthwest eight leagues Upon Dageroort Dageroort there standeth a high steeple or towre which they of Revle built there to knowe the land by it and betweene Hondsoort Dageroort there is a great Creeke for there goeth also a water betweene Dageroort and Oesle but is verie flatte and drie so that no shippes can goe through it Such shippes as mistake Swalueroort or Oesle manie times are at their wittes endes in this Creeke for there is no manner of thing to knowe the land by and there it is all sharpe ground but when you come against the land of Dageroort when you are in this creeke then you see the said towre of Dageroort over the land whereby men then knowe it Under the point of Dageroort there is faire Sandground and verie good anckoring against the north and northeast windes You may runne about the point of Dageroort at seven or eight fathome and north from the point it is also good lying From Dageroort to Sibrichsnes Sybrighsnes the land reacheth northeast about seven leagues Betweene them both that is three leagues from Dageroort and four leagues from Sibrichsnes there reacheth a Sand crosse from the land northwest into the Sea sixe or seven leagues and it is a flat sloping land going to the Scharen first it is of three four five sixe and seven fathome and then it is sometimes deeper to the Finsche Scharen Sybrichsnes is an out-point that hath two pointes from either of which shooteth off a Riffe or Sand but betweene the two Sands there is good Rode faire flatte ground and good sand-ground there you may anckor as neere the shore as you will at sixe five or four fathome but a litle west from the westerlyest point of Sybrichsnes not farre from the land there lyeth a shallowe about as great as a shippe where it is no deeper then twelve foot water From Sibrighsnes to Oetgensholme the course is eastnortheast seven leagues Betweene them both the Meunsond goeth in South from Oetgensholme there goeth a great Creeke into the land whereon there lyeth an Iland and above the Iland there lyeth a towne called Hapsale Hapsale you may anckor there where you will On the south side of this Creeke there runneth a great Sand or Stone-shelfe somewhat more then a league into the Sea which is verie broade Sand of Hapsale there you may goe in by it to Meunsond Thus the land of Dageroort sheweth to Sybrichsnes Sybrichnes Dageroort V. To sayle into the Meunsond behinde or north about from Oesle to the Creeke of Ryghe FRom Sibrighsnes to Osseholme Grasholmes Grasholm the course is s e. four or five leagues The Grasholms are two greene Ilands and Osseholme Osseholm lyeth about a league west from Grasholmes where you may sayle round about and also ankor but about a league north and north and by east from Osseholme there lyeth a Landlose-ground which you must shunne which is called the West Grasseground for there are two shallowes which are called the Grasgrounds Grasgrounds the other Grasground which is called the Easterly lyeth over against Grasholme to the Sand of Hapsale having no more then four or five foot water if you will sayle into Meunsond you must be verie carefull to shunne it If you will sayle through Meunsond To sayle into Meunsond from Oetgens you must goe southsouthwest to Grasholme and there sayle in close by it to shunne the Grasground which there lyeth eastward over against it From Grasholme to the point of Oesle whereon the great tree standeth the course is southsoutheast seven leagues From Grasholme to Oesle there lye four Ilands each about a league from the other When you sayle from Grasholme to Oesle then you sayle along by these Ilands leaving them about two or three cables length on starborde till you come to the land of Oesle right over against the great tree in that chanel it is five fathome deepe When you sayle in this manner and come before the Grasground then on baghborde you finde an Iland and against it the haven or chanel goeth in to the castle of Meunsond Meunsond castle at three fathome and then it is somewhat flatter for there it is full of Sands South or west from the said Iland there goeth in a chanel which you may sayle through to Oesle and then you leave the two Ilands on the south ende of Oesle on starborde But the right and best chanel goeth from the aforesaid great tree along by the land of Oesle which is three or four fathome deepe and at last it is sixe fathome seven and eight fathome deepe againe and sayling along by it then you leave the two aforesaid Ilands by the ende of Oesle on baghborde From the great Tree to
the first Iland the course is eastsoutheast five leagues then from the first Iland to the second southeast and then forth to the ende of Oesle east and by south and comming about there you may sayle into the Righsche Sea or the creeke eastsoutheast to Kyn south to Ruynen and southwest or somewhat southerlyer to Abrick or whither you will but you must take good heede of the Paternoster which shooteth off from the point of Oesle almost a league into the Sea VI. The situation of Oetgensholme to Revle THe Iland of Oetgensholme Oetgensholme may be sayled round about and you may also anckor behinde it at sixe or seven fathome From Oetgensholme to great Roghe Great Roghe the course is east and by north or a litle easterlyer four leagues betweene them both a litle beside the right chanel lyeth a shallowe which you may sayle round about this Shallowe lyeth with a Rigge of Sand even and alike with the water and round about is rockie and stonie Great Roghe is a white out-point wherein there are two or three chalke hilles Behinde Oetgensholme south from Great Roghe there lyeth another point called Litle Roghe Litle Roghe betweene Great and Litle Roghe there goeth in a wide River or Haven of sixe and seven fathome but in the ende it is drie It is there all faire ground and good to anckor in From Great Roghe to the Iland Nargen Nargen the course is east and west five leagues When you sayle from Great Roghe to Narghen three or four leagues east from great Roghe you finde a point called Surp Surp wherein also there lye two white spottes or patches and then you see the Iland of Nargen lying out before you if then you will sayle to Revle then leave the Iland Nargen on baghborde runne in by the point of Surp about east to the ende of the Iland and when you are at the ende of the Iland thē goe on eastsoutheast more then a league so shall you come by the ende of the Sand that shooteth off from Bare Carels come no nearer unto it then at sixe fathome Now when the castle of Revle commeth without the Carels The situation of the Rode before Revle then sayle streight to the east side of the Head at Revle there let your anckor fall and turne with your beake head or your stearne to the Head and make it fast there with four ropes for-that the north and northnorthwest windes blowe there open into the Haven so that there it heaveth and setteth verie much From the southende of Nargen to the Iland Wolf Wolf the course is east and east and by north four leagues and that Iland is a league long Northnorthwest and northwest and by north two leagues from the west ende of this Iland and northeast and northeast and by east from the north ende of Nargen lyeth a rock or stone called the Revle stone when the steeple of Revle commeth against the west ende of the Iland then you are past or east of this rock The right markes of the Revle stone are these when the northeast ende of Nargen is southwest and southwest and by west from you and the steeple of Revle is a windbeames length west of the Iland Wolf then are you just about it there is but three foot water In Somer when it is faire wether sometimes the water is so smooth that the waves beate not upon the rock but if it be rough wether you may easily perceive it by the breaking of the waves The Revle stone is verie steepe you must not come nearer unto it then twelve fathome From the west ende of the Iland Wolf shooteth out a point northward into the Sea about a fourth part of a league toward the Revle stone upon the ende of the point lye five or sixe stones something above the water so that they may well be perceived If you come sayling from Revle north and by west beside the Wolfe so long till the point of Surp come even against the Iland of Nargen then you have just the length of that point then looke out of the shippe on starborde and you shall see the foresaid stones upon the ende of the point you may runne about by them at five fathome without daunger VII How these Places are distant from each other FRom Memle to Sevenberghen is the course northnorthwest 11 leagues From Sevenberghen to Derwinda north by east distant 15 or 16 leagues From Derwinda to Luseroort northeast and by north distant 4 leagues From Luseroort to Domesnes northeast and by east and eastnortheast 12 leagues From Domesnes to Domdanghen southeast 4 leagues From Domdanghen to Ferwalen s e. 5 leagues From Ferwalen to Duynemond e. and by s 12 leagues From Domesnes to Duynemond or the haven of Righe southeast and by east 21 leagues From Domesnes to Ruynen is the course east and by north 8 leagues From Ruynen to Duynemond southeast 16 leagues From Ruynen to the Iland Kyn eastnortheast 11 leagues From Duynemond to Lemsale or Sales north and by east 11 leagues From Lemsale to Parnout is the course north and by east 9 leagues From the haven of Ry to the Iland Kyn north 13 or 14 leagues From Domesnes to the south ende of Oesle westnorthwest 3 leagues From Domesnes to the Rode of Oesle northwest also 3 leagues From Domesnes to Abrick north 5 leagues But Abrick and Ruynen are distant southeast and by east and northwest and by west 7 or 8 leagues From Abrick to the northende of Oesle northeast somewhat northerlyer 10 or 11 leagues From Ruynen to the northeast ende of Oesle is the course north 13 leagues From the south ende of Oesle to Arensbergh northnortheast 11 leagues From Arensbergh to the northeast ende of Oesle eastnortheast 8 or 9 leagues From the south ende of Oesle Swalueroort to Hantsort is the course northnorthwest and north and by west 16 leagues From Hansort to Dagheroort northnorthwest 8 leagues From Dagheroort to Sibrighsnes is the course northeast about 7 leagues From Sibrighsnes to Osseholme and Grasholme southeast distant 4 or 5 leagues From Grasholme to the great tree upon Oesle southsoutheast 7 leagues From Grasholme to Oetgensholme is the course northnortheast 8 leagues From Sibrighsnes to Oetgensholme it is eastnortheast about 8 leagues From Oetgensholme to Great Roghe east and by north distant 4 leagues From Great Roghe to Narghen east 5 leagues From the south ende of Nargen to the Iland Wolfe east and east and by north 4 leagues From Derwinda to Dagheroort north and by west and somewhat northerlyer 33 leagues VIII How these Lands are situate in respect of other Lands in the reaches and distances FRom Sevenberghen to Righshooft southwest 33 leagues From Sevenberghen to Southernorden west and somewhat southerly 48 leagues From Derwinda to Houburgh west and by south 37 leagues From Derwinda to Ostergarde west 29 leagues From Derwinda to Goetsche sand◠the course northwest and by west
31 or 32 leagues From Luseroort to Houburgh west and by south and somewhat southerlyer 40 leagues From Luseroort to the point of Alant or the Ilands northnorthwest 59 leagues From Dageroort to Ostergarde southwest and southwest and by south 37 leagues From Dageroort to Righshooft southsouthwest 80 leagues From Dageroort to Goetsche Sand southwest and by west 27 leagues From Dageroort to Boechschaer west and by north 21 leagues From Dageroort to the point of Aland or the Ilands northwest 24 leagues From Dageroort to the haven of Abbo or Wtoy northwest by north 20 leagues From Sibrighsnes to the haven of Abbo or Wtoy northwest 20 leagues From Oetgesholme to the haven of Abbo northwest and by west 27 leagues Heere followeth the Carde N. 27. Beschijvinghe vande wonderlijcke gebroocken custe van Oost-Vinlant Jtem vande noordelijcste deelen van Lijflant ende de custen van Ruslant aen't uijterste vande Ooster 〈◊〉 geleghen Hoemen alle plaetsen aldaer beseijlen enÌ„ alle sorchelijcke clippen viiijlen enÌ„ ondiepten schouwen sal Description de ládmirable et entrerompue eoste d' Oost finlande Jtem des parties Septentrionales de Lijflande et des costes de Russie situez a la mer de Finlande monstrant comme en navigant lelong desdictes costes on ij evitera tous escueils et lieux perilleux CHAPTER VIII A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Lyfland Russia and Finland from Revle to the Narve and Wyborgh and from thence to Alants Haf I. The situation betweene Revle and the Narve IN the former Chapter it is shewed how you shall sayle from Nargen to Revle before the towne and also to the Iland of Wolf From the Wolf to the Iland of Wranger I le of Wranger the course is east and by south but going outward about it is east and by north seven or eight leagues Under Wranger there is good Rode and good anckoring on both sides and all over good anckor ground But on the southside from Wranger lyeth a long small Iland which is rockie and foule Northwest and northwest and by north about a league from Wranger lyeth a rocke and about two leagues from Wranger lyeth also another litle Iland From Wranger to the Eecholmes Eckholme it is east and east and by north thirteene leagues Betweene them both lyeth a foule point upon the Coast of Lyfland which you must shunne for there lye manie Rockes off from it otherwise all the Coast of Lyfland is verie faire all along to the River of Narve Betweene this foule point aforesaid and the Iland of Eeckholme there is a faire Creeke upon the Coast of Lyfland Rode unner Lyfland where you may anckor safely against a southeast winde The Eckholmes also are faire round about and under them it is good rode From the Eckholmes to Telsborgh it is east and west sixe or seven leagues Northward from Telsborch Telsborch in this chanel there lye verie bad grounds and rockes Hooften or Huften called the Hoften which round about them have verie foule and bad shallowes which you must shunne but the Eckholmes as also the coast of Lyfland are faire you may sayle within half a league along by the coast of Lyfland and leave these shallowes and shelfes on the left hand From Telsborch to the Narve in the Rode it is east and by south sixteene leagues To sayle to the Narve north froÌ„ the Hufâ—â— To sayle from Wranger north from the Hoften to the Narve the course from Wranger to Highland is eastnortheast and east and by north three-and-twentie leagues From the Great Hooften there commeth a shallowe shooting off westnorthwest into the Sea which is at least two leagues long which is called the Chalcke grounds Chalke grounds you must take heede of it The Small Hooften Small Hoften also are full of Sands and Rockes so that you can hardly sayle through them for those foule Sands and Shallowes runne all from the Tutters Tutters along Lyfland nere the east ende of Eckholme Tutters lye from High land southsoutheast two leagues distant and northwest and by west from Highland about four leagues from the land there lyeth a Rock under the water which is no deeper then two fathome From Highland to the Rode of the Narve The Rode of the Narve the course is southeast thirteene leagues and then you must goe through betweene Highland and Tutters and likewise when you sayle from the Rode of the Narve northwestward then you goe through betweene Tutters and Highland To sayle into the Narve If you will goe into the Narve you must place the woodeÌ„ towre with the mast right upon Narve castle and so goe into the haven The land of the Narve is knowne by the round hilles which lye on the south side of the Rode Thus Eckholme sheweth when you sayle along by it Thus Thusten sheweth southwest and by west from Highland Thus the Iland of Highland sheweth Thus the land east from Narve sheweth when you come from the Highland II. To sayle from Wranger and also from the Narve to Wybergh ABout two leagues north from Wranger lyeth a litle Iland full north from that Iland toward Highland is the course somewhat more easterly then eastnortheast three-and-twentie leagues then you runne full north Highland Highland is about three leagues long and hardly a league broad it lyeth in length southsoutheast and northnorthwest to them that come out of the west it sheweth with three hillocks on the north and east side it is full of trees On the east side a litle about the north point is there a litle Creeke by a boores or husbandmans house there is faire ground and good lying against west windes A certaine space southward from thence not farre from the shore lyeth a great stone above the water On the north ende also on the west side to the southwest point it is wholly faire ground and good lying From Highland to the Sommers that is a litle Iland the course is east and by north seven leagues A litle east from the Iland Sommers SoÌ„mers there lye certaine rockes above the water but you may safely sayle through betwixt the rockes and the Iland From Sommers to the Goeschare or which is all one thing the great Fisher Goeschare or the great Fisher is the course ful northeast distant seven leagues The great Fisher is a lowe Iland consisting of seven rockes joyned together therefore it is also called the Seven-rockes and when you first descrie it it appeareth with four hillocks as if it were four lowe Ilands From the great Fisher to the litle Fisher The litle Fisher. is the course northeast by east distant four small leagues Round about both the Fishers you may seeke and finde Rode for both of them are verie faire but that on the south side of the great Fisher there lyeth a blinde rocke about a peeces shotte from the shore when the water is not wholly calme but
that the weather is something rough you may easily see the waves breake thereon About a peeces shotte southeast or southeast and by east from the litle Fisher there lyeth a Rock even above the water as if it were a Seales head the cōmon chanel is there betweene both From the litle Fisher to Corssenes is the course eastnortheast and somewhat more easterly a league upon the point of Corsnes Corsnes lyeth a stone as if it were a Iol you must sayle about it at four fathome and an half West from Corsnes lye two Ilands close by the land but eastward from the point you may anckor against westerly windes at five or sixe fathome About two leagues crosse from Corsnes there are manie rockss that lye under the water some at a fathome some at half a fathome some more some lesse you cannot venture out of the chanel but with verie great daunger It is not possible to describe the right situation of all the grounds are there so uneven and craggie so full of rocks and craggie shallowes that it is to be wondred at From Corsnes to the Roohel Rohel the course is northeast and by north about three leagues You must leave the Iland of Rohel on starborde and sayle close by it or in the middle of the water but not close by the north point which our saylers call Iohn Lambertsons point for there shooteth off a stonie point which is shoring notwithstanding you may sayle about there safely by the plummet at seven or eight fathome but come no nearer In the right chanel betwixt both it is 14 and 15 fathome deepe When you come within the Roodehel you may anckor where you please and fetch a Pilot from the land which may bring you to Wyborgh From Narve Rode to the Russia Hacken Russia Hacken the course is north and south five leagues distant This point is called Castram Castram and there lyeth a towne called so From the Point or the Russia Hacken to the Rode Hel the course is northeast and by north and southwest and by south about 26 leagues Betweene them both on the Russia coast there is no Seafaring although some Rivers goe into the land There the land lyeth in a great creeke and reacheth from the Russia Hacken to the River Nioa or Oreschack The River of Nioa or Oreschack eastnortheast 13 or 14 leagues This River of Nioa devideth Russia from Finland through the Ladingh which is a great lake or water within the land The strong castle of Noetenburgh lyeth there also upon a River which reacheth out of the Lyflands or East Sea into the aforesaid Lake From thence the land reacheth northnortheast and north and by east thirteene or fourteene leagues to the Roodehel III. The situation from Wyborgh to Elsen-vos FRom the Rodehel to Porrescharen the course is southwest and by west about five leagues And from Porrescharen Porrescharre to the Fisher the course is southwest three leagues which is a great out Scharre which lyeth alone but eastward from the Fisher Fisher. there lye some out-scharres in the middle of the chanel and lye almost like water they lye almost right in the chanel betweene the Fisher and the Roodehel The course from the Fisher to Roodhel is northeast and by east and southwest and by west 7 or 8 leagues From Goescharen to the Badscharen or Espelscharen Esplescharen the course is westsouthwest and southwest and by west 11 or 12 leagues The Espelscharen is a great heape of out scharres and there right east there lyeth a great rock called Quade scharre Quade-scharre which you may sayle round about From Espelscharen to Putsfagre Putsfagre the course is west and east seven leagues Putsfagre is a great Rock or Iland lying north by west from Hogheland distant seven leagues from thence you may goe where you will betweene the Swethen Scharres if you will goe within the Scharres at Putsfagre you must take in a Pilot who will bring you through the rockes where you will you runne in in all places within the Rocks or Scharres it is for the most part good anckor ground About a league right south from Putsfagre there lyeth a blinde rock which you must shunne From Putsfagre to Peltingscharen Peltingscharres it is 5 leagues West from these out-rockes there lyeth a haven called Peltingsond Peltingsond which runneth in northeast there within there are a great number of Rockes and Scharres where you lye safe from all windes and you may being in sayle through the rockes so you have a good Pilot whither you will From Peltingsond to the haven of Elsenvos The haven of Elsenvos the course is west and west and by south 12 leagues On the west side of the haven there lyeth a high round rock whereon there standeth a warder or mast which is called Cubben on the other side of the haven over against Cubben Cubben there lyeth a long rock or Iland called Santam Santam betweene these two rocks the haven of Elsenvos goeth in and reacheth in most part northeast and northeast by north through betweene the rocks A certaine space east from the foresaid long rock called Santam there is another round rock called Mely Mely. these three rocks are markes of this haven To sayle into the haven of Elsenvos To sayle into the chanel of Elsenvos first it reacheth in northeast till you are within the rockes then it reacheth northnortheast till you come to the river of Elsenvos there you may anckor betweene the rockes for there it is good anckor ground There runneth also a chanel through within the rocks commeth in againe by Putsfagre into the Sea but runneth verie crookedly about and it is Pilots water IIII. The situation of Elsenvos to the Alandsche Haf FRom Elsenvos to the out-rocks of Luys Out rocks of Luys the course is west and by south twelve leagues And from the out-rockes three or four leagues more to the haven of Luys The haven of Luys The haven of Luys goeth in west from the rough Iland and there goeth a chanel up through the rockes to Abo east and east and by north thirteene leagues long and it runneth into the Sea againe by Corpo A litle waie upward in this chanel you goe by a rock which lyeth under the water which is of Loadestone Lodestone there the compasses alwaies runne about and can not stand still till you are a league from it When you are without the rocks of Luys then you may see the land of Revle there right over on the other side From the out-rocks of Luys to the haven of Wtoy it is west and east about 21 leagues Betweene Utoy and the haven of Luys there are no havens for shippes to goe in although that there betweene them both it is all broken land and rocks Utoye Vtoy is a great Iland whereon there standeth a mast with a barrel
Rookoe lyeth within the haven of Stockholme and the point thereof reacheth into the Daler Daler northeast and by north Without the Daler Elsnap Elsnap lyeth within the Daler Hartsticke Hartstick goeth in but is sonke with shippes so that no good ships can goe through the Hartstick reacheth first northwest to the bocht and then to Conincxhaven west and west and by north From the Daler to Deerhaven Dierhavē the haven of Stockholme reacheth northeast and by north and northeast from Duerhaven to Steendoren Steendoren it reacheth southwest and southwest and by west from thence to the old church yarde The Old church yarde westnorthwest from the old church yarde to Waxholme Waxholm west and westsouthwest there you may shutte the haven with a boome from thence it is southwest and by south and southsouthwest to Conincxhaven or S. Blasins holme S. Blasens holme from Conincxhaven or S. Blasins holme the course to the towne of Stockholme is westnorthwest and northwest a league The chanel of Stockholme runneth along by the Northland in againe into the Northbodem and so into the East-sea it reacheth betweene Wedde and Uxe about northeast and southwest you must leave the firme land on baghborde and the great Ilands on starreborde and so runne about northeast and northeast and by east to the North bodem II. The situation of the Coast of Sweathland betweene the haven of Stocholme and the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe TWo leagues westsouthwest from the point of Landsoort there lyeth a great rock named Hartshals which is verie well to be knowne betweene them both the land there reacheth east and west West from this rock there goeth in another haven or chanel which you may runne through behinde Elsnap with jachts towards Stocholme West from this Haven the Haven of Telghen The haven of Telgen goeth in which reacheth in about northwest almost to the Moller and at the ende of the chanel lyeth Telghen but before it there lyeth a towne called Trosa Trosa From the aforesaid rock called Hartshals to the Haven of Stickborch The haven of Stickborch the course is w. n. w. but from Landsoort to this haven the land reacheth east and west it is a wide haven and in the mouth thereof Newecoppen Newecoppen lyeth on the north side but Sticxborch lyeth on the south side Southcoppen then there goe two havens more in the one to South and the other to North Coppen Northcoppen From Landsoort to the Haven of Silbuy Silbuy the course is s w. and by s 19 leagues It reacheth in n. w. and n. w. and by n. If you will anckor under Silbuy you must turne up eastward and anckor before the towne in the middle of the rocks at seven eight and nine fathome You may there sayle through the Sweathland Rocks to Westwick Fluyerbuy Vrouwenbergh Sticxholme and so northward to Schelsuyer there it is all faire ground and is fiveteene eighteene and twentie fathome deepe If you will goe to Vrouwenbergh Vrouwenbergh or Fluerbuy Fleurbuy then sayle forward west and west and by north till you come against the land then you may anckor against Fleurbuy or you may turne up northwest betweene the Iland of Vrouwenbergh and the firme land and there anckor at twelve fathome You may also runne through it into Westerwick Westerwick Westerwick lyeth distant from Silbuy west and west and by north through within the Rockes and there it is fiveteene or sixteene fathome deepe From Silbuy to Schelsuyr Schelsuyr it is norrhwest seven leagues all through within the rockes Schelsuyr is a faire Haven or Creeke there lyeth a rock in the Haven but you may goe about it on both sides and anckor before the towne East from Schelsuyr lyeth Hontsbaye Hontsbay and then Greene Iland Greene-Iland there also is good anckor ground and you may runne along thereby to Sticxborgh The out-rockes and scharres of Silbuy and the land of Newe Coppen or of Telghen lye distant about north and by east and south and by west fiveteene leagues but the Out scharres of Silbuy and the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe lye distant south and by east and north and by west eight leagues From Landsoort by the Haven of Stockholme to the Ioncvrouwe the course is fouthsouthwest four-and-twentie leagues But from the Haven or the Out-rocks of Silbuy to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe it is south and by east eight leagues III. The situation of Gotland with the Ilands lying about it FRom the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe Sweathland Ioncvrowe to Carelsoo the course is east and east and by north eleven or twelve leagues Great Carelsoo and Small Carelsoo lye close one by the other they are two small high Ilands lying on the west side of Gotland The Small Carelsoo Small Carelsoo lyeth nearest to Gotland and there under it is round about good Rode at eight nine and tenne fathome for round about it it is faire and cleane Under Great Carelsoo Great Carelsoo also it is good Rode on the west and east-sides but on the north and south sides it is foule therefore you must goe no nearer to Carelsoo by night then eleven or twelve fathome Betweene Great Carelsoo and Small Carelsoo it is twelve thirteene and fourteene fathome deepe Right over against Carelsoo lyeth westergarde Westergarde upon Gotland From Carelsoo to Wisbuy Wisbuy in Gotland the course is northeast sixe or seven leagues Men were wonte in old time to anckor there behinde a Head or Kist In times past this was a notable and famous towne of Marchandise where all trade of Merchandise was used but now by Gods visitation it is cleane decayed and spoyled There yet to this daye you may see manie decayed houses of Marble and other hewen stones whereby a man may partly see and gesse her former situation and proportion The Hanze townes did there for a long tyme holde their staple and trade the old Water-lawes are there made and also the old famous Cardes which in times past were verie perfect but now altogether fpoyled From Carelsoo to Gotland Sand Gotland Sand. the course is northeast and northeast and by north one-and-twentie leagues Gotland Sand is an Iland of a league great you may sayle round about it and round about it it is white strand From the northwest point there shooteth off a Sand there it is sixe seven and eight fathome deepe and all over good anckor ground The Coperstone Coperstone lyeth distant from Gotland Sand westnorthwest and northwest and by west three leagues Four or five leagues south and by west and southsouthwest from Gotland Sand lyeth Faro Sand Faro sand and at the north ende of Faro Sand there shooteth off a badde foule shelf or Sand northnortheast about two leagues into the Sea which is called Salf-onreyn Salf-onreyn You may runne into Farosand at two and three fathome deepe and there standeth a church with a flatte
steeple upon the land From Farosand to Sliet-haven Sliet havē the course is south and by west three leagues and from thence to Ostergarde Ostergarde also south and by west four leagues From Ostergarde there lyeth an Iland which you may sayle round about and anckor where you will at seven or eight fathome You may sayle into Ostergarde about on both sides of the said Iland The south chanel reacheth in north at seven fathome and the east chanel north from the Iland reacheth in southwest and southsouthwest From Ostergarde to Houborch the southwest ende of Gotland the course is southwest and southwest and by south about twelve or thirteene leagues Betweene them both there lye four Havens called Santwick Narwick Boswick and Heylicholme The haven of Santwick Santwick reacheth in about northnorthwest within it is five and sixe fathome deepe there standeth a chappel upon the point of the land and there it is good lying This Haven and Ostergarde are distant southwest and by south and northeast and by north about a league and an half Narwick Narwick lyeth from Santwick southwest three leagues and on the east side of the Haven there lyeth a long rock which you must goe in by and leave the other sharpe rock on baghborde and anckor within the haven at four or five fathome A league west from Narwick lyeth Boswick Boswick there lyeth an Iland in the middle of the haven it is best to goe in south from it but you may also goe in north about it and then you leave the two rocks on starreborde it is a faire haven and in it is three fathome water A league south from it lyeth Heylich holme Heylich-holme it is also a good haven but it is litle knowne From Heylich holme to the south ende of Gotland the course is southwest five leagues On the south ende of Gotland there standeth a high steeple called Houborch Houborch At Houborch also there goeth in a haven you may anckor before it at sixe or seven fathome Sand of Gotland From the south point of Gotland there runneth a Sand a great waie into the Sea which is verie stonie but you may sound it about at seven eight and nine fathome IIII. The situation of Oeland Calmersond and so to Valsterbon FRom the south-point of Gotland to the southpoint of Oeland the course is as much westerly as southwest three-and-twentie or four-and-twentie leagues but the north ende of Oeland lyeth distant from the south ende of Gotland westnorthwest or as some saye west and by north tenne or eleven leagues .. The Iland of Oeland Oeland as some say is four-and-twentie leagues long and a great league broade when you sayle along by it you may telle eighteene steeples which are all flatte The eastcoast reacheth north and by east and south and by west it is a faire coast but about seven or eight leagues south from the north ende there shooteth off a Sand crosse from the land about a league into the Sea which you must shunne By it also there goeth in a haven Haven in Oeland where indifferent shippes may goe in otherwise Oeland hath never a Haven But within Calversond there a man may anckor under Oeland verie fitly to lade for there it is good lying in all places From the north ende of Oeland to the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe Sweathlād Ioncvrouwe the course is west and by south you may sayle round about it and anckor where you will there it is eighteene or nineteene fathome deepe From the Sweathland Ioncvrouwe to the rockes of Calmer the course is southsouthwest eleven leagues Calmersond Calmersond stretcheth through to Der-clipping south and by west and north-and by east twelve or thirteene leagues there it is not all to broad nor deepe there about you have three fathome and a foot deepe If you come out of the south you may runne in west also from the rockes but there it is no more then twelve foot deepe and that runneth in northnorthwest About eight leagues south from Calmer and four leagues north from the Rough Iland there lyeth a litle towne called Overschaer there abouts shooteth out a stonie Sand about a third part of a league from the shore into the Sea come no nearer unto it then tenne fathome From the south ende of Oeland there shooteth off a great Sand at least a great league into the Sea Sand of Oeland and there it is seven or eight fathome deepe when the chappel upon Suyder Norden is northwest a league from you there it is tenne or eleven fathom deepe you may sound it about at eight or nine fathome the south ende of Oeland is called Zuydernorden and the Sand is called the Sand of Zuydernorden From thence to Derclipping Derclipping it is westsouthwest eight leagues North from Derclippingh or Out-clippingh lyeth the Rough Iland Betweene that Iland and the firme land it is foule and craggie so that you cannot sayle through there but upon the east side of the Rough Iland you may saile along at tenne or twelve fathome without hurt On the west or northwest side of the Rough Iland there is good Rode where is good lying at eight or nine fathome faire ground against the northeast and east windes From Derclipping to Ahuys the course is west and west and by south tenne or eleven leagues betweene them both that is west and west and by north from Derclippingh five leagues lyeth a great rock called Malqueren Malqueren which you may anckor under North from this rock the towne called Rottenbuy Rottenbuy lyeth in a Creeke before it as also before Eleholme Eleholme you may anckor at sixe seven and eight fathome for there is good anckor ground There goeth up a river to Ahuys Ahuys of eight or tenne foot deep and before it as also before Selsborgh Selsborch the Rode is seven or eight fathome From Ahuys to Hanneu or Hanno the course is southeast five leagues Hanno Hanno is a high round Iland you may sayle and anckor round about it at tenne eleven and twelve fathome From Hanno to the north ende of Borneholme it is south and by east and north and by west eleven or twelve leagues distant South from Hanno lyeth a towne called Sant-haver Santhaver west or north from it lyeth Somer-haven Somer haven in a round baye and there it is verie good anckor ground From the north ende of Borneholme to Utstede the course is northwest eight leagues Wtstede But from Utstede to Valsterbon the coast reacheth about westsouthwest thirteene or fourteene leagues Thus the southende of Oeland sheweth when it is crosse from you V. Of the depths and grounds situate in these chanels BEtweene Gotland and the Sweathland rockes and skarres in the chanel it is 34 and 38 fathome deepe and close by Gotland it is 25 fathome deepe Two leagues from the land west from Ostergarde it is about one-and-thirtie
north from you there it will be four or five fathome deepe soft ground The markes of Reefshol are these there stand two or three trees on the high land west from Coppen haven they stand south from two or three hillocks when they come upon the uttermost trees which stand on the northwest side of Coppens haven then sayle southwest and by south till Torenbuy or Amack be against the beacon then goe in south and by west then a steeple which standeth crosse within the land west from you will come against a great stone then you are in the narrowe where in times past the shippes were sonke and you leave a wracke of a shippe lying on the south land and then the beacon and the steeple of Amack are there long markes Now to sayle further forward through that strait or narrowe waie goe in south and by west and when you are farre ynough in you may anckor where you will you lye there crosse the chanel with an anckor on the land and another to Seaward To turne againe to the Middle grounds or sands Middle tonne from the North tonne to the Middle tonne the course is south and by east and southsoutheast when you come to the Middle tonne then the southerlyest mille being south from the towne of Coppen haven and the flatte steeple come within a leaver or bowe length to the speere steeple these are the markes of the Middle tonne or second tonne in the shallowes or Sands and there it is eight or nine fathome deepe From the Middle tonne to the tonne upon Casper Caniel Tonne on Casmer Caniel the course is south and by east then the white castle commeth over the sharpe steeple and that is the marke of the third tonne or the tonne upon Casper Caniel which is the south ende of the Middle ground there it is not verie wide but shoring on both sides the depth is seven or eight fathome If you will lavere there you must winde as sone as it beginneth to drie on either of the sides From the third tonne to the fourth the course is south Fourth tonne The Fisher and south and by east this lyeth upon the north ende of Draker upon the flatte right over against it lyeth the Fisher which is a stone as I said before which lyeth above the water there you may sound the Southolme for there it is flat water Betweene this third and fourth tonne there commeth a chanel or haven running out from Coppen haven which is called Casmer Caniel Casmer Caniel From the fourth or South tonne in the Middle ground to Draker sand the course is south and south and by east you may sound the land of Draker at 3 4 and 4 fathome and an half Draker sand lyeth a good waie without Draker and it reacheth half a league eastward into the Sea Markes of the tonne upon Draker sand The marks of the tōne at Draker sand are these when the steeple of Coppenhaven is south from Draker upon the wood then you are against the tonne The dryest shallowest water that you finde is betweene this tonne upon Draker sand and the aforesaid fourth tonne there it is 5 fathome lesse a foot When you are against the tōne upon Draker sand then goe south and s by w. to Valsterboens sand or to Steden that is 5 leagues but from the tonne upon Draker sand to the Kuycke the course is s w. sixe leagues When comming out of the Sond you are past the Sand of Valsterboen then it is somewhat deeper when you followe your course to Borneholme but comming from the east then it begins speedely to be deeper when you are about the point of the Sand the further situation of Valsterboen is declared before III. How you may sayle out of the Sond to Elleboghen Malmuyen and Landscrone IF you will sayle out of the Sond to Elleboghen or Malmuyen then from Ween goe s e. and s e. and by s then you shall see the steeple or towne lye before you sayle to it in that chanel it is for the most part 7 or 8 fathome deepe but whē you come within the Saltholmes thē it is 5 or 6 fathome deepe the drougth soone riseth from seven to five fathome but before the towne it is flatte water there you may anckor at 3 4 or 5 fathome as you will Rode before Malmuyen you may also lye at the ende of the head at three fathome there it is good lying but with a n. w. winde there it is bad rode for it bloweth openly in If you will goe out againe south frō the Southolmes to Valsterbon or Steden then you must take heede of the Southolms they are soule round about from the north ende there shooteth a Sand something farr out on the east side upon the south ende it runneth out flatte verie farre and there also lyeth Nordvliet Nordvliet which is a stonie Sand which lyeth under the warer but you may see it lye greene under the water which you must leave on the Southolmes side that is on starborde Southvliet but Southvliet which lyeth against old Valsterboen you must leave on baghborde so runne through betweene them both in that water at the dryest it is four fathome deepe When you come from Malmuyen and that the steeple of Coppen haven commeth upon the south ende of Southolmes then you are past by Northvliet as you sayle through in this sort you must be verie watchfull and take heede of the grounds aforesaid You may also goe out along by the strand of Schoonen and leave both Northvliet and Southvliet on starreborde for you may sound that strand at four and five fathome as also the Sand of Valsterboen If you will sayle into Landscrone you must understand that there lyeth a shallowe Sand before the haven Landscrone you must runne south into it there standeth a church on the north side somewhat forward and a Gentlemans house somewhat further into the land bring the church against the house then you are free from that Sand then sayle in upon the point and anckor at three fathome Thus the land of Schoonen sheweth when you sayle through the Sands from Col to Valsterboen Col. Elsenborgh Landscrone Bersebeck Malmuyen Schoonen Valsterboen IIII. The situation of the Sond to Col and north from Zeeland to the Belt Col. FRom Elsenore or the Sond to the point of Col the course is northwest and northwest and by west 4 or 5 leagues About a quarter of a league north frō Elsenore lyeth Lappesand Lappesand on the west side of the chanel goe no nearer to it then 7 fathome you can not be hurt upon it On the east side about half waie betweene Col and Elsenborch lye the Swyneboden Swyneboden which reach off from the land a good waie into the Sea therfore when you are at the ende of Lappesand then goe n. w. by w. till Col Huyberts cometh out before begineth to lye
goeth in a haven which lyeth eastnortheast from Malesond it is a faire haven of tenne fathome deepe there is good anckor ground Consback about the lowe point you may see Consback lye north from you you may runne in betweene Ning or Nydingh and the firme land for there also it is flatte water Wynno From Malesond to Wynno the haven of Niloos the course is northnorthwest three leagues By Wynno you goe into the River of Niloos Reefsond the haven is called Reefsond there lyeth a rough Iland which you must leave on baghborde and the long rock on starreborde and so you must runne in through the rocks by the rugged Iland there are no blinde rocks which you neede to feare Whâ—n you come within the rugged Iland then you may anckor there behinde or within at twentie fathome The south chanel reacheth in northnorthwest it is wide and broade and goeth in at eight nine and tenne fathome FroÌ„ Reefâ—ond to Calfsond it is northnorthwest four leagues you must sayle into it south from a great rock Calfsond whereon there standeth a beacon south from the Haven there are manie great rockes and northward they are small rockes now when you are within the rockes about the point of the north land there you may anckor at fiveteene or sixteene fathome for there it is good anckor ground From Calfsond you goe forward to Bahuys and then you leave Connel on the left hand Bahuys Connel you may also goe within the rockes from Calfsond to the river of Nyleus Masterland and Calfsond lye about four leagues distant Mâ—sterland If you will sayle from Schagen to Masterland then goe eastnortheast then you shall see a round rock or hill called Bretto Bretto hill when that is eastnortheast from you and you sayle right upon it then you come open before Masterland and then you see the Pater-nosters lye before you which is a heape of out-rockes Paternosters which reach farre out into the Sea leave them on baghborde and sayle along by them eastnortheast east and by north till you come by the Iland of Masterland and when you come to the land then the River will open which reacheth in by the south side most east and by south and eastsoutheast and when you are within the Iland where the mast or beacon with the barrel upon it standeth then turne up southward behinde it and anckor before the towne for then you may see it lye before you there you put an anckor out before to seaward and make a rope fast upon the Kaye lying also with the sterne of the shippe at the Kaye You may goe into the Sea againe through the south chanel close along by the rock South chanel which lyeth in the middle of the chanel above the water you may goe about on both sides of this rock but within the rock which lyeth above the water there lyeth a blinde rock and on the south side there lyeth a great rock that lyeth somewhat more outward then that which lyeth above it and there lyeth also a blinde rock under the water on the Iland upon the north side of the rock which lyeth in the chanel The chanel reacheth in most east and east and by north there all about it is good anckor ground and you may also sayle within through the rockes to the havens or rivers of Bahuys Nileus Thus the land sheweth betweene Waersberghen and Masterland Britto Waersberghen VII The situation betweene Col and Schaghen ANout sand and Col lye distant from each other northwest and southeast about eleven leagues you may easely see them both upon the hatches of the shippe in cleare wether when you are betweene them in that chanel it is twentie and two-and-twentie fathome deepe From Anout sand to Zeeland the course is southsoutheast twelve or thirteene leagues Betweene Anout and Zeeland it is fiveteene and sixteene fathome deepe Anout sand is verie shoring and reacheth from Anout about eastnortheast into the Sea but when you come out of the west you may sound it at seventeene or eighteene fathome but when you come out of the Sond with a sharpe winde then you can not sound it On the north side of Anout you may ancker at tenne or eleven fathome so that then you may shunne the Sand to goe to the Sond Betweene Col and Anout there lyeth a banck which is no deeper then seven or eight fathome sometimes the streame raveleth much thereon There lyeth another banck betweene the banck of Anout and Valkenborch of twelve fathome which reacheth to Haland which also in some places is no deeper then eight fathome a litle south from Anout sand Betweene Anout and Waersberghen in the chanel it is two-and twentie fathome deepe but there also there lyeth a banck betweene them both of tenne fathome deepe when you are forced to lye by a winde betweene Anout and Lesou and that you finde twentie fathome deepe then you must knowe that you beginne to fall neare to Norwaie side but when you runne westward and finde but twelve thirteene fourteene and fiveteene fathome then you must knowe that you are towards the Iutsche or Anout side then you must winde againe towards Norwaie but where the bancks aforesaid lye is declared before there you must looke to it passing to and againe over it least thereby you should erre and goe out of the waie If you must be forced to laveere betweene Lesou and Anout or betweene the Sond and Schaghen by night or in mistie wether you must not spare your lead the chanel for the most part is twentie one-and-twentie two-and-twentie and three-and-twentie fathome deepe Betweene Anout and Lezou in the right chanel it is five-and-twentie fathome deepe but right betweene Anout and Lezou it is flatte water of seven or eight fathome There you may sayle through betweene them both till you come to the Belt Anout on the west side is verie foule and full of Dwalegrounds of two or three fathome From the Sand of Anout to the Trindle it is northwest tenne or eleven leagues Trindle The Trindle lyeth northeast from the north ende of Lezou three leagues upon it is about eight foot water but as some saye but four foot It is stonie sand ground and a Flatte in bignesse as much as two Morgens of land Lezou it lyeth extended along the chanel and on the northeast side there lyeth a tonne upon it From Lezou there commeth a Flat towards the Trindle which you may sound at three or four fathome When you sayle through betweene Lezou and the Trindle then the nearer to the Trindle you have the deeper water that is 5 6 7 fathome spare not your lead by night about the Trindle nor come no nearer unto it on the out side then 9 or 10 fathome What may be said more of the Trindle as also of the full situation of the Iland Lezou with the bancks and Flats shooting out from it and how you
deg 15 or 20 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 32. Beschrÿvinge der Zeecusten van Noorweghen geleghen tusschen Berghen en̄ Dronten hoemen alle Havenen en̄ Foorden aldaer beseÿlen en̄ alle periculose clippen en̄ rudsen mÿden sal Description des costes marines de Norvege situez entre Bergues et Dronten et comment on abordera a ladicte coste tous Ports et Haures et evitera tous dangereux rochiers et escueilz CHAPTER XIII A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Norwaie from Berghen or Ielteford to the North Cape I. The situation betweene the Waghe of Berghen and the point of Stadt Harle THe Iland of Harle is five leagues long south from it Harleforde goeth in sayling into it you come into the Waghe of Berghen The same waie also you goe into Ielteforde but that reacheth in west or behinde Asland as it is shewed in the Chapter before Also when you come out of the north you may sayle about the Iland of Harle and so come also into the Waghe of Berghen From Ielteford or the Waghe of Berghen northnorthwest and north and by west eleven or twelve leagues lye the rockes called Wtweere Wtweere tockes they are out-rockes which reach somewhat into the Sea about three leagues There betweene them both it is all broken rockie land which you may sayle through for the Northerne Iachts sayle all through within the Kielstrome and come down from Kyne all within the rockes behinde the Iland of Harle to Berghen From Wtweer rockes to Olde it is northnorthwest and north and by west twelve or thirteene leagues betweene them both lyeth Zuydfort Zuydvort which is a faire haven there lye two Ilands before and you must runne in betweene them both Olde Old is a high rock and lyeth alone it sheweth like a saddle and on both sides goeth round downe you may sayle southward into Old and come north out againe and also north in and south out Oldsond reacheth in northeast When Olde is east from you then there is a haven which is three leagues from the uttermost rock for there lye two rockes right west from Old and two westnorthwest from thence those rockes you must leave on baghborde When Old is southeast from you there lye two or three rockes which you must leave on starreborde and goe in eastnortheast then you finde three or four Ilands which you must leave on baghborde and then goe close along by the east ende of the Iland and you shall see Stadt lye without the land of Old The innermost land of Old is high land and hillie as if it were houses the hackled land which standeth inward is the land of Stadt About northwest and northwest and by north from Old there lye two smooth rockes some part above and some part under the water North from Oldsond lyeth Kyne and Ornel Kyn Ornel which is like a saddle for a horse and goeth round downe on both sides you may sayle in southward to it and come out againe north and so you doe Kine also From Olde to Kyne it is four leagues Stadt but Olde and Stadt lye about eleven leagues distant Betweene Kyne and Olde there goeth a great River into the land whereon there lye two townes called Waldres and Esterdal Kyne is an Iland and openeth like the hoofe of a cowe or like a bishops Miter Behinde Kyne there is a faire haven Northwest and by west from Kyne there lye three or four rockes some under the water Southwest and by west also there lye rockes under and above the water these rockes lye at least three leagues from the land North from Kyne lye the out-rockes of Wtover Wtover and there forward it is all sound land to Flowach North about the point of Stadt lyeth an Iland or rock called Swinost which lyeth four leagues north from the point Swinost about half waie betweene Stadt and the Iland of Geske Thus the land about Northford and Southford sheweth when it lyeth east and by south from you Thus the Fore-lands about Stadt shew Stadt Kyne Ornel Olde When the point of Stadt is northeast and by north from you then the land of Stadt Kyne and Olde sheweth thus Stadt This should have followed above for it is the situation of the land about Olde II. How you shall sayle from Stadt along the Liet of Roemsdale to Boede or the Stopples ABout eight leagues north from Stadt lyeth the Iland Flowach Flowach and the Iland Geske lyeth there northwards The Iland which some of our Hollanders call Geske the Bores or Husbandmen in Norwaie call Sandowe Geske but behinde it lyeth a litle lowe long Iland which they call Geske From the fore part of the Iland Sandowe there shooteth out a point of sand toward Flowach when you come out of the Sea you must turne about behinde that point and there you may ancker at tenne fathome faire ground against the Iland Geske but you must not sayle farre beyond the foresaid point for there lyeth a blinde rock somewhat inward close by Sandowe Therefore you must ancker close within the point there stand litle beacons or warders on the shore that thereby the Rode may be knowne Betweene Sandow and Flowach you must fayle in eastward and that is the beginning of the Liet of Dronten Right south from Flowach there lyeth an Iland called Harle or Hary Harle or Hary you may also goe in by it to the Liet of Dronten or Roemsdale but southeast from Flowach there goeth a great river up to Zuydmer or Nordmer The Iland Sandowe hath a strand round about it Sandowe and there standeth a church upon it there you may goe in about north and south on both sides And east from Geske there lye three or four great Ilands which you may also runne in betweene goe to the Liet of Dronten The first great Iland east from Geske is Luycko north from it Luyckesond goeth in Luycko Luycsond it reacheth about southeast and northwest The Liet reacheth from Luycko along by the Iland Lever to Beresond most part northeast and by north and southwest and by south through betweene Roemsdale rockes but without about it reacheth northeast and by east and southwest and by west If you will goe into Roemsdale you may goe in east or north by Gounske or Gomsky Roemsdale Gounske Samso it reacheth in east and east by south North from Samso that is betweene Samso and Gounske there runneth in a haven east and by south you may goe into all these havens or chanels if you will goe into Roemsdale to the Liet and when you are in Liet The Iland Lever there lyeth the aforesaid Iland called Lever which you may sayle round about The haven of Roemsdale reacheth in from the Liet southeast and northwest From the Iland of Lever to Boede the Liet reacheth northeast Boede is an out-point Boede which is fast to the firm land by a neck or
southerlyer 14 or 16 leagues From Warhouse to the point of Kegor or Osterhaven southeast and southeast and by south 11 or 12 leagues From the point of Kegro to Laus southeast and southeast and by south about 9 leagues From Laus to the River of Cola south and by east and southsoutheast about 11 leagues From Kilduyn to the Seven Ilands southeast 19 leagues From the Seven Ilands to Swetenose southeast 21 leagues From Swetenose to Lambasco southsoutheast 13 leagues From Lambasco to Orlogenes southsoutheast and south and by east about 6 or 7 leagues From Orlogenes to Cape de Candenoes northeast 47 leagues From Kilduyn to Costintsarke upon Nova Zembla east and by north 118 leagues VI. Of the heigth of these Countreys THe Iland of Kilduyn lyeth under 69 degrees 34 minutes Cape de Candenose lyeth under 68 degrees 46 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 36. CHAPTER XV. A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of Russia Corellen and Lapland and also the Coast of Russia betweene Cape de Candenose and Nova Zembla or the Strait of Waigats I. The situation betweene Orloghones and the River of Archangel FRom Orloghones to the three Ilands Three Ilands as I have also shewed in the Chapter before the course is southsoutheast five leagues from thence three leagues distant southsouthwest lyeth the river of Ponoy Ponoy The Mouth of the White Sea is but eleven leagues broad about four leagues from the three Ilands in the middle of the Mouth of the White Sea there lyeth a Sand A Sand in the Mouth of the white Sea which in some places at a lowe water is bare you must sayle westward about it and you may also goe eastward about it but there it is flatte water and verie shallowe From the three Ilands to the Iland Sousnowits which is coÌ„monly called the Crosse Iland Crosse Iland the course is southsouthwest thirteene leagues but from Ponoy it is eleven leagues Sousnowits Southeast and by south from the three Ilands on the Russia side the Mesensche Golf Mesensche Golfe goeth in whereinto there runneth a great river to Colmogro and there goeth another river into the land whereon the towne of Slowodo Slowodo lyeth From the Crosse Iland or Sousnowits to the Cats or Catsnose point which is also called the Blue or Graie point Catsnoes or Graie point the course is southwest and by south twentie or one-and-twentie leagues upon the south side of the chanel there lyeth a banck Banck which is no deeper then three fathome it is at least seven or eight leagues long and reacheth southwest and by west and northeast and by east From Catsnose point to the Mouth of the river of Archangel the course is south and by west seventeene leagues Thus the Iland of Orloghones sheweth southward from the three Ilands Ponoy and the Crosse Iland Crosse Iland Ponoy Orloghones Three Ilands II. How you shall sayle into and up the River of Archangel VVhen you goe south and by west from Blue point to S. Nicolas you see the land a great waie west from S. Nicolas which sheweth like a long peece of land and a litle nearer to the River you see more land which openeth it self as if it were a round Iland and after that you may see the steeple of S. Nicolas S. Nicolas when the steeple of S. Nicolas standeth south and south and by west from you then you are open before the Mouth of the River of Archangel Markes of the haven If you will goe into the River then sayle upon the steeple of S. Nicolas untill you see the Cape which standeth upon the west side place that a lever or bowe length west from S. Nicolas steeple then there come two small downes under the said steeple those two small downes lye right west from the crosse downe and there lyeth also another downe westward which also is greater for those downes are verie small then the steeple standeth also in a valleye of the wood which are all markes of this haven Having brought the Cape so as I said then sayle in upon it south and south and by west and sometimes somewhat easterlyer You may also place the Cape and the steeple right against each other and goe in upon them Depth in the chanel then you goe in along by the west side which farre off from the land is altogether flatte Wâ—thout before the haven it is five four and three fathome deepe but in the mouth or upon the Drumple of the haven it is no deeper at high water then fiveteene or sixteene foot and at lowe water twelve or thirteene foot But when you can not see the Cape or that it is gone then you may bring the towne of S. Nicolas into the wood in such manner as that almost the third part of the wood be westward and almost the other two third partes of the wood stand eastward of it When you have gotten to the mouth of the River you must sometimes goe easterlyer as south and south and by east till you come to the west side then goe close along by it and put not off from it untill you come against the white pleck or place on the west side to the place the which is marked in the Carde with the letter A. Then strike over from it east and by south and eastsoutheast right to the point of the wood on the east side and so southeast along by the east side close by the land but against the two Ilands which lye on starborde it is verie foule and shallowe along by the east side which you must look to but goe along by the east side untill you come to the first river on baghborde then strike over againe to the west side southsouthwest to the bought there on the east side it is flatte water and when you are in the bought then goe on eastsoutheast and then east and by south to the Stone-reach Stone-reach there sayle in the middle of the river along by the tonnes for they lye in the middle of the chanel and on both the sides of the tonnes it is uneven rugged ground When you come against the Stone-reach there standeth a fishers house upon the west side by the litle river that runneth into the land on the north ende or west ende of the Stone reach against that foresaid house there lyeth a great stone under the water about which you may sayle on both sides it lyeth about the middle in the chanel as you sayle forward but Mariners are accustomed to sayle westward about along by the west side as also through the Stone-reach for the west side is deepe ynough and in some places soft yeelding ground but the east side is full of stones When you are past the tonnes then you must againe keepe some thing off from the shore There was wonte to lye an Iland at the ende of the Stone reach but not long since it is wholly cutte and broken awaie by
the yce When you are through the Stone-reach then the course is first southeast and then southeast and by south into the bought then goe eastsoutheast and keepe along by the west side till you see the towne of Archangel Archangel then sayle right to it but shunne the point on baghborde for that is foule To sayle further up the river from Archangel to Colmogro it is about twelve or thirteene leagues To sayle to Colmogro most southeast crooking about according to the stretching of the crookings of the River From the haven of Podessemsche or from the River of Archangel to the Rode of S. Nicholas it is four leagues there standeth a beacon upon the ende of the Iland whereon the English house standeth and west from that beacon is the Rode for the English shippes at sixe or seven fathome as you lye neare or farre from the land The English river English River reacheth in eastnortheast and northeast and by east along by the closter of S. Nicolas but it is a drie River so that no shippes may goe into it but you must lade your shippes with lighters or boates About southwest and southwest and by west from the mouth of the River of Archangel there lyeth a Salt-Iland Salt Iland whereon there standeth a closter it is fast to the firme land From thence to Cape de Onega Cape de Onega the land reacheth west and by north III. The situation of the Coast of Russia betweene Cape de Candenoes and Nova Zembla CApe de Candenoes Cape de Candenoes and Orloghones lye distant northeast and southwest seven-and-fortie leagues this point of Candenoes is a place well to be knowne upon it there stand five Crosses for markes and when you fall upon it you may perfectly perceive that the land falleth on the one side southwest to the white Sea and southeast to the other side About thirteene leagues east from Cape de Candenoes there lyeth an Iland called Morsonowits Morsonowits and east there goeth a great creeke into the land but it is verie flatte water with manie shallowes and dwalegrounds Eere now it hapened that some ships sayled intâ— this place thinking that they sayled into the mouth of the white Sea knewe not where they were for it is almost one heigth stretching with the white Sea but it is easily to be knowne and discerned by the land for the Coast of Russia east from Candenoes is altogether downie lands and flat strand but the Coast of Lapland is high and hillie Within this River there runneth up a River through the land which you may goe through with Lodges into the White Sea Against this creeke about six-and-twentie leagues east and east and by south from Candenoes lyeth the Iland of Colgoia Colgoia which is thirteene leagues long you may sayle round about it but on the south side there goeth a great Sand or shelf along by the land when you come out of the east you must shunne it for it is fast to the west ende of the Iland Upon this Iland there are a great number of Geese which in Somer are all cleane naked without anie fethers they sitte and hatch upon one egge which lyeth under them and so breede their young ones and are so great a number there that the Russians goe there on land with their Lodges and laye a deale or board upon the land and drive the geese with staves in so great number into their Iachts and Lodges that they salt great number of them in barrels From Candenoes to the Iland Tussara Tussara it is eastsoutheast three-and-fortie leagues Betweene them both the Creeke aforesaid goeth in West from Tussara lyeth the point of Swelgenoes Swelgenoes From Tussara to the River of Colcova Colcova the course is east seveÌ„ leagues it is a good River being twelve foot deepe but there is no other trade there but that the Russians come thither from Colmogro and S. Nicolas with Lodges to traffique there and to barter their wares for skinnes and other wares Seven leagues east from the River of Colcova lyeth the river of Pitsana Pitsana in it there is but sixe foot water it is an unknowne place but right west from it there lyeth a Sand which you must shunne for Oliver Brunel in his voyage to Nova Zembla fell on ground upon it About thirteene leagues east from Pitsana lyeth the River of Pitsora Pitsora which reacheth in by the east point southsoutheast it is twelve foot deepe there the land is lowe and downie and on the west side there standeth a Packhouse with some Crosses when you are within the River then you turne up westward to the Packhouse and there you must ancker at three and four fathome for there is a great Haf or Inland-water you must shuÌ„ne the east side of the River for it is full of Sands and Bankes The towne of Pitsora lyeth about six-and-twentie dutch myles into the Land and there is great abundance of Skinnes and Cristal Betweene Pitsora and Waygates lyeth Oltgin Oltgin and without upon the land there lye two rockes or â—ands the one called Orangien â—raâ—gâ—a the other Grave Maurits Graâ—l Mourits there you may ancker under them at sixe or seven fathome from the southerlyest there commeth a Sand shooting off but you may well sound it at three fathome East and west from these two Ilands there is a great Creeke it is flatte water there the land runneth round about to the point of Pitsora altogether in one Creeke from Pitsora to Waygates and it is from Pitsora to Waygates northeast and northeast and by east two-and-thirtie leagues IIII. The situation of Waygates and Nova Zembla VVaygates Waygates which also is called the Strait of Nossowe is a Strait which you may sayle through into the Tartarian Sea which first reacheth about east and then northeast till you be through it about eight or nine leagues about the middle thereof there lyeth an Iland which you may sayle about on both sides A litle within the point on the north side there lyeth a faire Baye Traâ—nbâ—y which you may sayle into as deepe as you will at five four and three fathome good ancker grounâ— along by the east side it is deepe water and there you lye â—aâ—e from all kinde of windes and currants of yce This Strait or narrowe passage hath been twice sought to finde a waie to goe north about Tartaria to the rich Kingdomes of China and Cathaya and so to the Molucques but it was all in vaine because of the great yce which all the yeere long stayeth there and can never melt by meanes of the continuall colde From the east ende of the Strait of Waygates to the Creeke of Oby Oby it is eastsoutheast southeast by east fortie leagues There eastward the land reacheth forth northeast fortie leagues more to the two northerly rivers then reacheth
also northeast forward but how farre it is yet unknowne The west coast of Nova Zembla reacheth from Waygates or northwards to Costinsarck about northnorthwest three-and fiftie leagues and there about the north it is about north and by east to the point of Longhenes or the States point and then northnortheast northeast and eastnortheast to the Ilands of Orange the northerlyest part of Nova Zembla which lyeth under seven-and-seventie degrees and an half V. What Moone maketh high water heere and how the streames rise and fall AT the three Ilands it is high water with a southwest and northeast moone At Catsnose point an east and west moone maketh high water Before Podessemsche and S. Nicolas an east and by south and wâ—st and by north moone maketh high water At the Iland of Nova Zembla a southeast moone maketh high water Fâ—om Orloghones the three Ilands the streame falleth into the mouth of the White Sea to the Graie point of Catsnose about southsouthwest and southwest and by west But about the point of Catsnose the streame falleth into the White Sea part to Warsiga and Ombay and also to Podessemsche and S. Nicolas south and south and by west and so falleth out and into the River of Archangel East from Candenoes to the Iland of Colgoya the streame falleth east and east by south as also along by the same Iland from Colgoya to Waygates the streame falleth east west Along by Nova Zembla the streames followe the moone along by Russia they come betweene Candenoes and Pitsora out of the west and westnorthwest and so fall along by Russia The streames to Waygates come from Colgoya and Nova Zembla and fall with the others east and by north through the Strait of Waygates to the river of Oby so that the ebbes and the floods keepe the chanels of Waygates open whereby manie times they are without yce or at least but with such yce as driveth in sholes or great stakes But east from Waygates the floods come out of the northeast and so fall into Oby and into the Strait of Nassowe the water there riseth and falleth but it holdeth no certaine tydes VI. Of the depths and grounds as well east as west from Waygates ALl the whole Coast along from Candenoes to Waygates you finde a flatte rising ground most part sand and soft or steek-ground When you sayle in mistie wether you must understand that you are at eight or nine fathome depth four or five leagues from the Coast but when you are at thirtie five-and-thirtie or fortie fathome then you are farre ynough from the land so it is also along by Nova Zembla as also before the east side of Waygates but when you come before the chanel it is shallower VII How these Lands are distant from each other FRom Orloghenoes to the three Ilands s s c. 5 leagues From the three Ilands to the Iland with the crosse called Sousnowits southsouthwest 13 leagues From the Crosse Iland to Catsnoes or the Graie point south by west 17 leagues From Podesemsche or the river of Archangel to the Salt Iland southwest and somewhat westerlyer 7 leagues From the Salt Iland to Cape de Onega west and west and by north 18 or 19 leagues From Cape de Onega to the Ilands of Solofky northwest and by west 20 leagues From the Ilands of Solofky to the Somma west and west and by south 9 leagues From Candelex to Ombay southeast and by east 13 leagues From Ombay to Stulsland southeast 11 leagues From Stulsland to Warsiga e. s e. 16 leagues From Warsiga to Pelitsa e. s e. 16 leagues From Pelitsa to Sousnowits or the Crosse Iland e. n. e. and somewhat northerlyer 13 leagues From Ombay to Warsiga southeast and by east 25 leagues From Warsiga to Coroa eastsoutheast 11 leagues From Coroa to Craswick east 7 leagues From Craswick to Polongi east 7 leagues From Polongi to the Iland Sousnowits n. e. by e. 8 leagues From Orloghenoes to C. de Candenoes northeast 47 leagues From Candenoes to the Iland Colgoya e. and by s 26 leagues From Candenoes to Swelgenoes s e. and by e. 29 leagues From Candenoes to the Iland Morsonowits s e. 13 leagues From Candenoes to Tussara e. s e. 43 leagues From Tussara to Colcova east 7 leagues From Colcova to Pitsana east and by north 7 leagues From Pitsana to Pitsora east and east and by north distant about 13 leagues From Pitsora to Waygates about northeast and by east distant 14 or 16 leagues VIII Some long and crosse courses from the White Sea and also from Russia betweene C. de Candenoes and Nova Zembla FRom Catsnoes or the Graie point to the Ilands of Solofky west somewhat southerlyer 37 leagues From Catsnoes to Warsiga northwest and somewhat westerlyer 29 or 30 leagues From Catsnoes to Polongi northwest by north 23 leagues From the Iland of Solofky to Ombay in Lapland the course is north 32 or 33 leagues From Solofky to Warsiga northeast and somewhat easterlyer 32 leagues From Solofky to Polongi northeast and by east 51 leagues From Candenoes to Costintsarke in Nova Zembla northeast by east about 61 leagues From the east ende of Colgoya to Waygates east 60 leagues From Pitsora to the east ende of Colgoya w. n. w. 43 leagues IX Vnder what degrees these Countreys lye as writings do witnesse THe point of Catsnoes or the Graie point lyeth under 65 degrees S. Nicolas or the River of Archangel lyeth under 64 degrees 30 minutes The Ilands of Solofky lye under 65 degrees Ombay lyeth under 66 degrees 45 minâ— Cape de Candenoes lyeth under 69 degrees 30 minâ— The Iland of Colgoya lyeth under 69 degrees 10 minu The Rivers of Colcova Pitsana and Pitsora lye under 68 degrees 30 minu Waygates or the Strait of Nassowe lyeth under 69 degâ— 40 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 37. CHAPTER XVI THE DESCRIPTION OF the Ilands of Fero or Ferre also of Hitland Fulo and Fayrhil I. The situation of the Ilands of Fero. The names of the Ilands of Fero. TThe greatest and chiefest Ilands of Fero are twelve in number as Suydro Sando Mogghenes Waghe Stromo Ostro Calso Cuno Bordo Wydro Swyno and Fulo the small Ilands of Fero are tenne as Littledymen Stoerdymen Schuyvo Dalsfles Hesten Trollo Closter Mogghenesholme Monick and the Bishop Besides these there are some rockes small Ilands sixe or seven in number The southerlyest great Iland called Suydro Suydro it reacheth most southeast and northwest about seven or eight leagues On the southeast ende of this Iland there lyeth a high rock called the Monick Monick or Somby Somby after the name of the first or southerlyest haven in Suydro Betweene the Monick and the southeast ende of Zuydro there is a Ras or Well which you must shunne specially at a Spring tyde Upon the west side of this Iland of Suydro there are no havens for shippes to lye at Rode in for it is
by east from Blackney there lyeth a banck whereon at half flood there is no more then five fathome water and at eighteene fathome you may see the land there to the point of Chappel it is all flatte or shallowe Northeast and northeast and by north from Cromere there lyeth also a banck whereon there is but four fathome water at half flood from thence you may easily see the land Winterthon sand lyeth about four or five leagues from the land and northwest from Winterthon Against Winterthon and Cromere seven or eight leagues into the Sea it is eighteene and nineteene fathome deepe and there you may see the land VIII How these Places lye distant from each other FRom Coket Iland to Tinmouth s s e. 7 or 8 leagues From Tinmouth to Hartlepoole or the Teese southsoutheast 8 or 9 leagues From Teese to Whitbye eastsoutheast 7 leagues From Whitbye to Scarborowe southeast 5 leagues From Scarborowe to Philo southeast 3 leagues From Philo to Flamborowe head southeast 3 leagues From Flamborowe head to the north point of Humber south and by east 8 or 9 leagues From Raven spurre to Elleknock south and south and by east 7 leagues Eijgentlijck ontwerp vande Noortcuste van Engelandt tusschen Jarmuijen en̄ het Coggen eijlandt met alle inwijcken houckē havenen reeden en̄ rieviērē daer aen gelegē mitsgaders aller sandē banckē droochten en̄ ondiepten diemen aldaer te schouwen heeft alles gestelt op zijne rechte streckinghe ende coursen Vraije contrafaicture des costes Septentrionales d'Angleterre entre Jarmout et l'Jsle de Cocquet avecq touts les Goulfes Cabes Havres rades et rivieres a lesdictes costes ensemble touts bancqs de sable et guez quon ÿ a a eviter le tout dressé selon ses vraijes distances et rvutes From Elleknock or the north point of Boston haven to Chappel southsoutheast about 5 leagues From Chappel to Burnham eastnortheast 3 leagues From Burnham to Blackney through within the sands it is east 7 leagues From Blackney to Cromere eastsoutheast 4 leagues From Cromere to Hasberghnesse southeast by east 4 leagues From Hasebergnesse to Keson southsoutheast and somewhat easterlyer 7 leagues From Keson to Yarmouth more then a league From Tinmouth or Newcastle to Robbenhoods baye southeast 19 leagues From Teese to Flamborowe southeast and by east 19 leagues From Flamborowe head to Chappel or the Sonck south and by east 19 or 20 leagues From Flamborowe head to Blackney or Schilt southeast or somewhat southerlyer 24 leagues From Flamborowe head to Winterton sand or the Holmes of Yarmouth southeast 29 leagues IX The situation of these Countreys from others FRom Tinmouth or Newcastle to Schuytenes northeast 104 leagues From Tinmouth to der Neus northeast and by east and somewhat easterlyer 104 leagues From Tinmouth to Schaghen eastnortheast 136 leagues From Tinmouth to Heyligheland east and east and by south 106 leagues From Tinmouth to the Texel eastsoutheast and southeast and by east 90 leagues From Scarborowe to der Neus northeast and southwest about 99 leagues From Scarborowe to Bovenberghen eastnortheast and somewhat northerlyer 101 leagues From Scarborowe to Heylighe land east somewhat southerly 93 leagues From Flamborowe head to the Eems east and somewhat southerly 85 leagues From Flamborowe head to Marsdeepe or Texel eastsoutheast 61 leagues From the point of Cromere or Schilt to the Texel east about 40 or 42 leagues X. Vnder what degrees as the Cardes shewe these Lands lye TInmouth or Newcastle river lyeth under 55 degrees Scarborowe lyeth under 54 degrees 12 minutes Flamborowe head lyeth under 54 degrees 5 minutes The east point of Humber lyeth under 53 degrees 20 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 41. CHAPTER XX. THE DESCRIPTION OF the Sea-coasts of England from Yarmouth to the Foreland and also the situation of the famous River of London I. How to sayle into the Rodes of Yarmouth and Leystaf TO sayle into the rode of Yarmouth through the Holmes place the speere steeple which standeth within the land north from Yarmouth right against the broad castle or place the mille on the north side of the towne keepe these markes standing so and so goe in westnorthwest you shall not finde lesse water in that chanel then eight or nine fathome at half flood This rode is called S. Nicholas rode S. Nicolas Rode and on the north side it is deepest when you are within it then the rode is five or sixe fathome right before the towne Against the haven of Yarmouth there goeth a chanel also through the Holmes to sayle through it comming from the south then set Suython over against the north side of the havē and the great tree betweene Northon and the flat house or castle and sayle upon them and keepe those markes standing so till you are within the Holmes and when you are within then there lyeth a Sand on the right hand right north from the haven called the Middle ground Middle-ground you may goe about it on both sides to landward at five fathome but towards the Holmes or east about from them eight or nine fathome This banck reacheth north to Keson and Cockling To goe into the rode of Yarmouth comming from the north you must goe along by the land as I said before you may also sayle so along by the land to Leystaf To sayle through the Holmes of Yarmouth into the rode of Leystaf Leystaf then marke the brew-house which lyeth north from Leystaf when the mille which standeth on high is over against the Brew-house then there goeth a chanel west and west and by south through the Holmes there at half flood it is two fathome deepe and before the brew-house there the rode is five fathome deepe When Leystaf steeple is west and by north and westnorthwest from you then you are at the south ende of the Holmes you may sayle in there to the south or north rode and ancker south from Leystaf or els north before the brewhouse that is the best rode II. The situation betweene Leystaf and the Nase FOur leagues south frō Leystaf there standeth a high speere steeple called Cochey A banck against Cochey against it to Seaward there lyeth a banck but you may sayle through betweene the land and this banck at three fathome with half flood when the steeple of Cochey is westnorthwest from you then you are south from the banck but when Ees is southwest and by west from you then you are on the north side of the banck South from Cochey lyeth Swolle Swolle which hath a haven that at half flood is two fathome deepe but betweene Swolle and Orfordnesse lyeth Dunwich Dunwich From Leystaf to Orfordnesse or Abre the course is south tēne or eleven leagues Southeast eight leagues from Orfordnesse Orfordnesse lyeth the Nase The Nase Betweene them both lyeth the haven of Harwich More then a league eastsoutheast from Abre lyeth Abreknock and betweene Abreknock and
the Veere it is full Sea with a south and by west and a north and by east moone Before Ramekens Armue a s s w. moone makes a ful Sea Before the Briel a southwest and northeast moone Before Delfs haven a w. s w. moone maketh full Sea Before Rotterdam a s w by s moone maketh high water Before Marsdeepe an east west moone maketh full Sea Before Tessel at Copevaerders Rode an e. s e. and w. n. w. moone maketh high water Vpon Wieringer Flat it is high water with a s e. moone XVII Of the depths against these places and at what depths a man may see the land BEtweene the Marsdeepe the Heads in the right chanel it is 23 or 24 fathome deepe but cōming by Goodwin or about the Foreland it is 26 28 and 30 fathome deepe the nearer Goodwin the deeper water Right without the Flemish banckes it is 18 19 20 fathome deepe Betweene the Breadth-fourteen and the land it is deepe 19 fathome as soone as it is 16 or 17 fathome then you begin to see the land upō the Breadth-fourteene it is 14 fathome deepe The high steeples of Holland and West Vreesland are seene sooner then the downes as Egmont upon the Sea the steeples of Egmont within Wyck upon the Sea Sandvoord and other steeples and then you are about 5 leagues from the land and then it is 14 or 15 fathome deepe But Camper downes and the downes against Hhaerlem are seene before some steeples now most of the steeples are flatte except Scheveling and Sandvoort Before the Mase and Goree you may see land at 14 or 15 fathome You may see Sealand frō the poope of the ship at 16 fathom You may see Flanders at 15 or 16 fathome and then you are within the tayle of the Flemish banckes The Clif of Calis the point of Dover may be seene when you are before the Heads at 24 fathome XVIII How these places lye one from another FRom Tessel to Petten south by west 4 leagues From Petten to Egmont s s west 4 leagues From Egmont to the Mase south south w. 15 leagues From the land of Vooren to Goree southwest 2 leagues From Goree to the land of Schouwen south w. 2 leagues From the land of Schouwen to Walcheren south w. 4 leagues From Flushing to Blanckenhergh w. s w. 10 leagues From Blanckenbergh to Ostende s w. by west 2 leagues From Ostende to Newport west southwest 3 leagues From Newport to Duynkerck west south west 5 leagues From Duynkerck to Greveling west south west 4 leagues From Greveling to Calis w. s w. 4 leagues From Calis to Calis Cliffe southwest and by west 1 league XIX How these places lye distant from other countries FRom Tessel to Bornriffe the course southwest northeast about 12 leagues From Tessel to the Mase the course s s w. 24 leagues From the Mase to Kaybanck the course s w. n. e. 18 leagues From Tessel to Pas of Calis southwest somewhat more southerlyer n. e. and somewhat more northerlyer 52 leagues Calis lyeth s w. by south from Tessel then you come upon the Flemish bancks and the Foreland lyeth s w. from Tessel then you come upon Goodwin or Querens Therefore everie man must be verie warie and take heede thereof The Flemish Banckes may be sounded with the lead at 15 16 fathome and the chanel is 24 25 fathome deepe But Goodwin is steepe and uneven for at one casting of the lead you have 26 fathome and at another cast of the lead you shall be fast upon the Sand the south ende of Goodwin you may sound at 15 and 16 fathome From Tessel or Marsdeepe to Calis Cliffe s w. by s 52 leagues From Tessel to the Foreland southwest 47 leagues From Tessel to Orfordnesse west-south-west 36 leagues From Tessel to Yarmouth west w. by s 32 leagues From Tessel to Schilt or Crammer west 40 leagues From Tessel or Marsdeepe to Flamborough-head w.n.w. 60 le From Marsdeepe to Lieth in Schotland northwest and by west and somewhat more northerlyer 100 leagues From Marsdeepe to Newcastle w. n. w. and somewhat northherlyer 81 leagues From Tessel to Bokenes n. w and n. w. by n. 118 leagues From Marsdeepe to Aberdyne northwest and somewhat northerlyer 113 leagues From Marsdeep to Lieth of Bergen in Norwaie n. 117 leagues Frō Marsdeepe to the northende of Hitland n.n.w. 160 leagues Then you fall about five leagues eastward of the land From Marsdeepe to the Neuse n. and by e. 93 leagues From the Mase to Nase e. and by w. 29 leagues From the Mase or Goree to Dover s w. and by w. 36 leagues From Flushing to the Foreland east and west somewhat southerlyer 24 leagues From the Wielings to Dover w. s w. 24 leagues Out of Pas de Calis to the Riffe n. n. east 120 leagues From Calis Cliffe to the Neuse in Norwaie n. by e. 153 leag XX. Vnder what degrees these places be HUysduynen lyeth just under 53 degrees sayle east out of the North Sea and you shall see it The north cape or point of the Mase lyeth under 52 deg you shall sayle by it when you sayle east under this heigth Flushing Ramekens and Westchappel lye under 51½ degrees under this heigth are east from you The Pas of Calis Dover lye under 51 degrees 12 minutes Heere followeth the Carde N. 3. CHAPTER III. A DECLARATION HOVV a man shall sayle all the Sea-coasts and Havens of Picardie and Normandie betweene Calis and Cape de la Hague And What Banckes Sandes Cliffes or Rockes and Shallowes are there to be found and how you may shunne them I. To sayle from Calis to Diepen IN the middle of the Heads betweene Calis and Dover lyeth the banck of Vrouwesand Vrouwesandt of 5 6 7 and 8 fathome deepe the shallowest or dryest part of Vrouwesand lyeth about west by south from Calis Cliffe south and south by west from Dover where it is dryest and no deeper then 4 fathome This banck aforesaid reacheth along the land of Swartenesse and lyeth nearest to the French side it is at least 4 leagues long on both sides of this banck both on the east and west sides it is 20 and 21 fathome deepe Crosse from the west-head of Calis there lyeth a banck of 2 fathome you may sayle betweene the head or Mayeland this banck at 3 fathome with half flood you may anckor under Calis Cliffe Rode to anckor under Calis Cliffe at the east ende at 10 fathome water but at the west-ende of Calis Cliffe there lyeth a Rocke under the water the length of a Culver shot from the land The high land betweene Calis and Swartenesse is called Calis Cliffe A league an half southward from Calis lyeth Swartenesse Swartenes which is a foule point lying out by the which there lyeth certaine Rockes you cannot anckor there for the ground in that place is
verie foule A litle waie southward of Swartenesse there stand some fewe houses with a mill all along to the mill you may not anckor but you will indure some hurt and dammage either in your cables or anckors Two leagues southward from Swartenesse lyeth the Old-man or Tour d'ordre Tour d'ordre or the Oldman there is a faire sandie Baye there you may lye safe free from a north winde it is a good Rode for northeast east and southeast windes for shippes that will faile eastward you may anckor there at 6 or 7 fathome so that the point or the steeple be north and by east from you But half waie betweene Swartenesse and the Old man lyeth S. Iohns Rode S. Iohns Rode there you may anckor at 15 or 16 fathome for there it is faire ground To anckor there you must bring the steeple of the village against the middle of the houses but there lyeth some rockes along by the land which you must be carefull to shunne and goe not neare unto them About two leagues from Tour d'ordre lyeth Beunen or Bullen and when such as lye at anckor under the Oldman goe on land they may from above looke downe into the River of Bullen Betweene Tour d'ordre the Somme Somme there is a great creeke and when you are right against the Somme it is shallowe water 3 or 4 leagues at the least into the Sea about 6 or 7 fathome deepe such shippes as come out of the west are many tymes cast away there but when you finde shallow water for a long tyme you must understand that you are about the river of Somme He that wil sayle up to Bullen To sayle into Bullen haven must goe by the land by Tour d'ordre at 3 fathome and then along by the land to the middle of the river and then keepe the middle of the chanel the north side is full of rockes or cliffes from the south side there commeth a riffe or sand shooting out and runneth a good waie by the haven which you must be warie of and close before the river also there lyeth a banck which you may sayle under on the south side at two fathome on the north side at 3 fathome and there you may anckor or goe into the haven It is a tyde-haven where you must goe in at a high water and at a lowe water sit drie as you doe in all the havens of Flanders You may there runne close along by the coast at 2 3 4 5 fathome as drie as you will but before the havens you must put somewhat further off because of the rockes which lye before them The course from the Oldman to the river of Somme is south and north distant 8 or 9 leagues and from Bullen to Somme Somme it is south and south and by west distant 6 leagues Betweene them there are two rivers more the one called Cauche Cauche the other Antij Antij upon the first there lyeth Monstruel and Estaples Estaples and Monstruel about 3 or 4 leagues southward from Bullen This is no speciall haven you must enter into it at high water and keepe the middle of the chanell you shall finde it drie when you are within it To sayle up the river Somme Before the Somme it is shallowe water at least two leagues into the Sea at 5 or 6 fathome and from the north point of the river there commeth a Riffe or Sand shooting out which runneth almost over the deepe so that a man passing it by the south shore he must sayle at 3 fathome water as farre as to S. Valeries which lyeth on the south side then from the southshore there commeth another Sand shooting off almost cleane over the river so that as then you must turne to Crottoy which lyeth on the north side if it were not for the banck aforesaid which runneth crosse over before the haven it were a haven for a great ship to goe into for in the entrie of the haven it is 3 fathome and within 2 fathome deepe Abbeville Abbeville lyeth about 5 leagues upwards in the land From Tour d'ordre or the Oldman to Deepe the course is s s w. 16 leagues but from the river of Somme to Diepen Diepen it is southwest and northeast 8 or 9 leagues betweene both that is 4 leagues from Somme and 4 leagues from Deepe lyeth the river of Heu and on the north side thereof a litle towne called Triport or Tresport where into you must enter with a high water as in a tyde-haven with lowe water lying drie To sayle into the haven of Diepen The Haven of Deepe on the east side is to be entred at 3 fathome there lye three tonnes in the chanel you must sayle frō the one unto the other leaving them on your left hand as you goe in on the east side of the land there shooteth a peece of land out along but if you keepe at 3 fathome then you sayle not under that peece of land and from the west point of the haven or towne there commeth a great Sand running downe and reacheth north without in the chanel it is 3 fathome and within somewhat dryer that is 2 fathome There may a reasonable great ship goe into the rivers of Somme and Deepe when it floweth but small shippes may goe in there at half flood at a lowe water you lye drie To sayle from Deepe to the river of Roane you have first frō Deepe to S. Valerie or Valderie in Caux S. Valerie in Caux 4 leagues This is a drie tyde-haven wherein you must enter with high water whereby there goeth none but small shippes in and out from it From S. Valerie to Fecam To sayle into Fecam it is w. s w. 4 leagues it is a faire tyde-haven where at lowe water there is about 2 fathome There lyeth a banck or Flat on the east side of the haven you may passe with small shippes betweene the land and this Flatte with the lead at 8 or 9 foot water having regard to the Eastland for that is flatte But if you will goe about or without the Flat then you must place Fecam steeple without the land or without the west point of the haven and then it will stand s s e. from you and so goe into the haven then the Sand is on baghborde Eastward of the said haven also there is a chanell to goe in but the west side is best having in the haven 2 fathome water and when you are within before the towne there you may anckor on the west side at 3 fathome half flood the east side is flatte From Fecam it is w. s.w to Struysaert Struysaert and Seynhoft a litle towne lying in a Creeke about 3 leagues from Seynhead or Seynhoft Without the point of Struysaert lye two high sharp Rockes and are about north n. by e. from Seynhead 2 leagues From Deepe to Struysaert it
south by east and somewhat easterlyer 37 leagues From Waterford to the Sorrels south and somewhat easterlyer 40 leagues From Waterford to Cape de Finisterre s by w. 168 leagues or 170 leagues X. Vnder what degrees these Countreys lye CApe de Claro lyeth under 51 degrees 20 minutes or as some say 51 degrees 38 minutes Cape de Velho or Oldhead lyeth under 51 deg 28 min. or as some saye 51 degrees 42 minutes Waterford or the towre lyeth under 52 degrees 4 minutes or as some saye 52 degrees just Heere followeth the Carde N. 17. CHAPTER XV. A DECLARATION HOVV to sayle by the Sea-coasts and Havens of VVales Also from the Chanel of Bristowe to Englands ende and to the Sorlinges I. How to sayle by Wales from Ramsey to the Naes and to Cardif IT is from the Ilands of Saltees in Ireland to the Iland of Ramsey Ramsey or the north-point of Wales east and by south 19 leagues Right north from Ramsey lyeth the Bishop with his Clarkes The Bishop with his Clarkes which are certaine rockes which runne out a good waie from the north-point of Wales s w. into the Sea Upon the said North-point there lyeth a towne called S. Davies and from thence northward the land reacheth northeast and southwest Two leagues southward froÌ„ Ramsey lyeth the Iland of Gresholme Gresholm and there betweene them both lyeth the Broad-baye Broad-baye to goe into it you must sayle through betweene the aforesaid Ilands or Rockes the one lyeth on the north-side the other on the south-side it is a good Rode for shippes that will goe to Bristowe and it is there safe lying against north northeast and east-windes at 7 8 and 9 fathome The said Ilands are well to be knowne thereby to knowe the said point of Wales the land there reacheth n. n. w. and s s e. Right south from the Iland of Gresholme lyeth Milford haven Milford haven which first reacheth in n. e. which is a deepe and wide haven in the middle thereof there lyeth an Iland within it is verie good anckoring for it is a good haven About five English miles within the land there lyeth a towne called Carcewe Two leagues eastward from Milford lyeth S. Gawins point S. Gawins point which is the south-point of Wales which is also called the White-point Four or five leagues eastward from S. Grawins point lyeth the Iland of Caldye Caldye where you may anckor rouÌ„d about against all windes This Iland lyeth before a great Creeke which al over is good rode He that will goe before the towne of Tinbuy Tinbuy he must take heede of a rowe of blinde rockes which lye northwards from Caldye under the Water but if you will sayle to Tinbuy eastward from Caldye you may sayle close along by the Iland you may also come about west from Caldye but there it is not verie wide it is a strait waie but all through it is deepe ynough being east froÌ„ the rockes you may anckor wel East from the Iland of Caldye there lyeth a white point called Wormshead-point Wormes point which hath manie white chalck spottes on the land whereby that point is well to be knowne There eastward it is a good rode for west north and northeast and by east windes in a great creeke and southeast from this out-point there lyeth a great banck which reacheth off from the Naes The Naes w. by s and w. s w. five leagues You may also sayle through this banck and the Naes to Cardyf or the Holme before Bristowe and this sand is called Naes-sand He that will goe into this baye or creeke eastward he must sayle in close by the Nase or he must come out of the west there it is wide and broad East from the Nase there lye two Ilands close by the coast of Wales the one called Barrey Barrey Sily the other Sily Cardyf and Flatholme lye eastward from them the north-side is most drie and flatte water Cardyf Cardyf is a tyde-haven but there is a verie faire rode for ships that will goe about east or west for there lye manie sands eastward which at lowe water are drie He that will goe into the rode of Cardyf he must runne in betweene Flatholme and the point of Cardyf but there lyeth a rock in the haven which he must shunne there lyeth also a stone s e. and s e. by e. from the west-point of the land under the water but when it is high water you may goe over all that that at half flood is not covered Cardyf Rode is a faire rode where you may lye safe against all windes Pascaarte van het vermaert Canael van Bristou vertoonende aeÌ„t Zuijden de Zeecusten achter EngelaÌ„t vande Sorlinghes af tot Bristou toe Jtem aen't Noorden de Custen van bijna geheel Wals Engelandt met een deel van Yerlant Carte marine du Canal de Bristou monstrant au Su les costes marines d'Angleterre de les Sorlinges iusques a Bristou au Nord quasi toutes les costes de Wallie et aussi une partie de Jrlande le tout dressé selon ses vraijes elevations du pole routes et distances Thus Wales sheweth it self from Wormshead to Cardyf II. To sayle from Naes and the Holme to Bristowe HE that will sayle from the Naes to Bristowe he must goe to the Stepeholme Stepeholm which lyeth e. s e. about seven leagues from thence you must sayle north along by it leave Flatholme Flatholm on backborde which lyeth somewhat more inwards then Stâ—peholme But he that wil sayle from Londey to Bristow he must keepe the English side to the Naes then he is within the great banck which runneth along by Wales called the Naes sand you may also sayle with ships that drawe but litle water from the Stepeholme with half flood but there it is verie flatte there is but two fathome water at lowest water and under Stepeholme you may anckor when you will at 4 and 5 fathome To sayle in the right chanel through betweene the Holme you must goe nearest to Flatholme side for there is the deepest water with an open winde you may sayle as neare as you will yea so neare as that you may cast a stone thereon FroÌ„ the east-land there coÌ„meth a shallowe shooting off under which a man may sayle as he commeth out of the west To shunne this shallowe as you will sayle from Flatholme to Brust set Flatholme when you are past it southwest from you and hold it so untill you have sayled a Dutch myle then observe a litle Iland which lyeth almost thwart against you upon the English coast whereon stand two milles and upon the heigth of the firme land standeth one mill now when the mill which standeth upon the high land commeth upon the west-ende of the Iland then you are past the point of the foresaid English ground so that then you cannot sayle under it
northnortheast from you then goe boldly northwest and by north and northnorthwest to the Sand of Anout then you shall runne farre ynough without But if you will sayle from Col to the Sond then hold the Iland of Weene hidde behinde the Castle of Elsenor How to shuÌ„ne the Swyne boden for if you bring not Weene without the castle of Elsenor then you cannot sayle under the Swyneboden when you are past the Swynboden then you may sayle forward in the middle of the water about Lappesand and when you are within the castle then you may anckor where you will as I said before Betweene Col Zeeland it is sixteene seventeene eighteene and in some places twentie fathome deepe but in the night come no nearer to Zeeland then twelve thirteene or fourteene fathome for at that depth you are close by the land for on Zeland side it is verie shoring Haselin From Col to the Iland Haselin it is southwest and by west eight leagues From the east ende of Haselin there reacheth out a Sand northeast and by north a great league from the ende of the Sand lye the Luysgrounds Luysgrounds and lye from the south ende of Anout distant northwest by west and southeast and by east and from Col east and by south and west and by north there the water is no deeper then eight foot When you come from Anout sand and will goe to the Sond then goe no southerlyer then southsoutheast so you shall not undersayle these grouÌ„ds for with a south and east course you should sayle by them when you come from Anout sand but comming out of the Sond you should undersayle those Luysgrounds with a westnorthwest course Therefore if you will sayle to the Sond from Anout or from the Sond to Anout with a sharpe winde you must be carefull to remember them and to take heede of them Rode under Haselin The Iland Haselin on the outside is all foule and full of Sands and shallowes but on the Zeland side it is indifferent faire there you may runne under to anckor The coast of Zeeland is a faire strand and you may runne through betweene Haselin and Zeeland to the Belt but a litle west from Haselin there shooteth off a Sand from Zeeland which you must shunne About eastsoutheast from Haselin there lyeth a great wide river which without in the beginning is at least a league wide it is there good anckoring against a northeast winde at five or sixe fathome This River devideth it self into three parts in the land of Zeeland the first or easterlyest goeth up southsoutheast to Roskild the second goeth up to Isiebie and Holbecke there there lyeth a great Iland in the middle and within it is three leagues broad this River is called Isenvoort reaching into the land south Isenvorde and south and by west sixe or seven leagues The third River reacheth to Draecxholme also five leagues southwest and northeast so that in Draecxholme you may see the Sea this river stretcheth as the Sea-coast doth along to the Belt Thus Zeeland sheweth it self when you come from Anoult sayling to the Sond V. The situation betweene Col and Waersberghen FRom Col to the Iland Swederoer it is northeast and by north there you may goe northward in behinde Swedere there it is wide and broad and betweene the great and small rocks you may anckor at seven fathome against the church of Turko which is a white church it is good to come in there you may there goe southward out againe leaving the two rockes with the warders on starreborde and runne right up to Col close about the rockes If you come from Anout and by meanes of southerly windes can not gette above Col you must goe from Col northeast and by north to Swederoer and goe close in by the two rockes wheron the warders stand there it is soft ground so that you must looke to your anckors a north winde bloweth openly into it Betweene Col and Swederoer there is a great creeke there lyeth the towne of Engelholme there also you may anckor Engleholme North from Swederoer there goeth in another great creeke wherein Bos-stadt lyeth three leagues east from Swederoer Bos-stadt Laholme a league easterlyer lyeth the towne or castle called Laholme there also goeth a River into the land Three leagues northward from Laholme lyeth Helmâ—te upon a currant or falling water Helmste but there may nothing but boyers and small boates goe into it Three leagues westward from Helmste lyeth the Iland Tullo which lyeth northnorthwest about five leagues from Swederoer The Iland Tullo inward to the land against this Iland there lyeth a high hill which sheweth white as if it were sandie land it is called Haver but by Saylers it is called Yong Col Younge Col. because it is like Col for heigth and fashion and sometimes also it is taken for Col. Three leagues north from Tullo lyeth the River of Valckenborch on the north side thereof there lyeth an Iland called Muruptinge And three leagues more north from the River of Valckenborch lyeth Waersberghen Valckenburgh which is distant from Col north and by west and south and by east twelve or thirteene leagues To sayle into Waersberghen then runne in by the east side To sayle into Waersbergen but right upon the point of the Iland there lyeth a rock under the water and from the point whereon the castle standeth there also lyeth a blinde rock which you must shunne and goe in the middle of the water betweene the Iland and the Maie-land and anckor against the castle at four or five fathome there within it is all flatte water To sayle otherwise into Waersberghen sette Outboy north from the castle and goe in northnortheast there lyeth a Rock there even with the water you must leave it on starreborde and anckor belowe the castle at four fathome Thus the land of Waersberghen sheweth when you sayle by Anout to the Sond VI. The situation betweene Waersberghen and Masterland THree leagues north from Waersberghen lyeth Monstersond Monstersond which is a River which reacheth up into the land upon it there lye some townes as Vlymenes Horne and Goeswaer Nydingh From Waersberghen to Nyding the course is northwest five leagues it is a verie badde rock it lyeth even above the water so that the water almost striketh over it everie man must take heede of it Malesond A great league northeast and northeast and by east from Nydingh there lyeth an Iland called Malesond it is a round Iland you may sayle round about it at seven or eight fathome and under it also it is good anckoring Two cables length westnorthwest from Malesond lyeth a blinde rock there lyeth another rock a bowe shotte from the land even with the water on it there standeth a beacon and upon the Mayeland there stande two great beacons each upon a rock betweene them both there