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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35222	The English empire in America, or, A prospect of His Majesties dominions in the West-Indies ... with an account of the discovery, scituation, product, and other excellencies of these countries : to which is prefixed a relation of the first discovery of the New World called America, by the Spaniards, and of the remarkable voyages of several Englishmen to divers places therein : illustrated with maps and pictures by R.B., author of Englands monarchs, &c., Admirable curiosities in England, &c., Historical remarks of London, &c., The late wars in England, &c., and The history of Scotland and Ireland.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1685 (1685)	Wing C7319; ESTC R21113	146,553	216

Woods and Rivers are their Larder If an European comes to see them or calls for Lodging at their House or Wigwam they give him the best place and first cut If they come to visit us they salute us with an It ah which is as much as to say Good be to you and set them down which is mostly on the Ground close to their Heels their Legs upright may be they speak not a word more but observe all Passages If you give them any thing to eat or drink well for they will not ask and be it little or much if it be with Kindness they are well pleased else they go away sullen but say nothing They are great Concealers of their own Resentments brought to it I believe by the Revenge that hath been practised among them in either of these they are not exceeded by the Italians A Tragical Instance fell out since I came into the Country A King's Daughter thinking her self slighted by her Husband in suffering another Woman to lie down between them rose up went out pluck't a Root out of ●he Ground and ate it upon which she immediately dyed and for which last Week he made an Offering to her Kindred for Atonement and liberty of Marriage as two others did to the Kindred of their Wives that dyed a natural Death For till Widowers have done so they must not marry again Some of the young Women are said to take undue liberty before Marriage for a Portion but when marryed chaste when with Child they know their Husbands no more till delivered and during their Month they touch no Meat they eat but with a Stick lest they should defile it nor do their Husbands frequent them till that time be expired But in Liberality they excell nothing is too good for their friend give them a fine Gun Coat or other thing it may pass twenty hands before it sticks light of Heart strong Affections but soon spent the most merry Creatures that live Feast and Dance perpetually they never have much nor want much Wealth circulateth like the Blood all parts partake and though none shall want what another hath yet exact Observers of Property Some Kings have sold others presented me with several parcels of Land the Pay or Presents I made them were not hoarded by the particular Owners but the neighbouring Kings and their Clans being present when the Goods were brought out the Parties chiefly concerned consulted what and to whom they should give them To every King then by the hands of a Person for that work appointed is a proportion sent so sorted and folded and with that Gravity that is admirable Then that King sub-divideth it in like manner among his Dependants they hardly leaving themselves an Equal share with one of their Subjects and be it on such occasions at Festivals or at their common Meals the Kings distribute and to themselves last They care for little because they want but little and the Reason is a little contents them In this they are sufficiently revenged on us if they are ignorant of our Pleasures they are also free from our Pains They are not disquieted with Bills of Lading and Exchange nor perplexed with Chancery-Suits and Exchequer-Reckonings We sweat and toil to live their pleasure feeds them I mean their Hunting Fishing and Fowling and this Table is spread every where they eat twice a day Morning and Evening their Seats and Table are the Ground Since the Europeans came into these parts they are grown great lovers of Strong Liquors Rum especially and for it exchange the richest of their Skins and Furs If they are heated with Liquors they are restless till they have enough to sleep that is their cry some more and I will go to sleep but when Drunk one of the most wretchedst Spectacles in the World In Sickness impatient to be cured and for it give any thing especially for their Children to whom they are extreamly natural they drink at those times a Teran or Decoction of some Roots in spring Water and if they eat any Flesh it must be of the Female of any Creature If they dye they bury them with their Apparel be they Men or Women and the nearest of Kin fling in something precious with them as a token of their Love Their Mourning is blacking of their Faces which they continue for a year They are choice of the Graves of their Dead for lest they should be lost by time and fall to common use they pick off the Grass that grows upon them and heap up the fallen Earth with great care and exactness These poor People are under a dark Night in things relating to Religion to be sure the Tradition of it yet they believe a God and Immortality without the help of Metaphysicks for they say There is a great King that made them who dwells in a glorious Countrey to the Southward of them and that the Souls of the good shall go thither where they shall live again Their Worship consists of two parts Sacrifice and Cantico Their Sacrifice is their first Fruits the first and fattest Buck they kill goeth to the fire where he is all burnt with a Mournful Ditty of him that performeth the Ceremony but with such marvellous Fervency and Labour of Body that he will even sweat to a foam The other part is their Cantico performed by round Dances sometimes words sometimes Songs then Shouts two being in the middle that begin and by Singing and Drumming on a Board direct the Chorus Their Postures in the Dance are very Antick and differing but all keep measure This is done with equal Earnestness and Labour but great appearance of Joy In the Fall when the Corn cometh in they begin to feast one another there have been two great Festivals already to which all come that will I was at one my self their Entertainment was a green Seat by a Spring under some shady Trees and twenty Bucks with hot Cakes of new Corn both Wheat and Beans which they make up in a square form in the leaves of the Stem and bake them in the Ashes and after that they fell to Dance But they that go must carry a small Present of their Money it may be six Pence which is made in the Bone of a Fish the black is with them as Gold the white Silver they call it all Wampum Their Government is by Kings which they call Sachema and those by Succession but always of the Mothers-side for Instance the Children of him that is now King will not succeed but his Brother by the Mother or the Children of his Sister whose Sons and after them the Children of her Daughters will Reign for no Woman inherits the Reason they render for this way of Descent is that their Issue may not be spurious Every King hath his Council and that consists of all the Old and Wise-men of his Nation which perhaps is two hundred People nothing of Moment is undertaken be it War Peace Selling of Land or Traffick

Mass of Treasure behind them untouched to the great joy of the Spaniards a great part whereof they saw in the Governours House with their own Eyes namely huge Bars of Silver lying round about the Hall piled up a great height from the ground ready to be transported to Spain yet his Men forced him to put to Sea so that this Voyage served only to whet his stomach to give them a second Visit with all speed Being somewhat recovered of his wounds he falls with his Ships into the Sound of Darien where he found a certain People called Symerons which are for the most part Negro's and such as having been Slaves to the Spaniards by reason of their cruelty and hard usage run away from them and live in woods and wild places of the Countrey in great companies together like other Savages hating the Spaniards deadly and doing them what mischief they can upon all occasions By these he got Intelligence that a Requa as they call it or a certain number of Mules commonly 40 or 50 in a company laden with Treasure and other things was to pass in few daies from Panama in the South Sea to Nombre de Dios to be shipped from thence for Spain which he therefore resolved if it were possible to surprize These Requa's do constantly Travel in the night by reason of the openness of the way and the excessive heats in the day from Panama to Ventacruz about six Leagues in the road to Nombre de Dios neither had they then any other Guard but only of those that drive them and perhaps some Gentleman or Officer of the Kings to oversee the Treasure by reason of their great security having till then lived without any fear of an enemy upon that Coast which made the design seem easy Having therefore engaged a sufficient number of these Symerons with no more than eighteen resolved men of his own leaving the rest with the ships they marcht by night over the strait of Darien so called as being that Neck of Land that joins the Northern and Southern part of America together and is not above 20 mile over from Sea to Sea though many Leagues long They travelled undiscovered within a Leagues of Panama and lodged themselves in a wood on each side the Road where the Mules were to pass who at length came so tyed one to another as the manner is that by stopping one all the rest stand still The Requa which was coming belonged chiefly to the Treasurer of Lima who with his daughter and Family were going for Spain with 8 Mules laden with Gold and one with Jewels which doubtless had been all taken had not one Robert Pike an Englishman prevented it who being got drunk with Strong-waters out of a vain ambition to be first in the action stood up and wearing his shirt uppermost as they did all to distinguish each other in the night was instantly descried by a Spanish Cavaleer who rid somewhat before the rest and turning his Horse gave such speedy notice that the chief part of the Treasure with the Treasurer himself his Daughter and others were saved by a timely retreat and only some few of the foremost Mules taken which though they had some Treasure yet the English knowing how soon the Countrey would be alarm'd durst scarce stay to ransack them but taking a little of what came next to hand resolutely made their way through Venta Cruz and so by woods and wild Forrests of the Countrey to the Ships which expected them in the Sound yet had the good fortune to meet with a smaller Requa of Mules laden with Silver and some Gold which havin● better leisure to examine they carried away as muc● as they were able to the Ships burying the rest in th● ground In 1577. Sr. Francis Drake made his Voyage abou● the World in which to his immortal Fame and Honou● he was the first Commander of note that incompasse● this Globe of the Earth and returned safe home again For though Ferdinand Magellan had discovered th● Streights which yet bear his name and had gone far yet he lived not to return home being slain at the Moluccae Islands while he was reducing them to the obedience of his new Master the King of Spain This Voyage made Drake some amends from the Spaniards taking and rifling many Towns and divers rich prizes a● Sea as at Valparaiso in the South Sea where he took a Ship loaden with Wines and as much of the finest Gold of Baldivia accounted the best as amounted to thirty seven Duckets of Spanish Money besides Silver and other goods of value At Tarapaca on the same Coasts he met with thirteen bars of pure Silver valued at four Thousand Duckets and after that with eight hundred Pound weight of Silver laden to Panama upon certain Sheep of America as big as Asses which they use for Burden At Arica they rifled certain Barks and other small Vessels which they found in the Port and took out of them besides other Merchandise fifty seven wedges of pure Silver every one twenty pound weight and amounting in all to one hundred and forty pound weight of Silver At Lima they enter the Haven where they found twelve Ships moored fast at Anchor their Sails taken off and all the Mariners secure on shore whereupon searching the Ships they found besides abundance of Silks Linnen and other rich Goods one chest full of Ryols of Plate which they did not think convenient to leave behind and which pleased them more had there Intelligence of another Great Spanish Ship called the Cacafuego which was at Payta laden with nothing but treasure this Ship had perceived them at Sea and was making all the Sail she could for Pariama but before she could recovor the Port they persuing her very hard got sight of her about Cape Francisco and after some short dispute board her and make her yield In this Ship they found thirteen great Chests full of Ryals of Plate twenty six Tun of other Silver fourscore pound weight of pure Gold besides abundance of Jewels precious Stones and other rich Merchandize all which became prize meeting likewise in the persuit of her a single Bark laden above only with ropes ●ackle for ships but examining her within they found no less than seventy eight pound weight of fine Gold besides many curious Emeralds and other choice Jewels which having taken they sailed for Acapulco a noted and much frequented Port in those Seas in their way they met a Ship from China laden with Silks and China-dishes of which they took as much as they thought good and after that rifled the Town of Acapulco where besides some quantity of Gold Jewels and other Plate they found one pot of the bigness of an English bushel full of Spanish Ryals which having emptied they departed without being farther troublesom only one Moon an Englishman borrowed a Chain of Gold which he hapned to find about a Spaniard just as they were going out of Town Finding

not only a thing groweth best where it naturally grows but will hardly be equalled by another Species of the same kind that doth not naturally grow there But to resolve the doubt I intend if God give me Life to try both and hope the consequence will be as good Wine as any European Countries of the same Latitude do yield The Artificial Produce of the Country is Wheat Barley Oats Rye Pease Beanes Squashes Pumkins Water-Melons Musk-Melons and all Herbs and Roots that our Gardens in England usually bring forth Of living Creatures Fish Fowl and the Beasts of the Woods here are divers sorts some for Food and Profit and some for Profit only For Food as well as Profit the Elk. as big as a small Ox Deer bigger than ours Beaver Racoon Rabbits Squirrels and some eat young Bear and commend it Of Fowl of the Land there is the Turkey Forty and Fifty Pound weight which is very great Pheasants Heath-Birds Pidgeons and Partridges in abundance Of the Water the Swan Goose white and gray Brand● Ducks Teal also the Snipe and Curloe and that in great Numbers but the Duck and Teal excel nor so good have I ever eat in other Countries Of Fish there is the Sturgeon Herring Rock Shad Catshead Sheepshead Ele Smelt Pearch Roch and in Inland Rivers Trout some say Salmon above the falls Of Shel fish we have Oysters Crabs Cockles Concks and Musctas some Oysters six Inches long and one sort of Cockles as big as the Stewing Oysters they make a rich Broth. The Creatures for Profit only by Skin or Fur and that are natural to these parts are the Wild Cat Panther Otter Wolf Fox Fisher Minx Musk-Rat and of the Water the Whale for Oyl of which we have good store and two Companies of Whalers whose Boats are built will soon begin their Work which hath the appearance of a considerable Improvement to say nothing of our reasonable Hopes of good Cod in the Bay We have no want of Horses and some are very good and shapely enough two Ships have been freighted to Barbadoes with Horses and Pipe-Staves since my coming in Here is also Plenty of Cow-Cattel and some Sheep the People Plow mostly with Oxen. There are divers Plants that not only the Indians tell us but we have had occasion to prove by Swellings Burnings Cuts c. that they are of great Virtue suddenly curing the Patient and for smell I have observed several especially one the wild Mirtle the other I know not what to call but are most fragrant The Woods are adorned with lovely Flowers for colour greatness figure and variety I have seen the Gardens of London best stored with that sort of Beauty but think they may be improved by our Woods I have sent a few to a Person of Quality this Year for a tryal Thus much of the Country next of the Natives or Aborigines The NATIVES I shall consider in their Persons Language Manners Religion and Government with my sense of their Original For their Persons they are generally tall streight well-built and of singular Proportion they tread strong and clever and mostly walk with a lofty Chin Of Complexion Black but by design as the Gypsies in England They grease themselves with Bears fat clarified and using no defence against Son or Weather their skins must needs be swarthy Their Eye is little and black not unlike a straight-look't Jew The thick Lip and flat Nose so frequent with the East-Indians and Blacks are not common to them for I have seen as comely European-like faces among them of both as on your side the Sea and truly an Italian Complexion hath not much more of the White and the Noses of several of them have as much of the Roman Their Language is lofty yet narrow but like the Hebrew in Signification full like Short-hand in writing one word serveth in the place of three and the rest are supplied by the understanding of the Hearer Imperfect in their Tenses wanting in their Moods Participles Adverbs Conjunctions Interjections I have made it my business to understand it that I might not want an Interpreter on any occasion And I must say that I know not a Language spoken in Europe that hath words of more sweetness or greatness in Accent and Emphasis than theirs for Instance Octorockon Rancocas Oricton Shakamazon Poquesin all which are names of Places and have Grandeur in them Of words of Sweetness Anna is Mother Issimus a Brother Netap Friend usque oret very good ponc Bread metse eat matta no hatta to have payo to come Sepassen Passejon the Names of Places Tamane Secane Menanse Secatereus are the Names of Persons If one ask them for any thing they have not they will answer matta ne hotta which to translate is not I have instead of I have not Of their Customs and Manners there is much to be said I will begin with Children So soon as they are born they wash them in Water and while very young and in cold Weather to chuse they Plunge them in the Rivers to harden and embolden them Having wrapt them in a Clout they lay them on a straight thin Board a little more than the length and breadth of the Child and swaddle it fast upon the Board to make it straight wherefore all Indians have flat Heads and thus they carry them at their Backs The Children will go very young at nine Moneths commonly they wear only a small Clout round their Waste till they are big if Boys they go a Fishing till ripe for the Woods which is about Fifteen then they Hunt and after having given some Proofs of their Manhood by a good return of Skins they may Marry else it is a shame to think of a Wife The Girls stay with their Mothers and help to hoe the Ground plant Corn and carry Burthens and they do well to use them to that Young they must do when they are Old for the Wives are the true Servants of their Husbands otherwise the Men are very affectionate to them When the Young Women are fit for Marraige they wear something upon their Heads for an Advertisement but so as their Faces are hardly to be seen but when they please The Age they Marry at if Women is about thirteen and fourteen if Men seventeen and eighteen they are rarely elder Their Houses are Mats or Barks of Trees set on Poles in the fashion of an English Barn but out of the Power of the Winds for they are hardly higher than a Man they lie on Reeds or Grass In Travel they lodge in the Woods about a great Fire with the Mantle of Duffils they wear by day wrapt about them and a few Boughs stuck round them Their Diet is Maze or Indian Corn divers ways prepared sometimes Roasted in the Ashes sometimes beaten and Boyled with Water which they call Homine they also make Cakes not unpleasant to eat They have likewise several sorts of Beans and Pease that are good Nourishment and the

Worship at New-Castle and the Swedes three one at Christina one at Tenecum and one at Wicoco within half a Mile of this Town There rests that I speak of the Condition we are in and what Settlement we have made in which I will be as short as I can for I fear and not without reason that I have tryed your Patience with this long Story The Country lieth bounded on the East by the River and Bay of Delaware and Eastern Sea it hath the Advantage of many Creeks or Rivers rather that run into the main River or Bay some Navigable for great Ships some for small Craft Those of most Eminency are Christina Brandy-wine Skilpot and Skulkill any one of which have room to lay up the Royal Navy of England there being from four to eigh● Fathom Water The lesser Creeks or Rivers yet convenient for Sloops and Ketches of good Burthen are Lewis Mespilion Cedar Dover Cranbrook Feversham and Georges below and Chichester Chester Toacawny Pemmapecka Fortquessin Neshimenek and Pennberry in the Freshes many lesser that admit Boats and Shallops Our People are mostly settled upon the upper Rivers which are pleasant and sweet and generally bounded with good Land The Planted part of the Province and Territories is cast into six Counties Philadelphia Buckingham Chester Newcastle Kent and Sussex containing about Four Thousand Souls Two General Assemblies have been held and with such Concord and Dispatch that they sate but three Weeks and at least seventy Laws were past without one Dissent in any material thing But of this more hereafter being yet Raw and New in our Geer However I cannot forget their singular Respect to me in this Infancy of things who by their own private Expences so early consider'd Mine for the Publick as to present me with an Impost upon certain Goods Imported and Exported Which after my Acknowledgments of their Affection I did as freely remit to the Province and the Traders to it And for the well Government of the said Counties Courts of Justice are establisht in every County with proper Officers as Justices Sheriffs Clerks Constables c. which Courts are held every two Months But to prevent Law-Suits there are three Peace-makers chosen by each County-Court in the nature of common Arbitrators to hear and end Differences betwixt man and man and Spring and Fall there is an Orphan's Court in each County to inspect and regulate the Affairs of Orphans and Widows Philadelphia the Expectation of those that are concern'd in this Province is at last laid out to the great Content of those here that are any wayes Interested therein The Scituation is a Neck of Land and lieth between two Navigable Rivers Delaware and Skulkil whereby it hath two Fronts upon the Water each a Mile and two from River to River Delaware is a glorious River but the Skulkil being an hundrod Miles Boatable above the Falls and its Course North-East toward the Fountain of Susquahannah that tends to the Heart of the Province and both sides our own it is like to be a great part of the Settlement of this Age in which those who are Purchasers of me will find their Names and Interest But this I will say for the good Providence of God that of all the many Places I have seen in the World I remember not one better seated so that it seems to me to have been appointed for a Town whether we regard the Rivers or the conveniency of the Coves Docks Springs the loftiness and soundness of the Land and the Air held by the People of those parts to be very good It is advanced within less than a Year to about four score Houses and Cottages such as they are where Merchants and Handicrafts are following their Vocations as fast as they can while the Country-men are close at their Farms Some of them got a little Winter-Corn in the Ground last Season and the generality have had a handsom Summer-Crop and are preparing for their Winter-Corn They reaped their Barley this Year in the Month called May the Wheat in the Month following so that there is time in these parts for another Crop of divers things before the Winter Season We are daily in hopes of Shipping to add to our Number for blessed be God here is both Room and Accommodation for them the Stories of our Necessity being either the Fear of our Friends or the Scare-Crows of our Enemies for the greatest hardship we have suffered hath been Salt-Meat which by Fowl in Winter and Fish in Summer together with some Poultry Lamb Mutton Veal and plenty of Venison the best part of the year hath been made very passable I bless God I am fully satisfyed with the Country and Entertainment I can get in it for I find that particular Content which hath always attended me where God in his Providence hath made it my place and service to reside You cannot Imagin my Station can be at present free of more than ordinary business and as such I may say it is a troublesome Work but the Method things are putting in will facilitate the charge and give an easier Motion to the Administration of Affairs However as it is some Mens Duty to Plow some to Sow some to Water and some to Reap so it is the Wisdom as well as Duty of a Man to yield to the mind of Providence and chearfully as well as carefully imbrace and follow the Guidance of it The City of Philadelphia as it is now laid out extends in Length from River to River two Miles and in Breadth near a Mile and the Governour as a further manifestation of his Kindness to the Purchasers hath freely given them their respective Lots in the City without defalcation of any of the●r Quantities of Purchased Lands and as it s now placed and modelled between two Navigable Rivers upon a Neck of Land and that Ships may ride in good Anchorage in six or eight Fathom Water in both Rivers ●●se to the City and the Land of the City level dry and wholsom such a Scituation is scarce to be parallel'd The City is so ordered now by the Governour 's Care and Prudence that it hath a front to each River one half at Delaware the other at Skulkil and though all this cannot make way for small Purchasers to be in the Fronts yet they are placed in the next Streets contiguous to each Front viz all Purchasers of one Thousand Acres and upwards have the Fronts and the High-street and to every five Thousand Acres Purchase in the Front about an Acre and the smaller Purchasers about half an Acre in the backward-Street By which means the least hath room enough for House Garden and small Orchard to the great Content and Satisfaction of all here concerned The City consists of a large Front-street to each River and a High-street near the middle from Front or River to Front of one hundred Foot broad and a broad Street in the middle of the City from side to side of the

that a Hare came into their Countrey and made the first men and after preserved them from a great Serpent and two other Hares coming thither the first killed a Deer for their entertainment which was then the only Deer in the World and strewing the hairs of that Deers hide every Hair proved a Deer Virginia after the first discovery cost no small pains and experience before it was brought to perfection with the loss of many Englishmens lives In the Reign of King James the first a Patent was granted to certain Persons as a Corporation who were called The Company of Adventurers of Virginia But upon several misdemeanors miscarriages in 1623 the Patent was made void it hath been since free for all his Majesties Subjects to trade to It is Scituate South of Mary-land and hath the Atlantick Ocean on the East The Air is good and the Climate so agreeable to the English especially since the cleering it from Woods that few dy of the Countrey disease called Seasoning The Soil is so fruitful that an Acre of ground commonly yeilds 200 Bushels of Corn and produces readily the Grain Fruits Plants Seeds and Roots which are brought from England besides those that are natural to this Countrey and the rest of America They have plenty of Beasts Fish and Fowl some of their Turkeys being affirmed to weigh six stone or 48 pound The Mockbird is very delightful imitating the notes of all other Birds The Produce of this Country are Flax Hemp Woad Madder Pot-ashes Hops Honey Wax Rape-seed Annise-seed Silk if they would make it since Mulberry Trees grow here in so great plenty several sweet Gums and excellent Balsoms Allum Iron Copper divers sorts of Woods and Plants used by Dyers together with Pitch Tar Rozin Turpentine and sundry sorts of rich Furs Elk-skins and other Hides but above all Tobacco which is their principal Commodity and the Standard whereby all the rest are prized This Countrey is well watered with many great and swift Rivers that lose themselves in the Gulf or Bay of Chesapeak which gives entrance into this Countrey as well as Mary-land being a very large and Capacious Bay and running up into the Countrey Northward above two hundred Miles The Rivers of most Account are James River navigable a hundred and fifty miles York River large and navigable above 60 miles and Rapahanok Navigable above a hundred and twenty miles Adjoining to these Rivers are the English setled for the conveniency of shipping having several Towns the chief whereof is James-Town commodiously seated on James-River very neat and well beautified with Brick Houses where are kept the Courts of Judic●●ure and all Publick Offices which concern the Countrey Next to James is Elizabeth Town well built and seated on the mouth of a River so called Likewise the Towns of Bermuda Wicocomoco and Dales-Gift The Governour is sent over by his Majesty who at present is the Right Honourable the L. Howard of Essingham the Countrey governed by Laws agreeable to those of England for the better observing therof those Parts possessed by the English are divided into the Counties of Caroluck Charles Glocester Hartford Henrico James New Kent Lancaster Middlesex Nausemund Lower Norfolk Northampton Northumberland Rappahanock Surrey Warwick Westmoreland the Isle of Wight and York In each of which Counties are held petty Courts every Month from which there may be Appeals to the Quarter Court at James Town They have great store of Wild Beasts as Lyons Bears Leopards Tygers Wolves and Dogs like Wolves but bark not Buffelo's Elke whose flesh is as good as Beef Likewise Deer Hares Bevers Otters Foxes Martins Poulcats Weasels Musk-Rats Flying Squirrels c. And for tame Cattle Cows Sheep Go●ts Hogs and Horses in great plenty CHAP. X. A Prospect of Carolina with the Scituation and Product thereof CArolina so called from his late Majesty King Charles the Second of Glorious memory is a Colony not long since established by the English and is that part of Florida adjoining to Virginia between twenty nine and thirty six degrees of Northern Latitude On the East it is washed with the Atlantick Ocean and is bounded on the West by Mare Pacificum or the South Sea and within these bounds is contained the most fertile and pleasant part of Florida which is so much commended by the Spanish Authors Of which I cannot give a more ample Account than has been done already by an Englishman who has lived and was concerned in the settlement thereof and shall therefore repeat what he has deliveted in his own words This Province of Carolina was in the Year 1663. Granted by Letters Patents of his late Gracious Majesty in Propriety unto the Right Honourable Edward Earl of Clarendon George Duke of Albemarl William Earl of Craven John Lord Berkely Anthony Lord Ashly now Earl of Shaftsbury Sir George Carteret and Sir John Colleton Knights and Baronets Sir William Berkely Knight by which Letters Patents the Laws of Eagland are to be of force in Carolina but the Lords Proprietors have power with the consent of the Inhabitants to make By-Laws for the better Government of the said Province So that no Money can be raised or Law made without the consent of the Inhabitants or their Representatives They have also power to appoint and impower Governours and other Magistrates to Grant Liberty of Conscience make Constitutions c. With many other great Ptiviledges as by the said Letters Patents will more largely appear And the said Lords Proprietors have there setled a Constitution of Government whereby is granted Liberty of Conscience and wherein all possible care is taken for the equal Administration of Justice and for the lasting Security of the Inhabitants both in their Persons and Estates By the care and endeavours of the said Lords Proprietors and at their very great charge two Colonies have been setled in this Province the one at Albemarle in the most Northerly part the other at Ashly River which is in the Latitude of thirty two Degrees od Minutes Albemarle bordering upon Virginia and only exceeding it in Health Fertility and Mildness of the Winter is in the Growths Productions and other things much of the same nature with it Wherefore I shall not trouble the Reader with a particular Description of that part but apply my self principally to discourse of the Colony at Ashly-River which being many Degrees more Southward than Virginia differs much from it in the Nature of its Climate and Productions Ashly-River was first setled in April 1670. the Lords Proprietors having at their sole charge set out three Vessels with a considerable number of able Men eighteen Moneths Victuals with Clothes Tools Ammunition and what else was thought necessary for a new Settlement and continued at this charge to supply the Colony for divers years after until the Inhabitants were able by their own Industry to live of themselves in which condition they have been for divers years past and are arrived to a very great Degree