wilde Flaxe 1334. c. 1687 Toade Flaxe and the sorts 456. Fleabane and the sorts 125.126 Marsh or Water Fleabane 1231. Fleawort and the sorts 277 Flyebane is Catchflie Flixweede 830. Floramour or Flower gentle 753. Florey 602 Flotegrasse 1276. Flookewort or Water Penny wort 1214 Flower of Bristow single and double 629 Flower deluce and the sorts 255. c. Flower of the Sunne in my former booke Small Sun flower 660. Fluellen 553 Folefoote or Coltsfoote 1226. Folium Indum 1584 Sea Folefoote or Saldanella 167 Fooles stones or Orchis Morio 1346. Foxe stones 1350 Foxe taile grasse and bastard Foxetaile grasse 1166.1167 Medicke Fodder 1114. Forget me not or ground Pine 184 The Indian Fortune teller of life and death 1616 Foure leafed grasse 1112. Foxegloves 653 Foxe stones 1350. Frambois or Raspis in my former booke Franke Spurry 567. Francumsence tree 1602 White Francumsence ibid. Herbe Francumsence 881.684 Fresh water souldier 1249. Erench Beanes 1056 French Lavander 67. French or Vine Leekes 870 French Mallowes 298. French Marigolds French Mercury 295. French Sage 53 French Wheate or Bucke Wheate 1141 French or Romane Wormewood 48 Friers Cowle 375. Friers crowne 978 Froggebit 1253. Frogge grasse or Toadegrasse 1190 Frogge grasse or Grassewort 281 Fumitery 287. Bulbous Fumiterry 287 Syrian blacke bulbed Fumiterry 623 Furze or the Furze bush 1003 Fusse balles 1324. Spanish Fusseballs 1320 Fusses or Fustes be the refuse of Cloves 1577 G. GAlanga the greater and the lesser 1585 English Galinga or Galingale that is long sweet Cypress 145 Gallow grasse or Hempe 597 Gall Oake or tree and divers sorts of Galls 1390 Gang flower 1333. The sea Garland 1294 Garlicke 870. Crow Garlicke ibid. Wilde Garlike or Moly 870.871 Gaten ox Gater tree is Doggeberry tree 1521 Gaule or sweete Willow 1452 Gelded Satyrion or handed Orchis 1359 Gelder Rose 208. Gelsemine or Iasmine 1484 The greater Gentian or Fellwort 401 The Lesser Gentian of the Spring 404 Autumne Gentian 406. Germander and the sorts 104.105 Tree Germander and the sorts 109 Thorny sweete water Germanders 1676 Water Germander or Marsh or Garlike Germander 110 Gill creepe or goe by the ground is Alâ—hoofe 677 Gillo flowers and their sorts in my former booke Queenes Gillow flowers or Dames Violets 628 Rogues Gillow flowers is the same ibid. Stocke Gillow flowers wilde of divers sorts 622. c. Wall flower or Gillow flower 626. Sea stock Gillow flowers 622 Water Gillo flowers 1257. Winter Gillow flowers 624.626 Sea Girdle 129â— Yellow stocke Gillow flowers is Wallflowers 625 Gill runne by the streete is Sope wort 642 Ginger of two sorts 1613. Water Gladiolus 1250 Gladwin or stinking Gladwin 257 Glassewort the sorts 279.1284 Glidewort is Iron wort 588 Globe Thistle 978. Globe Daysie is blew Daysie 529 Globe Crowfoote in my former booke Goates beard 411 Goates Organy or Marjerome 16. Goates Rue 417 The Indian ratling God 1666 Goldflower or Goldilocks 690. Goldenflower Gentle 70 Golden flower of life ibid. Gold cups is Crowesfoote 333 Golden Rod and the sorts 542 Golden tufts 687 Golden Saxifrage 426. The Italian Gondalo or Cymbalaria 681 Gold of pleasure 867. Gorse or Furse 1005 Goose tree Barnacles or Brant Geese 1306 Goose berry bush and the sorts 1561. Goosegrasse or Clavers 567 Goose foote 749 Goose nest or Birds nest 1362 The Indian fruitfull Gourd bearing Almonds 1640 The Ethiopians sower Gourd 1632 The Diamond fashioned Chesnut Gourd 1639 Gourds of divers sorts 768. The bitter Gourd 160 Goe to bed at noone is is Goates beard 413 Gout wort or Herbe Gerard. 943 The Scarlet Graine 1396. The roote Graine 947 Graines of Paradise or Ginney Graines 577 Gratia dei or Gratiola is Hedge Hysope 220 Gromell and the sorts 431. Sea Grapes 451 Vine Grapes of divers sorts 1556 Arrow headed Grasse 1187. Bulbed Grasse 1175 Cats taile Grasse 1169. Canary Grasse 1163 Capons taile Grasse 1162. Bastard Canary Grasse 1164 Cotten Grasse 1271 Cockesfoote Grasse 1178 Corne Grasse 1157. Crested Grasse ibid. Cyperus Grasse 1171. Cyperus like Grasse 1265 Marsh Cyprus Grasse 11267 Sweete Dutch Grasse 1156. Flowring Cyperus Grasse 1196 Dew Grasse 1178. Dogges Grasse 1173 Finger Grasse 1189. Foureleafed Grasse 1112 Foxtaile Grasse 1166. Bastard Foxtaile Grasse 1167 Gillowflower Grasse 1161. Haver Grasse 1147 Hedghogge Grasse 1187. Kneed Grasse 1177. Maidenhaire Grasse 1164. Marsh Grasse Medow tufted Grasse 1155. Millet Grasse 1153 Mountaine tufted Grasse ibid. Mountaine and woodspiked Grasse 1161. Painted Grasse Oaten Grasse 1144. Panicke Grasse 1154. Pearle Grasse 1166 Parnassus Grasse single and double 429. Pipe grasse 1153 Prickly headed Grasse 1187. Purple Grasse 1112 Quakers or Quaking Grasse 1165. Quich Grasse 1175 Bulbed or Knobbed Quich grasse 1175 Reede Grasse 1180. Marsh Reede Grasse 1273 Sea Rush Grasse 1278. Sea Grasse 1275 Rush Grasse 1188. Rush Marsh Grasse 1269 Scorpion Grasse 1117. Spiked Grasse 1159 Three leafed Grasse of divers sorts 1112. c. Toade Grasse or Frogge Grasse 1190. Gold tufted Grasse 1157 Virginia jointed Spike Grasse 1163 Wood Grasses smooth and hairy 1184 Water Grasses 1274. Water Rush Grasses 1269. 1271 Winter Greene. 508. Greene. 508. Greeneweede 229 Ground Pine 282. Stinking ground Pine and not stinking 568 Groundsell and the sorts 671. Gutwort 199 Guaiacum or Lignum vitae 1586. Counterfeit Guaiacum or a tree like Guaiacum ibid. The America vice Guaiacum 1651 The blacke Moores Guaiacum 1652 A differing Indian Guaiacum 1587. Gum Amiimiâ—m 1594. 1580 Gum Anime 1670 Gum Arabecke 1543. Gum Armoniacke 1541 Gum Caranna 1576. Gum Copall 70 Cherry tree and Plume tree Gum. 1543. Gum Elomni 1586 679. Gum of Ivy. 679. 1544. Gum of Iuniper 1030 Gum Lacke 1588. Gum Sarcocoll 1544 Gum Tacamabaca 1608. Gum Tragacanth 996 H. HArd beame or Horne beane tree 1405 Hares Lettice 806. Good King Henry or English Mercury 1226. Harts ease 756. With a double flower 1682 Hartshorne 503. Hartwort of Candy 905 Hartwort of Ethiopia 907. Hartwort of Marseilles 903 Hartwort of Peloponesus 907 Harts tongue 1046. Harts thorne 501 Harts Trefoile is Mellilot 718 Hasell nut tree 1416. Witch Hasell is Hornebeame 1405 Indian purging cornered Hasell nuts 1638 Haske wort is Throatwort and the sorts 643 Hatchet Fetch 1088. Hather or Heath 1480 Haver or Oates 1134. Haver grasse or Oategrasse 1144 Hawke weede and the sundry sorts thereof 787 Hawthorne ordinary and smaller and Christinas or Englands twice flowring Hawthorne 1025. Haymaides is Alehoofe 677 Evergreene Hawthorne or Pyracantha S. Thomas his Heart 1621 Heath and the sundry sorts thereof 1480. Sea Heath 1296 Heath of Ierico or Heath Bose 1384 Faire Heath low Pine 570 Hedghogge Licoris 1099. Hedghogge Thistle 1001 Hedge Hysope 220. Hellweede 10 Blacke Helleborre or Christmas flower 211 Bastardblacke Hellebor or Bearefoote 212 Matthiolus his Bastard blacke Hellebor or Epipectis 214 The greatest bastard blacke Hellebor or Setterwort 212 White Hellebor or Neesewort 216 Wild white Hellebor of sundry colours 217.218 Helmet flower 315. Hemlocke and the sorts 932 Hempe and the sorts 597.
leaves and toppes of the lesser white Mullein boyled in water and laid upon the places pained with the gowt doth wondrously ease them The distilled water of the flowers hereof dropped into the eyes taketh away the watering of them as also taketh away that rednesse of the face is called in Latine Gutta Rosacea and in English the Rose if it bee washed therewith often having a little Camphire dissolved in it The water is likewise used against running or creeping sores or any other deformity of the skin The flowers bruised and made up into an oyntment with the yolke of an egge a few crummes of bread and the juyce of leekes laid upon the painefull piles when they swell doth ease the paines exceedingly and helpe to bring them into their right place Country men doe often give their Cattell that are troubled with coughes the broth of the hearbe to drinke with good successe as also to those that by casualty or through loosenesse and weakenesse voyd out their guts behind them The leaves also a little bruised and laid or bound to a Horse foote that is grievously prickt with shooing doth wonderfully heale it in a short space Dioscorides saith it was a report in his time that if dryed figges were lapped in the leaves of female Mullein which is that with large and white flowers they will not putrifie at all The golden flowers of the blacke Mullein boyled in lye dyeth the haires of the head yellow and maketh them faire and smooth The leaves boyled in wine and a lttle honey put to it is fit to wash and clense foule ulcers and boyled in vineger doth helpe greene wounds Taken also with Rue it is a remedy against the stinging of Scorpions CHAP. XXII Blattaria Moth Mullein BLattaria is certainely a kind of black Mullein and therefore to follow next whereof there are sundry varieties as shall be shewed 1. Blattaria lutea odorata Sweet yellow Moth Mullein This sweet Moth Mullein hath sundry grayish greene leaves lying on the ground somewhat long and broad and little or nothing snipt about the edges but pointed at the ends the stalkes are two or three foote high with some smaller leaves on them branching forth from the middle upwards into many long branches stored with many small pale yellow flowers of a small sweete scent yet stronger than in the others and seldome giveth seed but abideth in the roote which few or none of the other doe 2. Blattaria lutea major sive Hispanica The greater yellow Moth Mullein 1. Blattaria lutea odorata Sweet yellow Moth Mullein 3. Blattaria flore luteo Yellow Moth Mullein 5. Flore albo and White This Spanish kinde hath longer and greener leaves than the former rounder also at the ends than the next that followeth the stalke is stronger and higher than it also whereon besides the leaves grow toward the toppe many gold yellow flowers consisting of five leaves a piece as all the rest doe not so thicke set as the former but a good deale larger with some purplish threads in the middle formed somewhat like unto a flye after which come in their places round heads two or three or more sometimes together but most usually one wherein lye small dusky seed the roote is not great or full of fibres but perisheth every yeare after it hath given seed except that it abide sometime in a milde winter 3. Blattaria lutea minor sive vulgaris The ordinary yellow Moth Mullein This yellow Moth Mullein that is most frequent in our gardens hath such like long leaves as the last but narrower and roundly dented about the edges the stalke is usually single and without branches whereon stand such like gold yellow flowers but lesser with the like purple threads in the middle the seed vessels are single and the seed small both so like the last that they cannot be distinguished the roote likewise perisheth every yeare after seed time 4 Blattaria flore luteo purpurascente Cloth of Gold Moth Mullein The greatest notes of difference betweene this and the last described consisteth first in the flower which is a yellowish purple or the ground yellow overshadowed with a bright crimson colour which is of much delight the threads in the middle are not so purple red as in the former but neare unto the colour of the flower secondly it seldome beareth seed thirdly it doth longer abide in the roote although in a hard Winter it will perish like the two last this out of doubt hath beene raised from the seed of the last Florae viridi Lobel setteth forth a sort hereof with greene flowers which I never saw 5. Blattaria flore albo White Moth Mullein The leaves of this Moth Mullin are of a little fresher green colour and sharper dented about the edges in other things it differeth not from the ordinary yellow but that the flowers are pure white and hath the like purple threads like flyes creeping up as it were in the middle of the flowers 6. Blattaria flore purpureo Purple Moth Mullein The leaves of this purple Moth Mullein are broader shorter and of a grayer greene colour than the former and without any denting for the most part yet pointed at the ends the stalke riseth not so high as the former but sometimes branched bearing such like flowers of a faire deepe blue or purple colour tending to rednesse the threads in the middle of the flower being yellow the seed vessels hereof are smaller than in the former the roote is long thick and blackish on the outside abiding sundry yeares and riseth plentifully from the shedding of it owne seed The blue Moth Mullein differeth in nothing from the last but in the colour of the flower Flore caeruleo which is of a paler blush violet colour 7. Blattaria Cretica incana rotundo laciniato folio Hoary Candy moth Mullein with round torne leaves This Candy Mullein hath round hoary stalkes rising up to the height of a foot and a halfe whereon are set divers leaves without order which are long and as it were torne into smaller leaves for every leafe hath small pieces of leaves set on each side of the middle ribbe thereof separated from the end leafe which is somewhat broad round and a little dented about the edges the whole leafe is very hoary covered as it were with a woolly downe especially in the hot Country where it groweth but here it is hoary white and not so woolly from the middle of the stalke upwards it breaketh forth sometimes into branches whereon doe grow yellow flowers very like unto the flowers of the yellow Blattaria 6. Blattaria flore purpureo Purple Moth Mullein 7. Blattaria Cretica incana rotundo laciniato folio Hoary Candy moth Mullein with round pointed leaves but smaller after which come small round heads containing small browne seed both heads and seed being smaller than those of the other Blattaries the root perisheth with us at the fitst approach of winter and seldome giveth ripe seed because it flowreth
all along a middle ribbe or stalke and snipt about the edges in one sort the leaves stand closer and thicker and somewhat crumpled which hath caused it to be called double or curld Tansie in the other sort thinner and more sparsedly set it riseth up with many hard stalkes wherein grow at the toppes of the branches gold yellow flowers like buttons which being gathered in their prime will hold the fresh colour a long season the seed is small and as it were chaffie the roote creepeth under ground and shooteth up againe in divers places the whole hearbe both leaves and flowers are of a sharpe strong bitter smell and taste but yet pleasant and well to be endured 2. Tanacetum versicolor Party coloured Tansie The party coloured Tansie is in roote leafe and flower altogether like the other common garden Tansie the onely difference betweene them consisteth in this that upon the first shooting up of the heads of leaves they are almost all white and after they are growne great there will bee many leaves remaining white among the greene which maketh it the more delightfull seeming like unto a party coloured Feather in regard of the fine cut leaves of white and greene 3. Tanacetum lanuginosum Woolly Tansie Woolly Tansie from a thick blackish spreading roote sendeth forth divers winged leaves somewhat like unto the former Tansie and neare unto the leaves of Yarrow whereof some would make it a kinde of a very sweet scent and withall very woolly set close together about the roote among which spring up divers woolly stalkes having a few such like leaves upon them and at the toppes many tufts of yellow flowers 4. Tanacetum minus flore albo Small white Tansie Small white Tansie hath divers winged leaves lying upon the ground round about the toppes of the roote very much cut or divided into parts somewhat resembling both Tansie and Yarrow of a pale greene colour being both lesse bitter in taste and lesse hot or strong in smell than Tansie from among which leaves rise divers low stalkes beset with smaller leaves up to the toppes where the flowers stand in tufts the borders being of a white colour and the middle thrum yellow the roote is long and wooddy shooting divers wayes 5. Tanacetum Alpinum Mountaine Tansie The Mountaine Tansie hath many winged leaves lying upon the ground compassing the toppe of the roote very like unto the ordinary Tansie in the division of the leaves and of a deepe greene colour as bitter in taste but more pleasant in scent than it from whence rise up the stalkes little above a foote high here and there set with the like leaves but smaller the flowers at the toppes are like unto Camomill flowers with a border or pale of white leaves and a yellow thrumme in the middle the roote is small and short somewhat thicke at the head and smaller downewards with divers small fibres thereat 6. Tanacetum inodorum Vnsavory Tansie Vnsavory Tansie hath his large winged leaves very neare resembling Tansie lying upon the ground and among them round hard greene stalkes with very few and shorter leaves thereon at the toppes whereof stand divers flowers upon short foote-stalkes very like unto the flowers of the great white Daisy and as large consisting of foureteene or sixteene leaves as a pale or border about a yellow thrumme in the middle the roote spreadeth under the upper part of the earth and goeth not farre downe the whole is altogether without any scent therein at all yet the leaves are of a hot and sharpe taste quickly piercing the tongue There is another of this kinde of unsavory Tansie whose leaves are more loosely spread although as much divided and the flowers being white are as small as Feverfew The Place The ordinary Tansie groweth in some places beyond Sea by the hedges and ditches sides and in the borders of fields the curld Tansie is peculiar to our owne Land and so is the second and likely to be a degeneration from the ordinary sort by accident and nursed up in our owne Country where the flips doe often loose and sometimes keepe their kinde The third groweth about Mompelier in France and in other places The fourth groweth as well in Germany as in Italy in divers places The fift groweth on the high and snowy Hills on the Alpes among the Switzers The last groweth in Hungary Austria Germany and about Valentia and in the Country of Daulphine in France The Time They doe all flower in the Summer Monethes of Iune and Iuly The Names Tansie is called Tanacetum corruptly taken as Fuchsius thinketh from Tagotâ— or Apâ—leius his Arthenisia Traguntes and Athanasia peradventure of Athanatos sine morte or non mâ—riâ—s because the yellow flowers gathered in due time dye not of a long time after like as divers of the other hearbes last remembred Tabermontenus 3. Tanacetum lanuginosum Wooly Tansie 4. Tanacetum minus flore albo Small white Tansie 5. Tanacetum Alpinum Mountaine Tansie 6. Tanacetum inodorem Vnsavory Tansie calleth the ordinary Tansie Arthemisia Dioscoridis and the double Tansie Arthemisia sativa Anglica The second hath no other name then is in the tilie except that some doe cail it white Tansie because many of the leaves will bee white The third is called Tanacetum Lanuginosum of Lugdunensis Bauhinus in his Pinax would referre it to the Stratiotes Millefolia flavo flore of Clusius and Millefolium luteum of Lobel but I thinke he is therein mistaken for the leaves of Stratiotes being much smaller and having no scent declare it so It may be also the Heliochrysum Italicum of Matthiolus but not any Achillea whose descriptions yee shall have in another part hereafter The fourth is called by Dodonaeus Tanacetum minus flore albo of Lobel Tanacetum minus candidis floribus but it is not likely to be the Achyllea of Matthiolus Castor Durantes and others who follow the description of Dioscorides and Matthiolus the flowers of whose Achyllea are of a whitish purple with some yellow spots in them for that it hath both the forme and the smell of Tansie but somewhat weaker The fift by Lugdunensis is called Tanacetum parvum Alpinum and saith that the people in the Mountaines where it groweth call it Iva Moschata and some Anthemis Alpina Gesner in hort calleth it Tanaceto cognata herbula in English Mountaine Tansie The two last are called Tanacetum iâ— odorum of most yet some doe adde Bellidis majore flore and some Bellis Tanaceti folio some have thought it to bee Sideritis Italorum but Pena contradicteth it Clusius sheweth the differences of the greater and the lesser Wee call it in English according to the Latine Vnsavory Tansie and I place it here among the rest of the sweet Tansies for the names sake raysed from the likenesse of the leaves although it hath no scent The Italians call it Tanaceto and Daneda the French Tanaisie and Athanasie the Germanes Reinfarn because the leaves resemble Ferne and the
consisting onely of leaves but somewhat greater and broader than the other waved as it were a little on the edges and each leafe rising from the middle rib of the other being somewhat hard and rough in handling thicker also than the former and each leafe pointed at the ends of them and sometimes ending in two points the flowers are small and of a gold yellow colour like the former foure or five standing together at the toppes of the stalkes enclosed in soft or woolly huskes some also of the lower leaves of the flowers seeming downie the pods and seede are not unlike the other neither the roote but not so much spreading 11. Pseudo Spartum Hispanicum Bastard Spanish Broome Because this plant doth participate both with the former base Broomes in some things and with the Spanish Broomes that follow I have thought good to place it betweene them both whose description is as followeth The stemme riseth up to be two foote high or thereabouts covered with a whitish barke spreading into many small branches some of them the length of ones hand and some shorter whereon doe grow very sparingly a few leaves somewhat long but very narrow which doe not abide but fall away within a very short space after they are sprung so that the plant for the most part is seene without leaves on the toppe of every branch standeth one soft woolly round head like unto the former Base Broomes which after openeth it selfe into many small pale yellow flowers every one standing in a woolly huske after which come small pods wherein lyeth small seede like the others 12. Spartum Hispanicum frutex vulgare Ordinary Spanish Broome The ordinary Spanish Broome groweth to be five or six foote high or more with a wooddy stemme below covered with a darke gray or ash coloured barke shooting forth many pliant long and slender greene twigs whereon in the beginning of the yeare are set many small and somewhat long greene leaves which fall away quickely 12. Spartum hispanicum frutex vulgare Ordinarie Spanish Broome 13. Spartum Hispanicum minus monospermon flore luteo The smaller Spanish Broome with yellow flowers not abiding long thereon towards the toppes of these 14. Spartum hispanicum flore albo White flowred Spanish Broome branches grow many flowers fashioned like unto Broome flowers but larger and more spread open of a more shining gold yellow colour and smelling very sweete after which come small long cods crested at the backe wherein is contained blackish flat seede fashioned like unto the kidney beanes the roote is wooddy dispersing it selfe diverse wayes under ground 13. Spartum Hispanicum minus monospermon flore luteo The small Spanish Broome with yellow flowers This smaller Spanish Broome groweth with a stemme or stalke of the bignesse of ones thumbe at the bottome to bee about two foote high whose barke is rough and straked all along sending forth many greene slender pliant branches which divide themselves againe into many other small twiggs whereon for a while after they are shot forth abide a few small leaves untill they begin to shoote out flowers and then fall away leaving the branches naked and without leaves all the rest of the yeare after from the sides and joynts of the smaller twigges shoote forth small long stalks bearing many smaller yellow flowers than the former Spanish Broome without any sent for the most part After which come small round skinnie cods conteining for the most part but one seede in every one of them being blackish and fashioned somewhat like unto the Kidney Beane which when they are ripe will by the shaking of the winde make a noyse in their pods the roote is hard and wooddy 14. Spartum Hispanicum majus flore albo The greater White flowred Spanish Broome The other Spanish Broome in his naturall place groweth much higher than the former even to any mans height whose branches are more lithy and pliant than the other having small leaves on them like the other and as soone fading the flowers also stand upon long stalkes and are like them for the forme but larger and of a white colour of as small sent as they which afterwards turne into small round pods like the former but smaller each one conteining but one seede for the most part and smaller also 15. Chamaespartum montanum triphyllum Dwarfe Broome of Naples This small Broome hath wooddy stalkes from whence shoote forth rushlike branches set at distances with three small whitish hairy leaves as small as those of Sothernwood at the toppes whereof stand yellow flowers and hoary hairy huskes succeeding The Place The first groweth plentifully in many places of our owne Country as well as in Spaine Italy France and Germany The second is found in some places about Mompelier in France and Friburg in Germany The third groweth in the Iland of the Turrhene Sea called Ilva the fourth in some places of Spaine only the fift is found in many places of our own Land the sixt groweth in Candy as Alpinus saith and Bauhinus saith he had it out of the garden of the Noble Contarenus at Padoa the seaventh groweth in many untilled or unmanured grounds of our land as also by the hedges and way sides and in some meddowes also plentifully where they keepe it for the profit is made thereof even as of Broome the eight Clusius saith he found in no other place than onely in the kingdome of Murcia in Spaine and there also he saw the Broome rape growing from the roote thereof The ninth groweth in many dry unmanured sheepe pastures in Narbone of France as Pena and Lobel say the tenth Clusius saith he onely found in some rough dry grounds in the Kingdome of Valentia the eleventh was found in Spaine neere unto a place called Aquas blancas as Bauhinus from Doctor Albinus saith the twelth in many places of France Spaine and Italy the thirteenth is common as Clusius saith in the dry sandy grounds of both the contries of Castile the foureteenth he saith he onely found in the Island of Gades or Cales the last Columna saith he found on the hils in Naples The Time All these flower some earlyer or later in the sommer moneths and give their seede ripe before winter but the Spanish kindes are for the most part the latest that perfect their seede The Names Genista or as some write it Genesta agenuum flexilitate ad nexus utilis haud dubie nominatur vel potius quia genibus medeatur dolentibus and therefore diverse in former times did take Spartium Dioscordis to be the Genista latinorum and even Plinye also in his time was doubtfull whether it were not so for Spartium as Dioscorides saith vinculi usum in alligandis vitibus prebeant and therefore the controversie among diverse writers endured untill Ruellins his time who refuted the opinions of Hermolaus and Marcellus that tooke them to bee both one but Pena and Lobel since them in their Adversaria call the Genista Scoparia which is our
standing upright or rising so high but the yellow flower Flore pleno and sharpe biting taste of the leaves is almost equall with the former Of this kinde there is also one with double flowers nuursed in gardens 4. Ranunculus arvorum Crowfoote of the plowed lands This Crowfoote hath diverse smaller leaves than any of the former divided into many narrower parts of an overworne greene colour the stalke is about a foote or more high bearing some leaves thereon more jagged than the lower and more divided at the toppe into other branches bearing pale yellow flowers after which come rough pointed seedes set in heads many together the roote is composed of many white fibres or strings 5. Ranunculus bulbosus sive tuberosus Knobbed Crowfoote The knobbed or round rooted Crowfoote hath diverse leaves rising from the roote much more cut in and divided than any of the former except the last every one standing on a short footestalke of an overworne greene colour among which rise up diverse slender stalkes a foote or halfe a yard high with some leaves thereon at the joynts more divided and into longer and narrower parts than those below at the toppes whereof stand severall faire gold yellow shining flowers made of five leaves like the former sorts with many threds in the middle standing about a greene head which after the flowers are past groweth to be more rough or pricking than the former the roote is white and round of the bignesse sometime of a Wallnut and often much lesse being no 5. Ranunculus bulbosus Knobbed Crowfoote Ranunculus Anglicus bulbosus Batchelours buttons bigger than a beane or sometimes an hasell nut with some long fibres at the ends especially of it of a mâ— sharpe biting taste than any of the former Bulbosus Auglicus Of this kinde is that thought to be that beareth double yellow flowers one out of another and called Aâ—gâ— set forth in my former garden whose figure is here extant also As also one whose flower is single and red like an Orange Bulbosus flore rubro simplici 6. Ranunculus Echinatus Creticus Small prickly headed or Crowfoote of Candye This small Crowfoote hath many stalkes rising from a threddy roote round and smooth full of branches scarse rising a foote high at every joynt standeth one broad sad greene crumpled leafe upon a very long foote stalke the flowers at the toppes are small and of a pale yellow colour and the heades of many small seedes and browne set together are somewhat sharpe and prickely 7. Ranunculus Apuleii quibusdam The small early Crowfoote of Apuleius This small early Crowfoote which some take to be the Batrachium of Apuleius hath diverse small and sheâ— leaves lying upon the ground not so much divided as the last but cut into three divisions for the most part each of them dented at the ends and standing upon short foote stalkes of an inch or two long compassing one another at the bottomes of them from among these leaves rise up diverse weake stalkes bowing and leaning downe to the ground againe at the joynts whereof grow such like leaves as grow below standing each of them upon his short foote stalke and with them also commeth forth at each joynt a small short stalke bearing a flower consisting of five leaves of a faire pale yellow colour with diverse yellow threds in the middle after the flowers are past there follow five or sixe small cods or hornes pointed and crooked at the ends wherein lye fâ— brownish round seede somewhat like those of the Winter Wolfes bane the roote from the head thereof shooteth forth many white fibres whereby it taketh fast hold on the ground encreasing into severall heade both rootes and leaves are no lesse sharpe and biting than any of the former 8. Ranunculus pratensis rotundifolius Bonomensis Meddow Crowfoote of Bononia The leaves that rise from this blackish threddy rooted Crowfoote are round soft and hayrie dented abouâ— the edges of a sad greene colour and about an inch broad standing upon very long foote stalkes but those the grow upon the stalke are larger and for the most part round also a little divided into some parts but not to the middle the stalke is about a foote high bending a little downe to the ground and as it were creeping divided into smaller branches with large leaves at the joynts standing upon long foote stalkes and small pale yellow flowers set on the toppes of them with a few yellow threds in the middle about a greene head which growing to be ripe hath many sharpe or prickely browne seedes set together 9. Ranunâ—u us minimus Apulus The small Crowfoote of Naples This small Crowfoote being the least of all the rest hath a few small leaves growing from the roote divided into three parts somewhat like unto an Ivie leafe each of them upon a small long hayrie foote stalke no bigger than the nayle of ones finger the stalke is about a foote high small and slender and a little hayrie also with some leaves thereon and small yellow flowers at the toppe the seede is small in heades like the other kindes and the rootes small and fibrous 10. Ranunculus Pannonicus maximus The great Crowfoote of Hungary The great Crowfoote of Hungary is the greatest of all these sorts of Crowfeete having diverse very large broad thicke sappy pale greene shining leaves not much lesser than Figge leaves cut into five parts or divisions and each of them endented about the edges being somewhat hayrie withall a little sharpe and biting upon the tongue but not so much at most of the former sharpe sorts are the stalkes are great strong and somewhat hayrie two foote high spread at the toppes into diverse branches whereon stand faire gold yellow flowers like unto other Crowfeete and such like heads of seede following them the rootes are many white fibres or strings Creticus latisolius shooting downe from a head into the ground Very like hereunto is the great Crowfoote of Candyâ— set forth in my former booke but that the rootes are composed of long kernelly knots whose figure I here exhibite unto you 11. Ranunculus Illyricus minor The lesser Crowfoote of Sclavonie The lesser Crowfoote of Illyria or Sclavonie hath but three or foure narrow grayish greene leaves divided into foure or five or more parts standing upon long foote stalkes and of a silver white shining colour underneath the stalkes are firme and round but small about a foote high or more having some such like leaves thereon about the middle and spreading into three or foure branches every one beating a small shining pale yellow flower consisting of five leaves and sometimes two together upon a stalke the roote is composed of many small round grayish kernels set very close and hard together in a bunch with some fibres thereat 12. Ranunculus Illyricus major The greater Crowfoote of Sclâ—vonie This greater kinde is both in leafe stalke and flower greater and larger than the former
former Booke set forth one of this kind very like hereunto both for forme of flowers and rootes whose figure you have before this other differeth from it in the leaves the former being somewhat broader than this very like unto the small Thalictrum which are very small narrow and much divided very like unto the leaves of the greater Bulbocastanum or earth Chesnut some lying upon the ground and others standing more upright each standing upon a reddish hairy foote stalke which with the leaves is very nigh halfe a foote long in the middle of whom appeareth a greene head before the stalke is risen and beareth it at the toppe thereof as it riseth which when it is ripe ready to blow sheweth to be but one faire shining yellow flower whereas the other hath many white ones consisting of five round pointed leaves with many yellow threds in the middle standing about a greene head which in time groweth somewhat longer than in other sorts of Crowfeete having many crooked seedes set together thereon but much smaller than in many of the other the stalke is singular not many but hairy and reddish seldome branched but bearing two or three divided leaves towards the toppes somewhat broader that those below upon short footestalkes at severall distances one above another on both sides thereof the roote is composed of diverse tuberous round and somewhat long clogs ending in a very long fibre very like unto the other 10. Ranunculus alter saxatilis Asphodeli radice The pale Crowfoote of Naples with Asphodill roote This Crowfoote of Naples hath many thicke cloggie rootes joyned together at the end greater above and smaller downewards of about a thummes length with many small fibres among them from whence the first leaves that rise up are broad somewhat deepely cut in on the edges on both sides but those that follow next are much more divided and into many parts each part cut in also and dented besides on the edges and standing upon long foote stalkes which are broader at the bottome than above and compasse one another at the foote for a little way upward being somewhat hairy also greene on the upperside and whiter underneath the stalke is round and hairy about a foote and a halfe high having diverse leaves thereon much more divided than those below and at the joynts with the leaves toward the toppes come forth long branches with small jagged leaves on them under a small tuft of three or foure large pale flowers of five broad or round pointed leaves of the breadth of ones naile with many yellow threds in the middle the seede is small round flat and pointed many set together on a long head 11. Ranunculus montanus hirsutus latifolius Great hairy Mountaine Crowfootes The first leaves of this Crowfoote are round like those of Doves foote very hairy of a blackish greene colour and soft divided or cut into three parts each of them also parted into three smaller divisions standing upon 2. Ranunculus montanus Pennaei The great purple mountaine Crowfoote 3. Ranunculus plantaginis folio Plantaine leafed Crowfoote long hairy footestalkes yet those that follow are broader more divided and hairy among which riseth up a straked hollow stalke a cubite and a halfe high with diverse leaves set thereon and parted toward the toppe into many branches having small pale yellow flowers on them like unto others of this kinde and seede also in the like manner the roote is long made of many fibres 12. Ranunculus montanus lanuginosus folijs Ranunculi pratensis repentis Woolly mountaine Crowfoote The roote of this Crowfoote hath reddish strings or fibres sending forth a small soft woolly stalke about a cubite high devided into many branches with pale greene leaves set thereon being soft and woolly and standing on woolly long footestalkes an hand breadth long devided into three principall parts and each of them into others and dented about the edges very like unto those of the Medow creeping Crowfoote the flowers hereof that stand at the toppes of the branches are yellow but larger than the last 13. Ranunculus saxatilis magno flore Rocke Crowfoote with large flowers This Crowfoote hath many small leaves rising from a long fibrous roote set upon long foote stalkes scarse so broad as the naile of ones hand parted into three 4 Ranunculus Pyraeneus albus duplex Double white Crowfoote of the Pyrenian hills 5 Ranunculus montanus Betonica foliis Mountaine Crowfoote with Betony-like leaves 7. Ranunculus gramineus persoliatus Thorough leafed grasse Crowfoote Ranunculus alter non perfoliatus latifolius 8. Ranunculus pumilus angustifolius Another small norrow leafed Crowfoote small jagges and they againe into two or three other somewhat soft and woolly the stalke that riseth up among these is scarse an hand breadth high somewhat woolly also bearing but one large flower at the toppe of a shining gold yellow colour made of five leaves with many deeper yellow threds in the middle 14. Ranunculus saxatilis folijs subrotundis Rocke Crowfoote with roundish leaves This small Rocke Crowfoote hath a few somewhat round leaves spread upon the ground thicke and hairy scarse a nailes breadth yet devided into small peeces which also are cut in on the edges standing upon short footestalkes scarce an inch long the slender woolly stalke that brancheth it selfe from the bottome riseth not above halfe a foote high with some leaves at the foote of the branches and many yellow flowers of five small leaves at the toppes the roote is small and fibrous 15. Ranunculus minimus saxatilis hirsutus The smallest hairy Rocke Crowfoote This smallest Crowfoote spreadeth diverse verie small and somewhat round hairy leaves cut into three round parts and dented about the edges standing upon small long hairy foote stalkes in the middle of which riseth up a small slender hairy branched stalke not above two or three inches high with small yellow flowers at the toppes like unto the rest and so is the seede that followeth the roote likewise is small and fibrous 16. Ranunculus vilosissimus Monspeliacus Small red hairy Crowfoote of Mompelior This red hairy Crowfoote of Mompelier hath a small roote made of many reddish fibres from whence spring up diverse thicke small and hairy leaves at the first being devided into diverse peeces some whereof are round and other sharpe pointed but those that rise up with the hairy stalke are devided into long and pointed peeces and as it were prickly at the ends but of an uneven length some being longer and shorter than others which stalke being of an hand breadth high and branched at the toppe hath a small devided leafe at the foote of every of those small branches that beare yellow flowers of a meane bignesse like unto others of this sort the whole plant is covered with reddish soft haires that it seemeth as if it were reddish it selfe The Place All these sorts of Crowfeete grow upon the Mountaines some in Germany some on Mount Iura by Savoy some by Mompelier
of Dioscorides and Theophrastus that our Tormentill is their best and most noble Pentaphyllum and is thereunto led as he saith by the text of Theophrastus in his tenth booke and fourth Chapter wnich yet contrarieth his judgement in my mind for he there saith that all the leaves are five parted and his roote reddish when it is fresh and blackish and square when it is dryed but Tormentill hath more leaves of seaven divisions then five and hath alwayes yellow flowers when as Dioscorides saith his hath whitish The first Bauhinus calleth Quâ—que folium album majus caulescens The second is his Quinque folium album majus alterum and by all other Authors Pentaphyllum or Quinquefolium album the other of that kind Tragus calleth his owne that is Pentaphyllum Tragi nobile Vnto the third I have given the name as Alpinus doth from the forme of his leaves and fruite and from the place of his naturall abiding but Pona in his Italian Baldus calleth it Lupinus Arabicus sive Pentaphyllum peregrinum The fourth Bauhinus calleth Quinquefolium album minus The fifth is Clusius his second which he calleth Quinquefolium minus flore albo and as he saith is the same that Lobel calleth Pentaphyllum minimum petraum but that as Clusius saith his kinde hath as large flowers as the Strawberry which Lobels hath not but Clusius is therein much deceived for Lobels Pentaphyllum petraeum or petrosum is declared before to be the Stellaria argentea of Camerarius and with Bauhinus Quinquefolium album minus alterum The sixth came to me by the name of Pentaphyllum argenteum and because it is none of the great ones I have added thereto minus The last Clusius calleth Pentaphyllum fragiferum and is the Fragaria quarta Tragi The Italians call it Cinquefolio the Spaniards Cinco Yramas the French Quintefueille the Germanes Funff finger kraut the Dutch men Viif vinger czuyt we in English Cinkefoile and Cinkefield and five finger grasse or five leafed grasse Secundus Ordo The second Ranke 1. Pentaphyllum vulgatissimum The most common Cinkefoile THe common small Cinkefoile spreadeth and creepeth farre upon the ground with long slender stringes like Strawberries which take roote againe and shooteth forth many leaves made of five parts and some times of seven dented about the edges and somewhat hard the stalkes are slender leaning downewards and beare many small yellow flowers thereon with some yellow threds in the middle standing about a smooth green head which when it is ripe is a little rough and containeth small brownish seede the roote is of a blackish browne colour seldome so bigge as ones little finger but growing long with some threds or fibres thereat and by the small strings it quickly spreadeth over the ground 2. Pentaphyllum incanum repens Alpinum Creeping Mountaine Cinkefoile The creeping Mountaine Cinkefoile shooteth forth many leaves from the roote like unto the former and dented about the edges but softer in handling and somewhat of a grayish greene or hairy shining colour the stalkes are slender and trayle almost upon the ground with some lesser and lesser divided leaves on them then below bearing many gold yellow large flowers with yellow threds in the middle and such like seede the roote is smaller and more fibrous then the former but spreadeth in the like manner 3. Pentaphyllum repens minus Small creeping Cinkefoile This small Cinkefoile creepeth and spreadeth upon the ground like the last and is in stalkes and flowers alike also saving that the leaves are somewhat larger and nothing hoary or shining but greene and have a little soft hairy downe on them and the flowers are not of so gold a yellow colour in other things not much differing 4. Pentaphyllum minus repens lanuginosum Small woolly creeping Cinkefoile This woolly Cinkefoile is very like the last for growing both of stalkes leaves and flowers but the stalkes are 1. Pentaphyllum vulgatissimum The most common Cinkefoile 4. Pentaphyllum minus repens lanuginosum Small hoary creeping Cinkefoile 6. Pentaphyllum supinum Potentillae sacie Low Cinkefoile with wild Tansie leaves a little slender not greene but reddish the leaves are more woolly and the edges deepelier dented in the flowers also are of a deeper gold yellow colour then the last 5. Pentaphyllum minimum repens The smallest creeping Cinkefoile This smallest Cinkefoile is lesse creeping then any of the former having many small leaves of five parts as others have but a little whitish hoary underneath this scarse beareth any stalke with small pale yellow flowers having a purplish head in the middle which growing ripe is hard and like a small Strawberry head as all the rest have the roote is small but somewhat sharper in taste then the others but yet astringent withall 6. Pentaphyllum supinum Potentillae facie Low Cinkefoile with wild Tansy leaves This small Cinkefoile creepeth not nor yet standeth upright but leaneth downe with his weake stalkes to the ground ward having very long stalkes of leaves on them divided into many parts next the ground set on each side thereof two at a space one against another and an odde one at the end all of them dented about the edges very like unto wild Tansy leaves but not hoary or silver like as they but greene the flowers come at the joynts with the leaves towards the toppes of the stalkes which are there lesser and lesse divided then those below every one by it selfe which are small and of a pale yellow colour with a head in the middle which after it is ripe is like unto the other Cinkefoile heads of seede that is like unto a small hard dry Strawberry the roote is small long and blackish like the ordinary Cinkefoile 7. Alterum eidem simile Enneaphyllon Another small one like thereunto There is another low one of this kind that Bauhinus hath â—et forth in his Prodromus whose small slender stalkes three or foure inches long are many lying round about the roote upon the ground divided into many branches whereon are long stalkes of leaves like unto the last but divided into nine parts each of them much narrower than they very hairy and dented about the edges the flowers are small and more yellow standing in the same manner and yeelâ—ing the like heade of seede the roote is somewhat thicker and blacke ending in long fibres The Place The first groweth by woods sides hedge sides the pathwayes in fields and in the borders and corners of them almost through all the land the second groweth on the highest toppes of the Alpes that are highest unto Austria the other Pentaphyllum of Clusius groweth in the grassie fields of the Alpes neare Austria the third groweth the most common of all others by the wayes sides in dry grounds in Hungary the lower Austria Moravia and Bohemia the fourth groweth in the same places with the third but more rare to be met with the fift Tragus saith in many sandie grounds of Germany and in the grassie fields that are by the woods
against the hardnesse or difficulty to make water or the Strangury when it commeth by drops and to expell gravell and the stone out of the kidneyes and helpeth also other paines in the reines and backe it is very good to be given to such as are troubled with the jaundise and taken in wine helpeth those that are bitten by the Phalangium or great poysonous spider and other Serpents being boyled in wine or vinegar it is good for those that have their arteries loosened and are troubled with the hippe-gout or Sciatica the rootes boyled in wine and taken are said to helpe the frensy and the falling sicknesse and to ease the paines of the mother in women the decoction thereof likewise is good to cleare the fight that is dimme and misty and being held in the mouth warme easeth the tooth-ache the same also healeth the paines of the breast stomacke and bowels and taken every morning fasting for certaine daies together stirreth up bodily lust in man or woman although some have written the contrary that it hindereth conception and causeth barrennesse Chrysippus saith that three scruples of the seed of Asparagus Smallage and Cummin being given in three or foure ounces of wine for five dayes continually to them that make a bloody water it will helpe them and he saith also that it is not good for any that hath a dropsie to take thereof but rather is an enemy and will doe them harme although it be powerfull to provoke urine Avicen saith that it causeth the body to have a sweete savour to take the buds as meate but it doth render the urine stincking it dissolveth the wind in the stomacke liver and guts and the paines of the chollicke which rise of pituitous and thicke flegmaticke humours the Garden Asparagus nourisheth more then the wilde kindes yet hath it also his effects both in the urine reines and bladder in opening the body gently and many other the forenamed diseases but this inconvenience happeneth by all medicines that strongly provoke urine if they be too frequently used they doe exulcerate the bladder many doe use the seede of Asparagus for all the purposes before written and hold them as effectuall as the rootes the decoction of the rootes or seede made in wine and the backe and belly bathed therewith or to sit therein as in a bath but kneeling or lying low that they may sit the deeper therein hath beene found to be effectuall against the paines of the reines kidneys and bladder the paines of the mother and of the chollicke and generally all those paines and torments that happen to the lower members of the body it is no lesse effectuall also against stiffe and benummed sinewes or those that are shrunke by crampes or convulsions and the paines of the hippes called Sciatica it is said that whosoever shall moisten their hands face necke or any other part of the skinne with the decoction or juice of Asparagus there shall no Bee Waspe Hornet or other such like flye sting them Dioscorides saith that divers did affirme in his time that if the decoction of it be given to a dogge to drinke it will kill him divers fabulous things have beene obtruded for truth in the writings of the ancient and the moderne writers also if they either follow the traditions of their elders without consideration of the probability or examination of the verity or else are led by vulgar reports whereof this is one in the text of Dioscorides which himselfe holdeth to be false and untrue because it is so unlike in reason and nature that if Rammes horne be beaten or bruised and buried in the ground from thence shall rise Asparagus some have affirmed also that if you sow the seede of Asparagus in canes stucke in the ground they will grow the sweeter and more pleasant in taste because they say the Asparagus and the Cane or Reede have a great simpathy one unto another which how true or likely it is I leave to every one to beleeve as they list but the practise of many Gardiners that nurse Asparagus for their profit is to have canes out of severall lengths some shorter some longer which they sticke over the heads or shootes of the Asparagus whereby they say the buds are made the tenderer and more delicate to be eaten which peradventure may be likely in some part as all other sallet herbes that are whited by covering them or keeping them from the ayre and are thereby caused to be the tenderer onely by concocting the superfluous moisture in them but I cannot beleeve that it commeth from any vertue or simpathy of the cane thereunto if this be not true and probable let others bring more probability and I will yeeld unto it CHAP. XXI Linaria Tode Flaxe or Flaxeweede OF the Linaria or Todeflaxe there are many sorts some whereof that is the most beautifull I have set forth in my former booke which are these Linaria purpurea five caerulea Purple or blew Todeflaxe Linaria purpurea odorata Sweete purple Todeflaxe Linaria Valentina Todeflaxe of Valentia And Linaria magna sive Scoparia Belvidere dicta Italorum Broome Todeflaxe which I shall not neede againe to describe here but of the rest not there expressed And because of the great variety I would use this method in setting them forth first to place those that grow upright and have broader leaves then next those that have narrower leaves and yet grow upright and lastly of the smallest kinds that creepe upon the ground Linariae erectae Latifoliae Vpright broad leafed Flaxeweedes 1. Linaria latifolia Dalmatica The great Dalmatian Flaxeweede THe great Flaxeweede of Dalmatia hath divers faire large greene leaves spreading upon the ground being about two inches long and one broad ending very sharpe pointed without any footestalke at them but rising up with the stalke which is firme hard and round about two or three foote high hath the like leaves set thereon without any order up to the toppe but lesser as they grow higher the stalke is branched at the toppe having at every one of the branches such like spikes of deepe or gold yellow flowers as are in the common wild kinde with spurres behind them but each of them are three or foure times larger then the common the seed is like the wilde kind and enclosed in the like heads but larger also the roote is white and spreadeth some branches under ground and perisheth not as the wild kinde doth but abideth in the winter with both roote and stalke shooting fresh leaves every Spring 2. Linaria Latifolia Cretica major The great broadleafed Flaxeweede of Candy This Flaxeweede of Candy sendeth from the roote a round thicke stalke two or three foote high spread into many branches whereon are set sometimes two and sometimes three leaves together on a small footestalke on each side of them sometimes one against another and other times keeping no order each whereof is larger and longer then the former and of a grayish greene
whole plant both leaves flowers and seede are of a strong and grievous sent and of a very sharpe and quicke taste 3. Camphoratae congener sive Anthyllis altera Italorum Ground Pine not stinking The other Ground Pine that smelleth not so strong as the former sorts doe groweth upright in the same manner with divers upright slender stalkes and many small leaves set at the joynts some of them being longer and some shorter then others all covered with a small woollinesse the flowers are very small standing many together at the toppes of the branches of a pale yellowish colour and of an astringent and drying taste The Place The first groweth neare unto Mompelier and Nemausium especially out of the rifts and chinkes of the old walls of the Amphitheater there and seldome in any other part of France or Italy as Pena saith yet Lugdunensis saith it prospereth better in fertile and moyst places then in such as are barren and dry The second groweth both in sandy dry grounds and in rotten moorish grounds likewise The last groweth in many places of Italy but whether naturally of that country or no is not signified but they there keepe it in their gardens where most usually it is to be seene The Time All these flower very late or not at all with us and are very hardly preserved in the winter being tender comming from so hot and dry places The Names None of these plants were knowne to the antient writers eyther Greekes or Latines by any the names of their herbes knowne to us now a dayes the name Camphorata is taken from Camphora because the sent is thought to be so like unto Camfire as divers doe imagine but surely then it smelleth otherwise in the hotter countries then they doe in ours for with us the former two have a grievous heady sent yet nothing so fierce and quicke in my judgement as Camfire is Anguillara first and others afterwards as also Pena and Lobel referre the former unto the Chamaepeuce of Pliny whereof he maketh mention in his 24. Booke and 15. Chapter saying that Chamaepeuce hath leaves like unto the Larche tree but Lugdunensis saith that divers did rather referre this to the Selago of the sayd Pliny mentioned in his 24. Booke and 11. Chapter where he saith that Selago is like unto Savine Divers also tooke it to bee the Cneorum nigrum of Dioscorides and Theophrastus but the learned of Mempelier called it Camphorata major and so doth Lobel call it Camphorata Monspeliensium Bauhinus calleth it Camphorata hirsuta when as according to Lugdunensis his description the roughnesse belongeth rather to the second in the stalkes and leaves and not unto this first Divers also tooke it to bee Ericae prius genus a kind of Heath others to be Hyssopus nemorensis and some also to be that Musci terrestris genus that Tragus doth set forth by the name of Sabina sylvestris Our London dispensatorie or pharmacopaeia Londinensis in the description of Vnguentum Marciatum maketh Camphorata to be Abrotanum which is utterly untrue yet I think it may very well be the substitute or succedanium thereof for that oyntment and Lugdunensis also saith that divers did referre the second which he calleth Champhorata minor Dalechampij to the Chamaepeuce of Pliny aforesaid but Bauhinus calleth it Camphorata glabra as though this were smooth which as I sayd before is contrary The last is called Anthyllis altera by Anguillara and others The learned in Italy as Lobel in his observations saith referre it to the second sort of Anthyllis of Dioscorides but because as he there saith it is not sweet as that second Anthyllis of Dioscorides should be hee doth rather judge the Iva Moschata Monspeliensium to be the truer Anthyllis altera then this Anthyllis Italorum Gerard hath much erred in calling this Anthyllis lentifolia and yet his figure doth expresse this Anthyllis Italorum and not Anthyllis lentifolia although his description doth Bauhinus calleth it as Lobel and others before him have done Camphoratae congener Tabermontanus Camphorata altera The Vertues These herbes are all of them of a drying faculty and are very profitably used inwardly to stay defluxions from the head that fall into the eyes and upon the Lungs and outwardly in bathes to stay running humours that rest in the joynts as the Goute Crampes Palsies and Aches it is no lesse effectuall for the Nerves and Sinewes to comfort and strengthen them to be made into a salve or oyntment and is availeable both in fresh wounds and old running ulcers and sore and therefore divers doe account it of the same propertie with Southernwood for all the purposes whereunto it is used CHAP. XLIX Coris The faire Heath Low Pine THere are three sorts of herbes called Coris the one Matthiolus first set forth and made knowne the other Honorius Bellus of Candy and Pena and Lobel set out the last which are as followeth 1. Coris Matthioli Matthiolus his faire Heath Low Pine This springeth up to the height of a foote or more with divers hard wooddy reddish stalkes full of joynts and many small and long thicke fat leaves set together at every of them somewhat like unto the Spergula or Francke Spurry at the toppes of the stalkes stand divers flowers each of them upon a short foote stalke consisting of five or sixe leaves somewhat like unto Hypericum S. Iohns woâ— or Ornithogalum Starre of Bethelem as Lobel compareth them but of a whitish red colour with yellow threds in the middle yet Matthiolus and others say the flowers are all yellow like Hipericum smelling somewhat sweete the seede is enclosed in round heads the roote is somewhat long and wooddy with many threddy fibres thereat this keepeth his greene leaves all the winter but turne somewhat of a yellowish red colour towards Autumne or seede time 2. Coris legitima Cretica Belli The Candye faire Heath Low Pine This Candiot as Bellus saith groweth to be a cubit and a halfe high in good ground branching forth many wayes and bearing many small leaves like unto Heath on the woody stalkes and branches the flowers at the toppes are not unlike to S. Iohns wort and yellow which passe into seede enclosed in huskes like it also the roote is long spreading and wooddy abiding with greene leaves thereon all the winter 3. Coris Monspeliensium The purple faire Heath Low Pine This faire Heath Low Pine riseth up likewise with many round wooddy and reddish stalkes not so high as the former having many small long thick roundish leaves set thereon without order most commonly yet sometimes conformable one unto another somewhat like unto the great kinde of Heath the tops of the stalkes are stored with a great spiked tuft or bush of purplish blew flowers but pale red with us smelling somewhat sweete each consisting of foure leaves a peece double forked as it were at the ends two whereof that stand uppermost are greater than the other two that are
remembred onely by Cornutus in his history of Canada plants and there called Lamium Astragalâ—ides The third is the first Lamium of Dodonaeus called by Lobel Archangelica flore albo from whence came out English word Archangell as I take it The fourth is as I sayd the Galeopsis of Matthiolus Lugdunensis and others that follow him Tabermontanus called both these sorts Lamium purpureum album Caesalpinus calleth them Lâ—cas and are his second and third Bauhinus calleth them Lamium purpureum vel album non faetaeus folio oblongo The fifth Thalius calleth Vrtica fatua 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is Tabermontanus first Galeopsis which Columâ— calleth Vrtica mortua maculis albis respersa and of Bauhinus Lamium maculatum The sixt is the Lamium Plinij of Anguillara Camprarius and Matthiolus and by him called Vrtica lactea who would faine have made it the Galâ—opsis of Dioscorides but that he found Pliny to make mention of the white in the leaves of Lamium to be especially used for inflammations S. Anthonies fire and the like which made him desist from that opinion and conclude it Plinies Lamium Columna calleth it Lamium Plinij montanum and Bauhinus Lamium alba linea 〈◊〉 and this he saith the Jtalians call Milzadella or Milzatella which is so highly commended by them against the spleene but Lobel taketh the ordinary white or the yellow Archangell to bee it and so doth Liâ—s also and both erroniously The seaventh is called Lamium luteum by Lobel Dodonaeus and others Galeopsis flore luteo by Camerarius and Dalechampius Caesalpinus calleth it Leucoium montanum the last is called Casside by Columna and Scutellaria by Cortusus and those of Italy as well at Padoa as at Naples Bauhinus calleth it Lamium pere grinum sive Scutellaria and saith that it is the Scordotis secunda Plinij of Pona in his Italian description of Mount Baldus which I hardly beleeve because the flowers are not equall according to their figures as also that Betonica sylvestris of Paulus Aegineta that is like Pennyroyall and without sent whereof I speake in the Chapter of Betony hereafter by Quadramius judgement is this kind of Lamium the Italians call it Ortica morte the Spaniards Hertiga muerta the French Ortie morte the Germanes Todt Nessell Taâ—b Nessell and Binsang the Dutch Doove Nettlen and wee in English Dead Nettle Blind Nettle and Archangell The Vertues The Archangells are somewhat hotter and drier then the stinging Nettles and are more appropriate and with better successe used for the obstructions and hardnesse of the spleene then they to be used inwardly by drinking the decoction of the herbe in wine and afterwards applying the herbe hot or the decoction unto the region of the spleene as a cataplasme or fomentation with spunges The flowers of the white Archangells are preserved or conserved daily to be used or the distlled water of them is used to stay the whites and those of the red to stay the reds in women and is thought good to make the heart merry to drive away melancholly and to quicken the spirits It is commended also against quartaine agues It stancheth bleedings also at the mouth or nose if the herbe be stamped and applyed to the nape of the necke the herbe also bruised and with some salt and vinegar or with Auxungia that is Hogs Lard laid upon any hard tumour or swelling and that in the neck or throate which is called the Kings Evill doth helpe to dissolve or discusse them in the like manner applyed to the Goute Sciatica or other joynt aches or of the sinewes doth very much allay the paines and give ease It is also very effectuall for all inflammations as a repercussive and to heale all greene wounds by drying and closing up the lippes of the wounds and for old Vlcers also to stay their malignitie of fretting and corroding or spreading thereby causing them to heale the more speedily it draweth forth splinters or other such like things gotten into the flesh Pliny highly commendeth it for many other things as for bruises and burnings but the Archangell with yellow flowers is most commended for old filthy and corrupt sores or corrupt Vlcers yea although they grow to be fistulous or hollow and to dissolve tumors CHAP. LXVI Galeopsis Stinking Dead Nettle I Have have to bring to your consideration not onely the Genuine Galeopsis of Dioscorides both in Clusâ— and my judgement but some other plants also which may not unfitly for their likenesse thereunto be referred unto it as I thinke 1. Galeopsis genuina Dioscoridis The true stinking Dead Nettle of Dioscorides This kind of Dead Nettle hath divers square soft and hairy stalkes rising up to be three or foure foote high at the joynts whereof grow two leaves a peece upon long footestalkes very like unto Nettle leaves but thâ—â— they are soâ—â— and somewhat hoary or hairy but not stinging at all of a very strong sent somewhat unpleasant especially growing in shadowy places and nothing so strong in the open fields at the toppes of the stalkes grow the flowers set in rundles foure or five at a space and many of them one above another in manner of a spâ—ke every 〈◊〉 standing in a greenish huske like unto those of the former â—d Nettles but not so grea◠〈◊〉 are of a sad red or purplish colour especially the heads or upper parts but the lower labells or lippes have some white spots in them within those huskes after the flowers are fallen grow small found yet somewhat rough seede â—re for the most part standing together the roote is composed of many 〈◊〉 shooting fresh hâ— every year and increasing thereby very much 2. Galeopsis altera incana Hoary stinking Dead Nettle This other Dead Nettle hath shorter square stalkes soft 1. Galeopsis legitima Dioscoridis Stinking Dead Nettle 4. Galeopsis altera laâ—co pallida Pale coloured Galeopsis or stinking Dead Nettle 5. Galeopsis maxima Pannonica The Dragon flower and hoary very slender and weake creeping as it were by the ground with two leaves set at the joynts likewise soft and hairy and more hoary underneath not so large as the former the toppes of the stalkes end in a long spike or purplish flowers set in roundles as in the other the seede and roote is also answerable unto the other 3. Galeopsis luâ—ea Dalechampij Yellow stinking Dead Nettle The yellow Dead Nettle hath square low stalkes not above a cubit high with long leaves set thereon by couples very like unto Nettle leaves smaller below next the ground then up higher upon the stalkes being hairy but not stinking and smelling somewhat strong like the first the flowers grow in long spiked heads in the same manner but are all yellow when they are fully blowne consisting of two leaves the uppermost whereof is not so much hooded as the former but is as it were a cover to the lower and turneth it selfe up againe having some yellow threds in the middle
the edges of a pale greene colour soft and a little woolly withall but those that grow on the crested cubit high stalke are narrower and longer compassing it at the foote of them the highest leaves are smallest and narrowest where the flowers standing above them are set as it were in a tuft or umbell foure or five together which while they are buds and not blowne open are of a darke reddish colour but being blowne open the pale or border of leaves are of a yellowish red or orreng colour on the upperside and reddish underneath parted or dented at the ends the middle thrum being of a faire gold yellow colour which turne into downe and together with the seede is carried away with the winde the roote is like the other and continueth also 6. Iacobaea rotundifolia incana Round leafed hoary Ragwort The roote of this Ragwort is brownish and composed of long strings as the other sorts are from whence rise divers thicke and somewhat round leaves greene on the upperside but very hairy and hoary white underneath of two inches long a peece and an inch and halfe broad with a short footestalke underneath and dented about the edges the stalke which is about a foote high hath but few leaves thereon and those very narrow and long at the toppes whereof stand large yellow flowers like unto the Scorsonera or Vipers grasse the seede hath not beene observed 7. Iacobaea marina sine Cineraria vulgaris The common Sea Ragwort The Ragwort that groweth in our land neare the Sea side hath hard crested stalkes about two foote high all hoary or white whereon grow hoary white leaves much jagged or cut into divers parts yet each part of them broader then any of our wild Ragworts and somewhat stiffe but yet soft in handling the toppes of the stalkes are furnished with divers flowers whose cups or huskes are hoary as the rest of the plant is but the flower it selfe is of a pale yellow colour with a brownish thrum in the middle which turne into downe and with the seede is carryed away with the wind the root is long and more wooddy then the other with divers small fibres thereat 8. Iacobaea marina altera seu minor The lesser Sea Ragwort The other sea Ragwort groweth lesser and lower then the former yet the leaves are longer and much divided or cut into many jagged leaves each jagge being rounder pointed then the other of a grayish or ash colour greene above and very white underneath the flowers are many that grow at the toppes of the hard wooddy hoary white stalkes which are three or foure foote high sometimes and branched but smaller and of a dun or darker yellow then the other and the middle thrum browner also which abide in flower two whole months at the least before they fall away turning at the last into downe as the other the roote is somewhat great and wooddy like the other 9. Iacobaea maritima sive Cineraria latifolia Broad leafed Sea Ragwort This Sea Ragwort sendeth from the roote divers round stalkes about a foote and a halfe high very hoary and woolly divided into divers branches the lower leaves whereof are somewhat round and jagged as a Colewort each part being as it were waved about the edges and each leafe being about foure inches broad and a foot long together with the footstalk of a darke greene colour on the upperside and hoary white undeneath soft in handling the flowers grow at the tops of the branches upon longer and slenderer footestalks whose cups or husks are hoary and the flowers themselves greater and paler then in the former sorts the middle thrum being of a gold yellow colour which after they are ripe are turned into downe and with the seede blowne away with the winde The Place The two first sorts grow wilde in pasture and untilled grounds in many places and both together in one field oftentimes the three next grow in Hungary and Austria the sixt grew in some parts of France but it is not expressed where the seventh groweth on our owne coasts not farre from the Sea in the Isles of Shâ—ppie and Tennet and along the Kentish shore in many places the eighth groweth on the Mediterranean Sea shore of Italy and other places but Dodonaeus saith by the Sea side in Zeland the last is not mentioned by Bauhinus where it groweth The Time These flower in Iune and Iuly and the seede is ripe in August The Names Being an herbe of later knowledge it is not mentioned by any ancient Greeke or Latine Author unlesse you would as some doe referre it to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Erigerum of Dioscorides which the Latines call Senetis and therefore Lobel calleth it Iacobaea Senetio Tragus Matthiolus and others call it Flos Sancti Iacobi and Herba Sancti Iacobi Dodonaeus Iacobaea Camerarius and others Senetio major Gesner in hortis calleth the fourth Hungarian Iacobaea of Clusius Conyzae Alpinae genus and Conyza montana in another place Some have taken the sea kind to be Arthemisia marina or a species of it because the division of the leaves is somewhat like the Artheâ— vulgaris others call it Cineraria and Argentea from the whitenesse of the leaves which shew like silver or as though they were covered with ashes and is usually with us called Iacobaea marina and maritima the first is common as well in other countries as in this the second is not remembred by any author that I know unlesse it 〈◊〉 the first Iacobaea Pannonica of Clusius the third is Clusius his Iacobaea Pannonica tertia sive latifolia prima as the fâ—rth is his Iacobaea Pannonica quarta and latifolia secunda the fift is his Iacobaea Pannonica secunda the sixt is 〈◊〉 his Iacobaea latifolia incana the seventh is the Cineraria of Dodonaeus and Iacobaea marina of Lobel Pona Lugdunensis and others and the Achaovanabiat or Arthemisia marina of Alpinus lib. de plantis Aegypti and Eruca cineros of Lugdunensis as Bauhinus thinketh but surely then the figure is farre awry The eighth is the Cineraria of Lobel and is called by most Herbarists Cineraria altera and Iacobaea altera marina of Dodenaeus and Lugdunensis the last is called by Bauhinus Iacobaea maritima sive Cineraria latifolia It is called by the Italians Senetis maggiore Carduncello and Spellicciosa maggiore by the Spaniards Bomaron major by the French L'herbe S. Iaques by the Germans St. Iacobs blumen and St. Jacobs craut by the Dutch S. Iacobs cruijt and Aschercruiâ—t and we in English S. Iameswort and Ragwort The Vertues Ragwort is hot and dry in the second degree as some thinke with some bitternesse joyned therewith and therefore clenseth digesteth and discusseth the decoction of the herbe is much commended to wash the mouth or throat that have Vlcers and sores therein and for swellings hardnesse or impostumations for it throughly clenseth and healeth them as also the squinsie and the Kings Evill it doth helpe
thereby killeth it by consuming the life and moisture thereof and by choaking it with the abundance of shadow and moysture of his branches and evergreene leaves which may seeme to be an ornament thereto when it is leafelesse but is in the end the bane and utter ruin of it which branches also having thus fastned their rootes into the tree or wall will live thereby upwards if any shall cut away the trunke or body below as well as if it were not taken away at all but by fastning the roots into the wall and there growing great they often so cracke it that it will in time also ruine it utterly while the tree is young the leaves of most will be cornered but when it groweth elder it hath no corners on the sides and onely round or somewhat longe and pointed at the end the young leaves that spring forth from the branches keeping oftentimes the same order and are of a darke shining greene colour above and somewhat of a yellowish greene underneath striped with white and sometimes with red spots abiding fresh and greene Winter and Summer from the joynts of the stalkes and toppes of the branches grow forth upon short stalkes small mossie yellow flowers standing in an umbell or close round tuft after which come small round berries greene untill they grow ripe and then turning blacke with a small point at the end of every one in which is contained usually foure seedes three square in a manner but 1. Hedera arborea nostras Our ordinary Ivie 3. Hedera Dionysius sive Chrysâ—arpeâ— Yellow berried Ivie round on the one side It yeeldeth in the hot countries 4. Hedera Helix Barren Ivie 5. 6. Hedera Virginensis trifolia quinquesolia Virgintaâ— Ivie of three and five leaves 7. Hederaceis folijs planta Lobelif Lobels Ivie leafed plant a kind of reddish Gum of a strange sent which is dangerous to be used in Physicke inwardly being causticke of burning but is used for outward remedies chiefly 2. Hedera evrymbosa alba White berried Ivie This Ivie groweth in the same manner that the other doth without any great diversitie that hath beene observed in our time and is cheefly distinguished in that the leaves are thinner and finer and of a lighter greene colour and the berries of a whitish or grayish colour and not blacke when they are ripe 3. Hedera Dionysias sive Chrysocarpos Yellow berried Ivie The leaves of this Ivie are seldome cornered on the edges but smooth and onely pointed at the ends of a fresher greene colour or not so blacke as the first thicker also and fuller of veines and more thinly or sparsedly growing on the branches the berries are greater then in others and of a gold yellow colour declining to bee more browne when they are ripe 4. Hedera helix Barren Ivie The barren Ivie sendeth forth divers slender weake wooddy branches trayling upon the ground and for the most part lying thereon but sometimes it is found to winde it selfe and clime up the bushes and hedges under which it groweth with the small tendreâ—s it shooteth forth at the severall joynts of the branches where the leaves come forth being somewhat lesser then the former and of a darken shining greene colour usually formed into three corners yet sometimes into five at the joynt with the leafe underneath thrust forth also small white fibres or rootes whereby it taketh hold as it creepeth this beareth neither flowers nor seede 5. Hederatrifolia Virginensis Trefoile Ivie of Virginea The rootes of this plant doe shoote underground and send forth young wooddy stalkes whereof some will stand upright others lye downe and take roote againe as they spread as also in any wall they stand nigh unto like unto our barren Ivie the leaves are broad and large three alwayes set together upon a long footestalke at the joynts with the leaves come forth the pale flowers in a loose tuft or cluster which turne into pale yellow berries with small hard round ashcoloured seede in the dry wrinkled skinne or huske without any moisture at all in them this plant yeeldeth a white milke without any taste being broken in any part thereof which after it hath abidden a while will change to bee as blacke as Inke and is therefore held fit to colour the haire or any other thing 6. Hedera quinquefolia Virginensis Virginean Ivie I have described this in my former booke under the title of Vitis seu potius Hedera Virginensis so exactly that it were needlesse labour to doe it here againe I must therefore referre you thereunto for it I onely shew you the figure of a branch thereof with the other 7. Hederaceis folijs planta Lobelij Lobels Ivie leafed plant Not finding a fitter place then this let me with Bauhinus set it with the Ivies for the leaves sake although Lobel calleth it Cyclaminos hederaceis folijs This plant saith he hath stalkes about a cubit long or better which are sâ— and slender having Ivie like leaves upon them the flowers are long and hoodded of a pale purple colour This hee found on the hills in passing through Italy The Place The first is well knowne to every child almost to grow in woods upon the trees and upon the stone walls of Churches houses c. or sometimes to grow alone of it selfe as is before sayd yet very seldome the second is sayd to grow in France and some places of Turkey and some say in Naples also the third Pona and Lobel say grow in Campania and Apulia and yet sowen in gardens of Italy and also of Germany the fourth groweth in moyst and shadowie places for the most part under hedges and the corner of waste grounds lanes and the like the two next grow in the Northwest parts of America where our English Colonies are planted the last as is before recited The Time Our Ivie flowreth not untill Iuly and the berries are not ripe usually untill about Christmas that they have felt the winter frosts of the other two wee can say no more then that wee have little acquaintance with them yet Gesner in hortis saith that he saw that with yellow berries in Germany the American sorts are very late with us The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cissus and Cittus quem a Cisso dictum fabulantur Graci pusmâ— Citti sive Liberi patris sultantis in Hederam ab illo verso Athenienses enim Cittum Bacchum ipsum vccant adeoque cum illo corenobatur quia ut ille semper juvenis ita haec perpetuo viret but Pena and Lobel say they thinke it is rather deduced from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est Curculio qui triticum hordeumque terebrat etenim importuna amasia radicatis propagaâ— arâ—is amploxu enecat exedit ut vermis triticum or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pumex sive porosus lapis quia ut illa â—m itâ—â—oc lignum textura porosa spiraculis innumeriâ— pervia vinum
ordinary Mouseare but of a deeper yellow or Orange colour smelling very sweete like Muske 3. Pilosella modia vulgaris erecta Common upright Mouseare This other Mouseare is very like the former the difference betweene them consisteth in this that the leaves are longeâ— and greener on the upperside and somewhat hoary underneath softer in handling and not so much 1. Pâ—osella minor vulgaris reâ—nâ— The common small creeping Mouscare 2. Pilosella media vulâ— ereâ— Common upright Mouseare 4. Pilosella altera erecta Vpright Mouseare Gnaphallum montanum sive Pes Caâ— Mountaine Câ—dweede or Catsfoote Gnaphiâ—â—eum The Cotton Rose 6. Pilosella maxima Syriaca Assyrian Mouseare 7. Myosotu Scorpioides hirsuta Blew Mouseare 8. Myosotis Scorpioides repens Small creeping blew Mouseare hairy the stalkes of flowers standing more upright and higher this doth give milke if a leafe or stalke be bâ—ken as the former doth 4. Pilosella minima The smallest Mouseare This also is in all things like the last but that it creepeth not by strings as the first doth and is smaller by the halfe both in leafe and flower 5. Pilosella altera erecta Another upright Mouseare This upright Mouseare hath a few hoary and hairy broad and long leaves lying upon the ground among which riseth up a slender hairy stalke bearing longer and narrower leaves thereon and at the toppe two or three small pale yellow flowers like in fashion unto the former which turne into downe as they doe the roote is small tough and fibrous 6. Pilosella montana parvo flore Mountaine Mouseare with many small flowers upon a stalke The roote of this Mouseare groweth not downewards but lyeth under the upper crust of the ground 〈◊〉 forth divers long white fibres therein whereby it is fastned it hath those leaves that lye next to 〈…〉 â—ter then those that come up after greene on the upperside but with very long white haires therein 〈…〉 seeme rough and underneath white but lesse hairy from among which riseth up a long round 〈◊〉 greene stalke three foote high smooth at the bottome and hairy at the toppe having two or three such leaves but lesser thereon at the toppes whereof stand many small flowers as it wâ— in an umbell but every 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 long footestalke being yellow and like in forme unto the former Mouseares as the seede is also which is â—ed away with the downe this giveth milke likewise in the same manner that the others doe 7. Pilosella maxima Syriaca Assyrian Mouseare I have so little acquaintance with this Mouseare that I can tell you no more of it then Lobel hath 〈◊〉 downe whom I must follow line by line And he saith it hath greater leaves then the former many set tog◠〈◊〉 roote being thicke and hoary white feeling like Velvet it sendeth forth three or foure square joy◠〈◊〉 about a foote high the flowers were not seene the roote is hard and wooddy with fibres thereat 8. Myosotis Scorpioides hirsuta Blew Mouseare with a turning toppe Let me joyne unto these Mouseares three other small wilde plants because they are generally called 〈◊〉 although as you shall heare by and by divers authors have diversly entitled them This riseth up with o◠〈…〉 usually and seldome with any more which is round hairy and about halfe a yard high or better as 〈…〉 whereof grow somewhat long and broad hairy leaves very like both for roughnesse shape and 〈…〉 wilde Borrage leaves the stalke is sometimes also branched and sometimes not with divers such like 〈…〉 lesser and lesser thereon up to the toppes of flowers which turneth or windeth it selfe inward like unto a Scorpions taile or the herbe Heliotropium the Sun turner the flowers which consist of five small round leaves apâ— are of a pale blew colour very much resembling the flowers of Buglosse or wilde Borrage with a yellow sâ— or eye in the middle and stand all on one side of the stalke and branches after they are past there come in their places small rough flat heads wherein the seede is conteined the roote is small and threddy 9. Myosotis Scorpioides repens Small creeping blew Mouseare This other is very like the last Mouseare but that it is smaller most usually having lesser leaves and flowers on the branches which doe not stand so upright but trayle or creepe on the ground the flowers also stand not on one side but on both and open by degrees the turning top which is like the other doth grow up and dilâ— it selfe and are of a blew colour and some more purple with a yellow eye in the middle 10. Myosotis Scorpioides minor flosculis luteis Small Scorpion Mouseare with yellow flowers The stalkes of this Mouseare are very small and hairy not above an hand breadth high with little long 〈◊〉 thereon upon long footestalkes the toppes with flowers doe twine themselves like the two last each of thâ— consisting of five leaves a peece and are of a gold yellow colour wholly The numbers in the figures must be aâ—red from the first according to these of the descriptions The Place The first and third grow promiscuously on ditch bankes and sometimes neare or in the ditches if they 〈◊〉 and in sandy grounds the second in America the fourth upon dry barren heathes especially upon Hâ— heath in that plenty that one can hardly set a foot but upon the heads of it the fift is more rare and but 〈◊〉 then to bee met with in our Land but more easily in Germany the sixt Fabius Columna found upon the 〈◊〉 Equicoli in the kingdome of Naples the seventh was brought out of Syria unto Lobel as hee saith the eight and ninth grow in dry and barren grounds in many places of this kingdome the former of the two I found in the backe close of Sr. Iohn Tunstall his house a little beyond Croydon The last Bauhinus saith groweth by Mompelier on the moist Vallies of Hortus Dei The Time They doe all flower about Iune and Iuly and abide greene all the Winter The Names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke is Auricula muris in Latine from whence these herbes are generally called Myosotis especially two of the last which are thought to be somewhat answerable to Dioscorides his Myosotis because 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 have blew flowers Lobel calleth them Alsine Myosotis Auricula muris and Myosotis Scorpioides reâ—ng 〈◊〉 to the kinds of Chickweeds Dodonaeus calleth the former of the Scorpioides Myosotis Scorpioides â—d maketh it his third kind Bauhinus confoundeth the two sorts of Myosotis Scorpioides together taking the land kinds to bee those of the water whereof Gesner his Scorpioides aquaticum and Thalius his Echij palustris altera spickes is one but he is therein deceived he calleth this arvense and the other palustre Casalpinus doth call it Heliotropi◠〈◊〉 alterum because the head twining with flowers is so like thereunto and Gesner Heliotropium erectâ— Colâ— calleth it Echium minimum vel Buglossum which caused Bauhinus to call them Echium Scorpioides referring
downe and is carried away with the winde the roote is somewhat great and long with some fibres thereat 5. Hieracium Dentis leonis folio asperum Rough Dandelion-like Hawkeweede This small Hawkeweede hath divers long and narrow hairy leaves reddish at the bottome next the roote deepely â—d or torne on the edges being about two inches loâ— from which rise one or two or more bare or naked stalkes rough or hairy bearing each of them a double yellow flower like unto the Hawkeweedes passing into downe the roote is small somewhat like a finger with a few fibres hanging thereat 6. Hieracium minus glabrum Small Hakeweede with smooth shining leaves This little Hawkeweede riseth little above a spanne â—gh with smooth fresh greene stalkes branched forth into others set with few but smooth shining greene leaves long and narrow being little torne on the edges compassing the stalkes at the bottome and eared as the third the flowers that grow at the toppes are of a faire gold yellow colour lesser than any other Hawkeweede each standing on a foote stalke about an inch long which as the rest doe passe away with the winde the roote is small long and whitish 7. Hieracium hirsutum ferè umbellatum Small Hawkeweede with umbel-like flowers This small Hawkeweeke hath five or sixe small leaves lying upon the ground waved or cut on the edges like unto the common Hawkweede having a soft downe like haires on the upperside of the leaves and smooth without haires underneath full of a bitter milke from among which riseth up aslender hairy stalke about a foote high or more bearing at the toppe divers small flowers set together as it were in a tuft or umbell of a gold yellow colour like in forme unto others as also in the downie heades the roote liveth long being composed of many small white stringes which shooteth forth and spreadeth it selfe also into many heads above ground which shoote forth branches rooting also in the ground as they lie The Place The first groweth in divers places about fields sides and the path wayes in dry grounds the second is of Candy the third of Spaine the fourth of Italy the fift in our owne Land as well as about Mompelier Naples and Spaine â—e sixt about Basil the last about Vienna in Austria The Time They doe all flower and flie away in the Sommer moneths The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 accipiter an Hawke Sic dictum volunt quod accipitres sibi hujus succo aciem oculâ—rum acuere dicunâ—r as divers other herbes tooke their names some from beasts as Elaphoboscum a Cerâ—o others from birds as Chelidonium ab Hirundine Perdicion a Perdice in Latine also Hieracium and of some Accipitrina and because they doe partake of Sow-thistles as well as of Succory I have placed them betweene them both the Italians call it Hâ—eracio the French L'herbe d'espervier the Germanes Hanks kraut the Dutch Havickscruiâ—de and we in English Hawkeweede and of some yellow Succory the first here set forth is the Hieracium majus of Matthiolus Fuchsius Dodonaeus Lobel and others the Taraxacon majus of Lonicerus Intubus secundus of Tragus as it is thought and Hieracium Sonchites or Sonchi folio of divers but of Lugdunensis Hieracium minus because he setteth forth the Chondrilla prior Dioscoridis for Hieracium magnum as I shewed you in the last Chapter save one the second Gâ—sner and Camerarius onely make mention of the one in hortis Germania the other in 〈◊〉 Medico by the name of Hieracium Creticum pro Endivia lucea missum and there sheweth why hee called it Creticum even because he found the like seede among Epithymum that came from Candy the third Bauhinus setteth forth by the name of Deus leonis latifolius arborescens saying it came to him out of Signor Contarinos of 〈◊〉 his garden by the â—ame of Hieracium Hispanicum and therefore I have so called it and placed it here and 〈…〉 the Dandelioâ—s as hee doth in his Pinax the fourth Lobel in his Dutch Herball and Icones calleth 〈…〉 floribus deâ—tis leonis bulbosi because being very like it yet differeth in the long roote the fift Bauhinus â—keth of two sorts calling them Hioracium dentis leonis folio hirsutie aspirum magis laciniatum and miâ— laciâ—atum but I thinke they are both one and therfore doe not distinguish them Columna calleth it Hieracâ—um â—letâ— saxatile montanum â—he sixt Bauhinus calleth Hieracium minus glabium and the last Clusius describeth for h◠〈◊〉 Hieâ— but the figure be setteth for it is much differing from the description there of but answereth well the description of the eleaventh and it may be was but the Printers faulâ— in transposing the letter I being set before the X that should have beene set after thereby making it XI when it is set IX The Vertues Hakeweede saith Dioscorides is cooling somewhat drying and binding and therefore is good for the heate of the stomacke and for inflammations and the hot fits of agues and gnawings of the stomacke the quantitie of a scruple of the dried juice saith Pliny taken in Posca Posset that is vinegar and water mixed purgeth the belly yet he saith in another place that a small quantitie bindeth the belly the said juyce taken in wine helpeth digestion discusseth winde and hindereth any crudities to abide in the stomacke it helpeth also the difficultie in making water the same likewise taken in wine helpeth the bitings of venemous Serpents and of the Phalangiâ— and the sting of the Scorpion if the herbe also be outwardly applied to the place and helpeth also all other poysons except that of Cerussa or those that hurt the bladders or that kill by strangling a scruple of the dried juyce given in wine and vinegar is profitable for those that have the dropsie the decoction of the herbe taken with hony digesteth thinne flegme in the chest or lungs and with Hyssope doth helpe the cough the decoction thereof and of wilde Succory made in wine and taken helpeth the wind collike and those that are melancholike or have hard spleenes it procureth rest and sleepe it hindereth venery and venereous dreames cooleth heates purgeth the stomacke encreaseth bloud and helpeth the diseases of the reines and bladder Outwardly applied it is singular good for all the defects and diseases of the eyes used with some womens milke it is also used with good successe in fretting or creeping ulcers especially in the beginning the greene herbe bruised and with a little salt applied to any place burnt with fire before blisters doe arise doth helpe them as also inflammations Saint Anthonies fire and all pushes and eruptions of heate and salt flegme the same applied with meale and faire water in manner of a pultis to any place affected with convulsions and the crampe or such as are out of joynt doth give helpe and ease The distilled water is of good use in many of the diseases aforesaid and the fare
by Tabermontanus Hieracium moâ—tanum angustifolium secundum the last is the first Hieracium latifolium of Clusius called by Camerarius Hieracium latifolium Pannonicum and as he saith by some Italians Costa or Herba Costa and by others Ingrassia di porci and by Tabermontanus Hieracium Phlomoides The Vertues There is no doubt but that these sort of Hawkeweedes are as effectuall as any of the former both their form and bitter taste expressing their qualities yet the last hath beene found by many in our Land to have a particular propertie but set downe by no other Author then Camerarius who saith concerning it that it is singular good for the Tissicke or consumuption of the Lungs to be taken either made into a Syrupe or Conserve or the powther of the dryed herbe taken with hony or as he saith they doe in Mysia put it into their Sallets broths and meates for the same purpose and is availeable for the plurisie also without any helpe of blood letting as it is affirmed by many credible persons CHAP. XXXVI Hieracia pratensia Medow Hawkeweedes Octavus ordo The eight ranke 1. Hieracium profunde sinuatum pubescens Medow Hawkeweede with deepe cut leaves THis Hawkeweede hath divers long and narrow leaves next the ground deepely cut in or torne on the edges and pointed at the ends with long footestalkes under them and covered with a soft downy hairinesse as all the plant else is the stalke is hollow round and three foote high having a few such like deepe cut leaves thereon and branched diversly whereon stand gold yellow flowers on severall long footestalkes which passe into downe like the rest the roote is blackish and wooddy 2. Hieracium pratense non sinuatum majus The greater uncut medow Hawkeweede The many and divers rough leaves that lye about the roote of this Hawkeweede upon the ground are of five inches long a peece and one and a halfe broad without any gash or dent on the edges being very greene and ending in a round point from among which riseth up one single straight and crested stalke about a cubit high wholly naked or destitute of leaves bearing at the toppe a number of small yellow flowers set close together as it were in a tuft every one upon a short footestalke which doe as the rest turne into downe and then into the wind the roote is small and blacke with divers long strings fastned thereto 3. Hieracium pratense non â—um minus The lesser uncut Medow Hawkeweede This other and lesser Hawkeweede hath many lesser leaves uncut next the ground of an inch and a halfe long and one bâ—de being almost round and rough the stalke that riseth from the middle of them standeth upright and is â—d bearing at the toppe a few such like flowers as the former turning into downe the roote is somewhat long and of a meane sise The Place These doe grow in the fields and medowes and by woodes sides that lie open to the Sunne The Time They flower and seede when the former doe The Names Bauhinus giveth the name of the first as it is in the title the second and third Thalius maketh his ninth and 〈◊〉 â—ubâ— calling them Intubus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 major and minor and Bauhinus Hieracium pratense non sinuatum majus and minus The Vertues These being Hawkeweedes as their face and outward forme sheweth them to be the vertues of the Hawkeweedes may be in some sort appropriated unto them CHAP. XXXVII Hieracia fruticosa Bushie Hawkeweedes Novus Ordo The ninth Ranke 1. Hieracium fruticosum latifolium glabrum Bushie Hawkeweede with smooth broad leaves THis first bushie Hawkeweede sendeth forth from a blackish fibrous roote some round straight hairie stalkes three foote high set here and there without any order with soft hairie or woolly leaves dented or as it were bearded about the edges foure or five inches long and one and a halfe broad of a darke greene colour and pointed at the ends the toppes of the stalkes runne into short sprayes bearing every one a small pale yellow flower â— â—ciâ— frâ—coâ— angustifolium majâ— The great bushie Hawkeweede with narrow leaves Heiracium â—orum Bauhini quod est Pulmonaria Gallorum Lobelij Bauhinus his more hairy Hawkeweede of the walls which is Lobels French Pulmonaria 2. Hieracium fruticosum folio subrotundo Round leafed bushie Hawkeweede The stalke hereof is about a cubit long straked round and somewhat rough divided at the toppes into sundry branches three or foure inches long a peece every one upholding a pale yellow flower the leaves that compasse the stalke at the lower end are somewhat round about an inch and a halfe broad yet ending in a little point dented about the edges and of a light greene colour somewhat hoarie 3. Hieracium fruticosum latifolium hirsutum Bushie Hawkeweede with rough broade leaves This broad leafed Hawkeweede hath divers broad and somewhat long hard rough darke greene leaves lying on the ground without any incismes or dents on the edges the stalke that riseth up among them is two or three foote high thicke set with such leaves but lesse unto the toppe where stand a few yellow flowers consisting of fewer leaves than in others being but of one row of leaves bordering a middle thrumine which turneth unto downe Varietas the roote is wholly composed of strings and small fibres which yeeldeth milke as most of the Hawkeweedes doe sometimes this is found to varie with lesse rough or rather with soft leaves and sometimes with broader and shorter 4. Hieracium fruticosum angustifolium majus The greater Bushie Hawkeweede with narrow leaves This other bushie Hawkeweede groweth very like the last 6. Hieracium mororum angustifolium Narrow leafed Hawkeweede of the walls but hath longer and narrower leaves somewhat rough and dented or waved about the edges the stalke is more branched at the toppe where the flowers are more and thicker of faire yellow leaves the roote is whitish very long and deepely spreading into the ground possessing a great deale of ground quickly for every little peece will grow being broken and not easie to be rid out againe 5. Hieracium fruticosum minus The lesser bushie Hawkeweede This lesser buskie Hawkeweede riseth up with a single single stalke halfe a yeard high set about with diver shorts and smooth leaves in some places and with almost round rough leaves in others dented about the edges bearing divers yellow flowers upon short footestalkes at the toppe like unto the last the roote is short and as it were bitten off without any fibres at it 6. Hieracium Murorum angustifolium Narrow leafed Hawkeweede of the walles From a thicke reddish roote riseth up a round rough stalke almost two foote high set with a few short and narrow leaves dispersed thereon at the toppe whereof stand many small yellow flowers as it were in a tuft or umbell close set together every one on a small long foote stalke the leaves that grow at the foote hereof and next to the ground
and exceeding bitter when it is fresh as the herbe being greene is also 3. Camelina sive Myagrum alterum amarum English Worme seede The English Wormeseede groweth very like the last with a taller upright stalke branching toward the top but thicker set with long and narrow greene leaves somewhat like unto those of the single Wall-flowers but smaller and of a whiter greene colour and very like unto the leaves of Clusius his Lâ—uconium sylvestre that it is often mistaken for it but that the leaves of this are somewhat smaller and not of so fresh a greene colour at the toppes of the stalkes and branches come forth many very small pale yellow flowers made of foure leaves a peece very like also unto those of that Leucoium but much smaller even more than halfe which afterwards give small long cods containing within them very pale coloured seede bitter in taste the roote is small and wooddy perishing every yeare after seede but rising againe of the shed seede 4. Myagrum foetidum Stinking gold of pleasure The stalkes of this Myagrum rise to be about two foote high being rough round and greene bearing rough pale greene leaves on them set here and there one above another being foure or five inches long and one and a halfe broad very lightly waved about the edges at the tops of the branched stalkes stand divers small pale yellow flowers upon long foote stalkes in a thicke tuft together where unto succeede small round huske containing small seede the leaves and flowers hereof not onely bruised but growing have somewhat a grievous or evill sent 5. Myagrum monospermon majus The greater one grained gold of pleasure The first leaves hereof that lie upon the ground are long and narrow round pointed and cut in on the edges like unto Succory leaves with a white line in the middle of every one and of a pale greene colour but those that 2. Myagrum sylvestre seu Pseudomyagrum Wilde gold of pleasure 3. Cameline sive Myagrum alterum amarum English Wormeseede 5. Myagrum monospermon majus The greater one-grained gold of pleasure 7. Myagro similis siliqua râ—tunda Round podded like Myagrum grow upon the whitish bending hard stalke which groweth to be a yard high or more spreading branches from the bottome are little or nothing waved about but compassing it at the joynts where they stand the toppes whereof are stored with small yellowish flowers on a long branch one above another after which come round hard and white heads small at the bottome and broader at the toppes with three corners and a small middle point sticking up in each whereof is contained but one seede which is long and reddish whereof it tooke the name the roote is white long and wooddy perishing after the seede is ripe 6. Myagrum monospermon minus The lesser one grained Myagrum This lesser Myagrum hath much smaller leaves the lowest whereof are two inches long and one broad waved about the edges standing upon foote stalkes and of a pale greene colour from whence rise one or two slender stalkes about a foote high with a few very narrow leaves set on them compassing them at the joynts the flowers are small and white standing at the toppes in a round tuft together where afterwards grow small round heade with one kernell apeece within them the roote is white and thready but perisheth in the like manner 7. Myagro similis siliqua rotunda Round podded like Myagrum The plant hath a stalke a cubit high hairy brittle and spread into branches whose bottome leaves are about sixe inches long and one and a halfe broad rough hairy and sappy not dented at all about the edges a little sharpe in â—â—ste with some clamminesse also but those that are set at the joynts of the branches and compasse them about are nothing so great and the higher they grow smaller and narrower the flowers stand spike fashion on small branches being small and of a white colour after which come small round rugged heads with a pricke at the toppe every one on a small long footestalke greene at the first and blacke when it is ripe with an oylie yellow kernell within them The Place The first groweth in some places of Italy wild but yet both they and we doe sow it in gardens for pleasure and in the fieldes for the seedes sake whereout is pressed an oyle that serveth the poore for meate and the rich for their Lampe the second is frequent in Germany most usually in all their flaxe grounds which being in stalke like it but not of that use is accounted a weede and cast away except of such as will save the seede to give to small birds whereon they will feede when it is ripe and growing upon the stalke most greedily the third groweth in many places of our owne country and being once brought into the garden and there suffered to shed the seede it will come up yearely againe of it selfe the fourth groweth in the sandy grounds about Balsill the fift on the Enganeâ— hills by Padoa the sixt not farre from Mompeliar and the last neare Lunella that is also hard by Mompelier The Time All these flower in the Summer moneths and their seeede is ripe about August The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Myagrum and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 also Melampyrum as Dioscorides saith and some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Myagrium Paulus Aeginaeta hath two sorts of plants of an oily substance 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod impurum aut sordidum significat cujusmodi est Melampyrum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod muscipulum sive muscarium significat qua insidentes sive praeter volantes muscas glutine suo implicat Some saith Matthiolus take the first sort here set downe to be the true MyagruÌ„ of Dioscorides which he saith it cannot be because this hath the leaves of Rocket but Dioscorides his should have the leaves of Madder Others againe as he saith would have the second sort to be it which he disaloweth also because the leaves are liker Woade than Madder and therefore calleth it Pseudomyagrum yet by the judgement of the best is the true one Some there be also that take them both to be but one plant but Bauhinus misliketh of their judgement because they are described to be so different both in leaves and flowers and therefore hee judgeth them to be two distinct plants as they are indeede Dodonaeus setteth downe this first Myagrum to be that plant which the Germans call Flachsdotteren and Leyndotteren which Tragus saith is proper to the second Dodonaeus also taketh this to be that kinde of graine which both Galen in primo de aliment facultat and Theophrastus lib. 8.1.3 c. call Erysinium which Gaza translateth Trionum and is like unto Sesamum as both he and Pliny say but not the Erysimum of Dioscorides although Pliny confoundeth them both together as you may reade here a little before in the Chapter of Erysimum
a sad reddish colour and single from the middle of them to the ends but yellowish from thence to the bottomes the ends of whose leaves are not blunt as in ours but stiffe rough and pointed within which horned leaves there are five other smaller and of a reddish colour also their points bending downewards having many small white threds in the middle â—ipt with yellow after which come five pointed or hoâ—ned seede vessels with blacke shining seede iâ— them the roote is long with many fibres thereat There also give you the figure of the ordinary one that you may see the difference Aquilegia flore pleno maculato diversorum colorum Double party coloured Columbines of sundry colours As I before said I shewed you all the varieties of colours that I then knew but since I have seene and have some other sorts as first a kinde of darke red which we call a deroy colour both single and double and a double with white stripes therein as is the party coloured blew and white then have wee a faire double red or crimson color striped in the same manner with white another spotted as well as striped very thickely and of a haire colour double and striped as the rest and another striped and sometimes spotted of a lived colour or betweene blacke and blew Besides the starre or Rose Columbines party coloured purple and white and red and white The Place and Time The first was brought out of Virginia by Master Tradescant and flowreth somewhat earlier then any of our Garden kindes usually by a moneth The Names I have shewed in my former Booke the sundry opinions of Writers hereon some referring it to one thing some to another of the ancients but Cornutus is definite upon the point that it was not knowne And to moove one Aquilegia vulgaris simplex The ordâ—nary single Columbine Aquilegia Virginiana flore rubescente The red Columbine of Virginia to thinke his sort that came from Canada which as I take it is the same with ours of Virginia howsoever he saith his scarse rise a palme high would by foulding the leaver containe Water in them and therefore would referre the name to Aquileges that Pliny mentioneth the pipes that convey water which containeth more conceit then verity The Vertues The leaves of Columbines are commonly used in lotions for sore mouthes and throates which effect it worketh by the drying and binding quality therein Tragus saith that a dramme of the seede taken in Wine with 〈◊〉 Saffron doth open the obstructions of the Liver and is good for the yellow jaundise and adviseth that the â—â—â—ties after the takâ—ng thereof should be laid to sweate well in their beds Clusius saith a Physitian i◠〈…〉 the seede for women that were in sore travell of childe birth to cause a speedie delivery being taâ—â—n 〈…〉 and a second draught to be taken if the first did not the effect Camerarius saith that diverse in Spaine did eaten peece of the roote for many daies together to helpe those that were troubled with the Stone in the reines and kidnies Others doe use the decoction both of herbe and roote in Wine putting thereto some Ambergâ—ise against these swounings that the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CHAP. XXI Hepatica nobilis sive trifolia Noble Liverwort or Hepatica ALthough I shewed you in my former Booke all the sorts of Hepatica that then I knew yet since Master Tradescant found one other sort as I take it growing in Virginia and brought it home with him which differeth somewhat from the other sort wee formerly had this bearing very darke greene leaves and a small white flower with a few white and not red threds in the middle but because I had some of the figures by me I thought good to exhibite them in this place Their Place Time Names and Vertues are expressed in my former Booke whereunto I referre you but as I here shew you there is little Physicall use made of them else I would willingly have enlarged the properties heâ—e these being more for pleasure to the senses then helpes for any disease Hepatica nobilis sive trifolia simplex The oâ—dinary single Hepatica or Liverwort Hepatica nobilis sive trifolia flore pleno Double Hepatica or Liverwort CHAP. XXII Chrysanthemum Buphthalmum Corne Marigolds and Oxe eye THere are sundry sorts of these Golds or Corne Marigolds to be entreated of here some whereof grow plentifully enough in our Cornefields others being strangers we have received from beyond Sea and some I have set forth in my former Booke whereof I thinke good to give you the figures of some of them and therewith of our garden Marigolds and referre your to the Booke and for the neere affinity betweene these and the Buphthalmum I thinke it not amisse to joyne them here also 1. Chrysanthemum segetum nostras The Corne Marigold of our owne Country This Corne Marigold hath sundry tender pale greene herby stalkes breaking forth into some few branches with divers long blewish greene leaves set without order on them being narrow at the bottome and broader at the end cut in a little on both edges the flowers grow singly at the toppe of every branch being large growing out of greene scaly heads and of a shining yellow colour both the thrumme and the border of leaves about it each leafe being broad or flat pointed and cut into three or foure parts smelling a little sweete the roote perisheth every yeare and riseth from it owne sowing Matthiolus hath set forth one of this sort with leaves jagged like Feverfew The chiefest difference in this from the former consisteth in the leaves Bellidfolio which are whole small long and round pointed like those of the Daysies 2. Chrysanthemum segetum Baeticum Spanish Corne Marigold The stalkes hereof are harder and browner then of the former and stand more upright the leaves are greener and not so much divided or cut in on the edges the flowers are not of so shining a yellow colour but somewhat deeper yellow the seede is small and whitish and is bitter as the former is although the herbe is sweete and eateâ— as a Sallet herbe and herein consisteth the chiefest difference 3. Chrysanthemum tenuifolium Baeticum Boelij Boel his Spanish Marigold In the leaves chiefly consisteth the greatest difference betweene this and the last for this hath sad greene leaves very much jagged and cut into very small and fine parts almost as small as Camomill the flowers are yellow and so like that but for the leaves they could hardly be distinguished 4. Chrysanthemum Vaâ—entinum Clusij Clusius his Spanish Marigold Clusius his Chrysanthemum of Valentia in Spaine riseth up usually but with one stalke of a foote high parted into some branches beset without order with finer leaves then the last but of a hoary colour the flowers stand singly like the rest and of a shining gold yellow colour but unlike in this that this hath no border of leaves at all about the
middle head but is bare and naked 5. Chrysanthemum Hispanicum primum Clusij The first Mountaine Corne Marigold of Clusius This hath many long leaves next the ground resembling those of the white Wormewood in the forme and Chrysanthemum Croticum Candy Corne Marigold Calendula multiplex prolifera Double Marigolds and Iacke anapes on horse backe 1. Chrysanthemum segetum nostras Corne Marigold of our owne Country 4. Chrysanthemum Valentinum Clusij Clusius his Spanish Corne Marigold 5 6. Chrysanthemum Alpinum primum secundum Clusij The first and second Mountaine Corne Marigold of Clusius 10. Buphthalmum Matthioli sive vulgare Millefolij folijs The more vulgar Oxe eye divisions the stalke is a spanne high set with finer cut leaves and at the toppe many yellow flowers set together like unto those of Raggewort the roote hath many white fibres 6. Chrysanthemum Alpinum secundum Clusij Clusius his second Mountaine Corne Marigold The leaves of this sort is much more finely cut most like unto those of Southernwood of a pale greene colour and of no unpleasant savour but somewhat bitter in taste the stalkes are divided into some branches bearing each of them one or two flowers greater then Camomill flowers and without sent of a yellow colour wholly both the middle and the border the roote hath blackish fibres 7. Chrysanthemum tertim ejusdem His third Corne Marigold Differeth little from the second in the leaves being as fine cut but are longer thicker and greater and the flowers grow more together and lesser then the former and the roote hath white fibres 8. Chrysanthemum Hispanicum rotundioribus folijs Spanish round leafed Golds. The greatest difference in this from the others consisteth in the leaves which are not divided at all but are long and broad somewhat round pointed and onely dented about the edges the flowers are greater that grow on the top of the branches and stalke of a shining yellow colour both border and middle thrum the roote is wooddy having many strings thereat 9. Chrysanthemum latifolium Brasilianum Sweete Corne Marigold of Brassill This sweete Marigold springeth up with a stalke about halfe a yard high somewhat rough and crested having sundry leaves set thereon of foure or five inches long and two broad compassing it at the bottome and growing smaller to the end somewhat dented about the edges with sharpe dents from the bosome of whom come forth somewhat long footestalkes sustaining each of them a faire yellow flower set in a greene huske or cup having seven or eight leaves for a border dented at the ends and compassing a middle thrumme consisting of long threds wherein afterwards lyeth the seede very like unto the former Spanish kinde the roote perisheth yearely in like manner the herbe is so sweete that the Slugges and Snailes doe eate it above many other herbes in the Garden 10. Buphthalmum Matthioli sive vulgare Millefolij folijs The more vulgar Oxe eye The more common Buphthalmum with us hath sundry faire greene leaves divided very much into sundry other leaves somewhat resembling common Yarrow and so taken to be by diverse that looke but superficially thereon but heedfully marked differeth plainely from it the divisions not being so thicke or small the stalkes and branches stand not up so strongly as Yarrow and at the toppes of them beare but single flowers lesser then the Corne Marigold but wholly of a deepe yellow and not shining the seede followeth in the thrumme the roote is fibrous and perisheth yearely or abiding the second yeare after the first sowing which the Yarrow doth not 11. Buphthalmum alterum Cotulae folio Camomill-like Oxe eye The weake sappy greene bending stalkes hereof grow two foote long sometimes with fine Camomill-like leaves set dispersedly thereon and the branches every of which beare a flower like unto the former Oxe eye but the leaves hereof are somewhat larger and fewer and yellow the middle thrumme being of a deeper colour and somewhat hollow 12. Buphthalmum flore purpurascente Oxe eye with purplish flowers This Oxe eye with purplish flowers differeth not much from the last in the manner of growing or forme of leaves and flowers but herein chiefly that the backe of the leaves of the flowers are either wholly purplish or else 11. Buphthalmum alterum Cotulae folio Camomill-like Oxe eye 12. Buphthalmum flore purpurascente Oxe eye with purplish flowers 13. Buphthalmum peregrinum Alpino Shrubby Oxe eye 14. Buphthalmum Africum tenuifolium Boelij Thin leafed Oxe eye of Barbary purplish in the middle the stalke also which in the other is greene is more reddish in this 13. Buphthalmum peregrinum Alpino Shrubby Oxe eye This strange Oxe eye riseth up with divers streight round slender darke greene stalkes three cubits high branching forth into divers parts whereon are many small fresh greene leaves much divided and somewhat like to those of Fennell the flowers are twice as large as those of Camomill and wholly of a shining gold yellow colour set in greene heads or huskes wherein afterwards the small long white seede is contained the roote is long slender and blackish abiding fresh and not perishing after seede time Alpinus misliketh that of Matthiolus because the leaves were not like Fennell nor the flowers bigger then Camomill 14. Buphthalmum Africanum tenuifolium Boelij Thin leafed Oxe eye of Barbary Although Alpinus supposed that he had set forth the truest Oxe eye of Dioscorides yet as you may see both by the figure and description of this I here give His is in some things defective and this in my opinion is the neerest in all things thereunto it riseth up with one slender stalke with divers long thinne leaves diversly parted comming neerer unto Fennell then any before bearing a large yellow flower at the toppe where it brancheth forth and beareth leaves and flowers on them likewise the roote is full of strings and perisheth after seede time The Place and Time The Corne Marigolds grow for the most part in the Corne fields and about the borders of them or where Corne hath beene sowne formerly either in our owne land or in others as by their titles are to be knowne The Oxe eyes generally grow in the moister grounds by water courses and the like in other Countries but in Gardens onely with us where they are sowne and carefully kept and doe flower in the end of Summer The Names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke is Chrysanthemum in Latine ab aureo floris colore sic dictum there is much controversie among divers concerning Dioscorides his Chrysanthemum which he saith some called also Buphthalmum because whatsoever he had said of Chrysanthemum he said the same in the Chapter of Buphthalmum thereby suspecting the Chapter of Chrysanthemum to be thrust into the worke of Dioscorides by some others and they are the more enduced hereunto because neither Pliny Galen nor Aegineta make any mention of Chrysanthemum but of Buphthalmum onely as though they knew no other