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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05312	An herbal for the Bible Containing a plaine and familiar exposition of such similitudes, parables, and metaphors, both in the olde Testament and the newe, as are borrowed and taken from herbs, plants, trees, fruits and simples, by obseruation of their vertues, qualities, natures, properties, operations, and effects: and by the holie prophets, sacred writers, Christ himselfe, and his blessed Apostles vsually alledged, and into their heauenly oracles, for the better beautifieng and plainer opening of the same, profitably inserted. Drawen into English by Thomas Newton.; Herbarum atque arborum quæ in Bibliis passim obviæ sunt. English	Lemnius, Levinus, 1505-1568.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607.	1587 (1587)	STC 15454; ESTC S108475	134,297	304

of great height doe many times oppresse and hinder the growth and encrease of low shrubs growing vnder them euen as we see the great rich and mightie men of the world do keepe vnder awe and subiection the poore and needie Againe as Tempests when they arise and lightening when it pleaseth God to send either the one or the other quicklie and with a tryce hurleth downe and ouerturneth mountains and the highest trees according to that saieng of the Psalmist The voice of the Lord breaketh the Cedar trees c euen so doth he bring downe with a breakenecke fall the proude hauty arrogant and insolent which set themselues against God and seeke the spoyle of those that be quiet and godly To the same effect also is that saieng of the Prophet Isaiah The day of the Lord of hostes is vpon all the proude and hautie and vpon all that is exalted and he shall be brought low And vpon all high and stout Cedar trees of Libanus that are high and exalted and vpon all the Okes of Basan Whereby he declareth that God is able easily to bring downe and ouerthrowe all Fortresses Bulwarkes and Castles be they neuer so strong and all the wealth riches and power of the stately and loftie minded and that nothing is any way able to withstande his force and might when it pleaseth him to strike To the same purpose and effect doth Zacharie likewise aduise the people not rashly and vainly to put their trust in any walled townes or helpe of man bicause no strength seeme it neuer so impregnable and inuincible can protect or deliuer out of the hand of the Lord. These wofull words therefore vseth he vnto Israel denouncing vnto them as an Herault at Armes sent from God to sommon them grieuous destruction and lamentable desolation Open saith he thy doores O Lebanon and the fire shall deuoure thy Cedars Howle ye Fir trees by the which he meaneth the inferiour Magistrates bicause the Cedar is fallen that is bicause thy chiefe Rulers and soueraigne Gouernors be destroied Howle O ye Okes of Basan that is yee stiffe-necked froward and intractable persons bicause the mightie defenced forest is cut downe The like dismall day doth he there likewise threaten to the Shepheards which being puffed vp with pride in themselues little cared for the welfare of the poore flock but raigned as Lords ouer them practising rigor tyrannie crueltie and austeritie as Lions vpon them Which miserable abuse Ezechiel in his time doth also greatly bewaile The 23. Chapter Of Heath Tamariske Ling and Broome HEath or Tamariske is a little small Tree or Plant of lowe growth as Virgil well noted bearing a rugged or rough leafe not much vnlike to Sauine and a flower of a browne purple color withall somwhat mossie or woollie Bees delight very much therein The grounde where it commonly groweth is drie hungrie barren waste and vnfruitfull From these doe the Prophets in manie places alledge sundrie Similitudes whensoeuer they denounce and notifie vnto men what heauie haps afflictions and calamities shall befall them As namely Ieremiah Cursed be the man that trusteth in man and maketh flesh his arme and withdraweth his hart from the Lord. In which words he pronounceth that man accursed whosoeuer he be that reposeth his confidence and trust in any bodily earthly and fraile thing whatsoeuer it be or that in his distresse and danger seeketh helpe and succour at the hands of any sauing of God alone For he that so doth shall be like the Heath which receiueth no benefite by the temperate and milde disposition of the aire but cumberously occupieth the soile and for a small time continueth growing no where else but in barren hungrie drie salt parched rugged and vnfertile grounds But blessed and happie is the man that putteth his trust in the Lord for he shall be like a tree that is planted by the water side which being continually watered spreadeth out hir rootes and boughes and shal not feele when the heate commeth but hir leafe shall be still greene and shall not care for the yeere of drought neither shall cease from yeelding fruit Againe where God threateneth ruine destruction spoile and desolation to hang ouer the heads of the Moabites who lineally descending from the Iewes namely from Lot the brother of Abraham were still notwithstanding their professed enimies hee biddeth them to Flee and saue their liues and to be like the Heath in the wildernes Whereby he aduiseth them with speede to withdrawe themselues out of their Holds and by hastie flight to prouide for the safetie of their liues bicause their Cities shoulde shortly bee destroied ransacked and desolated and their people and citizens spoiled and depriued of all honor dignitie and estimation so that they should no more be accounted of or regarded than the base Ling and baggage Heath in the wildernes The 24. Chapter Of Rosen in generall ROsen is all that Oylie fatnesse and gummie substance which with the heate of the Sun runneth out of the Pyne tree Pitch tree Firre Larch Lentiske and Terebinth With vs also heere in these Countries there issueth and sweateth out of the Cherie tree and Damson tree a rosen or gum of the colour of honie which is verie good against the grauel and stone The white Popler also yeeldeth a certaine gummy iuice or liquor like Ambre out at the clifts of the rinde But of all others the Terebinth rosen which wee call Turpentine is the chiefest next wherevnto is the rosen of the Lentiske which we tearme Masticke After it in goodnes is the Pine the Firre and the Pitch Rosen next The worst and last be those that run out of the wild Pine and out of the roote of Scammonie which are tearmed Stroblina and Colophonia And there be of Rosen as there is likewise of pitch two differences or sorts the one liquide and currant the other drie and cleere The vertue effect both of the one of the other is to asswage paine to lenifie greefes to binde and close vp woundes specially the Turpentine that runneth out of the Terebinth whose operations and effects the prophet Ieremiah metaphorically applieth to the inwarde woundes of the minde which with the soueraigne emplaister and liniment of the word of God be recured and healed Thus therefore doth he expostulate with the Israelites Is there no Rosen or Balme in Gilead Is there no Physition there Why then is not the health of the daughter of my people recouered As though he shoulde saie There is a soueraigne salue to be had and a present remedie is readily prepared able to heale the wounded minde and brused conscience but the daughter of my people carelesse of hir recouerie and forgetfull of hir saluation and health refuseth to apply the same remedies vnto hir filthy stinking mattery wounds she passeth not a whit for the wholsome Cataplasmes and suppling salues of the worde of God she discouereth not hir botches boiles

if they should be corpulent or fat they should be accounted great Roils or championlike Fustiluggesses Chaerea therefore bearing great affection to his Darling whose face was beautiful whose complexion and colour was true and naturall not painted nor with slib bersauces procured whose bodie was sound wholesome and full of good blood and being also in the very prime of flourishing age commenteth hir aboue others which being nothing so handsome and faire do deuise to amend nature by Art and Diet. And as heere with vs there groweth abundance of Rushes Reedes Typh Cats taile Water torch so in the bogs of Aegypt neere the riuer Nilus there groweth a kinde of big Rush called Papyrus whereof in the old time they made Paper as they doe now in Europe of linnen cloutes chopped small and stieped in water which for that it serueth to the same vse purpose and commoditie that the Paper in the olde time did retaineth still the same name This Paper rush is eight or ten cubits high as the Reede is in Spaine iointed and triangled and as thicke and big as a man can well gripe in his fist When they be drie they are good to make sine smooth walking staues of a darke browne colour like the vtter rinde of a Chestnut which aged Gentlemen delight much to haue for staie of their weake and feeble bodies The pith of this Rush yeeldeth foorth a kinde of sweetish and toothsome licour like as doth the white roote of our Reede Of this big Paper Rush they vsed in the old time to make boates punts lighters and other engins of carriage being pitched ●●st togither as not onely Plinie but the holie Prophet of God Isaiah also testifieth who threateneth the land which is beyond the riuers of Aethiopia that is the borderers vpon Nilus bicause they sent Ambassadours by the Sea in vessels of Reedes or Rushes to make league and ioine togither in confederacie with other nations for the ouerthrow and conquest of the Israelites But to go on with our purposed Argument In the Bible there be taken from these aboue named shutes and Rushes sundry proper Similitudes and fit Metaphores As when the holie man Iob discoursed with the Nobles and Gentlemen that came for curtesie to visite him and to bewaile with him his sore and greeuous calamity where there were among them many notable points to and fro canuassed argued and disputed of the frailtie and miserie of mans life of the prouidence and great goodnes of God towards man of afflictions troubles griefes and vexations which are common aswell to the good as to the bad of prosperitie and worldly welfare which the bad and wicked as well as the good and godly do enioy one of the companie named Bildad the Shuhite brought certaine strong and waightie argumentes grounded vppon naturall reasons whereby he went about to prooue that wicked godlesse infamous persons slanderers and Hypocrites which dissemble with God and thinke to please him with their counterfait mawmetrie cannot long continue and that although for a time they seem to florish yet by Gods iust iudgement they quicklie wither away and are brought to nothing euen as Rushes Sedge grasse or greene herbes being not moistened with water For the wicked when they are assailed with dangers afflictions and calamities a little afore their death are greeuously troubled in their inward consciences for that they are not vpholden with an assured trust and comfort in the mercies of God whereby they are lamentably tumbled headlong into plain distrust and desperation Not vnlike vnto this is the Prophecie of Isaiah against the Aegyptians whom he pronounceth shoulde be greeuously distressed and brought to extreeme penurie and that all such trades wherein their chiefe commodities consisted shoulde faile and be taken from them as namely their traffike fishing other handy crafts which brought vnto them large gaine and profit The waters saith he of the Sea shall faile and the riuers shall be dried vp and wasted and the riuers shall go far away and the riuers of defence shall be emptied and dried vp the reedes and the rushes shall wither and all the greene grasse about the riuer banke shall perish In which words he foretelleth of a maruelous great barrennes scarcitie dearth and sterilitie that should light among them that they shoulde haue among them no store of fishermen no traffique nor entercourse of merchandise nor any resort of chapmen and buiers God likeneth the prosperous successe of the godlie with their vertuous proceeding and going forward in the race of grace and goodnes sometimes vnto fresh springing waters and pleasant running riuers sometimes to greene herbes and flourishing flowers and sometimes to gallant medowes and delightfull Arbors And the Prophet Isaiah promiseth fruitefulnes and fertilitie to the barren vnfruitful and drie fields saieng that they shoulde be watred with most holesome liuely springing waters be adorned with store of most faire flowers and beautifull Herbes Wherby he meaneth that the drie and hungrie soules of the people shoulde be moystened with the fruitfull worde of God and plentifullie bedewed with his holesome doctrine and heauenly spirit His words be these The desert and the wildernes shall reioice and the waste grounde shall be glad and flourish as the Lillie The drie ground shall be as a poole and the thirstie as springs of water in the habitation of dragons where they lay shall be a place for reedes and rushes As if he should haue saide in steede of vglie vices and monstruous enormities there shall appeere vertue and godlines and there shall be sowed and planted in mens harts the seedes of Loue and charitie both towardes God and man there shall be setled in their mindes and consciences an vndoubted hope and assured trust of their saluation So that they which afore were as barren yeelding foorth no fruite shall nowe being watered and moistened with the liuely fountaine of Gods worde and inuinciblie strengthened with the strong staffe of firme faith begin to fructifie like a well manured field that yeeldeth foorth aboundant store of ranke corne and gallant Herbes The 17. Chapter Of Woormewood THere be three sorts of Wormwood The first is called Wormwoode Romane or Ponticum which is planted in Gardens and hath somewhat a pleasaunt smell The seconde is Sea Wormewoode growing in Salt water creeks and Sea shores The third is our common Woormewood being exceeding bitter in taste and is a most soueraigne and present remedie against woorms But being remooued into Gardens it maruellously altereth both in nature taste sauor smel yea in the colour of his leaues also For of grayish ashe colour it becommeth greene yeelding smell neither loathsome nor altogither vnpleasant From this most bitter herbe the sacred writers doe in many places fetch sundrie Similitudes which they most fitlie applie against the wicked So when as God by his Prophet Ieremiah threateneth and denounceth dolefull heauy and bitter calamities to the stubborne disobedient and wicked

thereof both to man and beast right necessarie and profitable In time of dearth and scarcitie of Wheate and Rie the poore people grind the same to make bread This Barlie being hulled and cleansed from the rinde and then beaten broken and sodden maketh the noble drinke called Ptis●●a which is most soueraigne to quench hot burning Choler in vehement Feuers and to helpe the corruption and oppilation of the Lungs and hoarsenesse in the vocall Arterie with shortnes of wind specially if those parts be exasperated or exulcerated with superfluitie of salt Phlegme or yellow Choler putting into it a quantitie of the flowers of Violets or Buglosse Heerewith also being made into Mault is made that most noble necessarie and delicate licour called Beere of such colour as the Brewer is disposed to giue vnto it as namely yellow Saffronlike reddish browne or such like specially when the yest or barme which they vse also to make their bread withall is setled downe to the bottome For then commeth it to his kindly colour and is to looke vpon very gallant and pleasant much like to Maluesey or Bastarde and relisheth not altogither vnlike to Wine and being immoderately taken causeth droonkennes as well and as soone as Wine doth Wheate the noblest graine and of chiefest account to make bread withall is of sundrie sorts as manchet cheate cribble biscoct houshold and brannie with other sorts needelesse to be rehearsed Mill or Millet is of sundrie sorts as Asian Indian Spanish and Turkish which beareth a red brownish or yellowish graine wherwith some poore people haue learned to make bread and broth Fitches be a kind of Pulse and are good prouender for Horses and Cattel as Lentils Pease and Beanes be Thus much haue I thought not amisse heere by the way to note to the intent the mind and purpose of the Prophet might exactly and plainly be found out whose onely drift is in this place to shew that God doth nothing rashly vnaduisedly disorderly confusedly by chance or at randon but in all his actions dealeth most wisely orderly aduisedly deliberately and both by law and reason one while sending punishments and plagues to represse mens inordinate lusts and outragious behauiours and another while curing their wounds healing their sores suppling their grieues comforting their distressed minds and relieuing their afflicted Consciences Which thing he somewhile hasteneth to put in execution and practise somewhile lingereth ere hee take the matter in hand and somewhile shewing foorth his mightie power both waies vpon the sudden euen as it seemeth good in his eies and as he seeth it expedient when occasion serueth Wherefore the Prophet admonisheth all those that thinke otherwise than reuerently and dutifully of the iudgements of God speedily to reforme their opinions carefully to circumcise their affections awfully to regard his holie word religiously to thinke of his sacred Maiestie and diuine Prouidence highly to extoll his name reuerently to speake and dutifully to thinke of him and neither to murmur repine mutter or accuse him in his dealings when as they see the wicked to flaunt and flourish in all prosperitie and to enioy abundance of all things to their harts desire whereas in the meane while the godlie be throwen into miseries afflicted with cares pinched with paines oppressed with wrongs and ech way laid open to calamities vexations and troubles of the world For the Lord by his heauenly wisedome and vnsearchable counsell doth gouerne and rule the world and al things therin iustly wisely and rightly For the better beautifieng and garnishing of his matter in this behalfe the Prophet vseth a very fit Similitude borowed from the industrious toile of husbandmen and from the manner order and trade of plowing sowing and thrashing For the husbandmau at certaine seasons of the yeere fallowing and turning vp his land casteth his seede into the furrowes thereof in due proportion and measure according to the nature of the soile qualitie of the ground sowing in one place Wheate or Barlie and in another Gith Lupines Spelt Millet or some such kinde of Pulse Neither doth he rashly and harebrainedly shuffle all maner of seedes togither and so desperately and fondly cast the same on the ground but aduisedly and discreetely pondereth with himselfe what place and soile is fittest for each seuerall graine The sowing time being past he thinketh not himself discharged of care neither giues he himselfe to ease and idlenes but longinglie hopeth for his Haruest and many a time wisheth for the time wherein he may reape his laboured crop and in the meane while ere the corne be ripe he weedeth it and setteth his seruants to worke to plucke vp the Darnel Thistels and other noisom baggage that would otherwise choke the Corne. After he hath inned and brought it into his Barnes he sitteth not still neither giueth he himselfe to ease but as one worke endeth so beginneth he an other and the ende of one labour is the entrance into an other For then goeth he about to thrash fanne and winnow it and that so carefully that he will not confusedly iumble and mingle one seed with an other but make cleane the same in order and euery kinde by it selfe as to the nature thereof appertaineth As namelie in one sort dealeth hee with small and slender seedes in an other sort with them that bee great and big and in an other with Wheat Barley Rie Otes Amilcorne Lupines Beanes Fitches Lentils Cumin Gith c. As a painefull and carefull Husbandman therefore looketh diligently to all points of his busines and bestoweth his industry and labour in ech respect as the time and season affoordeth and as the nature and qualitie of ech Graine requireth in hope thereby to receiue a good encrease and plentifull crop Euen so God trieth ech way to drawe and bring all men of all sorts and condition in this Theatre of the world to acknowledgement of their duties desire of their saluation And as an Husbandman after he hath plowed vp his land and sowed it doth afterwarde harrow it and breake the harde clods thereof as he I say soweth reapeth thrasheth fanneth and searceth the chaffe from the Corne as he cutteth pruneth and loppeth his trees and keepeth them vnder least they shoulde growe rugged or spread their boughes to far out of course and order and finallie as he graffeth planteth and teacheth his yoong Siences to be naturalized in another stocke than their own So likewise doth God deale with men in this world punishing and afflicting some with losses hinderances and other tokens of his hidden iudgement for the better trial of their patience and constancie Some though euill and wicked persons he tollerateth spareth and as it were winketh at in hope of their conuersion and amendment Neither may any man be so hardie as once to mutter or murmure for the same against him sith by his prouidence he wisely dispenseth and gouerneth all things and best knoweth why and for what reason he doth this or

for their extreeme ingratitude towards him greeuously threateneth them vnder the name of a Vineyard for that after such a deale of carefull Husbandrie bestowed on it in steed of sauerie grapes it brought foorth wilde grapes Now therefore saith he I will tell you what I will do to my Vineyarde I will take away the hedge thereof and it shall be eaten vp I will breake the wall thereof and it shal be troden downe and I will lay it waste it shall not be cut nor digged but Briers and Thornes shall growe vp in it By which figuratiue speech he sheweth that he hath bestowed all the labor and diligence that possiblie coulde be for the behoofe and benefite of the Israelites and for the training and instructing of them in the way of godlines with sound holesome and heauenly doctrine and that he omitted nothing which was expedient and needfull for their direction But all in vaine for all trauell labor industry and diligence employed about them was lost and to no purpose Wherefore he vpbraied them with wilfull contempt of their owne aduancement and for the carelesse regarde which they had of their owne saluation And now he therefore heere protesteth that he maketh none other account of them than of persons desperate and forlorne and that for their stubborne refusall of mercie and grace offered vnto them they shoulde runne headlong into all shame and wickednes into vile lustes and filthie affections into dissolute life and lewde maners insomuch that their minds being thus wofully pestered and possessed with beastly vices and no whit garnished with vertues and goodnes shoulde lie like a rugged vntilled and vnmanured fielde which bringeth foorth nothing but weedes and hurtfull herbes Againe in another place he threatneth to plague them with barrennes dearth scarcitie want of Corne and yeerely increase of fruits insomuch that the land should remain as vnder a curse bringing forth nothing but Briers and Thornes So that in what place soeuer there were a thousande Vines woorth a thousandpeeces of siluer they should be turned into Briers and Thornes and all the grounde in the lande should not be able to beare sufficient corne and competent foode to releeue the hungrie necessitie of the sterueling Inhabitants And afterwards in the 34. Chapter he denounceth far more dreadfull and horrible plagues against the Idumaeans that is to say the enimies of God and his Church The riuers thereof shall be turned into Pitch and the ground thereof into Brimstone and the lande therof shall be burning Pitch which shall not be quenched night nor day the smoke thereof shall goe vp euermore it shall be desolate from generation to generation none shall passe through it for euer But the Pellicane and the Hedgehog shall possesse it and the great Owle and the Rauen shall dwell in it being Fowles and creatures that loue not the companie or sight of man The Nobles thereof shall call to the kingdome and there shall be ●one and all the Princes therof shall be as nothing that is there shall be no forme of a common wealth no state no order no policie no honor nor dignitie of a Prince no maiesty of a kingdome no gouernment no Counsellers no Peeres but a disordered confusion and minglemangle of the nobility and communaltie togither and a meere ouerthrowe of all law and equitie Moreouer to aggrauate this their miserable plight and wofull condition the palaces of their kings and princes shall be throwne downe and made euen with the ground and all their sumptuous buildings and gorgeous houses vtterly ruinated and being abandoned of any inhabitant shall be nothing else than caues and dennes for wilde beasts and rauenous birdes For thus doth the Prophet both in this and also in other places heape vp the miserable desolation of the Countrie There shall growe in the places thereof thornes and nettles and thistles in the strong Holds thereof as commonly we see in ruinous palaces and castels thrown downe and despoiled by the rage of warre And it shall be an habitation for Dragons and a court for Ostriches there shall walke wicked spirits and Goblins the Satyres and Shrichowles there shall the Hag lodge and there shall the Owle make hir nest and lay and hatch there also shall the Vultures and Kites be gathered togither euerie one with hir Make. By this beadroll and reh●… he setteth downe before the eies an horrible kinde of desolation and a dreadfull pu●…ture of extreme waste the very sight or he● ring whereof driueth a shiuering horror into any mans minde and pearceth it deepely with a quaking and trembling dread to consider how that in a late most flourishing Realme and renowmed Countrie there should be such an alteration and such a state of al things turned vpside downe that there should be no more resort of Merchants and Traffikers no concourse of people no bartering no marting no buieng and selling no chopping and changing but onely a sight of vglie monsters prodigious creatures and rauenous wilde beasts the very sight whereof would affright the stoutest man that liueth Into these deformed monsters and vglie creatures do Diuels and wicked Spirits manie times transforme themselues and assuming their shapes doe with many delusions and apparitions terrifie and affright fearfull and weake people specially those that are not sufficiently strengthened furnished and armed with the knowledge of God and the power of his word Such monsterous obiects and strange apparitions do such persons in their imagination and conceit thinke themselues to see which be Melancholike Frentike Lunatike Doting Droonken Agewy or those that are inwardly tormented in their conscience with remorse of their horrible sinnes and bloodie offences For such persons haue their minds greeuously disquieted with sundrie absurde visions and fantasticall apparitions by reason of the distemperance of their braine and stuffing of their spirit animall with abundance of grosse humors and thicke vapors whereby the head being out of course reason iudgement and memorie is likewise out of frame and pestered with sundrie idle and vaine imaginations of such things as they meete withall or thinke vpon The 19. Chapter Of the Fig tree and of the Fig. THe Fig tree beareth two sorts of fruit the one which groweth till it be ful ripe and then being taken from the tree is dried and put into Frailes the other bee the primitiue and greene Figs which either arriue not at all to ripenes or at least way bee very late ripe For when as other trees doe burgen and bloome the Fig tree shewing foorth no blossoms or flowers at all bringeth foorth the greene Fig. From this tree and his fruit be taken in the Scriptures manie and the same 〈◊〉 proper Similitudes and excellent examples When Christ foretolde to the Iewes the greeuous calamities and lamentable destruction of Ierusalem he stirred vp them and vs all to watchfulnes and heedful vigilancie by many examples least that day of the Lorde shall come vpon them vnawares and the Similitude which