they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n they_o sit_v common_o kneedeep_o in_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o some_o river_n or_o other_o place_n where_o they_o have_v good_a store_n of_o water_n before_o they_o with_o a_o trey_n or_o little_a bowl_n in_o their_o hand_n cut_v slope_v on_o either_o side_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n deep_a and_o round_o like_o the_o bottom_n of_o a_o barber_n basin_n have_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o the_o sand_n which_o they_o be_v to_o wash_v continual_o stand_v by_o they_o &_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o they_o by_o some_o other_o body_n appoint_v to_o serve_v they_o of_o this_o sand_n they_o take_v what_o quantity_n they_o think_v fit_a and_o wash_v it_o in_o their_o trey_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o the_o sand_n and_o sandy_a earth_n easy_o wash_v away_o together_o with_o the_o water_n and_o the_o gold_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o heaviness_n and_o weight_n natural_o sink_v down_o and_o slip_n into_o the_o deep_a bottom_n or_o bowl_n of_o the_o trey_n which_o when_o they_o have_v do_v they_o deliver_v it_o likewise_o to_o other_o that_o stand_v there_o to_o receive_v it_o and_o take_v in_o more_o sand_n so_o that_o to_o every_o trey_n or_o washer_n of_o gold_n there_o be_v three_o or_o four_o person_n at_o least_o appoint_v to_o attend_v viz._n one_o to_o bring_v the_o sand_n from_o the_o river_n to_o the_o washer_n another_o to_o receive_v the_o gold_n when_o it_o be_v wash_v one_o to_o oversee_v the_o work_n and_o another_o to_o provide_v victual_n and_o necessary_n for_o they_o all_o for_o they_o stir_v not_o from_o morning_n till_o night_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o work_v and_o thus_o you_o shall_v see_v hundred_o of_o people_n wash_v and_o search_v for_o gold_n all_o along_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n this_o be_v general_o the_o way_n of_o gather_v of_o gold_n as_o for_o their_o manner_n of_o refine_n it_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o that_o and_o the_o refine_n of_o silver_n all_o under_o one_o 4._o silver_n they_o find_v either_o in_o vein_n straggle_v as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o fix_v the_o first_o be_v when_o they_o find_v some_o piece_n or_o a_o few_o small_a piece_n of_o that_o metal_n alone_o which_o when_o they_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n or_o stone_n there_o be_v no_o more_o of_o it_o to_o be_v find_v the_o other_o be_v when_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o metal_n run_v out_o and_o spread_v itself_o up_o and_o down_o the_o mine_n in_o breadth_n and_o length_n upward_o downward_o and_o every_o way_n like_o the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n with_o arm_n bough_n and_o branch_n for_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o do_v and_o the_o mineralist_n do_v common_o represent_v the_o mine_n of_o these_o metal_n especial_o of_o silver_n by_o the_o type_n of_o a_o tree_n plant_v within_o the_o bowel_n or_o middle_a part_n of_o some_o great_a mountain_n with_o its_o root_n spread_v large_o downward_o and_o with_o its_o bough_n and_o branch_n reach_v as_o far_o upward_o even_o to_o the_o top_n 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be_v a_o general_a rule_n to_o discover_v and_o find_v the_o mine_n but_o not_o universal_a for_o sometime_o they_o venture_v to_o dig_v and_o fall_v upon_o very_o good_a mine_n without_o any_o such_o special_a sign_n appear_v only_o induce_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o natural_a barrenness_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o place_n where_o they_o dig_v and_o it_o be_v general_o count_v in_o peru_n a_o sign_n good_a enough_o if_o the_o mountain_n or_o mountainous_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o pitch_v upon_o for_o in_o such_o a_o soil_n only_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a mine_n be_v find_v be_v very_o rugged_a hard_a and_o sharp_a and_o so_o absolute_o barren_a that_o not_o a_o tree_n plant_n or_o shrub_n grow_v on_o it_o and_o that_o the_o grass_n if_o yet_o it_o bear_v any_o be_v of_o a_o faint_a wither_a colour_n and_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v parch_v with_o drought_n these_o vein_n lie_v common_o deep_a within_o ground_n yet_o afford_v very_o good_a and_o pure_a metal_n the_o principal_a vein_n of_o the_o mine_n for_o the_o most_o part_n run_v direct_o north_n and_o south_n yet_o branch_a themselves_o into_o lesser_a bough_n several_a way_n viz._n east_n west_n and_o towards_o all_o quarter_n be_v find_v many_o time_n five_o or_o six_o foot_n broad_a and_o seldom_o so_o narrow_a as_o a_o span_n and_o this_o run_v and_o branch_a of_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o mine_n they_o call_v the_o chase_n the_o way_n of_o dig_v for_o the_o metal_n be_v diverse_a sometime_o they_o begin_v at_o the_o top_n or_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o first_o observe_v the_o marchasite_n or_o sign_n of_o the_o metal_n and_o sink_v the_o mine_n downward_o like_o a_o well_o only_o take_v a_o convenient_a space_n of_o ground_n for_o the_o platform_n or_o compass_n of_o the_o mine_n and_o leave_v stanzas_n or_o place_n to_o rest_v upon_o and_o dispatch_v necessary_a business_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o continual_o as_o they_o work_v deep_o into_o the_o mine_n the_o other_o be_v to_o begin_v to_o dig_v at_o the_o foot_n or_o near_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n in_o line_n almost_o level_a that_o be_v slope_v a_o little_a upward_o and_o till_o they_o come_v perpendicular_o under_o the_o place_n where_o they_o first_o observe_v the_o token_n of_o the_o metal_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n general_o presume_v by_o the_o miner_n that_o though_o every_o mine_n of_o metal_n that_o may_v be_v in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o mountain_n do_v not_o show_v itself_o by_o sign_n at_o the_o top_n as_o when_o it_o lie_v very_o deep_a within_o ground_n or_o be_v obstruct_v by_o some_o quarry_n of_o stone_n or_o otherwise_o yet_o wheresoever_o any_o such_o sign_n of_o it_o do_v appear_v at_o the_o top_n there_o it_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o plain_a ground_n at_o least_o well_o nigh_o to_o it_o and_o that_o the_o deep_a the_o mine_n run_v within_o ground_n the_o big_a and_o better_a it_o be_v verify_v in_o a_o new_a sense_n the_o proverb_n the_o best_a be_v at_o the_o bottom_n this_o be_v count_v the_o best_a way_n of_o mining_n and_o most_o commodious_a in_o many_o respect_n especial_o for_o drayn_v away_o of_o the_o water_n which_o be_v common_o find_v in_o the_o mineral_n hill_n and_o do_v extreme_o trouble_v the_o miner_n in_o their_o work_n if_o they_o be_v not_o divert_v and_o likewise_o for_o carry_v the_o silver_n out_o of_o the_o mine_n when_o it_o be_v dig_v neither_o of_o which_o can_v be_v do_v the_o other_o way_n viz._n where_o the_o mine_n be_v sink_v right_n downward_o without_o excessive_a labour_n charge_n time_n and_o hazard_v to_o the_o workman_n but_o this_o way_n be_v do_v with_o ease_n for_o the_o water_n that_o issue_n out_o of_o the_o chink_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o mine_n be_v easy_o receive_v into_o certain_a cistern_n make_v for_o the_o purpose_n and_o by_o pipe_n divert_v which_o way_n they_o please_v and_o the_o silver_n be_v no_o less_o easy_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o mine_n for_o the_o way_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o be_v either_o level_a or_o slope_v downward_o the_o poor_a miner_n be_v not_o force_v to_o mount_v with_o it_o upon_o their_o back_n as_o they_o do_v the_o other_o way_n two_o hundred_o sometime_o three_o hundred_o stade_n or_o man-height_n from_o the_o place_n where_o they_o dig_v it_o upon_o ladder_n make_v of_o neats-hides_a or_o leather_n and_o from_o which_o many_o time_n by_o mischance_n they_o fall_v down_o with_o it_o into_o the_o mine_n upon_o their_o back_n and_o be_v break_v to_o piece_n if_o they_o dig_v far_o into_o the_o mountain_n
much_o give_v to_o quarrel_v and_o contention_n among_o themselves_o but_o by_o this_o time_n it_o be_v suppose_v be_v reasonable_o well_o reclaim_v both_o from_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o in_o this_o country_n beside_o many_o other_o goodly_a stream_n be_v the_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n barania_n on_o the_o bank_n whereof_o be_v seat_v most_o of_o their_o principal_a town_n viz._n xalisco_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o to_o a_o large_a promontory_n or_o foreland_n on_o the_o western_a coast_n which_o shoot_v itself_o out_o into_o the_o bay_n of_o califormia_n right_o over_o against_o certain_a island_n which_o the_o spaniard_n call_v the_o three_o mary_n this_o be_v a_o ancient_a city_n or_o town_n of_o the_o native_n but_o sack_v and_o take_v from_o they_o by_o nunnez_fw-fr de_fw-fr gusman_n in_o the_o year_n 1530._o 2._o compostella_n now_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n and_o a_o bishop_n sea_n 3._o la_fw-fr purification_n a_o small_a town_n on_o the_o sea_n side_n towards_o the_o confine_n of_o new-spain_n 4._o st._n sebastian_n in_o chiametla_n so_o call_v from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v build_v have_v rich_a mine_n of_o silver_n round_o about_o it_o and_o therefore_o make_v a_o colony_n by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr tharra_n above_o mention_v in_o the_o year_n 1554._o 5._o guadalaiara_fw-it be_v bound_v on_o the_o west_n with_o xalisco_n on_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n with_o new-spain_n on_o the_o north_n with_o zacatecas_n a_o country_n exceed_v pleasant_a and_o rich_a in_o all_o kind_n of_o commodity_n but_o especial_o in_o its_o mine_n of_o silver_n well_o water_v with_o the_o river_n barania_n which_o run_v through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o and_o with_o divers_a other_o stream_n yield_v abundant_o both_o wheat_n maiz_n and_o some_o other_o grain_n in_o a_o word_n there_o be_v nothing_o say_v of_o the_o property_n of_o new-gallicia_a in_o general_n either_o for_o soil_n climate_n or_o people_n but_o be_v peculiar_o verify_v of_o this_o province_n the_o chief_a town_n whereof_o be_v 1._o guadalaiara_fw-it which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n about_o it_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n barania_n in_o a_o most_o delectable_a and_o sweet_a air_n and_o a_o rich_a soil_n by_o advantage_n whereof_o it_o be_v become_v the_o metropolis_n of_o new-gallicia_a honour_v with_o a_o episcopal_a sea_n which_o be_v translate_v thither_o from_o compostella_n in_o the_o year_n 1570_o with_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o with_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n treasurer_n for_o that_o province_n 2._o st._n maria_n de_fw-fr los_fw-es lagos_fw-es a_o town_n thirty_o league_n eastward_o of_o guadalaiara_n be_v a_o frontier_n place_n and_o build_v on_o purpose_n to_o secure_v the_o country_n against_o the_o chichemecae_n which_o be_v a_o barbarous_a and_o unreduced_a people_n of_o the_o north-east_n part_n of_o this_o country_n who_o harbour_v themselves_o in_o cave_n under_o ground_n in_o the_o thick_a of_o huge_a wood_n and_o forest_n do_v oftentimes_o issue_v out_o and_o make_v foul_a spoil_n in_o the_o country_n where_o they_o come_v and_o will_v do_v much_o more_o harm_n if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o this_o garrison_n 3._o del_fw-it spiritu_fw-la santo_n build_v by_o the_o founder_n of_o the_o other_o two_o viz._n nunnez_fw-fr de_fw-fr gusman_n aforesaid_a in_o a_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o they_o call_v tepeque_fw-la 6._o the_o zacatecas_n as_o they_o call_v they_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o guadalaiara_n on_o the_o north_n with_o new-biscay_n on_o the_o west_n with_o couliacan_a and_o some_o part_n of_o xalisco_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o new-span_n the_o country_n especial_o the_o more_o western_a part_n of_o it_o very_o rich_a in_o silver_n mine_n no_o province_n of_o this_o part_n of_o america_n rich_o but_o not_o so_o apt_a either_o for_o wheat_n or_o maiz._n it_o be_v a_o country_n that_o will_v please_v some_o rich_a miser_n well_o that_o can_v live_v only_o with_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o money_n but_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o it_o abundant_o store_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n the_o wood_n every_o where_o replenish_v with_o deer_n the_o field_n no_o less_o with_o corn_n and_o every_o tree_n almost_o give_v entertainment_n to_o some_o bird_n or_o other_o the_o town_n be_v 1._o las_o zacatecas_n forty_o league_n distant_a from_o guadalaiara_n and_o four-score_n from_o mexico_n but_o neighbour_v with_o most_o rich_a mine_n and_o therefore_o both_o garrison_v and_o also_o well_o people_v by_o the_o spaniard_n it_o be_v suppose_v there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o five_o hundred_o family_n of_o they_o in_o the_o town_n and_o about_o the_o mine_n 2._o st._n martin_n twenty_o seven_o league_n distant_a from_o zacatecas_n and_o as_o rich_a a_o place_n have_v a_o colony_n of_o four_o hundred_o spaniard_n at_o least_o 3._o st._n lucas_n de_fw-fr avinno_n 4._o erena_n lesser_a town_n but_o both_o of_o they_o rich_a and_o seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o excellent_a mine_n 6._o nombre_fw-fr de_fw-fr dios_fw-es in_o the_o most_o northerly_a part_n of_o all_o this_o country_n sixty_o eight_o league_n distant_a from_o guadalaiara_n and_o found_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a francisco_n de_fw-fr tharra_n who_o have_v subdue_v and_o quiet_v the_o native_n and_o thereby_o gain_v to_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o these_o country_n grant_v the_o propriety_n of_o some_o silver_n mine_n both_o to_o the_o spaniard_n and_o native_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n draw_v so_o many_o of_o they_o thither_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n it_o become_v the_o chief_a and_o best_a people_v town_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n 7._o durango_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o guadiana_n eight_o league_n distant_a from_o nombre_fw-fr de_fw-fr dios._n 8._o xeres_fw-fr de_fw-fr frontera_n a_o place_n build_v on_o purpose_n for_o the_o repress_v of_o the_o chichemecae_n aforesaid_a and_o other_o savage_n that_o infest_a the_o border_n of_o guadalaiara_n in_o the_o regency_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o villa_n manrique_n and_o last_o st._n lewis_n build_v by_o alonso_n pacheco_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v call_v vxitipa_n and_o people_v by_o he_o with_o a_o colony_n of_o spaniard_n be_v distant_a about_o twenty_o league_n from_o panuco_n in_o new-spain_n to_o which_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o vxitipa_n once_o belong_v 7._o new-biscay_n have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o zacatecas_n on_o the_o west_n the_o country_n of_o cinoloa_n northward_o it_o be_v bound_v with_o new-mexico_n the_o eastern_a border_n of_o it_o look_v towards_o florida_n not_o yet_o well_o discover_v so_o call_v by_o the_o spaniard_n only_o from_o its_o neighbourhood_n to_o new-gallicia_a it_o be_v as_o the_o other_o province_n exceed_o rich_a in_o silver_n mine_n and_o have_v some_o also_o of_o lead_n which_o serve_v principal_o as_o some_o say_v for_o the_o refine_n or_o purge_v of_o the_o other_o metal_n the_o people_n general_o of_o a_o stout_a and_o resolute_a disposition_n and_o with_o much_o difficulty_n submit_v to_o the_o yoke_n yea_o the_o spaniard_n themselves_o confess_v there_o remain_v yet_o to_o this_o day_n four_o great_a town_n unreduce_v though_o they_o lie_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o the_o zacatecas_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o mine_n and_o town_n of_o st._n barbara_n of_o this_o province_n the_o spaniard_n call_v they_o las_o quatro_fw-la ceinegas_n or_o the_o four_o quagmire_n as_o lie_v perhaps_o in_o the_o marsh_n or_o in_o some_o fenny_a and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o country_n the_o town_n which_o themselves_o hold_v be_v 1._o st._n barbara_n famous_a for_o the_o rich_a mine_n about_o it_o 2._o st._n john_n equal_a to_o the_o other_o and_o not_o above_o three_o or_o four_o league_n distant_a from_o it_o 3._o end_v the_o most_o northerly_a town_n which_o the_o spaniard_n have_v in_o this_o country_n distant_a about_o twenty_o league_n from_o the_o other_o these_o be_v all_o colony_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o build_v on_o purpose_n for_o secure_v the_o mine_n 7._o new-mexico_n as_o it_o be_v call_v for_o distinction_n sake_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south-west_n with_o new-biscay_n more_o direct_o westward_o with_o some_o part_n of_o quivira_n the_o country_n northward_o of_o it_o not_o yet_o discover_v eastward_o it_o extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o florida_n this_o be_v without_o comparison_n the_o large_a province_n of_o all_o new-gallicia_a have_v be_v search_v and_o discover_v by_o the_o spaniard_n above_o one_o hundred_o some_o say_v above_o two_o hundred_o league_n direct_o eastward_o and_o to_o the_o north-east_n and_o they_o report_v wonder_n of_o it_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v they_o at_o least_o in_o respect_n of_o what_o be_v general_o find_v in_o these_o northern_a part_n of_o america_n at_o their_o first_o discovery_n as_o namely_o that_o they_o have_v
the_o mine_n the_o only_a inconvenience_n which_o the_o country_n seem_v to_o lie_v under_o be_v the_o abundance_n of_o serpent_n or_o snake_n which_o it_o breed_v there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o say_v to_o be_v twenty_o foot_n long_o or_o more_o and_o do_v not_o a_o little_a infest_v the_o native_n who_o yet_o be_v not_o without_o a_o general_a antidote_n or_o remedy_n which_o the_o country_n likewise_o natural_o afford_v which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o leaf_n of_o some_o of_o their_o tree_n dry_v to_o powder_n of_o which_o they_o make_v a_o plaster_n of_o sovereign_a efficacy_n as_o it_o be_v say_v against_o their_o venom_n and_o otherwise_o general_o good_a for_o any_o old_a and_o inveterate_a sore_n the_o place_n of_o more_o principal_a note_n in_o this_o country_n inhabit_v by_o the_o spaniard_n be_v 1._o ciudad_o real_a pleasant_o seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o round_a vale_n or_o plain_n and_o almost_o encompass_v with_o hill_n round_o about_o it_o in_o form_n of_o 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and_o resistance_n make_v by_o interest_v person_n of_o the_o other_o side_n he_o procure_v they_o liberty_n and_o a_o edict_n from_o the_o emperor_n in_o favour_n of_o they_o whereby_o they_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v free_a people_n and_o not_o slave_n and_o the_o spaniard_n forbid_v to_o use_v they_o any_o long_o as_o such_o or_o to_o force_v they_o to_o any_o kind_n of_o labour_n against_o their_o will_n or_o otherwise_o than_o by_o agreement_n with_o they_o which_o liberty_n they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n and_o though_o the_o spaniaiard_n be_v say_v to_o give_v they_o very_o small_a wage_n in_o some_o place_n and_o for_o their_o work_n in_o their_o sugar_n mill_n which_o be_v no_o small_a labour_n not_o above_o five_o royal_n or_o two_o shilling_n six_o penny_n a_o week_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n yet_o by_o reason_n it_o be_v with_o their_o consent_n and_o in_o a_o country_n where_o all_o thing_n be_v plentiful_a and_o cheap_a 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by_o the_o spaniard_n i_o find_v not_o any_o name_v save_v only_o st._n augustine_n near_a unto_o which_o there_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o cave_n and_o fountain_n within_o ground_n which_o convert_v the_o water_n that_o fall_v into_o it_o out_o of_o several_a lesser_a spring_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o alabaster_n or_o stone_n perfect_o white_a and_o fashion_n it_o likewise_o into_o pillar_n statue_n and_o other_o artificial_a form_n very_o curious_o as_o laet_n report_v 4._o guatimala_fw-mi special_o so_o call_v have_v on_o the_o west_n the_o river_n xicalapa_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o vera_n paz_n on_o the_o east_n it_o be_v bound_v with_o the_o country_n of_o nicaragua_n on_o the_o north_n with_o honduras_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o mare_n del_fw-it zur_n the_o country_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o neighbourhood_n with_o vera_n paz_n not_o altogether_o clear_a of_o mountain_n but_o otherwise_o well_o water_v with_o rivers_n and_o enrich_v with_o fair_a and_o fruitful_a valley_n which_o afford_v not_o only_o good_a pasturage_n and_o many_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n but_o likewise_o good_a store_n of_o wheat_n maiz_n and_o other_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n great_a plenty_n of_o cotton-wooll_n general_o both_o here_o and_o in_o the_o other_o province_n viz._n of_o vera_n paz_n chiapa_n etc._n etc._n some_o medicinal_a wood_n likewise_o and_o liquor_n and_o absolute_o the_o best_a sulphur_n of_o america_n the_o people_n general_o tractable_a and_o well_o dispoe_v both_o in_o point_n of_o religion_n and_o civil_a government_n the_o town_n of_o chief_n note_n be_v 1._o guatimala_fw-mi otherwise_o call_v st._n jago_n de_fw-fr guatimala_n the_o chief_n city_n of_o the_o province_n situate_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o pleasant_a river_n and_o in_o all_o respect_v convenient_a but_o for_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o two_o vulcan_n as_o they_o call_v they_o at_o the_o west-indies_n that_o be_v of_o certain_a mountain_n which_o cast_v fire_n and_o smoke_n out_o of_o they_o more_o or_o less_o continual_o and_o with_o which_o about_o the_o year_n 1586._o it_o be_v almost_o bury_v with_o ash_n and_o burn_a earth_n which_o the_o one_o of_o they_o for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o month_n together_o continual_v belch_v out_o in_o such_o fearful_a quantity_n that_o many_o people_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o city_n receive_v much_o damage_n by_o it_o there_o be_v many_o of_o these_o vulcan_n in_o several_a part_n of_o america_n as_o namely_o at_o arequipa_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n at_o puebla_n de_fw-fr los_fw-la angeles_n in_o the_o province_n of_o tlascalla_n abovesaid_a a_o mountain_n of_o so_o great_a height_n that_o they_o be_v say_v to_o go_v little_o less_o than_o thirty_o league_n turn_v and_o wind_v before_o they_o can_v reach_v the_o top_n of_o it_o and_o other_o in_o several_a other_o place_n they_o be_v general_o mountain_n of_o great_a height_n and_o run_v sharp_a upward_o but_o at_o the_o top_n contain_v some_o quantity_n of_o plain_a 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inhabitant_n be_v since_o remove_v to_o porto_n bello_fw-la or_o st._n philip_n aforesaid_a as_o to_o a_o more_o fortify_v and_o secure_a place_n 3._o acla_o a_o town_n upon_o the_o same_o coast_n but_o lie_v southeast_n of_o nombre_fw-fr de_fw-fr dios._n 4._o nata_fw-la common_o call_v st._n jago_n de_fw-fr nata_fw-la situate_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o this_o province_n upon_o mare_fw-la del_fw-it zur_n or_o the_o south_n sea_n about_o thirty_o league_n distance_n from_o panama_n towards_o the_o border_n of_o veragua_n 5._o panama_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n be_v also_o a_o bishop_n sea_n who_o be_v suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o lima_n and_o the_o ordinary_a residence_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o court_n of_o justice_n for_o these_o part_n it_o be_v seat_v likewise_o upon_o the_o south_n sea_n and_o so_o near_o that_o at_o high_a water_n the_o ship_n be_v say_v to_o ride_v even_o under_o the_o wall_n through_o this_o town_n the_o wealth_n both_o of_o 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to_o the_o province_n and_o to_o the_o west_n with_o the_o south_n sea_n of_o a_o more_o temperate_a air_n by_o far_o than_o that_o of_o panama_n and_o a_o soil_n so_o admirable_o fruitful_a and_o lusty_a that_o they_o say_v melon_n cucumber_n and_o general_o all_o other_o fruit_n of_o the_o garden_n be_v ripe_a and_o fit_a to_o gather_v within_o twenty_o day_n or_o less_o after_o their_o first_o sow_v the_o chief_a and_o indeed_o only_a town_n of_o this_o tract_n be_v darien_n call_v ancient_o by_o the_o first_o founder_n of_o it_o st._n maria_n antiqua_fw-la and_o by_o other_o the_o antique_a of_o darien_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o town_n that_o be_v build_v by_o the_o spaniard_n on_o the_o firm_a land_n 4._o eastward_o of_o darien_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o vrraba_n lie_v the_o country_n of_o new-andaluzia_n as_o some_o call_v it_o though_o that_o name_n be_v likewise_o and_o perhaps_o more_o true_o attribute_v to_o the_o province_n of_o paria_fw-la hereafter_o to_o be_v speak_v 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bury_v therein_o from_o other_o place_n very_o remote_a and_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n not_o without_o good_a store_n of_o gold_n and_o other_o jewel_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o person_n that_o be_v bury_v of_o which_o the_o spaniard_n soon_o gain_v intelligence_n and_o in_o ransack_v the_o grave_n and_o monument_n of_o the_o dead_a be_v suppose_v to_o have_v find_v a_o infinite_a mass_n of_o treasure_n but_o those_o mine_n be_v long_o since_o exhaust_v the_o place_n of_o chief_a impotance_n here_o be_v 1._o carthagena_n situate_v upon_o the_o north_n sea_n in_o a_o sandy_a peninsula_n or_o half_a island_n well_o build_v and_o for_o the_o bigness_n of_o it_o of_o good_a wealth_n and_o riches_n as_o the_o english_a well_o find_v under_o sir_n francis_n drake_n in_o the_o year_n 1585._o when_o they_o take_v the_o place_n and_o have_v pillage_v it_o carried_z away_o beside_o abundance_n of_o treasure_n no_o less_o than_o two_o hundred_o and_o forty_o brass_n piece_n of_o ordinance_n it_o be_v count_v one_o of_o the_o best_a havens_n belong_v to_o the_o firm_a land_n of_o america_n 2._o tolu_fw-la by_o the_o spaniard_n now_o call_v st._n jago_n twelve_o league_n distant_a from_o cartagena_n a_o place_n memorable_a for_o the_o excellent_a balsam_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o thence_o &_o common_o call_v the_o balsam_n of_o tolu_fw-la 3._o st._n crux_fw-la de_fw-fr mopox_o a_o neat_a town_n seated_z a_o little_a above_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n st._n martha_n and_o magdalene_n which_o water_n this_o province_n 4._o baranca_n de_fw-fr nolambo_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n especial_o for_o all_o commodity_n of_o the_o new_a kingdom_n of_o granada_n it_o stand_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o magdelene_n river_n and_o about_o six_o league_n distant_a from_o the_o sea_n 5._o buena_fw-es vista_n otherwise_o call_v st._n sabastian_n de_fw-fr buena_fw-es vista_n a_o town_n commodious_o seat_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n not_o far_o from_o the_o gulf_n of_o vrraba_n or_o the_o sound_n of_o darien_n about_o a_o league_n and_o half_a from_o the_o sea_n and_o last_o villa_n de_fw-fr st._n maria_n thirty_o league_n southward_a of_o cartagena_n 5._o st._n martha_n so_o call_v from_o the_o chief_n city_n of_o the_o province_n be_v border_v on_o the_o west_n with_o new-andaluzia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr hacha_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o ocean_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o new-granada_n it_o be_v about_o threescore_o and_o ten_o league_n in_o length_n and_o not_o much_o less_o in_o breadth_n a_o mountainous_a country_n likewise_o for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o the_o ground_n not_o much_o commend_v but_o only_o for_o some_o fruit_n of_o the_o ordinary_a growth_n of_o spain_n viz._n orange_n lemon_n etc._n etc._n which_o thrive_v here_o very_o well_o the_o air_n upon_o the_o coast_n very_o hot_a but_o more_o within_o land_n as_o extreme_o cold_a viz._n upon_o the_o mountain_n the_o country_n be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v rio_n grande_n as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o the_o great_a river_n of_o magdalene_n which_o rise_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o new-granada_n fall_v down_o into_o this_o province_n &_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n betwixt_o the_o city_n of_o st._n martha_n and_o cartegena_n though_o at_o a_o distance_n of_o ten_o or_o twenty_o league_n from_o either_o with_o a_o double_a stream_n and_o such_o a_o violent_a course_n that_o as_o acosta_n testify_v it_o be_v count_v not_o a_o little_a dangerous_a to_o attempt_v the_o entrance_n of_o it_o sometime_o viz._n when_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o stream_n be_v contrary_a the_o chief_a town_n be_v 1._o st._n martha_n seat_v upon_o the_o sea_n coast_n have_v a_o safe_a and_o very_a convenient_a haven_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o well_o defend_v from_o the_o wind_n by_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o high_a mountain_n lie_v almost_o right_o over_o against_o it_o it_o be_v no_o great_a town_n but_o rich_a for_o the_o bigness_n at_o least_o it_o be_v find_v so_o when_o sir_n francis_n drake_n surprise_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1595._o what_o it_o be_v the_o year_n follow_v when_o sir_n anthony_n shirley_n call_v there_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1630_o when_o the_o dutch_a take_v it_o i_o can_v say_v 2._o tenariffe_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o magdalene_n forty_o league_n distant_a from_o st._n martha_n 3._o villa_n de_fw-fr las_fw-fr palmas_n twenty_o league_n southward_a of_o tenariff_n 4._o ciudad_fw-es de_fw-es los_fw-es reyes_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o vpar_n and_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o large_a river_n call_v guataporta_n which_o a_o little_a below_o this_o town_n fall_v into_o the_o magdalene_n it_o be_v a_o frontier_n place_n and_o but_o ill_o neighbour_v by_o reason_n of_o certain_a
than_o any_o of_o these_o yet_o prove_v as_o fruitless_a as_o the_o rest_n he_o begin_v his_o march_n in_o the_o year_n 1538._o and_o continue_v it_o till_o 1543._o overrun_v the_o country_n with_o a_o little_a army_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o horse_n and_o 90_o foot_n subdue_a the_o paracoussi_n or_o petty_a prince_n where_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o compel_v they_o to_o send_v in_o their_o turkey_n hen_n and_o other_o fowl_n for_o the_o victual_v of_o his_o run_a camp_n every_o day_n till_o at_o last_o find_v his_o hope_n of_o gold_n frustrate_v and_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o army_n waste_v and_o the_o rest_n much_o weaken_v with_o travel_n strike_v with_o grief_n and_o as_o some_o say_v also_o with_o a_o fever_n he_o die_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o journey_n and_o the_o remnant_n of_o his_o company_n under_o the_o command_n of_o ludevico_n muscoso_n his_o lieutenant_n with_o much_o difficulty_n recover_v mexico_n at_o last_o upon_o so_o many_o unsuccessfull_a attempt_n the_o spaniard_n seem_v to_o leave_v the_o country_n whereupon_o the_o french_a enter_v send_v thither_o by_o gaspar_n coligni_n admiral_n of_o france_n in_o the_o year_n 1562_o but_o they_o be_v such_o as_o the_o spaniard_n like_v not_o to_o have_v so_o near_o they_o wherefore_o immediate_o upon_o the_o land_n of_o a_o second_o supply_n in_o the_o year_n 1565_o at_o charles_n fort_n upon_o the_o river_n port-royall_a above_o say_v the_o spaniard_n set_v upon_o they_o both_o by_o sea_n and_o land_n force_v their_o ship_n violent_o upon_o the_o rock_n sack_v the_o new_a town_n and_o put_v the_o whole_a colony_n to_o the_o sword_n scarce_o one_o man_n escape_v together_o with_o ribault_n himself_o who_o be_v commander_n in_o chief_a for_o the_o expedition_n there_o be_v above_o six_o hundred_o french_a slay_v in_o this_o action_n and_o all_o their_o hope_n in_o florida_n thereby_o utter_o extinct_a since_o that_o time_n the_o spaniard_n have_v better_o fortify_v those_o place_n of_o the_o peninsula_n viz._n saint_n matthews_n and_o saint_n augustine_n abovesaid_a together_o with_o the_o castle_n of_o saint_n philip_n and_o saint_n jage_n in_o the_o more_o northerly_a part_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v like_o aesop_n dog_n in_o the_o manger_n rather_o to_o keep_v out_o other_o than_o that_o they_o make_v any_o good_a improvement_n of_o the_o country_n themselves_o and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v beat_v out_o and_o send_v to_o attend_v their_o mine_n and_o sugar-mills_n elsewhere_o it_o may_v seem_v but_o just_a the_o country_n be_v a_o large_a and_o goodly_a province_n of_o america_n of_o a_o fertile_a and_o good_a soil_n general_o yet_o neither_o people_v with_o native_n nor_o use_v in_o any_o sort_n as_o it_o ought_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o advancement_n of_o public_a good_a what_o reason_n or_o justice_n therefore_o can_v it_o be_v that_o the_o spaniard_n only_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o fort_n or_o two_o upon_o the_o coast_n shall_v pretend_v to_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o neither_o improve_v it_o themselves_o as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v improve_v nor_o permit_v any_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v willing_a so_o to_o do_v it_o be_v suppose_v indeed_o they_o keep_v it_o as_o a_o reserve_n of_o treasure_n to_o themselves_o that_o when_o they_o have_v leisure_n or_o that_o their_o mine_n at_o potozi_n or_o other_o place_n fail_v they_o may_v make_v a_o further_a search_n about_o the_o apalatti_n of_o this_o province_n of_o which_o there_o be_v confident_a report_n that_o they_o have_v mine_n and_o though_o success_n hitherto_o have_v not_o answer_v their_o endeavour_n much_o yet_o they_o despair_v not_o in_o due_a time_n to_o find_v they_o upon_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n of_o the_o country_n and_o a_o more_o thorough_a search_n and_o true_o their_o policy_n and_o great_a providence_n seem_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v condemn_v but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o any_o other_o nation_n upon_o just_a ground_n shall_v happen_v to_o step_v between_o and_o prevent_v they_o they_o have_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o complain_v or_o to_o count_v themselves_o injure_v 5._o there_o lie_v over_o against_o the_o country_n of_o florida_n westward_o or_o south-west_n certain_a small_a island_n which_o because_o they_o be_v but_o small_a one_o and_o lie_v so_o near_o the_o continent_n geographer_n sometime_o describe_v as_o a_o part_n and_o appertain_v to_o the_o continent_n they_o be_v call_v by_o a_o general_a name_n the_o leucayae_n island_n and_o have_v not_o much_o to_o be_v speak_v of_o they_o the_o chief_a be_v first_o las_n tortugas_n or_o the_o tortoise_n which_o be_v seven_o or_o eight_o little_a island_n lie_v together_o at_o the_o south-west_n point_n of_o the_o peninsula_n call_v cape_n florida_n right_o over_o against_o the_o port_n havana_n of_o the_o isle_n cuba_n from_o which_o they_o be_v distant_a about_o five_o or_o six_o league_n and_o by_o their_o lie_v so_o scatter_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o sea_n as_o they_o do_v they_o make_v the_o passage_n from_o thence_o to_o havana_n not_o a_o little_a dangerous_a second_o los_fw-la martyr_n these_o be_v three_o great_a rock_n rather_o than_o island_n lie_v to_o the_o southeast_n of_o cape_n florida_n and_o cover_v for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o a_o whitish_a sand_n and_o a_o few_o bush_n grow_v on_o they_o they_o seem_v at_o a_o distance_n to_o bear_v a_o resemblance_n of_o man_n impald_v or_o bind_v to_o stake_n as_o the_o martyr_n in_o primitive_a time_n usual_o be_v which_o occasion_v the_o spaniard_n so_o to_o name_v they_o it_o be_v very_o dangerous_a to_o come_v too_o near_o they_o but_o to_o have_v sight_n of_o they_o be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o man_n at_o sea_n for_o by_o pass_v these_o rock_n and_o leave_v they_o to_o the_o southeast_n they_o certain_o know_v that_o they_o be_v now_o enter_v the_o streit_n not_o of_o magellan_n which_o lie_v many_o thousand_o of_o league_n further_a southward_o of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o due_a place_n but_o of_o bahama_n that_o be_v that_o they_o have_v leave_v the_o ocean_n and_o be_v fall_v in_o among_o those_o many_o island_n which_o do_v as_o it_o be_v barricado_n and_o block_n up_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o america_n towards_o nombre_n de_fw-fr dios_n and_o terra_fw-la firma_fw-la as_o they_o call_v it_o through_o which_o the_o passage_n to_o the_o continent_n be_v sometime_o dangerous_a by_o reason_n of_o contrary_a wind_n and_o always_o such_o as_o it_o require_v the_o skill_n and_o care_n of_o a_o experience_a pilot_n to_o conduct_v the_o ship_n well_o thither_o three_o bahama_n lie_v westward_o of_o cape_n florida_n famous_a for_o nothing_o but_o only_o for_o give_v name_n to_o the_o streit_n so_o call_v which_o run_v betwixt_o the_o peninsula_n of_o florida_n and_o it_o with_o such_o a_o violent_a course_n and_o torrent_n that_o although_o it_o be_v above_o sixteen_o mile_n broad_a yet_o many_o time_n neither_o wind_n nor_o oar_n can_v prevail_v against_o it_o four_o guanahani_n the_o first_o piece_n of_o american_n ground_n that_o be_v discover_v and_o name_v by_o christopher_n columbus_n saint_n saviour_n or_o salvador_n as_o have_v be_v say_v chap._n vi_o of_o califormia_n 1._o califormia_n in_o the_o general_n contain_v all_o those_o province_n of_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o america_n whither_o discover_v or_o undiscovered_a which_o lie_v westward_o of_o florida_n canada_n and_o virginia_n and_o to_o the_o northwest_o of_o new-gallicia_a up_o to_o the_o streit_n of_o anian_a or_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o divide_v the_o continent_n of_o tartary_n from_o america_n but_o more_o especial_o take_v it_o comprehend_v only_o that_o large_a peninsula_n or_o demy-island_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v which_o stretch_v itself_o from_o north_n to_o south_n to_o a_o vast_a length_n on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o mar_n vermiglio_n as_o it_o be_v common_o call_v and_o sometime_o the_o bay_n of_o califormia_n they_o that_o take_v it_o in_o ihe_n first_o and_o large_a sense_n describe_v under_o the_o name_n of_o califormia_n these_o four_o particular_a province_n viz._n 1._o quivira_n 2._o cibola_n 3._o califormia_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o 4._o nova_fw-la albion_n 2._o quivira_n take_v up_o the_o most_o northern_a and_o unknown_a part_n of_o america_n towards_o the_o west_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o suppose_a strait_o of_o anian_a aforesaid_a if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o or_o else_o join_v to_o the_o continent_n of_o tartary_n it_o be_v likewise_o the_o barren_a and_o least_o fruitful_a part_n of_o all_o the_o west-indies_n especial_o for_o corn._n cattle_n it_o have_v great_a store_n and_o pasturage_v good_a the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o level_a and_o nothing_o else_o but_o pasturage_n the_o native_n few_o and_o