entertain_v with_o all_o the_o expression_n and_o token_n of_o joy_n king_n john_n perceive_v how_o powerful_a they_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v and_o how_o that_o the_o country_n do_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n favour_v their_o cause_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o nip_v they_o in_o the_o bud_n and_o to_o fall_v upon_o they_o before_o they_o grow_v too_o strong_a and_o therefore_o have_v levy_v his_o force_n he_o march_v together_o with_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o rochester_n be_v arrive_v there_o he_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o the_o governor_n william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n so_o brave_o defend_v it_o that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v take_v after_o three_o month_n siege_n but_o at_o length_n the_o king_n man_n bear_v on_o so_o violent_o that_o they_o take_v it_o by_o a_o storm_n where_o beside_o william_n de_fw-fr abbineto_n the_o king_n take_v several_a of_o the_o baron_n prisoner_n this_o be_v a_o ill_a 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lhewelyn_n make_v a_o equal_a distribution_n of_o south-wales_n betwixt_o they_o allot_v to_o maelgâ—n_n three_o cantref_n in_o dyfed_a viz._n gwarthaf_n penlhwynoc_n cemaes_n and_o emlyn_n with_o cilgerran_n castle_n to_o young_a rhys_n two_o castle_n in_o ystratywy_a hiruryn_n and_o maelhaen_n maenor_n bydfey_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfry_n and_o two_o in_o cardigan_n gwyâ—tâ—yth_v and_o mabwyneon_n his_o brother_n owen_n have_v to_o his_o share_n the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o nant_n your_o arian_n with_o three_o cantress_n in_o cardigan_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n otherwise_o call_v rhys_n gryc_a have_v dynefawr_n castle_n the_o cantref_n mawr_z the_o cantref_n bychan_n except_v hiruryn_n and_o midhfey_n together_o with_o the_o comote_n of_o cydwely_n and_o carnwylhion_n this_o division_n be_v accomplish_v to_o every_o one_o satisfaction_n and_o all_o the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n be_v amicable_o reconcile_v prince_n lhewelyn_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o north-wales_n but_o he_o have_v not_o advance_v very_o far_o when_o
his_o mind_n deliver_v up_o to_o the_o king_n be_v the_o inland_n country_n of_o denbigh_n and_o flint_n which_o lhewelyn_n at_o this_o time_n repossess_v himself_o of_o and_o well_o it_o be_v he_o be_v so_o quick_a for_o within_o a_o little_a while_n after_o king_n john_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o pandulph_n the_o pope_n legate_n grant_v his_o holiness_n all_o his_o request_n and_o so_o obtain_v absolution_n at_o pandulph_n hand_n and_o upon_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n a_o assurance_n of_o a_o releasement_n from_o that_o ecclesiastical_a bull_n which_o have_v so_o formidable_o roar_v against_o he_o a.d._n 1213_o south-wales_n have_v now_o be_v quiet_a for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o they_o that_o use_v to_o be_v common_o very_o turbulent_a and_o contentious_a be_v now_o pretty_a easy_a and_o amicable_a but_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o such_o a_o peaceable_a course_n of_o life_n shall_v hold_v long_o where_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n have_v so_o much_o 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token_n of_o honour_n and_o carry_v their_o arm_n and_o all_o other_o implement_n of_o war_n along_o with_o they_o no_o relief_n be_v arrive_v the_o castle_n the_o next_o day_n be_v according_o surrender_v and_o all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n observe_v and_o so_o young_a rhys_n be_v possess_v of_o dynefawr_n in_o a_o little_a time_n afterward_o bring_v all_o cantref-fawr_a to_o his_o subjection_n when_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v sensible_a how_o the_o stream_n run_v violent_o against_o he_o he_o think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o remove_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o all_o his_o other_o effect_n to_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n country_n and_o so_o leave_v lhanymdhyfry_a castle_n well_o man_v and_o fortify_v he_o depart_v towards_o aberystwyth_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o foulke_n be_v return_v to_o the_o march_n young_a rhys_n come_v with_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o welch_n and_o norman_n before_o lhanymdhyfry_n intend_v to_o besiege_v that_o place_n but_o before_o they_o be_v encamp_v before_o the_o town_n the_o governor_n think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o surrender_v upon_o condition_n only_o that_o the_o garrison_n shall_v depart_v away_o with_o their_o life_n and_o short_o afterward_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v take_v at_o caermarâ—dhyn_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o king_n prison_n and_o so_o all_o the_o disturbance_n and_o trouble_n of_o south-wales_n come_v to_o a_o peaceable_a issue_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o north-wales_n for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v desirous_a to_o rid_v his_o country_n from_o the_o insupportable_a tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o english_a garrison_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o dyganwy_n and_o ruthlan_n the_o only_a place_n now_o remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a which_o he_o take_v without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o so_o free_v his_o country_n from_o any_o title_n or_o pretence_n the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v claim_v in_o north-wales_n king_n john_n indeed_o be_v engage_v another_o way_n and_o consequent_o in_o no_o good_a condition_n to_o help_v himself_o for_o have_v repent_v of_o all_o the_o indignity_n and_o stubborness_n he_o express_v against_o pope_n innocent_a at_o this_o time_n he_o receive_v penance_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o atone_v for_o all_o the_o severity_n he_o have_v practise_v against_o the_o church_n and_o to_o restore_v himself_o the_o more_o to_o his_o holiness_n favour_n he_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n tributary_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o pope_n in_o pay_v he_o the_o sum_n of_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a for_o ever_o and_o withal_o recall_v and_o restore_v to_o their_o former_a preferment_n and_o place_n all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v or_o have_v voluntary_o flee_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o strict_a adherence_n and_o submission_n to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o next_o year_n king_n 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news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v the_o english_a to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o have_v deliver_v pledge_n for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o what_o he_o have_v then_o by_o oath_n engage_v in_o and_o lest_o he_o shall_v have_v forget_v what_o he_o have_v then_o promise_v he_o be_v desire_v to_o read_v his_o own_o hand_n write_v whereby_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o he_o have_v very_o unjust_o violate_v both_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n but_o all_o the_o rhetoric_n the_o bishop_n can_v make_v use_n of_o be_v not_o of_o force_n enough_o to_o work_v gwenwynwyn_n to_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o prince_n and_o a_o aversion_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o see_v nothing_o will_v do_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v he_o incapable_a of_o serve_v the_o english_a and_o so_o enter_v powy_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n he_o subdue_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o himself_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v for_o succour_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n whilst_o these_o thing_n pass_v in_o wales_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n of_o france_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o english_a baron_n against_o king_n john_n land_v in_o the_o island_n of_o thanet_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o london_n he_o there_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o baron_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a war_n against_o the_o king_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o to_o winchester_n where_o king_n john_n then_o lay_v he_o take_v in_o his_o way_n the_o castle_n of_o rygat_n guildford_n and_o farnham_n and_o come_v to_o winchester_n have_v the_o town_n present_o surrender_v to_o he_o king_n john_n do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o abide_v his_o come_n but_o remove_v to_o hereford_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o send_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o reynold_n bruce_n desire_v their_o friendship_n and_o implore_v their_o aid_n and_o assistance_n against_o the_o french_a but_o they_o refuse_v to_o hearken_v to_o his_o proposal_n he_o destroy_v radnor_n and_o hay_n castle_n and_o march_v forward_o to_o oswestry_n which_o belong_v to_o john_n fitzalan_n he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o depart_v towards_o the_o north._n but_o after_o that_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n there_o and_o appoint_v governor_n in_o all_o the_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n whilst_o he_o be_v make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n at_o newark_n to_o confront_v the_o baron_n he_o fall_v sick_a and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o worcester_n after_o his_o death_n his_o son_n henry_n be_v by_o several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n proclaim_v king_n and_o in_o a_o little_a while_n most_o of_o the_o baron_n who_o upon_o their_o hatred_n to_o king_n john_n have_v maintain_v a_o open_a war_n against_o he_o come_v in_o and_o own_v their_o allegiance_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n though_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n to_o lewis_n the_o dauphine_n a.d._n 1217_o but_o what_o be_v most_o pernicious_a to_o the_o welsh_a reynald_n de_fw-fr bruce_n who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n maintain_v a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o father-in-law_n against_o king_n john_n underhand_o make_v his_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n but_o he_o suffer_v severe_o for_o his_o treachery_n for_o young_a rhys_n and_o owen_n his_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n see_v that_o he_o in_o who_o they_o put_v their_o great_a confidence_n have_v deceitful_o forsake_v they_o come_v upon_o he_o with_o all_o their_o power_n and_o take_v from_o he_o all_o buelht_n except_v only_o the_o castle_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v present_o make_v acquaint_v with_o bruce_n revolt_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v inform_v that_o his_o son-in-law_n be_v go_v over_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o go_v in_o great_a fury_n to_o brecknoc_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n of_o aberhondhy_a he_o be_v with_o much_o ado_n prevail_v upon_o by_o young_a rhys_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o a_o hundred_o mark_n and_o then_o cross_v the_o mountainous_a part_n of_o glamorgan_n call_v the_o black_a mountain_n where_o his_o carriage_n suffer_v very_o much_o he_o come_v to_o gwyr_n and_o encamp_v at_o lhangruc_n reynald_n bruce_n with_o six_o knight_n in_o his_o company_n come_v to_o meet_v he_o desire_v his_o pardon_n for_o his_o pass_a offence_n assure_v he_o that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o will_v be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o will_v to_o his_o endeavour_n assist_v he_o against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v too_o good_a nature_a to_o reject_v his_o submission_n and_o so_o do_v not_o only_o receive_v he_o to_o his_o favour_n but_o bestow_v upon_o he_o also_o the_o castle_n of_o senghennyth_n which_o reynald_n commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o rhys_n fychan_n prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n in_o gwyr_n march_v to_o dyfed_a and_o be_v at_o cefn_n cynwarchan_n the_o fleming_n send_v their_o agent_n to_o he_o to_o desire_v peace_n which_o the_o prince_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o always_o adhere_v to_o the_o english_a interest_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o and_o so_o young_a rhys_n have_v the_o first_o man_n pass_v the_o river_n cledeu_n to_o storm_n the_o town_n jorwerth_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o clergy_n come_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o entreat_v for_o a_o peace_n for_o the_o fleming_n which_o after_o a_o long_a debate_n be_v grant_v and_o conclude_v upon_o these_o term_n first_o that_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhô_n and_o the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o ever_o after_o acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n second_o that_o towards_o the_o defray_n of_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o expedition_n they_o shall_v pay_v one_o thousand_o mark_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o before_o the_o ensue_a feast_n of_o st._n michael_n three_o that_o for_o the_o sure_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o twenty_o hostage_n who_o be_v to_o be_v some_o of_o the_o most_o principal_a person_n in_o their_o country_n then_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v now_o bring_v all_o wales_n subject_n to_o himself_o and_o put_v matter_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n in_o south_n wales_n return_v to_o north-wales_n have_v purchase_v very_o considerable_a honour_n and_o esteem_v for_o his_o martial_a achievement_n in_o this_o expedition_n and_o now_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v and_o the_o welsh_a in_o good_a hope_n of_o a_o durable_a freedom_n from_o all_o trouble_n and_o hostility_n another_o accident_n unhappy_o fall_v out_o to_o cross_v their_o expectation_n lewis_n the_o dauphin_n perceive_v the_o english_a baron_n to_o slight_a and_o forsake_v he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n henry_n and_o return_v to_o france_n and_o then_o the_o baron_n the_o king_n promise_v to_o answer_v all_o their_o request_n and_o to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n make_v their_o submission_n without_o include_v the_o welsh_a in_o their_o article_n they_o have_v all_o this_o while_n glad_o embrace_v the_o friendship_n and_o aid_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o now_o upon_o their_o reconciliation_n to_o the_o king_n think_v they_o have_v no_o far_o need_v of_o he_o they_o very_o base_o forsake_v he_o who_o have_v be_v the_o principal_a support_n and_o succour_n of_o their_o cause_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o they_o conspire_v together_o to_o convert_v their_o arm_n against_o wales_n think_v they_o can_v without_o any_o breach_n of_o equity_n or_o conscience_n take_v away_o the_o land_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o make_v addition_n to_o what_o some_o of_o they_o have_v already_o unjust_o possess_v themselves_o of_o william_n martial_a earl_n of_o pembroke_n open_v the_o scene_n and_o come_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o welsh_a take_v the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_n but_o he_o
the_o main_a land_n with_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v maenai_n and_o have_v in_o itself_o three_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o which_o be_v subdivide_v to_o six_o comot_n as_o cantref_o aberffraw_n to_o comot_n lhion_n and_o comot_n malheraâ—th_v cantref_n cemais_n to_o the_o comot_n taliboâ—ion_n and_o twr_fw-mi celyn_n cantref_o rossyr_n to_o the_o comot_n tyndaethwy_a and_o maenai_n and_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v a_o â—ine_z town_n in_o that_o isle_n call_v bewmoris_n and_o a_o common_a passage_n to_o ireland_n at_o caergybi_n call_v in_o english_a holyhead_n but_o here_o i_o can_v wink_v at_o that_o notable_a error_n of_o polydore_n which_o after_o his_o accustom_a fashion_n deni_v this_o isle_n to_o be_v call_v môna_n but_o anglesia_fw-la or_o anglorum_fw-la insula_fw-la because_o it_o be_v call_v in_o english_a anglesey_n and_o give_v this_o name_n môna_n to_o man_n and_o so_o have_v lose_v the_o name_n of_o both_o isle_n which_o ignorance_n and_o forgetfulness_n may_v be_v forgive_v he_o if_o he_o have_v not_o draw_v a_o great_a number_n to_o this_o error_n with_o he_o which_o in_o their_o charter_n do_v daily_a wrong_n name_v these_o isle_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o prove_v first_o because_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n do_v know_v none_o other_o name_n but_o môn_n and_o it_o be_v call_v through_o all_o wales_n tir_v môn_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o land_n of_o môn_n unto_o this_o day_n so_o that_o neither_o by_o memory_n of_o man_n neither_o by_o any_o monument_n in_o write_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n can_v it_o appear_v that_o ever_o it_o have_v any_o other_o name_n but_o môn_n yet_o there_o be_v manifest_a monument_n for_o these_o â—000_n year_n it_o be_v also_o grow_v to_o a_o proverb_n through_o wales_n for_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o ground_n môn_a mam_n gymry_n â—hat_n be_v to_o say_v môn_a mother_n of_o wales_n the_o ancient_a history_n of_o cornelius_n tacitus_n which_o be_v like_o age_n have_v beat_v out_o of_o polydor_n head_n say_v that_o the_o soldier_n of_o paulinus_n suetonius_n and_o afterward_o of_o julius_n agricola_n after_o they_o have_v pass_v through_o north-wales_n then_o come_v over_o against_o môna_n where_o they_o do_v swim_v over_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o 200_o pace_n and_o so_o by_o force_n win_v the_o isle_n now_o whether_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a thus_o to_o swim_v over_o 200_o pace_n or_o 20_o mile_n i_o know_v there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o believe_v polydore_n in_o this_o point_n i_o see_v all_o man_n therefore_o judge_v the_o rest_n as_o for_o that_o which_o he_o say_v of_o the_o great_a wood_n it_o be_v nothing_o for_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o after_o when_o the_o christian_a faith_n take_v place_n in_o this_o realm_n the_o christian_n do_v fall_v and_o root_v they_o out_o for_o the_o idolatry_n and_o absurd_a religion_n which_o be_v use_v there_o that_o the_o king_n 〈◊〉_d man_n send_v for_o timber_n to_o môn_n read_v the_o life_n of_o hugâ—_n earl_n of_o chester_n which_o also_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o greaâ—_n beech_n and_o other_o tree_n find_v in_o the_o earth_n at_o these_o day_n his_o other_o reason_n be_v because_o it_o be_v call_v anglesey_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n so_o be_v lhoyger_n england_n and_o cambry_n wales_n be_v those_o therefore_o the_o old_a name_n no_o sure_o and_o what_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o so_o as_o they_o do_v not_o have_v it_o not_o a_o namâ—_n before_o the_o angles_n win_v it_o yes_o i_o warrant_v you_o bâ—_n he_o have_v forget_v that_o now_o to_o the_o name_n of_o man_n 〈◊〉_d be_v ever_o or_o at_o the_o least_o these_o 1000_o year_n name_v iâ—_n british_n manaw_n of_o which_o come_v the_o english_a name_n man._n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o call_v it_o so_o and_o 〈◊〉_d nation_n about_o it_o do_v ever_o call_v it_o môn_o no_o nor_o any_o writer_n but_o polydore_n which_o be_v too_o young_a a_o god_n father_n to_o name_n so_o old_a a_o child_n for_o gildas_n who_o write_v above_o 900_o year_n pass_v who_o write_n polydor_z never_o see_v but_o untrue_o father_n upon_o he_o his_o own_o devise_n giraldus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o ireland_n to_o henrâ—_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n huntingdon_n do_v plain_o caâ—â—_n man_n in_o latin_a eubâ—nia_n add_v thereto_o either_o manâ—â—_n or_o man_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o name_n will_v you_o believe_v they_o or_o polydore_n other_o argument_n there_o be_v which_o i_o will_v pass_v over_o till_o i_o have_v more_o leisure_n and_o occasion_n to_o write_v of_o this_o matter_n arfon_n arfon_n the_o second_o part_n of_o north-wales_n be_v call_v arfoâ—_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v over_o against_o môn_n anâ—_n have_v in_o it_o four_o cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n cantref_o aber_n have_v in_o it_o three_o comot_n y_o lhechwedh-uchaf_a y_o lhechwedh-isaf_a and_o nant-conway_n cantref_o arfon_n have_v two_o comot_n ywch_v gwyrfai_n and_o isgwyrfai_n cantref_o dunodic_n have_v two_o comot_n ardudwy_n and_o efionyth_n cantref_o lhyn_n contain_v three_o comot_n cyâ—nytmayâ—_n tinlhayn_n and_o canologion_n this_o be_v now_o call_v caernarvonshire_n as_o môn_n be_v call_v angleseyshire_n and_o have_v the_o same_o division_n at_o this_o day_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v â—nowden-hills_n call_v eryri_n neither_o in_o height_n fertility_n of_o the_o ground_n wood_n cattle_n fish_n and_o fowl_n â—iving_v place_n to_o the_o famous_a alps_n and_o without_o controversy_n the_o strong_a country_n within_o britain_n here_o be_v the_o town_n of_o caernarâ—on_n call_v in_o the_o old_a â—ime_n caersegonce_n and_o there_o be_v also_o conwey_n call_v caerâ—yffyn_n and_o the_o see_v of_o bangâ—r_n with_o divers_a other_o ancient_a castle_n and_o place_n of_o memory_n and_o be_v the_o â—ast_a part_n of_o wales_n that_o come_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o â—he_n king_n of_o england_n it_o have_v on_o the_o north_n the_o sea_n use_v maenai_n upon_o the_o east_n and_o south_n east_n the_o river_n â—onwey_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o denbigh_n shire_n although_o â—t_a now_o pass_v the_o river_n in_o one_o place_n by_o the_o seashore_n and_o on_o the_o south-west_n and_o west_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o merionyth_n by_o high_a mountain_n and_o river_n and_o other_o mere_n the_o three_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v merionyth_n contain_v three_o cantred_n merionyth_n merionyth_n and_o every_o cantre_v three_o coâ—ots_n as_o cantref_o meyreon_n have_v three_o comot_n talyhont_n pennal_n and_o ystumane_a cantref_o aâ—ustly_o have_v these_o vwchoâ—ed_v iscoed_n and_o â—warthrenion_n cantref_o paâ—lhyn_n have_v these_o vwchmeloch_n ismeloch_n â—nd_v micuâ—ins_n and_o this_o keep_v the_o say_a name_n till_o this_o â—ay_n but_o not_o within_o the_o same_o mere_n and_o be_v full_a of_o hill_n â—nd_v rock_n and_o have_v upon_o the_o north_n the_o sea_n notable_a â—t_a this_o day_n for_o the_o great_a resort_n and_o number_n of_o people_n â—hat_n repair_v thither_o to_o take_v herring_n it_o have_v upon_o â—he_n east_n arfon_n and_o denbighland_n upon_o the_o south_n powy_n and_o upon_o the_o west_n dyfi_n and_o cardiganshire_n in_o this_o country_n stand_v the_o town_n of_o harlech_n tegyd_a tegyd_a and_o 〈◊〉_d great_a lake_n call_v lhyn-tegyd_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi run_v and_o mingle_v not_o with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n which_o be_v three_o mile_n long_o and_o also_o the_o salmon_n which_o be_v common_o take_v in_o the_o river_n â—ard_v by_o the_o lake_n be_v never_o see_v to_o enter_v the_o lake_n likewise_o a_o kind_n of_o fish_n call_v gwyniay_v which_o be_v like_o â—o_o whiting_n and_o be_v full_a in_o the_o lake_n be_v never_o take_v â—n_o the_o river_n not_o far_o from_o this_o lake_n be_v a_o place_n call_v caergay_n which_o be_v the_o house_n of_o gay_a arthur_n foster-brother_n this_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o arfon_n be_v full_a of_o cattle_n fowl_n and_o fish_n with_o great_a number_n of_o red_a deer_n and_o roe_n but_o there_o be_v great_a scarcity_n of_o corn._n berfedhwlad_a y_fw-fr berfedhwlad_a the_o four_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v y_o berfedhwlad_a which_o may_v be_v english_v the_o inland_n or_o middle_a country_n which_o contain_v five_o cantrede_n and_o thirteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o rhyfonioc_n have_v in_o it_o these_o comot_n vwchalet_n and_o isales_n cantref_o ystrad_n have_v hiraethoâ—_n and_o cynineiroh_n cantref_o rhos_n these_o vwchdulas_n isdulas_n and_o crouthyn_n all_o which_o be_v in_o the_o lordship_n of_o denbigh_n save_v the_o creuthyn_n which_o be_v in_o caernarvon_n shire_n wherein_o the_o castle_n of_o dyganwy_n do_v stand_v which_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o be_v common_o call_v in_o the_o latin_a and_o english_a chronicle_n gannoe_n clwyd_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n the_o four_o cantref_n be_v dyffryn_n clwyd_n which_o may_v be_v english_v the_o valley_n of_o clwyd_n and_o now_o be_v call_v the_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n
from_o the_o injury_n of_o their_o barbarous_a enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v transporteâ—_n into_o gaul_n back_o return_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o have_v by_o a_o desperate_a assault_n pass_v the_o wall_n pursue_v the_o britain_n with_o a_o more_o dreadful_a and_o bloody_a slaughter_n than_o former_o the_o britain_n perceive_v their_o condition_n most_o desperate_a once_o more_o send_v their_o miserabâ—â—_n complaint_n to_o ætiâ—s_n in_o these_o tragical_a word_n 〈◊〉_d aetius_n thrice_o consul_n the_o groan_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o baâ—barians_n drive_v we_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n drive_v we_o bâ—â—â—_n to_o they_o and_o so_o distract_v betwixt_o two_o death_n we_o 〈◊〉_d either_o drown_v or_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n but_o they_o solicit_v to_o no_o purpose_n the_o roman_n have_v already_o bid_v absolute_a farewell_n to_o britain_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v crum_o oppress_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o other_o barbarous_a â—_z be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n possible_a to_o assist_v theâ—_n the_o britain_n therefore_o find_v themselves_o absolute_a forsake_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o conceive_v it_o utter_o impracticable_a to_o drive_v away_o the_o barbarian_n by_o their_o owâ—_n strength_n see_v it_o urgent_o necessary_a to_o call_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o some_o foreign_a nation_n who_o labour_n in_o repel_v their_o enemy_n shall_v be_v grateful_o and_o satisfactory_o reward_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o british_a nation_n be_v at_o this_o time_n so_o weak_a and_o impotent_a and_o so_o manifest_o unable_a to_o withstand_v these_o barbarous_a enemy_n who_o be_v far_o inferior_a as_o to_o extent_n of_o country_n and_o probable_o in_o number_n of_o people_n may_v in_o great_a measure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ease_n and_o quietness_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v under_o the_o roman_a government_n for_o whilst_o the_o roman_a legion_n continue_v in_o britain_n they_o ever_o undertake_v the_o security_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o so_o that_o the_o britain_n heretofore_o be_v little_o concern_v at_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o strength_n and_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n insomuch_o that_o within_o a_o while_n they_o fall_v into_o a_o fit_a of_o luxury_n and_o effeminacy_n and_o quick_o forget_v that_o martial_a prowness_n and_o military_a conduct_n which_o their_o ancestor_n so_o famous_o excel_v in_o for_o after_o their_o entire_a subjection_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n they_o have_v little_a or_o no_o opportunity_n to_o experience_n their_o valour_n except_v in_o some_o homebred_a commotion_n excite_v by_o the_o aspire_a ambition_n of_o some_o malcontented_n general_n which_o be_v quick_o compose_v and_o reduce_v to_o nothing_o and_o after_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n grow_v formidable_a and_o dare_v venture_v to_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o roman_a province_n the_o britain_n be_v the_o least_o concern_v in_o oppose_v they_o leave_v that_o to_o the_o care_n and_o vigilancy_n of_o the_o roman_a garrison_n and_o this_o easiness_n and_o supinity_n of_o the_o britain_n may_v not_o be_v untrue_o attribute_v to_o the_o policy_n of_o the_o roman_a constitution_n for_o when_o the_o britain_n be_v bring_v subject_a to_o the_o empire_n the_o first_o thing_n the_o roman_n effect_v towards_o the_o confirmation_n of_o their_o obedience_n be_v to_o take_v the_o sword_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n they_o be_v sensible_a how_o bold_a and_o valorous_a the_o britain_n natural_o be_v how_o unlike_a to_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o a_o foreign_a yoke_n and_o therefore_o they_o find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o obtain_v a_o quiet_a possession_n of_o this_o province_n as_o long_o as_o the_o britain_n have_v power_n and_o opportunity_n to_o oppose_v they_o this_o course_n they_o find_v very_o effectual_a and_o when_o they_o have_v once_o lull_v they_o asleep_o they_o be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o rouse_v and_o awaken_v they_o the_o britain_n also_o might_n possible_o be_v too_o much_o take_v with_o this_o sedentary_a and_o unactive_a life_n and_o as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v secure_a under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n they_o little_o fear_v their_o country_n will_v become_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o barbarous_a nation_n no_o one_o will_v have_v imagine_v that_o that_o glorious_a empire_n will_v be_v so_o soon_o crush_v to_o piece_n which_o can_v not_o otherwise_o be_v effect_v than_o by_o the_o insupportable_a pressure_n of_o its_o own_o weight_n this_o apprehension_n of_o the_o greatness_n and_o strength_n of_o the_o roman_n make_v the_o britain_n probable_o less_o solicitous_a of_o enable_v themselves_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n not_o think_v they_o will_v ever_o forsake_v and_o relinquish_v the_o province_n of_o britain_n but_o to_o their_o sorrow_n they_o experience_v the_o contrary_a the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n elsewhere_o require_v the_o help_n of_o the_o british_a legion_n so_o that_o they_o be_v leave_v expose_v to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o northern_a invader_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o recover_v any_o power_n or_o conduct_v to_o oppose_v they_o for_o have_v not_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n come_v on_o so_o forcible_o at_o first_o but_o have_v give_v time_n to_o the_o britain_n to_o shake_v off_o that_o lethargy_n they_o have_v for_o many_o year_n be_v bury_v in_o and_o to_o renew_v their_o ancient_a discipline_n and_o vigour_n there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_n see_v they_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v able_a to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o any_o opposition_n and_o likely_a have_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o their_o whole_a country_n to_o this_o time_n but_o next_o to_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o its_o too_o much_o luxury_n and_o effeminacy_n and_o to_o the_o universal_a lapse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n into_o a_o aversion_n of_o a_o military_a action_n and_o martial_a discipline_n for_o though_o a_o continue_a peace_n be_v in_o itself_o desirable_a yet_o oftentimes_o nothing_o tend_v more_o to_o the_o future_a ruin_n and_o downfall_n of_o a_o nation_n for_o peace_n beget_v in_o man_n general_o a_o habit_n of_o looseness_n and_o debauchery_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o many_o notorious_a extravagancy_n and_o vicious_a practice_n which_o weaken_v their_o hand_n and_o cool_v their_o courage_n and_o greatness_n of_o mind_n so_o that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o open_a danger_n they_o be_v uncapable_a to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unfit_a to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n scarce_o any_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n be_v subvert_v but_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o be_v usher_v in_o by_o these_o mean_n witness_v the_o assyrian_a under_o sardanapalus_n the_o persian_a under_o darius_n and_o the_o egyptian_a under_o cleopatra_n so_o that_o it_o be_v most_o prudent_o urge_v by_o a_o roman_a senator_n that_o carthage_n may_v not_o be_v demolish_v lest_o that_o for_o want_v of_o a_o enemy_n abroad_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n may_v degenerate_v and_o their_o conduct_n be_v forget_v have_v the_o britain_n have_v the_o fortune_n to_o be_v continual_o in_o action_n and_o not_o exchange_v their_o courage_n and_o discipline_n for_o ease_n and_o laziness_n they_o have_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o dread_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n nor_o any_o need_n of_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o affair_n then_o require_v it_o and_o help_v must_v be_v have_v or_o else_o their_o country_n must_v unavoidable_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o those_o northern_a invader_n to_o prevent_v therefore_o and_o repel_v their_o violence_n king_n vâ—rtigern_n hold_v a_o council_n of_o his_o great_a man_n and_o noble_n where_o it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o britain_n to_o invite_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o their_o aid_n who_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v glad_o embrace_v the_o opportunity_n by_o reason_n that_o their_o own_o country_n be_v grow_v too_o scanty_a for_o their_o superfluous_a number_n this_o message_n of_o the_o britain_n however_o original_o deliver_v be_v by_o a_o ancient_a saxon_a writer_n repeat_v in_o this_o manner_n most_o noble_a saxon_n the_o miserable_a britain_n shatter_v and_o quite_o wear_v out_o by_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o your_o many_o signal_n victory_n have_v send_v we_o to_o you_o humble_o request_v that_o you_o will_v assist_v they_o at_o this_o juncture_n a_o land_n large_a and_o spacious_a abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n they_o give_v up_o entire_o to_o your_o disposal_n hitherto_o we_o have_v live_v happy_o under_o the_o government_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_n next_o to_o the_o roman_n we_o know_v none_o of_o great_a valour_n than_o yourselves_o and_o therefore_o in_o your_o arm_n do_v now_o seek_v refuge_n
death_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n to_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o hâ—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v honourable_o dismiss_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o â—ruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n himself_o with_o his_o brother_n tosty_o â—iled_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v into_o south-wales_n â—hich_v they_o destroy_v after_o that_o manner_n that_o the_o welsh_a be_v glad_a to_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o afore-time_o â—hey_n be_v use_v to_o pay_v gruffydh_n hear_v of_o the_o inâ—lencies_n of_o the_o english_a in_o south_n wales_n make_v all_o posâ—â—ble_a haste_n and_o preparation_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o all_o 〈◊〉_d no_o purpose_n harold_n have_v already_o treacherous_o â—â—ed_v some_o of_o gruffydh_n near_a friend_n to_o murder_n 〈◊〉_d who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n execute_v their_o â—icked_a design_n and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o harold_n gruffydh_n be_v dead_a harold_n by_o king_n edward_n order_n â—â—pointed_v meredith_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n and_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n and_o rywaâ—hon_n the_o son_n of_o coffin_n brother_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o who_o proâ—ably_o for_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o that_o noble_a prince_n this_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lheâ—â—â—yn_fw-mi enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o four_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a verâ—â—â—_n both_o wise_a and_o valiant_a belove_v of_o his_o subject_n â—nd_v formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o behave_v himself_o great_a and_o princely_a and_o have_v demand_v his_o country_n so_o brave_o against_o all_o foreign_a opposition_n he_o be_v far_o unworthy_a of_o that_o treacherous_a â—nd_n cruel_a death_n which_o his_o unkind_a subject_n and_o unnatural_a friend_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o leave_v issue_n â—ut_v â—â—e_v daughter_n call_v nest_n abuse_v first_o by_o fleaâ—ceâ—on_n â—on_z of_o bâ—ncho_n and_o afterward_o marry_v to_o trahaern_a â—p_n caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n after_o the_o deplorable_a murder_n of_o prince_n gruffyâ—â—_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o accord_v to_o some_o be_v son_n to_o howel_n dha_n do_v take_v 〈◊〉_d on_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_a and_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n the_o son_n of_o confyn_n hâ—â—_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n as_o descend_v from_o augboâ—_n daughter_n to_o meredith_n sometime_o prince_n of_o walâ—â—_n enter_v upon_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n câ—â—â—â—_n the_o son_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o that_o croâ—â—_n be_v then_o with_o his_o father-in-law_n in_o ireland_n tâ—â—_n partition_n of_o wales_n fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o expectation_n of_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n who_o bâ—ing_v the_o chief_a promoter_n of_o harold_n make_v a_o â—â—pedition_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewolyn_n make_v no_o qâ—stion_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n â—â—case_n gruffydh_n get_v the_o worse_a but_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o harold_n be_v sensible_a of_o caradoc_n subtlety_n aâ—â—_n knavery_n and_o doubt_v whether_o if_o he_o be_v maâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n he_o can_v obtain_v a_o certain_a lode-ship_n nigh_o hereford_n which_o he_o have_v a_o long_a mindâ—_n make_v a_o composition_n with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n for_o 〈◊〉_d say_v lordship_n and_o create_v he_o prince_n of_o south-wales_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a banish_a caradoc_n out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d country_n harold_n have_v obtain_v his_o request_n buâ—_n a_o very_a magnificent_a house_n at_o a_o place_n call_v portasâ—â—_n in_o monmouth-shire_n and_o store_v it_o with_o great_a quantity_n of_o provision_n splendid_o entertain_v the_o king_n who_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o visit_n this_o be_v by_o a_o mean_n please_v to_o tofty_a to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o king_n thâ—â—_n himself_o and_o have_v conceal_v his_o displeasure_n for_o 〈◊〉_d time_n can_v not_o forbear_v at_o length_n but_o discover_v 〈◊〉_d grievance_n for_o one_o day_n at_o windsor_n while_o harâ—â—_n reach_v the_o cup_n to_o king_n edward_n tosty_o ready_a to_o burâ—_n for_o envy_n that_o his_o brother_n be_v so_o much_o respect_v beyond_o himself_o can_v not_o refrain_v to_o run_v furious_o upon_o he_o and_o pull_v he_o by_o the_o hair_n drag_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n for_o which_o unmannerly_a action_n the_o king_n forbid_v he_o the_o court_n but_o he_o with_o continue_a rancour_n and_o malice_n ride_v to_o hereford_n where_o harold_n have_v many_o servant_n prepare_v a_o entertainment_n for_o the_o king_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o his_o follower_n â—â—opped_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o leg_n of_o some_o the_o arm_n and_o head_n of_o other_o and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o king_n be_v drink_v and_o at_o his_o departure_n charge_v the_o servant_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o of_o other_o fresh_a meat_n he_o may_v carry_v with_o he_o what_o he_o please_v but_o for_o â—ince_n he_o shall_v find_v plenty_n provide_v ready_a for_o he_o for_o which_o barbarous_a offence_n the_o king_n pronounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o he_o but_o saradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi give_v a_o finish_v stroke_n to_o harold_n house_n and_o the_o king_n entertainment_n at_o portascyth_n for_o come_v thither_o short_o after_o tosty_n departure_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o harold_n he_o kill_v all_o the_o workman_n and_o labourer_n with_o all_o the_o servant_n he_o can_v find_v and_o utter_o deface_v the_o building_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o costly_a material_n which_o with_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n have_v be_v bring_v thither_o to_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v the_o structure_n soon_o after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o two_o brother_n harold_n and_o tosty_o who_o bear_v a_o uncontrollable_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v use_v to_o practice_v most_o hellish_a villainy_n to_o encompass_v any_o man_n estate_n that_o displease_v they_o in_o a_o tumult_n at_o york_n beset_v the_o palace_n of_o tosty_o and_o have_v pillage_v his_o treasure_n â—â—ew_n all_o his_o family_n as_o well_o englishman_n as_o dane_n then_o adjoin_v to_o themselves_o the_o people_n of_o lincoln_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n shire_n they_o elect_a marcher_n the_o son_n of_o earl_n algar_n their_o general_n to_o who_o come_v his_o brother_n edwin_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o force_n â—nd_v a_o great_a party_n of_o welsh_a man_n then_o they_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o northampton_n where_o harold_n meet_v they_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o know_v their_o demand_n to_o who_o they_o lay_v open_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o cruelty_n of_o tosty_n government_n and_o at_o last_o with_o a_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o admit_v he_o again_o desire_v that_o marcher_n shall_v be_v appoint_v earl_n over_o they_o which_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o reasonable_a complaint_n of_o injury_n do_v by_o tosty_o easy_o grant_v and_o willing_o confirm_v marcher_n title_n whereupon_o they_o peaceable_o return_v back_o to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o several_a prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n get_v in_o this_o expedition_n return_v to_o wales_n a.d._n 1066_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n edward_z die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o westminster_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o from_o cerdic_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v continue_v 544_o and_o from_o egbert_n the_o first_o monarch_n 171_o year_n edward_n be_v dead_a the_o next_o debate_n be_v about_o a_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n edgar_n edeling_n be_v set_v up_o by_o some_o as_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o harold_n as_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n much_o wealthy_a and_o better_o befriend_v present_o thwart_v and_o bring_v matter_n so_o cunning_o about_o that_o himself_o be_v choose_v king_n without_o any_o regard_n observe_v to_o the_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n duke_n william_n upon_o notice_n of_o harold_n advancement_n how_o that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n between_o they_o convene_v together_o his_o noble_n and_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v be_v have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o harold_n as_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n alfred_n the_o banishment_n of_o archbishop_n robert_n earl_n odan_n and_o all_o the_o norman_n and_o last_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o
upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o it_o but_o the_o norman_n in_o rydcors_n castle_n be_v sensible_a that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n in_o open_a field_n after_o their_o accustom_a manner_n begin_v to_o put_v that_o in_o execution_n by_o treachery_n which_o they_o can_v not_o compass_v by_o force_n of_o arms._n and_o how_o to_o make_v howel_n a_o sacrifice_n to_o those_o norman_n he_o have_v late_o slay_v they_o can_v find_v no_o safe_a way_n than_o by_o corrupt_v one_o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n a_o man_n in_o great_a favour_n and_o esteem_v with_o howel_n upon_o the_o account_n chief_o that_o one_o of_o his_o child_n be_v nurse_v by_o gwgan_n wife_n this_o ungrateful_a villain_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o wicked_a intrigue_n the_o more_o unsuspected_a give_v howel_n a_o very_a earnest_a invitation_n to_o his_o house_n to_o a_o merriment_n where_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n be_v come_v he_o be_v welcome_v with_o all_o the_o seem_a affection_n and_o kindness_n imaginable_a but_o no_o soon_o be_v he_o settle_v a.d._n 1103_o but_o gwgan_n give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o norman_a garrison_n and_o therefore_o by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o enter_v the_o town_n and_o come_v about_o the_o house_n where_o howel_n lie_v in_o bed_n they_o present_o give_v a_o great_a shout_n howel_n hear_v the_o noise_n suspect_v something_o of_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o leap_v in_o all_o haste_n out_o of_o bed_n he_o make_v to_o his_o weapon_n but_o can_v not_o find_v they_o by_o reason_n that_o gwgan_n have_v convey_v they_o away_o whilst_o he_o be_v asleep_a and_o now_o be_v assure_v of_o treachery_n in_o the_o case_n and_o find_v that_o his_o man_n have_v flee_v for_o their_o life_n he_o endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n but_o gwgan_n and_o his_o company_n be_v too_o quick_a for_o he_o and_o so_o be_v secure_v they_o strangle_v he_o and_o deliver_v his_o body_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v cut_v off_o his_o head_n convey_v it_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n this_o most_o villainous_a murder_n so_o barbarous_o commit_v upon_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o king_n henry_n be_v so_o unreasonable_o prejudice_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n that_o whatever_o misdemeanour_n be_v it_o of_o never_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n be_v by_o they_o commit_v it_o be_v present_o wink_v at_o and_o let_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n whereas_o if_o the_o welsh_a trespass_v but_o against_o the_o least_o injunction_n of_o the_o king_n law_n they_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o afterward_o stand_v up_o against_o the_o king_n in_o their_o own_o defence_n be_v by_o experience_n assure_v that_o he_o mind_v nothing_o more_o than_o their_o utter_a destruction_n about_o this_o time_n anselm_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n convene_v a_o synod_n at_o london_n wherein_o among_o other_o injunction_n then_o decree_v the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v enjoin_v marriage_n be_v before_o ever_o allow_v of_o in_o britain_n to_o they_o in_o holy_a order_n but_o this_o new_a injunction_n create_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o heat_n and_o animosity_n among_o the_o clergy_n some_o approve_v of_o it_o as_o reasonable_a and_o orthodoxical_a other_o condemn_v it_o as_o a_o innovation_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a letter_n of_o scripture_n but_o during_o these_o dispute_n between_o the_o clergy_n king_n henry_n be_v now_o in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n sail_v over_o with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o normandy_n where_o his_o brother_n robert_n together_o with_o robert_n de_fw-fr belesmo_n arnulph_n and_o william_n earl_n of_o mortaign_n give_v he_o battle_n but_o the_o king_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n take_v the_o duke_n his_o brother_n with_o william_n of_o mortaign_n prisoner_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o england_n he_o cause_v first_o his_o brother_n robert_n eye_n to_o be_v pluck_v out_o and_o then_o condemn_v they_o a.d._n 1104_o both_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o cardyff_fw-mi about_o the_o same_o time_n meyric_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n be_v both_o slay_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o have_v be_v prisoner_n for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o england_n now_o break_v open_v the_o prison_n wherein_o he_o be_v very_o narrow_o confine_v and_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n have_v his_o estate_n restore_v which_o afterward_o he_o quiet_o enjoy_v a.d._n 1105_o the_o next_o year_n a_o very_a dismal_a and_o calamitous_a accident_n happen_v in_o the_o low-countries_n prove_v very_o incommodious_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o welsh_a for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o flanders_n be_v drown_v by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v compel_v d_o to_o seek_v for_o some_o other_o country_n to_o dwell_v in_o their_o own_o be_v now_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o therefore_o a_o great_a many_o be_v come_v over_o to_o england_n they_o request_v of_o king_n henry_n to_o assign_v they_o some_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v empty_a and_o void_a of_o inhabitant_n where_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o plant_v themselves_o the_o king_n take_v advantage_n of_o this_o charitable_a opportunity_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n assure_v that_o these_o fleming_n will_v be_v a_o considerable_a thorn_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o welsh_a bestow_v upon_o they_o very_o liberal_o what_o be_v not_o just_o in_o his_o power_n to_o give_v and_o appoint_v they_o the_o country_n of_o ros_n in_o dyfed_a or_o west-wales_n where_o they_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n but_o gerald_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o those_o part_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v aforehand_o with_o they_o and_o rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o pembrock_n in_o a_o place_n call_v congarth_n fechan_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o family_n and_o all_o his_o good_n 1106._o a._n d._n 1106._o but_o here_o a_o very_a unfortunate_a accident_n happen_v to_o he_o for_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n have_v prepare_v a_o sumptuous_a feast_n in_o the_o christmas_n invite_v all_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o countryhouse_n in_o dyfed_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n his_o son_n owen_n who_o live_v in_o powy_n this_o young_a gentleman_n be_v at_o his_o father_n house_n and_o hear_v nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n universal_o praise_v for_o her_o incomparable_a beauty_n be_v so_o smite_v with_o the_o rumour_n that_o go_v abroad_o of_o she_o that_o by_o all_o mean_v he_o must_v see_v the_o lady_n who_o be_v by_o all_o so_o much_o admire_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o gwladys_n wife_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n and_o mother_n to_o nest_n be_v the_o daughter_n of_o râ—walhon_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n cousin-german_a to_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o relation_n he_o make_v bold_a to_o pay_v she_o a_o visit_n but_o find_v the_o truth_n far_o to_o surpass_v the_o fame_n that_o go_v of_o she_o he_o return_v home_o so_o inflame_v with_o her_o charm_n that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o mastery_n over_o himself_o he_o go_v back_o again_o the_o very_a same_o night_n and_o be_v attend_v by_o a_o company_n of_o wild_a headstrong_a youth_n they_o privy_o enter_v into_o the_o castle_n and_o encompass_v the_o chamber_n about_o where_o gerald_n and_o his_o wife_n lie_v they_o set_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n gerald_n hear_v a_o noise_n will_v fain_o go_v out_o to_o know_v the_o meaning_n of_o such_o unseasonable_a disturbance_n but_o his_o wife_n fear_v some_o treachery_n persuade_v he_o to_o make_v as_o private_a a_o escape_n as_o he_o can_v and_o then_o pull_v up_o a_o board_n in_o the_o privy_a let_v he_o go_v that_o way_n then_o return_v to_o her_o chamber_n she_o will_v fain_o assure_v those_o notorious_a youth_n that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n beside_o herself_o and_o child_n there_o but_o this_o be_v not_o satifactory_a they_o forcible_o break_v in_o and_o have_v search_v every_o the_o most_o private_a corner_n and_o not_o find_v gerald_n they_o take_v his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n with_o a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n bear_v by_o a_o concubine_n and_o carry_v they_o away_o to_o powy_n have_v first_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o castle_n and_o destroy_v the_o country_n as_o they_o go_v along_o cadwgan_n owen_n father_n hear_v of_o what_o outrageous_a crime_n his_o son_n have_v commit_v be_v exceed_o concern_v and_o sorry_a chief_o because_o hereby_o he_o be_v like_a to_o incur_v king_n henry_n great_a displeasure_n and_o therefore_o he_o go_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o powy_n and_o desire_v his_o son_n with_o all_o entreaty_n to_o send_v home_o to_o gerald_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n with_o whatever_o else_o he_o have_v take_v
each_o other_o but_o a.d._n 1142_o short_o after_o this_o a_o irreconcilable_a difference_n fall_v out_o betwixt_o anarawd_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n cadwallader_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n which_o from_o word_n quick_o proceed_v to_o blow_n in_o this_o scuffle_n anarawd_n be_v unhappy_o slay_v which_o so_o exasperate_v prince_n owen_n against_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n that_o together_o with_o his_o son_n howel_n he_o march_v with_o a_o army_n into_o his_o brother_n country_n and_o after_o a_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n cadwallader_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o prince_n owen_n approach_n withdraw_v himself_o and_o flee_v to_o ireland_n where_o have_v hire_v a_o great_a number_n of_o irish_a and_o scots_a for_o two_o thousand_o mark_n under_o the_o command_n of_o octer_n and_o the_o son_n of_o turkel_n and_o cherulf_n he_o strike_v sail_n for_o wales_n and_o land_v at_o abermenay_n in_o carnarvonshire_n the_o prince_n to_o protract_v no_o time_n march_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o prevent_v their_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o a_o peace_n be_v happy_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o brother_n the_o irish_a understanding_n this_o and_o how_o that_o their_o come_n over_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v but_o a_o fool_n be_v errant_a to_o they_o they_o surprise_v and_o secure_v cadwallader_n till_o their_o wage_n and_o arrear_n be_v pay_v who_o to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v to_o they_o two_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n beside_o many_o prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o country_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v inform_v that_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n be_v set_v loose_a without_o any_o far_a demur_n upon_o the_o case_n he_o fall_v in_o upon_o the_o irish_a and_o have_v slay_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o they_o recover_v all_o the_o booty_n they_o purpose_v to_o ship_v off_o and_o force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o return_v with_o great_a loss_n and_o a_o great_a shame_n back_o to_o ireland_n but_o the_o norman_n speed_v far_o better_a in_o wales_n hugh_n son_n to_o radulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n have_v fortify_v his_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n set_v upon_o and_o win_v the_o country_n of_o melienyth_n a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o clun_n be_v fortify_v by_o another_o lord_n all_o eluel_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n take_v geoffrey_n mandeville_n prisoner_n at_o s._n alban_n where_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o slip_n of_o his_o horse_n be_v like_a to_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o river_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o mandeville_n to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v up_o to_o the_o king_n the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o walden_n and_o plassey_n which_o reduce_v he_o to_o that_o condition_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o live_v upon_o the_o plunder_n and_o spoil_n of_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n till_o at_o length_n he_o be_v slay_v in_o a_o skirmish_n against_o the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n banish_v the_o kingdom_n the_o next_o year_n a_o skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o hugh_n a.d._n 1144_o de_fw-fr mortimer_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v take_v prisoner_n with_o many_o other_o of_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v all_o commit_v to_o prison_n by_o the_o english_a but_o it_o fare_v much_o better_o with_o howel_n and_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n who_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n at_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v place_v a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n return_v home_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o much_o booty_n about_o the_o same_o time_n sulien_n ap_fw-mi rhythmarch_n one_o of_o the_o college_n of_o lhanbadarn_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a read_n and_o extensive_a learning_n depart_v this_o life_n short_o after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n come_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v hugh_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1145_o likewise_o slay_v meyric_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n ap_fw-mi bleddu_n and_o meredic_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n and_o so_o far_o it_o go_v of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o english_a but_o now_o the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o gain_v ground_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n belong_v to_o earl_n gilbert_n which_o be_v surrender_v up_o cadelh_n assist_v by_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n bring_v his_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n which_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n yield_v in_o like_a manner_n reserve_v only_o this_o one_o condition_n that_o the_o garrison_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o he_o march_v to_o lhanstephan_n and_o set_v before_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n come_v with_o their_o force_n be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v and_o so_o the_o castle_n be_v easy_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o norman_n be_v so_o cruel_o nettle_v at_o this_o that_o they_o muster_v up_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v possible_o draw_v together_o out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n and_o unexpected_o surround_v the_o castle_n intend_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o recover_v the_o same_o but_o the_o governor_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o man_n of_o great_a year_n and_o no_o less_o experience_n so_o animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o besiege_v that_o when_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n venture_v to_o scale_v the_o wall_n they_o be_v bear_v back_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o side_n that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o leave_v the_o welsh_a in_o possession_n of_o the_o castle_n short_o after_o this_o run_v the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n a_o youth_n of_o excellent_a hope_n and_o incomparable_a qualification_n dye_v who_o death_n his_o father_n take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o for_o some_o time_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v past_o all_o comfort_n be_v fall_v into_o such_o a_o melancholy_a disposition_n that_o he_o be_v divert_v with_o nothing_o but_o retirement_n but_o a_o accident_n fall_v out_o which_o rouse_v he_o out_o of_o this_o lethargical_a fit_a of_o sorrow_n and_o discontent_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n be_v so_o very_o strong_a and_o well_o garrison_v by_o the_o english_a that_o it_o mighty_o annoy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o have_v be_v frequent_o besiege_v but_o can_v never_o be_v take_v prince_n owen_n at_o this_o time_n levy_v a_o army_n and_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o it_o and_o the_o garrison_n for_o several_a assault_n behave_v itself_o so_o manful_o that_o the_o place_n seem_v impregnable_a and_o invincible_a but_o the_o presence_n and_o example_n of_o prince_n owen_n so_o encourage_v his_o man_n that_o they_o fall_v on_o with_o all_o possible_a vigour_n and_o may_v and_o at_o last_o force_v their_o entrance_n into_o the_o castle_n have_v put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v the_o rest_n prisoner_n the_o castle_n be_v raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o fortunate_a attempt_n so_o please_v the_o prince_n that_o he_o forget_v all_o sorrow_n for_o his_o son_n and_o return_v to_o his_o usual_a temper_n and_o accustom_a merriment_n at_o the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n of_o england_n obtain_v a_o remarkable_a victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n at_o farendon_n and_o although_o the_o ensue_a year_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o he_o be_v reconcile_v yet_o he_o think_v it_o more_o adviseable_a to_o detain_v he_o prisoner_n though_o contrary_a to_o his_o promise_n until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o earl_n will_v deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n of_o lincoln_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o his_o custody_n a.d._n 1146_o the_o next_o year_n cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n bring_v a_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n but_o find_v themselves_o too_o weak_a to_o master_v it_o they_o desire_v howel_n son_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n a_o person_n famous_o remarkable_a for_o martial_a endowment_n to_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n howel_n who_o be_v ever_o very_o desirous_a to_o signalise_v himself_o and_o to_o evidence_n his_o valour_n to_o the_o world_n ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n and_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o march_v direct_o towards_o
they_o place_v themselves_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n and_o when_o the_o game_n come_v that_o way_n they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a sports-man_n and_o have_v easy_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n fly_v away_o they_o wound_v cadelh_n so_o cruel_o that_o he_o narrow_o escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a who_o make_v shift_n to_o get_v home_o lay_v for_o a_o long_a time_n dangerous_o ill_a and_o with_o great_a difficulty_n at_o length_n recover_v his_o life_n upon_o this_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n pass_v with_o a_o army_n into_o gwyr_n and_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o they_o besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberlhychwr_n but_o find_v they_o can_v not_o keep_v it_o they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o that_o return_v home_o with_o great_a booty_n to_o dynefawr_n and_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o howel_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n fortify_v humphry_n castle_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o caletwr_n a.d._n 1151_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n prince_n owen_n do_v a_o very_a barbarous_a action_n to_o cunetha_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n son_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o young_a man_n shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o his_o father_n be_v right_a he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o afterward_o castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n who_o may_v some_o time_n or_o other_o renew_v their_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o cadwalhon_n estate_n this_o inhuman_a severity_n be_v succeed_v by_o another_o of_o no_o small_a remark_n lhewelyn_n son_n to_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n have_v watch_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v stephen_n the_o son_n of_o baldwin_n but_o cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n brother_n after_o a_o tedious_a imprisonment_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v through_o the_o malice_n and_o rancour_n of_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o length_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o fly_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n bring_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o island_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o prince_n owen_n hear_v how_o that_o his_o brother_n have_v get_v loose_a from_o custody_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o anglesey_n he_o present_o dispatch_v a_o army_n over_o which_o prove_v too_o formidable_a to_o cadwalader_n party_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o escape_v to_o england_n and_o to_o desire_v succour_n from_o his_o wife_n relation_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n this_o year_n galfrede_n arthur_n common_o call_v geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n simon_n archdeacon_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n in_o his_o country_n die_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1152_o of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o penwedic_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o howel_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o after_o great_a pain_n and_o considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n of_o their_o side_n at_o last_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o march_v by_o night_n to_o tenby_n and_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o one_o william_n fitzgerald_n be_v governor_n they_o scale_v the_o wall_n before_o the_o garrison_n be_v aware_a of_o any_o danger_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o castle_n they_o fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o garrison_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o further_o design_v to_o their_o brother_n cadelh_n for_o cadelh_n at_o this_o time_n be_v go_v upon_o a_o pilgrimage_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n have_v commit_v his_o whole_a inheritance_n and_o all_o other_o concern_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n but_o after_o the_o take_a tenby-castle_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o party_n with_o one_o of_o which_o rhys_n march_v to_o ystratcongen_n and_o after_o great_a havoc_n and_o waste_v commit_v there_o he_o pass_v to_o cyfeilioc_n which_o fare_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o ystratcongen_n meredith_n with_o the_o other_o party_n sit_v before_o aberavan-castle_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n win_v and_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o very_o considerable_a booty_n and_o many_o rich_a spoil_n about_o the_o same_o time_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o have_v live_v in_o continual_a enmity_n and_o frequent_a hostility_n with_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n hugh_n to_o enjoy_v both_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o to_o prosecute_v the_o feud_n and_o hostility_n against_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1153_o and_o short_o after_o die_v meredith_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n and_o dyfed_a be_v not_o pass_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o person_n of_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o audacity_n and_o in_o all_o his_o warlike_a attempt_n and_o achievement_n very_o fortunate_a he_o be_v present_o follow_v by_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n as_o famous_a for_o learning_n and_o a_o good_a life_n as_o the_o other_o be_v for_o masculine_a bravery_n and_o martial_a prowess_n in_o england_n the_o face_n of_o thing_n look_v very_o lower_v henry_n surname_v shortmantel_n the_o empress_n son_n land_v in_o england_n and_o in_o his_o progress_n through_o the_o country_n take_v several_a castle_n among_o which_o be_v malmesbury_n wallingford_n and_o shrewsbury_n but_o his_o fury_n be_v quick_o appease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o eustace_n king_n stephen_n son_n so_o that_o the_o sole_a obstacle_n for_o his_o succeed_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v now_o remove_v he_o willing_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n stephen_n permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n a._n d_o 1154_o that_o himself_o be_v declare_v his_o successor_n but_o king_n stephen_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o treaty_n and_o then_o henry_n plantagenet_n the_o empress_z son_n be_v crown_v in_o a.d._n 1155_o his_o stead_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n rhys_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n king_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n draw_v together_o all_o his_o strength_n and_o march_v to_o aberdyfi_n to_o face_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o own_o border_n but_o find_v the_o rumour_n to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberdyfi_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o frontier_n from_o any_o future_a design_n of_o his_o country_n he_o return_v back_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n far_o at_o the_o same_o time_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o caereneon_n near_o cymer_n and_o then_o eglwys_n fair_a in_o myfot_o be_v found_v about_o this_o time_n also_o meyric_n nephew_n to_o prince_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v detain_v by_o his_o uncle_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o same_o year_n king_n henry_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o fleming_n who_o his_o predecessor_n king_n stephen_n have_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n charge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o depart_v his_o dominion_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o countryman_n in_o west-wales_n where_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o bastard_n son_n have_v plant_v they_o and_o thus_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v pembrokeshire_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o stranger_n who_o be_v better_a befriend_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n than_o the_o welsh_a can_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v make_v sure_a foot_n in_o that_o country_n where_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v firm_a it_o be_v the_o english_a policy_n of_o those_o time_n to_o accept_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o curb_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a who_o they_o experience_v to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o safe_a neighbour_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v grant_v any_o land_n and_o privilege_n in_o wales_n to_o any_o that_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o which_o honest_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o bestow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o detriment_n to_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1156_o for_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n raise_v a_o very_a great_a army_n which_o he_o gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n with_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v all_o north-wales_n be_v principal_o move_v hereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o prince_n brother_n who_o owen_n gwynedh_n for_o what_o reason_n not_o
by_o their_o valour_n than_o by_o their_o birth_n and_o parentage_n he_o have_v by_o gwladus_n the_o daughter_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n jorwerth_n drwyndwn_n or_o the_o break_a nose_n conan_n maelgon_n and_o gwenlhian_a by_o christian_a the_o daughter_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n he_o have_v david_n roderic_n cadwalhon_n abbot_n of_o bardsey_n and_o angharad_n afterward_o marry_v to_o gruffydh_n maylor_n he_o have_v by_o other_o woman_n several_a other_o child_n as_o conan_n lhewelyn_n meredith_n edwal_n rhun_n howel_n cadelh_n madawc_n eineon_n cynwric_n philip_n and_o ryrid_a lord_n of_o clochran_n in_o ireland_n of_o these_o run_z lhewelyn_n and_o cynwric_n die_v before_o their_o father_n and_o the_o rest_n will_v be_v mention_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n be_v dead_a the_o succession_n be_v of_o right_a to_o descend_v to_o his_o elder_a legitimate_a son_n jorwerth_n 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both_o brother_n meeting_n together_o in_o the_o field_n be_v resolve_v to_o try_v their_o title_n by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sword_n the_o battle_n have_v not_o last_v long_o but_o howel_n be_v slay_v and_o than_o david_n be_v unanimous_o proclaim_v and_o salute_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n which_o principality_n he_o enjoy_v without_o any_o molestation_n till_o lhewelyn_n jorwerth_n druryndwn_n son_n come_v of_o age_n as_o will_v hereafter_o appear_v but_o madawc_n another_o of_o owen_n gwynedh_n son_n find_v how_o his_o brother_n contend_v for_o the_o principality_n and_o that_o his_o native_a country_n be_v like_a to_o be_v turmoil_v in_o a_o civil_a war_n do_v think_v it_o his_o better_a prudence_n to_o try_v his_o fortune_n abroad_o and_o therefore_o leave_v north-wales_n in_o a_o very_a unsettled_a condition_n sail_v with_o a_o small_a fleet_n of_o ship_n which_o he_o have_v rig_v and_o mane_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o the_o westward_n and_o leave_v ireland_n upon_o the_o 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clashing_n for_o a_o more_o quiet_a be_v of_o ease_n and_o enjoyment_n and_o so_o have_v get_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o welch_n together_o he_o bid_v his_o final_a adieu_n to_o his_o native_a country_n and_o sail_v with_o ten_o ship_n back_o to_o they_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v suppose_v say_v our_o author_n that_o madawc_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v part_n of_o that_o country_n since_o call_v florida_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o appear_v from_o francis_n love_v a_o author_n of_o no_o small_a reputation_n that_o in_o acusanus_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o people_z honour_a and_o worship_v the_o cross_n whence_o it_o may_v be_v natural_o conclude_v that_o christian_n have_v be_v there_o before_o the_o come_n of_o the_o spaniard_n and_o who_o these_o christian_n may_v be_v unless_o it_o be_v this_o colony_n of_o madawc_n can_v be_v easy_o imagine_v but_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v over_o be_v not_o many_o they_o intermix_v in_o a_o few_o year_n with_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o follow_v their_o manner_n and_o use_v their_o language_n they_o become_v at_o length_n undistinguishable_a from_o the_o barbarian_n but_o the_o country_n which_o madawc_n land_v in_o be_v by_o the_o learned_a dr._n powel_n suppose_v to_o be_v part_n mexico_n for_o which_o conjecture_n he_o lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o as_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o spanish_a chronicle_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o west-indies_n the_o inhabitant_n and_o native_n of_o that_o country_n affirm_v by_o tradition_n that_o their_o ruler_n descend_v from_o a_o strange_a nation_n which_o come_v thither_o from_o a_o strange_a country_n as_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o king_n montezeuma_n in_o a_o speech_n at_o his_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n before_o hernando_n cortes_n the_o spanish_a general_n and_o then_o the_o british_a word_n and_o name_n of_o place_n use_v in_o that_o country_n even_o at_o this_o day_n do_v undoubted_o argue_v the_o same_o as_o when_o they_o speak_v and_o confabulate_v together_o they_o use_v this_o british_a word_n gwrando_n which_o signify_v to_o hearken_v or_o listen_v and_o a_o certain_a bird_n with_o a_o white_a head_n they_o call_v fengwyn_n which_o signify_v the_o same_o in_o welch_n but_o for_o a_o more_o complete_a confirmation_n of_o this_o the_o island_n of_o corroeso_n the_o cape_n of_o bryton_n the_o river_n of_o gwyndor_n and_o the_o white_a rock_n of_o pengwyn_n which_o be_v all_o british_a word_n do_v manifest_o show_v that_o it_o be_v that_o country_n which_o madawe_n and_o his_o people_n inhabit_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o trouble_n of_o north-wales_n be_v over_o and_o prince_n david_n secure_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n a.d._n 1171_o the_o storm_n fall_v present_o upon_o powy_n for_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o lord_n of_o that_o country_n have_v always_o as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v the_o interest_n and_o advantage_n of_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o which_o account_n prince_n rhys_n come_v with_o a_o great_a army_n against_o powy_n and_o have_v subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n his_o enemy_n he_o be_v for_o all_o that_o so_o favourable_a to_o he_o that_o upon_o his_o deliver_v he_o pledge_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n he_o present_o depart_v out_o of_o powy_n and_o return_v with_o much_o honour_n to_o south_n wales_n and_o now_o all_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n be_v at_o perfect_a rest_n and_o amity_n with_o one_o another_o the_o whole_a tide_n and_o scene_n of_o action_n return_v to_o ireland_n for_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n have_v call_v together_o all_o his_o nobility_n begin_v to_o consult_v about_o the_o irish_a expedition_n which_o have_v already_o be_v determine_v to_o be_v take_v in_o hand_n to_o this_o consultation_n there_o come_v some_o messenger_n from_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_a marshal_n of_o england_n to_o deliver_v up_o
king_n of_o man_n to_o fly_v the_o island_n they_o take_v present_a possession_n of_o it_o themselves_o and_o while_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o north_n wales_n maelgon_n prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n his_o son_n who_o be_v late_o escape_v from_o prison_n besiege_v ystratmeyric_n castle_n and_o after_o some_o small_a opposition_n get_v it_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o christmas_n night_n which_o encourage_v he_o to_o far_a attempt_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o brother_n howel_n surname_v say_v or_o the_o englishman_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o have_v serve_v for_o some_o time_n under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n another_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n get_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n and_o have_v secure_v philip_n de_fw-fr gwys_n the_o owner_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n he_o make_v they_o all_o prisoner_n of_o war._n then_o the_o two_o brother_n howel_n and_o maelgon_n join_v their_o force_n but_o fear_v that_o they_o have_v more_o castle_n than_o what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v they_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o raze_v lhanhayaden_a castle_n which_o the_o fleming_n have_v notice_n of_o they_o gather_v all_o their_o power_n together_o and_o come_v to_o lhanhayaden_a at_o the_o day_n appoint_v they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o welsh_a and_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o but_o notwitstand_v this_o sudden_a and_o unhappy_a accident_n they_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o destroy_v the_o castle_n and_o so_o come_v to_o lhanhayaden_a the_o second_o time_n they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n without_o any_o molestation_n from_o or_o appearance_n of_o any_o enemy_n to_o disturb_v they_o but_o when_o anarawd_n another_o son_n of_o pr._n rhys_n see_v how_o prosperous_o his_o brother_n succeed_v he_o think_v to_o make_v himself_o as_o rich_a as_o they_o and_o by_o a_o short_a and_o a_o easy_a method_n and_o therefore_o have_v under_o a_o smooth_a pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o love_n get_v his_o brother_n howel_n and_o madawc_n in_o private_a be_v move_v with_o ambition_n and_o covetousness_n to_o enjoy_v their_o estate_n he_o first_o make_v they_o prisoner_n and_o then_o very_o unnatural_o pull_v out_o their_o eye_n but_o maelgon_n escape_v this_o snare_n and_o hear_v what_o a_o foul_a action_n be_v commit_v he_o promise_v his_o brother_n anarawd_n the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_n for_o the_o liberty_n and_o releasement_n of_o his_o two_o brother_n which_o anarawd_n grant_v but_o it_o be_v a.d._n 1194_o not_o wonder_v that_o those_o brother_n can_v be_v unnatural_a and_o cruel_a to_o one_o another_o who_o can_v join_v and_o agree_v to_o rebel_v against_o their_o father_n and_o now_o prince_n rhys_n have_v rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o rhayadr_n gwy_n be_v lay_v wait_n for_o and_o take_v prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n who_o be_v afraid_a that_o in_o case_n their_o father_n have_v they_o once_o in_o his_o power_n he_o will_v severe_o revenge_v their_o cruel_a and_o unnatural_a deedâ—_n but_o howel_n prove_v more_o kind_a and_o dutiful_a than_o the_o rest_n who_o though_o blind_a find_v a_o way_n to_o let_v his_o father_n escape_v out_o of_o maelgon_n prison_n and_o so_o prince_n rhys_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n he_o take_v and_o destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o belong_v to_o his_o son_n maelgon_n but_o though_o he_o succeed_v in_o this_o attempt_n yet_o he_o lose_v another_o castle_n elsewhere_o for_o the_o son_n of_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n of_o melyenydh_n be_v inform_v that_o prince_n rhys_n be_v detain_v prisoner_n by_o his_o son_n maelgon_n they_o besiege_v rhayadr_n gwy_a castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v up_o to_o they_o they_o fortify_v for_o their_o own_o use_n but_o whilst_o these_o unhappy_a difference_n and_o unnatural_a clashing_n betwixt_o prince_n rhys_n and_o his_o son_n continue_v and_o rage_v in_o south-wales_n a_o new_a revolution_n of_o affair_n happen_v in_o north-wales_n prince_n david_n have_v now_o 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therefore_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o the_o justness_n of_o his_o title_n will_v never_o mount_v he_o up_o to_o the_o throne_n without_o he_o have_v a_o army_n at_o his_o heel_n to_o help_v he_o on_o he_o call_v together_o all_o his_o friend_n and_o relation_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n who_o be_v mar_v the_o daughter_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n and_o have_v draw_v to_o his_o side_n his_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_n and_o rhodri_n ap_fw-mi owen_n he_o come_v into_o north_n wa_n es_fw-la proclaim_v how_o against_o all_o justice_n his_o uncle_n david_n have_v first_o disinherit_v his_o father_n jorwerth_n and_o then_o have_v keep_v the_o government_n from_o he_o who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o though_o his_o father_n jorwerth_n have_v be_v incapable_a of_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n by_o reason_n of_o some_o infirmity_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o his_o father_n weakness_n shall_v exclude_v and_o turn_v he_o out_o and_o therefore_o be_v now_o sensible_a of_o what_o he_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o understand_v in_o his_o youth_n he_o lay_v claim_v to_o the_o principality_n which_o be_v just_o his_o own_o but_o there_o be_v no_o great_a need_n of_o conjure_v to_o understand_v his_o claim_n nor_o of_o much_o rhetoric_n to_o persuade_v the_o people_n to_o own_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n who_o affection_n be_v cool_v and_o almost_o wear_v off_o from_o david_n ever_o since_o he_o have_v deal_v so_o unnatural_o with_o his_o brother_n who_o after_o he_o have_v deprive_v of_o their_o estate_n he_o banish_v out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o therefore_o before_o lhewelyn_n can_v expect_v to_o have_v any_o sure_a foot_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v at_o his_o devotion_n except_v only_o three_o castle_n which_o david_n by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o english_a in_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o late_a king_n henry_n he_o depend_v much_o upon_o keep_v to_o himself_o and_o thus_o david_n be_v deprive_v of_o almost_o all_o that_o he_o former_o possess_v we_o shall_v reckon_v he_o no_o more_o among_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n but_o restore_v the_o principality_n to_o the_o true_a heir_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v thus_o successful_o carry_v on_o his_o just_a claim_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o north-wales_n and_o be_v quiet_o settle_v in_o the_o government_n of_o it_o roger_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1195_o march_n with_o a_o strong_a body_n to_o melyenith_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n whereby_o he_o reduce_v that_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n and_o force_v thence_o the_o two_o son_n of_o cadwalh_n n_z ap_fw-mi madawc_n that_o be_v governor_n thereof_o about_o this_o time_n rhys_n and_o meredith_n then_o valiant_a but_o undutiful_a son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n have_v get_v together_o a_o body_n of_o hot_a head_v dare_v soldier_n come_v before_o dynefawr_n and_o take_v the_o castle_n that_o be_v garrison_v by_o their_o father_n man_n hence_o they_o proceed_v to_o cantre-fychan_a where_o the_o country_n civil_o receive_v they_o and_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n to_o they_o at_o this_o their_o father_n be_v just_o incense_v and_o therefore_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o far_o proceed_n he_o endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o take_v they_o which_o not_o long_o after_o happen_v for_o their_o adherent_n now_o begin_v to_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o sense_n as_o well_o of_o their_o treason_n against_o as_o of_o their_o allegiance_n due_a to_o their_o lawful_a lord_n prince_n rhys_n and_o therefore_o to_o atone_v for_o their_o past_a fault_n and_o to_o procure_v his_o future_a favour_n they_o betray_v their_o rebellious_a leader_n to_o their_o offend_a father_n who_o immediate_o commit_v they_o to_o safe_a custody_n a.d._n 1196_o the_o
withstand_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o some_o method_n or_o other_o to_o reconcile_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n and_o no_o better_a measure_n can_v possible_o be_v think_v of_o than_o to_o send_v joan_n his_o wife_n king_n john_n daughter_n to_o entreat_v with_o her_o father_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o a_o cessation_n of_o all_o hostility_n who_o be_v a_o prudent_a sly_a woman_n so_o prevail_v upon_o the_o king_n that_o he_o grant_v prince_n lhewelyn_n her_o husband_n a_o safe_a conduct_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o to_o renew_v the_o former_a peace_n and_o amity_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o so_o lhewelyn_n have_v do_v homage_n promise_v the_o king_n towards_o his_o expense_n in_o this_o expedition_n 20000_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o forty_o horse_n and_o what_o be_v more_o than_o all_o he_o grant_v all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o then_o king_n john_n have_v receive_v better_a success_n in_o this_o than_o the_o former_a expedition_n return_v to_o england_n in_o great_a triumph_n have_v subdue_v all_o wales_n except_v that_o part_n which_o rhys_n and_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n still_o keep_v and_o maintain_v against_o the_o english_a but_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o march_v against_o they_o himself_o at_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o country_n he_o give_v strict_a charge_n to_o foulke_n viscount_n of_o caerdyff_fw-mi warden_n of_o the_o march_n a_o cruel_a tyrant_n though_o well_o belove_v and_o favour_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v a_o army_n with_o he_o and_o so_o join_v with_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n to_o compel_v the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o to_o do_v he_o homage_n foulke_n have_v receive_v so_o positive_a a_o command_n present_o raise_v his_o force_n and_z calling_z maelgon_n and_o rhys_n come_v to_o the_o cantref_o of_o penwedic_n which_o when_o the_o young_a lord_n rhys_n and_o owen_n hear_v of_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o this_o blow_n be_v level_v against_o they_o which_o they_o know_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v before_o the_o stroke_n be_v strike_v they_o send_v to_o foulke_n to_o sue_v for_o peace_n and_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o they_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o court_n of_o england_n this_o be_v grant_v they_o come_v to_o london_n and_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n and_o request_v his_o pardon_n for_o all_o former_a misdemeanour_n they_o give_v up_o all_o pretence_n to_o their_o land_n betwixt_o aeron_n and_o dyfi_n and_o so_o pay_v their_o homage_n they_o be_v dismiss_v very_o gracious_o but_o foulke_n before_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o country_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n and_o place_v a_o strong_a garrison_n therein_o keep_v it_o to_o the_o king_n use_n but_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n a_o couple_n of_o headstrong_a inconstant_a people_n quick_o repent_v they_o of_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o without_o the_o least_o reason_n or_o provocation_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o aberystwyth_n castle_n and_o with_o much_o ado_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o destroy_v those_o fortification_n which_o foulke_n have_v late_o erect_v and_o deface_v the_o castle_n to_o the_o ground_n but_o they_o pay_v sauce_n for_o this_o another_o way_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o rhys_n and_o owen_n have_v hear_v that_o their_o uncle_n have_v break_v and_o violate_v the_o king_n peace_n they_o make_v inroad_n into_o isaeron_n which_o be_v maelgon_n country_n and_o have_v slay_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o his_o man_n among_o who_o be_v one_o brave_a and_o lusty_a youth_n call_v bachglâ_n they_o return_v with_o very_o rich_a booty_n a.d._n 1211_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v quick_o follow_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n in_o their_o revolt_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v any_o long_o the_o tyranny_n and_o oppreission_n which_o the_o king_n garrison_n exercise_v in_o his_o country_n call_v together_o gwenwynwyn_n from_o powy_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n from_o south-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n from_o bromfield_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n from_o cydewen_n and_o plain_o declare_v before_o they_o the_o pride_n and_o insolency_n of_o the_o english_a and_o how_o that_o they_o who_o be_v always_o use_v to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n be_v now_o by_o their_o own_o wilfulness_n and_o neglect_n become_v subject_n to_o stranger_n however_o it_o be_v not_o too_o late_o to_o recover_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o if_o they_o do_v but_o unanimous_o agree_v among_o themselves_o they_o may_v easy_o cast_v off_o that_o yoke_n which_o be_v so_o intolerable_o burdersome_a to_o they_o then_o the_o lord_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o truth_n and_o reasonableness_n of_o what_o prince_n lhewelyn_n deliver_v and_o be_v conscious_a to_o themselves_o that_o their_o present_a slavery_n and_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a be_v whole_o owe_v to_o their_o own_o fear_n and_o cowardice_n swear_v fealty_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o swear_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o to_o stick_v by_o each_o other_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n and_o so_o join_v their_o force_n together_o they_o take_v all_o the_o castle_n in_o north-wales_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a except_v ruthlan_n and_o dyganwy_n and_o then_o go_v to_o powy_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o robert_n vspont_n have_v build_v at_o mathrafal_n but_o king_n john_n be_v inform_v how_o the_o welsh_a have_v conspire_v against_o he_o and_o that_o they_o have_v take_v and_o sezy_v upon_o almost_o all_o his_o castle_n in_o north-wales_n and_o how_o that_o they_o be_v now_o in_o actual_a besiegement_n of_o mathrafal_n present_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n and_o come_v to_o mathrafal_n quick_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o welsh_a from_o come_v any_o more_o against_o it_o he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n have_v no_o time_n to_o stay_v any_o long_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o nobility_n but_o be_v afterward_o at_o nottingham_n and_o hear_v how_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n cruel_o harrass_v and_o destroy_v the_o march_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o welsh_a pledge_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o last_o year_n to_o be_v hang_v among_o who_o be_v howel_n the_o son_n of_o cadwalhon_n and_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n son_n to_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o eight_o and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n robert_n vepont_n cause_v rhys_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n to_o be_v hang_v at_o shrewsbury_n be_v a_o youth_n of_o about_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o cruel_o murder_v the_o innocent_a child_n to_o revenge_v the_o crime_n and_o offence_n commit_v by_o his_o father_n and_o other_o but_o though_o king_n john_n be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o welsh_a yet_o the_o princess_n of_o north-wales_n be_v more_o dutiful_a and_o favourable_a to_o he_o for_o whilst_o he_o stay_v at_o nottingham_n she_o send_v he_o a_o express_a declare_v how_o that_o the_o baron_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n with_o the_o french_a king_n against_o he_o and_o that_o this_o latter_a be_v a_o prepare_v and_o raise_v a_o army_n to_o come_v over_o to_o england_n upon_o pretence_n that_o the_o king_n be_v a_o rebel_n and_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o holy_a church_n in_o as_o much_o as_o he_o will_v not_o condescend_v nor_o yield_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n request_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o all_o this_o she_o tell_v he_o that_o robert_n fitzwalter_n eustace_n de_fw-fr vescy_n and_o stephen_n redell_n be_v secret_o flee_v into_o france_n to_o promote_v and_o carry_v on_o this_o intrigue_n and_o that_o this_o design_n against_o king_n john_n be_v not_o feign_v surmise_n the_o next_o a.d._n 1212_o year_n pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o detach_v one_o of_o his_o nuncio_n to_o wales_n who_o absolve_v prince_n lhewelyn_n gwenwynwyn_n and_o maelgon_n from_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n john_n and_o withal_o give_v they_o a_o strict_a command_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o excommunication_n to_o molest_v and_o annoy_v he_o with_o all_o their_o endeavour_n as_o a_o open_a enemy_n to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n prince_n lhewelyn_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o trouble_a at_o this_o for_o now_o he_o gain_v the_o fit_a opportunity_n imaginable_a to_o restore_v such_o land_n as_o he_o have_v former_o much_o against_o