plant_v they_o in_o your_o nursery_n as_o you_o be_v direct_v for_o walnut-tree_n there_o keep_v they_o with_o dig_v and_o prune_v till_o they_o be_v fit_a of_o stature_n to_o plant_v out_o they_o grow_v in_o good_a shape_n and_o last_v long_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a tree_n for_o walk_n it_o like_v best_a a_o strong_a ground_n but_o let_v it_o be_v good_a and_o there_o they_o will_v bear_v store_n of_o fruit_n and_o grow_v to_o be_v large_a fine_a tree_n they_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o sucker_n by_o which_o they_o be_v easy_o increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n but_o how_o to_o do_v that_o see_v chapt._n 7._o there_o you_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v how_o to_o raise_v they_o when_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o five_o or_o six_o foot_n high_a bud_v they_o they_o will_v bear_v soon_o more_o and_o better_o etc._n etc._n chap._n xvii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o cherrytree_n i_o know_v many_o will_v say_v that_o it_o be_v not_o proper_a to_o rank_v this_o among_o forrest-tree_n but_o if_o such_o do_v but_o see_v the_o fine_a stately_a tree_n that_o we_o have_v grow_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o cashiobury_n they_o will_v then_o conclude_v it_o proper_a for_o wood_n and_o if_o for_o wood_n then_o for_o forest_n where_o they_o like_v the_o ground_n they_o make_v a_o glorious_a show_n in_o the_o spring_n their_o white_a blossom_n show_v at_o a_o distance_n as_o though_o they_o be_v clothe_v with_o fine_a white_a linen_n their_o blossom_n be_v a_o great_a relief_n to_o the_o industrious_a bee_n at_o that_o season_n the_o way_n to_o raise_v and_o order_v they_o be_v as_o follow_v and_o first_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o best_a way_n to_o raise_v they_o be_v of_o stone_n let_v your_o cherry_n be_v very_o ripe_a for_o the_o ripe_a your_o cherry_n be_v or_o any_o other_o fruit_n the_o plump_a and_o better_a be_v the_o kernel_n the_o time_n they_o be_v ripe_a be_v according_a to_o the_o kind_n but_o it_o be_v the_o black_a cherry_n 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other_o kind_n of_o or_o there_o to_o stand_v till_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o walk_n for_o where_o the_o ground_n be_v natural_a they_o be_v very_o proper_a for_o walk_n the_o ground_n they_o like_v be_v a_o dry_a soil_n the_o bottom_n gravel_n the_o surface_n mix_v with_o loom_n or_o you_o may_v sow_v they_o on_o bed_n as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v take_v the_o flesh_n off_o and_o they_o will_v do_v very_o well_o and_o come_v up_o the_o spring_n follow_v and_o then_o you_o may_v plant_v they_o at_o two_o year_n shoot_v where_o you_o please_v but_o if_o you_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n before_o you_o sow_v they_o they_o will_v lie_v two_o winter_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o note_v this_o that_o all_o sort_n of_o stone-fruit_n will_v be_v commit_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o fruit_n be_v ripe_a the_o flesh_n take_v off_o and_o the_o stone_n a_o little_a dry_a for_o all_o sort_n of_o stone-fruit_n if_o well_o keep_v and_o sow_v or_o set_v in_o time_n will_v come_v up_o the_o spring_n after_o but_o if_o you_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n they_o then_o will_v stay_v till_o the_o second_o spring_n and_o sometime_o never_o come_v up_o at_o all_o at_o any_o time_n when_o you_o remove_v a_o young_a cherrytree_n you_o may_v prune_v off_o his_o head_n close_o if_o you_o please_v to_o one_o shoot_v for_o they_o natural_o grow_v taper_n and_o straight_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o increase_v from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v help_v nature_n in_o raise_v of_o they_o that_o way_n see_v chap._n 7._o it_o be_v a_o good_a wood_n to_o plant_v in_o coppice_n for_o it_o produce_v a_o strong_a shoot_n and_o it_o be_v like_o the_o elm_n apt_a to_o put_v forth_o several_a young_a tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o other_o tree_n but_o especial_o if_o you_o fall_v a_o tree_n that_o be_v not_o too_o old_a and_o it_o be_v in_o a_o light_a ground_n for_o than_o it_o will_v bring_v 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indeed_o no_o other_o sort_n of_o tree_n but_o especial_o those_o that_o natural_o run_v shallow_a as_o all_o sort_n do_v that_o be_v subject_a to_o put_v forth_o young_a tree_n from_o their_o root_n such_o be_v the_o elm_n abele_n sarvice_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n this_o tree_n be_v want_v in_o several_a part_n of_o this_o land_n but_o you_o that_o want_v it_o i_o will_v counsel_v you_o to_o get_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o your_o ground_n be_v convenient_a for_o it_o chap._n xviii_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o linetree_n this_o tree_n be_v call_v by_o most_o herbal_n the_o linetree_n or_o linden_n but_o
it_o be_v send_v i_o by_o a_o fair_a lady_n say_v he_o to_o every_o gallon_n of_o birch-water_n put_v a_o quart_n of_o honey_n well_o still_v together_o then_o boil_v it_o almost_o a_o hour_n with_o a_o few_o clove_n and_o a_o little_a limon-peel_n keep_v it_o well_o scummed_a when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_a and_o become_v cold_a add_v to_o it_o three_o or_o four_o spoonful_n of_o good_a ale_n to_o make_v it_o work_v which_o it_o will_v do_v like_o new_a ale_n and_o when_o the_o yeast_n begin_v to_o settle_v bottle_n it_o up_o as_o you_o do_v other_o winey_a liquor_n it_o will_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n become_v a_o most_o brisk_a and_o spirituous_a drink_n which_o be_v a_o very_a powerful_a opener_n this_o wine_n may_v if_o you_o please_v be_v make_v as_o successful_o with_o sugar_n instead_o of_o honey_n lib._n 1._o to_o each_o gallon_n of_o water_n or_o you_o may_v dulcifie_v it_o with_o raisin_n and_o compose_v a_o raison-wine_n of_o it_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o sweet_a ingredient_n may_v not_o be_v somewhat_o reduce_v and_o the_o operation_n improve_v but_o i_o give_v it_o as_o receive_v for_o distemper_n in_o man_n it_o be_v good_a for_o cure_n of_o the_o ptysick_n most_o powerful_a for_o dissolve_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n cure_v as_o i_o be_o tell_v consumption_n and_o such_o interior_a disease_n as_o accompany_v the_o stone_n in_o the_o bladder_n and_o reins_o this_o liquor_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o stone-bottle_n can_v preserve_v the_o spirit_n so_o subtle_a they_o be_v and_o volatile_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v gentle_a and_o very_o harmless_a in_o operation_n within_o the_o body_n and_o exceed_o sharpen_v the_o appetite_n be_v drink_v ante_fw-la pastum_fw-la this_o from_o the_o learned_a author_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o birch_n and_o now_o i_o proceed_v chap._n xxiv_o of_o raise_v the_o hazel_n of_o the_o kind_n there_o be_v many_o and_o some_o very_a good_a fruit_n as_o the_o red_a and_o white_a filberd_n the_o great_a french_a nut_n etc._n etc._n also_o your_o wild_a nut_n do_v differ_v much_o in_o shape_n and_o goodness_n my_o lord_n have_v once_o a_o quantity_n of_o very_a good_a sort_n send_v he_o from_o beyond_o sea_n they_o have_v a_o very_a tender_a shell_n therefore_o i_o take_v care_n to_o raise_v some_o of_o they_o and_o do_v several_a but_o when_o they_o come_v to_o bear_v they_o be_v no_o better_a than_o our_o hedge-nut_n when_o they_o be_v ripe_a i_o need_v not_o tell_v you_o for_o every_o boy_n can_v order_v they_o all_o winter_n as_o you_o be_v advise_v to_o keep_v your_o walnut_n and_o sow_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o the_o spring_n they_o will_v grow_v almost_o on_o any_o ground_n provide_v not_o too_o wet_a but_o best_a on_o your_o dry_a ground_n therefore_o set_v they_o on_o your_o high_a and_o dry_a bank_n between_o your_o fence_n but_o early_o in_o winter_n if_o they_o hold_v but_o the_o first_o year_n they_o will_v produce_v good_a stub_n you_o may_v increase_v they_o by_o sucker_n or_o lay_v but_o the_o best_a way_n be_v from_o their_o nut_n i_o will_v have_v you_o to_o benefit_n yourself_o by_o lay_v this_o and_o other_o wood_n in_o your_o wood_n that_o be_v thin_a of_o wood_n i_o dare_v assure_v you_o that_o for_o every_o shilling_n you_o lay_v out_o in_o this_o husbandry_n in_o a_o few_o year_n time_n every_o shilling_n shall_v be_v pay_v you_o yearly_o for_o many_o year_n after_o chap._n xxv_o of_o raise_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o popler_n there_o may_v be_v many_o sort_n of_o this_o wood_n but_o i_o know_v but_o four_o the_o best_a be_v that_o large_a white_a poplar_n a_o great_a leaf_n white_a on_o the_o low_a side_n it_o shoot_v with_o a_o strong_a whitish_a shoot_n which_o the_o dutch_a call_v abele_n the_o second_o be_v a_o sort_n much_o like_o to_o this_o both_o in_o leaf_n and_o shoot_v which_o grow_v in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o land_n and_o be_v in_o most_o place_n call_v the_o white_a poplar_n the_o three_o be_v a_o sort_n that_o have_v the_o leaf_n and_o shoot_v more_o small_a and_o not_o so_o white_a it_o grow_v in_o many_o place_n and_o in_o most_o of_o they_o be_v call_v the_o aspen_n or_o asp-tree_n these_o three_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v order_v all_o as_o one_o the_o other_o differ_v much_o both_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o grow_v and_o order_v therefore_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o these_o i_o never_o yet_o do_v raise_v any_o of_o they_o of_o seed_n but_o i_o do_v believe_v they_o have_v a_o seed_n in_o that_o downy_a substance_n they_o shed_v in_o the_o spring_n they_o increase_v natural_o very_o much_o from_o the_o root_n but_o they_o may_v be_v help_v much_o by_o the_o rule_n in_o the_o chapter_n before_o which_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n by_o which_o rule_n from_o two_o of_o the_o abele_n tree_n my_o lord_n have_v from_o holland_n i_o have_v raise_v above_o a_o hundred_o but_o if_o you_o fence_v in_o a_o place_n round_o the_o tree_n to_o keep_v cattle_n off_o and_o keep_v down_o the_o great_a weed_n a_o little_a they_o will_v put_v forth_o many_o young_a tree_n from_o the_o root_n of_o a_o old_a one_o especial_o if_o you_o prune_v up_o or_o thin_a the_o head_n of_o any_o of_o these_o sort_n they_o will_v then_o yield_v the_o more_o but_o if_o you_o do_v not_o value_v your_o mother-tree_n but_o desire_v to_o get_v a_o great_a stock_n of_o young_a one_o than_o you_o may_v fell_v the_o mother-tree_n at_o the_o ground_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o very_o young_a or_o old_a the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o in_o young_a tree_n the_o quantity_n of_o the_o body_n and_o head_n of_o that_o tree_n and_o so_o will_v the_o elm_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n then_o how_o useful_a such_o tree_n be_v to_o set_v in_o the_o place_n of_o wood_n that_o be_v thin_a i_o leave_v you_o to_o judge_v though_o this_o tree_n be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a of_o wood_n beside_o the_o aforesaid_a 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from_o two_o foot_n long_o to_o eight_o the_o first_o be_v the_o best_a to_o set_v for_o stub_n the_o other_o you_o may_v make_v pollard_n of_o for_o it_o be_v a_o good_a profitable_a wood_n bring_v a_o good_a lop_n in_o few_o year_n and_o that_o on_o some_o ground_n better_o than_o the_o willow_n for_o your_o instruction_n in_o set_v the_o small_a set_n see_v chap._n 6._o and_o for_o set_v those_o of_o six_o seven_o eight_o or_o nine_o foot_n long_o for_o to_o make_v pollard-tree_n keep_v the_o low_a end_n of_o your_o set_n and_o also_o the_o upper_a free_a from_o crack_n and_o cut_v each_o slope_v off_o as_o for_o the_o bigness_n let_v
the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n be_v to_o turn_v foot_n into_o a_o superficial_a  _fw-fr x._o m._n m._n c._n x._o  _fw-fr p._n q._n f._n p._n q._n f._n p._n q._n f._n q._n f._n 1_o 36._o 2._o 63_o 3._o 2._o 41_o 0._o 1._o 31_o 10_o 2_o 73._o 1._o 58_o 7._o 1._o 26_o 0._o 2._o 62_o 20_o 3_o 110._o 0._o 53_o 11._o 0._o 05_o 1._o 0._o 20_o 30_o 4_o 146._o 3._o 55_o 14._o 2._o 52_o 1._o 1._o 57_o 40_o 5_o 183._o 2._o 40_o 18._o 1._o 31_o 1._o 3._o 20_o 50_o 6_o 220._o 1._o 35_o 22._o 0._o 10_o 2._o 0._o 54_o 60_o 7_o 257._o 0._o 43_o 25._o 2._o 57_o 2._o 2._o 17_o 1._o 02_o 8_o 293._o 3._o 41_o 29._o 1._o 36_o 2._o 3._o 47_o 1._o 12_o 9_o 330._o 2._o 25_o 33._o 0._o 15_o 3._o 1._o 13_o 1._o 22_o pole_n square_a if_o your_o sum_n be_v 10000_o then_o take_v the_o number_n answer_v your_o ten_o thousand_o under_o x._o m_n if_o a_o thousand_o under_o m_o a_o hundred_o under_o c_o and_o ten_o under_o x._o a_o example_n will_v make_v it_o plain_a have_v measure_v your_o side_n of_o a_o wall_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v as_o in_o the_o last_o example_n 3264_o foot_n look_v under_o m._n and_o against_o 3._o there_o be_v p._n 11._o o._n f._n 5_o then_o look_v under_o c_o and_o against_o 2_o there_o be_v 0._o 2._o 62_o then_o under_o x._o and_o against_o 6_o be_v 60_o and_o then_o the_o four_o odd_a foot_n set_v down_o as_o you_o see_v here_o make_v near_o 12_o pole_n as_o before_z 272._o 25_o be_v one_o pole_n square_a foot_n superficial_a measure_n and_o 136._o 125_o be_v half_o a_o square_a pole_n and_o 68_o 062_o 1_o 2_o be_v one_o quarter_n of_o a_o pole_n square_a but_o if_o your_o sum_n be_v ten_o or_o ten_o of_o thousand_o than_o you_o must_v take_v that_o from_o under_o x._o m._n as_o for_o example_n in_o 36542_o square_a foot_n how_o many_o pole_n quarter_n and_o foot_n be_v there_o you_o will_v find_v if_o you_o take_v they_o out_o of_o the_o table_n as_o be_v before_o show_v and_o also_o  _fw-fr pole_n qu._n foot_n for_o 30000_o a_o 110._o 0._o 53._o for_o 6000_o a_o 22._o 0._o 10._o for_o 500_o a_o 1._o 3._o 20._o for_o the_o 40_o a_o 0._o 0._o 40._o and_o for_o the_o 2_o a_o 0._o 0._o 02._o  _fw-fr 134._o 0._o 57_o sum_v they_o up_o that_o there_o will_v be_v 134_o pole_n and_o 57_o foot_n so_o you_o see_v this_o table_n will_v turn_v your_o foot_n into_o pole_n square_a and_o the_o other_o will_v reduce_v they_o into_o one_o brick_n and_o half_a thick_a which_o be_v soon_o perform_v and_o will_v be_v of_o excellent_a use_n these_o table_n will_v also_o assist_v you_o well_o in_o level_v of_o ground_n that_o be_v if_o you_o let_v your_o ground_n to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o pole_n square_a of_o 16_o foot_n and_o a_o ½_o which_o be_v call_v a_o floor_n viz._n 272.25_o but_o in_o some_o place_n the_o floor_n be_v 18_o foot_n square_a and_o one_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v 324_o solid_a foot_n and_o in_o some_o place_n ground_n be_v let_v to_o dig_v and_o to_o carry_v away_o by_o the_o yard_n solid_a that_o be_v 27_o solid_a foot_n for_o 3_o time_n 3_o be_v 9_o and_o 3_o time_n 9_o be_v 27_o which_o be_v near_o a_o cart_n load_n of_o earth_n so_o that_o in_o a_o floor_n of_o earth_n of_o 16_o foot_n and_o a_o â—_o square_n and_o a_o foot_n deep_a according_a to_o this_o rule_n there_o be_v about_o 10_o load_v of_o earth_n as_o you_o see_v it_o be_v 10_o load_v 08_o 100_o and_o â…“_n or_o solid_a yard_n the_o floor_n of_o 18_o foot_n square_a or_o 324_o solid_a foot_n be_v 12_o solid_a yard_n or_o 12_o load_v of_o earth_n now_o all_o bank_n that_o be_v make_v take_v down_o of_o hill_n in_o walk_n or_o fill_v up_o of_o low_a place_n or_o make_v mount_n or_o mount-walks_a be_v most_o common_o let_v by_o the_o rod_n square_a to_o do_v and_o reduce_v to_o one_o foot_n deep_a the_o price_n for_o remove_v earth_n be_v according_a to_o the_o ground_n for_o some_o ground_n be_v much_o worse_a to_o dig_v than_o other_o but_o that_o you_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o unsatisfied_a i_o have_v observe_v it_o thus_o the_o worst_a sort_n of_o earth_n or_o gravel_n so_o it_o be_v not_o a_o rock_n of_o stone_n may_v be_v remove_v where_o man_n work_v for_o 12_o d._n the_o day_n at_o these_o price_n the_o workman_n find_v themselves_o barrow_n or_o cart_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o work_v tool_n for_o every_o rod_n square_a at_o 16_o foot_n ½_o the_o pole_n and_o one_o foot_n deep_a to_o carry_v it_o from_o one_o rod_n to_o 10_o rod_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o earth_n they_o carry_v level_v 2s_n for_o one_o pole_n or_o floor_n from_o 10_o pole_n to_o 20_o 2s_n 6d_o from_o 20_o pole_n to_o 30_o 3_o s._n from_o 30_o pole_n to_o 50_o to_o carry_v it_o in_o cart_n 3_n 6d_o from_o 50_o pole_n to_o 70_o 4_o s_o etc._n etc._n but_o if_o it_o be_v loom_n brick_n earth_n or_o clay_n that_o will_v dig_v well_o that_o they_o can_v spit_v with_o a_o spade_n and_o fill_v without_o the_o use_n of_o pit-axe_n or_o mattock_n than_o one_o four_o part_n may_v be_v abate_v etc._n etc._n this_o rule_n be_v sufficient_a consider_v but_o this_o that_o near_o london_n where_o man_n have_v more_o wage_n than_o 12_o d._n the_o day_n there_o they_o will_v look_v for_o more_o a_o floor_n and_o where_o man_n work_v for_o less_o it_o may_v be_v proportion_v according_o thus_o may_v you_o compute_v the_o charge_n of_o make_v mount_n take_v down_o hill_n make_v of_o pond_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o assist_v you_o yet_o further_o observe_v these_o few_o plain_a rule_n though_o they_o may_v not_o always_o be_v exact_a have_v find_v the_o mean_a length_n and_o breadth_n of_o your_o ground_n or_o length_n of_o your_o base_a and_o perpendicular_a &_o you_o desire_v to_o go_v but_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o rod_n in_o length_n or_o breadth_n which_o will_v content_v many_o in_o ordinary_a use_n as_o if_o a_o man_n have_v dig_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n by_o the_o pole_n square_a that_o be_v 10_o pole_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a and_o 21_o pole_n and_o a_o half_a long_o you_o may_v count_v up_o this_o or_o any_o the_o like_a number_n thus_o ten_o time_n 21_o be_v 210_o than_o ten_o half_n be_v 5_o whole_a one_o and_o 21_o half_n be_v 10_o whole_a one_o and_o a_o half_a and_o a_o half_a of_o a_o half_a be_v a_o quarter_n which_o you_o may_v keep_v in_o your_o memory_n or_o set_v they_o down_o so_o you_o see_v here_o they_o make_v both_o by_o the_o decimal_n way_n and_o this_o 225_o pole_n and_o 3_o quarter_n see_v here_o a_o example_n or_o two_o more_o first_o demonstrate_v by_o decimal_n and_o then_o wrought_v the_o ordinary_a way_n whether_o be_v 2_o rod_n and_o ½_o square_a or_o 2_o rod_n and_o a_o ¼_n one_o way_n and_o 2_o rod_n and_o ¾_n another_o way_n more_o for_o if_o you_o work_v by_o a_o decimal_n chain_n that_o be_v a_o rod_n divide_v into_o a_o 100_o link_n or_o part_n multiply_v that_o in_o its_o self_n it_o make_v 10000_o the_o half_a of_o that_o be_v 5000_o which_o be_v half_a a_o rod_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o rod_n be_v 2500_o and_o one_o eight_o part_n of_o a_o rod_n or_o half_a a_o quarter_n be_v 1250_o one_o sixteen_o part_n be_v 625_o square_a link_n and_o three_o quarter_n 7500_o so_o that_o two_o rod_n and_o a_o half_a be_v six_o rod_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o ground_n examp._n 2_o rod_n and_o 3_o quarter_n and_o 2_o rod_n and_o a_o quarter_n so_o that_o it_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o two_o rod_n and_o a_o half_a square_n be_v more_o than_o 2_o rod_n and_o ¾_n one_o way_n and_o 2_o rod_n and_o a_o ¼_n another_o way_n by_o one_o sixteen_o part_n of_o a_o rod_n for_o if_o you_o add_v 1875_o and_o 625_o the_o sixteen_o part_n of_o a_o rod_n together_o they_o will_v make_v 2500._o but_o if_o you_o work_v by_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n one_o link_n of_o it_o be_v four_o of_o this_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o precede_a example_n see_v fig._n 44_o 45._o see_v these_o two_o square_n count_v up_o the_o ordinary_a way_n and_o first_o two_o pole_z and_o a_o half_a by_o two_o pole_n and_o a_o half_a be_v 6_o pole_n and_o a_o quarter_n for_o mind_n this_o if_o the_o number_n of_o pole_n be_v even_o number_n with_o half_a a_o pole_n to_o each_o of_o these_o number_n that_o be_v both_o to_o length_n and_o breadth_n so_o that_o such_o a_o figure_n come_v always_o off_o with_o a_o quarter_n but_o if_o one_o of_o the_o number_n be_v odd_a pole_n and_o the_o other_o even_o with_o both_o length_n and_o breadth_n end_v in_o half_a a_o
so_o do_v your_o walnut_n chesnut_n horse-chesnut_n peach_n almond_n apricock_n plumb_n etc._n etc._n and_o the_o only_a difference_n from_o bean_n and_o pease_n be_v that_o these_o stone-fruit_n put_v forth_o at_o the_o small_a end_n and_o the_o other_o always_o at_o the_o side_n in_o like_a manner_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o tree_n and_o most_o sort_n of_o plant_n that_o be_v small_a which_o put_v forth_o root_n at_o the_o small_a end_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o that_o root_n have_v lay_v hold_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o then_o send_v out_o two_o false_a leave_n nothing_o like_o those_o that_o grow_v on_o the_o tree_n or_o plant_n which_o two_o false_a leave_n be_v the_o seed_n which_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n and_o so_o stand_v some_o small_a time_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o between_o these_o two_o false_a leave_n come_v forth_o a_o shoot_n which_o produce_v leaf_n like_o those_o of_o the_o tree_n or_o plant_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v of_o this_o way_n of_o growth_n there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n both_o of_o tree_n and_o plant_n as_o the_o elm_n ash_n sycamore_n maple_n pear_n apple_n quince_n and_o the_o most_o sort_n of_o the_o seed_n of_o tree_n which_o be_v not_o environ_v by_o stone_n or_o shell_n of_o seed_n the_o melon_n parsnip_n carrot_n carduus_fw-la angelica_n and_o indeed_o most_o sort_n of_o seed_n chap._n v._n of_o the_o several_a way_n to_o raise_v forrest-tree_n or_o other_o and_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o lay_v those_o sort_n of_o tree_n which_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n be_v the_o easy_a to_o raise_v by_o laying_n some_o of_o which_o sort_n you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n now_o touch_v the_o best_a time_n for_o lay_v your_o layer_n of_o tree_n observe_v that_o if_o they_o be_v tree_n that_o hold_v their_o leaf_n all_o winter_n as_o firre_n pine_n holly_n yew_n box_n bayes_n laurel_n elix_fw-la etc._n etc._n let_v such_o be_v lay_v about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o 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mother-plant_a and_o be_v it_o want_v but_o little_a nourishment_n at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o year_n i_o think_v it_o be_v better_a to_o lay_v layer_n of_o tree_n and_o to_o set_v cut_n than_o at_o other_o time_n in_o summer_n when_o the_o sap_n be_v much_o abound_v or_o in_o winter_n when_o the_o sap_n stir_v little_a or_o in_o the_o spring_n when_o the_o sap_n begin_v to_o rise_v for_o than_o it_o come_v too_o sudden_o to_o draw_v sap_n from_o the_o layer_n before_o it_o have_v draw_v or_o prepare_v for_o root_n for_o nature_n must_v be_v court_v gentle_o though_o i_o know_v in_o small_a plant_n the_o spring_n or_o summer_n do_v very_o well_o for_o they_o be_v short-lived_a be_v therefore_o the_o quick_a in_o draw_v root_n and_o beside_o that_o tree_n be_v many_o time_n lay_v as_o they_o be_v not_o as_o for_o those_o tree_n that_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v of_o cut_n take_v but_o some_o of_o the_o bough_n and_o lay_v they_o into_o the_o ground_n cover_v they_o about_o half_a a_o foot_n with_o fresh_a fine_a mould_n leave_v they_o with_o the_o end_n of_o your_o layer_n about_o one_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a out_o of_o the_o ground_n keep_v they_o moist_a in_o summer_n and_o in_o twelve_o month_n time_n you_o may_v remove_v they_o if_o root_v if_o not_o let_v they_o lie_v long_o another_o way_n be_v take_v a_o bough_n you_o intend_v to_o lay_v and_o cut_v it_o half_a way_n through_o right_a across_o the_o wood_n then_o slit_v it_o up_o towards_o the_o end_n half_o a_o foot_n or_o according_a as_o your_o layer_n be_v in_o bigness_n lay_v the_o slitted_a place_n into_o the_o ground_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v that_o slitted_a place_n take_v root_n if_o lay_v as_o the_o former_a and_o so_o order_v this_o way_n you_o may_v increase_v many_o fine_a flower_n and_o small_a plant_n but_o they_o be_v out_o of_o my_o element_n at_o this_o time_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o order_v they_o for_o fear_v i_o seem_v tedious_a to_o some_o another_o 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have_v they_o not_o as_o ash_n sycamore_n line_n hornbeam_n maple_n quickbeam_n etc._n etc._n and_o with_o those_o which_o you_o see_v thrive_v best_o you_o may_v at_o every_o fall_v furnish_v your_o wood_n where_o they_o be_v thin_a and_o i_o do_v assure_v you_o it_o will_v pay_v you_o for_o your_o pain_n with_o interest_n chap._n xxii_o of_o raise_v the_o quickbeam_n the_o quickbeam_n whitchen_n or_o wild-ash_n though_o very_o scarce_o in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o land_n be_v pretty_a plentiful_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o north_n as_o in_o nottinghamshire_n etc._n etc._n and_o will_v be_v there_o more_o plentiful_a be_v it_o suffer_v to_o grow_v great_a to_o bear_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o seed_n for_o i_o think_v it_o increase_v as_o the_o ash_n do_v only_o from_o seed_n it_o produce_v straight_o small_a and_o long_o shoot_v which_o in_o that_o country_n they_o cut_v off_o while_o they_o be_v young_a to_o make_v goad_n as_o they_o call_v they_o or_o whip_n to_o drive_v their_o ox_n with_o for_o it_o be_v as_o tough_a a_o wood_n as_o most_o be_v i_o do_v guess_v the_o seed_n lie_v a_o year_n in_o the_o ground_n before_o they_o come_v up_o i_o be_o now_o about_o try_v to_o raise_v some_o let_v i_o desire_v some_o kind_a planter_n to_o get_v some_o of_o this_o wood_n into_o their_o bound_n where_o it_o be_v not_o that_o it_o may_v be_v try_v whether_o it_o will_v grow_v in_o the_o south_n or_o not_o as_o no_o doubt_n but_o it_o will_v if_o you_o will_v but_o try_v i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o this_o tree_n because_o i_o can_v yet_o speak_v much_o on_o my_o own_o knowledge_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o raise_v the_o birch_n this_o tree_n increase_v froom_n the_o root_n or_o sucker_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v be_v raise_v of_o seed_n for_o i_o do_v suppose_v there_o be_v seed_n in_o that_o which_o it_o shed_v in_o the_o spring_n though_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o try_v it_o delight_v to_o grow_v on_o your_o hungry_a gravel_n as_o it_o do_v about_o cashicbury_n in_o several_a wood_n therefore_o you_o that_o have_v barren_a ground_n where_o your_o wood_n be_v get_v some_o set_n of_o this_o wood_n to_o help_v to_o thicken_v your_o wood_n for_o though_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a of_o wood_n yet_o it_o be_v very_o useful_a and_o the_o great_a god_n have_v order_v it_o to_o be_v content_v with_o the_o worst_a of_o ground_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v despise_v by_o his_o servant_n he_o have_v endow_v it_o with_o a_o faculty_n of_o attract_v and_o prepare_v from_o the_o earth_n a_o very_a medicinal_a liquor_n which_o be_v both_o pleasant_a and_o healthful_a for_o man_n which_o to_o take_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o also_o to_o prepare_v this_o water_n and_o to_o demonstrate_v what_o disease_n it_o be_v good_a for_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o borrow_v out_o of_o esquire_n evelyn_n discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 32_o etc._n etc._n about_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n with_o a_o chisel_n and_o a_o mallet_n cut_v a_o slit_n almost_o as_o deep_a as_o the_o very_a pith_n under_o some_o bough_n or_o branch_n of_o a_o well-spreading_a birch_n cut_v it_o oblique_a and_o not_o long-waye_n insert_v a_o small_a stone_n or_o chip_n to_o keep_v the_o lip_n of_o the_o wound_v a_o little_a open_a fasten_v thereto_o a_o bottle_n or_o some_o other_o convenient_a vessel_n appendant_a out_o of_o this_o aperture_n will_v extill_o a_o limphid_v and_o clear_a water_n retain_v a_o obscure_a smack_n both_o of_o the_o taste_n and_o odour_n of_o the_o tree_n thus_o may_v you_o obtain_v this_o water_n i_o will_v present_v you_o a_o receipt_n how_o to_o make_v it_o as_o
it_o be_v about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n diameter_n if_o you_o make_v your_o hole_n with_o a_o iron_n crow_n make_v it_o big_a enough_o that_o you_o do_v not_o thrust_v up_o the_o bark_n when_o you_o thrust_v they_o into_o the_o hole_n or_o if_o you_o make_v they_o with_o a_o stake_n observe_v the_o same_o but_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o bark_n to_o part_v from_o the_o wood_n tie_v it_o about_o the_o low_a end_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o wier_n etc._n etc._n set_v they_o about_o one_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a deep_a if_o great_a deep_a or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o quantity_n to_o set_v and_o will_v set_v they_o well_o then_o have_v a_o auger_n make_v somewhat_o like_a to_o a_o pump_n a_o little_o big_a than_o your_o set_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o set_n in_o and_o ram_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o but_o however_o you_o set_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o ram_n the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o i_o prefer_v the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n for_o the_o best_a season_n unless_o your_o ground_n be_v very_o wet_a then_o defer_v it_o till_o february_n but_o if_o you_o have_v ground_n that_o be_v wet_a and_o barren_a and_o that_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o plant_v make_v drein_n two_o spade-deep_a and_o a_o yard_n wide_a and_o at_o every_o two_o yard_n asunder_o cast_v up_o the_o earth_n upon_o the_o two_o yard_n of_o ground_n you_o leave_v and_o sow_v it_o the_o first_o year_n with_o oat_n to_o mellow_v the_o ground_n which_o may_v pay_v a_o good_a part_n of_o your_o charge_n if_o not_o all_o the_o next_o winter_n set_v it_o with_o these_o sort_n of_o wood_n water-pople_a and_o other_o alder_a willow_n withy_o sallow_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o four_o or_o five_o year_n after_o you_o may_v have_v a_o good_a fall_n of_o wood_n so_o may_v you_o have_v every_o five_o or_o six_o year_n after_o for_o many_o year_n to_o encourage_v you_o esquire_n evelin_n tell_v you_o of_o a_o abele_n that_o do_v shoot_v in_o one_o year_n seventeen_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o as_o thick_a as_o your_o wrist_n and_o also_o inform_v you_o of_o some_o willow_n that_o have_v shoot_v no_o less_o than_o twelve_o foot_n in_o one_o year_n therefore_o to_o those_o gentleman_n that_o have_v wet_a or_o moorish_a ground_n which_o be_v bad_a and_o will_v not_o graze_v well_o do_v i_o direct_v this_o good_a husbandry_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o and_o fell_v well_o the_o charge_n to_o do_v this_o will_v not_o be_v great_a and_o to_o satisfy_v you_o the_o more_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o if_o you_o dig_v two_o spade_n deep_a then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o one_o three_o part_n of_o ground_n to_o dig_v that_o be_v to_o dig_v your_o trench_n one_o yard_n wide_a and_o leave_v two_o yard_n there_o to_o lay_v the_o earth_n and_o to_o sow_v one_o year_n or_o to_o set_v the_o set_v as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v make_v the_o ground_n ready_a 160_o rod_n in_o one_o acre_n divide_v by_o 3_o give_v one_o 3_o d._n of_o 160_o which_o be_v 53_o and_o â…“_n this_o 53_o double_a neglect_v the_o â…“_n as_o needless_a in_o such_o a_o business_n be_v 106_o now_o if_o i_o allow_v 3_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o one_o spade-deep_a that_o be_v 6_o d._n for_o two_o and_o then_o 2_o d._n a_o rod_n for_o set_v be_v 8_o penny_n the_o rod_n leave_v the_o set_v out_o and_o not_o count_v they_o because_o i_o do_v not_o know_v the_o scarceness_n or_o plentifulness_n of_o they_o where_o you_o intend_v to_o plant_v though_o they_o will_v cost_v but_o little_a now_o if_o i_o divide_v 106_o by_o 2_o be_v 2_o six_o pence_n be_v one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 53_o s._n and_o then_o divide_v 106_o by_o 6_o be_v 6_o two_o pence_n make_v one_o shilling_n be_v 17_o s._n 8._o d._n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v plant_v this_o way_n have_v the_o trench_n dig_v two_o foot_n deep_a which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n to_o plant_v any_o sort_n of_o ground_n if_o the_o soil_n be_v shallow_a as_o i_o shall_v show_v full_a hereafter_o the_o charge_n except_v the_o set_v be_v but_o 3_o l._n 10_o s._n 8_o d._n where_o man_n can_v dig_v such_o ground_n for_o 3_o d._n the_o rod._n but_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v not_o very_o wet_a or_o the_o soyl_v surface_n very_o shallow_a then_o may_v you_o dig_v one_o yard_n and_o leave_v another_o throwing_z half_a your_o earth_n on_o one_o side_n and_o half_a on_o the_o other_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v a_o acre_n of_o ground_n this_o way_n there_o will_v not_o be_v half_o dig_v especial_o if_o the_o ground_n be_v a_o oblong_a square_n but_o if_o you_o count_v it_o at_o half_a that_o be_v 80_o rod_n which_o at_o the_o same_o price_n 3_o d._n the_o rod_n be_v 20_o s._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o threepence_n by_o four_o the_o three_o in_o a_o shilling_n the_o quotient_a give_v 20_o then_o 80_o twopence_n for_o set_v be_v 13_o s._n 4_o d._n for_o if_o you_o divide_v 80_o by_o 6_o the_o twopence_n in_o one_o shilling_n it_o give_v 13_o in_o the_o quotient_a and_o 2_o over_o which_o 2_o twopence_n be_v 4_o d._n that_o be_v then_o 13_o s._n 4_o d._n and_o 20_o s._n be_v one_o pound_n 13_o s._n 4_o d._n charge_n yet_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o the_o more_o oblong_o the_o piece_n be_v it_o will_v cost_v somewhat_o the_o less_o provide_v you_o divide_v your_o ground_n into_o yard_n or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o you_o can_v and_o leave_v a_o yard_n next_o the_o side_n where_o you_o begin_v and_o one_o at_o the_o side_n where_o you_o end_n have_v show_v you_o the_o charge_n or_o pretty_a near_o it_o and_o also_o two_o way_n how_o to_o prepare_v your_o ground_n you_o may_v set_v truncheon_n of_o water-pople_a all_o sort_n of_o sallowe_n alder_n willow_n oziers_n &c._n &c._n of_o root_n abele_n poplar_n and_o if_o not_o too_o wet_a elm_n ash_n etc._n etc._n let_v none_o of_o these_o soft_a wood_n stand_v too_o long_o unlopt_v if_o pollard_n or_o unfel_v if_o stub_n for_o the_o reason_n before_o mention_v of_o all_o the_o popler_n water-pople_a endure_v best_o lop_n when_o great_a than_o the_o abele_n the_o asp_n worst_o when_o the_o bough_n be_v great_a this_o water-pople_a do_v not_o increase_v of_o a_o runner_n as_o the_o other_o do_v i_o suppose_v this_o be_v the_o same_o which_o some_o call_v the_o black-pople_a it_o grow_v in_o several_a place_n about_o ware_n by_o their_o ditch-side_n and_o bring_v they_o good_a profit_n and_o therefore_o you_o that_o have_v wet_a ground_n get_v some_o of_o this_o to_o set_v by_o your_o ditch_n one_o row_n of_o this_o and_o one_o of_o willow_n for_o if_o you_o set_v one_o of_o these_o worth_n a_o halfpenny_n if_o they_o grow_v they_o will_v bring_v you_o that_o yearly_a for_o twenty_o year_n or_o more_o prune_n all_o soft_a wood_n at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o winter_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxvi_o of_o raise_v the_o alder._n this_o tree_n may_v be_v raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o other_o i_o last_o write_v of_o some_o say_v of_o seed_n but_o if_o you_o cut_v they_o about_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o set_v they_o two_o foot_n in_o the_o ground_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v proper_a for_o they_o they_o will_v certain_o grow_v and_o yield_v you_o good_a profit_n they_o love_v a_o wet_a moorish_a ground_n and_o will_v not_o grow_v on_o dry_a ground_n they_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o your_o boggy_a ground_n which_o seldom_o yield_v good_a grass_n some_o advise_v you_o to_o fell_v they_o every_o three_o or_o four_o year_n which_o be_v good_a counsel_n but_o do_v not_o defer_v above_o five_o or_o six_o year_n the_o wound_a place_n will_v be_v too_o great_a if_o you_o stay_v long_o and_o with_o wet_a will_v grow_v hollow_a if_o it_o be_v great_a before_o it_o can_v overgrow_v the_o wound_n as_o for_o soft_a wood_n or_o aquatic_a tree_n fell_a or_o lop_v none_o till_o to_o ward_n the_o spring_n viz._n february_n be_v the_o best_a season_n and_o the_o moon_n increase_a chap._n xxvii_o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n the_o withy_a do_v best_a grow_v on_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o moist_a but_o yet_o the_o moisture_n must_v not_o be_v far_o from_o he_o as_o on_o the_o weep_a side_n of_o a_o hill_n where_o some_o spring_n break_v out_o or_o on_o bank_n by_o river_n or_o ditch_n side_n or_o on_o bank_n in_o your_o moorish_a ground_n etc._n etc._n the_o willow_n love_v to_o grow_v on_o such_o like_a ground_n both_o this_o and_o the_o former_a be_v set_v in_o such_o place_n as_o the_o water-pople_a be_v and_o of_o such_o set_v as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v pollard_n tree_n see_v the_o chapt._n before_o of_o the_o water-pople_a
and_o chap._n 6._o which_o teach_v how_o to_o set_v all_o sort_n of_o cut_n remember_v to_o keep_v they_o well_o fence_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o to_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side-shoots_a which_o they_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o put_v out_o below_o the_o head_n and_o thin_a the_o head_n as_o you_o see_v it_o convenient_a leave_v not_o above_o six_o or_o eight_o for_o arm_n so_o do_v will_v make_v the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n swell_v and_o lie_v hold_v on_o the_o ground_n the_o better_a and_o as_o for_o the_o variety_n of_o kind_n of_o these_o and_o the_o follow_v i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o to_o inquire_v after_o for_o i_o intend_v only_o to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o not_o to_o describe_v they_o and_o if_o you_o know_v how_o to_o raise_v some_o you_o may_v then_o soon_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v they_o all_o but_o there_o be_v one_o sort_n more_o which_o be_v call_v the_o smell_a willow_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o it_o shoot_v a_o great_a shoot_n bear_v fine_a broad_a shine_a green_a leave_n and_o will_v grow_v on_o most_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o too_o dry_a it_o bear_v a_o sweet_a beautiful_a flower_n and_o worthy_a to_o be_v set_v in_o orchard_n you_o that_o have_v river_n run_v by_o your_o orchard_n plant_v some_o of_o this_o if_o you_o have_v not_o yet_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a and_o pretty_a good_a it_o will_v grow_v mighty_o and_o yield_v ornament_n and_o profit_n it_o be_v easy_o increase_v of_o cut_n which_o if_o set_v as_o be_v show_v in_o chap._n 6._o will_v grow_v every_o one_o only_a mind_n if_o your_o ground_n have_v a_o dry_a bottom_n than_o set_v they_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o a_o wall_n beside_o the_o beauty_n and_o smell_n the_o industrious_a bee_n love_v it_o much_o it_o be_v as_o easy_o increase_v as_o any_o sallow_a and_o bear_v as_o good_a a_o lop_n then_o endeavour_v to_o make_v it_o as_o common_a from_o one_o small_a plant_n i_o have_v raise_v some_o hundred_o and_o have_v set_v several_a in_o our_o wood-walks_a at_o cashiobury_n where_o they_o grow_v well_o notwithstanding_o our_o dry_a ground_n but_o they_o be_v root_v before_o i_o set_v they_o there_o i_o commend_v the_o like_a husbandry_n to_o the_o lover_n of_o plant_v and_o to_o those_o that_o be_v lover_n of_o that_o busy_a martial_a creature_n for_o it_o be_v a_o early_a relief_n to_o they_o it_o may_v also_o be_v very_o plentiful_o increase_v by_o lay_v for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o cover_v with_o ground_n it_o will_v root_n of_o sallow_n there_o be_v three_o common_a sort_n all_o of_o they_o love_v a_o moist_a ground_n but_o that_o with_o the_o round_a leaf_n will_v grow_v on_o bank_n as_o in_o hedge_n for_o if_o you_o set_v they_o for_o stake_n they_o will_v take_v root_n and_o though_o they_o be_v no_o very_o good_a fence_n yet_o they_o will_v yield_v good_a profit_n the_o two_o other_o grow_v best_a on_o moorish_a ground_n and_o there_o will_v yield_v great_a shoot_n they_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n much_o and_o may_v be_v increase_v well_o by_o lay_v both_o which_o way_n you_o may_v thicken_v your_o wood_n very_o much_o but_o than_o you_o must_v keep_v out_o cattle_n especial_o all_o deer_n for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o above_o they_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o seed_n as_o the_o elm_n be_v some_o year_n for_o the_o seed_n be_v not_o all_o year_n good_a with_o we_o no_o more_o be_v the_o elm_n and_o line_n i_o have_v raise_v many_o of_o they_o of_o seed_n in_o the_o downy_a substance_n but_o they_o be_v so_o easy_o increase_v by_o cut_n and_o lay_v that_o you_o need_v not_o trouble_v yourself_o to_o raise_v they_o of_o seed_n it_o be_v as_o profitable_a a_o wood_n for_o under-wood_n in_o wood_n as_o any_o you_o can_v set_v in_o they_o for_o fire_n produce_v strong_a and_o great_a shoot_n therefore_o where_o you_o stock_n up_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n set_v two_o or_o three_o sallow_a truncheon_n with_o some_o other_o wood_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o run_v as_o elm_n cherry_n abele_n etc._n etc._n so_o may_v you_o have_v a_o thin_a wood_n make_v a_o thick_a good_a wood_n or_o if_o you_o have_v a_o ground_n that_o be_v moorish_a and_o will_v not_o yield_v good_a grass_n then_o plant_v as_o be_v before_o show_v of_o the_o water-pople_a and_o it_o will_v yield_v you_o quick_a and_o great_a profit_n if_o you_o will_v see_v more_o large_o of_o these_o sallowe_n etc._n etc._n see_v esquire_n evelyn_n 19_o the_o chapt._n he_o tell_v you_o you_o may_v graft_v fig_n and_o mulberry_n on_o they_o and_o that_o they_o will_v thrive_v exceed_o the_o first_o be_v true_a you_o may_v graft_v on_o they_o but_o you_o have_v best_o try_v the_o other_o for_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v borrow_v from_o pliny_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o forbear_v of_o oziers_n there_o be_v several_a sort_n and_o be_v all_o raise_v of_o truncheon_n as_o the_o sallow_a they_o love_v a_o moist_a and_o more_o moorish_a ground_n than_o the_o sallow_a or_o willow_n the_o basket-maker_n know_v best_a the_o time_n to_o fell_v they_o which_o may_v be_v do_v any_o time_n in_o winter_n they_o must_v be_v keep_v well_o fence_v from_o cattle_n and_o thus_o i_o shall_v conclude_v of_o the_o aquatic_a tree_n only_o let_v i_o desire_v all_o those_o that_o have_v moorish_a ground_n and_o such_o as_o yield_v little_a profit_n especial_o where_o wood_n be_v scarce_o but_o to_o make_v use_n of_o these_o sure_a direction_n and_o i_o do_v engage_v you_o a_o great_a and_o certain_a profit_n chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n these_o stately_a tree_n want_v more_o respect_n with_o we_o than_o they_o have_v and_o there_o be_v three_o thing_n which_o make_v it_o so_o the_o first_o be_v ignorance_n in_o plant_v they_o and_o that_o be_v they_o miss_v the_o right_a time_n or_o season_n of_o the_o year_n to_o set_v they_o plant_v they_o when_o other_o tree_n be_v plant_v as_o from_o november_n to_o march_v which_o be_v the_o very_o worst_a time_n in_o the_o year_n but_o the_o best_a time_n to_o remove_v these_o or_o most_o sort_n of_o green_n be_v from_o mid_a march_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n or_o from_o mid_a august_n to_o the_o last_o which_o be_v the_o very_o best_a time_n unless_o for_o tender_a green_n and_o i_o shall_v not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v any_o of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n they_o love_v not_o dung_n but_o a_o fresh_a gravelly_a soil_n mix_v with_o loom_n also_o mind_n but_o the_o root_n and_o they_o will_v tell_v you_o that_o these_o sort_n of_o tree_n must_v not_o be_v set_v too_o deep_a therefore_o take_v heed_n you_o commit_v not_o that_o fault_n to_o they_o for_o if_o you_o look_v into_o gerrard_n herbal_a with_o jonson_n addition_n to_o it_o pag._n 1364._o you_o be_v there_o inform_v by_o that_o laborious_a author_n that_o firre_v grow_v on_o the_o top_n of_o rock_n in_o great_a plenty_n and_o also_o large_a tree_n in_o the_o cold_a country_n of_o norway_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o pine_n that_o grow_v in_o the_o cold_a country_n beyond_o denmark_n as_o in_o russia_n etc._n etc._n then_o certain_o they_o may_v and_o will_v grow_v here_o in_o england_n very_o well_o if_o you_o will_v but_o mind_n to_o set_v and_o preserve_v they_o then_o a_o second_o reason_n why_o man_n do_v raise_v but_o few_o of_o these_o and_o plant_v but_o few_o may_v be_v because_o they_o love_v they_o not_o and_o it_o be_v with_o other_o man_n because_o they_o many_o time_n die_v or_o do_v not_o grow_v well_o with_o they_o and_o this_o make_v they_o not_o fancy_v they_o but_o such_o man_n want_v good_a instruction_n and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v give_v they_o some_o that_o will_v make_v they_o again_o in_o charity_n with_o these_o fine_a tree_n but_o other_o there_o be_v that_o have_v ground_n and_o fit_a place_n to_o plant_v tree_n in_o but_o mind_v they_o not_o these_o man_n do_v not_o love_v tree_n no_o nor_o themselves_o nor_o their_o posterity_n the_o three_o great_a hindrance_n of_o plant_v these_o and_o other_o tree_n be_v there_o be_v many_o man_n that_o love_v plant_n and_o improve_n of_o tree_n but_o be_v hinder_v by_o not_o have_v ground_n of_o their_o own_o convenient_a to_o plant_v in_o and_o if_o they_o nurse_v up_o or_o plant_v tree_n for_o their_o landlord_n they_o many_o time_n meet_v with_o but_o small_a encouragement_n for_o so_o do_v for_o many_o time_n they_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o their_o farm_n before_o they_o come_v to_o perfection_n or_o if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o be_v come_v to_o be_v fit_a to_o fell_v many_o time_n another_o man_n shall_v have_v they_o as_o cheap_a as_o he_o that_o nurse_v they_o up_o in_o
to_o the_o ditch_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o side_n for_o example_n suppose_v you_o make_v your_o ditch_n a_o yard_n at_o the_o top_n and_o three_o spade_n or_o a_o yard_n deep_a let_v it_o slope_v so_o on_o both_o side_n that_o it_o may_v come_v to_o a_o foot_n wide_a at_o the_o bottom_n but_o let_v the_o hedge-side_n slope_v the_o most_o then_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v green-sword_n and_o stiff_a land_n with_o a_o ture_a iron_n take_v all_o the_o turf_n off_o the_o breadth_n of_o your_o ditch_n then_o cut_v out_o a_o triangle-piece_n all_o along_o next_o the_o bank_n turn_z hat_z upsidet_fw-la down_n for_o to_o make_v the_o slope_n of_o your_o bank_n lay_v some_o of_o the_o turf_n you_o cut_v off_o or_o all_o of_o it_o on_o the_o backside_n of_o that_o triangle-piece_n thereon_o set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a cover_v the_o root_n with_o crumb_n of_o mould_n the_o ditch_n one_o yard_n and_o the_o bank_n a_o yard_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o figure_n 3._o where_o a._n be_v the_o triangle-piece_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o ditch_n b._n the_o piece_n lay_v on_o the_o bank_n with_o the_o turf_n lay_v grass-side_n downward_o and_o the_o set_a on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o piece_n then_o level_v up_o the_o bank_n till_o it_o come_v level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o piece_n b._n and_o then_o lie_v on_o such_o another_o angular_a piece_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o that_o a_o quickset_a as_o the_o other_o then_o level_v up_o as_o before_o and_o set_v another_o angular_a piece_n with_o the_o quick_a on_o the_o top_n so_o have_v you_o three_o row_v of_o quickset_a which_o let_v stand_v about_o one_o foot_n from_o another_o in_o each_o row_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n or_o the_o bank_n be_v dry_a set_v they_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o if_o you_o will_v you_o may_v set_v one_o row_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o three_o row_v set_v each_o against_o other_o open_a triangle_n make_v a_o excellent_a fence_n if_o set_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a see_v fig._n 3_o and_o note_v that_o the_o high_a and_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o quick_a will_v grow_v for_o this_o paradox_n be_v true_a in_o plant_v that_o the_o more_o you_o spend_v the_o more_o you_o shall_v get_v but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o light_a soil_n than_o you_o need_v not_o take_v off_o the_o turf_n from_o the_o triangle-piece_n because_o the_o turf_n will_v make_v such_o ground_n hold_v up_o the_o bank_n the_o better_a but_o than_o it_o will_v grow_v out_o at_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o will_v trouble_v you_o the_o more_o to_o weed_v your_o quick_a and_o beside_o you_o will_v want_v it_o to_o lay_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o your_o bank_n which_o will_v feed_v your_o set_v much_o and_o make_v they_o grow_v the_o better_a but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v a_o stant-hedge_n without_o a_o ditch_n the_o usual_a way_n be_v to_o dig_v a_o trench_n about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a wide_a therein_o set_v two_o or_o three_o row_v of_o quick_a which_o on_o good_a land_n may_v prove_v indifferent_a well_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v bad_a or_o that_o you_o will_v make_v it_o grow_v and_o prosper_v well_o on_o any_o land_n then_o dig_v a_o place_n where_o your_o hedge_n must_v stand_v one_o yard_n wide_a and_o make_v a_o bank_n with_o earth_n one_o yard_n high_a be_v one_o yard_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o narrow_v by_o degree_n to_o a_o foot_n at_o the_o top_n set_z two_o row_v of_o set_v on_o each_o side_n this_o bank_n as_o be_v show_v before_o about_o plant_v the_o bank_n by_o the_o ditch_n or_o you_o may_v make_v this_o bank_n two_o foot_n wide_o below_o and_o two_o foot_n high_a set_v one_o row_n of_o quick_a on_o each_o side_n and_o one_o on_o the_o top_n as_o be_v before_o direct_v and_o ever_o observe_v that_o the_o large_a you_o make_v your_o bank_n the_o better_a your_o set_v will_n grow_v as_o be_v before_o note_v you_o may_v if_o your_o fence_n be_v near_o to_o a_o highway_n have_v earth_n sufficient_a from_o thence_o to_o make_v this_o bank_n which_o will_v be_v a_o little_a fence_n of_o it_o self_n and_o help_v the_o growth_n of_o your_o set_v much_o or_o you_o may_v slope_v off_o your_o ground_n a_o foot_n deep_a by_o this_o bank_n and_o some_o ten_o foot_n off_o come_v out_o to_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n there_o may_v you_o furnish_v yourself_o with_o earth_n to_o make_v the_o bank_n plough_v or_o dig_v up_o that_o ground_n where_o you_o take_v off_o the_o earth_n add_v a_o little_a dung_n to_o it_o which_o you_o may_v sow_v in_o the_o spring_n with_o corn_n or_o hay-seed_n and_o your_o ground_n in_o little_a time_n will_v be_v never_o the_o worse_o especial_o if_o the_o soil_n be_v good_a thus_o have_v set_v your_o hedge_n cut_v off_o all_o the_o set_v within_o one_o inch_n or_o two_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o keep_v they_o weed_v for_o two_o or_o three_o year_n and_o when_o they_o have_v shoot_v two_o year_n on_o good_a or_o three_o year_n on_o indifferent_a ground_n cut_v they_o off_o within_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o ground_n but_o if_o there_o be_v some_o place_n too_o thin_a there_o lay_v down_o some_o into_o the_o gap_n and_o cover_v they_o and_o the_o rest_n over_o one_o inch_n with_o mould_n leave_v the_o end_v of_o the_o the_o layer_n out_o which_o will_v draw_v root_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n let_v his_o be_v practise_v at_o all_o time_n when_o you_o make_v or_o lay_v your_o hedge_n but_o note_n if_o your_o hedge_n be_v set_v with_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n that_o you_o leave_v one_o stand_v uncut_v up_o at_o every_o twenty_o foot_n or_o at_o every_o ten_o or_o twelve_o foot_n if_o the_o ground_n be_v your_o own_o on_o both_o side_n the_o hedge_n then_o may_v you_o so_o order_v they_o by_o prune_v or_o stake_n that_o one_o may_v lean_v into_o one_o ground_n and_o the_o other_o into_o another_o etc._n etc._n prune_n up_o these_o stock_n yearly_a till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o out_o of_o cattle_n reach_v and_o then_o graft_v they_o with_o red-strake_a jennit-moyl_a or_o what_o cider_n or_o other_o fruit_n you_o please_v but_o if_o your_o stock_n be_v of_o apple-kernel_n you_o may_v let_v they_o stand_v ungraft_v and_o they_o will_v yield_v you_o very_o good_a syder-fruit_n but_o stock_n ungraft_v will_v be_v the_o long_a before_o they_o bear_v and_o also_o when_o you_o graft_v you_o may_v be_v certain_a of_o your_o kind_a but_o if_o you_o find_v a_o very_a natural_a stock_n that_o be_v likely_a by_o leaf_n shoot_v and_o bud_n try_v it_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v have_v a_o new_a fine_a fruit_n if_o you_o like_v it_o not_o you_o may_v graft_v it_o when_o you_o please_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o hedge_n when_o it_o have_v shoot_v three_o or_o four_o year_n you_o may_v lay_v for_o to_o make_v a_o fence_n of_o itself_o for_o you_o must_v mind_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o cattle_n till_o it_o come_v to_o be_v lay_v and_o one_o or_o two_o year_n after_o and_o now_o to_o lay_v it_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o few_o rule_n which_o may_v direct_v you_o when_o you_o lay_v any_o fence-hedge_n of_o what_o sort_n of_o wood_n soever_o it_o be_v first_o at_o every_o lay_v lay_v down_o some_o old_a plash_n or_o young_a one_o if_o your_o hedge_n be_v thin_a but_o let_v they_o point_v with_o their_o end_n to_o the_o ditch-side_n of_o the_o bank_n keep_v the_o end_v low_a on_o the_o bank_n they_o will_v the_o better_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n and_o keep_v up_o the_o earth_n of_o your_o bank_n second_o at_o every_o laying_z lay_v earth_n on_o your_o bank_n to_o heighten_v it_o and_o to_o cover_v your_o layer_n all_o but_o the_o end_n which_o earth_n will_v help_v your_o quick_a much_o and_o make_v the_o fence_n the_o better_a by_o heighten_v the_o bank_n and_o deepn_v your_o ditch_n three_o do_v not_o cut_v your_o plash_n too_o much_o but_o just_a so_o much_o as_o they_o may_v well_o bend_v down_o and_o do_v not_o lay_v they_o so_o upright_o as_o some_o of_o our_o workman_n do_v but_o lay_v they_o near_o to_o a_o level_n the_o sap_n will_v break_v out_o at_o several_a place_n the_o better_a and_o not_o run_v so_o much_o to_o the_o end_n as_o it_o will_v when_o they_o lie_v much_o slope_v if_o you_o have_v wood_n to_o spare_v cut_v up_o most_o of_o those_o that_o grow_v near_o the_o ditch_n but_o hang_v the_o bank_n then_o with_o bush_n to_o keep_v the_o cattle_n from_o crop_v they_o the_o first_o year_n these_o will_v shoot_v strong_a and_o secure_v your_o hedge_n well_o keep_v up_o the_o bank_n and_o thicken_v the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n etc._n etc._n four_o
basis_n by_o one_o three_o of_o the_o altitude_n the_o solid_a content_n of_o the_o figure_n be_v have_v which_o you_o may_v value_v at_o such_o a_o price_n as_o firewood_n bear_v with_o you_o i_o will_v give_v you_o one_o example_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o a_o ash_n which_o be_v fell_v in_o a_o place_n call_v the_o old_a orchard_n by_o the_o stable_n at_o cashiobury_n this_o tree_n i_o observe_v by_o several_a of_o the_o rule_n before_o and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 80_o foot_n high_a from_o the_o ground_n to_o the_o top-shoot_a i_o also_o observe_v the_o height_n of_o the_o timber_n to_o be_v 56_o foot_n long_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n then_o set_v a_o ladder_n to_o this_o tree_n about_o 25_o foot_n high_a i_o girth_v it_o with_o a_o packthread_n which_o place_n i_o take_v for_o the_o middle_a girth_n be_v the_o tree_n do_v not_o taper_n and_o it_o girth_v 64_o inch_n upon_o the_o bark_n but_o most_o man_n that_o buy_v timber_n by_o the_o foot_n have_v the_o bark_n take_v off_o at_o the_o girthingplace_n or_o a_o allowance_n for_o the_o bark_n but_o you_o may_v ready_o know_v the_o girth_n of_o the_o tree_n under_o the_o bark_n though_o the_o tree_n be_v stand_v or_o lie_v without_o ever_o take_v off_o the_o bark_n or_o make_v allowance_n by_o guess_n as_o some_o do_v which_o to_o perform_v find_v with_o your_o penknife_n or_o pricker_n the_o thickness_n of_o the_o bark_n or_o you_o may_v cut_v a_o hole_n through_o the_o bark_n in_o the_o girthing-place_n or_o two_o or_o three_o hole_n and_o then_o observe_v the_o mean_a thickness_n as_o on_o the_o foresay_a tree_n the_o bark_n be_v half_o a_o inch_n thick_a double_v make_v one_o inch_n so_o then_o the_o tree_n be_v less_o by_o one_o inch_n in_o the_o diameter_n when_o the_o bark_n be_v off_o then_o by_o this_o general_a rule_n as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n examp._n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 22_o to_o 7_o the_o same_o 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the_o place_n where_o you_o be_v here_o i_o will_v value_v it_o at_o 12_o d._n the_o foot_n though_o it_o be_v sell_v with_o courser_n timber_n at_o a_o under-price_n this_o at_o 12_o d._n the_o foot_n comes_z to_z 4_o l._n 11_o s._n 6_o d._n now_o to_o measure_v the_o head_n of_o this_o tree_n according_a to_o our_o suppose_a rule_n aforesaid_a if_o you_o take_v 56_o the_o length_n of_o the_o timber_n from_o 80_o the_o height_n of_o the_o tree_n there_o remain_v 24_o foot_n for_o the_o head_n this_o 24_o foot_n which_o be_v the_o head_n two_o part_n of_o it_o i_o measure_v as_o a_o solid_a cylinder_n and_o one_o part_n as_o a_o cone_n for_o if_o you_o gird_v all_o the_o bough_n a_o little_a above_o where_o they_o break_v out_o from_o the_o timber_n and_o add_v the_o several_a girth_n together_o they_o will_v girth_n more_o than_o the_o timber_n where_o the_o head_n be_v cut_v off_o two_o part_n of_o the_o 24_o foot_n be_v 16_o which_o i_o measure_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n i_o do_v the_o timber_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n and_o the_o same_o gird_v as_o 12_o be_v to_o 15½_n the_o square_n in_o inch_n so_o be_v 16_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n twice_o repeat_v to_o 26_o foot_n ¾_n for_o the_o ⅔_n of_o the_o head_n now_o for_o the_o ⅓_n of_o the_o head_n which_o must_v be_v measure_v as_o a_o solid_a cone_n we_o must_v find_v the_o basis_n and_o multiply_v the_o content_a thereof_o by_o one_o three_o of_o the_o altitude_n the_o circumference_n of_o the_o basis_n be_v 61_o but_o i_o will_v take_v it_o now_o for_o 60_o inch_n then_o as_o before_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o so_o be_v 60_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n which_o be_v 19_o and_o a_o little_a more_o that_o which_o be_v more_o i_o neglect_v as_o not_o worth_a mind_v in_o such_o a_o business_n as_o this_o half_a 60_o be_v 30_o half_o 19_o be_v 9_o and_o ½_o ex._n to_o work_v it_o by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 1_o to_o 9_o and_o ½_o the_o same_o will_v reach_v from_o 30_o to_o 285_o the_o content_a in_o inch_n of_o the_o basis_n than_o ⅓_n of_o 8_o foot_n be_v 32_o inch_n then_o say_v as_o 1_o to_o 32_o so_o be_v 285_o to_o 9120_o inch_n which_o divide_v by_o 1728_o the_o in._n in_o one_o foot_n square_a be_v 5_o foot_n and_o ¼_n and_o a_o little_a more_o this_o add_v to_o 26_o foot_n ¾_n make_v 32_o foot_n for_o the_o head_n which_o at_o a_o groat_n per_fw-la foot_n be_v 10_o s._n 8_o d._n but_o this_o must_v be_v value_v according_a the_o country_n you_o be_v in_o so_o according_a to_o these_o rule_n this_o tree_n be_v worth_a 5_o l._n 2_o s._n 2_o d._n there_o be_v of_o the_o head_n one_o stack_n and_o near_o a_o quarter_n and_o 12_o faggot_n it_o cost_v 3_o s._n per_fw-la stack_n to_o cut_v out_o and_o be_v worth_a in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o stand_v 10_o s._n you_o see_v how_o near_o the_o rule_n agree_v with_o this_o tree_n but_o if_o the_o tree_n stand_v hang_v down_o hill_n it_o will_v then_o endanger_v the_o timber_n in_o fall_v or_o if_o you_o fear_v the_o timber_n to_o be_v faulty_a or_o some_o of_o the_o arm_n blow_v off_o you_o must_v judge-according_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v oft_o find_v in_o your_o great_a elm_n and_o ash_n that_o they_o be_v hollow_a within_o and_o yet_o good_a timber_n on_o the_o outside_n especial_o some_o length_n of_o they_o towards_o or_o at_o the_o low_a end_n now_o i_o will_v show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v judge_v very_o near_o the_o quantity_n of_o timber_n that_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o tree_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o customary_a way_n examp._n a_o piece_n of_o a_o tree_n 12_o foot_n long_o and_o hollow_a and_o decay_a wood_n at_o one_o end_n 12_o inch_n diameter_n at_o the_o other_o end_n hollow_a and_o decay_a 6_o inch_n diana_n the_o piece_n be_v 26_o inch_n diameter_n under_o the_o bark_n first_o i_o measure_v the_o piece_n as_o if_o all_o sound_a timber_n than_o the_o hollow_a and_o decay_a by_o its_o diameter_n that_o be_v deduct_v from_o the_o piece_n sheweth_z how_o much_o find_v timber_n there_o be_v in_o foot_n and_o part_n measure_v the_o customary_a way_n as_o 7_o to_o 22_o so_o 26_o to_o 81_o 5_o 7_o the_o circumference_n the_o ¼_n of_o it_o be_v 20_o and_o ¼_n and_o somewhat_o more_o as_o 12_o to_o 20_o ¼_n in_o inch_n so_o be_v 12_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n twice_o repeat_v to_o 39_o foot_n and_o ½_o the_o content_a as_o if_o it_o be_v all_o sound_n then_o for_o the_o hollow_a
alder_n water-poplers_a any_o sort_n of_o apple_n that_o have_v a_o black_a burry_n knot_n break_v out_o of_o the_o bough_n that_o knot_n if_o set_v a_o foot_n deep_a in_o good_a ground_n and_o the_o top_n a_o foot_n out_o be_v apt_a to_o grow_v some_o sort_n of_o wilding_n codling_n genniting_n some_o sweeting_n the_o smile_a willow_n quince_n tamarisk_n laurel_n fir_n box_n etc._n etc._n the_o time_n that_o i_o have_v speak_v on_o for_o lay_v your_o layer_n be_v also_o the_o very_o best_a time_n for_o set_v of_o cut_n which_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o foregoing_a chapter_n to_o be_v in_o august_n for_o those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o hold_v their_o leave_n and_o october_n for_o those_o tree_n that_o cast_v their_o leave_n in_o winter_n those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o do_v grow_v of_o cut_n be_v common_a therefore_o you_o may_v take_v your_o choice_n the_o better_a for_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o cut_n which_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o let_v be_v from_o half_a a_o inch_n to_o one_o inch_n diameter_n if_o they_o be_v less_o than_o half_a a_o inch_n diameter_n than_o they_o will_v be_v weak_a with_o a_o great_a pith_n which_o pith_n will_v take_v wet_a and_o be_v likely_a to_o kill_v your_o cut_v and_o beside_o when_o your_o cut_n be_v so_o small_a they_o be_v not_o prepare_v with_o those_o pore_n as_o at_o present_a i_o name_v they_o that_o be_v little_a black_a speck_n on_o the_o bark_n where_o the_o root_n break_v out_o i_o suppose_v if_o set_v in_o the_o ground_n or_o else_o almighty_a god_n for_o a_o sign_n to_o show_v man_n that_o those_o that_o have_v that_o mark_v upon_o they_o will_v grow_v as_o your_o elder_n alder_a sallow_a water-poplers_a etc._n etc._n have_v and_o also_o if_o they_o be_v young_a they_o then_o have_v not_o that_o burry_n knot_n which_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o take_v root_n as_o your_o codling_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o apple_n have_v in_o hard_a wood_n the_o young_a the_o better_o but_o if_o they_o be_v great_a than_o one_o inch_n 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your_o hole_n large_a when_o you_o set_v they_o and_o ram_n or_o tread_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o they_o keep_v they_o moist_a the_o first_o summer_n and_o let_v the_o slant_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n hang_v downward_o and_o if_o your_o cut_v be_v choice_n put_v a_o little_a soft_a wax_n on_o the_o head_n and_o foot_n to_o keep_v out_o air_n and_o wet_n when_o you_o set_v any_o tree_n or_o tree_n in_o your_o wood_n or_o hedge_n be_v mindful_a to_o put_v in_o one_o or_o two_o cut_n with_o they_o it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o time_n lose_v to_o do_v it_o but_o well_o spend_v as_o i_o have_v often_o prove_v chap_n vii_o of_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n and_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o as_o for_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n which_o may_v be_v raise_v only_o from_o part_n of_o a_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n there_o be_v many_o but_o of_o those_o that_o i_o have_v make_v experience_n i_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n give_v a_o account_n first_o let_v the_o tree_n be_v a_o thrive_a tree_n but_o not_o too_o young_a nor_o a_o old_a tree_n for_o if_o it_o be_v too_o young_a than_o the_o root_n will_v be_v too_o small_a for_o this_o purpose_n if_o too_o old_a it_o be_v possible_a the_o root_n may_v be_v a_o decay_a and_o then_o not_o fit_a for_o this_o purpose_n let_v the_o root_n be_v from_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n to_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a diameter_n and_o from_o some_o young_a thrive_a tree_n be_v the_o best_a for_o in_o they_o the_o sap_n be_v plentiful_a and_o therefore_o will_v put_v forth_o the_o great_a shoot_n then_o in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o february_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n dig_v round_o the_o tree_n you_o intend_v to_o increase_v from_o till_o you_o find_v such_o root_n as_o before_o be_v mention_v and_o take_v your_o knife_n cut_v they_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n from_o the_o great_a root_n smooth_a at_o the_o place_n you_o cut_v off_o then_o raise_v up_o that_o end_n put_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o keep_v it_o up_o that_o when_o your_o ground_n be_v level_v again_o the_o end_n of_o this_o root_n so_o cut_v off_o may_v be_v two_o or_o three_o inch_n above_o ground_n i_o do_v judge_n the_o foresaid_a time_n of_o the_o year_n to_o be_v the_o best_a for_o then_o the_o sun_n hasten_v to_o the_o vernal_a equinoctial_a or_o rather_o this_o star_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o libra_n the_o sun_n have_v heat_n and_o a_o strong_a draw_n faculty_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o tree_n draw_v by_o its_o secret_a influence_n on_o the_o several_a branch_n on_o the_o head_n and_o the_o head_n from_o the_o body_n and_o both_o head_n and_o body_n from_o the_o root_n and_o the_o root_n be_v furnish_v with_o sap_n from_o the_o earth_n to_o supply_v the_o body_n and_o the_o head_n be_v then_o the_o fit_a to_o produce_v with_o that_o sap_n a_o new_a tree_n likely_a than_o when_o it_o be_v in_o its_o full_a sap_n viz._n in_o summer_n for_o then_o the_o abundance_n of_o sap_n will_v rather_o choke_v a_o bud_n than_o produce_v one_o out_o of_o the_o root_n if_o the_o root_n be_v of_o such_o sort_n as_o will_v produce_v tree_n from_o part_n of_o the_o root_n and_o then_o the_o wether_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o suffocate_v a_o new_a bud_n that_o will_v be_v so_o full_a of_o sap_n as_o that_o will_v be_v if_o any_o and_o as_o to_o the_o open_n of_o the_o root_n at_o that_o season_n how_o unnatural_a it_o be_v to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o mother-tree_n you_o may_v easy_o judge_n and_o then_o to_o do_v this_o in_o winter_n though_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a motion_n and_o ascend_v of_o the_o sap_n from_o the_o root_n unless_o accidental_o hinder_v by_o frost_n all_o the_o year_n long_o for_o nature_n be_v no_o sluggard_n yet_o to_o cut_v the_o root_n then_o and_o to_o expose_v they_o thus_o cut_v as_o aforesaid_a to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n which_o then_o usual_o be_v great_a the_o frost_n and_o wet_n pierce_v that_o new_a wound_n so_o much_o that_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a to_o ruin_n than_o to_o increase_v its_o kind_a but_o if_o it_o do_v live_v the_o spring_n be_v the_o time_n when_o it_o will_v bud_v therefore_o by_o consequence_n the_o best_a my_o reason_n for_o cut_v the_o root_n two_o or_o three_o inch_n off_o from_o the_o great_a root_n be_v then_o that_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n of_o the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o many_o root_n at_o the_o end_n especial_o if_o smooth_v cut_v off_o and_o so_o the_o better_a for_o the_o tree_n from_o whence_o you_o take_v the_o root_n thus_o much_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o raise_v by_o part_n of_o root_n the_o kind_n which_o may_v be_v thus_o raise_v be_v these_o that_o follow_v viz._n elm_n maple_n poplar_n aspen_n abete_n cherry_n crabtree_n plumb_n white_a bush_n serve_v etc._n etc._n chap._n viii_o what_o soil_n or_o dung_n be_v best_a for_o tree_n or_o their_o seed_n etc._n etc._n any_o sort_n of_o dung_n that_o be_v very_o hot_a of_o itself_o as_o pigeon_n hens-dung_n sea-coal_n or_o wood-ash_n soot_n or_o malt-dust_n such_o or_o as_o heat_n after_o it_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o ground_n as_o horse-dung_n and_o horselitter_n or_o green_a grass_n or_o weeds_o these_o or_o the_o like_a unless_o a_o small_a quantity_n and_o in_o very_o cold_a ground_n be_v better_o save_v than_o use_v for_o tree_n especial_o forest-tree_n some_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v for_o this_o first_o their_o forefather_n have_v not_o meet_v with_o such_o kindness_n therefore_o their_o child_n do_v not_o nor_o can_v digest_v it_o so_o well_o second_o these_o sort_n
be_v break_a brick_n and_o stone_n and_o lime_n be_v very_o good_a for_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n in_o a_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n the_o reason_n be_v tell_v you_o chalk_n break_v small_a into_o piece_n be_v a_o very_a good_a compost_n for_o stiff_a cold_a ground_n there_o be_v much_o difference_n in_o chalk_n but_o that_o which_o be_v soft_a fat_a chalk_n be_v good_a for_o such_o ground_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o for_o ground_n that_o be_v not_o very_o stiff_o let_v your_o reason_n instruct_v you_o further_o lime_n be_v a_o very_a rare_a compost_n for_o cold_a ground_n and_o stiff_a clayes_n for_o its_o heat_n cause_v a_o fume_n and_o its_o tenderness_n make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o fetch_v home_o their_o nourishment_n and_o its_o heat_n be_v great_a at_o first_o therefore_o lay_v not_o on_o too_o much_o on_o no_o ground_n and_o let_v that_o be_v slack_v if_o your_o dry_a ground_n be_v it_o your_o tree_n delight_n to_o grow_v in_o and_o you_o be_v force_v to_o set_v they_o on_o wet_a then_o add_v some_o of_o this_o lime_n among_o your_o earth_n clay_n especial_o that_o sort_n which_o be_v a_o light_a brick-earth_n be_v very_o good_a for_o such_o land_n that_o be_v a_o light_a shovey_n gravel_n or_o have_v too_o much_o sand_n in_o it_o such_o ground_n as_o these_o they_o do_v not_o retain_v the_o spirit_n of_o plant_n for_o when_o nature_n have_v by_o the_o two_o lover_n star-fire_n and_o water_n generate_v their_o babe_n such_o ground_n as_o this_o do_v drink_v down_o too_o fast_o and_o again_o do_v dry_a too_o hasty_o so_o that_o the_o water_n can_v have_v time_n to_o leave_v nor_o to_o prepare_v its_o slime_n which_o be_v the_o mercury_n that_o make_v that_o fume_n which_o feed_v all_o plant_n and_o their_o seed_n but_o this_o clay_n must_v not_o be_v dig_v too_o deep_a for_o than_o it_o want_v of_o that_o which_o feed_v plant_n etc._n etc._n i_o have_v take_v the_o green_a slime_n that_o be_v common_a in_o stand_v water_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v the_o frog_n spawn_n which_o be_v cast_v many_o time_n into_o this_o and_o have_v dry_v it_o and_o beat_v it_o into_o fine_a dust_n and_o then_o have_v mix_v it_o with_o good_a fresh_a earth_n and_o have_v find_v very_o good_a success_n in_o raise_v several_a sort_n of_o flower-seed_n and_o other_o though_o i_o have_v note_n of_o they_o yet_o it_o be_v out_o of_o my_o road_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o now_o be_v i_o be_o write_v of_o the_o stately_a forrest-tree_n however_o i_o may_v its_o possible_a write_v somewhat_o of_o they_o if_o the_o lord_n permit_v and_o according_a as_o i_o find_v these_o few_o line_n accept_v of_o by_o some_o of_o the_o royal_a oak_n of_o this_o our_o age._n for_o i_o do_v suppose_v that_o there_o be_v not_o one_o thing_n in_o garden_v yet_o well_o know_v for_o as_o a_o learned_a author_n have_v it_o he_o that_o know_v a_o thing_n well_o must_v know_v what_o it_o be_v be_v and_o shall_v be_v therefore_o all_o humane_a knowledge_n be_v but_o a_o shadow_n of_o superficial_a learning_n reflect_v upon_o man_n imagination_n but_o not_o the_o least_o thing_n comprehend_v substantial_o but_o to_o the_o business_n in_o hand_n take_v clay_n or_o loom_n and_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o too_o thick_a the_o beginning_n of_o winter_n and_o there_o let_v it_o be_v till_o the_o frost_n have_v make_v it_o fall_v into_o mould_n then_o in_o some_o dry_a open_a time_n harrow_v it_o all_o over_o and_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o plough_n then_o plough_v it_o in_o a_o dry_a time_n but_o if_o it_o be_v ground_n you_o trench_n for_o forrest_n or_o fruit-tree_n observe_v to_o order_v it_o so_o for_o by_o thus_o do_v the_o clay_n will_v mix_v with_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n much_o the_o better_o the_o better_a that_o any_o man_n chew_v his_o meat_n it_o be_v certain_o the_o easy_a to_o digest_v and_o the_o dry_a you_o put_v it_o into_o your_o ground_n provide_v it_o have_v but_o time_n to_o water_n itself_o well_o before_o your_o tree_n be_v set_v it_o be_v the_o better_a for_o than_o it_o draw_v the_o mercury_n and_o store_v it_o up_o till_o the_o root_n have_v occasion_n for_o it_o for_o it_o be_v quick_o exhale_v out_o of_o sand_n but_o the_o clay_n hold_v his_o store_n till_o a_o time_n of_o necessity_n and_o then_o contribute_v to_o the_o root_n that_o be_v in_o dry_a weather_n and_o the_o small_a you_o make_v it_o to_o mix_v with_o your_o ground_n the_o likely_a the_o small_a root_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a be_v to_o meet_v with_o it_o note_v further_o that_o the_o small_a your_o plant_n be_v the_o fine_a must_v your_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o skreen_v fift_a beat_v turn_v etc._n etc._n i_o know_v by_o good_a success_n this_o to_o be_v true_a for_o the_o right_n honourable_a my_o lord_n and_o the_o more_o to_o be_v honour_v because_o a_o great_a planter_n and_o as_o great_a a_o lover_n thereof_o give_v i_o order_n to_o make_v three_o walk_n of_o line-tree_n from_o the_o new_a garden_n to_o the_o new_a bowling-green_n and_o withal_o to_o make_v they_o descend_v towards_o the_o house_n as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v which_o to_o do_v i_o be_v force_v to_o cut_v through_o one_o hill_n thirty_o rod_n most_o of_o the_o hill_n two_o foot-deep_a into_o a_o sharp_a gravel_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o all_o the_o length_n of_o the_o walk_n be_v the_o same_o they_o be_v tree_n that_o i_o raise_v of_o seed_n most_o of_o they_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o layer_n at_o hadham-hail_a they_o be_v with_o my_o lord_n ever_o since_o their_o minority_n and_o he_o many_o time_n their_o barber_n engage_v he_o to_o have_v the_o more_o particular_a kindness_n for_o they_o therefore_o he_o order_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o think_v good_a in_o prepare_v the_o ground_n for_o they_o which_o i_o do_v as_o follow_v first_o i_o level_v the_o hill_n and_o when_o i_o have_v bring_v the_o ground_n near_o to_o the_o level_n conclude_v on_o i_o stake_v out_o my_o ground_n where_o every_o tree_n shall_v stand_v and_o then_o order_v my_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v for_o my_o tree_n each_o hole_n three_o foot-deep_a and_o four_o foot-wide_a be_v the_o ground_n be_v so_o bad_a this_o i_o do_v near_o a_o year_n before_o i_o set_v my_o tree_n and_o have_v the_o convenience_n of_o brick-earth_n near_o i_o get_v near_o a_o load_n to_o every_o hole_n and_o mix_v this_o with_o the_o earth_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o holes_n turn_v it_o over_o twice_o and_o in_o dry_a weather_n throw_v out_o the_o great_a stone_n but_o the_o turf_n i_o do_v throw_v into_o each_o hole_n the_o grass-side_n downward_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v make_v but_o the_o hill_n of_o gravel_n i_o trench_v that_o with_o loom_n cowdung_n and_o the_o litter_n under_o the_o cow-rack_n two_o spade_n deep_a and_o five_o foot_n on_o each_o side_n every_o row_n of_o tree_n thus_o have_v prepare_v my_o ground_n and_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n come_v about_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n 1672._o i_o have_v the_o tree_n take_v up_o with_o good_a help_n as_o careful_o as_o i_o can_v and_o carry_v to_o cashiobury_n the_o place_n of_o their_o now_o abide_v and_o then_o have_v good_a store_n of_o help_n and_o good_a mould_n prepare_v of_o the_o small_a and_o fine_a i_o set_v the_o tree_n with_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o root_n of_o each_o tree_n level_a with_o the_o top_n of_o the_o ground_n make_v a_o round_a hill_n half_a a_o foot_n high_a about_o every_o tree_n and_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o hole_n have_v prune_v the_o head_n of_o each_o tree_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o bruise_a root_n and_o the_o end_n of_o such_o root_n as_o be_v break_v i_o sort_v the_o tree_n and_o observe_v this_o method_n in_o place_v they_o namely_o i_o set_v the_o high_a next_o the_o bowling-green_n and_o so_o short_a and_o short_a till_o the_o low_a be_v next_o to_o the_o garden_n which_o i_o do_v for_o these_o reason_n next_o the_o green_n be_v the_o worst_a ground_n and_o the_o tree_n more_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v spoil_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o market-path_n that_o go_v cross_v that_o end_n of_o the_o walk_n to_o watford_n thus_o have_v set_v my_o tree_n straight_o in_o their_o row_v and_o tread_v the_o earth_n close_o to_o their_o root_n and_o make_v my_o hill_n i_o then_o lay_v round_o every_o tree_n upon_o those_o hill_n wet_a litter_n take_v off_o from_o the_o dunghill_n a_o good_a barrow-full_a to_o every_o tree_n and_o cover_v that_o with_o a_o little_a mould_n leave_v they_o to_o take_v their_o rest_n for_o a_o time_n but_o early_o in_o the_o spring_n i_o find_v they_o to_o begin_v their_o progress_n and_o that_o summer_n they_o have_v such_o head_n
and_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n that_o shoot_v much_o in_o a_o year_n for_o it_o yield_v a_o great_a fume_v and_o such_o plant_n can_v well_o dispose_v of_o it_o cowdung_n be_v a_o good_a soil_n for_o most_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o hot_a ground_n and_o better_a for_o durable_a plant_n than_o it_o be_v for_o annual_n it_o be_v excellent_a for_o many_o sort_n of_o rare_a flower_n if_o first_o it_o be_v thorow-rotten_a and_o then_o dry_v and_o beat_v to_o dust_n and_o some_o fresh_a fine_a earth_n then_o mix_v well_o with_o it_o deers-dung_n be_v much_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o cow_n or_o bullock_n but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a for_o tender_a and_o small_a plant_n sheeps-dung_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o more_o agreeable_a to_o tender_v and_o small_a seed_n and_o plant_n by_o this_o our_o yeoman_n and_o farmer_n find_v good_a profit_n by_o fold_v their_o sheep_n every_o night_n on_o their_o own_o land_n for_o there_o they_o find_v a_o far_o certain_a benefit_n on_o their_o ground_n by_o the_o dung_n and_o urine_n which_o the_o sheep_n make_v in_o one_o night_n though_o it_o be_v not_o long_o last_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o sure_a help_n for_o the_o first_o crop_n and_o a_o good_a addition_n to_o the_o second_o this_o may_v teach_v you_o that_o a_o thin_a sprinkle_n of_o dung_n be_v more_o sure_a most_o year_n for_o your_o corn-land_n than_o great_a quantity_n and_o also_o that_o to_o break_v your_o dung_n small_a be_v best_a for_o the_o small_a the_o better_o especial_o if_o you_o have_v lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n not_o long_o before_o you_o sow_v especial_o for_o your_o summer-crop_n from_o this_o i_o do_v advise_v my_o ingenuous_a countryman_n of_o these_o few_o rule_n which_o be_v speak_v before_o to_o well_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o your_o land_n and_o by_o so_o do_v to_o enrich_v it_o with_o such_o soil_n and_o dung_n as_o be_v most_o natural_a to_o the_o ground_n and_o to_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v on_o it_o and_o to_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n at_o the_o most_o convenient_a time_n first_o as_o to_o the_o ground_n i_o have_v hint_v at_o many_o useful_a compost_n and_o also_o that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v far_o more_o proper_a for_o some_o ground_n than_o they_o be_v for_o other_o though_o there_o be_v many_o more_o sort_n that_o may_v be_v and_o be_v make_v use_n of_o to_o very_o good_a effect_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v myself_o nor_o you_o with_o the_o name_v any_o more_o know_v that_o he_o that_o understand_v to_o number_v to_o 20_o in_o arithmetic_n may_v soon_o count_v to_o a_o 100_o now_o as_o to_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v whether_o it_o be_v of_o tree_n plant_n or_o any_o sort_n of_o grain_n the_o small_a your_o seed_n be_v make_v the_o ground_n the_o fine_a the_o quick_a your_o seed_n be_v of_o growth_n and_o the_o more_o they_o run_v into_o stalk_n or_o leaf_n your_o dung_n may_v then_o be_v the_o new_a and_o strong_a and_o the_o more_o in_o quantity_n according_a to_o the_o digestion_n of_o your_o plant_n but_o if_o for_o tree_n or_o plant_n of_o long_a last_a then_o let_v the_o dung_n be_v the_o more_o rot_a and_o the_o more_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o shoot_v great_a shoot_n the_o more_o you_o may_v allow_v they_o but_o let_v they_o be_v sure_a of_o some_o such_o ground_n as_o they_o natural_o delight_v to_o grow_v in_o and_o also_o to_o allow_v they_o room_n that_o be_v large_a enough_o for_o high_a and_o lofty_a spirit_n do_v not_o love_v to_o be_v confine_v to_o little_a and_o small_a cottage_n and_o as_o for_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o ground_n if_o the_o time_n be_v the_o spring_n that_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o sow_v your_o seed_n then_o lay_v such_o dung_n as_o be_v hot_a and_o dry_a early_a on_o your_o ground_n and_o rather_o err_v in_o too_o little_a than_o too_o much_o such_o dung_n as_o be_v your_o pigeon_n hen_n sea-coal-ash_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o they_o be_v hot_a and_o moist_a such_o as_o horse-dung_n horselitter_n or_o green_a grass_n hay_o etc._n etc._n these_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o annual_n and_o it_o be_v not_o good_a to_o be_v too_o spare_v towards_o these_o tender_a plant_n rather_o err_v in_o keep_v your_o dung_n too_o dry_a than_o too_o wet_a for_o in_o so_o do_v you_o shall_v keep_v its_o heat_n the_o long_o and_o have_v the_o more_o command_n to_o keep_v it_o so_o but_o if_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v dung_n on_o ground_n to_o help_v such_o tree_n or_o plant_n as_o be_v not_o annual_a but_o more_o slow_a in_o their_o progress_n then_o mix_v such_o dung_n thin_a and_o not_o too_o near_o the_o root_n but_o if_o it_o be_v the_o autumn_n season_n that_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n then_o lay_v it_o something_o thick_a for_o the_o winter_n will_v qualify_v the_o strength_n and_o heat_n of_o it_o to_o conclude_v if_o you_o be_v to_o lay_v dung_n on_o land_n that_o you_o be_v to_o sow_v with_o seed_n that_o do_v not_o run_v much_o into_o stalk_n and_o be_v but_o slow_a in_o grow_v then_o do_v as_o our_o farmer_n do_v let_v it_o be_v rot_v and_o mix_v well_o with_o mould_n before_o you_o lay_v it_o on_o your_o land_n and_o then_o your_o grain_n or_o seed_n will_v the_o better_o agree_v with_o it_o or_o else_o you_o may_v find_v on_o your_o land_n strong_a great_a weed_n such_o as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o incline_v to_o for_o strong_a land_n will_v produce_v the_o strong_a weed_n and_o the_o other_o contrary_n therefore_o if_o your_o dung_n be_v too_o rank_a and_o new_a for_o the_o seed_n you_o intend_v to_o sow_v your_o ground_n with_o then_o mix_v it_o with_o some_o other_o compost_n as_o be_v most_o proper_a for_o your_o land_n and_o most_o convenient_a to_o be_v have_v and_o if_o your_o land_n be_v stiff_a then_o mix_v it_o with_o chalk_n light_v sandy_a ground_n or_o somewhat_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n lay_v a_o good_a quantity_n of_o earth_n first_o than_o your_o dung_n and_o then_o earth_n to_o cover_v your_o dung_n 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best_o be_v sure_a to_o furnish_v your_o ground_n with_o store_n of_o they_o second_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v moist_a then_o set_v in_o good_a store_n of_o the_o cut_n of_o alder_n willow_n sallow_a especial_o the_o two_o last_o on_o any_o ground_n for_o if_o there_o come_v a_o wet_a spring_n or_o a_o moist_a summer_n many_o of_o they_o will_v grow_v and_o produce_v good_a under-wood_n if_o set_v as_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o 26_o the_o or_o 27_o the_o chapter_n though_o the_o ground_n be_v dry_a and_o a_o gravel-bottom_a yet_o they_o will_v thrive_v and_o produce_v good_a shoot_n in_o a_o little_a time_n as_o i_o have_v find_v true_a at_o cashiobury_n etc._n etc._n three_o if_o you_o be_v mind_v to_o sow_v seed_n than_o you_o must_v prepare_v your_o ground_n with_o a_o good_a tillage_n before_o you_o sow_v your_o seed_n as_o much_o as_o you_o do_v for_o sow_v of_o barley_n and_o have_v all_o your_o seed_n ready_a prepare_v by_o be_v keep_v some_o time_n in_o a_o house_n till_o 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you_o may_v make_v your_o hole_n square_a if_o you_o please_v see_v figure_n 1_o this_o be_v much_o like_a to_o that_o question_n whether_o be_v half_a a_o foot_n square_n or_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n most_o when_o as_o i_o have_v hear_v some_o say_v they_o be_v both_o alike_o but_o it_o be_v their_o mistake_n for_o ½_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v only_o 6_o inch_n every_o way_n that_o be_v 6_o time_n 6_o be_v 36_o and_o 6_o time_n 36_o be_v 216_o inch_n when_o as_o half_o a_o square_a foot_n be_v the_o half_a of_o a_o cubical_a square_a foot_n the_o number_n be_v 12_o the_o square_a root_n be_v 144_o for_o 12_o time_n 12_o make_v 144_o and_o 12_o time_n 144_o make_v 1728_o the_o cube_n now_o the_o half_a of_o 1728_o be_v 864_o which_o be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a foot_n then_o if_o you_o divide_v 864_o by_o 216_o you_o will_v find_v 4_o for_o the_o quotient_a so_o that_o half_o a_o foot_n square_n be_v but_o ¼_n of_o half_a a_o square_a foot_n this_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v as_o plain_a as_o i_o can_v that_o i_o may_v be_v understand_v by_o every_o countrey-capacity_n now_o if_o you_o be_v to_o plant_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n after_o the_o aforesaid_a manner_n the_o charge_n will_v be_v as_o follow_v if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a dig_v ground_n you_o may_v have_v 20_o hole_n make_v for_o 12_o d._n two_o foot_n wide_a and_o two_o foot_n deep_a so_o there_o will_v be_v four_o time_n 160_o hole_n which_o be_v 640_o hole_n at_o 20_o for_o 12_o d._n that_o be_v 32_o s._n and_o then_o i_o allow_v for_o every_o hole_n 2_o set_v so_o than_o it_o will_v take_v 1280_o set_v which_o will_v cost_v you_o together_o about_o 4_o d._n the_o 120._o of_o any_o sort_n of_o wood_n which_o come_v to_o about_o 3_o s._n 6_o d._n then_o for_o every_o hole_n 2_o sallow_a or_o willow_n cut_n 3._o s._n then_o 5_o man_n to_o set_v they_o 6_o s._n and_o then_o key_n and_o seed_n to_o sow_v among_o your_o set_v next_o spring_n 5_o s._n 6_o d._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n make_v holes_n 01_o 12_o 00_o set_v 00_o 03_o 06_o sallow_a truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o man_n to_o set_v they_o 00_o 06_o 00_o key_n and_o seed_n 00_o 05_o 06_o whole_a charge_n 02_o 10_o 00_o so_o that_o the_o charge_n of_o one_o acre_n of_o ground_n plant_v this_o way_n will_v cost_v you_o about_o 2_o l._n 10_o s._n where_o workman_n and_o set_v may_v be_v have_v at_o such_o a_o price_n the_o spring_n after_o i_o advise_v to_o sow_v acorn_n sycamore-keye_n apple_n and_o crab-stampings_a etc._n etc._n let_v this_o sow_v be_v do_v so_o oft_o as_o you_o find_v stamping_n and_o key_n to_o be_v have_v till_o you_o find_v your_o wood_n very_o thick_a i_o do_v sow_v all_o the_o stamping_n of_o apple_n and_o crab_n at_o cashiobury_n among_o our_o young_a wood_n which_o i_o have_v set_v and_o the_o ground_n not_o produce_v a_o strong_a grass_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o come_v up_o thick_a and_o do_v well_o but_o take_v care_v you_o let_v they_o not_o lie_v too_o thick_a long_a for_o if_o you_o do_v the_o 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and_o if_o you_o divide_v this_o 120_o by_o 40_o there_o then_o will_v be_v 3_o in_o the_o quotient_a which_o show_v that_o 40_o be_v ⅓_n of_o 120_o so_o that_o 4840_o set_v at_o 120_o for_o 4_o d._n will_v cost_v thirteen_o shilling_n five_o penny_n one_o farthing_n and_o one_o three_o part_n of_o a_o farthing_n for_o truncheon_n of_o sallow_a and_o willow_n 3_o s._n and_o for_o seed_n 10_o s._n  _fw-fr l._n s._n d._n plough_v 00_o 04_o 00_o digging_z 01_o 06_o 08_o to_o a_o man_n to_o set_v 00_o 06_o 08_o for_o set_v 00_o 13_o 06_o for_o truncheon_n 00_o 03_o 00_o for_o key_n nut_n and_o seed_n 00_o 10_o 00_o whole_a charge_n be_v 03_o 03_o 10_o thus_o have_v i_o show_v some_o way_n for_o the_o plant_n of_o wood_n and_o also_o what_o charge_v it_o will_v cost_v you_o though_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o low_a rate_n that_o good_a dig_v ground_n can_v be_v do_v at_o and_o where_o man_n work_v for_o 10_o d._n per_fw-la day_n yet_o if_o you_o love_v plant_n and_o your_o ground_n be_v 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hedge_n and_o a_o very_a fine_a show_n when_o it_o be_v full_a of_o its_o fine_a red_a berry_n which_o appear_v like_o bead_n of_o red_a coral_n among_o the_o dark_a green_a leave_n it_o like_v our_o entertainment_n so_o well_o that_o it_o will_v grow_v well_o on_o most_o ground_n our_o winter_n disturb_v it_o not_o and_o it_o be_v very_o easy_a to_o be_v multiply_v or_o increase_v by_o lay_v or_o cut_n they_o that_o have_v store_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v lover_n of_o plant_n i_o hope_v will_v not_o be_v without_o these_o few_o name_v and_o many_o more_o that_o will_v be_v very_o acceptable_a but_o they_o be_v not_o some_o of_o they_o so_o proper_a for_o hedge_n many_o more_o there_o be_v that_o will_v make_v very_o fine_a hedge_n for_o pleasure_n if_o well_o keep_v as_o the_o double-blossom_n cherry_n the_o laurus_fw-la tinus_fw-la or_o wild_a bay_n primme_a savin_n etc._n etc._n these_o few_o be_v only_o for_o ornament_n and_o make_v any_o of_o they_o fine_a hedge_n alone_o or_o 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very_o curious_a hedge_n of_o pear_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n but_o i_o be_o too_o far_o get_v into_o the_o orchard_n or_o garden_n i_o must_v retreat_v to_o my_o forrest-tree_n to_o shelter_v i_o from_o the_o gardiner_n anger_n of_o those_o sort_n that_o be_v for_o ornament_n profit_n and_o for_o fence_n i_o have_v tell_v you_o that_o there_o be_v two_o peculiar_a sort_n viz._n the_o white-thorn_n and_o the_o crab_n which_o be_v indeed_o the_o most_o proper_a to_o fence_v in_o our_o forrest-tree_n and_o wood_n of_o any_o i_o know_v i_o know_v most_o hedge_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o many_o sort_n of_o wood_n be_v apt_a to_o come_v too_o fast_o without_o plant_v set_v of_o white-thorn_n which_o in_o most_o place_n be_v plentiful_a to_o be_v have_v burr_n if_o you_o will_v raise_v they_o of_o haws_n order_v they_o as_o be_v show_v of_o the_o cherry_n or_o yew-berry_n now_o to_o raise_v your_o crab_n or_o apple-stock_n though_o the_o crab-stock_n be_v better_a than_o your_o apple-stock_n for_o the_o crab_n grow_v more_o rugged_a strong_a and_o be_v more_o last_a but_o stock_n raise_v of_o apple-kernel_n will_v do_v well_o let_v your_o ground_n be_v well_o prepare_v by_o digging_z and_o picking_z it_o clean_o from_o weed_n mix_v it_o with_o some_o good_a rot_a dung_n then_o when_o the_o time_n be_v that_o they_o beat_v their_o crab_n for_o verjuice_n or_o apple_n for_o cider_n then_o prepare_v yourself_o with_o so_o many_o as_o you_o think_v be_v convenient_a for_o your_o ground_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v stamp_v sow_v they_o if_o you_o can_v for_o if_o they_o lie_v long_o in_o the_o stamping_n that_o will_v heat_n and_o spoil_v your_o kernel_n therefore_o if_o you_o have_v they_o to_o fetch_v far_o or_o that_o you_o can_v sow_v they_o instant_o then_o let_v they_o be_v sift_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o apple_n and_o spread_v thin_a or_o mix_v with_o dry_a sand_n till_o you_o have_v opportunity_n to_o sow_v they_o or_o you_o may_v keep_v they_o in_o sand_n the_o kernel_n i_o mean_v a_o little_a moist_a till_o february_n and_o then_o sow_v they_o but_o be_v sure_a your_o ground_n be_v well_o prepare_v beforehand_o with_o good_a tillage_n and_o clean_o pick_v cover_v they_o about_o one_o inch_n or_o a_o little_a more_o with_o fine_a mould_n afterward_o when_o they_o come_v up_o keep_v they_o constant_o clean_a from_o weed_n remember_v if_o you_o sow_v at_o michaelmas_n that_o you_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v trap_n set_v for_o fear_v mouse_n rob_v you_o of_o your_o kernel_n thus_o may_v you_o raise_v what_o quantity_n of_o stock_n you_o please_v which_o at_o two_o and_o three_o year_n old_a you_o may_v set_v where_o you_o will_v have_v they_o to_o stand_v for_o to_o raise_v tree_n or_o to_o make_v hedge_n for_o fence_v in_o your_o ground_n keep_v they_o clean_o from_o weed_n by_o digging_z or_o hoe_z thus_o have_v show_v you_o how_o to_o furnish_v yourselves_o with_o store_n of_o stock_n in_o a_o little_a time_n which_o will_v make_v you_o as_o strong_a and_o good_a fence_n as_o most_o wood_n whatsoever_o and_o be_v very_o profitable_a too_o both_o to_o yield_v good_a liquor_n for_o drink_v and_o to_o bring_v good_a fuel_n to_o the_o fire_n i_o shall_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o plant_v these_o quickset_n both_o for_o hedge_n with_o ditch_n and_o for_o stant-hedge_n as_o some_o call_v they_o without_o ditch_n first_o strain_v a_o line_n where_o the_o inside_n of_o your_o ditch_n must_v go_v next_o your_o hedge_n then_o mark_v along_o by_o the_o line_n slope_v as_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bank_n of_o your_o hedge_n to_o slope_v then_o strain_v the_o line_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o ditch_n and_o mark_v it_o out_o slope_v inward_a
lay_v your_o hedge_n pretty_a thick_a turn_v the_o beard_n on_o the_o ditch-side_n but_o do_v not_o let_v the_o beard_n hang_v uncut_v as_o the_o common_a workman_n do_v though_o it_o do_v make_v a_o good_a show_n at_o first_o make_v but_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o straggle_a bough_n within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o hedge_n on_o both_o side_n then_o will_v it_o shoot_v strong_a at_o these_o place_n and_o thicken_v your_o hedge_n much_o the_o more_o of_o this_o reason_n may_v inform_v you_o as_o it_o do_v i_o and_o experience_n will_v afterward_o confirm_v it_o five_o if_o you_o have_v get_v a_o good_a high_a bank_n make_v your_o hedge_n so_o low_a as_o you_o think_v it_o may_v but_o just_o serve_v for_o fence_v the_o first_o year_n for_o it_o will_v soon_o grow_v high_a and_o the_o low_a your_o hedge_n be_v make_v the_o quick_a will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o the_o bottom_n will_v be_v the_o thick_a but_o take_v care_n to_o keep_v out_o cattle_n from_o the_o field-side_n the_o first_o year_n after_o it_o be_v make_v six_o if_o you_o will_v have_v a_o good_a hedge_n for_o fence_n you_o must_v fell_v it_o often_o do_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o take_v care_n at_o every_o fell_n to_o root_n out_o elder_a traveller_n joy_n that_o be_v bull-bine_a as_o some_o call_v it_o briany_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o leave_v not_o too_o many_o high_a standard-tree_n or_o pollard_n in_o it_o the_o elm_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a do_v not_o use_v too_o much_o dead_a wood_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o your_o hedge_n for_o that_o choke_v your_o quick_a but_o if_o you_o have_v a_o gap_n make_v your_o dead_a hedge_n at_o a_o distance_n much_o more_o i_o can_v say_v of_o hedge_n but_o i_o forbear_v only_o i_o can_v pass_v by_o the_o learned_a esquire_n good_a advice_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 50._o which_o be_v this_o i_o do_v only_o wish_v upon_o the_o prospect_n and_o meditation_n of_o the_o universal_a benefit_n that_o every_o person_n whatsoever_o worth_a ten_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la within_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v by_o some_o indispensable_a statute_n oblige_v to_o plant_v his_o hedge-rowe_n with_o the_o best_a and_o most_o useful_a kind_n of_o they_o especial_o in_o such_o place_n of_o the_o nation_n as_o be_v the_o more_o inland_a county_n thus_o far_o the_o learned_a author_n to_o which_o i_o add_v that_o if_o they_o do_v not_o plant_v so_o many_o tree_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o number_n plant_v they_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o plant_v ten_o crab-stock_n for_o the_o want_n of_o one_o tree_n etc._n etc._n if_o this_o be_v but_o as_o much_o in_o use_n with_o we_o as_o it_o in_o hereford-shire_n and_o once_o grow_v to_o a_o custom_n we_o shall_v in_o few_o year_n banish_v out_o foreign_a drink_n by_o this_o our_o excellent_a and_o most_o wholesome_a one_o beside_o our_o tree_n in_o shallow_a ground_n will_v thrive_v better_o in_o bank_n of_o hedge-rowe_n than_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ground_n again_o say_v he_o undoubted_o if_o this_o course_n be_v effectual_o take_v a_o very_a considerable_a part_n both_o of_o meat_n and_o drink_v which_o be_v spend_v in_o our_o prejudice_n may_v be_v save_v by_o the_o countrypeople_n even_o out_o of_o the_o hedge_n which_o will_v afford_v they_o not_o only_o the_o pleasure_n and_o profit_n of_o their_o delicious_a fruit_n but_o such_o abundance_n of_o cider_n and_o perry_n as_o shall_v suffice_v they_o to_o drink_v of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o excellent_a beaverage_n in_o the_o world_n old_a gerrard_n do_v long_o since_o allege_v we_o a_o example_n worthy_a to_o be_v pursue_v i_o have_v see_v say_v he_o speak_v of_o appletree_n lib._n 3._o ch_n 101._o in_o the_o pasture_n and_o hedge-rowe_n about_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o worshipful_a gentleman_n dwell_v two_o mile_n from_o hereford_n call_v mr._n roger_n bodnome_n so_o many_o fruit-tree_n of_o all_o sort_n that_o the_o servant_n drink_v for_o the_o most_o part_n no_o other_o drink_v but_o that_o which_o be_v make_v of_o apple_n the_o quantity_n be_v such_o that_o by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o gentleman_n himself_o the_o parson_n have_v for_o tithe_n many_o hogshead_n of_o cider_n a_o example_n doubtless_o to_o be_v follow_v of_o gentleman_n that_o have_v land_n but_o envy_n say_v the_o poor_a will_v break_v down_o our_o hedge_n and_o we_o shall_v have_v the_o least_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n however_o i_o advise_v you_o to_o go_v forward_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n graft_n set_v plant_v and_o nourish_v up_o tree_n every_o corner_n of_o your_o ground_n the_o labour_n be_v small_a the_o cost_n be_v nothing_o the_o commodity_n be_v great_a yourselves_o shall_v have_v plenty_n the_o poor_a shall_v have_v somewhat_o in_o time_n of_o want_n to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o god_n shall_v reward_v your_o mind_n and_o diligence_n thus_o far_o honest_a gerard._n and_o in_o truth_n with_o how_o small_a charge_n and_o with_o how_o great_a pleasure_n this_o be_v to_o be_v effect_v every_o one_o that_o be_v patron_n of_o a_o little_a nursery_n can_v easy_o calculate_v but_o by_o this_o expedient_a many_o thousand_o of_o acre_n sow_v now_o with_o barley_n may_v be_v cultivate_v for_o wheat_n or_o convert_v into_o pasture_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o corn_n and_o cattle_n beside_o the_o timber_n which_o the_o pear-tree_n do_v afford_v comparable_a for_o divers_a curious_a use_n with_o most_o this_o also_o will_v make_v timber_n the_o more_o plentiful_a the_o decay_a tree_n and_o prune_a will_v be_v good_a firewood_n one_o thing_n more_o i_o do_v wish_n be_v practise_v in_o our_o hedge_n and_o those_o fine_v severe_o that_o do_v not_o observe_v it_o viz._n that_o there_o shall_v not_o a_o oak_n in_o any_o hedge_n whatsoever_o be_v head_v but_o that_o the_o owner_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o shred_v they_o up_o as_o some_o do_v elm_n though_o not_o to_o stock_n or_o fall_v they_o till_o such_o a_o age_n in_o such_o bank_n we_o shall_v have_v the_o best_a timber_n and_o enrich_v the_o owner_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxxiii_o of_o plant_v several_a sort_n of_o forrest-tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o ground_n as_o orchard_n or_o the_o like_a suppose_v you_o be_v to_o plant_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n or_o more_o with_o walnut_n or_o chestnut_n or_o the_o like_a and_o will_v have_v it_o plant_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n that_o be_v to_o have_v your_o tree_n stand_v in_o good_a order_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o to_o have_v as_o many_o tree_n as_o convenient_o you_o can_v in_o your_o ground_n which_o be_v suppose_v all_o man_n will_v have_v and_o yet_o your_o tree_n to_o stand_v at_o convenient_a distance_n now_o i_o say_v suppose_v your_o ground_n to_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o a_o geometrical_a square_n in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o may_v begin_v your_o first_o row_n on_o which_o side_n you_o please_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n for_o the_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v you_o must_v first_o resolve_v what_o distance_n your_o tree_n have_v best_o be_v plant_v at_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a ground_n than_o you_o may_v plant_v your_o tree_n at_o somewhat_o the_o great_a distance_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o most_o tree_n delight_v in_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o particular_a chapter_n speak_v of_o each_o kind_a your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o plant_v they_o triangular_a and_o not_o square_a as_o some_o do_v for_o you_o can_v plant_v they_o in_o no_o form_n or_o order_v whatsoever_o to_o be_v more_o please_v to_o the_o most_o noble_a sense_n than_o to_o have_v every_o three_o tree_n to_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n nor_o in_o no_o other_o way_n whatsoever_o to_o have_v so_o many_o tree_n to_o stand_v in_o such_o or_o any_o piece_n of_o ground_n whatsoever_o at_o such_o a_o distance_n for_o satisfaction_n and_o likewise_o to_o demonstrate_v it_o more_o full_o observe_v these_o two_o follow_a figure_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a piece_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v one_o acre_n and_o be_v a_o geometrical_a square_n but_o before_o i_o show_v you_o a_o draft_n or_o you_o stake_n out_o your_o ground_n for_o your_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v first_o consider_v well_o these_o few_o rule_n first_o observe_v the_o distance_n that_o your_o tree_n ought_v to_o be_v plant_v at_o always_o remember_v that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v good_a and_o a_o deep_a soil_n that_o then_o your_o tree_n will_v hold_v the_o long_o and_o by_o consequence_n grow_v to_o the_o great_a perfection_n therefore_o plant_v at_o large_a distance_n as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o be_v to_o plant_v this_o acre_n of_o ground_n with_o syder-apple_n as_o for_o instance_n all_o redstrakes_a which_o be_v a_o excellent_a syder-apple_n and_o be_v likewise_o
you_o make_v a_o equilateral_a triangle_n the_o perpendicular_a of_o that_o be_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o row_v which_o triangle_n i_o have_v draw_v by_o the_o same_o scale_n of_o the_o orchard_n see_v fig._n 4._o see_v chapter_n the_o 44_o the_o the_o breadth_n of_o my_o paper_n 6_o inch_n the_o plat_v 196_o foot_n and_o 66_o of_o 100_o for_o the_o 8_o inch_n my_o scale_n be_v near_o 33_o part_n in_o one_o inch_n but_o i_o take_v 32_o because_o it_o be_v a_o even_a number_n see_v fig._n 4._o if_o you_o will_v try_v the_o perpendicular_a of_o this_o triangle_n it_o be_v but_o 19_o foot_n so_o that_o there_o be_v 3_o foot_n between_o every_o 2_o row_v save_v by_o plant_v your_o ground_n this_o way_n more_o than_o those_o that_o plant_v their_o ground_n to_o have_v every_o 4._o tree_n to_o make_v a_o square_a the_o tree_n stand_v in_o both_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n but_o find_v that_o but_o little_a paper_n bear_v the_o full_a breadth_n of_o 6_o inch_n the_o quarter_n of_o a_o sheet_n and_o this_o be_v less_o square_a by_o twelve_o foot_n than_o my_o full_a draught_n shall_v be_v this_o be_v only_o for_o the_o square_n of_o the_o tree_n i_o draw_v and_o proportion_v my_o scale_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o 5_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a 208_o foot_n divide_v by_o 5_o and_o ½_o show_v that_o your_o scale_n must_v be_v one_o inch_n divide_v into_o 37_o part_n and_o better_o but_o for_o fear_v this_o scale_n shall_v be_v too_o great_a i_o draw_v my_o plat_v by_o the_o scale_n of_o 40_o in_o one_o inch_n so_o if_o you_o divide_v 208_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o ground_n by_o 40_o it_o give_v 5_o inch_n and_o 8_o 40_o and_o so_o broad_a must_v the_o plat_v be_v as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o figure_n thus_o may_v you_o enlarge_v your_o draught_n or_o diminish_v it_o on_o your_o paper_n as_o your_o pleasure_n be_v but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o draw_v all_o your_o draught_n as_o large_a as_o your_o paper_n will_v give_v you_o leave_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o draught_n be_v 21_o foot_n 10_o inch_n asunder_o see_v fig._n 5._o by_o this_o you_o see_v that_o if_o you_o plant_v your_o tree_n triangle_n this_o acre_n of_o ground_n have_v 11_o row_v and_o 104_o tree_n but_o if_o you_o begin_v either_o side_n with_o 10_o as_o before_o i_o begin_v with_o 9_o then_o will_v there_o be_v in_o this_o ground_n 105_o tree_n but_o to_o know_v how_o many_o row_v you_o may_v have_v in_o any_o ground_n do_v thus_o and_o you_o may_v present_o satisfy_v yourself_o you_o see_v the_o ground_n from_o one_o outside_n row_v to_o the_o other_o be_v 196_o foot_n 8_o inch_n which_o divide_v by_o 19_o the_o distance_n that_o the_o row_v be_v asunder_o neglect_v the_o fraction_n as_o needless_a now_o give_v 10_o distance_n always_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v one_o rowe_n or_o in_o a_o range_v of_o tree_n one_o more_o than_o the_o distance_n in_o this_o draught_n the_o tree_n stand_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n but_o square_a see_v fig._n 6._o by_o this_o last_o draught_n it_o appear_v that_o if_o you_o set_v the_o tree_n at_o the_o same_o distance_n and_o set_v they_o square_n that_o then_o there_o will_v be_v but_o 9_o row_v and_o 90_o tree_n in_o this_o square_a acre_n of_o ground_n but_o if_o you_o plant_v they_o triangle_n then_o will_v it_o hold_v 14_o or_o 15_o tree_n more_o but_o if_o your_o plat_v of_o ground_n be_v a_o long_a square_n or_o any_o other_o irregular_a figure_n then_o will_v your_o triangle-way_n hold_v a_o great_a many_o more_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o ground_n beside_o it_o make_v many_o more_o row_v therefore_o more_o please_v to_o the_o eye_n note_v this_o well_o for_o set_v your_o tree_n exact_o have_v find_v the_o distance_n they_o be_v to_o stand_v asunder_o and_o likewise_o how_o many_o row_v with_o a_o line_n lay_v or_o stake_n true_a set_v where_o your_o first_o row_n must_v go_v the_o say_v stake_n will_v be_v of_o good_a use_n to_o set_v the_o tree_n by_o when_o your_o hole_n be_v make_v have_v resolve_v on_o which_o side_n you_o will_v begin_v which_o always_o let_v be_v the_o side_n you_o find_v most_o in_o sight_n set_v down_o your_o two_o corner-stake_n for_o the_o first_o and_o last_o hole_n to_o be_v make_v then_o with_o your_o assistant_n measure_v exact_o in_o your_o row_n by_o the_o line_n 21_o foot_n and_o ten_o inch_n but_o in_o case_n there_o shall_v be_v odd_a measure_n than_o proportion_n it_o as_o be_v show_v before_o by_o make_v one_o hole_n more_o or_o less_o as_o you_o see_v cause_n then_o have_v two_o man_n to_o assist_v you_o with_o a_o chain_n for_o line_n will_v reach_v or_o shrink_v measure_v exact_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o tree_n let_v one_o hold_v at_o one_o tree_n and_o one_o at_o the_o next_o in_o the_o row_n you_o stand_v at_o the_o angle_n with_o the_o chain_n equal_o stiff_a put_v down_o a_o stake_n at_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o go_v on_o to_o the_o next_o two_o tree_n pitch_v down_o your_o stake_n perpendicular_a and_o also_o consider_v the_o thickness_n of_o your_o stake_n thence_o let_v your_o two_o man_n go_v to_o the_o next_o and_o you_o set_v down_o one_o at_o the_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o the_o whole_a ground_n this_o do_v when_o you_o come_v to_o set_v your_o tree_n be_v careful_a to_o keep_v your_o chain_n strain_v both_o side_n alike_o and_o to_o allow_v for_o the_o crookedness_n of_o your_o tree_n and_o when_o you_o have_v get_v two_o row_v plant_v than_o your_o eye_n will_v assist_v you_o well_o enough_o to_o observe_v the_o row_v as_o you_o go_v on_o note_v also_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a and_o a_o square_a than_o your_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o find_v the_o middle_a row_n and_o set_v that_o off_o square_a from_o that_o side_n of_o your_o ground_n you_o mind_v most_o or_o find_v to_o be_v straight_a there_o begin_v to_o mark_v out_o your_o hole_n and_o also_o to_o plant_v your_o tree_n but_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v irregular_a or_o have_v a_o angle_n on_o one_o side_n then_o begin_v on_o your_o straight_a side_n and_o run_v the_o odd_a measure_n into_o the_o angle_n as_o far_o as_o be_v convenient_a to_o plant_v in_o such_o a_o ground_n you_o need_v but_o find_v what_o distance_n your_o first_o row_n must_v be_v set_v at_o but_o if_o your_o ground_n have_v both_o the_o side_n straight_o than_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o set_v the_o side-rowe_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o your_o fence_n thus_o you_o may_v well_o perceive_v that_o it_o be_v but_o measure_v the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o your_o ground_n and_o proportion_n one_o to_o the_o distance_n your_o tree_n be_v to_o stand_v at_o the_o other_o to_o the_o distance_n the_o row_v be_v to_o be_v asunder_o and_o you_o may_v proceed_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o ground_n after_o this_o method_n you_o may_v plant_v any_o sort_n of_o forrest_n tree_n in_o grove_n the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n before_o you_o plant_v a_o tree_n or_o make_v one_o hole_n by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v well_o perceive_v where_o a_o fault_n be_v and_o easy_o mend_v it_o in_o time_n though_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n otherwise_o but_o i_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o judgement_n and_o satisfy_v myself_o with_o experience_n and_o reason_n but_o for_o fear_v any_o thing_n shall_v be_v dubious_a to_o you_o that_o i_o have_v write_v observe_v but_o the_o set_n out_o of_o these_o two_o row_v and_o then_o i_o hope_v it_o will_v be_v plain_o demonstrate_v to_o you_o how_o to_o proceed_v suppose_v the_o length_n of_o your_o ground_n shall_v be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o line_n mark_v at_o the_o end_n thus_o see_v figure_n 7._o have_v stake_v out_o your_o first_o row_n as_o before_o be_v show_v and_o have_v the_o chain_n exact_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o open_n then_o bid_v one_o of_o your_o man_n take_v one_o end_v and_o the_o other_o man_n the_o other_o end_v you_o hold_v exact_o the_o middle_a bid_v one_o hold_n at_o the_o stake_n one_o the_o other_o at_o the_o stake_n two_o then_o pitch_v you_o down_o your_o stake_n right_o at_o the_o angles_n as_o the_o prick_a line_n show_v so_o let_v your_o two_o man_n remove_v from_o stake_n to_o stake_n and_o you_o from_o angle_n to_o angle_n till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o row_n and_o then_o let_v they_o come_v to_o that_o row_n you_o last_o set_v out_o and_o go_v on_o to_o another_o so_o proceed_v till_o you_o have_v stake_v out_o your_o whole_a ground_n thus_o much_o for_o plant_v tree_n in_o orchard_n fashion_n i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a to_o
and_o cut_v upright_a bough_n a_o little_a slope_v off_o they_o will_v heal_v over_o the_o better_a keep_v they_o from_o sucker_n and_o then_o you_o may_v expect_v good_a tree_n and_o fruit_n of_o which_o i_o wish_v your_o hedge-rowe_n be_v full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o tree_n whatsoever_o if_o any_o root_n be_v break_v or_o much_o bruise_v or_o crack_v cut_v they_o off_o till_o you_o come_v to_o firm_a wood_n the_o slope_n tend_v to_o the_o ground_n like_o a_o horsefoot_n but_o be_v very_o spare_v in_o cut_v the_o root_n of_o green_n and_o also_o in_o cut_v their_o head_n off_o yet_o you_o may_v proportion_v the_o head_n to_o the_o root_n by_o cut_v off_o some_o side-bough_n which_o cut_v off_o if_o your_o green_a be_v tender_a the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n or_o in_o april_n and_o cut_v the_o bough_n off_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n from_o the_o body_n and_o that_o time_n come_v twelve_o month_n take_v off_o that_o piece_n close_o and_o cover_v the_o wound_n with_o a_o little_a wax_n or_o clay_n well_o temper_v if_o your_o green_n be_v for_o high_a tree_n endeavour_v to_o make_v they_o taper_n by_o leave_v some_o side-bough_n to_o ease_v the_o head_n in_o all_o tree_n you_o intend_v for_o timber_n be_v cautious_a in_o cut_v off_o their_o head_n especial_o those_o of_o great_a pith_n such_o as_o the_o ash_n walnut_n etc._n etc._n unless_o your_o tree_n grow_v top-heavy_a or_o much_o crooked_a and_o then_o at_o the_o crooked_a place_n cut_v off_o the_o head_n slope_v upward_o and_o nurse_v up_o one_o of_o the_o principal_n shoot_v to_o be_v the_o lead_n shoot_v but_o such_o as_o be_v subject_a to_o die_v when_o head_v or_o any_o tree_n very_o great_a meddle_v not_o with_o such_o the_o beech_n be_v one_o of_o the_o worst_a to_o head_n of_o any_o tree_n i_o know_v such_o tree_n as_o you_o intend_v for_o to_o grow_v to_o a_o certain_a propose_a height_n you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o keep_v they_o taper_n by_o leave_v side-bough_n in_o convenient_a place_n and_o distance_n to_o make_v they_o taper_n cut_v such_o bough_n off_o when_o you_o find_v your_o tree_n be_v swell_v enough_o below_o still_o mind_v to_o take_v off_o the_o great_a side-bough_n and_o leave_v little_a one_o and_o to_o proportion_v your_o head_n by_o keep_v it_o small_a according_a to_o the_o body_n and_o maintain_v the_o lead_n shoot_v let_v it_o have_v no_o equal_n for_o fork_a tree_n be_v never_o straight_o thus_o do_v till_o you_o have_v get_v your_o tree_n to_o the_o height_n you_o intend_v and_o there_o let_v the_o head_n break_v out_o and_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o side-bough_n but_o if_o side-bough_n still_o break_v out_o then_o give_v they_o a_o summer-pruning_a a_o little_a after_o midsummer_n and_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o so_o will_v you_o kill_v they_o and_o have_v a_o fine_a stately_a clear_a body_n and_o fine_a timber-tree_n see_v chap._n 10._o observe_v this_o in_o all_o tree_n you_o will_v have_v grow_v with_o a_o handsome_a straight_a body_n till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o the_o height_n you_o intend_v they_o shall_v head_n at_o while_o your_o tree_n be_v small_a you_o must_v prune_v they_o every_o year_n the_o best_a time_n for_o most_o be_v the_o spring_n but_o hardy_a tree_n and_o wood_n may_v be_v prune_v at_o any_o time_n in_o winter_n when_o they_o be_v a_o little_o old_a once_o in_o two_o year_n than_o once_o in_o three_o and_o then_o in_o four_o and_o never_o seldome_a than_o once_o in_o five_o or_o six_o so_o will_v the_o bough_n be_v small_a the_o tree_n will_v soon_o overgrow_v the_o place_n the_o knot_n will_v not_o be_v great_a to_o vex_v the_o carpenter_n or_o joyner_n at_o all_o the_o place_n will_v not_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o put_v forth_o sucker_n because_o the_o sap_n have_v have_v no_o great_a recourse_n to_o that_o place_n mind_n always_o to_o cut_v off_o your_o bough_n smooth_a and_o close_o to_o the_o body_n this_o if_o you_o please_v to_o do_v you_o may_v have_v fine_a timber_n and_o handsome_a tree_n which_o i_o dare_v engage_v will_v pay_v you_o or_o you_o well_o for_o your_o help_n to_o they_o the_o like_a do_v with_o your_o standard_n fruit-tree_n or_o those_o you_o intend_v for_o pollard_n till_o you_o have_v get_v they_o to_o the_o height_n you_o design_v they_o shall_v head_n at_o and_o at_o set_v if_o they_o be_v tender_a tree_n or_o tree_n that_o have_v great_a pith._n if_o you_o must_v head_n they_o let_v it_o be_v in_o the_o spring_n when_o you_o find_v they_o begin_v to_o bud_v but_o than_o you_o must_v take_v care_n of_o the_o wind_n in_o winter_n that_o they_o shake_v they_o not_o so_o as_o to_o let_v the_o air_n in_o to_o the_o ground_n to_o kill_v the_o root_n therefore_o tie_v they_o to_o good_a stock_n or_o this_o be_v a_o good_a way_n for_o tree_n that_o have_v not_o great_a pith_n or_o be_v very_o tender_a cut_v off_o some_o of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n when_o you_o set_v they_o so_o let_v they_o be_v till_o the_o spring_n and_o when_o you_o see_v the_o 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endeavour_v to_o get_v a_o good_a body_n for_o in_o fruit-tree_n this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o you_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n endeavour_n to_o get_v your_o tree_n in_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o to_o bear_v you_o good_a fruit_n and_o a_o quantity_n rather_o than_o little_a fruit_n early_o and_o then_o never_o good_a fruit_n or_o tree_n after_o therefore_o if_o you_o have_v a_o tree_n that_o do_v not_o thrive_v but_o be_v subject_a to_o blow_v much_o as_o most_o such_o tree_n be_v cut_v off_o the_o blow_a bud_n in_o the_o spring_n as_o low_a to_o a_o leafy_a bud_n as_o you_o can_v and_o some_o shoot_v as_o near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tree_n head_v as_o you_o can_v but_o mind_n to_o leave_v some_o bud_n on_o the_o head_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o sap_n or_o else_o your_o tree_n may_v break_v out_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o body_n or_o a_o little_a above_o ground_n but_o if_o your_o bud_n once_o shoot_v on_o the_o head_n but_o half_o a_o foot_n then_o will_v your_o tree_n come_v away_o thus_o and_o by_o dig_v about_o have_v i_o help_v many_o a_o stunted_a tree_n forward_o which_o you_o may_v do_v likewise_o if_o you_o please_v i_o have_v many_o time_n observe_v several_a fruit-tree_n as_o pear_n apple_n etc._n etc._n to_o be_v full_a of_o false-bearing_a bud_n i_o call_v they_o so_o because_o they_o do_v not_o blow_v for_o the_o tree_n have_v get_v more_o head_n than_o the_o root_n can_v well_o maintain_v have_v not_o strength_n sufficient_a to_o spare_v sap_n for_o blossom_n nor_o yet_o for_o fruit_n which_o by_o prune_v and_o thin_a the_o head_n of_o such_o tree_n and_o by_o slit_v the_o bark_n on_o the_o body_n in_o the_o spring_n have_v make_v they_o afterward_o to_o bear_v well_o when_o they_o have_v put_v forth_o new_a shoot_v at_o the_o head_n and_o some_o sort_n of_o fruit-tree_n there_o be_v which_o will_v blow_v and_o bear_v themselves_o to_o death_n when_o they_o be_v middle-aged_a as_o before_o i_o tell_v you_o some_o young_a one_o will_v if_o not_o help_v by_o prune_v but_o the_o best_a way_n to_o preserve_v such_o tree_n from_o death_n and_o to_o make_v they_o bear_v pretty_a good_a fruit_n be_v to_o cut_v off_o most_o of_o the_o blow_a bud_n and_o to_o thin_a the_o head_n of_o some_o bough_n to_o make_v it_o shoot_v again_o then_o will_v it_o live_v many_o year_n long_o and_o bear_v better_a fruit_n some_o tree_n there_o be_v that_o will_v run_v so_o much_o into_o wood_n that_o they_o will_v not_o bear_v of_o themselves_o till_o they_o come_v to_o be_v old_a but_o if_o you_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o the_o shoot_v
be_v break_v and_o the_o tree_n old_a cut_v it_o off_o at_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o body_n but_o little_a bough_n close_o 12._o if_o a_o tree_n be_v blast_v in_o part_n or_o the_o whole_a head_n cut_v all_o that_o be_v blast_v or_o dead_a close_o off_o to_o the_o quick_a and_o take_v out_o all_o dead_a bough_n keep_v caterpillar_n from_o the_o head_n of_o young_a tree_n lest_o they_o eat_v off_o the_o leave_n and_o bud_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n 13._o take_v care_n to_o destroy_v mole_n and_o mouse_n by_o trap_n or_o poison_n for_o mole_n will_v make_v hollow_a the_o ground_n and_o much_o harm_n your_o young_a tree_n mouse_n will_v eat_v all_o the_o bark_n off_o round_o the_o body_n in_o hard_a winter_n and_o kill_v your_o tree_n but_o mind_v you_o in_o time_n to_o prevent_v they_o 14._o rook_n do_v destroy_v many_o a_o tree_n both_o old_a and_o young_a before_o their_o time_n as_o to_o old_a tree_n by_o pinch_v off_o the_o top_n and_o break_v off_o the_o bud_n and_o young_a tree_n by_o light_v on_o their_o head_n their_o weight_n break_v off_o their_o young_a tender_a shoot_n and_o bud_n cause_n the_o tree_n to_o die_v and_o also_o they_o destroy_v seedling_n where_o they_o breed_v their_o dung_n bring_v forth_o great_a weed_n as_o nettle_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o choke_v the_o young_a seedling_n therefore_o kill_v all_o of_o they_o you_o can_v at_o breeding-time_n by_o shoot_v they_o and_o set_v lime-twips_a on_o the_o top_n of_o your_o young_a tree_n you_o will_v thrive_v the_o better_a if_o you_o destroy_v they_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o felling_n and_o order_v wood_n and_o coppice_n if_o you_o love_v to_o have_v a_o thrive_a wood_n and_o to_o improve_v it_o for_o your_o best_a advantage_n your_o best_a way_n be_v not_o to_o let_v it_o stand_v too_o long_o before_o you_o fall_v for_o the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o under-wood_n the_o thick_a it_o will_v be_v as_o at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n growth_n on_o a_o shallow_a ground_n and_o twelve_o or_o 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let_v his_o tree_n stand_v which_o be_v former_o worth_a 10_o or_o 5_o l._n a_o tree_n or_o more_o till_o they_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o half_a that_o they_o be_v here_o he_o lose_v the_o use_n of_o his_o money_n more_o than_o twenty_o in_o the_o hundred_o if_o it_o be_v a_o oak_n he_o lose_v the_o bark_n with_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ground_n where_o it_o be_v likely_a several_a young_a tree_n may_v have_v be_v if_o that_o have_v be_v take_v down_o in_o time_n i_o know_v that_o some_o person_n of_o quality_n say_v that_o this_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o their_o ground_n but_o i_o think_v no_o great_a than_o it_o will_v be_v to_o their_o person_n to_o wear_v a_o garment_n very_o old_a with_o half_a a_o skirt_n a_o piece_n of_o a_o sleeve_n and_o all_o the_o trim_v off_o but_o i_o shall_v never_o pronounce_v such_o judgement_n against_o tree_n have_v ten_o time_n more_o mercy_n such_o as_o be_v thrive_v unless_o they_o stand_v too_o thick_a i_o will_v entreat_v you_o not_o to_o cut_v down_o for_o you_o do_v not_o lose_v so_o much_o by_o suffer_v the_o tree_n that_o be_v decay_v to_o stand_v but_o you_o hinder_v you_o or_o you_o as_o much_o in_o cut_v down_o a_o young_a thrive_a tree_n there_o be_v too_o many_o man_n in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o before_o they_o sell_v their_o estate_n will_v many_o time_n fall_v off_o all_o their_o timber_n that_o be_v good_a and_o which_o will_v have_v thrive_v well_o for_o many_o year_n and_o so_o by_o the_o money_n they_o make_v of_o that_o they_o lengthen_v out_o the_o time_n before_o they_o sell_v i_o wish_v that_o my_o vote_n though_o single_a can_v persuade_v those_o man_n that_o be_v resolve_v to_o sell_v such_o timber_n that_o they_o will_v also_o sell_v their_o land_n with_o it_o and_o i_o do_v not_o question_v but_o the_o purchaser_n if_o a_o lover_n of_o timber_n as_o most_o purchaser_n be_v will_v then_o give_v more_o for_o the_o timber_n to_o stand_v by_o at_o least_o 12_o d._n in_o the_o pound_n rather_o than_o 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in_o 12_o the_o side_n in_o inch_n of_o a_o superficial_a foot_n square_a to_o 18_o inch_n the_o square_a of_o the_o tree_n keep_v the_o compass_n fix_v and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o 58_o the_o length_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o foot_n but_o it_o must_v be_v the_o 58_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n or_o else_o the_o compass_n will_v go_v off_o the_o rull_n and_o then_o turn_v the_o compass_n twice_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o last_o movable_a point_n of_o the_o compass_n will_v fall_v upon_o 130_o foot_n and_o something_o above_o a_o half_a but_o that_o division_n be_v so_o small_a a_o man_n can_v read_v well_o how_o much_o it_o be_v if_o it_o be_v above_o half_a a_o foot_n this_o be_v the_o customary_a way_n with_o most_o man_n to_o measure_v tree_n though_o it_o make_v less_o than_o there_o be_v which_o in_o reason_n ought_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o price_n and_o not_o in_o the_o false_a measure_n but_o i_o will_v here_o show_v you_o how_o to_o work_v both_o the_o 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the_o diameter_n at_o the_o end_n or_o by_o have_v the_o side_n of_o a_o square_a equal_a to_o the_o base_a thereof_o but_o we_o have_v the_o circumference_n which_o be_v 72_o inch_n i_o shall_v proceed_v that_o way_n and_o first_o by_o the_o rule_n and_o compass_n the_o circumference_n be_v 72_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n 696_o inch_n how_o many_o solid_a foot_n be_v there_o in_o such_o a_o tree_n as_o be_v the_o stand_a number_n 147_o 36_o to_o the_o circumference_n 72_o inch_n so_o be_v the_o length_n in_o inch_n 696_o to_o a_o four_o number_n and_o from_o that_o to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n 166_o and_o near_o half_a that_o division_n be_v so_o small_a it_o can_v well_o be_v read_v on_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o the_o 147_o â—6_n â—â—0_o point_n to_o 72_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n keep_v the_o compass_n fix_v and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o the_o number_n 696_o the_o length_n in_o inch_n and_o then_o turn_v your_o compass_n twice_o from_o that_o 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the_o rule_n and_o compass_n it_o be_v well_o when_o this_o tree_n be_v saw_v off_o a_o little_a above_o the_o root_n i_o tell_v just_a 72_o annual_a circle_n some_o of_o they_o be_v the_o great_a that_o i_o ever_o yet_o see_v in_o any_o tree_n and_o those_o be_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o its_o age_n some_o three_o make_v above_o one_o inch_n so_o that_o the_o tree_n than_o do_v grow_v above_o two_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n time_n but_o at_o first_o and_o of_o late_a for_o some_o 6_o or_o 7_o year_n it_o do_v increase_v but_o little_a for_o it_o be_v near_o at_o its_o full_a growth_n so_o that_o if_o you_o multiply_v 12_o the_o semi-diameter_n for_o it_o be_v 24_o inch_n at_o the_o root-end_n by_o 6_o it_o give_v you_o 72_o so_o that_o it_o do_v grow_v one_o year_n with_o another_o 2_o inch_n in_o 6_o year_n or_o one_o inch_n in_o diameter_n in_o three_o year_n i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o tree_n in_o for_o its_o greatness_n but_o for_o its_o quick_a growth_n and_o fine_a length_n of_o timber_n which_o be_v help_v by_o its_o situation_n it_o stand_v in_o a_o valley_n and_o set_v round_o with_o many_o other_o great_a tree_n if_o this_o tree_n have_v be_v sell_v alone_o it_o be_v such_o a_o straight_a tree_n and_o such_o a_o tough_a grain_n for_o your_o great_a grand_a tree_n be_v always_o the_o tough_a to_o some_o pike-maker_n etc._n etc._n it_o have_v be_v worth_a 1_o s._n 6_o d._n the_o foot_n at_o which_o price_n the_o very_a timber_n come_v to_o 09_o l._n 15_o s._n 09_o d._n then_o the_o head_n and_o root_n will_v well_o pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n and_o make_v up_o the_o wood_n and_o make_v up_o this_o sum_n ten_o pound_n too_o i_o do_v not_o bring_v this_o to_o compare_v with_o tree_n that_o be_v and_o have_v be_v for_o the_o ingenious_a author_n in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 84._o tell_v you_o of_o a_o tree_n worth_a 50_o l._n as_o affirm_v by_o capt._n bullock_n but_o i_o mention_v it_o to_o show_v those_o that_o 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sallow-cuttings_a so_o will_v these_o tree_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o grow_v from_o the_o run_a root_n thicken_v your_o wood_n the_o root_n will_v pay_v for_o the_o stocking_n you_o will_v save_v a_o soot_n or_o two_o of_o the_o best_a of_o timber_n and_o the_o root_n of_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a in_o the_o loose_a ground_n where_o you_o make_v the_o hole_n whereas_o the_o old_a root_n will_v keep_v the_o ground_n from_o nourish_v or_o any_o from_o grow_v there_o for_o many_o year_n if_o your_o ground_n be_v a_o shallow_a soil_n do_v not_o fill_v up_o the_o hole_n quite_o but_o set_v in_o some_o run_v wood_n the_o ground_n be_v deep_a by_o the_o hill_n will_v make_v the_o other_o wood_n grow_v better_o and_o the_o end_n of_o several_a root_n be_v cut_v will_v shoot_v forth_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o hole_n will_v receive_v seed_n which_o the_o wind_n will_v blow_v into_o they_o and_o there_o be_v weed_n to_o choke_v they_o they_o will_v grow_v well_o for_o these_o reason_n i_o stock_v up_o all_o the_o great_a tree_n which_o we_o fell_v in_o our_o wood_n at_o cashiobury_n and_o i_o set_v in_o a_o elm_n and_o a_o cherry_n by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hole_n and_o the_o spring_n after_o there_o come_v out_o of_o the_o side-root_n of_o maple_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n which_o make_v good_a shoot_n and_o many_o sallow_n come_v up_o in_o the_o hole_n whereby_o our_o wood_n be_v very_o well_o thicken_v to_o the_o conteut_n of_o my_o ingenious_a lord_n though_o many_o people_n be_v much_o against_o it_o because_o it_o be_v not_o use_v so_o to_o be_v do_v if_o your_o wood_n be_v thin_a at_o every_o fell_n lie_v some_o bough_n which_o be_v most_o convenient_a into_o the_o thin_a place_n and_o before_o next_o fall_v you_o will_v have_v they_o well_o root_v and_o good_a shoot_v from_o they_o a_o man_n will_v do_v a_o great_a many_o in_o one_o day_n for_o which_o you_o will_v be_v well_o satisfy_v in_o time_n december_n and_o january_n be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o fell_a timber_n but_o the_o oak_n in_o april_n if_o you_o will_v have_v the_o bark_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v decrease_v and_o the_o wind_n not_o east_n when_o the_o stub_n of_o your_o underwood_n be_v grow_v great_a stock_n they_o up_o this_o be_v find_v to_o be_v good_a husbandry_n with_o we_o in_o hartfordshire_n which_o they_o call_v runt_v their_o wood_n it_o make_v way_n for_o seedling_n and_o young_a root_n to_o run_v the_o better_a do_v this_o at_o felling-time_n wheresoever_o you_o have_v fell_v tree_n at_o the_o ground_n when_o
up_o your_o instrument_n be_v it_o water-level_n or_o ground-level_n with_o sight_n and_o when_o you_o have_v place_v it_o so_o high_a as_o you_o may_v see_v over_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n as_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o a_o foot_n than_o set_v a_o stake_n in_o the_o middle_n the_o top_n exact_o level_a with_o the_o sight_n and_o one_o on_o the_o high_a side_n the_o top_n level_v with_o the_o middle_a stake_n then_o turn_v the_o level_n or_o lood_n back_o sight_n and_o set_v one_o level_v with_o these_o two_o on_o the_o low_a ground_n so_o have_v you_o three_o stake_n in_o line_n level_a keep_v your_o level_n true_a to_o your_o middle-stake_n and_o turn_v your_o level_n till_o it_o make_v right-angle_n with_o these_o three_o stake_n and_o set_v up_o two_o stake_n at_o each_o side_n one_o level_v with_o those_o three_o so_o have_v you_o five_o stake_n set_v true_a level_n in_o two_o line_n and_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v large_a you_o may_v set_v up_o two_o row_v more_o by_o 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to_o vindicate_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o it_o for_o walk_n i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o follow_a reason_n 1._o i_o do_v suppose_v with_o myself_o that_o whosoever_o be_v a_o lover_n of_o walk_n will_v not_o fell_v the_o timber-tree_n in_o a_o stately_a walk_n while_o the_o timber_n be_v in_o its_o prime_n for_o most_o tree_n will_v continue_v many_o year_n very_o ornamental_a after_o they_o be_v in_o their_o prime_n even_o while_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o no_o use_n but_o fire_n wood_n and_o why_o not_o the_o line_n then_o for_o walk_n as_o well_o as_o any_o sort_n of_o timber_n tree_n 2._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o well_o on_o different_a ground_n as_o any_o tree_n i_o know_v which_o be_v a_o considerable_a encouragement_n to_o the_o ingenious_a planter_n to_o see_v their_o labour_n prosper_v 3._o it_o will_v grow_v as_o great_a and_o as_o high_a if_o keep_v with_o prune_v up_o as_o most_o tree_n we_o have_v for_o the_o greatness_n of_o it_o i_o shall_v borrow_v the_o word_n 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