Selected quad for the lemma: ground_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	branch_n	grow_v	leaf_n	1,875	5	9.3763	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01552	Sylua syluarum: or A naturall historie In ten centuries. VVritten by the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam Viscount St. Alban. Published after the authors death, by VVilliam Rawley Doctor of Diuinitie, late his Lordships chaplaine.	Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626.; Rawley, William, 1588?-1667.; Cecil, Thomas, fl. 1630, engraver.	1627 (1627)	STC 1168; ESTC S106909	303,154	346

participate of Saltnesse as Alga Marina Sampire Scorny-Grasse c. And they report there is in some of the Indian-Seas a Swimming Plant which they call Salgazus spreading ouer the Sea in such sort as one would thinke it were a Meadow It is certaine that out of the Ashes of all Plants they extract a Salt which they vse in Medicines It is reported by one of the Ancients that there is an Herb growing in the Water called Lincostis which is full of Prickles This Herbe putteth forth another small Herbe out of the Leafe which is imputed to some Moisture that is gathered betweene the Prickles which Putrified by the Sunne Germinateth But I remember also I haue seene for a great Rarity one Rose grow out of another like Honey-Suckles that they call Top and Top-gallants Barley as appeareth in the Malting being steeped in Water three dayes and afterwards the Water drained from it and the Barley turned vpon a dry floare will sprout halfe an Inch long at least And if it be let alone and not turned much more vntill the Heart be out Wheat will doe the same Try it also with Pease and Beanes This Experiment is not like that of the Orpin and Semper-Vine For there it is of the old Store for no Water is added But here it is nourished from the Water The Experiment would be further driuen For it appeareth already by that which hath beene said that Earth is not necessary to the first Sprouting of Plants And we see that Rose-Buds set in Water will Blow Therefore try whether the Sprouts of such Graines may not be raised to a further Degree As to an Herbe or Flower with Water onely Or some small Commixture of Earth For if they will it should seeme by the Experiments before both of the Malt and of the Roses that they will come far faster on in Water than in Earth For the Nourishment is easilier drawne out of Water than out of Earth It may giue some light also that Drinke infused with Flesh as that with the Capon c. will nourish faster and easilier than Meat and Drinke together Try the same Experiment with Roots as well as with Graines as for Example take a Turnip and steepe it a while and then dry it and see whether it will sprout Malt in the Dren●bing will swell And in such a manner as after the Putting forth in Sprouts and the drying vpon the Keele there will be gained at least a Bushell in eight and yet the Sprouts are rubbed off And there will be a Bushell of Dust besides the Malt Which I suppose to be not onely by the loose and open Laying of the Parts but by some Addition of Substance drawne from the Water in which it was steeped Malt gathereth a Sweetnesse to the Taste which appeareth yet more in the Wort. The Dulcoration of Things is worthy to be tried to the full For that Dulcoration importeth a degree to Nourishment And the Making of Things Inalimentall to become Alimentall may be an Experiment of great Profit for Making new Victuall Most Seeds in the Growing leaue their Huske or Rinde about the Root But the Onion will carry it vp that it will be like a Cap vpon the Top of the Young Onion The Cause may be for that the Skin or Huske is not easie to breake As we see by the Pilling of Onions what a Holding Substance the Skin is Plants that haue Curled Leaues doe all abound with Moisture Which commeth so fast on as they cannot spread themselues Plaine but must needs gather together The Weakest Kinde of Curling is Roughnesse As in Clary and Burre The Second is Curling on the Sides As in Lettuce and Young Cabbage And the Third is Folding into an Head As in Cabbage full growne and Cabbage-Lettuce It is reported that Firre and Pine especially if they be Old and Putrified though they shine not as some Rotten Woods doe yet in the sudden Breaking they will sparkle like Hard Sugar The Roots of Trees doe some of them put downwards deepe into the Ground As the Oake Pine Firre c. Some spread more towards the Surface of the Earth As the Ash Cypresse-Tree Oline c. The Cause of this latter may be for that such Trees as loue the Sunne doe not willingly descend farre into the Earth And therefore they are commonly Trees that shoot vp much For in their Body their desire of Approach to the Sunne maketh them spread the lesse And the same Reason vnder Ground to auoid Recesse from the Sunne maketh them spread the more And wee see it commeth to passe in some Trees which haue beene planted too deepe in the Ground that forloue of Approach to the Sunne they forsake their first Root and put out another more towards the Top of the Earth And wee see also that the Oliue is full of Oylie Iuyce And Ash maketh the best Fire And Cypresse is an Hot Tree As for the Oake which is of the former sort it loueth the Earth And therefore groweth slowly And for the Pine and Firre likewise they haue so much Heat in themselues as they need lesse the Heat of the Sunne There be Herbs also that haue the same difference As the Herbe they call Morsus Diaboli Which putteth the Root downe so low as you cannot pull it vp without Breaking Which gaue Occasion to the N●me and ●●● For that it was said it was so wholesome a Root that the Deuill when it was gathered bit ●● for Enny And some of the Ancients doe report that there was a Goodly Firre which they desired to remoue whole that had a Root vnder Ground eight Cubits deepe And so the Root came vp broken It hath beene obserued tha● a Branch of a Tree being Vnberked some space at the Botome and so set into the Ground hath growen Euen of such Trees as if the Branch were set with the Barke on they would not grow yet co●●driwise we see that a Tree ●ared round in the Body aboue Ground will die The Cause may be for that the Vnbarke Part draweth the Nourishment best but the Barke continueth it only Grapes will continue Fresh and Moist all Winter long if you hang them Cluster by Cluster in the Roofe of a Warme Roome Especially it when you gather the Cluster you take off with the Cluster some of the Stocke The Reed or Cane is a Watry Plant and groweth not but in the Water It hath these Properties That it is Hollow That it is Knuckled both Stalke and Root That being Drie it is more Hard and Fragile than other Wood That it putteth forth no Boughs though many Stalkes come out of one Root It differeth much in Greatnesse The smallest being fit for Thatching of Houses And Stopping the Chinkes of Ships Better than Glew or Pitch The Second Bignesse is vsed for Angle-Rods and Staues And in China for beating of Offenders vpon the Thighs The differing Kindes of them are The Common Reed The Cassia Fistula And the Sugar-Reed

then they beare not till the Next Yeare But if you graft them in May they will beare the same yeare but late The Seuenth is the Girding of the Body of the Tree about with some Pack-threed For that also in a degree restraineth the Sap and maketh it come vp more late and more Slowly The Eighth in the Planting of them ●● Shade or in a Hedge The Cause is partly the Keeping out of the Sunne which hasteneth the Sap to rise And partly the Robbing of them of Nourishment by the S●uffe in the Hedge These Meanes may be practised vpon other both Trees and Flowers M 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Men haue entertained a Conceit that sheweth prettily Namely that if you grast a Late Comming Fruit vpon a Stocke of a Fruit-tree that ●●●●●● early the Graft will beare Fruit Early At a Peach vpon a Cherry And contrariwise if an Early-Comming Fruit vpon a Stocke of a Fruit-Tree that Commeth late the Grafe will beare Fruit late As a Cherry vpon a Peach But these are but Imaginations and vntrue The Cause is for that the Cions ouerroleth the Stocke quite And the Stocke is but Passue onely and giueth Aliment but no Motion to the Graft We will speake now how to make Fruits Flowers and Ro● larger in more plenty and sweeter than they vse to be And how to make the Trees themselues more Tall more Spread and more Hasty and Sudden than they vse to be Wherein there is no doubt but the former Experiments of Acceleration will serue much to these Purposes And againe that these Experiments which we shall now set downe doe serue also for Acceleration because both Effects proceed from the Encrease of vigour in the Tree But yet to auoid Confusion And because some of the Meanes are more proper for the one Effect and some for the other wee will handle them apart It is an assured Experience that an Heape of flint or Stone laid about the Bottome of a Wilde-Tree as an Oake Elme Ash c. vpon the first Planting doth make it prosper double as much as without it The Cause is for that it retaineth the Moisture which falleth at any time vpon the Tree and suffereth it not to be exhaled by the Sunne Againe it keepeth the Tree warme from Cold Blasts and Frosts as it were in an House It may be also there is somewhat in the Keeping of it steady at the first Quare if Laying of Straw some Height about the Body of a Tree will not make the Tree forwards For though the Root giueth the Sap yet it is the Body that draweth it But you must note that if you lay Stones about the stalke of Lettuce or other Plants that are more soft it will ouer-moisten the Roots so as the Wormes will eat them A Tree at the first Setting should not be Shaken vntill it hath taken Root fully And therefore some haue put two little Forkes about the Bottome of their Trees to keepe them vpright But after a yeares Rooting then Shaking doth the Tree good by Loosening of the Earth and perhaps by Exercising as it were and Stirring the Sap of the Tree Generally the Cutting away of Boughes and Suckers at the Root and Body doth make Trees grow high And contrariwise the Powling and Cutting of the Top maketh them grow spread and bushy As wee see in Pollards c. It is reported that to make hasty Growing Coppice-Woods the way is to take Willow Sallow Poplar Alder of some seuen yeares growth And to set them not vpright but a-slope a reasonable depth vnder the Ground And then instead of one Root they will put forth many and so carry more Shoots vpon a Stemme When you would haue many new Roots of Fruit-trees take a Low Tree and bow it and lay all his Branches a-flat vpon the Ground and cast Earth vpon them And euery Twigge will take Root And this is a very profitable Experiment for Costly Trees for the Boughtes will make Stockes without charge Such as are Apricots Peaches Almonds Cornelians Mulberries Figs c. The like is continually practised with Vines Roses Muske-Roses c. From May to Iuly you may take off the Barke of any Bough being of the Bignesse of three or foure Inches and couer the bare Place somewhat aboue and below with Loame well tempered with Horse-dung binding it fast downe Then cut off the Bough about Alhollontide in the bare place and set it in the Ground And it will grow to be a faire Tree in one Yeare The Cause may be for that the Baring from the Barke keepeth the Sap from descending towards Winter and so holdeth it in the Bough And it may be also that the Loame and Horse-Dung applied to the bare place doe moisten it and cherish it and make it more apt to put forth the Root Note that this may be a generall Meanes for keeping vp the Sap of Trees in their Boughes Which may serue to other Effects It hath beene practised in Trees that shew faire and beare not to Bore a Hole thorow the Heart of the Tree and thereupon it will beare Which may be for that the Tree before had too much Repletion and was oppressed with his owne Sap For Repletion is an Enemy to Generation It hath beene practised in Trees that doe not beare to cleaue two or three of the Chiese Roots and to put into the Cleft a small Pebble which may keepe it open and then it will beare The Cause may be for that a Root of a Tree may be as it were Hide-bound no lesse than the Body of the Tree But it will not keepe open without somewhat put into it It is vsually practised to set Trees that require much Sunne vpon Walls against the South As Apricots Peaches Plums Vines Figs and the like It hath a double Commodity The one the Heat of the Wall by Reflexion The other the Taking away of the Shade For when a Tree groweth round the vpper Boughes ouer-shadow the lower But when it is spread vpon a Wall the Sunne commeth alike vpon the vpper and lower Branches It hath also beene practised by some to pull off some Leanes from the Trees so spread that the Sunne may come vpon the Bough and Fruit the better There hath beene practised also a Curiosity to set a Tree vpon the North-Side of a Wall and at a little height to draw him thorow the Wall and spread him vpon the South-Side Conceiuing that the Root and lower Part of the Stocke should enioy the Freshnesse of the Shade And the Vpper Boughes and Fruit the Comsort of the Sunne But it sorted not The Cause is for that the Root requireth some Comsort from the Sunne though vnder Earth as well as the Body And the Lower Part of the Body more than the Vpper as wee see in Compassing a Tree below with Straw The Lownesse of the Bough where the Fruit commeth maketh the Fruit greater and to ripen better For you shall euer see in Apricots Peaches or Melo-Cotones vpon

the Strength and Quantitie of their Sap and Iuyce Being well munited by their Barke against the Iniuries of the Aire But Herbs draw a Weake luyce And haue a Soft Stalke And therefore those amongst them which last longest are Herbs of Strong Smell and with a Sticky Stalke Trees that beare Mast and Nuts are commonly more lasting than those that beare Fruits Especially the Moister Fruits As Oakes Beeches Chesnuts Wall-nuts Almonds Pine-Trees c. last longer than Apples Peares Plums c. The Cause is the Fatnesse and Oylinesse of the Sap Which euer wasteth lesse than the more Watry Trees that bring forth their Leaues late in the Yeare and cast them likewise late are more lasting than those that sprout their Leaues Early or shed them betimes The Cause is for that the late Comming forth sheweth a Moisture more fixed And the other more loose and more easily resolued And the same Cause is that Wilde-Trees last longer than Garden-Trees And in the same kinde those whose Fruit is Acide more than those whose Fruit is sweet Nothing procureth the Lasting of Trees Bushes and Herbs so much as often Cutting For euery Cutting causeth a Renouation of the Iuyee of the Plant That it neither goeth so farre nor riseth so faintly as when the Plant is not Cut Insomuch as Annuall Plants if you cut them seasonably and will spare the vse of them and suffer them to come vp still young will last more Yeares than one As hath beene partly touched Such as is Lettuce Purslane Cucumber and the like And for Great Trees we see almost all Ouer-growne-Trees in Church-yards or neare Ancient Buildings and the like are Pollards or Dottards and not Trees at their full Height Some Experiment would be made how by Art to make Plants more Lasting than their ordinary Period As to make a Stalke of Wheat c. last a whole yeare You must euer presuppose that you handle it so as the Winter killeth it not For we speake onely of Prolonging the Naturall Period I conceiue that the Rule will hold That whatsoeuer maketh the Herbe come later than at his time will make it last longer time It were good to try it in a Stalke of Wheat c. set in the Shade and encompassed with a Case of Wood not touching the Straw to keepe out Open Aire As for the Preseruation of Fruits and Plants as well vpon the Tree or Stalke as gathered we shall handle it vnder the Title of Conseruation of Bodies The Particular Figures of Plants we leaue to their Descriptions But some few Things in generall we will obserue Trees and Herbs in the Growing forth of their Boughes and Branches are not Figured and keep no Order The Cause is for that the Sap being restrained in the Rinde and Barke breaketh not forth at all As in the Bodies of Trees and Stalkes of Herbs till they begin to branch And then when they make an Eruption they breake forth casually where they finde best way in the Barke or Rinde It is true that some Trees are more scattered in their Boughes As Sallow-Trees Warden-Trees Quince-Trees Medlar-Trees Limon-Trees c. Some are more in the forme of a Pyramis and come almost to todd As the Peare-Tree which the Critickes will haue to borrow his name of ●● Fire Orenge-Trees Firre-Trees Service-Trees Lime-Trees c. And some are more spred and broad As Beeches Hornebeame c. The rest are more indifferent The Cause of Scattering the Boughes is the Hasty breaking forth of the Sap And therefore those Trees rise not in a Body of any Height but branch neare the Ground The Cause of the Pyramis is the Keeping in of the Sap long before it branch And the spending of it when it beginneth to branch by equall degrees The Spreading is caused by the Carrying vp of the Sap plentifully without Expence And then putting it forth speedily and at once There be diuers Herbs but no Trees that may be said to haue some kinde of Order in the Putting forth of their Leaues For they haue Ioynts or Knuckles as it were Stops in their Germination As haue Gilly-Flowers Pinckes Fennell Corne Reeds and Canes The Cause whereof is for that the Sap asoendeth vnequally and doth as it were tire and stop by the way And it seemeth they haue some Closenesse and Hardnesse in their Stalke which bindreth the Sap from going vp vntill it hath gathered into a Knot and so is more vrged to put forth And therefore they are most of them hollow when the Stalke is dry As Fennell-Stalke Stubble and Canes Flowers haue all exquisite Figures And the Flower-Numbers are chiefly Fiue and Foure As in Prime-Roses Brier-Roses Single Muske-Roses Single Pinkes and Gilly-Flowers c. which haue fiue Leaues Lillies Flower-de-luces Borage Buglosse c. which haue foure Leaues But some put forth Leaues not Numbered But they are euer small Ones As Mary-Golds Trisoile c. We see also that the Sockets and Supporters of Flowers are Figured As in the Fiue Brethren of the Rose Sockets of Gilly-Flowers c. Leaues also are all Figured Some Round Some Long None Square And many iagged on the Sides Which Leaues of Flowers seldome are For I account the Iagging of Pinkes and Gilly-Flowers to be like the Inequality of Oake-leaues or Vine-leaues or the like But they seldome or neuer haue any small Purles Of Plants some few put forth their Blossomes before their Leaues As Almonds Peaches Cornelians Black-Thorne c. But most put forth some Leaues before their Blossomes As Apples Peares Plums Cherries White-Thorne c. The Cause is for that those that put forth their Blossomes first haue either an Acute and Sharpe Spirit And therfore commonly they all put forth earely in the Spring and ripen very late As most of the Particulars before mentioned Or else an Oyly Iuyce which is apter to put out Flowers than Leaues Of Plants some are Greene all Winter Others cast their Leaues There are Greene a●l Winter Holly Iny Box Firre Eugh Cypresse Iuniper Bayes Rose-Mary c. The Cause of the Holding Greene is the Close and Compact Substance of their Leaues and the Pedicles of them And the Cause of that againe is either the Tough and Viscous Iuyce of the Plant Or the Strength and Heat thereof Of the first Sort is Holly Which is of so Viscous a Iuyce as they make Bird-lime of the Barke of it The Stalke of Iuy is Tough and not Fragile as we see in other small Twigs dry Firre yeeldeth Pitch Box is a fast and heauy Wood as we see it in Bowles Eugh is a Strong and Tough Wood as we see it in Bowes Of the second Sort is Iuniper which is a Wood Odorate and maketh a hot Fire Bayes is likewise a Hot and Aromatical Wood And so is Rose-Mary for a Shrub As for the Leaues their Density appeareth in that either they are Smooth and Shining as in Bayes Holly Iuy Box c. Or in that they are Hard and Spiry as

because then there is both Dew and Leafe And they breed commonly when the East Winds haue much blowne The Cause whereof is the Drinesse of that Wind For to all Viuification vpon Putrefaction it is requisite the Matter be not too Moist And therefore we see they haue Copwebs about them which is a signe of a Slimy Drinesse As we see vpon the Ground whereupon by Dew and Sunne Copwebs breed all ouer We see also the Greene Catterpiller breedeth in the Inward Parts of Roses especially not blowne where the Dew sticketh But especially Catterpillers both the greatest and the most breed vpon Cabbages which haue a Fat Leafe and apt to Putrifie The Catterpiller towards the End of Summer waxeth Volatile and turneth to a Butterfly or perhaps some other Fly There is a Catterpiller that hath a Furre or Downe vpon him and seemeth to haue Affinity with the Silke-worme The Flyes Cantharides are bred of a Worme or Catterpiller but peculiar to certaine Fruit-Trees As are the Fig-tree the Pine-tree and the Wilde Briar All which beare Sweet Fruit And Fruit that hath a kinde of secret Biting or Sharpnesse For the Fig hath a Milke in it that is Sweet and Corrosiue The Pine-Apple hath a Kernell that is Strong and Absterside The Fruit of the Briar is said to make Children or those that Eat them Scabbed And therefore no maruell though Cantharides haue such a Corrosiue and Cauterizing Quality For there is not any other of the Insecta but is bred of a Duller Matter The Body of the Cantharides is bright coloured And it may be that the delicate-coloured Dragon-Flies may haue likewise some Corrosiue Quality Lassitude is remedied by Bathing or Annointing with Oyle and Warme water The Cause is for that all Lassitude is a kinde of Contusion and Compression of the Parts And Bathing and Annointing giue a Relaxation or Emollition And the Mixture of Oyle and Water is better than either of them alone Because Water Entreth better into the Pores and Oyle after Entry softneth better It is found also that the Taking of Tobacco doth helpe and discharge Lassitude The Reason whereof is partly because by Chearing or Comforting of the Spirits it openeth the Parts Compressed or Contused And chiefly because it refresheth the Spirits by the Opiate Vertue thereof And so dischargeth Wearinesse as Sleepe likewise doth In Going vp a Hill the Knees will be most Weary In Going downe a Hill the Thighes The Cause is for that in the Lift of the Feet when a Man Goeth vp the Hill the Weight of the Body beareth most vpon the Knees And in Going downe the Hill vpon the Thighes The Casting of the Skin is by the Ancients compared to the Breaking of the Secundine or Call but not rightly For that were to make euery Casting of the Skin a New Birth And besides the Secundine is but a generall Couer not shaped according to the Parts But the Skin is shaped according to the Parts The Creatures that cast their Skin are The Snake the Viper the Grashopper the Lizard the Silke worme c. Those that cast their Shell are The Lobster the Crab the Crafish the Hodmandod or Dedman the Tortoise c. The Old Skins are found but the Old Shells neuer So as it is like they scale off and crumble away by degrees And they are knowne by the Extreme Tendernesse and Softnesse of the New Shell And somewhat by the Freshnesse of the Colour of it The Cause of the Casting of Skin and Shell should seeme to be the great Quantity of Matter in those Creatures that is fit to make Skin or Shell And againe the Loosenesse of the Skin or Shell that sticketh not close to the Flesh. For it is certaine that it is the New Skin or Shell that putteth off the Old So we see that in Deere it is the Young Horne that putteth off the Old And in Birds the Young Feathers put off the Old And so Birds that haue much Matter for their Beake cast their Beakes the New Beake Putting off the Old Lying not Erect but Hollow which is in the Making of the Bed Or with the Legges gathered vp which is in the Posture of the Body is the more Wholesome The Reason is the better Comforting of the Stomach which is by that lesse Pensile And we see that in Weake Stomachs the Laying vp of the Legs high and the Knees almost to the Mouth helpeth and comforteth We see also that Gally-Slanes notwithstanding their Misery otherwise are commonly Fat and Fleshy And the Reason is because the Stomach is supported somewhat in Sitting And is Pensile in Standing or Going And therefore for Prolongation of Life it is good to choose those Exercises where the Limbes moue more than the Stomach and Belly As in Rowing and in Sawing being Set. Megrims and Giddinesse are rather when we Rise after long Sitting than while we Sit. The Cause is for that the Vapours which were gathered by Sitting by the Sudden Motion fly more vp into the Head Leaning long vpon any Part maketh it Numme and as wee call it Asleepe The Cause is for that the Compression of the Part suffereth not the Spirits to haue free Accesse And therefore when wee come out of it wee feele a Stinging or ●●●●●ing Which is the Re-entrance of the Spirits It hath beene noted that those Yeares are Pestilentiall and Vnwholesome when there are great Numbers of Frogs Flies Locusts c. The Cause is plaine For that those Creatures being engendred of Putrefaction when they abound shew a generall Disposition of the Yeare and Constitution of the Aire to Diseases of Putrefaction And the same Prognesticke as hath beene said before holdeth if you finde Wormes in Oake-Apples For the Constitution of the Aire appeareth more subtilly in any of these Things than to the Sense of Man It is an Obseruation amongst Country-People that Yeares of Store of Hawes and Heps doe commonly portend Cold Winters And they ascribe it to Gods Prouidence that as the Scripture saith reacheth euen to the Falling of a Sparrow And much more is like to reach to the Preseruation of Birds in such Seasons The Naturall Cause also may be the Want of Heat and Abundance of Moisture in the Summer precedent Which putteth forth those Fruits and must needs leaue great Quantity of Cold Vapours not dissipate Which causeth the Cold of the Winter following They haue in Turkey a Drinke called Coffa made of a Berry of the same Name as Blacke as Soot and of a Strong Sent but not Aromaticall Which they take beaten into Powder in Water as Hot as they can drinke it And they take it and sit at it in their Coffa-Houses which are like our Tauernes This Drinke comforteth the Braine and Heart and helpeth Disgestion Certainly this Berry Coffa The Root and Leafe Betel The Leafe Tobacco And the Teare of Poppy Opium of which the Turks are great Takers supposing it expelleth all Feare doe all Condense