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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
ground_n	body_n	year_n	yield_v	19	3	6.6759	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35234	Historical remarques and observations of the ancient and present state of London and Westminster shewing the foundation, walls, gates, towers, bridges, churches, rivers ... : with an account of the most remarkable accidents as to wars, fires, plagues, and other occurrences which have happened therein for above nine hundred years past, till the year 1681 : illustrated with pictures of the most considerable matters curiously ingraven on copper plates, with the arms of the sixty six companies of London, and the time of their incorporating / by Richard Burton, author of The history of the wars of England.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1681 (1681)	Wing C7329; ESTC R22568	140,180	238

London Mercer who first practised the same in the Abby of Westminstor 1471. This King Henry lost his Kingdom when he had reigned thirty eight years six months and odd days The day after he was murdered he was brought to St. Pauls Church in an open Coffin bare-faced where he bled and from thence carried to Black Fryars where he also bled and lastly was buried at Windsor In the first year of King Edward the fourth Walter Walker Grocer living in Cheapside was beheaded for speaking some words against King Edward In his fourth year there was a great Pestilence and the Thames was frozen over In his 14 year John Grose was burnt on Tower-hill for Religion The same year King Edward in his Progress hunting in Sir Thomas Burdels Park slew many Deer and among the rest a white Buck which Sir Thomas hearing of wished the Bucks head horns and all in his belly who moved the King to kill him Upon which words he was condemned to die and being drawn from the Tower of London to Tyburn was there beheaded Next year George D. of Clarence K. Ed. Brother was drowned in the Tower in a But of Malmsey In his twenty second year some Thieves for Robbery in St. Martins le Grand were drawn to Tower-hill and there hanged and burnt and others were pressed to death In this Kings time Richard Rawson one of the Sheriffs of London caused a House to be built at St. Mary Spittle for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen to hear Sermons in the Easter Holy-days King Edward the fourth being dead his eldest Son Edward not above eleven years old was proclaimed King but never crowned for the Duke of Glocester hearing of his Brothers death comes to London and having gotten the King and his Brother the Duke of York into his hands sends them to the Tower and murders the Lord Hatings who was true to Edward and then endeavours to prove the two children of Edward Illegitimate whereby he at last attained the Crown by the name of Richard the third and afterwards persuades Sir James Tyril to murder the two young Princes in the Tower who getting two other Villains as bad as himself they come to the childrens chamber in the night and suddenly wrapping them up in their cloths and keeping down by force the Feather-bed and Pillows hard upon their mouths so stifled them that their breath being gone they surrendred up their innocent souls and when the Murtherers perceived first by their strugling with the pains of death and then by their long lying still that they were throughly dead they laid their bodies out and then called Sir James Tyril to see them who presently caused their bodies to be buried under the Stairs But these Murderers came all to miserable ends and King Richard himself after this abominable Fact never had a quiet mind but was troubled with fearful dreams and would sometimes start out of his bed and run about the chamber in a great fright as if all the Furies in Hell were about him as he did the night before the Battle at Bosworth Field where he was slain by King Henry the seventh who succeeded to the Crown King Richard took away from Jane Shore one of King Edwards Concubines all her Goods to the value of above 3000 Marks and afterward caused her to do Pennance before the Cross for her Incontinency with a Taper in her hand when though undressed yet she appeared so fair and lovely and likewise so modest that many who hated her course of life yet pitied her course usage since she used all the favour she had with King Edward to the good of many but never to the hurt of any And truly she had cause to complain against Richard for being so severe for her offending against the seventh Commandment onely when he did no pennance for offending heavily against all Ten. But perhaps he got some Good Fellow to be his Confessor After Richard called Crook-back was slain Henry the seventh was proclaimed King In whose time were made several general Laws as that for admitting poor people to sue in Forma Pauperis without paying Fees to Attorney Counsellor or Clerk Another that no person that shall assist by Arms or otherwise the King in being shall ever after be impeached thereof or attainted by course of Law or act of Parliament and that if any such Act of Attainder did happen to 〈◊〉 made it should be void and of none effect In his fifth year it was ordained by Parliament that the Mayor of London should have the conservation o● the River of Thames from Stanes-bridge to the Waters of Yeudale and Medway In his seventeenth year John Shaw Lord Mayor of London caused his Brethren the Aldermen to ride from Guildhall to the Water-side when he went to Westminster to be presented to the Exchequer He also cause● Kitchins and other Conveniences to be built it Guild-hall This King was the first that ordaine a Company of tall proper men to be Yeomen 〈◊〉 the Guard and to attend the person of the King to whom he appointed a Livery and a Capta●● over them In his eighteenth year King He●●● himself being Free of the Tailors Company 〈◊〉 divers Kings before had been namely Richard t● second Henry the fourth fifth and sixth Edwar● the fourth and Richard the third as also eleve● Dukes twenty eight Earls and forty eight Lord He therefore now gave them the name of M●●chant-Taylors as an honourable Title to end 〈◊〉 for ever The 22 of August 1485. the very day King Hen● got the Victory over King Richard a great Fi● happened in Bredstreet London in which was burnt the Parson of St. Mildreds and one person more In his tenth year in digging a new Foundation in the Church of St. Mary-hill in London the body of Alice Hackny who had been buried 175 years before was found whole of skin and the joints of her arms pliable the Corps was kept above ground four days without annoyance and then buried again In his twelfth year on St. Bartholomews day there fell Hail-stones measured twelve Inches about The great Tempest which drove King Philip of Spain into England blew down the Golden Eagle from the Spire of St. Pauls and in the fall it fell upon the sign of the Black Eagle in St. Pauls Church-yard where the School-house now is and broke it down This King was frugal from his Youth the City of London was his Paradice for what good fortune soever befel him he thought he enjoyed it nor till he acquainted them with it His Parliament was his Oracle for in all matters of Importance he would ask their advice yea he put his Prerogative many times into their hands After he had lived fifty two years and reigned twenty three years he died April 22. 1508. Henry the eighth his only Son succeeded him In the ninth year of his reign on May Eve there was an Insurrection of the Young men and Apprentices of London against Foreigners for which Riot several

demonstrate But when Marcus Asclepiodotus had slain him in Battel those French who remained alive after the Fight hastening to London would have plundred the City had not the River Thames who never fail'd to help the Londoners at need very happily brought the Roman Legions to their Assistance who put the Barbarians to the Sword all the City over About which time it is Recorded that Lucius Gallus was slain by a Brookside which ran almost through the City and of him was called by the Brittains Wantgall in English Walbrook which name remains to this day under which there is a Sewer within the ground to carry the Kennel water of the City into the Thames This is not far from London-stone which is thought to be a Milemark or Miliary such as were in the Market Places of Rome from which were taken dimensions of Journeys every way which seems the more probable because this Stone is near the midst of the City as it lyeth in length After this Julius Agricola the Roman Lieutenant perswaded the Brittains to build Houses for themselves and Temples for their Gods to bring up their Children in Learning and to Apparel themselves like Romans so that in a few years after our Saviours Nativity she became famous but especially for the multitude of Merchants Provision and Trade thereof as Cornelius Tacitus notes and was then called by some Authors Londinum by others Augusta under which name her Fame is celebrated by an Ancient Author which is thus Translated by Philemon Holland This City was Augusta call'd To which a truth to say Air Land Sea and all Elements Show favour every way The Weather no where milder is The Ground most rich to see Which yields all sorts of useful Fruit That never spent will be The Ocean that with Thames her Streams His flowing Tyde doth blend Conveys to it Commodities All that the World can send The Noble Seat of Kings it is For State and Royalty Of all the Realm the Fence the Heart The Life the Light the Eye The People Ancient Valorous Expert in Chivalry Enriched with all sorts of Goods Of Art or Mistery Take a strict view of every thing And then say thus in brief This either is a World it self Or of the World the Chief CHAP. II. The Ancient and present Walls and Gates of the City HIstorians report That about the year after Christ 306 Constantine the Great at the desire of his Mother Helena did first build a Wall about this City which may seem more probable considering that the Brittains did understand how to build Walls with Stone as may appear by the following Relation About the Year of Christ 399 when the Empire of Rome was invaded and that City destroyed by the Goths the Romans called away all their Forces from Brittain for the Defence of their own Countrey After which the Brittains being not able to defend themselves were for many years oppressed by two cruel Nations that is the Scots and Picts whereupon they sent Ambassadors with Letters full of Lamentable Supplications and Complaints to Rome to desire their assistance promising constant Obedience to them The Romans sent them a Legion of Souldiers who fought with their Enemies and drove them out of the Countrey And leaving the Brittains at Liberty they advised them to make a Wall cross the Countrey from one Sea to the other for their defence against their troublesome Neighbours and then the Romans returned home in Triumph The Brittains built this Wall in the North of England but wanting Masons they did not make it of Stone as the Romans directed but of Turf which was so weak that it was little Security to them For their Enemies perceiving the Romans were gone they presently came in Boats and invaded their Countrey ruining and wasting all before them Upon which Ambassadors were again sent with fresh Lamentations to Rome beseeching them not to suffer their miserable Countrey to be wholy destroyed The Romans then sent them another Legion who coming suddenly surprized their Enemies and made a great slaughter among them chasing them back again even to their own Countrey The Romans departing home again told the Brittains plainly that the Journey hither was long and troublesome and therefore they must expect no further help from them but must learn to use Armour and weapons themselves thereby to be able to resist their Enemies who were incouraged to invade them because of their Cowardice and Faintheartedness However for the incouragement of their Tributary Friends whom they were now forced to forsake the Romans made them a Wall of hard Stone from the West Sea to the East Sea and built two Cities at each end thereof the Brittains labouring therein also This Wall was built Eight Foot thick and twelve Foot high directly East and West as appears by the ruins to be seen at this day The work being finished the Romans gave them a strict charge to look to themselves and to instruct their People in the use of Arms and Millitary Discipline and least the Enemy should come by Sea Southward they made divers Bulwarks at some distance from each other by the Seaside And then bid the Brittains farewel as intending to return no more This happened in the Reign of Theodosius the younger near 500 years after the first Arrival of the Romans here and about the year of our Lord 434. The Brittains after this had several Skirmishes with the Picts and Scots and made Choice of Vortiger to be their King and Leader who is said to have been neither Wise nor Valiant being wholly given up to Lust and Debauchery And the People likewise having some rest from their Enemies ran into Gluttony Drunkenness Pride Contention Envy and all manner of Vice to the great scandal of their Christian Profession At which time a dreadful Pestilence fell upon them which destroyed such a multitude of them that the quick were not sufficient to bury the dead and yet those that remained alive continued so impenitent that neither the death of their Friends nor fear of their Enemies had any Effect upon them whereupon Divine Justice pursued them even almost to the Destruction of the whole sinful Nation For being now again in danger of utter ruin from their old Neighbours the Scots and Picts they consult with their King Vortiger what to do and at last conclude to call in the Saxons who soon after arrived in Brittain where saith Bede they were received as Friends For having driven out the Picts and Scots they likewise drove out the Brittains forcing some of them to fly over the Seas and others into the barren and waste Mountains of Wales and Cornwall The Saxons were likewise ignorant of building with Stone till the year 680. for it is affirmed that Bennet Abbot of Werral and Master to Reverend Bede first brought in Artificers for Stone houses and Glass Windows unknown before to the Saxons who built only with Wood. And to this Polychronicon agrees who speaking of those times saith

Crown were pleaded in the Tower and divers times afterward In 1222 the Citizens having made a Tumult against the Abbot of Westminster Hubbert of Burg Cheif Justice of England sent for the Lord Mayor and Aldermen to the Tower of London to enquire who were Principal Authors thereof Amongst whom one named Constantine Fitz Aelufe boldly avowed That he was the man and had done much less than he thought to have done whereupon the Cheif Justice sent him with two others to Falks de Brent who with armed men brought them to the Gallows and hanged them In 1244 Griffith Prince of Wales being a Prisoner in the Tower attempted an escape and having in the night tyed the Sheets and hangings together he endeavoured thereby to slide from the top of the High Tower but being a Fat man the weight of his Body brake the Rope and he fell The next morning he was found dead his head and neck being driven into his Breast between the Shoulders In 1253 K. Hen. 3. imprisoned the Sheriffs of London in the Tower above a Month about the escape of a Prisoner out of Newgate as is aforementioned In 1260 this King with his Queen for fear of the Barons lodged in the Tower And the next year he sent for his Lords and held his Parliament there In 1263 As the Queen was going by water from the Tower toward Windsor several Citizens got together upon London Bridge under which she was to pass who not only used reproachful words against her but threw stones and dirt at her forcing her to go back again but in 1265. they were forced to submit themselves to the King for it and the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Sheriffs were sent to several Prisons Othon Constable of the Tower being made Custos or keeper of the City About this time Leoline Prince of Wales came down from the Mountain of Snowdon to Montgomery and was taken at Bluith Castle where using reproachful words against the English Roger le Strange fell upon him and with his own sword cut off his head leaving his dead body on the Ground Sir Roger Mortimer caused this Head to be set upon the Tower of London crowned with a wreath of Ivy And this was the end of Leoline who was betrayed by the Men of Bluith and was the last Prince of the Brittish bloud who Ruled in Wales In 1290 Several Judges as well of the Kings Bench as the Assize were sent Prisoners to the Tower and with great Sums of Money obtained their Liberty Sir Thomas Weyland had all his Estate confiscated and himself banished Sir Ralph Hengham Lord Chief Justice of the Kings Bench paid 7000 Marks Sir John Lovet Cheif Justice of the Lower Bench 3000 Marks Sir William Brompton 6000 Marks Yea their Clerks were fined also as being confederate with their Masters in Bribery and Injustice Robert Littlebury Clerk paid 1000 Marks and Roger Leicester as much But a certain Clerk of the Courts called Adam de Straton paid thirty two thousand Marks of Old and new Money besides Jewels without number and precious vessels of Silver which were found in his House together with a Kings Crown whi●h some said was King Johns After this the King constrained the Judges to swear That for the future they should take no Pension Fee or Gift of any man except a breakfast or some such small kindness In the 14 of Edw. 2. The King allowed to the Prisoners in the Tower two pence a day to a Knight and a peny a day to an Esquire for their Diet. In 1320. The Kings Justices sate in the Tower for Trial of divers matters at which time John Gissors late Lord Mayor of London and several others fled to the City for fear of being charged with things they had presumptuously done The next year the Mortimers yeilding themselves to King Edw. 2. he sent them Prisoners to the Tower where they were condemned to be drawn and hanged But Roger Mortimer of Wigmore by giving his Keepers sleepy drink made his escape but his Uncle Mortimer died there above 5 years afterward In 1326. The Citizens of London took possession of the Tower and taking away the keys from the Constable they discharged all the Prisoners and kept both the City and Tower for the use of Queen Isabel and her son Edward who was afterward Edw. the III. In 1330 Roger Mortimer Earl of March was taken and committed to the Tower from whence he was drawn to the Elmes and their hanged on the Common Gallows where he hung two days and two nights by the Kings Command and was then buried in the Gray Friers Church This Earl was condemned by his Peers and yet was never brought to make his Defence before them He himself having procured a Law to that purpose by which the Earls of Lancaster Winchester Glocester and Kent were put to death and now he himself suffered by the same Law In the 3. of Edw. 3. 1344. The King commanded Florences of Gold to be coyned in the Tower Perceval de Port of Lake being then Master of the Mint and this is the first coining we read of there we read likewise that the same year the King appointed his Exchange of Money to be kept in Sernes Tower being part of the Kings House in Buckles or Bucklers Bury And we find that in former times all great Sums were paid by weight that is so many pounds or Marks of Gold or Silver cut into blank peices without any stamp upon them and smaller Sums were paid in Starlings which were pence so called for they had no other Moneys This Starling or Easterling money took its name as it is judged from the Easterlings which first made it in England in the Reign of Hen. 2. though others imagine it so called from a Star stamped in the Ring or Edge of the Peny or of a Bird called a Starling stamped on it others yet more unlikely of being coyned at Striveling or Sterling a Town in Scotland but the first Opinion seems the most probable In 1360. A Peace being concluded between England and France Edward the 3d. came back into England and went to the Tower to visit the French King who was Prisoner there setting his Ransome at three Millions of Florences which being paid he was discharged from his Imprisonment and the King conducted him with Honour to the Seaside In the 4th of Rich. 2. 1381. A grievous Tax was laid upon the Subjects which caused much Trouble For the Courtiers greedy to inrich themselves informed the King that the Tax was not so carefully gathered as it ought And therefore they would pay a great Sum of Money to Farm it which they would raise above what it was before by being more severe in gathering it This Proposition was soon accepted so that having the Kings Authority and Letters these Farmers or Commissioners met in several Places in Kent and Essex where they levied this Tax of Groats or Polemoney with all manner of severity which so discontented the