a short time to be great Trees and bear excellent Fruit. They Graff their Trees also after the same manner as we do ours and not onely Graff Trees but also Flowers by which means one Stalk if Graffed bears several Flowers of divers shapes and Colours the next Year The third way of Nursing up of Plants is by Lopping as they do in Vineyards and by cutting off Sprigs from old Trees and Planting them again after which manner they increase their Manga and Goyava sometimes onely the Leaves as the Paparja which in a short time run up to be high Trees It is to be observ'd in Trees of what size or sort soever the Chineses intend should speedily grow to Perfection and produce Fruit they Plant the cut-off Branches that day when the Sun enters the fifteenth Degree of Capricorn which never fails to shoot forth in a short time for they have either observ'd by experience or learnt from the Ancients from time to time that onely this day is fit for that business viz. that if a Sprig of what Tree soever be Planted or set in the Ground on that day it will very suddenly become a Fruit bearing Tree Plants DIvers sorts of strange Herbs Trees Roots Canes and Flowers grow in the Countrey of China some of which are proper to China onely others again common to that with other Countries especially India Most of the Provinces yield each of them many Herbs which are of a strange Soveraign Vertue In the seventh County Kingyangfu in the Province of Xensi grows an Herb in manner like a Tuft of Yellow Hair wherefore it is call'd Kinsu that is Silk of Gold or Golden Thred of Silk-worms for Kin signifies Gold and Su Silk It is of a bitterish Taste but more cooling than heating cures suddenly all manner of Scabs and Breakings-out in the Body without leaving the least Spot behind In the same County is a sort of Rice exceeding good to cleanse the Body and especially to provoke Urine There are also several sorts of Beans which are an excellent Remedy against Poyson In the eighth County Ienganfu grows a Flower nam'd Meutang which signifies King of Flowers it is highly esteem'd by the Chineses being bigger than a common Rose and also resembling the same but spreads its Leaves out further and though it smells not so sweet yet is pleasanter to the Eye and without prickles the colour of it is a pale Purple streak'd with White there are also some which are Red and Yellow It grows on a Tree not unlike our Birch-Trees and is Planted in all Gardens through the whole Empire of China though with great Care and Industry for in warm places it must be preserv'd from the heat of the Sun By the Garrison'd City Hocheu grow those Trees that produce Mirobalans and others whose Wood is the Drug call'd Santalum In the County Cinanfu of the Province of Xantung grows a kind of Fruit call'd Linkio and Lieu. In the third County Changtefu in the Province of Honan grow several sorts of Wormwood In the County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang grows White Wormwood so call'd for its excellency by the Chinese Druggists On the Mountains in the County Fangyangfu in the Province of Kiangnan is Red Wormwood both being us'd by the Chineses against many Distempers especially against Heat The true and real China-Root grows onely in the Province of Suchuen but that sort which is Wild in all parts of China for there are two sorts Wild and Tame both which are by the Chineses call'd Folcin or as some say Lampatam None but that which is Wild being of a Reddish Colour within is brought over to us It is not so big as the true and Tame Root neither hath it that Power yet is not altogether void of Efficacy The true Root as they say grows onely in the Province of Suchuen under the Ground in old Woods of pine-Pine-Trees almost after the same manner as Potatoes in India wherefore the Chineses write that it grows from a tough Slime or Pitch of the Pine-Tree which dropping on the Earth fastens in the Ground and becomes a Plant which spreading all about over the Earth breeds a Root under Ground sometimes as big as a Childs Head and in Weight and Form not unlike Coco-nuts from which the Shell or Rind doth not differ much though not so hard and thick but much weaker and thinner under the Rind is a Kernel or white Spungy Flesh which is highly esteem'd by the Chineses and us'd amongst their Medicines yet if they want this they despise not the fore-mention'd Wild sort though it is not altogether of so powerful an Operation The Wild China-Root grows also in Cochin-China on the Coast of Malabar and several other places in India The China-Root as Michael Boem writes is by the Chineses call'd Pe Folcin by the Portuguese Pao de Cina and in Europe China among the Chineses it grows only in the Provinces of Iunnan Quamsi Quantum Kaoli and Leaotum The Plant or Tree is surrounded with many Thorns which touch not the Leaves The Chineses eat the Pith of the Root of this Tree in Broth which is wholsome and us'd against the Gout Ulcers Stoppings in the Stomach Lameness Dropsie Pain in the Legs and Body and many other Distempers the heaviest of them is accounted the best and the White esteem'd before the Red The Powder of this Root taken with Sugar and us'd like a Conserve is generally with good success given against Distempers in the Breast They say that the use and knowledge of this Root was Anno 1535. by the Portuguese brought into India and Europe Another Bastard China-Root of the same Vertue as the Wild Root grows in Brasile especially in the Province of Parayba where the Inhabitants call it Ivaspecanga In the eighth County Iungpingfu in the Province of Peking and in that of Xansi near the City Leao grows the most excellent and famous Root in all China by the Chineses call'd Ginseng and by the Iapanners Nisi The Chinese name Ginseng is taken from the shape because it represents a Man in the Chinese Tongue call'd Gin striding with his Legs it is much smaller than our Mandragora or Mandrake yet we need not doubt but it is a sort of it because it is exactly like it and hath the same Operation The dry'd Root is of a yellow Colour hath very few or scarce any Strings by which it draws Nourishment is streak'd round about with blackish Vains as if drawn with Ink yields when chaw'd an unpleasant sweetness being mix'd with bitterness a quarter of an Ounce of this Root taken in Syrup exceedingly revives the Spirits and if taken in a greater quantity strengthens those that are Sick and Weak and pleasantly warms the whole Body Those that are of a hot and strong Constitution indanger their Lives by using the same because of its too much increasing and heighthning the Spirits but on the contrary it recovers those that
common manner not on the Body of the Tree as the first sort it is of a better taste and wholsomer than the common Iaka The Tree spreads it self very much and is extraordinary high and broad Leav'd out of the calcin'd Shells of these two prickly Fruits the Indians make a Composition which they use in stead of Sope or Lye to scowr Clothes with In the Southern Provinces Quantung Quangsi Iunnan Foquieu and on the Island Ainan grows in great abundance a Fruit by the Chineses call'd Fanpolomie by the Brasilians acording to Piso Nano according to Lerius Panaco by the Spaniards in New-Spain Iajama from its likeness with a Pine-Apple and by the Portuguese Ananas which they hammer'd without doubt from the Brasilian name Nana The ripe Fruit is very Juycie and of a sweetish taste with a mixture of sowrness of a deep Vermillion Colour or as Acosta says Yellow as big as a Mellon or Cytron or as Boem writes as a Pine-Apple the edges are of a lively Colour good smell nay so strong it is that any Person walking may smell in what House they hang up in to ripen It is generally without full of whitish knobs the ripe Fruit is crown'd with a young Plant which cut off and without Root for it hath none put into the Ground bears Fruit the next Year every Plant produces onely one Fruit a Year and that Fruit a new Plant which when cut off and set in the Ground the old is pull'd out and thrown away as unfruitful the Root is like that of an Artichoke the Fruit slic'd and steep'd in Wine gives it an excellent Savor and Rellish but bites the Tongue and heats the Palate The Juyce thereof refreshes the fainting Heart revives the Spirits and strengthens a squemish Stomack Moreover its Juyce or Wine much more the Distill'd Water is exceeding good against the Gravel The Root also is a Remedy to cure the fore-mention'd Distemper But those that are troubled with or are careful to avoid Agues must be sure to abstain both from the Fruit and all that belongs to it China also produces several sorts of Spices and Aromatick Plants in the Southern Province bordering upon India though in no great abundance viz. Pepper in the Chinese Tongue call'd Hucyao which grows in the Province of Iunnan Cinamon as already we have made mention in the Province of Quantung and Quangsi But there is exceeding good Ginger in great abundance which they call Sem Kiam and store of Coco-nuts in the Southern Provinces and especially on the Isle Ainan But because all those Plants and Fruits have been largely describ'd by others it would be needless to make rehearsal thereof In several places in China grows the Plant Tee or Cha so call'd by the Chineses by which Name it is known among us and Cia or Tchia and Tsia by the Iapanners though amongst the Chineses according to the several places wherein it grows it hath several Denominations as likewise from its goodness for the Inhabitants of the thirteenth County Chucheufu in the Province of Nanking call the best Tee Sunglocha those of the third County Hucheufu in the Province of Chekiang Kiaichai those in the Province of Fokien Ziazcha The Water or Liquor in which this Plant is boyl'd is also by the Chineses properly call'd Tee and Cha and Chia or Tsia by the Iapanners There are those which say that Tsia or Chia in general signifies Meat and Drink as Loe Chia Will you please to have Meat or Drink The Plant The according to Martin and Trigaut is a Shrub and no Tree grows about the height of an European Rasberry-bush or Rose-Tree and dividing it self into several Boughs is like the Mirtle-Tree and partly tastes like it yet grows not Wild but is Planted The Boughs and Stalks of the whole Sprout are from top to bottom always full of Leaves and Flowers The Leaves are thin sharp before and notch'd round about in shape Oval in bigness like those of the Granate-Tree and though of one shape yet are of such several bignesses that on one Sprout four or five sizes of Leaves are to be seen The first and biggest grow on the undermost Boughs and are like the Leaves of Garden-Balsom The second size much less than the first so accordingly the rest which grow higher still lessen more and more but as much as the uppermost Leaves abate in bigness so much they increase in value for one of the first rank of Leaves dry'd and prepar'd costs five Pence the second sort fifty the third ten Shillings the fourth if rightly prepar'd thirty the difference of the Value follows from the difference of the Vertue which according to Trigaut is very considerable insomuch that they often give for one Pound of the best two sometimes three Duckets In Iapan the best cost ten and twelve Duckets The Flowers of the The are of a Yellowish White in bigness and shape like the Eglantine but not in smell which according to Martin is faintyish After the falling off of the Flowers there remains a Cod or Husk which is first Green and afterwards turns Black in it lies a round Black Seed like those of Roses This Seed Sown yields a new Plant in three years time The Root is full of Strings divided into several Knobs which lie not deep in the Ground but are just cover'd with the same and are for no use all the Vertue of this Plant consisting onely in the Leaves the freshest and youngest of which are made use of in the making their Drink Cha they gather them in the Spring one by one and immediately put them to warm in an Iron Kettle over the fire then laying them a on fine light Mat roul them together with their Hands The Leaves thus roul'd up are again hang'd over the fire and then again roul'd closer together till they are dry and then put up carefully in Tin Vessels thereby to keep them from all moystness Trigaut tells us that the Chineses dry not the Leaves over the fire but in the Sun In the using of these Leaves is some differnece betwixt the Iapanners and Chineses for they says Trigaut throw some of the Leaves into a Pot of boyling Water which when the Vertue of the Leaf is sufficiently infus'd into it they Drink hot without eating the Leaves The Chineses as the Lord Tulp tells us boyl the Leaves with a little Salt and Sugar to take away the bitterness in a certain Liquor which they drink warm or else they put a Handful of The Leaves in a Pint-Pot then pour it full of scalding Water and about two or three Minutes after Drink the same very hot The Chineses generally both Night and Day drink of the Liquor wherein the fore mention'd Leaves are boyl'd and not onely ordinarily at Table but have it ready upon all occasions at great Entertainments and the greatest Nobles and Princes think not much to prepare it themselves and have in their
West in eighteen and nineteen Fathom grey Sandy Ground mixt with little Shells their Course North and by East the Wind at South-East and by South Poele Zay are several small Rocky Isles and uninhabited lying in a Train one by another The second being Sunday the Fleet Sail'd about Noon in fifty three Minutes Northern Latitude In the afternoon the Pink Loosduynen being seven Leagues to the Eastward of the Island Poele Panjang ran on unknown Rocks not specifi'd in the Maps to which the Vice-Admiral Iohn Van Campen Rowing with his Boat and some Tackle giving speedy assistance helpt the Pink off from the Rocks without any Damage On Munday being the third the Fleet proceeded on her Course North-North-East full before the Wind and reach'd about Noon in two Degrees and three Minutes Northern Latitude and in sight of the Island Poele Tingi which lay North-West from them In the first Watch the Zierikzee and Ter-Boede Frigats came to an Anchor on the West side of Aura in thirteen Fathom Water and put each of them a Light in their Lanthorns for a Sign to those Ships that were behind The fourth being Tuesday the Admiral with the Naerden Frigat accompanied with the Overveen Sea-dog Singing-bird High-land and Vink came to an Anchor in the same place for the Domburg and six more took their Course to the Isle of Timon according to Order when they set sail Their Boats going ashore to fetch fresh Water and Wood brought also many Baskets of Fish and Fruits besides some Hens and Goats which they either bought for Money or barter'd for Next Morning being the fifth the Singing-bird Sea-dog and the Goldfinch weigh'd their Anchors and sail'd to Poele Pisang for fresh Provisions and Wood. This Island is Populous and full of Villages All the Inhabitants observe strictly their Fishing and Tillage being bred to such Drudgery from their Childhood Here as also on the Coast of the Kingdom of Sampan and on the Island Lingen a kind of Birds-nests are plentifully found which at Feasts and Entertainments are look'd upon as a great Regalia nay the Inhabitants on their New-years Feast which they keep with great Solemnity commonly present one another with these Dainties as an infallible sign of unfeigned Friendship They are also transported as a great Delicate to China and every Pound thereof sold for half a Tahers they being a great Cordial much relieving both the Stomach and Brain A Bird like a Swallow about the time of the year when they chuse Mates and fall to coupling yields a kind of glutinous or slimy matter which lying on the Rocks is the first Material of these Nests and by a daily additional Moisture or Morning-dew gather'd on their Wings and sprinkled on it at last becomes both large and perfect which when dry resembles the Bowl of a Spoon with high Edges and are found here in such abundance that they gather some Hundred weights of them yearly When their Coupling time is past and the Nests finish'd which happens all at one time they lay their Eggs and Brood upon them which Father Kircher thus describes Between Cochinchina and the Island Hainan lie in a long Ridge a Series both of great and lesser Rocks to which in March flock abundance of strange Birds like Swallows there building their Nests but of what or how not known and having bred up their Young fit for flight they quit their Birth-place and leave their empty Nests which Ships coming thither from China and other places transport from thence and sell at home at great Rates because they are esteem'd as the onely Condiment either to Fish or Flesh which being handsomly season'd with it gives a delightful Hogooe Philip Martyn in his Relation of the Kingdom of Tunking saith That in that Province are many strange Birds and Fowls especially some little ones that fly like a Swallow making their Nests on the Rocks which are gather'd and sold at no ordinary price because they believe that they owe their Health to the use of them mix'd in their Dishes and that it is a certain Cure for the loss of Appetite They are of a bright colour and hard like Sea-horn and they esteem the greatest Feast no Entertainment without this Dainty which they prepare after this manner First they lay it a whole Night in warm Water till it grows soft and mellow then again dried in the Sun mince it very small It hath of it self almost no taste but like Mushrooms prepar'd in Sallads provokes an Appetite and as other Food asswages Hunger and satisfies the Stomach this on the contrary makes the Appetite greater and still desirous of more There is also much Ager-Wood and Cotton On Thursday the sixth Admiral Bort firing a Gun from the Naerden-Frigat signified his intention to set Sail but no sooner had he weigh'd his Anchor but the Ship was strongly driven by the Current towards the Shore so that he was forc'd to let it fall again and firing several Guns the Vice-Admiral Van Campen coming thither with his Pinnace Long-boat and Tackling found the Naerden Frigat to ride about three Cables length from the Rocks on good Ground able enough to hold out a great Storm But carrying out a small Anchor and weighing the other at last got under Sail and was follow'd by the rest of the Ships The seventh being Friday the Zierikzee Highland and Ter-Boede Frigats came about the East side of the Isle of Timon for the Naerden and the other Ships lay at the North-East Point to an Anchor in thirteen Fathom where they took in Water Firing and fresh Provisions as Hens Goats Fish Potatoes and the like The eighth being Saturday the Zierikzees Men going into the Woods cut Anchor-stocks Oars Hand-spikes and Leavers and fishing in their Sloop took some Shepherds and Breams About Noon hapned a great Thunder-shower The ninth day being Sunday the Zierikzee Highland and Ter-Boede weighing their Anchors ran to the North-East Point of Timon to the Naerden and the other Ships Admiral Bort putting out his white Flag to call a Council they judg'd it convenient to steer further out from the Shore and also seal'd their Orders The Admiral here complaining that he had many young and unexperienc'd People in his Ship Order was immediately given That two of the stoutest Sea-men should be taken out of each of the other Ships except the Gold-finch and put aboard of him In the afternoon the Fleet set sail and took their Course North-North-East and saw the Isle of Timon about Sun-set bearing South and by West and South-South-West about five or six Leagues distant The tenth in the afternoon under three Degrees and eight Minutes the Fleet had thirty eight Fathom Water sandy Ground But by the eleventh at Noon they had reach'd five Degrees and four Minutes Northern Latitude and in forty and forty one Fathom Water gravelly Ground The next day at Noon they were in five Degrees and fifty six Minutes and had thirty nine Fathom Water
The thirteenth the Fleet being in seven Degrees and six Minutes had twenty nine thirty and thirty one Fathom Water But the Naerden sailing with his Squadron about the East had almost lost sight of the Zierikzee The fourteenth about Noon the Fleet was in eight Degrees and sixteen Minutes and had twenty two and twenty three Fathom Water fine sandy Ground mix'd with white Gravel At Night about the latter end of the first Watch appear'd the two Isles lying to the West of the Island Poele or Candor a League from the Fleet which had eighteen Fathom Water This Poele or Candor lies in the Bay of Siam near the Coast of Vancinaer Cambodia uninhabited and about three or four Leagues in Circumference surrounded with high Rocks and Mountains crown'd with shady Trees and abounding with good Provision to the great refreshment of those Ships that put in there The fifteenth in the Morning the Fleet came up with the North-East Point of Candor which bore South-East and by East about three or four Leagues distance from them in the depth of seventeen and eighteen Fathom Water white Sand mix'd with small Pebbles The sixteenth in the Morning they sail'd in fifteen and sixteen Fathom Water the Table-Mount being North-East about three Leagues from the Shore About Noon they found themselves by observation in ten Degrees and thirty one Minutes Northern Latitude and had fifteen Fathom Water about three Leagues from the Coast of Champa Champa so call'd according to Texeira from the Portuguese Pronunciation Champa by Martinius Changpa and by others Ciampa is a Kingdom which hath the Principality of Camboya on the West and according to Father Lerin that of Laos from which it is separated by the vast Desarts and Mountains of Samao the East respects Cochinchina and Tunking and reaches with its Coasts to the main Continent of China before you come to the Shore against the Island of Makou The chief City which lies up in the Countrey hath its denomination from the Kingdom The other Towns are Varella Penaria and Tauchonarella This Countrey abounds in all sorts of Provisions and the Hills with Elephants which are transported from thence to several Places There is also store of the best Calamback-Wood by some call'd Calampart by Linschot Calambu and Calambes or Lignum-Aloes by the Arabians Agalugen and Haut and by the Inhabitants of Zaratte and Dekan Ud which hath a most sweet and odoriferous smell said to proceed from its rotting under Ground for the sound Wood hath no smell at all The Tree saith Garzias resembles that of an Olive but somewhat bigger and the firm and sound Wood hath no kind of smell but with the putrifying of the Bark and Wood the fat and Oily Moisture may also communicate of its Sweetness to that likewise This Wood they prize so highly that they equally value it with Gold yet much us'd by the Chineses in their Offerings to their Gods The Countrey though badly stor'd with Gold and Silver yet is enrich'd with excellent Drugs costly Woods as the Sampan and Ebon-Wood Rice Lint and Cotton There is also plenty of a Fruit call'd Oaby which is very great weighing ten or twelve Pounds apiece and by the Chineses us'd for Bread and sometimes mingled with Meat like the Bottoms of Artichokes They also have a very large Fruit by the Inhabitants and other Indians call'd Nankussen and by some according to Garzias and Acosta Iaka The Countrey is Govern'd by a King that Rules neither acknowledging Subjection to the Emperor of China the Cham of Tartary or any other Superior The Vice-Admiral Van Campen spoke with the King himself who sate in a great Court in a very large Hall hung with rich Tapestry but was not permitted to enter the Presence till he pull'd off his Shoes and Stockings because none may appear before the King unless bare-footed such was their Custom of due Reverence The Grandees or Persons of Quality there are mounted on Steeds with Bells in their Ears like our Cart-Horses The seventeenth in the Night the Fleet doubled the South Point of the Bay of Pangerang which bore West and by South about three Leagues from them In the bottom of this Bay being a most convenient Harbor for Ships stands a great City whose Jurisdiction extends a vast way into the Countrey and Govern'd by a peculiar King The Vice-Admiral going ashore spake with him with his Shoes and Stockins on and was presented by the King with soms Fans and Stuffs The Countrey thereabouts abounds with Calamback-Wood The Fleet steering North and by East found her self about Noon to be in eleven Degrees and thirty five Minutes about three Leagues from the Champan Shore In the Morning they plied about the five Islands close by the foremention'd Coast the Southermost part of which appears like a round Hay-stack The eighteenth at Noon by Observation they found themselves in twelve Degrees and thirteen Minutes two Leagues from the Shore in seventy Fathom Water On Wednesday about Sun-rising the Fleet made St. Iohn de Fyks on the Coast of Champan North-East and by North about three Leagues from them and at Noon were in thirteen Degrees and five Minutes Northern Latitude and Coasted about Sun-set Cabo Avarelles which lay Northerly from them steering North and by East Cabo Avarelles being a very high Mountain appears a great distance off like a Man on Horse-back and serves for a Beacon The twentieth they found themselves in thirteen Degrees and forty nine Minutes and saw the Point of Poele Candor North and by East a good distance from them The one and twentieth in the Day-watch the Vice-Admiral Van Campen for the Admiral Bort going that Night with seven Ships about the East was by break of day gotten quite out of sight with the Ships belonging to his Squadron came opposite to the Northermost of the Box-Islands and spied four Sail bearing North-East and by East near the Coast of Champan or Quinan whether he and those that belong'd to the Ter-Boede row'd with their Sloops well Mann'd and Arm'd but three of them escaping they took only one which they carried aboard the Vice-Admiral and found him to be laden with Rice Honey and strong Arak Mann'd with seven Men and having also five proper Women aboard that coming from Poeyan intended to sail from Taywan not far from thence They judg'd it convenient to let them pass with their Vessel but the Women would rather have staid with the Netherlanders if they might have had their desires yet at their departure they were presented with three Pieces of course white Linnen which they receiv'd with great thankfulness The City Poeyan lying on the Coast of Quinan at the foot of a Mountain between two Rivers is surrounded with high thick Walls of Stone fit to plant Guns upon Their Fortresses are not fortified with Towers but here and there with some Galleries eighteen Foot high to which they ascend by a Ladder and from thence assail their
Enemies The City hath three straight and long Streets which all concenter before the Royal Palace from whence one leads to the Sea the second to one of the City-Gates and the third to the Mountain-Gate None of the Streets are pav'd except those three for the other By-Lanes and Alleys are Sandy And notwithstanding the whole may be Navigated by Channels that run through every Street which receive their Waters from the foremention'd Rivers yet are they very foul because when the Water falls it goes off so slowly Near the Court on the West side of the City stands a spacious Temple on the East-side the Arsenal and on the South side the Kings Palace artificially built with spacious Courts and Walks within At the end of the Street that leads into the Countrey stand the Mayor or Chief Magistrates House wherein all the Kings Servants or Slaves reside and where are also his Stables and other Offices The City stands divided into four parts over every one of which a Noble-man hath the chief Command in time of War Fire or other Accidents In each of these is also a Drum as big as a Rhenish-Wine Fat whereon they beat with a Hammer which always hangs near it when any Uproar happens The Merchandise to be had there are all sorts of Wrought and un-wrought Silks flower'd and plain of divers Colours as Peelings Hokiens and the like They trade also in white Linnen At Noon the Vice-Admiral Van Campen found himself in fourteen Degrees and forty Minutes Northern Latitude and in the Morning came up with Admiral Van Bort with seven Ships and a Jonk The twenty second about Sun-rising the Fleet spied Poele Canton North-West and by North about five Leagues from them and were in the Latitude of fifteen Degrees and thirty one Minutes their Course North-East The twenty third the Fleet was in sixteen Degrees and fourteen Minutes North Latitude The twenty fourth being Munday they discover'd the Island Hainan at a good distance from them and taking observation at Noon were in eighteen Degrees and fifteen Minutes about four or five Leagues South-East from Hainan The twenty fifth about Noon they reach'd nineteen Degrees and fifty one Minutes The twenty sixth they had twenty one Degrees and seven Minutes North Latitude and were within four or five Leagues bearing South-South-West from the Southermost Island of Macao or Macau in twenty six and twenty seven Fathom Water The twenty seventh the Zierikzee and Ter-Boede cast Anchor in the Evening near the Island of Macau by the Box-Heads being separated from the rest of the Fleet by Misty Weather that being the appointed Rendezvouz where they were to meet if by any Accident they should lose one another The next day in the Forenoon Indiik accompanied with the Loosduinen Singing-bird and three Frigats Domburgh High-land and Meliskerke came to an Anchor in the same place under the Coast of Macau in thirteen Fathom Water gravelly Ground which made up their Number eight The Islands of Macau receive their Denomination from the City of the same name scituate on a small hanging Islet joyn'd to one that is somewhat bigger a Ship may without danger in Stormy Weather Sail betwixt and there lie Land-lock'd riding in an always smooth Sea where they never want store of Fresh-water from the living Spring The twenty ninth being Saturday Indiik by putting out a white Flag gave the Signal to the Commanders of the other Ships to come aboard to Council where it was judg'd convenient because Indiik suppos'd that the staying with the Ships bound for Iapan would be chargeable to weigh Anchor in the Morning put again to Sea and sail through the Isles of Macau ordering every Ship now and then to fire a Gun in hopes thereby to meet again with the other five Their Course being Nor-East by East and Nor-Nor-East in sixteen seventeen and eighteen Fathom gravelly Ground about nine of the Clock they bore up with one of the greatest of the Macau Islands in Portuguese call'd Ilhas de Lemas where they saw five Champans or Jonks lying neer the Shore which had a few Houses Here also eight of the Fleet dropp'd Anchor for Indiik with two laden Flyboats steer'd for Iapan The Boats went ashore well Mann'd where they found five great Champans with their Fishing-Nets and above five thousand dried and salted Shepherd-Fish with two hundred Pots of the Rows of the same Fish pickled The Chineses taking their flight into the Woods so left all their Goods to the disposal of the Hollanders onely three were overtaken by the Sea-men and carried aboard the Vice-Admiral who asking them from whence they came they told him From Xantung and also inform'd him of Coxinga's Death who were glad of the News and paid the poor Men for their Fish In the Afternoon they joyn'd with the Admiral Bort and the other lost and separated Vessels which lay at Anchor full three Leagues to Lee-ward of the most Easterly Macaan Isles where they were not able to row ashore with their Boats because of the swiftness of the Current The Admiral making the usual Signal the rest of the Captains came aboard where he ruffling a little and chiding them for not keeping their Rendezvouz according to Order he set upon each of them the Penalty to bring him aboard eight Hogsheads of Water The one and thirtieth in the Morning the Fleet setting sail was at Noon in twenty two Degrees and twelve Minutes a League and a half North-East and by East from Pedro Branke About Noon spying five Sail in the North-East the Vice-Admiral Van Campen made Chase after them and coming up with one in the Evening took it with three Chineses from Tamsua and some fresh and salt Fish On Tuesday the first of August the Vice-Admiral went aboard the Naerden Frigat to know what he should do with the three Chineses and their Vessel Bort replied That he should let them go At Noon the Fleet was in twenty two Degrees and thirty six Minutes in twenty and twenty one Fathom Water fine Sandy Ground mix'd with Shells and the next day at Noon in twenty three Degrees and thirty eight Minutes bearing about three Leagues West-South-West from the Island Tang Goie in twenty two and twenty three Fathom Water Sandy Ground mix'd with small Shells their Course North-East and by East In the Afternoon they spied several Fisher-Boats in the North-East which the Admiral and Vice-Admiral order'd to be chased The Loenen Pink overtaking one of them found onely one Man in her the rest escaping by swimming The third the Fleet came up with the Point of Puthay lying on the main Coast of China Northward from them their Course North-East and by North along the Shore This Point of Land appears in Prospect Mountainous yet full of Valleys and Plains planted with Trees of a wondrous height whose Wood is as black as Pitch and as hard and smooth as polish'd Marble or Ivory some resembling Ebony some a reddish Colour
dies C A Mourning Stick for a Mother D A Mourning Cap or Bonnet of Hemp for the Death of Father or Mother E A Coif of the same F A Veil for Women for their Father or Mother G A Girdle of Towe for a Father H A Girdle of Towe for a Mother Mourning for Relations which are neither Fathers nor Mothers 1 A course Coif of white Linnen 2 Ordinary Mourning Stockins ravel'd out 3 A Bonnet like a Mitre of course Hemp. 4 An ordinary Mourning Girdle 5 Ravel'd Mourning Shoes 6 A wide Coat much ravel'd 7 An Apron much ravel'd After the Death of either Father or Mother amongst other Ceremonies which they observe especially at the Funeral they have a Custom not to sit on Stools for a certain time nor sleep on Beds nor eat Flesh nor drink Wine keep from their Wives speak not aloud go not out of their Houses except in Sedans cover'd with course Linnen and many other things more till time hath worn away Sorrow Except Militia Officers all Persons are oblig'd though the prime Colao's to forsake their Offices for three years for their Father or Mothers Death which time they are to spend in Mourning for them Thus far De las Cortes In this manner the Chineses perform their Funerals or Interr their Dead but the Tartars who at this day Govern the Realm of China observe quite another manner The Iesuit Adam Scall describes them both in the following words Both Tartars and Chineses saith he take a peculiar care for the burying of their Dead for they imagine that all the happiness of their Successors dedepends upon it wherefore they often lay by three four five hundred nay a thousand Crowns in their life-time to be bestowed on their Graves To which purpose they also gather Planks of Cedar and other like lasting Woods which they send for two or three hundred Leagues off to make them Coffins wherein they may for ever as they suppose lie secure which the Iesuit Martinius testifies in these words It is saith he by them accounted a great happiness for him who before his Death makes himself a Coffin of the best and strongest Wood some of which costs sometimes two thousand Crowns for they send for the most durable and best Wood out of remote Countreys so that there is no City but there are Coffins to be sold in it nay most People buy them before their Deaths and keep them in their Houses The upper Planks saith Scall of the Tartars Coffins are sloaping like a Roof and Painted on the out-side not regarding the thickness of the Planks because they put their Coffins to no other use than to hold the Body for a short time and carry them out in for coming to their Funeral Piles they burn the Coffins with the Corps But those of the Chineses are narrower at the Feet and broader and higher at the Head the upper Plank smooth and reaching over the sides that the thickness thereof may be seen which is chiefly observ'd and taken notice of They are very careful to chuse a Burying-place for if they have not Land of their own then they purchase it at a great Rate Those Places are principally made choice of in a dry Soyl where no Rivers nor High-ways are near nor any Temples or Towers but must be on a Plain which neither rises before nor behind Such a Place being chosen they surround it with a Bank of Earth lik a Half-Moon which rises in the Middle and runs sloaping down on both sides yet not smooth but scollope-like at the upper end of which they bury the eldest and below him on each side the Sons and Nephews not in one Grave but every one apart under a little Hillock and the chief of the Family under the highest Hill In the middle on a Stone Table are plac'd variety of Provisions Perfumes and other things in honor of the Deceased Any one that amongst a Family is rais'd to a higher degree of Honor than his Predecessors erects his own Tomb in his life-time whereon they Carve the Shapes of Men or Beasts according to every Mans Quality and Estate Planting the remaining part of the Ground with Cedar Trees and Wall'd round The Tartars differ herein for though they according to the conveniency and Place require the same things as the Chineses yet they observe not the same manner in their Burial for the old People are buried apart and the younger by themselves The Chineses also erect a Tomb-stone on which is Engraven the Age of the Deceased his Office and the Emperor's Favors to him and to prevent the Characters from being defaced and the remembrance of the Deceased's Exploits from being worn out besides the Tomb-stone they bury another square Stone in the Ground with the same Inscription that when the first is worn out that may appear perfect and serve as a Memorial of all his Atchievements When any one dies whoe're he be all the Friends and Relations come about the Corps crying and Mourning over it Persons of Quality send a piece of very thin white Linnen with a Letter to their Friends to acquaint them of the dead Corps who at an appointed day come thither bringing with them Perfumes Wax-Candles and Money coming into the House they go to a Table plac'd opposite to the Coffin in the midst of the Hall having set fire on the Perfumes that stand upon the Table they step a little backwardand shew Reverence to the Effigies of the Deceased Painted at the Head of the Coffin by kneeling four times and bowing their Heads to the Ground whilst they make a mournful Cry These Ceremonies being perform'd the nearest Relations appear also on one side of the Coffin between the Curtains and coming forth shew the same Reverence also kneeling and bowing their Heads four times to the Ground The time of Visiting ended the nearest Kindred come the next day into the House of Mourning from whence they convey the Corps to the Grave or at least to the City Gates for which Kindness the Children go from House to House in Sack-Cloth and with their Faces looking down on the Ground return Thanks by shewing Reverence to their Visitants who on purpose stand at their Doors But the Tartars observe quite another way of Interring their Dead viz. on the same day that any one dies the Corps being put in a Coffin and the Friends having Wept over it in the House they carry it away except the Deceas'd was a Vice-Roy or Governor The Relations accompany the Hearse and afterwards placing themselves in Rows on each side of the Funeral Pyre those of her Family set fire of the Wood and so burn the Body whose Ashes on the third day are gather'd and put into a Porcelane Urn to be bury'd Yet far greater Honor is shown to the Vice-Roys whether Tartars or Chineses for when a Tartar King dies his Servants after some formal Lamentations are plac'd on each side of the Court-Gate that they may be seen holding his
abounds with Silk Ebony-Wood Date-Trees and Araka which the Inhabitants chew with Betel-Leaves as also the Indians who call it Makinnang Thus much of the temperature of the Air and fertility of the Soyl of China as to what concerns their manner of Husbandry and the Description of some Plants that belong properly to China we will here Treat at large Of their manner of Husbandry The Emperor Ven who began his Reign Anno 197 before the Incarnation promoted Husbandry then decay'd by the continual Wars with great zeal and put his own Hands to the Work that by his Example he might oblige all the greatest Noble-men to follow him He caus'd all Women to plant Mulbery-Trees and breed Silk-Worms from the Example of his Empress whom he enjoyn'd to set the fore-mention'd Trees and breed Silk-Worms in his Palace insomuch that all the Clothes she wore and which were us'd in their Religious Ceremonies were of her making It is credible that from hence the high Feast which the Chineses call Hinchun hath its original This may well be term'd The Countrey-man's Holiday for in the beginning of the Spring when the Sun is in the Aequator this Day is by the Chineses through the whole Empire kept with great Solemnity by all degrees of Persons in every City and in the Metropolis Peking it self after this manner One of the chiefest of the Nobility Crown'd with a Garland of Flowers goes to the Eastern Gate of the City with all manner of Instruments Playing before him and attended with a number of burning Torches and Flags Behind follow a Train of Men which carry several Dishes of Meat to Trees whereon hang the ancient Monuments of Husbandry being either made of Wood or some other Material and set forth with Silk and Cloth of Gold In several places through which they pass stand Triumphal Arches and all the Streets are hung with Tapestry In this manner the Nobleman goes to the Eastern Gate as it were to meet the approaching Spring The chiefest Pageantries of this Solemnity are A Cow of Bak'd Clay so big that forty Men are scarce able to carry it The other is a Youth whom they call The Careful and Industrious Spirit who going bare with one Leg and the other cover'd with a Stocking continually strikes the Cow on the Back with a Switch Then follow divers Countrey-men carrying Spades Shovels Axes and the like Tools us'd in Husbandry yet nothing of what they carry or do but represents a peculiar Secret as by the continual beating on the Cow they signifie what care the Husband-man must take in the Manuring of his Lands by the Youths going with one Leg bare and the other antickly clad they express what speed they must use to go to their Labor and scarce allow time to Clothe themselves When the whole Train is led to the King 's or Governor's Palace the Stone Cow is bereav'd of all her Garlands and other Ornamentals Out of her open'd Belly like as from the Trojan Horse little Clayie Oxen are drawn in great numbers of which the Emperor sends one to every Governor with admonishments that the Subjects would be careful and diligent in the Tilling of their Lands and leave not an Acre unsow'd and among other Ceremonies the Emperor himself Plows and throws Seed on the Ground that day The Emperor Hiaou though when he was grown very old betook himself three years before his Death to Husbandry and forsaking all kind of State Affairs Plough'd and Sow'd the Ground himself that by that means he might shew good examples to his Subjects and stir them up in like manner to Husbandry Then enquiring out experienc'd Planters commanded them to go through his whole Dominions and teach all People the way of Husbandry to which purpose they found out all sorts of Implements or Tools useful in Tillage and many other the like things which are requir'd in Husbandry so that we may now cease from wondering that formerly mean Rusticks were rais'd from the Plough to the Imperial Throne and sole Monarchy of all China when we see that Emperors descended from the Throne to the Plough nay which is more manag'd the Empire and the Plough at once The ancient Chinese Emperors and Kings have had several Laws concerning Husbandry amongst which were these The nineteenth part of whatsoe're the Soil produces falls to the Emperor The Governors ought in time of Famine to take notice of the Subjects Goods and Estates and Tax them according to their Quality The dividing of the Ground was after this manner every Person was to have an equal share and one Family no more than the other All the Fields were divided into great Squares and these again into nine lesser of which each Person had one to Manure but the middlemost was either the Emperor's or the King 's Square which was also by eight Overseers Till'd on the Emperor's Account The eight Squares were call'd Peculiar Acres but the middlemost The Cammon or Free Square which when left Untill'd no Man was permitted to Manure his own The Emperor Xinnung first Invented the Plough and other Necessary things for Husbandry and taught the Inhabitants to Sow Wheat Rice Barly Maiz or Turkish Corn and other Grains The Emperor Yu who Raign'd Anno 2207. before the Nativity hath written many things concerning Tillage viz. after what manner the Fields of every County are to be Till'd and Sown for he had gain'd excellent knowledge of the Nature of several Soils to which he attain'd by his own Industry And observing their Situation among Rivers concerning which he also wrote several Treatises and from his Writings the Chineses observe several Rules in their Tilling according to the several qualities of the Ground The Mountains are also in China Manur'd after a peculiar manner but in no Province so much as in that of Fokien because there are the most Mountains Michael Boem observes that the Countrey of China is exceeding fruitful not onely in the producing of Indian especially the Southern Provinces but also all sorts of European Fruits besides others solely belonging to it self It is a wonder to consider how many excellent Fruits the Inhabitants in the fifteen Provinces of China enjoy for those Provinces which want any sorts of Fruits are furnish'd by their Neighbors with those which they have not by which means they have all the Year long fresh Fruits even in the midst of Winter for in some Provinces the Fruits are ripe in November December Ianuary and February in others in March April May and Iune and in some in Iuly August September and October The manner of Nursing up of young Plants amongst the Chineses and most Indians is three several ways The first is by burying of the Fruit and Seed together in the Ground for the Chinese Gardners put whole Golden Apples and other Fruits in the Earth and then Plant the Sprouts which shoot from the Seed at a distance from one another by which means they grow in
by long Sicknesses or other Causes are consum'd and grown weak It oftentimes restores those that lie a dying and with the help of some other Physick restores them to their Health again Many other Vertues the Chineses ascribe to this Root and give three pound of Gold for one pound of it The same Root is sometimes to be had in Holland but because of its excessive dearness is little us'd The Provinces of Xensi and Suchuen according to Martinius bring forth excellent Medicines especially the Root Rhubarb in the Chinese Tongue call'd Taihoang This Root says he grows not wild as some affirm but on the contrary requires great care and pains in the Planting of it it is of a yellow Colour streak'e with Flames not hollow but firm and hard and in som places having Knobs and Swellings The Leaves are somewhat like our Cabbage Leaves but much bigger The Chineses make a Hole through the Root and hang them out to dry in the Shade for being dry'd in the Sun they lose their Vertue Most of the Rhubarb which is brought into Europe comes for the most part out of the Provinces of Xensi and Suchuen being brought from China and Persia by Sea to Batavia and from thence to Holland or else out of China by Land to Kaskar Astrakan and Russia or through Thebet and Persia by Venice to Italy for those of Tebet and Mogor frequent the Province of Suchuen and from thence bring the Rhubarb hither Thus far Martinius Matthiolus gives us another Description of Rhubarb in his Comment upon Diâ—…scorides which agrees with that of Michael Boem in his Chinese Flora and with Baptista Ramusio formerly Secretary to the State of Venice in his Preface before the Voyage of Marcus Paulus Venetus which is to this effect Though say they Rhubarb grows in all parts of China yet it grows in greater abundance in the Provinces of Suciven perhaps Suchuen Xensi and in the Jurisdiction of the City Socieu near the Great Wall than in any other place The Earth in which it grows is red and Clayie occasion'd by its being continually moistned with Springs and Rain The Leaves according to the Plant are two Handfuls long narrow below broad at the end and the edges thereof cover'd with a hairy Wool When they are come to their fâ—…ll growth and maturity they immediately grow yellow and lank The Stalk shoots a Hands-breadth with the Leaves above the Earth from the middle of the Leaf runs a thin Stalk which bears Flowers not unlike a great Pink likewise towards the top which is of a sharp and strong smell The Root or Stalk which is in the Ground is of a dark Copper colour one two and sometimes three Handfuls long and as thick as a Man's Arm from which shoot forth other lesser Roots which are cut off from the same The Root Rhubarb when cut asunder shews a dark yellow Flesh streak'd with red Veins out of which drops a red slimy Juice Moreover if any one immediately hangs these moist pieces up to dry then as experience hath taught the moisture instantly vanishes and the Root growing very light loses all its Vertue therefore those who are experienc'd herein first lay the pieces of green Rhubarb on Tables and turn them twice or thrice in a day that so the Sap or Juice may soak and dry by degrees into the pieces and remain in them four days after when the moisture is dry'd up they put the pieces on Strings and hang them from the Sun in the Shadow to dry by the Wind. The best time to dig up the Rhubarb is in the Winter before the Trees begin to Bud because at that time about the beginning of April the Juice and Vertue unites and gathers together But if the Root of Rhubarb be digg'd up in Summer or at that time when it sends forth green Leaves which is a sign of it s not being ripe then it never comes to the perfection of the Rhubarb which is digg'd up in the Winter One Wagon full of Rhubarb Roots which is full of moisture costs one Scudo and a half The Juice when dry'd up abates so much of the weight that of seven Pound of green there scarce remains one Pound when dress'd The Chineses call it Tayhuan that is High Yellow This Plant is discours'd of at large by the fore mention'd Authors and particularly Michael Boem makes a curious Disquisition whether the Rhaponticum of Alpinus be the same with that which is commonly brought out of Muscovy and takes much pains to prove that that which grows in China is much better than that which is brought by Russia into Europe This Fruit may justly be call'd The King of Fruits since in so ample a measure it both delights the Eye and pleases the Palate which seems never satisfi'd therewith The Kernel of it melts in the Mouth like Sugar Another Fruit nam'd Lungyen that is Dragons-Eye grows in China it is not much unlike the former though smaller and rounder like our Cherries but the Shell of the Fruit Lichi is somewhat harder and thicker Both these Fruits are dry'd and sent from this Province through the whole Empire as a Dainty nevertheless the dry'd are not comparable to the green because all the Juice is dry'd out of them They also press a Juice out of the Fruit Lichi which the Chineses call Wine which is very sweet but very scarce to be had The ripe Fruit Lichi is generally brought fresh out of the County Chinkingfu A particular Description of both these Fruits may be seen in the foremention'd Author Michael Boem in his Book call'd Flores sinarum regionis In the same County Focheufu in the Province of Fokien grows a Fruit call'd Muigiuli that is to say Fair Womans Plumb These Plumbs are of an Oval Figure bigger and much better than Damask Prunes In the County Kingcheufu belonging to the Province of Huquang grows an Herb which the Chineses call Herb of a thousand years nay affirm that it never fades but is as it were immortal To drink the Water wherein the formention'd Herb hath lay'n to soak makes white Hair black and is said to be exceeding good to prolong Life and restore Youth to the Aged In the County Changtefu in the Province of Huquang grow all sorts of Golden Apples amongst which are some that by the Chineses are call'd Winter Apples for when all the others fall off these begin to grow ripe and are of a sweet taste In the Province of Kiangsi and other places grows for the most part in Lakes and standing Waters a Plant with a Flower by the Chineses call'd Lien and by the Portuguese Fula de Golfon The Flower Lien shoots up two or three Yards above the Water on hard and strong Stalks and is of several Colours as Purple White Parti-colour'd Red c. onely Yellow is a Colour peculiar to those that grow in Iuncheufu a County of the Province of Huquang This Flower exceeds our Lilies in
the Tree within a Moneth after Buds again and in Harvest smells so strong and sweet that it may be scented at a very considerable distance The Chineses prepare many Dainties of this Flower both to please the Palate and to delight the Smell This also is the same Flower which steep'd in the Juice of Lemmon the Turks use to colour their Hair with The Trees thereof suffer no other to grow near them nor grow in places where others have grown In the County Lieucheufu in the Province of Quangsi on the Shore of the River Lieu grow many Willow Trees There are likewise several excellent Herbs good against many Sicknesses amongst which the Herb Pusu that is Immortal so call'd by the Chineses because they always preserve it green in their Houses In the County Gucheufu in the Province of Quangsi grows a Tree nam'd Quanglang which in stead of Pith or Marrow incloses a kind of thin Matter like Honey in stead of which it is often us'd being no less pleasing to the Palate In the Territory Cincheufu in the Province of Quangsi grows an Herb call'd Yu of which the Inhabitants make their Clothes which are richer than Silk and amongst them of greater value There also grows a Tree whose Wood is like Iron it being much harder than our Box-wood The same County likewise produces excellent Cinamon in the Chinese Tongue call'd Kueypi which onely differs from the Ceylon Cinamon in this that it is more biting on the Tongue and of a better scent The Chineses in ancient times us'd to carry Cinamon from the Island Ceylon which was according to Boem so call'd by the Chineses from the many Ships which suffer'd Shipwrack on the same or else Ceylon or rather Sinland signifies according to Martinius People of China or Chineses by Sea to Ormuz from whence it was carry'd by Land to Aleppo in Syria and Greece The ignorant sort of People suppos'd that it came out of the Moors Countrey and Egypt whenas it never grew in that Countrey though sometimes a Fleet of four thousand Ships came Laden with Gold Silk Precious Stones Musk Porcelane Copper Allom Nutmegs Cloves and chiefly Cinamon into the Bay of Persia. The Merchants as the same Boem tells us call'd Cinamon otherwise by the Chineses nam'd The Bark of the sweet Tree Cina and Momum which signifies Sweet and well scented Chinese Wood. In the County Lipingfu in the Province of Queicheu grows an Herb like Hemp which the Chineses call Ko and make their Summer Garments thereof which are an excellent Wear against the excessive heat of the Sun It also grows in the County Nankangfu in the Province of Kiangsi In the Southern Provinces of Iunnan Quangsi Quantung Fokien and on the Isle Ainan grows in great abundance a Tree by the Chineses call'd Fanyaycocu by the Eastern Indians Papayo by the West-Indian Inhabitants Pinoyuacu and by the Portuguese Mamoua It produces a Fruit which springs out of the top of the Body of the Tree looking red within and having in stead of Pith a thin Juice that may be eaten with a Spoon They are accounted to be very cooling and to abate lascivious Desires and cause Barrenness This Tree a strange thing hath no Branches but onely Leaves which grow on the top thereof from amongst which Leaves sprout out white Flowers which afterwards become Fruit. The Fruit hath no set-time of the Year to ripen in but successively ripe Fruits are to be found on the Trees every Moneth in the Year The Chineses call it Fanyaycocu that is Fruit of the Fanyay for Kocu signifies Fruit and the Portuguese Maman because it hangs on the Tree like a Teat The Fruit Leaves and whole Tree are pleasant and delightful to the Eye The Tree springs first from the Seed of its Fruit and afterwards new Trees from the Strings which shoot out of the Root The Leaves and part of the Body of the Tree being put into the Ground grow very speedily and in a short time to a high Tree Anno 1626. the Papayo-Tree being Sow'n grew in Naples It had a whitish Root full of Strings a whitish Stem or Body eighteen Inches long and a Finger thick of the same colour with the Root spongy and round not unlike the Body of the Wonder-Tree and notch'd after the same manner under the Leaves which when green hang by a long Stalk round about the Body of the Tree sloaping from the middle upwards all of them four or five Inches broad divided like the Fig-Leaves into five parts but notch'd much deeper smooth and of a pleasant Green all of them fell off in the Winter and the Body with the Root also wither'd away by degrees But we may doubt whether this Tree was the right Papayo because according to Michael Boem the Fanyacu or Papayo hath its Leaves onely on the top and not as this in Naples from the middle upwards Peter de Valla by Letters to Fabius Columna gives quite another Description of the Papayo which saith he is a Plant like our Fig-Tree but much pleasanter the Fruit like our ordinary Melons oval smooth and with a green Rind the Flesh within of an Orange colour and tasting like a sweet Orange but more Spicy and pleasanter the fresh Seed blackish when dry'd turns to a Chesnut colour and is about the thickness of Coriander Seeds but longer the Flesh thereof being cut through in the middle looks whitish is tough tastes sweet and is like old Musk melons Seed the Stalk of the Fruit though green yields like those of Figs The Tree is full of Branches like the Fig-Tree The experienc'd and Learned Physician William Piso makes mention of two sorts of Papayo growing in the West-Indies where it is call'd Pinoguacu a Male and Female of both which he hath a particular Description which may be seen at large in his Natural History To conclude most agree in this that the Papayo-Tree grows not of it self but is Planted What Countrey it properly belongs to is not yet certainly known but it is by most believ'd to be a Stranger to India and brought thither from a foreign Countrey In no Place except China grows that Tree and excellent Fruit in the Chinese Tongue call'd Supim it is of a Golden colour bigger than an ordinary Apple and hath within its Shell or Rind a soft and red Pulp within which are several Stones The dry Fruit is very like an European Fig and keeps good many years The Chinese Physicians use it often in their Compounds In the Province of Quantung it ripens in Ianuary February and March but in Xensi Honan and other Northern Provinces in Iune Iuly and August The Tree laden with this Fruit affords a pleasant Prospect and is constantly watch'd against the Birds There also grows a Tree in the Province of Quantung and in the Island Ainan with Leaves of half the size of a Man of ordinary Stature The Root thereof grows half in the