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friend_n equal_a relation_n relative_n 144 4 16.7971 5 false
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A69248 The elements of logick by Peter Du Moulin. Translated out of the French copie by Nathanael De-lavvne, Bachelour of Arts in Cambridge. With the authors approbation; Elementa logica. English Du Moulin, Pierre, 1568-1658.; De Lawne, Nathaniel. 1624 (1624) STC 7323; ESTC S111073 60,322 228

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is received For when the smart of burning is over the marke or blacknes that remaineth is no longer called Passion 2. Or els they be naturall qualities or faculties as the vertue of hearbs the faculties of the soule heavines in lead heat in fire and coldnes in water 3. Or els they be habits or qualities gotten by studie and exercise as all Arts are whether mechanicall or liberall and all Sciences Which when ● man hath attained vnto and gotten ● habit of them he is thereby made the fitter for any action or exercise Bruit beasts that haue hearing as dogs horses apes c. are capable to get a habit if feare doe not hinder them For such creatures as are excessiuely ●imerous cannot be taught as mice c. The instruments by which the habit is put into practice may be lost and yet the habit remaine still as the skill of playing on the Lute when the hand is cut off The preparation to a habit is called Disposition which is when a man hath not as yet gotten a habit but is in the way to it and hath besides his inclination some little knowledge Naturall faculties are great helpes to get and forme a habit For he that by nature is vnfit to any Art or studie can never attaine vnto a perfection whatsoever paines he takes in it 4. Or els they are Figures and outward formes as to be square round sharp crooked wrong straight Qualities are contrary one to another as heat and coldnes And naturall powers are contrary to impotencie as sight to blindnes hearing to deafenes Onely Figures outward formes haue no contraries For roundnes differeth from squarenes but is not contrary vnto it To judge aright of any qualitie it must be considered in the abstract and as not being tyed to any certaine subject So iustice or whitenes are to be considered in themselues and not the just or the white Because the consideration of the subject in the which justice or whitenes are inherent doe but trouble divert mans thought Therfore if you will consider a thing aright you must consider it apart and separated One substance can haue but one quantitie but it may haue a great number of divers qualities Qualities doe act but quantities doe not onely they doe helpe the action of the qualitie as the greatnes of a stone encreaseth the weight of it A Spirit hath qualities but no quantities The excellencie of qualitie aboue quantitie consists principally in that the quantitie proceeds from the matter but the qualitie from the forme Now the forme is ever more excellent then the matter For by the forme things are made fit to act but matter is that which makes them apt to suffer Forme and Figure act not but they helpe and facilitate the action of him that acteth as the roundnes of a stone makes it to rowle the easier The Table of Qualitie Qualities are 1. Such as act against the senses Outward Inward 2. Natural power or impotencie 3. Habits whose beginning is called Disposition 4. Outward formes and figures The seventh Chapter Of Relation and Relatiues RElatiues are two things which haue a mutuall respect one to another so as the one cannot be without the other and the one is defined by the other neither can the one be thought vpon without thinking vpon the other as the Father and the Sonne the Prince and the Subiects the master and the servant the double and the halfe the equall and the equall The mutuall respect between these two things is called Relation There be many Relatiues which haue the selfe same name as friend and friend like and like equall and equall The relation between two friends is called friendship the relation between two things alike is called resemblance or likenesse There be relatiues whose relation is imperfect namely when one of the two relatiues dependeth on the other and cannot be without it but the other may well be alone and dependeth not on his relatiue as the Pastor and the flock the Prince and the people the sight and the thing visible For there may be people without a Prince but no Prince without people There be also relatiues which are not relatiues in their owne nature but only in regard of vs and because we make them so to be by our conceiving of them as the right and the left between two walls or two trees but if we turne our selues then that which was left is right For in a tree there is neither right nor left by nature If a Father haue many sonnes there are as many sundry relations as there be sonnes because the Father is taken divers times as is the center of a Circle which is taken as often as the lines are drawne from the said center to the circumference One and the same thing may haue the name of two relatiues as to be Father and Sonne to be high and low but in divers respects For the same may be Father to one and Sonne to another There be relations which spring from quantitie as the relation which is between the double and the halfe Others that proceed from Qualitie as the relation between two friends Others which come from Action as the relation between the mother and the sonne the Creator and the creature Others that spring from Situation as the right and left the high and lowe the formost and the hindermost between which Relatiues the relation hath no name We call that formost in living things towards which the naturall motion is made we call right that part which naturally is fittest for service In a living creature we call that part high by which the nourishment is drawne as in Plants the root is the highest part not in regard of the vniverse but in regard of the Plant. Such relations as are grounded vpon qualitie admit of contrarietie as friendship likenes other relations admit of none In relations grounded vpon action as betweene that which heateth and that which is heated there is no contrarietie For that which heateth and that which cooleth are contraries but this contrarietie proceeds from the qualitie namely heat which is the ground of this relation Friendship as it is an affection moving the lover is a qualitie but as it is a mutuall respect betweene two friends it is a Relation Although God as he is Master and Creator be a relatiue to his servants and creatures there is not for all that any accident in God because the relation is not in the two relatiues but between the two relatiues And therefore it bringeth in no composition nor to the substance any naturall change It is to be noted that two relatiues are commonly called the two termes of the relation The Table of Relatiues Relatiues are Either of their own nature Perfect having the same names divers names Imperfect Or onely in regard of vs. All these relatiues are groūded vpon Quantitie Qualitie Action Situation The eight Chapter Of Acting or Action TO Act is to moue it selfe against the patient