Selected quad for the lemma: friend_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
friend_n	daughter_n	king_n	unmarried_a	15	3	16.1861	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10231	Purchas his pilgrimage. Or Relations of the vvorld and the religions obserued in all ages and places discouered, from the Creation vnto this present Contayning a theologicall and geographicall historie of Asia, Africa, and America, with the ilands adiacent. Declaring the ancient religions before the Floud ... The fourth edition, much enlarged with additions, and illustrated with mappes through the whole worke; and three whole treatises annexed, one of Russia and other northeasterne regions by Sr. Ierome Horsey; the second of the Gulfe of Bengala by Master William Methold; the third of the Saracenicall empire, translated out of Arabike by T. Erpenius. By Samuel Purchas, parson of St. Martins by Ludgate, London.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.; Makīn, Jirjis ibn al-ʻAmīd, 1205-1273. Taŕikh al-Muslimin. English.; Methold, William, 1590-1653.; Horsey, Jerome, Sir, d. 1626.	1626 (1626)	STC 20508.5; ESTC S111832	2,067,390	1,140

neuer quite subiected to forraine Soueraightie till the Tartarian Conquest vnder one Tiemor so the Chinois call that great Chan which so continued till the yeere 1368. When one of their Chieftaynes whom they called of the euent Hum-vu that is a floud of weapons expelled the Tartars compelled the Chinois to his subiection The Kingdome passeth by inheritance Some ancient Kings are yet commended for commending the Kingdome to the vertuous succession of some rarer men then their kindred yeelded and sometimes the people rebelling haue dispossessed one and substituted another In this kingdome are no ancient Lawes But the first of any Family which obtayneth the Soueraigntie makes new Lawes at his pleasure which his Successors in that family doe not easily alter That Hum-vu the Conqueror is the founder of their present Lawes either enacting new or confirming the old as he saw good From ignorance of Geographie they esteemed their King Lord of the World and therefore call him Thiencu the sonne of Heauen for they esteeme Heauen the greatest God Yet commonly the people call him Hoamsi that is the greatest Monarch Hum-vu was a great both Warrior and Polititian He ordayned that none of the Kings children should deale in publike functions or affayres of state yet hee made them seeming amends with assignation of most ample reuenues and the title of Guam a Prince or petty King Their reuenue is paid out of the Exchequer to preuent Clients and dependance of Tenants Much complement of reuerence is done them by the Magistrates but no subiection Their Children and Nephewes are honored also but their titles and reuenues still decreasing as they descend further from the Royall stemme till at last no more bee allowed them then may supply their necessitie without trade or worke Like care is had of the Royall daughters marriage and maintenance The Commanders which assisted him in the Conquest hee vouchsafed honourable titles militarie prefectures with other immunities and reuenues still descending to their posteritie who are subiect neuerthelesse to the Citie Magistrates One strange priuiledge of theirs is this The exploits of the head of their family vnder Hum-vu are grauen in an yron plate This continueth with the first borne of that family who thereby may challenge pardon for any man in any crime three sundrie times if hee offer the same to the King Only treason is vnpardonable which depriueth the Traytor and all his posteritie for euer of all dignitie Like honors doe the Kings sonnes or fathers in law enioy and some others who haue well deserued of the State Only the Doctors and Licentiates are admitted to offices of gouernment not preferred by fauour of others or the King himselfe but by the Law and his merits All Magistrates are called Quonfu that is Presidents and as an honourable title Lau ye or Lau sie a Lord or Father The Portugalls stile them Mandarines And although these Magistrates can finish nothing till by Petition they obtayne the Kings confirmation yet he enacteth nothing which they doe not first sollicite And if any priuate man preferre a Petition to the King which seldome happens because there is an Officer appointed to examine them before the King sees them yet the King referres them to that Tribunall whereto they belong This I haue diligently searched and found for certaine that the King himselfe may not giue a summe of money or office to any man vnlesse hee bee first petitioned by some of the Magistrates except in his owne houshold for those gifts are not taken out of the publike treasure but the priuie purse His Customes and Tributes which exceede without controuersie a hundred and fiftie millions yeerely euery house not priuiledged paying tribute are not brought into the Treasurie of the Palace nor may the King spend them after his pleasure but all the money and prouision is brought into the publike Treasuries and Store-houses which are through the Kingdome Out of these a certaine allowance is appointed by Law and nothing more or lesse for the Kings expences his Wiues Children Eunuchs and Family Thence the Magistrates and Souldiers stipends and other officers through the Kingdom are discharged Thence also the publike Edifices of the Palaces of the King and his kinsemen Cities Walls Forts and all prouisions of Warre are mentioned And some yeeres it happens that this huge reuenue will not serue for necessary expences but they are forced to new impositions The ordinary Census or poll-money is three Mazes or halfe Duckets besides the profits of the earth and handicrafts The rest are Customes which in Canton one of the least Prouinces are neere eight millions Vanlie that is now King hath raigned fortie yeeres a man of great wisedome but vicious and tyrannicall Hee vseth his sonne and apparant Heire very hardly and hath indeuoured to make a second sonne which he had by a more beloued wife his successor but was gaine-said by all the Magistrates in the Kingdome those of the Court resigning their robes and hanging them on the Palace walls so that hee was forced to proclaime the eldest Whose mother lately lying on her death-bed the Prince could hardly obtaine his fathers licence to visit her and then attended with two Eunuchs the mother comforted her sonne saying It neuer yet happened that the heire of the kingdome dyed of hunger For the King scarse allowes him necessaries none else daring for feare The King forbad mourning and publike pompe vnto her funeralls The King respects beautie only in choice of his wiues as doe all of the Royall bloud nor doe the great men care to preferre their daughters to the Royall bed For it is little they can doe and much they must suffer euer inclosed in the Palace neuer admitted the sight of their friends who also are not thereby aduanced to further preferments The King hath Officers which make choice of women for him One wife is chiefe and is as it were legitimate the King and Heire apparant marry other nine a little inferior and after them sixe and thirtie others all which enioy the title of wiues to which are added many more Concubines not entituled Wiues or Queenes Those which bring the King sonnes proue most gracious especially the mother of the eldest sonne howsoeuer it fared otherwise in this before mentioned This King was not the sonne of the first wife nor is his Heire The Chinois are a deceitfull and trecherous people and therefore the Kings in this age come not abroad in publike and when in times past they did it they obserued a thousand cautels for safetie the Palace and the streets being all in armes for his guard nor was he scene when thus hee was seene nor the seat knowne in which he was carryed many other being then carryed to preuent intelligence And when hee came into the Tribunall hee appeared from a high window couering his face with an Iuory table in his hand and hauing another table on his head a cubit long halfe so broad so behanged with

to liue long In their Winter they haue much sicknesse and mortalitie The goods of the deceased descend not to his Children but to the Brethren if he haue any otherwise to his Father If it bee a Woman her Husband deliuereth her marriage goods to her brethren When the King dies the Sepulchre is made like a house and as well furnished as if they were aliue being guarded night and day by armed men to bring him any thing which he shall need Their Noses are flat not naturally but by pressing them downe in their Infancie esteeming it a great part of beautie Their hot stomackes can digest raw flesh and therefore Alexander Aphrodisicus and Coelius Rhodiginus that thinke their naturall heate extracted to the outward parts to be the cause of their blacknesse are deceiued They eate the enemies which are slaine in the warres which are very rife amongst those Nations and those which are taken are euerlasting prisoners And in some more important warres which they vndertake they will burne their dwellings before they goe lest either the enemy might possesse them by conquest or themselues become too mindfull of a returne In these warres they prouide themselues of some good light Armour wearing at such times no other apparell Their Women are vnfaithfull Secretaries in Natures most hidden secrets vsing in the sight of men women boyes and girles to be deliuered of their Children whom after they circumcise whether they be of the male or female sexe §. IIII. Of the Marriages Manners Religion Funerals Gouernment and other Rites of the Guineans collected out of a late Dutch Author ANd if we may leaue to follow a Dutch guide well acquainted in these parts whereof he hath written a very large Treatise you may feast with them at their spousals and againe after a view of their liues at their Funerals At the marriages of their Daughters they giue halfe an ounce of Gold to buy Wine for the Bridale the King himselfe giueth no other portion The Bride in the presence of her friends sweareth to be true to her Husband which the man doth not For Adulterie he may diuorce her and the Adulterer payeth to the King foure and twenty Pesos of gold and the husband also may driue him out of Towne but the Dutchmen payd no fine therefore the Women onely were blamed and payd foure Pesos If the husband suspects his wife hee makes tryall of her honesty by causing her to eate salt with diuers Fetisso ceremonies hereafter mentioned the feare whereof makes her confesse They haue many Wiues if they can buy and keepe them each dwelleth in a house by her selfe though there be ten of them they eat and lodge asunder sometimes they will bring their cheere together The Husband closely takes which he will haue lye with him to his roome where their bed is a Mat. The Women after trauell wash themselues and acccompany not with their husbands for three moneths after The Child newly borne hath a cleane cloath wrapped about the middle and is layd downe on a mat The Mothers vse to beare their Children at their backes and so trauell with them none prouing lame notwithstanding that shaking of their bodies they giue them the brest ouer their shoulders When it is a moneth old they hang a net about the body like a shirt made of the barke of a Tree hanged full of Fetissos to secure it from the Diuell who otherwise would they thinke carry it away They hang the haire full of shels and Corals about the necke armes and legges applying diuersi Fetissos or wreathes with superstitious fancies that one is good against Vomiting a second for Falling a third for Bleeding a fourth to make it Sleepe a fifth against wilde Beasts and so on in the rest giuing to each Fetisso a seuerall name They quickly learne them to eate and then leaue them about the house like dogs they soone learne to goe to speake to swim When they are first borne they are not blacke but reddish as the Brasilians Each woman brings vp her owne they teach them no ciuilitie and beat them sometimes cruelly with staues When they are eight or ten or twelue yeeres old they learne them to spinne Bark-threed and make nets after that they goe with their Fathers to fish At eighteene yeeres old they begin to set vp for themselues two or three of them together hiring a house and Canoa and then they couer their priuities grow amorous and their Fathers looke out wiues for them They haue little haire on their face at thirty they weare nayles as long as the joynt of a mans finger as a token of Gentilitie which is also obserued by Merchants they keepe them very cleane and as white as Iuorie They are great in flesh beyond Men of these parts At threescoore and ten or fourescore their blacknesse decaies and they grow yellow They haue small bellies long legges broad feet long toes sharpe sight quicke wit Estridge mawes are spitefull curiously neat Drunkards Theeues Lecherous and subject to the Pockes whereof they are not ashamed as neither of shewing their nakednesse Yet it is holden shame with them to let a fart which they wondered at in the Hollanders esteeming it a contempt The Women goe long naked are libidinous and would boast of their filthinesse if they could haue their pleasure with the Dutch decking themselues of purpose They weare beades about their neckes and straw Fetissos about their feet The Mulato women in Mina cut their haire short for brauerie They cut three gashes on their fore-head an inch long and likewise on their cheekes neere their eares which they suffer to swell and colour it with painting They make also white strakes vnder their eyes They curle and fold the haire of their head making a hill in the middest like a hat with frizzles round about They vse long combes with two teeth onely each a finger length these they vse also for salutation plucking them out and in as heere men put off or on their hats they make also white spots on their faces which afarre off shew like pearles They rase their armes and brests with diuers cuts on which euery morning they lay colours which cause them to shew like blacke silke doublets cut and pinked They haue earings and bracelets of Copper the vnmarried Maides weare thirty or forty on each arme of Iron the common Queanes weare copper rings with bels on their legs These women are strong nimble well proportioned good house-wiues home-keepers and cookes not very fruitfull The riches of the Guineans are store of Wiues and Children They take great pride of white teeth which therefore they rub with a certaine wood they shew like Iuorie Their garment is a fadome or more of Linnen cloth which they weare about their bodies from beneath the brests to the knees vpon which they girt a piece of blue or yellow cloth whereon hang their kniues and keyes and diuers wispes of straw or Fetissos When

prophecying that they shall not bee mourned for They wash and paint the dead curiously and then couer him ouer with Cotton yarne and put him in a great vessell vnder the Earth that no Earth may come to him and couering this vessell with the Earth make him a House where euery day they carry him meate For when he is wearied with dancing say they hee comes thither to eate Thus for a certaine time they goe to bewaile him euery day With him they bury all his Iewels if any had giuen him a Sword or other thing now he challengeth his gift againe The mourners eat not but by night This mourning lasteth a Moone after which they make Drinkings but many after this will forbeare them They rule themselues by the Sunne and goe two or three hundred leagues thorow the Woods no Horse will hold out with them they feare no Sea being able to continue a night and a day swimming When they returne from victory their women receiue them with shouts and buffeting themselues on the mouth The Keeper appointed to the Captiue is one giuen him to be as his Wife for bed and boord Some of these are so resolute that they will not be ransomed saying it is a wretched thing to dye and to stinke be eaten of Wormes Sometimes their Keeper will run away with them When they kill a Captiue at their Feasts if hee fall on his backe it is an ominous signe that the killer shall dye which presages they obserue in other circumstances The taker hath a new name as a title of dignitie added to him and must be content to fill his fancie with this new Gentility for nothing is left him to fill his belly euery one taking from him that which he hath He stands all that day on certaine logges of the Tree Pilan with strange silence he is presented with the head of the dead the eyes pulled out his pulses annointed with the strings and sinewes and cutting off the mouth whole they put it in manner of a Bracelet about his arme Thus lyeth he downe in his Net fearing if all Rites be not accomplished that the soule of the dead will kill him Within few dayes after they giue him the habit razing his skin with the tooth of a Cutia in forme of some worke putting thereon Cole and juyce of Broome-rape he lying still certaine dayes in silence hauing water meale and fruits set neere him After this they make a great Feast and then may hee lay aside his mourning and cut his haire and thence forwards may kill any without any painfull ceremonie Abaetes Marnbixaba Moczacara are names of Gentilitie amongst them The Fryers haue obtained some good liking with the Brasilians for teaching their children to write reade and cipher the Iesuits will be of esteeme euery where yet two and fifty of them sayling from Lisbon to Brasil Anno 1570. by Frenchmen at Sea were taken and slaine In Marriages they abstaine sayth Lerius onely from Mother Sister and Daughter they obserue no Marriage-ceremonies but vpon consent of her friends and her owne take her home It is a credit to haue many wiues amongst whom is no Leah to enuie Rachels greater portion of loue the Husband may kill the Adulteresse but for their vnmarried Maydens they are not scrupulous Our Author hearing a woman cry in the night thought shee had beene in some danger of deuouring by a wild beast but found her Husband playing the homely Midwife to her in her trauell byting the nauel-string and pressing downe the nose The Father washeth and painteth him They vse to put to their male-infants little Bowes and Arrowes into one end of the bed and herbs at the other which are the Enemies his Son must be supposed to kill and eate chatting out their hope of the childes valour in being auenged when he shall be a man vpon his Enemies They name their children at aduenture by the name of a Beast Bird or otherwise as this Child was called Orapacon that is Bow and Arrowes The men are modest in accompanying with their Wiues secretly The women haue not the ordinary feminine sicknesse Lerius thinkes that humour was diuerted in their youth seeing the Mothers cut their Daughters side downe to the thigh at twelue yeeres of age But twice while he was there did he see any in priuate brawling or contention if such happens as they began so they are suffered to end it if any hurt or kill other he sustayneth the like in his owne person inflicted by the Kindred of the party wronged They haue their proper pieces of ground which they husband with their Rootes and Mais When they entertayne a Stranger the Moussacat or Good-man seemes to neglect him a while and the guest sits him downe silent on the bed the women sit by on the ground and hold their hands before their eyes weeping with many prayses that hee is a good man a valiant man that if he be a Christian he hath brought them fine Wares The Stranger must endeuour in some measure to imitate the like weeping gesture The Moussacat is all this while whitling his Arrow not seeming to see his new Guest till anon he comes And are you come sayth hee How doe you with many termes of his best Rhetoricke and then askes if he be hungry and if he be sets his cheere before him on the ground which kindnesse is repayed with Glasses Combes or the like They are very kind both to their owne and to such Strangers as they are enleagued with They would carry burthen or man for the space of some miles when they needed their loue and hatred are in like extremes the one to their owne the other to their Enemies They haue Physicians called Pages They vse much mourning at the death of any and making a round pit bury him vpright therein sixe houres after his death with that wealth they had In their Villages liue some six hundred persons they remoue their Villages often which yet carry the same name Stadius sayth there are few Villages of aboue seuen Houses but those Houses are a hundred and fifty foot long and two fathoms high without diuision into plurality of Roomes and therein liue many Families all of one Kindred What our Countrimen haue done on this Coast I referre the Reader to Master Hakluyts Discoueries The Iesuits first came into these parts Anno 1549. which whiles they sought to reduce the Brasilians from their Man-eating Feasts had like to haue kindled a dangerous contention betwixt them and the Portugals whereupon the Iesuits sought to bee permitted to speake with them whom they kept for the Boucan instructing baptizing them but then also they complained the flesh was distastfull they said vnto them so that the Iesuits being forbidden that by stealth with a wet cloth following them to execution would performe a kind of Baptisme and that also being espyed was prohibited Since which by schooling their children teaching them to reade and

Epiphanius reporteth of the Gnostikes as great or worse abhominations for euen the Diuell himselfe may bee slandered But long before his time Iacobus de Vitriaco did write of a certaine miserable people liuing in the Mountaines and not farre from Tripoli which in great part obserued the Law of Mahomet but had another hidden Law which they said they might reueale to no man but to their owne Children when they grew to be of ripe age Their wiues and daughters with an implicite faith professe a beliefe in the same but know it not And if the Sonne should vpon any cause reueale it to his Mother the Husband would slay his Wife and the Father his Sonne These eate Swines flesh and drinke Wine and of other Saracens are accounted Heretikes These haue their workes of darknesse in secret wherein they practise filthinesse and such things as are contrarie to the Female sexe and therefore feare lest their wiues would not endure their execrable rites if they were therewith acquainted Howsoeuer the case standeth a filthy Sect it was and is For euen still it continues and if my coniecture deceiue not these are those Drusians of which many Authors haue written falsely surmising them to bee the Relikes of the Latine Armies and of those Frankes which sometime possessed these parts of Syria I deny not but that some of these might ioyne vnto them in and for that fellowship of filthinesse as heere in these parts many debauched beasts with those beastly Gypsies yea I thinke that the Assassines and these since the Tartars destroyed the chiefe of that Sect in Persia and possessed the parts of Syria haue growne into one people receiued also into their societie whatsoeuer dregges of Nations male-contents exiles and vnruely borderers those Mountaines could secure in and thorow all the changes of State and Dominion which those Countries haue suffered which freedome they retayned not onely in the weaker and more vnsetled gouernment of the Mamalukes and Aegyptian Soldans but euen still continue in some sort notwithstanding the Ottoman greatnesse Circumcision they embrace with the Turkes vse the libertie of Christians in drinking Wine and more then beastly licentiousnesse in incestuous copulations with their owne Daughters Thus Botero Knolls in his Turkish Historie saith they follow one Isman a Prophet of their owne and are not Circumcised But I haue learned of a friend of mine one Master Pountesse who hath had acquaintance with them that they are Circumcised And that they are of those Dogzijn which Beniamin mentions it is apparant by their place of abode by their hereticall Sect and Customes so like and by their name easily changed from Dogzijn to Dorzijn and so to Drozijn or Druzijn an easier change then so long a time and forraine pronunciation vsually admit Biddulph writes that they retaine still Baptisme and the names of Christians but are called Rafties that is Infidels Selym the second sought to bring them vnder the Turkish yoke and his successors likewise till these dayes yet both these and the Arabians were neuer made fully subiect Thus the ancient Scythians the Reisbuti in the Mogols Countrey of Cambia the Curdi other Mountaine inhabitants and borderers as also a long time the Welshmen in Wales vnder the greatest soueraignties haue enioyed a kinde of freedome secured by the mountainous situation their naturall hardinesse and the greatest cause their pouertie as a bootlesse bootie and worthlesse conquest to buy barenesse and barrennesse with the price of bloud These Drusians are a people warlike and religious obseruers of their owne superstition yeelding due obedience vnto their naturall Lords they weare long coats reaching to the knees but toned before and no breeches and vse the Arcubuse and Scimatar They are increased in numbers which might come to passe by the long warres which the Westerne Christians with often inuasions made in those parts after they were dispossessed of the Kingdome of Ierusalem the same seconded by the Tartars a long time and after it was the confines of the Turkish and Mamalukes Empires so that it is no maruell if they bee of sundry Nations and Religions being the confluence of so many people and sinke of so many Sects howsoeuer the Drusians name bee predominant They inhabit from Ioppa to Caesarea and Damasco Some dissensions among their Princes gaue opportunitie to Ebrain Bassa An. Dom. 1585. to spoyle their Countrey and extort what hee could one of them helping to cut the others throat yet neuer could he force Man-Ogli to come in and submit himselfe although herein he vsed the Turkish forces and wiliest stratagems then also inuesting Aly Ebre-Carfus in the soueraigntie sweating him to the Turke and carrying with him Ebne-Mansur and Serafadin two of the Drusian Princes which had submitted themselues in his Galleyes as prisoners to Constantinople They are still it is the Relation of a Traueller gouerned by a succession of Princes whom they call Emyrs The present Emer of Sidon is Faccardine a man neuer seene to pray nor in a Mosque small of stature couragious and tyrannicall Hee neuer commenceth battell nor executeth any notable designe without the consent of his Mother a woman skilled in Magicke To his Towne hee hath added a Kingly Signiorie what by his sword and what by his stratagems He pickt a quarrell with Ioseph Emer of Tripoli and dispossest him of Barut and after sackt Tripoli it selfe and forced the Emer to flie to Cyprus and when with the forces of Damasco for hee got to be made Seidar or Gouernour of the Souldierie there he sought to repayre his losses in the field the Damascens were foyled and pursued to the gates of their Citie the conquerours lodging in the Suburbs whence they were remooued by the force of fifteene hundred thousand Sultanies This was Anno 1606. Thus vnder the tytle of a Subiect to the Turke but yeelding obedience at large he holdeth Gazir Barut Sidon Tyrus Acre Saffet or Tyberias Diar Camer Elkiffe the two heads of Iordan the Lake Bemochonthis now called Houle and Sea of Tyberias with the hot Bath adioyning Nazareth Cana and Mount Tabor Saffet is his principall Citie in which are many Iewes The grand Signior often threats his subuersion both for his incroaching and intelligence with the Florentines which hee diuerteth with gifts and fauour but yet prouides for it by fortifying his holds able to hold out a long warre hauing also fortie thousand expert souldiers in continuall pay besides the aduantage of the Mountaines and in greatest extremitie the Sea and the Florentine Hee hath the fifth part of the increase of all things and head-money for all Cattell within his dominions and two Dollers yeerely for the head of euery Iew and Christian The Marchants are there so safe that they may trauell with their purses in their hands yet subiect to tyrannicall seizures vpon the death of Factor or Owner But more then enough of these Drusians and other people 's mingled with them Biddulph mentions Vseph Beg

he soone died Neither did his successours Maruan and Abdalan liue two yeeres in the roome Abdimelec was chosen Caliph who descended from Hali when as Abdalan of the linage of Eubocara the Arabians call this the Maraunian race the other Abazian had possessed himselfe of that title by force whom Ciafa the kinsman of Abdimelec ouerthrew Ciafa after this victorie entring Damascus pluckt Iazid one of the former Caliphs out of his graue burned his bones and hurled the Ashes into the riuer and cruelly persecuted all the Maraunian stocke Hereupon Abedramon one of that house with a great number of his friends and followers fled into Mauritania Tingitana where he was welcomed of the Saracens there being and first intituled himselfe Miralmumim which signifieth The Prince of Beleeuers and then builded Marocco Addimelec hauing other yrons in the fire neglected this first appeasing tumults in his owne state then ouerthrowing the Emperour in the field after receiuing by treason of the Deputie Armenia winning that part of Persia which yet was subiect to the Romans and by his forces spoyling Thracia whiles the Greekes were diuided amongst themselues He also chased the Romane Garrisons out of the coast-Townes which they held in Afrike Abdimelec being dead Vlitus the sonne of Abedramon succeeded vnder whom the Saracens besides the spoile of Galatia conquered all Afrike betwixt Niger and the Sea a little piece excepted at the mouth of the straites subiect to Rodericus the King of Spaine Mucas was made Lieutenant of the Saracen Empire in Afrike To him Iulianus Earle of Cepta full of indignation against his Prince for deflouring his faire daughter Caba about the yeere 712. offereth the conquest of Spaine if hee would furnish him with some competent forces of his Saracens This traytor thus strengthened with the authoritie of this place being Gouernour of the Ile Viridis and diuers places in Africa and Spaine backed with his friends and aided with the Saracens ouerthrew the Gotish Empire which had now ruled Spaine about three hundred yeeres Rodericus losing the field and his state and spending the remnant of his dayes with an Hermite in a solitarie desart of Lusitania Iulianus himselfe was after slaine by the Saracens as were the Spanish Traytors the iust end of vniust treacherie Scaliger out of an Arabian Geographer calleth that Captaine Muses or Moses son of Nutzir of the Marawan stocke who had with him a valiant Captaine named Tark or Tarik of whom the Hill and the Strait is named as the vulgar pronounce it Gibraltar properly Gebal Tarik that is the Hill of Tarik because hee had shipped ouer his Barbarians thither and fortified himselfe in that Hill in the nintieth yeere of the Hegira which hee did least his barbarous souldiers should forsake him and therefore also caused his ships to bee burnt This Vlit Qualid Walid or Oelid for thus I finde his name diuersified in Authors besides these his conquests in Afrike and Europe atchieued by his Captaines great exploites in Asia among which one called Koteybah Eben Moselem conquered Korasan as farre as Tarquestan with all the Countrie of Maurenaher and Koarrazin On the other side Moseleima ben Abdel Malek forced the Graecian Emperour to tribute Hee also erected many publike buildings the most famous of which was the Mosque at Damascus Osiasge his Deputie in Karason was so cruell that he put to death aboue a hundred thousand persons in that Countrey during his gouernment besides an infinite number slaine in the warres Hee had thirtie thousand slaues of diuers Nations This Caliph died Anno Dom. 715. A. Heg. 95. after Mirconds account Persia was not yet fully subdued Gerion and Tarbestan two Prouinces thereof were brought vnder in the time of Soleyman Suleiman or as Curio calls him Zulciminius the next Caliph He sent Malsmas with a great power into Thrace where hauing spoyled the Countrey he laide siege to Constantinople Zulciminius his Master assaulting it by Sea with a Nauie of three thousand Ships in which siege hee died Anno Dom. 719. Aumar his successour had no successe in this attempt partly through the violence of frost causing famine and diseases in his Campe and partly by force of an artificall Glasse wherewith Leo the Emperour cast fire amongst the enemies Fleete and fiering euen the Seas about the ships that by this subtiltie force of tempest of three thousand saile fiue ships onely are said to haue escaped Gizid sent with supply of three hundred and threescore ships durst not approach for feare of this fire and the Saracens by their Caliph were reuoked when the plague had slaine in Constantinople three hundred thousand people In his time Aly Eben Abas one of the descendents of Abas Vncle to Mahomet warred for the Chalifate challenging it to his stocke But Aumar or Homar was poysoned by Ochon and Yezid or Gizid succeeded whose reigne was troubled with the warres of Aly aforesaid still continuing his challenge After him A. 724. succeeded Ochon his brother which had poysoned Homar Persia had some broiles which he pacified He being murthered succeeded Walid or Euelit sonne of Iezid in whose time the bottome of the Sea neere the coasts of Asia minor burned and sent foorth smoake first and after heapes of stones with which the shores of Asia Lesbos and Macedonia were filled and a new Iland tooke beginning of the heaping together of earth which was annexed to the Iland called Sacra The Saracens in Spaine erected amongst themselues many pettie Kingdomes and by their diuisions made way to Pelagius with some remainder of the Spaniards to recouer some of their lost countrey who dying in the yeere 732. his sonne Fafila succeeded in whose time the Saracens passed the Pyrenaean Hills into France where Theodoricus the second was then King but Charles Martell Master of the Kings house ruled as did his father in that office before and his sonne both Pipins after him The Saracens tooke Narbone and after Burdeaux killing in it man woman and childe and raising the Temples to the ground they passed Garunna and ouerturned Angolesme and Bloys and came into Turon where Eudo the Goth then King of a great part of France in wars with Martell for feare of the common enemy entred league and with their ioynt forces slew three hundred and seuentie fiue thousand Saracens and those of Nauarre slew the rest that escaped in their returne But when Eudo was dead Martell tooke part of his Kingdome from his sonnes Hunoldus and Vaifarus who thereupon recalled the Saracens which vnder the leading of Atinus tooke Auenion by the treason of Mauricius then Gouernour from whence and out of France they were driuen by Martellus The Saracens made foure inuasions into Thrace while Euelitus was Caliph to whom succeeded Anno 744. Gizit the third who wasted Cyprus and carried away the people into Syria After him and Ices which two ruled not two yeeres Maruan

which are dried Flesh Cheese Garlicke Rootes and a spare Horse for food besides a better for seruice Their haires tied to long poles are their banners onely the Prince receiueth from the Turke one of silke Both Horse and Men are exceeding skilfull in swimming In passing ouer large streames they set their Saddles and Baggage on Reedes or Rushes which they tye to diuers Horse-tailes themselues holding them by the Manes and guiding them sometimes they sit themselues on those Rushes and sometimes they kill and flay some of their Horses and turning the inside outward timbering them with the ribs of the Horse and sowing them with the hayre make Boates for transportation They take off the wheeles of their Carts and setting them on Rushes as aforesaid transport them The spoile is diuided in common and euery mans losse thence made good to conceale any thing is death whether pillaged from the enemie or found of their owne people In the yeere 1571. they came to Musco and fired the Suburbs which being of wood burned with such rage that in foure houres space it consumed the greatest part of the Citie being thirtie miles or more in compasse The rufulnesse of this sight was seconded with a more dismall euent the people burning in their houses and streets and whiles they sought to flye out of the Citie they wedged themselues with multitude so fast in the Gate which was furthest from the enemie and the streets adioyning as that three rankes walked one vpon the others heads the vppermost treading downe those that were lower so that there perished at that time as was said by the fire and the presse the number of eight hundred thousand people or more The Tartar sent the Russe a knife as vpbraiding him this losse and his desperate case therewith to stab himselfe The cause of this quarrell is the Tartars title to Cazan Astracan and Mosco it selfe which the Moscouite was wont to acknowledge with this homage yeerely in the Castle of Mosko to giue the Cans or Crims Horse Oates out of his Cap himselfe on foot the Crim abiding on his Horse This homage Basilius changed into a tribute of Furres which also by his sonne Iohn was denyed Hereupon once or twice euery yeere sometime about Whitsontide but oftner in haruest hee inuadeth the Country either in great numbers if the Can himselfe come or otherwise in fewer with lighter border-skirmishes Their common practise is to make diuers Armies and drawing the Russe to one place to inuade another They are all Horse-men carrying nothing but a Bow a sheafe of Arrowes and a Fauchion Sword they are expert Riders and shoot as readily backward as forward The Morses or Nobles haue Armour like the Turkes the Common-people none other then their apparell viz. a Black-sheeps skin with the wooll-side outward in the day time and inward in the night with a cap of the same They haue a rule that Iustice is to be practised but towards their own and therefore will promise any thing when they besiege a Citie but being once possessed of the place performe all manner of hostilitie When their number is small they make greater shew with counterfeit shapes of men set on horse-backe In giuing onset they make a great shout crying together Olla billa Olla billa they will dye rather then yeeld contrary to the Turkes custome The chiefe bootie they seeke for is store of Captiues specially yong boyes and girles for which purpose they haue bands intending nothing else and baskets like Bakers Pannyers to carrie them tenderly If they tyre or sicken on the way they dash them against the ground or some tree and so leaue them dead The Russe borders being vsed to their inuasions keepe few other cattell but Swine which their Religion abhorreth to touch They differ herein from the Turkish Religion that they haue certaine Idoll puppets made of silke or like stuffe of the fashion of a man which they fasten to the doore of their walking-houses to be as Ianusses or Keepers of their house And these Idols are made not by all but by certaine Religious women which they haue among them for that and like vses They haue besides the Image of their King of an huge bignesse which they erect at euerie Stage when the Armie marcheth to which euery one must bow as he passeth by both Tartar and Stranger They are much giuen to Witch-craft and ominous coniectures In marriage they onely abstaine from the Mother Sister and Daughter neither doe they account that woman a wife which hath not honoured them with the name of a Father and then beginneth he to take a dowrie of her friends of Horse Sheepe Kine c. If shee bee barren after a certaine time he turneth her home againe Vnder the Emperour they haue certaine Dukes or Morseys which rule ouer hords of ten twentie or fortie thousand which are bound to serue the Emperour with a certaine number of men double-horsed They preferre horse-flesh before other meates esteeming it stronger nourishment this notwithstanding they vsed to send thirtie or fortie thousand horse yeerely to Musko to exchange for other commodities Their Herds of Kine and Flocks of black Sheepe they keepe rather for the Milke then the Flesh though they sometime eate it They drinke Milke or warme Bloud and for the most part curde them both together as they trauell they sometime let their horse bloud and drinke it from his bodie Townes they plant none not standing Villages but haue walking houses built vpon wheeles like a Shepherds Cottage which they moue in the Spring from the South to the North and so with Winter returne Southwards when they come to their Stage or standing Place planting their houses in a rank making the forme of a Towne and Streets Gold and siluer they neglect as they do also Tillage which freeth their Countrey from inuasions For person and complexion they haue broad and flat visages of a tanned colour into yellow and blacke fierce and cruell lookes thin haired vpon the vpper lip and pit of the chin light and nimble bodied with short legs practising themselues to ride and shoot from their child-hood their Parents not suffering their children to eate till they haue shot within a certaine scantling of the marke Their speech is sudden and loud as it were out of a deepe hollow throat their singing like a Cowes lowing In the description of these Crims I haue been thus long because they are now the chiefe knowne Nation of the wandring Tartars and the rest differ little from them except in greater Barbarisme Master George Barkly a friend of mine a Merchant in London hauing trauelled Liuonia Russia Lithuania and Poland went from Cracouia with a Tartar Duke which had come thither to the Parliament to sue for his two Daughters taken by the Polachs and staied with him in his hords which consisted of about a thousand housholds of a kindred six moneths These Tartars sowed a three square graine called Totarka

signifie to the parties prosperitie and abundance At parting euery one hath a cup of wine giuen them Eight dayes after neither partie goeth out of the house and many youthes come and make merry with the Bridegrome imitating they thinke Sampson herein Some say that the man taketh the espoused Bride home to his house to be both witnesse and keeper of her virginity till the marriage solemnitie The day before the marriage the Bride must wash her in that absolute manner before described certaine women ringing with somewhat when shee goeth in and out of the water some of them also leaping and dancing The Bridegrome sends the Bride a wedding girdle embossed with gold and shee him another with siluer studs On the wedding day the Bride adornes her selfe in the best Iewish dresse with her marriage attire and by women singing their sweetest Epithalamia is conueyed into a chamber and their placing her on a faire seate braid her haire into goodle curles and put a vaile ouer her eyes in imitation of Rebeccas modestie singing meane-while dancing and expressing the greatest signes of ioy thinking they therein please God as being taught by their Rabbines that God vsed the like curling singing and dancing when he presented Eue to Adam yea refused not to serue that new couple and with his owne hands made the canopie vnder which they were to receiue their marriage blessing the Angels with pipes and trumpets making musike to leade the dance That which Moses saith God built a woman The Talmud interpreteth Hee made curles and hee brought her to Adam to wit with leaping and dancing When the marriage benediction is to bee solemnized foure boyes beare a canopie on foure poles into the place appointed which is some street or garden abroad in the open aire the people sounding their acclamations Blessed be he which commeth The Bride being led by others goeth three time about the Bridegrome as a cocke goeth about a hen and that forsooth to fulfill that Prophecie A woman shall compasse a man hee also must fetch one compasse about her The people also besprinkle the Bride with wheat crying out Increase and multiply according to that of the Psalmist He filleth thee with the fat of wheat In some places they mingle money with the wheat which the poore Iewes gather vp The Bride stands on the right hand for it is written Thy wife standeth on thy right hand with her face also to the South for then she shall be fruitfull The Rabbi which marrieth them taketh the end of the Vestment about the Bridegromes necke they call it Talles and puts it on the Brides head after the example of Boaz and Ruth and then takes a glasse filled with wine ouer which hee vttereth the marriage blessing praysing God by whose instinct these persons were espoused and so reacheth the glasse to them and bids them drinke This glasse if she bee a Virgin hath but a narrow mouth at Wormes they vse an earthen pot Now the Rabbi receiuing a Ring of pure gold without any Iewell in it sheweth it to some witnesses asking them if it bee good and worth the money it cost and then puts it on the Brides finger and with a loud voice pronounceth the spousall letters After this he takes another glasse of wine and blesseth God that the Bridegrome and Bride haue accepted of each other and giues it them to taste This done the Bridegrome breaketh the former glasse against the wall or ground in remembrance of the destruction of Ierusalem in which respect in some places they put ashes on the Bridegromes head He weareth for this cause a black-hood on his head like a mourner and the bride likewise weareth a black cloth fit to terrifie children with the deformitie Thus do they mixe mirth and mourning as Dauid warneth Reioyce vnto him in trembling This ended they sit downe at table and then must the Bridegrome make trial of his brest in singing a long prayer others in the meane time call to make ready the hens Then is there a hen and an egge set before the Bride of that the Bridegrome carueth her a piece and then presently all the company men and women teare the hen amongst them like hungrie hounds snatching out of each others hands and mouthes all to glad the new married couple The egge is not sodde but in another scene of mirth one casteth it in the face of another of some Christian especially if any bee present at the nuptials In the same is a mysterie included for the Bride that she shall haue as easie trauell in child-birth as the hen layeth her egges After this they fall to their cheere and dances one they call the Mitzuah or commandment-dance as if GOD had enioyned it The chiefe ghest takes the Bridegroome by the hand another him and so on through the companie likewise the chiefe woman takes the Bride another her and so one another then doe they dance in a long row with a tumultuous noyse and so end the nuptiall sports Among all their other blessings the Bridegrome is to say one Vbi perspexerit sanguinem virgineum to vse the words of Genebrard who expresseth it being borrowed from some words of the Canticles fleshly abused by such application The Marriage commonly lasteth eight dayes and on the Sabbath they dance the Iustiest of all doing the Sabbath herein a singular honour because that also is called a Bride It is prohibited to bid any vncircumcised ghest to this banquet for Salomon saith The stranger doth not intermeddle with his ioy Yea the good Angels seeing such there will depart and the euill will come and raise strifes and contentions For they thinke no place emptie from the earth to the skie but all full of good or bad Angels flying or standing in the same The marriage is in publike lest whoredome should be couered vnder that pretext pretending themselues married when they were not §. IIII. Of Coniugall Duties LEt it not grieue you to heare somewhat of the Duties betwixt man and wife The Husband oweth ten things to the Wife three according to the Law her nourishment her cloathing and her time namely of due beneuolence to bee performed and seuen things according to the words of the Scribes The first whereof is the foundation of dowrie viz. two hundred denarij if she bee a virgin otherwise an hundred The other concerne the condition of the dowrie The woman which rendereth not her husband his due is rebellious and refractarie and hee is bidden to expell her without a dowrie The conditions of the dowrie were first to cure her in sickenesse secondly to redeeme her being captiue thirdly to burie her being dead fourthly to nourish her out of his owne goods and that she dwell in his house in her widdow-hood fifthly to keepe her daughters till marriage sixtly that her sonnes inherit They appoint not onely loue but honour to the wife as Peter also

enioyneth to this weaker vessell which honour they say is in meate and drinke and goodly garments for which hee shall this was a womans friend haue fauour with God The Author of Arbaa Turim addeth That a man should loue his wife as his owne bodie and honour her aboue his bodie and keepe her as one of his members For the wife is the other halfe of man and a man without a wife is but halfe a man And let him take heed of striking his wife said another or to bee virulent in termes against her For for her teares how pittifully easie are they to some his punishment is neere And howsoeuer since the destruction of the Temple the doore of Prayers hath beene shut yet the doore of teares hath not beene shut as saith Dauid Bee not thou silent at my teares And should not a man honour his wife Yes saith R. Hauina for a man hath no blessing but for his wife as it is written Hee blessed Abraham for her Let a man cloath himselfe I would not haue women heare it beneath his abilitie his children according to his abilitie and his wife aboue his abilitie Let the wife honour her husband as her father and feare to displease him and let him spare her in his anger remembring that shee was taken out of his ribbes But for the wiues choyse A man ought saith one to sell all that hee hath and buy a wife the daughter of a wise Disciple if he finde not such an one let him take a daughter of the Great men of his time if not such the daughter of a Synagogue-Ruler in that defect let him take the daughter of one which gathereth Almes if not then of a Schoole-master and not the daughter of the people of the Land of whom the Scripture saith Cursed bee he that lyeth with a Beast They say that a man ought not to lodge in the same chamber no not with his Sister Daughter or daughter in Law yea there Wise men forbid conference with a woman altogether §. V. Of Diuorce and other Marriage obseruations THe bill of diuorce is still practised among the Iewes it must bee written in twelue lines it is therefore called Get neither more nor lesse and deliuered to the woman before three credible witnesses vnder their hands and seales Then doth the husband deliuer it to her saying Loe woman the bill of thy Diuorce take it of mee by it being diuorced from mee bee thou free to another husband The tenor of this bill is this The second day of the weeke the eight and twentieth of the moneth N. in the yeere of the world 5363. as we heere at Mentz vpon Rhene vse to reckon I Isaac sirnamed Eckendorf sonne of R. Abr. now dwelling at Mentz of my free will without constraint thee Sara sir-named Turmmerle daughter of R. Leui which hitherto hath beene my wife haue determined to free forsake and diuorce And now to forsake free and put thee from me that thou mayest bee thine owne and at thine owne free will and pleasure mayest depart whither thou wilt and none from hence-forth for euer shall prohibite thee And thou art so freed that thou mayest marrie to any other man This diuorce may not bee done in euery place but they haue some speciall place appointed noted and knowne situate on some knowne Riuer whereto certaine chiefe Rabbines are called by writing if there bee none there dwelling which consummate the businesse By the old Law a woman might be reconciled to her husband before the Bill of diuorce giuen not after The obseruation of the brother to marrie the wife of his brother deceased without issue or else to lose the inheritance which was testified by pulling off his shooe and spetting in his face is now thus ruled by the Rabbins that none shall marrie such a widdow but rather suffer the premised ignominie which is performed in this sort She comes before the chiefe Rabbi with fiue witnesses where the Rabbi demands if she haue been three months a widdow if her husband had a brother vnmarried if the partie conuented bee he c. and lastly if shee be fasting for otherwise she might not spet in her brothers face Of him also the Rabbi asketh like questions and receiuing a denyall of marriage there is brought a shooe of singular fashion for that purpose which hee putteth on his right foot bare and then setteth himselfe against a wall The woman comes and disclaiming his affinitie stoopeth and with her right hand for if she want a right hand it putteth the Rabbines out of their right wits to skan whether with her teeth or how else it may be done vnlooseth the shooe and taking it off spets in his face so that the fiue witnesses may see it saying Thus it shall be done with him which will not build the house of his brother In the time of her vncleannesse a woman may not enter into the Synagogue nor pray nor name the Name of GOD nor handle any holy booke which if they obserue the Rabbines promise them longer life As soone as she knoweth of her vncleannesse she presently seperateth her selfe from her husband the space of seuen dayes not touching him nor sitting on the same seate nor eating in the same dish or on the same cloath nor may drinke out of the same cup nor stand against him nor speake in his face If one will giue any thing to the other one layeth it on a bench or table and goeth away and the other commeth and taketh it They say it procureth the Leprosie in the Children which are then gotten which they obiect to Christians When shee hath numbred seuen dayes of her vncleannesse shee proceedeth to number as many of her purification after which time finding her selfe pure shee cloatheth her selfe in white and taking a woman with her washeth her selfe in cold water some in winter put in warme water to it which others in the coldest season refuse and leaues not a hayre of her head vnwashed as before is described Some fast till they haue done it lest the flesh in the teeth should hinder the water from comming to them for mouth and eyes must bee open and they must stoope that the pappe keepe not away the water from the brest and if they haue a playster on a sore it must off and their nayles must bee pared They write that if any shall exceed twentie yeeres and not marrie or if hee shall marrie a wife which is barren he sinneth as much as if hee had slaine a man and deserueth the punishment of Onan whom GOD slew Prouided if hee addict himselfe to the studie of the Law and findeth no need of a wife but if he finde concupiscence preuaile hee ought to marrie notwithstanding And this necessitie remaineth till he hath begotten a sonne and a daughter §. VI. Of the Iewish Beggers Diseases and Penances THe poorer Iewes on the Friday night and euery Festiuall