the Senate by the next Censors and many iudge that he was worthy of this infamy for that he was periured in iudgement or bicause he was so subiect and geuen to his pleasure Caius Herennius was also called for a witnesse against Marius but he did alleage for his excuse that the law and custome did dispense with the Patrone to be a witnesse against his follower client and he was quit by the iudges For the ROMAINES alwayes call those Patrons who take the protection of meaner then them selues into their handes saying that Marius predecessors and Marius him selfe had euer bene followers of the house of the HERENNIANS The iudges receiued his aunswere and allowed thereof But Marius spake against it alleaging that since he had receiued this honor to beare office in the common wealth he was now growen from this base condicion to be any more a follower of any man the which was not true in all For euery office of a Magistrate doth not exempt him that hath the office nor yet his posterity to be vnder the patronage of an other nor doth discharge him from the duety of honoring them but of necessity he must be a Magistrate which the law doth permit to sit in the crooked chayer called Curulis that is to say caried vppon a charet through the city But notwithstanding that at the first hearing of this cause Marius had but ill successe and that the iudges were against him all they could yet in the ende for all that at the last hearing of his matter Marius contrary to all mens opinions was discharged bicause the iudges opinions with and against him fell to be of like number He vsed him selfe very orderly in his office of Praetorshippe and after his yeare was out when it came to deuide the prouinces by lot SPAINE fell vnto him which is beyond the riuer of Baetis where it is reported that he skowred all the contrie thereabouts of theeues and robbers which notwithstanding was yet very cruell and sauage for the rude barbarous and vnciuill manner and facion of life of the inhabitantes there For the SPANYARDS were of opinion euen at that time that it was a goodly thinge to liue apon thefte and robbery At this returne to ROME out of SPAYNE desiring to deale in matters of the common wealth he saw that he had neither eloquence nor riches which were the two meanes by the which those that were at that time in credit and authority did cary the people euen as they would Notwithstanding they made great accompt of his constancy and noble minde they found in him of his great paynes and trauell he tooke continually and of the simplicity of his life which were causes to bring him to honor and preferment insomuch as he maried very highly For he maried Iulia that was of the noble house of the Caesars and aunte vnto Iulius Caesar who afterwardes came to be the chiefest man of all the ROMAINES and who by reason of that allyance betwene them seemed in some thinges to followe Marius as we haue wrytten in his life Marius was a man of great temperaunce and pacience as may be iudged by an acte he did puttinge him selfe into the handes of surgeons For his shanckes and legges were full of great swollen veynes and being angrie bicause it was no pleasaunt thinge to beholde he determined to put him selfe into the handes of surgeons to be cured And first laying out one of his legges to the surgeon to worke vpon he would not be bound as others are in the like case but paciently abode all the extreame paines a man must of necessity feele being cut without sturring groning or sighing still keeping his countenaunce and sayed neuer a word But when the surgeon had done with his first legge and would haue gone to the other he would not geue it him nay sayd he I see the cure is not worth the paine I must abide Afterwardes Caecilius Metellus the Consull being appointed to go into AFRICKE to make warre with king Iugurthe tooke Marius with him for one of his Lietenauntes Marius being there seeing notable good seruice to be done and good occasion to shew his manhoode was not of minde in this voyage to increase Metellus honor and reputacion as other Lieutenauntes did and thought that it was not Metellus that called him forth for his Lieutenaunt but fortune her selfe that presented him a fit occasion to raise him to greatnes and as it were did lead him by the hand into a goodly field to put him to the proofe of that he coulde doe And for this cause therefore he endeuored him selfe to shew all the possible proofes of valliantnesse and honor he could For the warres being great continually there he neuer for feare refused any attempt or seruice how daungerous or painfull so euer it were neither disdained to take any seruice in hand were it neuer so litle but exceeding all other his fellowes and companions in wisedome and foresight in that which was to be done and striuing with the meanest souldiers in liuing hardly and painefully wanne the goodwill and fauor of euery man For to say truely it is a great comforte refreshing to souldiers that labor to haue companiōs that labor willingly with them For they thinke that their company laboring with them doth in manner take away the compulsion and necessity Furthermore it pleaseth the ROMAINE souldier maruelously to see the Generall eate openly of the same bread he eateth or that he lyeth on a hard bed as he doth or that him selfe is the first man to set his hande to any worke when a trenche is to be cast or their campe to be fortified For they doe not so much esteeme the Captaines that honor and reward them as they doe those that in daungerous attempts labor and venture their liues with them And further they do farre better loue them that take paines with them then those that suffer them to liue idlely by them Marius performing all this and winning thereby the loue and goodwills of his souldiers he straight filled all LIBYA and the city of ROME with his glory so that he was in euery manns mouth For they that were in the campe in AFRICKE wrote vnto them that were at ROME that they should neuer see the ende of these warres against this barbarous king if they gaue not the charge vnto Marius and chose him Consull These thinges misliked Metellus very much but specially the misfortune that came apon Turpilius did maruelously trouble him which fell out in this sorte Turpilius was Metellus frende yea he and all his parentes had followed Metellus in this warre being master of the workes in his campe Metellus made him gouernor ouer the city of VACCA a goodly great city and he vsing the inhabitantes of the same very gently and curteously mistrusted nothing till he was fallen into the handes of his enemies through their treason For they had brought king
SESTOS and of BIZANTIVM the confederates to honor him withall gaue him the preheminence to deuide the spoyle amongest them Whereuppon he made the diuision and set out the bodies of the barbarous peole all naked by them selues and layed the spoyles and their apparell by them selues The confederates founde this distribution very vnequall but neuerthelesse Cimon gaue them the choyce to choose which of the two would and that the ATHENIANS should be contented with that which they left So there was a SAMIAN Captaine called Herophytus that gaue the confederats counsel rather to take the spoiles of the PERSIANS then the PERSIANS them selues and so they did for they tooke the spoile of the prisoners goodes and apparell and left the men vnto the ATHENIANS Whereupon Cimon was thought at that time of the common souldiers to be but an ill deuider of spoyle bicause that the confederats caried away great store of chaines karkanets and braselets of gold goodly rich purple apparell after the PERSIAN facion and the ATHENIANS brought away naked bodies of men very tender and vnacquainted with paine and labor But shortly after the parentes and frendes of these prisoners came out of PHRYGIA and LYDIA and redeemed euery man of them at a great raunsome so that Cimon gathered such a masse of readie money together by their raunsome as he defrayed the whole charges of all his gallies with the same for the space of foure monethes after and left a great summe of money besides in the sparing treasure of ATHENS Cimon by this meanes being nowe become riche bestowed the goodes which he had thus honorably gotten from the barbarous people more honorably againe in relieuing his poore decayed citizens For he brake vp all his hedges and inclosures and layed them plaine and open that trauellers passing by and his owne poore citizens might take as much frute thereof as they would without any maner daunger And furthermore kept a continuall table in his house not furnished with many dishes but with meate sufficient for many persons and where his poore contrie men were dayly refreshed that would come vnto that ordinary so as they needed not otherwise care to labor for their liuing but might be the readier haue the more leasure to serue the common wealth Yet Aristotle the Philosopher wryteth that it was not for all the ATHENIANS indifferently that he kept this ordinarie table but for his poore townes men onely in the village of LACIA where he was borne Furthermore he had alwayes certaine young men waiting on him of his household seruauntes well appartelled if he met by chaunce as he went vp and downe the citie any olde citizen poorely arrayed he made one of these younge men strip him selfe and chaunge apparell with the olde man and that was very well thought of and they all honored him for it Moreouer these young men caried euer good store of money about them and when they met with any honest poore citizen in the market place or else where knowinge his pouertie they secretly gaue him money in his hande and sayd neuer a worde Which the Poet selfe Cratinus seemeth to speake of in a comedie of his intituled the Archiloches I am Metrobius the secretarie he VVhich did my selfe assure in age vvell cherished to be At vvealthie Cimons borde vvhere vvant vvas neuer found VVhose distributions and his almes did to the poore abound There thought I for to passe myne aged yeares avvay VVith that right noble godly man vvhich vvas the Greecians stay Furthermore Gorgias Leontine sayd that Cimon got goodes to vse them and that he vsed them to be honored by them And Critias that was one of the thirty tyrannes of ATHENS he wisheth and desireth of the goddes in his elegies The goddes of Scopas heyres the great magnificence And noble hart of Cimon he vvho spared none expence The glorious victories and high triumphant shovves Of good Agesilaus king good goddes oh graunt me those The name of Lichas SPARTAN hath bene famous amongest the GREECIANS and yet we know no other cause why sauing that he vsed to feast straungers that came to LACEDAEMON on their festiuall day to see the sportes and exercises of the young men daunsing naked in the city But the magnificence of Cimon did farre exceede the auncient liberality curtesie and hospitalitie of the ATHENIANS for they of all other were the first men that taught the GREECIANS through out all GREECE how they should sow corne and gather it to maintaine them selues withall and also shewed them the vse of welles and howe they should light and keepe fire But Cimon makinge an hospitall of his owne house where all his poore citizens were sad and relieued and permittinge straungers that trauelled by his groundes to gather such frutes there as the time and season of the yeare yelded he brought againe as it were into the world the goodes to be in common amongest them as the Poets say they were in the old time of Saturnes raigne And now where some accused this honest liberality of Cimon obiecting that it was but to flatter the common people withall and to winne their good willes by that meanes the maner of life he led accompanying his liberality did vtterly confute and ouerthrow their opinions that way of him For Cimon euer tooke parte with the nobilitie and liued after the LACEDAEMONIANS manner as it well appeared in that he was alwayes against Themistocles who without all compasse of reason encreased the authority and power of the people and for this cause he ioyned with Aristides and was against Ephialtes who would for the peoples sake haue put downe and abolished Ariopagus courte And where all other gouernors in his time were extorcioners and bribetakers Aristides and Ephialtes only excepted he to the contrarie led an vncorrupt life in administracion of iustice euer had cleane hands whatsoeuer he spake or did for the state and common wealth and would therefore neuer take money of any man liuing And for proofe hereof we finde it wrytten that a noble man of PERSIA called Resaces being a traitor to his master the king of PERSIA fled on a time vnto ATHENS where being continually bayted and wearied with the common accusations of these tale bearers picke thanks that accused him to the people he repayred at the length vnto Cimon brought him home to his owne dore two bowles th one full of darickes of gold and the other of darickes of siluer which be peeces of money so called bicause that the name of Darius was written vpon them Cimon seeing this offer fell a laughing and asked him whether of the two he would rather choose to haue him his frende or his hierling The barbarous noble man aunswered him that he had rather haue him his frend Then sayd Cimon to him againe away with thy golde and siluer and get thee hence for if I be thy frend that gold and siluer shall
them howbeit they gaue no credit vnto him Yet Cicero in an oration of his doth plainly accuse Crassus Caesar as confederats with Catiline howbeit this oration came not forth till they were both dead And in the oration he made also when his office and authority of Consul ceased he sayd that Crassus came one night to him shewed him a letter touching Catiline certainly confirming the conspiracy then in examination For which cause Crassus euer after hated him and that he did not openly reuenge it the let was by meane of his sonne For Publius Crassus much fauoring eloquence and beinge geuen to his booke bare great good will vnto Cicero in such sorte that apon his banishment he put on chaunged garmentes as Cicero did and procured many other youthes to do the like also and in fine perswaded his father to become his frend Caesar now returning to ROME from the prouince he had in gouernment intended to sue for the Consulshippe and perceiuing that Pompey Crassus were againe at a iarre thought thus with him selfe that to make the one of them his frend to further his sute he should but procure thother his enemy and minding therfore to attaine his desire with the fauor of them both sought first the meanes to make thē frendes perswaded with them that by their controuersie th one seeking thothers vndoing they did thereby but make Cicero Catulus and Cato of the greater authority who of them selues were of no power if they two ioyned in frendshippe together for making both their frendes and factions one they might rule the state and common wealth euen as they would Caesar hauing by his perswasion reconciled Crassus and Pompey ioyning their three powers in one made them selues vnuincible which afterwardes turned to the destruction of the people and Senate of ROME For he made them not only greater than they were before the one by the others meanes but him selfe also of great power through them For when they beganne to fauor Caesar he was straight chosen Consull without any deniall and so behaued him selfe in the Consulship that at the length they gaue him charge of great armies and then sent him to gouerne the GAVLES which was as a man may say euen them selues to put him into the castell that should kepe all the citie in subiection imagining that they two should make spoyle and good booty of the rest sithence they had procured him such a gouernment Now for Pompey the cause that made him commit this error was nothing els but his extreame ambition But as for Crassus besides his old vice of couetousnes rooted in him he added to that a newe a uarice and desire of triumphes and victories which Caesars fame for prowes and noble actes in warres did throughly kindell in him that he being otherwise his better in all thinges might not yet in that be his inferior which furie tooke such holde as it neuer left him till it brought him vnto an infamous end and the common wealth to great misery Thus Caesar being come out of his prouince of GAVLE vnto LVCA diuers ROMANES went thither to see him and among other Pompey and Crassus They hauing talked with him in secret agreed among them to deuise to haue the whole power of ROME in their handes so that Caesar should kepe his armie together and Crassus and Pompey should take other prouinces and armies to them Now to attaine to this they had no way but one that Pompey and Crassus should againe sue the second time to be Consulls and that Caesars frendes at ROME should stand with them for it sending also a sufficient number of his souldiers to be there at the day of choosing the Consulls Thereupon Pompey and Crassus returned to ROME to that ende but not without suspicion of their practise for there ranne a rumor in the citie that their meeting of Caesar in LVCA was for no good intent Whereupon Marcellinus and Domitius asked Pompey in open Senate if he ment to make sute to be Consull Pompey aunswered them peraduenture he did peraduenture he did not They asking him againe the same question he aunswered he would sue for the good men not for the euill Pompeyes answers were thought very prowde hawty Howbeit Crassus aunswered more modestly that if he saw it necessary for the common wealth he would sue to be Consull if not that he would nor stand for it Vpon these words some were so bold to make sute for the Consulshippe as Domitius among other But afterwardes Pompey and Crassus standing openly for it all the rest left of their sute for feare of them Domitius only excepted whom Cato so prayed and intreated as his kinseman and frend that he made him to seeke it For he perswaded him that it was to fight for the defense of their libertie and how that it was not the Consulshippe Crassus and Pompey looked after but that they went about to bring in a tyranny that they sued not for the office but to get such prouinces and armies into their handes as they desired vnder colour and countenaunce of the Consulship Cato ringing these words into their eares beleuing it certainly to be true as he sayd brought Domitius as it were by force into the market place where many honest men ioyned with thē bicause they wondred what the matter ment that these two noble men should sue the second time to be Consulls and why they made sute to be ioyned together and not to haue any other with them considering there were so many other worthy men meete to be companion with either of them both in that office Pompey fearing he should be preuented of his purpose fell to commit great outrage and violence As amongest other when the day came to choose the Consulls Domitius going earely in the morning before day accōpanied with his frends to the place where the electiō should be his man that caried the torch before him was slaine by some whom Pompey had layed in waite many of his companie hurt and among others Cato And hauing thus dispersed them he beset a house rounde about whether they fled for succour and inclosed them there vntill they were both chosen Consulls together Shortly after they came with force to the pulpit for orations and draue Cato out of the market place slue some of them that resisted would not flye They also then prolonged Caesars gouernment of the GAVLES for fiue yeres more and procured for them selues by decree of the people the contries of SYRIA and SPAYNE Againe when they drew lottes together SYRIA fell to Crassus and SPAYNE to Pompey Euery man was glad of their fortune For the people on the one side were loth Pompey should goe farre from ROME him selfe also louing his wife well was glad he had occasion to be so neere her that he might remaine the most of his time at ROME But Crassus of all other reioyced
doe mainteine that an honest and wise man can no waye be iniured nor dishonoured For all the displeasure he receyued by the peoples follie was in respect of the common wealth bicause they had put a sworde into a mad mans hande in geuing Minutius authoritie to followe his rashe humour and fonde ambition in the warres Wherefore fearing least he being blinded with vaine glorie and presumptuous opinion of him selfe should rashely and vpon a head hasten to doe some great hurte before he came to the campe he departed sodainely out of ROME without any mans knowledge to returne againe to the caÌ„pe where he found Minutius so prowde stowte that he was not to be delt with For he would nedes haue the authoritie to commaund the whole armie when it came to his turne But Fabius would not consent to that but deuided the one halfe of the armie betweene them thincking it better he should alone commaunde the one halfe then the whole army by turnes So he chose for him selfe the first and third legion and gaue vnto him the seconde and fourth deuided also betwene them the ayde of their friends And when Minutius made his boaste that the maiestie of the highest magistrate was brought lower for his sake Fabius tolde him that he might thincke if he were wise he had not to fight with him but with Hannibal and if he would nedes contend against his companion yet he should haue a speciall regard and consideration that hauing wonne nowe the cittizens good willes by whom he was so much honoured he should haue no lesse care of their healthe and safety then he had who was nowe troden vnder foote and ill intreated by them Minutius tooke his lesson for a counterfeate mocke after olde mens manners facion so taking the one half of the armie vnto him went and lodged alone by him self Hannibal hearing of their â—arre and squaring together sought straight oportunitie to make their discord finely to serue his turne Nowe there was a hill betwene both their campes not very harde to be wonne and it was an excellent place to lodge a campe safely in and was very fitte and commodious for all things The fields that were about it dyd seeme a farre of to be very playne euen ground bicause they had no couert of wodde to shadowe them yet were there many ditches and litle vallies in them wherefore Hannibal though he might easely haue taken it at his pleasure if he had listed dyd let it alone in the middest betwene them for a bayte to drawe out his enemies to the battell Nowe when Hannibal sawe Fabius and Minutius lodged a sonder he placed certaine bandes in the night among those ditches and valleyes Afterwardes the next morning by breake of daye he sent a small number of men openly to winne this hill hoping by this pollicie to traine Minutius out to the field as it fell out in deede For first Minutius sent thither his light horsemen and afterwardes all his men at armes and lastely perceyuing that Hannibal him selfe came to relieue his men that were vpon the hill he him self marched forward also with all the rest of his armie in order of battell gaue a whotte charge vpon them that defended the hill to driue them thence The fight continued equall a good space betwene them both vntill such time as Hannibal saw his enemie come directly within his daunger and shewed the rereward of his battell naked vnto his men whom before he had layed in ambushe he straight raised the signall he had geuen them They vpon that discouered all together and with great cries dyd set vpon the rereward of the ROMAINES slue a great number of them at the first charge and dyd put the reste in suche a feare and disorder as it is vnpossible to expresse it Then was Minutius rashe brauerie and fonde boastes muche cooled when he looked first vpon one captaine then vpon another and sawe in none of them any corage to tarie by it but rather that they were all readie to ronne away Which if they had done they had bene cast awaye euery man for the NVMIDIANS finding they were the stronger dyd disperse themselues all about the plaine killing all stragglers that fled Minutius souldiers being brought to this daunger and distresse which Fabius foresawe they would fall into and hauing vpon this occasion his armie readie ranged in order of battell to see what would be come of Minutius not by reporte of messengers but with his owne eyes he got him to a litle hill before his campe where when he sawe Minutius and all his men compassed about on euery side euen staggering ready to flye heard besides their cries not like men that had hartes to fight but as men scared and ready to flye for feare to saue them selues he clapped his hande on his thighe and fetched a great sighe saying to those that were about him O goddes howe Minutius is gone to cast him selfe awaye soner then I looked for and later then he desired But in speaking these wordes he made his ensignes marche on in haste crying out alowde O my friends we must dispatche with speede to succour Minutius for he is a valliaÌ„t man of persone one that loueth the honour of his countrie And though with ouermuch hardines he hath ventred to farre made a faulte thinking to haue put the enemies to flight time serueth not now to accuse him we will tell him of it hereafter So he preseÌ„tly brake the NVMIDES and disparsed them that laye waiting in the fields for the ROMAINES which they thought would haue fled Afterwardes he went further and dyd set vpon them that had geuen charge vpon the rereward of Minutius battell where he slue them that made head against him The residue fearing least they should fall into the daunger they had brought the ROMAINES vnto before they were enuironned in of all sides dyd turne taile straight to Fabius Now Hannibal seeing this chaunge and considering howe Fabius in persone with more corage then his age required dyd make a lane in the middest of those that fought against the side of the hill to come to the place where Minutius was he made the battell to cease and commaunded to sounde the retreate and so drue backe his men againe into his campe the ROMAINES being very glad also they might retire with safetie They saye Hannibal in his retiring sayed merylie to his friends haue not I tolde you Sirs many a time and ofte of the hanging clowde we sawe on the toppe of the mountaines howe it would breake out in the ende with a tempest that would fall vpon vs After this battell Fabius hauing stript those that were left dead in the field retired againe to his owne campe spake not an ill word of Minutius his companion Minutius then being come to his caÌ„pe assembled his souldiers spake thus to them My friends not to erre at all
enterprising great matters it is a thing passing mans nature but to take warning hereafter by faultes that are paste and done it is the parte of a wise and valliant man For my selfe I acknowledge I haue no lesse occasion to prayse fortune then I haue also cause to complaine of her For that which long time could neuer teach me I haue learned by experience in one litle pece of a daye and that is this That I am not able to commaunde but am my selfe fitter to be gouerned and commaunded by another and that I am but a foole to stande in mine owne conceipt thinking to ouercome those of whom it is more honour for me to confesse my selfe to be ouercome Therefore I tell you that the Dictator Fabius henceforth shal be he who alone shall commaund you in all things And to let him knowe that we doe all acknowledge the fauour which we haue presently receyued at his hands I will leade you to geue him thankes will may selfe be the first man to offer to obey him in all that he shall commaund me These wordes being spoken he commaunded his ensigne bearers to followe him he him selfe marched formest towards Fabius campe When he came thither he went directly to the Dictators tente whereat euery man wondered not knowing his intent Fabius came out to mete him Minutius after he had set downe his ensignes at his seete sayed with a lowde voyce O father and his souldiers vnto Fabius souldiers O masters which name the bondemen that are infranchesed doe vse to them that haue manumised them Afterwards euery man being silent Minutius beganne alowde to saye vnto him My lorde Dictator this daye you haue wonne two victories The one of Hannibal whom valliantly you haue ouercome the second of my selfe your companion whom also your wisedome and goodnes hath vanquished By the one you haue saued our liues and by the other you haue wisely taught vs So haue we also bene ouercome in two sortes the one by Hannibal to our shame and the other by your selfe to our honour and preseruation And therefore doe I nowe call you my father finding no other name more honorable to call you by wherewith I might honour you acknowledging my selfe more bounde vnto you for the present grace and fauour I haue receyued of you then vnto my naturall father that begatte me For by him only I was begotten but by you mine and all these honest cittizens liues haue bene saued And hauing spoken these wordes he embraced Fabius and so dyd the souldiers also hartely embrace together and kisse one another Thus the ioye was great through the whole campe and one were so glad of another that the teares trickled downe their chekes for great ioye Nowe when Fabius was afterwardes put out of his office of Dictatorshippe there were new Consuls chosen againe the two first followed directly Fabius former order he had begōne For they kept them selues from geuing Hannibal any battell and dyd allwayes send ayde to their subiects and friends to keepe them from rebellion vntill that Terentius Varro a man of meane birth and knowen to be very bold and rashe by flattering of the people wanne credit among them to be made Consul Then they thought that he by his rashnes and lacke of experience would incontinently hazard battell bicause he had cried out in all the assemblies before that this warre would be euerlasting so long as the people dyd chuse any of the Fabians to be their generalles and vawnted him selfe openly that the first daye he came to see his enemies he would ouerthrowe them In geuing out these braue wordes he assembled such a power that the ROMAINES neuer sawe so great a number together against any enemie that euer they had for he put into one campe foure score and eight thousand fighting men This made Fabius and the other ROMAINES men of great wisedome and iudgement greatly affrayed bicause they sawe no hope for ROME to rise againe if it fortuned that they should lose so great a number of goodly youth Therefore Fabius talked with the other Consul called Paulus AEmilius a man very skilfull and expert in warres but ill beloued of the common people whose furie he yet feared for that they had condemned him a litle before to paye a greatfine to the treasurie and after he had somwhat comforted him he beganne to persuade and encorage him to resist the fonde rashnes of his companion telling him that he should haue asmuch to doe with Terentius Varro for the preseruation and safety of his countrie as to fight with Hannibal for defence of the same For they were both Marshall men and had a like desire to fight the one bicause he knewe not wherein the vantage of his strength consisted and the other bicause he knewe very well his weaknes You shall haue reason to beleeue me better for matters touching Hannibal then Terentius Varro For I dare warrant you if you keepe Hannibal from battell but this yere he shall of necessitie if he tarie consume him self or els for shame be driuen to flye with his armie And the rather bicause hetherto though he seeme to be lorde of the field neuer one yet of his enemies came to take his parte and moreouer bicause there remaines at this daye in his campe not the third parte of his armie he brought with him out of his countrie Vnto these persuasions the Consul as it is reported aunswered thus When I looke into my selfe my lorde Fabius me thinkes my best waye were rather to fall vpon the enemies pikes then once againe to light into the hands voyces of our cittizens Therefore sith the estate of the common wealth so requireth it that it behoueth a man to doe as you haue sayed I will doe my best indeuour to shewe my selfe a wise captaine for your sake only rather then for all other that should aduise me to the cōtrarie And so Paulus departed from ROME with this minde But Terentius his companion would in any case they should cōmaund the whole armie by turnies eche his daye by him selfe and went to encampe harde by Hannibal by the riuer of Aufide neere vnto the village called CANNES Nowe when it came to his daye to cōmaund by turnes early in the mourning be caused the signall of battell to be set out which was a coate armour of skarlet in graine that they dyd laye out vpon the pauilion of the generall so that the enemies at the first sight begāne to be afeard to see the lustines of this newe come generall and the great number of souldiers he had also in his hoste in comparison of them that were not halfe so many Yet Hannibal of a good corage commaunded euery man to arme and to put them selues in order of battell and him selfe in the meane time taking his horse backe followed with a fewe gallopped vp to the toppe of a litle hill not very steepe from whence he might
ioyne with him the wisedome of Nicias and appointed Lamachus also for their third captaine whom they sent thither though he were waxen now somewhat olde as one that had shewed him selfe no lesse venturous and hardie in some battells then Alcibiades him selfe Now when they came to resolue of the number of souldiers the furniture and order of these warres Nicias sought crookedly to thwart this iorney and to breake it of altogether but Alcibiades withstoode him and gate the better hande of him There was an orator called Demostratus who moued the people also that the captaines whom they had chosen for these warres might haue full power and authoritie to leauy men at their discretion and to make suche preparation as they thought good whereunto the people condescended and dyd authorise them But when they were euen readie to goe their waye many signes of ill successe lighted in the necke one of another and amongest the rest this was one That they were commaunded to take shippe on the daye of the celebration of the feast of Adonia on the which the custome is that women doe set vp in diuers placeâ— of the cittie in the middest of the streates images like to dead corses which they carie to buriall and they represent the mourning and lamentations made at the funeralles of the dead with blubbering and beating them selues in token of the sorowe the goddesse Venâ—â— made for the death of her friend Adonis Moreouer the Hermes which are the images of Mercurie and were wont to be set vp in euery lane and streete were found in a night all hacked and hewed and mangled specially in their faces but this put diuers in great feare and trouble yea euen those that made no accompt of suche toyes Whereupon it was alledged that it might be the CORINTHIANS that dyd it or procured that lewde acte to be done fauoring the SYRACVSANS who were their neere kynsemen and had bene the first fownders of them imagining vpon this ill token it might be a cause to breake of the enterprise and to make the people repent them that they had taken this warre in hande Neuertheles the people would not allow this excuse neither hearken to their wordes that sayed they should not reckon of any such signes or tokens and that they were but some light brained youthes that being â—ippled had played this shamefull parte in their brauerie or for sporte But for all these reasons they tooke these signes very greuously and were in deede not a litle afeard as thinking vndoutedly that no man durst haue bene so bolde to haue done suche an abhominable facte but that there was some conspiracie in the matter Hereupon they looked apon euery suspition and coniecture that might be how litle or vnlikely soeuer it were and that very seuerely and both Senate and people also met in counsell vpon it very ofte and in a fewe dayes Now whilestâ— they were busilie searching out the matter Androcles a common counseller and orator in the common wealth brought before the counsell certaine slaues and straungers that dwelt in ATHENS who deposed that Alcibiades and other of his friends and companions had hacked and mangled other images after that sorte and in a mockerie had counterfeated also in a banket that he made the ceremonies of the holy mysteries declaring these matters particularly How one Theodorus counterfeated the herauld that is wonte to make the proclamations Polytion the torche bearer and Alcibiades the priest who sheweth the holy signes and mysteries and that his other companions were the assistantes as those that make sute to be receyued into their religion and order and into the brotherhood of their holy mysteries whom for this cause they call â— Mystes These very wordes are written in the accusation Thessalus Cimons sonne made against Alcibiades charging him that he had wickedly mocked the two goddesses Ceres Proserpina Whereat the people being maruelously moued and offended and the orator Androcles his mortall enemie aggrauating stirring them vp the more against him Alcibiades a litle at the first beganne to be amased at it But afterwards hearing that the mariners which were prepared for the voyage of SICILIA and the souldiers also that were gathered dyd beare him great good will and specially how the ayde and that bande that came from ARGOS and Mantinea being a thousand footemen well armed and appointed dyd saye openly how it was for Alcibiades sake they dyd take vpon them so long a voyage beyond sea that if they went about to doe him any hurte or wrong they would presently returne home againe from whence they came he beganne to be of a good corage againe and determined with this good fauorable opportunitie of time to come before the counsell to aunswer to all suche articles and accusations as should be layed against him Thereupon his enemies were a litle cooled fearing least the people in this iudgement would haue shewed him more fauour bicause they stoode in nede of him Wherefore to preuent this daunger they had fed other Oratours who set a good face on the matter as they had bene Alcibiades friends and yet bare him no lesse good will then the ranckest enemies he had These fine fellowes rose vp in open assembly and sayed it was no reason that he that was now chosen one of the generalles of so mightie and puissant an armie being ready to hoyse sayle and the ayde also of their allies and friendes should be driuen to staye now and to lose time and occasion of well doing whilest they should goe about to choose iudges and appointe him his howres and time of aunswer Therefore they sayed it was fit he should take his iorney betimes and when warres were done that he should present him selfe to requier iustice and to purge him selfe of suche matters as should be obiected against him But Alcibiades smelling streight their fetche and perceyuing the practise of his staye stept vp and declared how they dyd him great wrong to make him departe with the charge of a generall of so great an armie his minde being troubled with continuall feare of so grieuous curses as he should leaue apon him and that he deserued death if he could not purge and iustifie him selfe of all the vniust and surmised accusations against him And if he had once clered him selfe of all thinges and had published his innocencie he should then haue nothing in his head to trouble him nor to thinke vpon but to goe on lustely to fight with his enemies and to cast behinde him the daunger of all his slaunderous detracters But all this could not persuade them And so he was presently commaunded in the behalfe of the people to imbarke shippe awaye his men Thus he was compelled to take the seas with his other companions hauing in their nauie about a hundred and forty gallyes all hauing three owers to a bancke fiue thousand one hundred footemen very well armed and appointed throwers with slingers archers
againe without any newe occasion or iust matter offered of complainte For they dyd grounde this seconde insurrection against the Nobilitie and Patricians apon the peoples miserie misfortune that could not but fall out by reason of the former discorde and sedition betweene them and the Nobilitie Bicause the most parte of the errable lande within the territorie of ROME was become heathie and barren for lacke of plowing for that they had no time nor meane to cause corne to be brought them out of other countries to sowe by reason of their warres which made the extreme dearth they had emōg them Now those busie pratlers that sought the peoples good will by suche flattering wordes perceyuing great scarsitie of corne to be within the cittie and though there had bene plenty enough yet the common people had no money to buye it they spread abroad false tales and rumours against the Nobilitie that they in reuenge of the people had practised and procured the extreme dearthe emong them Furthermore in the middest of this sturre there came ambassadours to ROME from the cittie of VELITRES that offered vp their cittie to the ROMAINES and prayed them they would send newe inhabitants to replenishe the same bicause the plague had bene so extreme among them had killed such a number of them as there was not left aliue the tenth persone of the people that had bene there before So the wise men of ROME beganne to thincke that the necessitie of the VELITRIANS sell out in a most happy hower and howe by this occasion it was very mete in so great a scarsitie of vittailes to disburden ROME of a great number of cittizens and by this meanes as well to take awaye this newe sedition and vtterly to ryd it out of the cittie as also to cleare the same of many mutinous and seditious persones being the superfluous ill humours that greuously fedde this disease Hereupon the Consuls prickt out all those by a bill whom they intended to sende to VELITRES to goe dwell there as in forme of a colonie and they leauied out of all the rest that remained in the cittie of ROME a great number to goe against the VOLSCES hoping by the meanes of forreine warre to pacifie their sedition at home Moreouer they imagined when the poore with the riche and the meane sorte with the nobilitie should by this deuise be abroad in the warres in one campe and in one seruice and in one like daunger that then they would be more quiet and louing together But Sicinius and Brutus two seditious Tribunes spake against either of these deuises and cried out apon the noble men that vnder the gentle name of a colonie they would cloke and culler the most cruell and vnnaturall facte as might be bicause they sent their poore cittizens into a sore infected cittie and pestilent ayer full of dead bodies vnburied and there also to dwell vnder the tuytion of a straunge god that had so cruelly persecuted his people This were said they euen as muche as if the Senate should hedlong cast downe the people into a most bottomles pyt And are not yet contented to haue famished some of the poore cittizens hertofore to death to put other of them euen to the mercie of the plague but a freshe they haue procured a voluntarie warre to the ende they would leaue behind no kynde of miserie and ill wherewith the poore syllie people should not be plagued and only bicause they are werie to serue the riche The common people being set on a broyle and brauerie with these wordes would not appeare when the Consuls called their names by a bill to prest them for the warres neither would they be sent out to this newe colonie in so muche as the Senate knewe not well what to saye or doe in the matter Martius then who was now growen to great credit and a stowte man besides and of great reputation with the noblest men of ROME rose vp and openly spake against these flattering Tribunes And for the replenishing of the cittie of VELITRES he dyd compell those that were chosen to goe thither and to departe the cittie apon great penalties to him that should disobey but to the warres the people by no meanes would be brought or constrained So Martius taking his friendes and followers with him and such as he could by sayer wordes intreate to goe with him dyd ronne certen forreyes into the dominion of the ANTIATES where he met with great plenty of corne and had a maruelous great spoyle aswell of cattell as of men he had taken prisoners whom he brought awaye with him and reserued nothing for him selfe Afterwardes hauing brought backe againe all his men that went out with him safe and sounde to ROME and euery man riche and loden with spoyle then the hometarriers and housedoues that kept ROME still beganne to repent them that it was not their happe to goe with him and so enuied both them that had sped so well in this iorney and also of malice to Martius they spited to see his credit and estimation increase still more and more bicause they accompted him to be a great hinderer of the people Shortely after this Martius stoode for the Consulshippe and the common people sauored his sute thinking it would be a shame to them to denie and refuse the chiefest noble man of bloude and most worthie persone of ROME and specially him that had done so great seruice and good to the common wealth For the custome of ROME was at that time that suche as dyd sue for any office should for certen dayes before be in the market place only with a poore gowne on their backes and without any coate vnderneath to praye the cittizens to remember them at the daye of election which was thus deuised either to moue the people the more by requesting them in suche meane apparell or els bicause they might shewe them their woundes they had gotten in the warres in the seruice of the cōmon wealth as manifest markes testimonie of their valliantnes Now it is not to be thought that the suters went thus lose in a simple gowne in the market place without any coate vnder it for feare and suspition of the common people for offices of dignitie in the cittie were not then geuen by fauour or corruption It was but of late time and long after this that buying and selling fell out in election of officers and that the voyces of the electours were bought for money But after corruption had once gotten waye into the election of offices it hath ronne from man to man euen to the very sentence of iudges and also emong captaines in the warres so as in the ende that only turned common wealthes into Kingdomes by making armes subiect to money Therefore me thinckes he had reason that sayed he that first made banckets and gaue money to the common people was the first that tooke awaye
went by water when he might haue gone by lande the thirde that he had bene Idle a whole day and had done nothing Also when he saw a vicious olde man he would say to reproue him O gray bearde age bringeth many deformities with it helpe it not besides with your vice And to a seditious Tribune of the people that was suspected to be a poysoner and would needes passe some wicked law by voyce of the people he woulde say o young man I know not which of these two be worse to drinke the drugges thou geuest or to receiue the lawes thou offerest An other time being reuiled by one that ledde a lewde and naughty life go thy way sayd he I am no man to scolde with thee For thou art so vsed to reuile and to be reuiled that it is not daynty to thee But for my selfe I neuer vse to heare scolding and much lesse delite to scolde These be his wise sayinges we finde written of him whereby we may the easilier coniecture his maners and nature Now when he was chosen Consull with his frend Valerius Flaccus the gouernment of SPAYNE fell to his lott that is on this side of the riuer of BAETIS So Cato hauinge subdued many people by force of armes and wonne others also by frendly meanes sodainly there came a maruelous great army of the barbarous people against him had enuironned him so as he was in maruelous daunger either shamefully to be taken prisonner or to be slaine in the fielde Wherefore he sent presently vnto the CELTIBERIANS to pray aide of them who were next neighbours vnto the marches where he was These CELTIBERIANS did aske him two hundred talentes to come help him but the ROMAINES that were about him coulde not abide to hyer the barbarous people to defende them Then Cato tolde them straight there was no hurt in it nor any dishonor vnto them For sayed he if the fielde be ours then we shall pay their wages we promised with the spoyle and money of our enemies and if we loose it then our selues and they lye by it beinge left neither man to pay nor yet any to aske it In the ende he wanne the battel after a sore conflict and after that time he hadde maruelous good fortune For Polybius wryteth that all the walles of the cities that were on this side the riuer of BAETIS were by his commaundement rased all in one day which were many and full of good souldiers Him selfe wryteth that he tooke moe cities in SPAYNE then he remained there dayes and it is no vaine boast if it be true that is written that there were foure hundred cities of thē Now though the souldiers vnder him had gotten well in this iorney and were riche yet he caused a pounde weight of siluer to be geuen to euery souldier besides sayinge he liked it better that many should returne home with siluer in their purses then a few of them with golde only But for him selfe he affirmed that of all the spoyle gotten of the enemies he neuer had any thinge sauinge that which he tooke in meate and drinke And yet sayth he I speake it not to reproue them that grow riche by such spoiles but bicause I woulde contende in vertue rather with the best then in money with the richest or in couetousnes with the most vertuous For not only he him selfe was cleare from bribes and extorcion but his officers also vnder him kept the same course In this Spanish iorney he had fiue of his seruauntes with him whereof one of them called Pauus bought three younge boyes that were taken in the warres when the spoile was solde to them that would geue most So Cato knew it But Pauus being afrayed to come neere his maister hong him selfe and then Cato solde the boyes againe and put the money made of them into the treasory chestes of sauing at ROME Now while Cato was in SPAYNE Scipio the great that was his enemy sought to hinder the course of his prosperitie and to haue the honor of conqueringe all the rest of SPAYNE he made all the frendes he could to the people to be chosen in Catoes place He was no sooner entred into his charge but he made all the possible spede he could to be gone that he might make Catoes authority ceasse the sooner Cato hearing of his hasty comminge tooke only fiue ensignes of footemen and fiue hundred horsemen to attende vpon him home with the which in his iorney homeward he ouercame a people in SPAYNE called the LACETANIANS and tooke sixe hundred traytors also that were fled from the ROMAINES campe to their enemies and did put to death euery mothers childe of them Scipio storming at that sayd Cato did him wrong But Cato to mocke him finely sayed it was the right way to bringe ROME to florish when noble borne citizens would not suffer meane borne men and vpstarts as him selfe was to go before them in honor and on the other side when meane borne men woulde contende in vertue with those that were of noblest race and farre aboue them in calling For all that when Cato came to ROME the Senate commaunded that nothing shoulde be chaunged nor altered otherwise then Cato had appointed it whilest he was in his office So that the gouernment for which Scipio made such earnest sute in SPAYNE was a greater disgrace vnto him then it was vnto Cato bicause he passed al his time office in peace hauing no occasion offered him to doe any notable seruice worthy memory Furthermore Cato after he had bene Consul and hadde graunted to him the honor to triumphe did not as many others doe that seeke not after vertue but onely for worldly honor and dignity Who when they haue bene called to the highest offices of state as to be Consulls and haue also graunted them the honor to triumphe do then leaue to deale any more in matters of state dispose them selues to liue merely and quietely at home and not to trouble them selues any more Now Cato farre otherwise behaued him selfe For he would neuer leaue to exercise vertue but beganne a freshe as if he had bene but a young nouesse in the world and as one greedy of honor and reputacion and to take as much paines and more then he did before For to pleasure his frends or any other citizen he would come to the market place and pleade their causes for them that required his counsell and go with his frendes also into the warres As he went with Tiberius Sempronius the Consul and was one of his Lieutenants at the conquest of the contry of THRACE and vnto the prouinces adioyning to the riuer of DANVBYE apon those marches After that he was in GREECE also Collonell of a thowsande footemen vnder Manius Aquilius against king Antiochus surnamed the great who made the ROMAINES as much afrayed of him as euer they were of enemy but Hanniball For when he had conquered all the regions
the flower of their age and we in the prime of our youth they would not haue sayed euery where that he was altogether inuincible as now at this present they doe but either he should haue left his body slaine herein battell or at the least wise haue bene driuen to flie and by his death or flyinge shoulde greatly haue enlarged the renowne and glory of ROME you plainly show it now that all these words spoken thē were but vaine arrogant vaunts of foolish pride Considering that you tremble for feare of the MOLOSSIANS CHAONIANS who were euer a pray to the MACEDONIANS and that ye are afrayed of Pyrrus also who all his life time serued and followed one of the gard vnto Alexander the great and nowe is come to make warres in these partes not to aide the GREECIANS inhabiting in ITALIE but to flie from his enemies there about his owne contry offering you to conquer all the rest of ITALIE with an army wherewith he was nothing able to kepe a small parte of MACEDON only for him selfe And therefore you must not perswade your selues that in making peace with him you shall thereby be rid of him but rather shall your draw others to come set apon you besides For they will vtterly despise you when they shal heare ye are so easily ouercome and that you haue suffered Pyrrus to escape your handes before you made him feele the iust reward of his bolde presumptuous attempt vpon you carying with him for a further hier this aduantage ouer you that he hath geuen a great occasion both to the SAMNITES and TARENTINES hereafter to mocke and deride you After that Appius had tolde this tale vnto the Senate euery one through the whole assembly desired rather warre then peace They dispatched Cineas away thereupon with this aunswere that if Pyrrus sought the ROMAINES frendshippe he must first departe out of ITALIE and then sende vnto them to treate of peace but so longe as he remained there with his army the ROMAINES would make warres vpon him with all the force and power they could make yea although he had ouerthrowen and slaine tenne thowsand such Captaines as Leuinus was They say that Cineas during the time of his abode at ROME intreating for this peace did curiously labor to consider and vnderstande the manners order and life of the ROMAINES and their common weale discoursing thereof with the chiefest men of the city and how afterwards he made ample reporte of the same vnto Pyrrus and tolde him amongest other thinges that the Senate appeared to him a counsell house of many kinges And furthermore for the number of people that he feared greatly they should fight against such a serpent as that which was in olde time in the marises of LERNE of which when they had cut of one heade seuen other came vp in the place bicause the Consull Leuinus had nowe leauied an other army twise as great as the first was and had left at ROME also many times as many good able men to cary armor After this there were sent Ambassadors from ROME vnto Pyrrus and amongest other Caius Fabricius touching the state of the prisoners Cineas tolde the kinge his master that this Fabritius was one of the greatest menne of accompt in all ROME a right honest man a good Captaine and a very valliant man of his handes yet poore in deede he was notwithstanding Pyrrus taking him secretly a side made very much of him and amongest other thinges offered him bothe golde and siluer prayinge him to take it not for any dishonest respect he ment towardes him but only for a pledge of the goodwill and frendshippe that should be betwene them Fabricius would none of his gift so Pyrrus left him for that time Notwithstanding the next morninge thinkinge to feare him bicause he had neuer seene elephant before Pyrrus commaunded his men that when they sawe Fabricius and him talkinge together they shoulde bringe one of his greatest elephantes and set him harde by them behinde a hanging which being done at a certaine signe by Pyrrus geuen sodainly the hanging was pulled backe and the elephant with his troncke was ouer Fabricius heade and gaue a terrible and fearefull crie Fabricius softely geuing backe nothing afrayed laughed and sayd to Pyrrus smiling neither did your golde oh king yesterday moue me nor your elephant to day feare me Furthermore whilest they were at supper fallinge in talke of diuerse matters specially touchinge the state of GREECE and the Philosophers there Cineas by chaunce spake of EPICVRVS and rehearsed the opinions of the EPICVRIANS touching the goddes and gouernment of the common wealth how they placed mans chiefe felicity in pleasure how they fled from all office publike charge as from a thing that hindereth the fruition of true felicity howe they maintained that the goddes were immortall neither moued with pity nor anger and led an idle life full of all pleasures and delightes without taking any regarde of mens doinges But as he still continued this discourse Fabricius cried out alowde and sayd the goddes graunt that Pyrrus and the SAMNITES were of such opinions as long as they had warres against vs Pyrrus marueling much at the constancy and magnanimity of this man was more desirous a great deale to haue peace with the ROMAINES then before And priuately prayed Fabricius very earnestly that he would treate for peace whereby he might afterwards come and remaine with him saying that he would giue him the chiefe place of honor about him amongest all his frendes Whereunto Fabricius aunswered him softly that were not good oh king for your selfe quod he for your men that presently doe honor and esteeme you be experience if they once knew me would rather choose me for their kinge then your selfe Such was Fabricius talke whose wordes Pyrrus tooke not in ill parte neither was offended with them at all as a tyran woulde haue bene but did him selfe reporte to his frendes and familiars the noble minde he founde in him and deliuered him apon his faith only all the ROMAINE prisoners to the ende that if the Senate would not agree vnto peace they might yet see their frendes and kepe the feast of Saturne with them and then to send them backe againe vnto him Which the Senate established by decree vpon paine of death to all such as should not performe the same accordingly Afterwardes Fabricius was chosen Consull and as he was in his campe there came a man to him that brought him a letter from kinge Pyrrus Phisitian wrytten with his owne handes in which the Phisitian offered to poyson his maister so he would promise him a good reward for ending the warres without further daunger Fabricius detestinge the wickednesse of the Phisitian and hauing made Q. AEmilius his colleague and fellowe Consull also to abhorre the same wrote a letter vnto Pyrrus and bad him take heede for there were that ment to poyson him The contentes of his
him not being aware passed by the house And it is reported that Marius him selfe conueyed Sylla safelie out at a backe dore and that he being scaped thus went vnto his campe Notwithstanding Sylla him selfe in his commentaries doth not say that he was saued in Marius house when he fled but that he was brought thither to geue his consent vnto a matter which Sulpitius woulde haue forced him vnto against his will presenting him naked swordes on euery side And he wryteth also that being thus forcibly brought vnto Marius house he was kept there in this feare vntill such time as returninge into the market place he was compelled to reuoke againe the adiornement of iustice which he and his companion by edict had commaunded This done Sulpitius then being the stronger caused the commision charge of this warres against Mithridates to be assigned vnto Marius by the voyce of the people Therfore Marius geuing order for his departure sent two of his Colonells before to take the army of Sylla who hauing wonne his souldiers harts before and stirred them vp against Marius brought them on with him directly towardes ROME being no lesse then fiue and thirty thowsand fighting men who setting apon the Captaines Marius had sent vnto them slewe them in the fielde In reuenge whereof Marius againe in ROME put many of Syllaes frendes and followers to death and proclaimed open liberty by sound of trompet to all slaues and bondmen that would take armes for him but there were neuer but three only that offered them selues Whereuppon hauing made a litle resistaunce vnto Sylla when he came into ROME he was soone after compelled to runne his way Marius was no sooner out of the citie but they that were in his company forsaking him dispersed them selues here and there being darke night and Marius him selfe got to a house of his in the contrie called Salonium and sent his sonne to one of his father in law Mutius farmes not farre from thence to make some prouision for vittells But Marius in the meane time went before to OSTIA where one of his frendes Numerius had prepared him a shippe in the which he imbarked immediatly not tarying for his sonne and hoised saile hauing only Granius his wiues sonne with him In the meane time the younger Marius beinge at his father in law Mutius farme stayed so long in getting of prouision in trussing of it vp and carying it away that broade day light had like to haue discouered him for the enemies had aduertisement whether he was gone whereupon certaine horsemen were sent thither supposing to haue found him But the keeper of the house hauing an inckling of their comminge and preuenting them also before they came sodainely yoked his oxen to the carte which he loded with beanes and hidde this younger Marius vnder the same And prickinge the oxen forward with his goade set out and met them as he went towards the city and deliuered Marius in this sorte into his wiues house and there taking such thinges as he needed when the night following came went towards the sea tooke shippe finding one crosse sayled bound towards AFRICKE Marius the father saylinge on still had a very good winde to poynte alongest the coast of ITALIE notwithstanding being afrayed of one Geminius a chiefe man of TERRACINE who hated him to the death he gaue the maryners warning thereof betimes and willed them to take heede of landing at TERRACINE The maryners were very willing to obey him but the winde stoode full against them comming from the mayne which raised a great storme and they feared much that their vessell which was but a bote would not brooke the seas besides that he him selfe was very sicke in his stomake and sore sea beaten notwithstanding at the length with the greatest difficulty that might be they recouered the coast euer against the city of CIRCEES In the meane time the storme increased still and their vitells failed them whereupon they were compelled to land and went wandring vp downe not knowinge what to doe nor what way to take But as it falleth our commonly in such like cases of extremitie they thought it alwayes the best safetie for them to flie from the place where they were and to hope of that which they saw not for if the sea were their enemy the lande was so likewise To meete with men they were afrayed and not to meete with them on thother side lacking vtittells was in deede the greater daunger Neuertheless in the end they met with heard men that could geue them nothing to eate but knowing Marius warned him to get him out of the way as soone as he could possible bicause it was not longe since that there passed by a great troupe of horsemē that sought him all about And thus being brought vnto such perplexity that he knew not where to bestowe him selfe and specially for that the poore men he had in his company were almost starued for hunger he got out of the high way notwithstanding and sought out a very thicke wodde where he passed all that night in great sorow and the next morninge beinge compelled by necessity determined yet to employ his body before all his strength failed Thus he wandered on alongest the sea coast still comforting them that followed him the best he could praying them not to dispayre but to refene them selues to him euen vntil the last hope trusting in certaine prophecies which the Soothsayers had told him of long time before For when he was but very young and dwelling in the contry he gathered vp in the lappe of his gowne the ayrie of an Eagle in the which were seuen young Eagles whereat his father and mother much wondering asked the Soothsayers what that ment They answered that their sonne one day should be one of the greatest men in the world and that out of doubt he should obtaine seuen times in his life the chiefest office of dignity in his contry And for that matter it is sayd that so in dede it came to passe Other hold opinion that such as were about Marius at that time in that present place and else where during the time of his flying they hearing him tell this tale beleued it and afterwardes put it downe in wrytinge as a true thinge although of trothe it is bothe false and fayned For they say that the Eagle neuer getteth but two younge ones by reason whereof it is mayntayned also that the Poet Musaeus hathe lyed in that which he hathe wrytten in these verses The Eagle layes three egges and tvvo she hatcheth forth But yet she bringeth vp but one that any thing is vvorth Howsoeuer it was it is certaine that Marius many times during the time of his flying sayd that he was assured he should come vnto the seuenth Consulship When they were comen neere now to the city of MINTVRNES about a two myle a halfe frō it they might perceiue a troupe of horsemen comming by the
made reckening of Leotychides and had openly shewed it all the rest of his life time that he did not acknowledge him for his sonne vntill such time as falling sicke of that disease whereof he died he was caried to the city of HERAEA And there lying in his death bed at the humble sute of Leotychides himselfe and partely at the instant request of his frendes who were importunate with him he did acknowledge Leotychides for his sonne in the presence of diuers whome he prayed to be witnesses vnto the Lordes of LACEDAEMON of his acceptation and acknowledging of him to be his sonne Which they all did in fauor of Leotychides For all that Agesilaus tooke it apon him by the support and maintenaunce of Lysanders fauor Howebeit Diopithes a wise man and knowen to be skilfull in auncient prophecies did great hurt to Agesilaus side by an auncient oracle which he alleaged against a defect Agesilaus had which was his lamenes O Spartan people you vvhich beare high havvty hartes And looke a loft take heede I say looke vvell vnto your martes Least vvhiles you stande vpright and guide your state by grace Some halting kingdom priuily come creeping in a pace By that meanes might you moue great troubles carke and care And mischiefes heape vpon your head before you be avvare And plonged should you be euen ouer head and eares VVith vvast of vvarres vvhich here on earth doth perish many teares Many by occasion of this oracle fell to take Leotychides parte but Lysander declared vnto them that Diopithes did not conster the meaning of the oracle well For God sayed he cared not whether he halted of one legge or no that should come to be king of LACEDAEMON but in deede the crowne and kingdome should halte and be lame if bastardes not lawfully begotten should come to raigne ouer the true naturall issue and right line of Hercules By these perswasions Lysander with his great countenaunce and authority besides wanne all men to his opinion so that Agesilaus by this meanes was proclaimed king of LACEDAEMON This done Lysander beganne straight to counsell him to make warres in ASIA putting him in hope that he should destroy the kingdome of PERSIA and should come to be the greatest man of the world Moreouer he wrote vnto his frendes in the cities of ASIA that they should send vnto the LACEDAEMONIANS to require king Agesilaus for their generall to make warres against the barbarous people Which they did and sent Ambassadors purposely vnto SPARTA to sue that they might haue him the which was no lesse honor procured vnto Agesilaus by Lysanders meanes then that he did in making him to be chosen king But men ambitious by nature being otherwise not vnapt nor vnfit to commaunde haue this imperfection that through the iealousie of glory they doe commonlie enuie their equalles the which doth greatly hinder them for doing any notable thinges For they take them for their enemies enuying their vertue whose seruice and meanes might helpe them to doe great matters Thus Agesilaus being chosen generall of this enterprise tooke Lysander with him in this iorney amongest the thirty counsellers which were geuen vnto him to assist him and made speciall choyce of him as by whose counsell he hoped most to be gouerned and to haue him neerest about him as his chiefest frende But when they were arriued in ASIA they of the contry hauing no acquaintaunce with Agesilaus seldome spake with him or but litle and to the contrary hauing knowen Lysander of long time they followed him and waited vppon him to his tent or lodging some to honor him bicause they were his frendes others for feare bicause they did mistrust him Euen much like as it falleth out oftentimes in the Theaters when they play tragedies there that he that shall play the person of some messenger or seruaunt shal be the best player and shall haue the best voyce to be heard aboue all others and to the contrary that he which hath the royall bande about his heade and the scepter in his hande a man doth scant heare him speake Euen so fell it out then for all the dignitie due vnto him that commaundeth all was shewed only vnto the counseller and there remained to the king no more but the royall name only of a king without any power Therefore me thinkes that this vndiscreete and importunate ambition of Lysander did well deserue reproofe perhappes to make him only to be cōtented with the second place of honor next vnto the king But for Agesilaus againe through extreame couetousnes and iealousie of glory to cast Lysander altogether of and to set so light by his frende and benefactor that surely became not him neither For first of all Agesilaus neuer gaue Lysander occasion to doe any thinge neither did commit any matter of weight vnto him that might be honorable for him but which is worst of all if he perceiued that he had taken any mens causes in hand and that he did fauor them he did alwayes sende them backe againe into their contry denying their sute without that they coulde obtaine any thing they sued for lesse then the meanest persones that could haue come extinguishing Lysanders credit by litle and litle and taking from him all authority by this meanes Wherefore Lysander perceiuing howe he was thus refused and reiected in all thinges seing that the countenaunce and fauor which he thought to shew vnto his frends fell out hurtfull vnto them left of to solicite their matters any more and prayed them to forbeare to come vnto him or to followe him but to go to the king and vnto those that could doe them better pleasure then him selfe and specially those that honored them When they heard that many desisted to trouble him any more in matters of importaunce but not to doe him all the honor they could and continued still to accompanie him when he went out to walke or otherwise to exercise him selfe the which did aggrauate and increase Agesilaus anger more against him for the enuy he bare vnto his glory And where he gaue very honorable charge commission in the warres oftentimes vnto very meane souldiers to execute or cities to gouerne he appointed Lysander surueyor generall of all the ordinary prouision of vittells and distributer of flesh And then mocking the IONIANS that did honor him so much let them go now sayd he and honor my flesh distributer Wherefore Lysander seeing it high time to speake went vnto Agesilaus and tolde him in few wordes after the LACONIAN manner Truely Agesilaus thou hast learned well to abase thy frendes In deede sayed he againe so haue I when they wil be greater then my selfe and to the contrary they that maintaine and increase my honor and authority it is reason that I esteeme of them Yea mary sayd Lysander but perhappes I haue not done as though sayst Yet I pray thee geue me such an office as I may be least hated most
whom Sylla made free according to his promise past by publike edict but when he had made him free he caused him to be throwen downe headlong from the rocke Tarpeian And nor contented with this he proclaimed by promise a great summe of money to him that would kill Marius A very ingrate and vs thankefull parte consideringe that Marius not many dayes before hauinge Sylla in his owne house in his handes and custody deliuered him from perill and set him in safety Which if at that time he had not done but had suffered Suspitiâ—â— tiy haue slaine him him selfe had Beâ—â— soueraine Lord of the whole without all contradiction and might haue ruled all things at his owne will and pleasure But Sylla shortly after vpon the like aduantage vsed no such manner of requitall or gratuitie towardes him which bred a secret misliking emongest the Senate howebeit the common people made open shewe of the euill will they bare vnto Sylla by reiecting one Nonius his neuiew and one Seruius who vppon confidence of his fauor presented them selues to sue for certaine offices And besides the shame of this refusall to spyte him the more they chose others in their steedes whose honor and preferrement they right well knew that Sylla would not onely mislike but be much offended withall Howbeit he wisely dissembling the matter seemed to be very glad saying that by his meanes the people of ROME enioyed a full persit liberty that in such cases of election they might freely do what theÌ„ selues lifted And to mitigate somwhat the peoples euill will towards him he determined to choose Lucius Cinna Consull who was of a contrary faction to him hauing first bounde him by solemne othe and curse to fauor his doings whole procedings Whereupon Cinna went vp to the Capitoll and there holding a stone in his hand did solemnly sweare and promise that he would be Syllaes faithfull frende beseeching the goddes if he did the contrary that he might be throwen out of ROME euen as he threw that stone out of his hand and with those words threw it to the ground before many people But notwithstanding all these curses Cinna was no sooner entred into his Consulshippe but presently he beganne to chaunge and alter all For amongest other thinges he would needes haue Sylla accused and procured Verginius one of the Tribunes of the people to be his accuser But Sylla left him with his iudges went to make warres against Mithridates And it is said that about the time that Sylla tooke shippe and departed out of ITALIE there fortuned many tokens and warninges of the goddes vnto kinge Mithridates who was at that present in the city of PERGAMVM As amongest others that the PARGAMENIANS to honor Mithridates withall hauing made an image of victory carying a garland of triuÌ„phe in her hand which was let downe from aloft with engines so soone as she was ready to put the garland vpon his head the image brake and the crowne fell to the grounde in the middest of the Theater and burst all to peeces Whereby all the people that were present were striken with a maruelous feare and Mithridates him selfe beganne to mislike this euill lucke although all things at that time fell out more fortunately then he looked for For he had taken ASIA from the ROMAINES and BITHYNIA and CAPPADOCIA from the kinges which he had driuen out and at that time remained in the city of PERGAMVM to deuide the riches and great territories among his frendes As touching his sonnes the eldest was in the realme of PONTVS and of BOSPHORVS which he inherited from his predicessors euen vnto the desertes beyonde the marisses of Maeotides without trouble or molestation of any man The other also Ariarathes was with a great army in conquering of THRACIA and MACEDON His Captaines and Lieutenauntes moreouer did many notable conquestes in diuers places with a great power amongest the which Archelaus being Lord and master of all the sea for the great number of shippes he had conquered the Iles CYCLADES and all those beyond the hed of Malea and specially amongest others the I le of EVBOEA And beginning at the city of ATHENS had made all the nations of GREECE to rebell euen vnto THESSALIE sauing that he receiued some losse by the city of CHAERONEA Where Brutius Sura one of the Lieutenauntes of Sentius gouernor of MACEDON a man of great wisedome and valliantnes came against him and stayed him for goinge any further ouerrunning the whole contry of BOâ—TIA like a furious raging riuer And setting vpon Archelaus by the city of CHAERONEA ouerthrewe him in three seuerall battells repulsed and inforce him to take the seaes againe But as Brutius was following him in chase Lucius Lucullies sent him commaundement to geue place vnto Sylla to follow those warres against Mithridates according to the charge and commission in that behalfe geuen him Whereupon Brutius Sura went out of the contry of BOâ—OTIA and returned towardes his generall Sentius notwithstandinge his affaires prospered better then he could haue wished and that all GREECE were very willing to reuolt for the reputacion of his wisedom and goodnes Howbeit the thinges that we before haue spoken of were the most notable matters that Brutius did in those partes Sylla now vpon his arriuall recouered immediatly all the other cities of GREECE who being aduertised of his comming sent presently to pray him to come to their aide the city of ATHENS onely excepted which was compelled by the tyran Aristion to take parte with Mithridates Sylla thereupon with all his power went thither besieged the hauen of Piraea rounde causing it to be battered and assâ—â—â—ted on euery side with all sortes of engines and instrumentes of battery whereas if he could haue had pacience but a litle lenger he might haue had the high towne by famine without purting him selfe in any manner of daunger the same being brought to such extreame death and scarsity of all kinde of vittells But the hast that he made to returne againe to ROME set feare of the new chaunge which he heard of daily from thence compelled him to hazzard this warre in that sorte with great daunger many battells and infinite charge consideringe also that besides all other prouision and furniture he had twenty thowsand mules and mulets laâ—â—ring dayly to furnishe his engines of batterie And when all other woode fayled him bicause his engines were oftentimes marred after they were made some breaking of them selues by reason of their waight others consumed with fire throwen from the enemies at the length he fell to the holy wood and cut downe the trees of the Academia being better stored and furnished theÌ„ any other parke of pleasure in all the suburbes of the city seld downe also the â—od of the parke Lycaeum And standing in neede of a great summe of money to entertaine this warres withall he delt also with the holyest temples of all GREECE causing theÌ„
or if he could not he would kill him selfe with his owne handes Vpon this promise Sylla sent him away and in the meane while entred with his armie into the contrie of MEDICA and after he had destroyed the most parte thereof returned backe againe into MACEDON where Archelaus â—â—ing returned from Mithridates founde him neere vnto the city of PHILIPPES bringing him newes that all should be well howebeit that his master Mithridates prayed him he might speake with him in any case Now the matter that made Mithridates so earnest to speake with Sylla was chiefely for Fimbria who hauing slaine Flaccus the Consull being of the contrast faction vnto Sylla and certaine of Mithridates Lieutenauntes also went him selfe against him to fight with him Mithridates fearing his comming chose rather to make him selfe Sylla frend So Mithridates and Sylla met together in the contry of TROADE in the city of DARDANE Mithridates being accompanied with a fleete of two hundred saile of shippes with oâ—â— at sea with twenty thowsand footemeâ—â— and thowsande horse and a number of armed abroad with sythes besides by land Sylla hauing onely but foure ensignes of footemen and two hundred horsemen Mithridates went to Sylla and offering to take him by the hand Sylla asked him first if he did accept the peace with the condicions which Archelaus had agreed â—nd Mithridates made him no aunswere Sylla following on his tale sayd vnto him It is for soters to speake first that haue request to make for before conquerors it is enough to hold their peace and hease what they will say Then began Mithridates to excuse him selfe and so lay the conâ—â—sion of the warre partly vpon the ordinaunce of the goddes that so had appointed it partly also vppon the ROMANES them selues Whereunto Sylla replyed that he had heard of long time that Mithridates was an eloquent Prince and that he knew it now by experience seeing that he lacked no comely words to cloke his fowle and shamefull dedes but withall he sharply reproued him and draue him to confesse the cruelties he had committed And afterwardes asked him againe if he did confirme that which Archelaus had done Mithridates made aunswer that he did Then Sylla saluted embraced and kissed him and calling for the kinges Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes reconciled them together and made Mithridates their frende againe In conclusion after Mithridates had deliuered Sylla three score and tenne gallies and fiue hundred bow men he returned by sea into his realme of PONTVS But Sylla hearing that his souldiers were angrie with this peace made with Mithridates bicause they could not abide to behold that king whom they accompted for their most cruell and mortall enemy hauing in one selfe day caused a hundred and fifty thowsand ROMANE citizens to be slaine that were dispersed abroade in diuers places of ASIA so to departe and go his way safe with the riches and spoyles of the contry which he had bereft them of and vsed at his pleasure the space of forty yeares together aunswered them in excuse of him selfe that he was not able to make warres with Mithridates Fimbria both if once they were ioyned together against him And so Sylla departing thence went against Fimbria who then was encamped neere to the city of THYATIRA and lodged him selfe as neere vnto him as he conueniently might Nowe whilest he was compassing in his lodging with a trench Fimbriaes souldiers came out of their campe in their coates without any armor or weapon to salute Syllaes souldiers and holpe them very frendly to make vp their trenche Which Fimbria seeing and perceiuing his souldiers mindes so chaunged of an extreame feare which he had of Sylla at whose handes he looked for no mercy killed him selfe in his owne campe Sylla hereuppon condemned the whole contry of ASIA the lesse to pay the summe of twenty thowsand talentes amongest them and presently also he vndid many poore householders through his insolent souldiers lying long vpon their charge which he left in garrison there For he ordained that euery householder should geue the souldier that lodged in his house foure Tetradrachmas a day should be bound to geue him and his frendes as many as he would bring with him their supper also and that euery Captaine should haue fifty Drachmas a day a night gowne for the house and a garment to goe abroade into the city when he thought good When he had geuen this order he departed from the city of EPHESVS with all his fleete and in three dayes sayling arriued in the hauen of Piraea at ATHENS where he was receiued into the fraternity of the mysteries and reserued for him selfe the librarie of Apellicon Teian in the which were the most parte of Aristotle and Theophrastus workes not then thought meete to come in euery mans handes And they say that this librarie being brought to ROME Tyrannion the grammarian founde the meanes to extract a great parte of them and that Andronicus the RHODIAN hauing recouered the originalls into his hands put them in printe and wrote the summaries which we haue at this present For the auncient Peripateticke Philosophers were of them selues very wise and learned men but they had not all Aristotles workes nor Theophrastus amongest them and yet those fewe they had were not by them seene all whole and perfect together bicause that the goodes of Neleus SCEPSIAN to whom Theophrastus left all his bookes by will came to fall into the hands of meane ignorant men who knew not the vertue and estimacion of them And furthermore Sylla being at ATHENS had such a paine and numnesse in his legges and was so heauy withall that Strabo calleth it a spice of the gowte that is to say a feeling or entring therinto which then beganne to roote and take hold of him Vpon which occasion he tooke the seaes went vnto a place called ADIPSVM where there are naturall hotte bathes and there remained a while solacing him selfe all the day long with musicke seeing of playes and entertaining such kinde of people Vpon a day as he was walking by the sea side certaine fisher men made him a present of fish which pleased him maruelous well demaunding of theÌ„ whence they were they aunswered him againe that they were of the city of ALES What of ALES sayd he is there any of them yet left aliue speaking it bicause that after the battell of ORCHOMENE when he followed the chase of his enemies he had taken and destroyed three cities of BOEOTIA all at one selfe time to wit ANTHEDON LARYMNA and ALES The poore fisher men were so amazed with his wordes that they stoode still and could not tell what to say Sylla fell a laughing thereat bad them go their wayes a gods name and be not affrayed for they brought no small intercessors with them which were worth the reckening of When Sylla had geuen them these wordes the ALLEIANS went home with a
that he shewed him specially fauor to saue his life But his host aunswered him stowtly againe that he would not be beholding vnto him for his life seeing he had slaine all the reâ—t of his contry men and so thrusting in amongest the citizens was willingly slaine with them They thought the act of Lucius Catiline also very straunge who had slaine his owne brother before the ciuill warre was ended and then prayed Sylla to put him in the number of the outlawes as if his brother had bene aliue Sylla performed his desire Catiline thereuppon to shewe his thankefulnesse for the pleasure Sylla had done him went presently and slue Marem Marius who was of the contrary faction and brought him his head for a present before all the people in the middest of the market place where he was sitting When he had so done be went and washed his handes all bloodied in the hollowed font of the temple of Apollo that was hard by But besides so many murders coÌ„mitted yet were there other things also that grieued the people maruelously For the proclaimed him selfe Dictator which office had not bene of six score yeares before in vse and made the Senate discharge him of all that was past geuing him free liberty afterwardes to kill whom he would and to confiscate their goodes to destroy cities and to build vp new as he listed to take away kingdomes and to geue them where he thought good And furthermore he openly sold the goodes confiscate by the crier sitting so prowdly and stately in his chayer of state that it grieued the people more to see those goodes packt vp by them to whome he gaue and disposed them then to see them taken from those that had forfeited them For somtimes he would geue a whole contry or the whole reuenues of certaine cities vnto women for their beawty or vnto pleasaunt ieasters minstrells or wicked slaues made free and vnto some he would geue other mens wiues by force and make them to be maried against their willes For he desiring howesoeuer it happened to make alliance with Pompey the great coÌ„maunded him to put away his wife he had maried and taking AEmylia the daughter of AEmylius Scaurus of Metella his wife from the great Glabrio caused him to mary her great with childe as she was by Glabrio but she dyed in childbed in Pompeyis house Lucretius Offella also that had brought Marius the younger to that distresse at the city of PRAENESTE suing to be Consull Sylla commaunded him to cease his But he notwithstandinge that expresse commaundement went one day into the market place with great traine of men following him that fauored his cause Whither Sylla sent one of his Centurions that slue Offella before all the people him selfe sitting in a chayer of estate in the temple of Castor and Pollux and seeing from aboue the murder done The people that were about Offella layed hold of the murderer straight brought him before Sylla But Sylla bad them be quiet that brought the Centurion with tumult and that they should let him goe bicause he commaunded him to do it Furthermore as touching his triumphe it was a sumptuous sight to behold for the rarenes of the riches and princely spoyles which were shewed at the same But yet was it so much the better set out and worth the sight to see the banished ROMANES who were the chiefest noble men of all the city of ROME following his charet triumphant wearing garlandes of flowers on their heades calling Sylla their father and sauior bicause that by his meanes they returned to their contry and recouered their goods waiues and children In the end of his triumphe he made an oration in open assembly of the people of ROME in the which he did not only declare vnto theÌ„ according to the custome what thinges he had done but did as carefully tell them also as well of his good fortune and successe as of his valliant deedes besides and to conclude his oration told them that by reason of the great â—auor fortune had shewed him he would from thenceforth be called by theÌ„ Felix to say happy or fortunate And he him selfe when he wrote vnto the GREECIANS or that he had any thing to do with them surnamed him selfe Epaphroditus as who would say a pleasaunt man beloued and fauored of Venus His tokens of triumphe which are yet in our contry haue this superscription Lucius Cornelius Sylla Epaphroditus And when his wife Metella had brought him two twinnes a sonne and a daughter he named his sonne Faustus signifying fortunate and his daughter Fausta bicause the ROMANES call Faustum that which falleth out prosperously and happely To be short he trusted so much vnto his good fortune and doinges that notwithstanding he had killed and put so many men to death and had made so great a chauÌ„ge and innouation in the common wealth yet of him selfe he left of his office of Dictator and restored the people to the authority of election of Consulls againe without his presence at the election and frequented the market place as a priuate man among the citizens offering him selfe to euery man that would aske him accompt of his doings past It happened that a stowt and rash enemy of his was Chosen Consull against his will called Marcus Lepidus not for any deuotion the people had to Lepidus but onely to gratifie Pompey who gaue countenaunce and fauor vnto him Sylla seeing Pompey come mery homewardes from the election and ioyfull that he had obtained his frendes sute from all other suters tooke him a side told him In deede thou hast great cause to reioyce young man my frende for thou hast done a goodly acte to choose Marcus Lepidus Consull the veriest asse in all ROME before Catulus the honestest man But I tell thee one thing thou haddest not nede to sleepe for thou hast strengthened an enemy that will be thine owne destruction And Sylla proued a true prophet for Lepides being bent to all cruelty immediatly after flatly fell at defiaunce with Pompey Now Sylla consecratinge the dismes of all his goodes vnto Hercules made exceeding sumptuous feastes vnto the ROMANES the prouision whereof was so vnreasonable great that euery day they threwe a great deale of meate into the riuer and they dranke wine of forty yeares olde and aboue During these feastes which continued many dayes his wife Metella sickened and dyed and in her sickenes the Priestes and Soothsayers willed Sylla he should not come neere her nor suffer his house to be polluted and defiled with mourning for the dead Whereupon Sylla was diuorsed from her in her sickenes and caused her to be caried into an other house whilest she liued And thus did Sylla curiously obserue the supersticion and ordinaunce of the Soothsayers but yet he brake the law which he made him selfe touching the order of funeralls sparinge no cost at Metellaes buriall So did he also breake an other
elbow defending of Domitius Pompey and Crassius being become Consuls after this sorte they ordered them selues nothing the more temperately not honestly For first of all the people being about to choose Cato Praetor Pompey being at thassembly of the election perceyuing that they would choose him brake vp the assembly falsely alleaging that he had noted certaine ill signes and afterwardes the tribes of the people being bribed and corrupted with money they chose Antias and Vatinius Praetors Afterthat by Trebonius tribune of the people they published edicts authorising Caesars charge for fiue yeares lenger according to the appointment they had made with Caesar. Vnto Crassus also they had appointed SYRIA and the warre against the PARTHIANS Vnto Pompey in like case all AFRICKE and both SPAYNES with foure Legions besides of the which at Caesars desire he lent him two legions to help him in his warre in GAVLE These thinges done Crassus departed to his Prouince at the going out of his Consulship and Pompey remayned at ROME about the dedicating of his Theater where he caused many goodly playes to be made both for exercise of person as also for learning and musicke and caused wilde beastes also to be baited and hunted and killed a fiue hundred lions But of all thinges there was no such fearefull sight and terrible fight as was betwene the elephantes This great charge and bowntifull expence defrayed by Pompey to shew the people pastime and pleasures made him againe to be very much esteemed of and beloued amongest the people But on thother side he wanne him selfe as much ill will and enuy in committing the gouernment of his Prouinces and Legions into the handes of his Lieutenants whilest he him selfe romed vp and downe the pleasaunt places of ITALY with his wife at his pleasure either by cause he was farre in loue with her or els for that she loued him so dearely that he could not finde in his harte to leaue her companie It was reported of her being knowen of many that this young lady Iulia loued her housband more dearely not for Pompeys florishing age but for his assured continencie knowing no other woman but her besides also he was no solemne man but pleasaunt of conuersation which made women loue him maruelously vnles we will reproue the curtisan Floraes false testimonie It is certaine that at an election of the AEdiles men rising sodainely in hurly burly drew their swordes and many were slaine about Pompey insomuch as his clothes being bloudyed he sent his men home in haste to fetche him other to chaunge him His young wife that was great with child seeing his clothes bloudie tooke such a flight vpon it that she fell downe in a sownde before them and they had much a doe to recouer her and yet she fell straight in labor apon it and was deliuered So that they themselues which blamed him most for his good will he bare vnto Caesar could not reproue the loue he bare vnto his wife An other time after that she was great with child againe whereof she died and the childe liued not many dayes after the mother As Pompey was about to carie her into the contrie to be buried to a house he had there neere vnto the citie of ALBA the people by force tooke her corse caried it into the field of Mars more for the pitie they tooke of the young Ladie then to pleasure either Caesar or Pompeys and yet what the people did for them it appeared rather they did it more for Caesars sake being absent them for Pompey that was present But straight when this alliāce was broken which rather couered then bridled their ambitious desire to rule there rose a new sturre in ROME immediatly and euery mans month was full of prittle prattle and seditious wordes Not longe after that also came newes that Crassus was ouerthrowen and slaine in PARTHIA who was a manifest staye and let to kepe them two from ciuill warres for that they both feared him therefore kept them selues in a reasonable sorte together But when fortune had taken awaie this third champion who could haue withstood the better of them both that had ouercome the other then might haue bene said of these two which remained as the comycall Poet said See hovv these Champions purposing eche others force to trie VVith nointed skin and dusty hands stand vaunting valliantly So litle can fortune preuaile against nature hauing no power to stoppe couetousnes fith so large and great an Empire and such a wide contrie besides could not containe the couetous desire of these two men But though they had often both heard and read Among the gods them selues all things by lot diuided are And none of them intrudes him selfe vvithin his neigbours share Yet they thought not that the Empire of ROME was enough for them which were but two But Pompey spake openly in an oration he made vnto the people that he euer came to office before he looked for it and also left it sooner then they thought he would haue done that he witnessed by discharging his armie so soone Then thinking that Caesar would not discharge his armie he sought to make him selfe strong against him by procuring offices of the citie without any other alteracion Neither would he seeme to mistrust him but he plainely shewed that he did despise and contemne him But when he sawe that he could not obtaine the offices of the citie as he would bicause the citizens that made the elections were bribed with money he then left it without a magistrate so that there was none either to commaund or that the people should obey Hereupon there ranne a brute straight that there must nedes be a Dictator made and the first man that propounded it was Lucilius tribune of the people who perswaded them to choose Pompey But Cato stucke so stowtely against it that the Tribune had like to haue lost his office euen in the market place But then many of Pompeys frendes stepped vp and excused him saying that he neither sought nor would haue the Dictatorship Then Cato commended him much and praying him to see good order kept in the common wealth Pompey being ashamed to denie so reasonable a request was carefull of it Thereupon two Consuls were chosen Domitius and Messala but afterwardes when the state beganne to chaunge againe by the death of one of the Consuls and that diuers were more earnestly bent to haue a Dictator than before Cato fearing it would breake out with furie determined to geue Pompey some office of reasonable authoritie to kepe him from the other more tyrannicall Insomuch Bibulus him selfe being chiefe of the Senate and Pompeys ennemie was the first that moued Pompey might be chosen Consul alone for said he by this meanes either the common wealth shal be ridde of the present trouble or els it shal be in bondage to an honest man This opinion was maruelled at in respect of him that spake it Whereupon
of my selfe Therefore when he was come into SPAYNE he was very carefull of his busines and had in few dayes ioyned ten new ensignes more of footemen vnto the other twenty which he had before Then marching forward against the CALLAECIANS and LVSITANIANS he conquered all went as farre as the great sea Oceanum subduing all the people which before knew not the ROMANES for their Lordes There he tooke order for pacifying of the warre and did as wisely take order for the establishing of peace For he did reconcile the cities together and made them frendes one with an other but specially he pacified all sutes of law strife betwext the detters and creditors which grewe by reason of vserie For he ordained that the creditors shoulde take yearely two partes of the reuenue of their detters vntill such time as they had payed them selues and that the detters should haue the third parte to them selues to liue withall He hauing wonne great estimacion by this good order taken returned from his gouernment very riche and his souldiers also full of rich spoyles who called him Imperator to say soueraine Captaine Nowe the ROMANES hauing a custome that such as demaunded honor of triumphe should remaine a while without the city and that they on thother side which sued for the Consulship should of necessitie be there in person Caesar comming vnhappely at that very time when the Consuls were chosen he sent to pray the Senate to do him that fauor that being absent he might by his frendes sue for the Consulshippe Cato at the first did vehemently inuey against it vowching an expresse law forbidding the contrarie But afterwards perceiuing that notwithstanding the reasons he alleaged many of the Senators being wonne by Caesar fauored his request yet he cunningly sought all he could to preuent them prolonging time dilating his oration vntill night Caesar thereupon determined rather to geue ouer the sute of his triumphe and to make sute for the Consulshippe and so came into the citie and had such a deuise with him as went beyond them all but Cato only His deuise was this Pompey and Crassus two of the greatest personages of the city of ROME being at iarre together Caesar made them frends and by that meanes got vnto him selfe the power of them both for by colour of that gentle acte and frendshippe of his he subtilly vnwares to them all did greatly alter and chaunge the state of the common wealth For it was not the priuate discord betwene Pompey and Caesar as many men thought that caused the ciuill warre but rather it was their agreement together who ioyned all their powers first to ouerthrowe the state of the Senate and nobilitie and afterwardes they fell at iarre one with an other But Cato that then foresaw and prophecied many times what woulde followe was taken but for a vaine man but afterwardes they found him a wiser man then happie in his counsell Thus Caesar being brought vnto the assemblie of the election in the middest of these two noble persons whom he had before reconciled together he was there chosen Consull with Calphurnius Bibulus without gaine saying or contradiction of any man Now when he was entred into his office he beganne to put foorth lawes meeter for a seditious Tribune of the people than for a Consull bicause by them he preferred the diuision of landes and distributing of corne to euerie citizen Gratis to please them withall But when the noble men of the Senate were against his deuise he desiring no better occasion beganne to crie out and to protest that by the ouerhardnesse and austeritie of the Senate they draue him against his will to leane vnto the people and thereupon hauing Crassus on th one side of him and Pompey on thother he asked them openly in thassemblie if they did geue their consent vnto the lawes which he had put forth They both aunswered they did Then he prayed them to stande by him against those that threatned him with force of sworde to let him Crassus gaue him his worde he would Pompey also did the like and added thereunto that he would come with his sword and target both against them that would withstand him with their swords These wordes offended much the Senate being farre vnmeete for his grauetie and vndecent for the maiestie and honor he caried and most of all vncomely for the presence of the Senate whome he should haue reuerenced and were speaches fitter for a rash light headed youth than for his person Howbeit the common people on thother side they reioyced Then Caesar bicause he would be more assured of Pompeis power and frendshippe he gaue him his daughter Iulia in mariage which was made sure before vnto Seruilius Caepio and promised him in exchaunge Pompeis wife the which was sure also vnto Faustus the sonne of Sylla And shortly after also Caesar selfe did marie Calphurnia the daughter of Piso whom he caused to be made Consul to succeede him the next yeare following Cato then cried out with open mouth and called the gods to witnes that it was a shamefull matter and not to be suffered that they should in that sorte make hauoke of the Empire of ROME by such horrible bawdie matches distributing among them selues through those wicked mariages the gouernments of the prouinces and of great armies Calphurnius Bibulus fellow Consul with Caesar perceiuing that he did contend in vaine making all the resistaunce he could to withstand this lawe and that oftentimes he was in daunger to be slaine with Cato in the market place and assemblie he kept close in his house all the rest of his Consulshippe When Pompey had maried Iulia he filled all the market place with souldiers by open force authorised the lawes which Caesar made in the behalfe of the people Furthermore he procured that Caesar had GAVLE on this side and beyond the Alpes and all ILLYRIA with foure legions graunted him for fiue yeares Then Cato standing vp to speake against it Caesar bad his officers lay holde of him and carie him to prison thinking he would haue appealed vnto the Tribunes But Cato sayd neuer a worde when he went his way Caesar perceiuing then that not onely the Senators and nobilitie were offended but that the common people also for the reuerence they bare vnto Catoes vertues were ashamed and went away with silence he him selfe secretly did pray one of the Tribunes that he would take Cato from the officers But after he had played this parte there were few Senators that would be President of the Senate vnder him but left the citie bicause they could not away with his doinges And of them there was an old man called Considius that on a time boldly told him the rest durst not come to counsel bicause they were afrayed of his souldiers Caesar aunswered him againe and why then doest not thou kepe thee at home for the same feare Considius replied bicause
solemnizing of a sacrifice other men of his estate hauing payd their part he was often also called vpon to pay his But he aunswered them againe aske them that be rich for it were a shame for me to giue you any thing being yet in this mans debt pointing to Callicles the Vserer who had lent him money But when they left him not for all this to cry out apon him for the contribution he began to tell them this tale that on a time there was a coward preparing to goe to the warres and as he was ready to depart he heard the Rauens what a crying they made and taking it for an ill signe he put of his harnes and kept him at home After that he put on his harnes againe went on his way towards the campe the Rauens beganne againe to make a goodlier cry hee hind him But thereuppon he staied straight and at length sayd ye shall crooke as lowd as ye list before ye feede of my carkas An other time the ATHENIANS being in warre vnder his charge would needes haue him to leade them to giue charge vppon their enemies but he would not thereuppon they called him coward and sayd he durst not Well sayd he againe it is not you can make me valiant no more then my selfe can make you cowards and yet one of vs know an other Another time in a maruelous daungerous time the people handled him very churlishly and would needes haue him presently deliuer accompt of his charge but he aunswered them O my friendes first saue your selues Furthermore the people beeing very lowly and humble for feare in time of warres and presently in peace againe waxing braue in wordes against Phocion charging him that he had taken the victorie out of their handes he onely sayd this to them you are happy that haue a Captaine that knowes you els you would singe a new songe Another time there was a quarrell betwixt the BOâ—OTIANS and them about their bounds and fronters the which they would not try by lawe but by battel But Phocion told them they did they wist not what counselled them rather to fight it out in words in which they were the stronger and not with weapons where they were the weaker Another time they so much misliked his opinion in the assembly that they woulde not abide to heare him nor suffer him to speake Wel my Maisters q he then you may make me doe that which is not to be done but you shall neuer compell me against my minde to say that which is not to be spoken He would as gallantly also gird the Orators his aduersaries when they were busie with him As on a time he aunswered Demosthenes that sayd vnto him the people Phocion will kill thee one day and if it take them in the heades Yea thee q he if they be wise Agayne when Polyeuctus SPHETTIAN in a hotte day perswaded the people of ATHENS to make warre with king Philip sweating and with much a doe fetching his breath being a fatte man that he was driuen oftentymes to drinke water to ende his oration surely sayd Phocion ye shall doe maruelous wisely to make warre at such a mans motion Why what thinke ye will he doe when he hath his curats and his target vpon him and that the enemies be ready to fight that now in making an oration onely before you which he hath studied long before is almost stifled Another time also wheÌ„ Lycurgus in his oration had openly reproued him for many things before the people and among the rest for that Alexander demaunding tenne Citizens of ATHENS to do with them what he thought good that he had counselled them to deliuer them Phocion aunswered him I haue oftentimes counselled them for the best but they would neuer follow my councell There was one Archibiades at that time in ATHENS that counterfeated the LACEDAEMONIAN with a maruelous long beard a beggerly cloke and a sower looke Phocion being checkt one day before the people appealed vnto Archibiades for a witnes to confirme that he spake But he rising vp counselled the people contrarily to flatter them withall Phocion perceiuing it tooke him by the beard and sayd vnto him alas Archibiades why diddest thou not then clippe thy beard seeing thou wouldest needes flatter There was another great pleader one Aristogiton that in all assemblies of the citie did nothing but busse warres continually in their eares Afterwards when men were to be leauied and mustered and their names entred that should goe to the warres Aristogiton came halting into the market place with a staffe in his hand and both his legges bound vp to make the people beleeue that he was sicke and disseased Phocion spying Aristogiton farre of cryed out to the Clearke that wrote the billes put in Aristogiton lame and impudent So that oftentymes it makes me muse howe or wherefore so sharpe and seuere a man as by these examples it appeareth he was could come to the surname of good Notwithstanding in the ende I find it a hard thing but not impossible that a man should be like wine both sweete and sharpe together as there are others to the contrary that at the first sight seeme very curteous and gentle of conuersation and apon better acquaintance proue churlishe and dogged It is reported also that Hyperides the Orator one day should say to the ATHENIANS I pray you my Lords note me not for my sharpenes but consider if my sharpenes be without profit As who should say men were not troublesom but for couetousnes onely and as if the people did not rather feare and hate them that of insolencie malice did abuse contemne their authority Phocion on thother side he neuer did Citizen hurt for any priuate malice he bare him but was euer sharpe and cruell to them which were against any matter he preferred for the benefit of the commonwealth For in all other things he shewed him self maruelous lowly and curteous to euery body and would be familliar with his aduersaries and helpe them if they wanted or were otherwise in daunger of displeasure with the state Insomuch as his friendes therefore reproued him on a time when he spake in the behalfe of a naughty man an offender O sayd he honest men neede no helpe An other time Aristogiton the Sycophant beeing clapped vp in prison sent vnto Phocion to pray him to come and speake with him after he was condemned Phocion went into the prison to him though his friendes perswaded him the contrary and aunswered them O let me alone sayd he for where could I see Aristogiton more gladly then in prison Furthermore when there went any army to sea out of ATHENS if there were any other chosen generall but Phocion the townes and Ilandes all alongest the sea coast which were friendes and confederats of the ATHENIANS fortified their walls filled vp their hauens and brought their wiues slaues and cattell and all their goods into their townes and cities as if they
and affectation but stout full of wit and vehemency and yet in the shortnes of his sentences he had such an excellent grace withall that he maruelously delighted the hearers and furthermore shewing in nature a certaine grauetie besides it did so please them that he made them laugh He had a very full and audible voyce that might be heard of a maruelous number of people and such a strong nature besides that he neuer fainted nor brake his speache for many times he would speake a whole day together and was neuer wearie So when he had obtained his cause against the Tribunes he returned againe to keepe his former great silence and to harden his bodie with painefull exercises as to abide heate frost and snow bare headed and alwayes to goe a foote in the fielde where his frendes that did accompany him to rode a horsebacke and sometime he would come and talke with one somtime with an other as he went a foote by them He had a wonderfull pacience also in his sickenes For when he had any agew he would be alone all day long and suffer no man to come and see him vntill he perceiued his sit was of him and that he founde he was better When he supped with his frendes and familiars they drewe lottes who should choose their partes If he chaunced not to choose his frendes notwithstanding gaue him the preferrement to choose but he refused it saying it was no reason sith the goddesse Venus was against him At the first he did not vse to sitte long at the table but after he had dronke one draught only he would straight rise But when he came to be elder he sate long at the table so that oftentimes he would sit it out all night with his frends till the next morning But they seeking to excuse it sayd that his great busines and affaires in the common wealth was the cause of it For following that all the day long hauing no leasure nor time to studie when night came he delighted to talke with learned men and Philosophers at the bord Wherefore when Memmius on a time being in company sayed the Cato did nothing but drinke all night Cicero taking his tale out of his mouth aunswered him thou doest not adde this vnto it that all the day he doth nothing but play at dyse To be short Cato thinking that the maners and facions of mens liues in his time were so corrupt and required such great chaunge and alteracion that to goe vprightly he was to take a contrarie course in all thinges For he saw that purple red the lightest colours were best esteemed of he in contrarie maner desired to weare blacke And many times also after dinner he would goe abroade bare footed without shooes and without any gowne not bicause he would be wondered at for any suche straungenes but to acquaint him selfe to be ashamed only of shameles and dishonest things and to despise those which were not reproued but by mens opinions Furthermore land being left him to the value of an hundred talentes by the death of a cousin of his that likewise was called Cato he put it all into ready money to lend to his frendes that lacked and without vsury And there were some of his frends also that would morgage his land or his slaues to the chamber of the city for their owne priuate busines the which he him selfe would either giue thē to morgage or else afterwards confirme the morgage of them Furthermore when he was comen of age to marry hauing neuer knowen womā before he was made sure to Lepida This Lepida had bene precontracted vnto Metellus Scipio but afterwardes the precontract being broken he forsooke her so that she was free when Cato was contracted to her Notwithstanding before Cato maried her Scipio repenting him that he had refused her made all the meanes he could to haue againe so he had Cato tooke it so grieuously that he thought to goe to lawe for her but his frendes disswaded him from it Then seeing no other remedie to satisfie his angrie minde he wrote verses against Scipio in the which he reuiled him all he coulde vsing the bitter tauntes of Archilocus verses but not suche impudent lewde and childishe reproaches as be there After that he maried Attilia Soranus daughter being the first woman he euer knewe yet not the onely woman whome he did knowe as is reported of Lalius Scipioes frende who therein was counted the happier bicause all that long time wherein he liued he neuer knewe other woman but his first wife Furthermore in the warre of the bondemen otherwise called Spartacus warre one Gellius was chosen Praetor of the armie vnder whom Cato serued of his owne good will for the loue he bare vnto his brother Capio who in that armie had charge of a thowsand footemen Now Cato could not as he wished shewe his valliantnesse and good seruice bicause of the insufficiencie of the Praetor that gaue ill direction This notwithstanding in the middest of al the riot insolency of them in the campe he shewing him selfe a stayed man in all his doinges valliant where neede was and very wise also all men esteemed him to be nothing inferior vnto Cato the elder Whereuppon Gellius the Praetor gaue him many honors in token of his valliantnes which are giuen in reward of mens good seruice howebeit Cato refused them and sayd that he was nothing worthie of those honors These thinges made him to be thought a maruelous straunge man Furthermore when there was a lawe made forbidding all men that sued for any office in the common wealth that they should haue no prompters in any of the assemblies to blowe into their eares the names of priuate citizens he alone making sute to be Colonell of a thowsand footmen was obedient to the law committed all the priuate citizens names to memory to speake vnto euery one of them and to call them by their names so that he was enuied euen of them that did commend him For by how much they knew his deedes praiseworthie by so muche more were they grieued For that they could not followe them So Cato being chosen Colonell of a thowsande footemen he was sent into MACEDON vnto Rubrius Praetor there Some say that at his departure from thence his wise lamenting and weeping to see him go one Munatius a frend of his sayd vnto her take no thought Attilia and leaue weeping for I promise thee I will kepe thy husband for thee It is well sayd aunswered Cato Then when they were a dayes iorney srō ROME Cato after supper said vnto this Munatius thou must looke well to thy promesse thou hast made Attilia that thou wouldest keepe me for her therefore forsake me not night nor day Thereupon he commaunded his men that from thence forth they should prepare two beds in his chamber that Munatius also might lye there who was rather pleasantly him selfe looked vnto
and neuer once repyned against that he had done neither then nor at any one after but continued still friendshippe with him as he had done before But now though Cato was out of his office of Quaestor he was not without spialls of his men in the treasure chamber who marked alwayes and wrote what was done and passed in the treasurie And Cato him self hauing bought the bookes of accompt for the summe of fiue talents conteyning the reuenue of the whole stare of the common wealth from Syllaes time vntill the very yeare of his Quaestorshippe he euer had them about him and was the first man that came to the Senate and the last that went out of it There many times the Senators tarying long before they came he went and sate downe in a corner by him selfe and red closely the booke he had vnder his gowne clapping his gowne before it and would neuer bee out of the citie on that day when he knew the Senate should assemble After that Pompey and his conforts perceiuing that it was vnpossible to compell Cato and much lesse to winne or corrupt him to fauor their must doings they sought what meanes they could to keepe him from comming to the Senate and defending certeine of his friends causes to occupy him some other wayes about matters of arbitrement But Cato finding their wiles and craft to encounter them he tolde his friendes once for all whom he would pleasure that when the Senate did sit no mans cause could make him be absent from thence For he came not to serue the common wealth to enrich him selfe as many did neither for any glorye or reputacion nor yet at all aduenture but that he had aduisedly chosen to serue the common wealth like a iust and honest man therefore thought him selfe bound to be as carefull of his dutie as the bee working her waxe in the honny combe For this respect therefore to performe his dutie the better by the meanes of his friendes which he had in euery prouince belonging to the Empire of ROME he gotte into his handes the copies of all the chiefest actes edicts decrees sentences the notablest iudgements of the gouernors that remayned in recorde Once Cato perceiuing that Publius Clodius a seditious Orator amongest the people did make great sturte and accused diuers vnto the assembly as the Priestes and Vestall Nunnes amonge the which Pâ—bia Terentia Citeroes wiues sister was accused he taking their cause in hand did so disgrace Clodius their accuser that he was driuen to flie the citie Cicero therefore giuing Cato thankes Cato tolde him that he must thanke the common wealth not him for whose sake onely he both sayd and did that he had done Hereby Cato wanne him great fame For when a certein Orator or common counseller preferred one witnes vnto the Iudges the counseller on thother side tolde them that one witnes was not to be credited though it were Cato him selfe Insomuch as the people tooke it vp for a prouerbe among them that when any man spake any straunge and vnlikely matter they would say Nay though Cato him selfe said it yet were it not to be beleued When on a time a certaine prodigall man had made a long oration in the Senate in praise and commendacion of sobrietie temperaÌ„ce thriftines one Amnaus a Senator rising vp said vnto him alas frend what thinkest thou who can abide to heare thee any lenger with pacience that farest at thy table like Crassus buildest like Lacullus speakest to vs like Cato So men commonly in sport called them Catoes which were graue and seuere in their wordes and dissolute in their deedes When diuers of his friends were in hand with him to sue to be Tribune of the people he told them he thought it not meete at that time for such an office q he of great authoritie as that is not to be imployed but like a stronge medicine in time of neede So the tearme and matters of lawe ceassing for that tyme Cato went into the contry of LVKE to take his pleasure there where he had pleasant houses and tooke with him both his bookes Philosophers to keepe him company Bicause meeting as he went with diuers sumpters and great cariage and a great traine of men besides he asked them whose cariage it was they told him it was Metellus Nepos that returned to ROME to make sute to be Tribune Thereuppon Cato stayed sodainely and bethinking him selfe commaunded his men to returne backe againe His friends maruailing at it he aunswered them Doe not you know that Metellus is to be feared of him selfe for his rashnes and folly now that he commeth instructed by Pompey like a lightning he would set all the common wealth a fire for this cause therefore we must not now goe take out pleasure in the contry but ouercome his folly or otherwise dye honorably in defence of our libertie Yet at his friendes perswasions he went first vnto his house in the contry but taried not long there and returned straight againe to ROME When he came thither ouernight the next morning betimes he went into the market place sued to be Tribune of the people purposely to crosse Metellus enterprise bicause the power authoritie of the Tribune coÌ„sisteth more in hindring then doing any thing for if all men els were agreed of a matter and that he onely were against it the Tribune would cary it from them all Cato at the first had not many of his friendes about him but when they heard of his intent why he made sute for the Tribuneship all his friends and noble men straight tooke part with him confirmed his determination and incoraged him to go on withall for that he did it rather to serue the common wealth then his owne turne considering that where many times before he might without resistance or deniall haue obteined the same the state being toward no trouble he then would neuer sue for it but now that he saw it in daunger where he was to fight for the common wealth and the protection of her libertie It is reported that there was such a number of people about him to fauor his sute that he was like to haue ben stifled among them thought he should neuer haue comen to the market place for the preasse of people that swarmed about him Thus when he was chosen Tribune with Metellus and others he perceiued how they bought sold the voyces of the people when the Consuls were chosen whereupon he made an oration sharply tooke them vp for this detestable marchaÌ„dise and after his oration ended solemnly protested by othe that he would accuse him bewray his name which had giuen money to be chosen Consul Howbeit he spake nothing of Syllanus whose sister Seruilia he had maried but he flatly accused Lucius Muraena that had obtained to be CoÌ„sul with Syllanus by meanes of his money Now a law being prouided that the
men but they loue and trust them better As for the two first the one they are affrayed of and the other they distrust beside they suppose that valliancy and wisdom commeth rather by the benefite of nature then of our intent and choyce esteeming wisedome as a readines of conceit and fortitude a presence and courage of the minde For euery man may be iust that will and therefore iniustice is of all otherwices most shamefull for it is a wilfull and malicious defaut and therefore can not be excused Loe this was the cause why all the noble men in manner were against Cato as though he only had ouercome them Pompey he thought that the estimacion of Cato was altogether the discountenaunce of his power and greatnesse and therefore did dayly raise vp many railers against him Of them Publius Clodius that seditious Tribune who was againe fallen in frendship with Pompey he accused Cato and cried out vpon him how he had robbed the common wealth of a wonderfull treasure by his commission in CYPRVS and that be was enemy vnto Pompey bicause he did refuse to marry his daughter Cato thereto made aunswer◠that he had brought more golde and siluer out of CYPRVS into the treasure of ROME without the allowance of either horse or souldier then Pompey had done with all his triumphes and warres with the which he had troubled all the world And moreouer that he did neuer seeke alliance with Pompey not that he thought him vnworthie of it but bicause he saw he delt not as vprightly in the common wealth as he him selfe did I sayd he haue refused a prouince offred me when I came out of my Praetorshippe but Pompey hath taken some by force and geuen away vnto others And to conclude he lent Caesar not long since an armie of six thowsand men to serue him in the warres in GAVLE the which he neuer required of vs nor Pompey graunted them him by our consent But we see that so many armies armors and weapon so many men and horses by common pleasures of our priuate citizens geuen and lent at our charge And Pompey him selfe reseruing onely the name of Emperour and Lieutenaunt generall assigneth ouer his armies and prouinces to the gouernment of others whilest he him selfe besiegeth here the walls of the citie with seditious tumultuous election of officers craftily vnderminding therby the state of the common wealth to bring all to confusion that he him selfe might be absolute Prince and rule alone Thus was he reuenged of Pompey Among Catoes frends he had one called Marcus Faonius such a one as Apollodorus PHALERIAN was sayd to be in old time vnto Socrates who did counterfeate to be an other him selfe in doing all thinges as he did This man would be farre out of reason and passionate in his talke storming like a dronkard He one yere made sute to be AEdilis but he was reiected Howbeit Cato that furthered his sute marked that the tables wherein the voyces were wrytten were all one hande So he finding out the falsehoode appealed thereuppon vnto the Tribunes and made the election voyde for that time After that Faonius was created AEdilis Cato did helpe him forth in all the other charges of his office and specially in setting foorth playes in the Theater◠which are customably done at the comming in of euery such new officer to geue the people pastime and gaue vnto the common players and dauncers in those playes no golden crownes as other AEdiles did but crownes of wilde oliue twigges as they commonly vse in GRAECE at the Olympian games And where others gaue vnto the poore rich gifts he gaue the GRAECIANS leekes lettises radishes and peares and vnto the ROMANES they had earthen pottes full of wine porke figges cowcombres and fagots of wodde of small value Insomuch as some thought scorne of thē they were so meane others were verie glad of them seeing that Cato which was seuere and hard of nature had a doing in them and by litle and litle they turned this austeritie of his into pleasure In fine Faonius him selfe sitting downe amongest the people which looked apon the players clapped his hands for ioy at Cato and cried out to him that he should geue them good rewardes that played well alluring them also about him to doe the like and told them that he had made Cato the whole ruler of thoses sportes At the selfe same time Curio Faonius colleague and companion in the office of AEdilis had likewise goodly playes in an other Theater but all the people forsooke his and went to see Faonius playes who sate among them like a priuate man and Cato as the maister of the playes Cato did this in scorne and mockerie of vaine charge and expences which men are wont to bestow in such trifles shewing thereby that whosoeuer will make any playes he should make the charge but a sport also furnishing it only with a conuenient grace but with no vaine expence or charge about such a trifle Shortly after when Scipio Hypseus and Milo sued all three together to be Consuls not only by briberie of money a common fault then in suing for any of the offices in the common wealth but by plaine force of armes slaying and killing as in a ciuill warre they were so desperat and insolent some preferred a lawe that they should make Pompey President in these elections bicause men should moue their sute after a lawfull sorte But Cato straight was against it saying that the law could haue no safety by Pompey but Pompey might haue safety by the lawe Notwithstanding when he sawe this trouble continewe of a long time without any Consuls in ROME and that dayly there were three campes in the market place that it was almost impossible to preuent the mischiefe at hand and to stay that it should goe no further then he thought it better that the Senate of their owne good willes rather then by compulsion should put the gouernment of the state into Pompeis hands alone choosing the lesser euill to withstand the greater and so to yeeld to the absolute gouernment without constraint which the sedition would bring it vnto Therefore Bibulus Catoes frend kinseman made a motion to the Senate that they would choose Pompey sole Consul For sayd he either the common wealth shall be well gouerned by him or else ROME shall serue an ill lord Cato then rising vp beyonde all mens expectacion confirmed Bibulus opinion and sayd that the citie were better to haue one soueraine Magistrate then none and that he hoped Pompey could geue present order for the pacifying of this confusion and that he would be carefull to preserue the citie when he sawe that they trusted him with the gouernment thereof Thus was Pompey by Catoes meanes chosen sole Consull Then he sent for Cato to come to his gardens to him which were in the suburbes of the citie Cato went thither and was receiued with as great honor
onely temples of feare and death but also of laughter and of many other such passions of the minde They do worshippe Feare not as other spirites and deuills that are hurtfull but bicause they are perswaded that nothing preserueth a common wealth better then feare Wherefore the Ephori as Aristotle witnesseth when they are created doe by publicke proclamacion commaunde all the SPARTANS to shaue their chinnes and to obey the law least they should make them feele the rigour of the law They brought in the shauing of their chinnes in my opinion to inure yoūg men to obey the Magistrates euen in trifles Moreouer it seemes that men in olde time did esteeme fortitude to be no taking away of feare but rather a feare lothnes to incurre shame For commonly those that are most affrayed to offend the law are in the field most valliant against their enemie and shunne no perill to winne fame and honest reputacion And therefore it was wisely sayd of one That feare can not be vvithout shamefastnes And so Homer in a certaine place made Hellen say vnto king Priamus Of trueth I doe confesse deere father in lavv You are the man of vvhom I stand in avv And reuerence most of all that ere I savv And in an other place speaking of the GRAECIAN souldiers he sayth thus For feare of their Captaines they spake not a vvord For men do vse to reuerence them whom they feare And this was the cause why the chappell of Feare was by the halle of the Ephores hauing in maner a princely and absolute authoritie The next morning Cleomenes banished by trompet foure score citizens of SPARTA and ouerthrew all the chaires of the Ephores but one only the which he reserued for him selfe to sit in to geue audience Then calling the people to counsell he gaue them an account of his doings and told them that Lycurgus had ioyned the Senators with the kings how the citie had bene gouerned a long time by them without helpe of any other officers Notwithstanding afterwards the city hauing great warres with the MESSENIANS the kings being alwaies employed in that warre whereby they could not attend the affaires of the common wealth at home did choose certaine of their frendes to sitte in iudgement in their steades to determine controuersies of lawe which were called Ephores and did gouerne long time as the kinges ministers howbeit that afterwards by litle and litle they tooke apon them absolute gouernment by thēselues And for manifest proofe hereof you see that at this present time when the Ephori do send for the king the first and second time they refuse to come but the third time he riseth and goeth vnto them The first man that gaue the Ephores this authoritie was Asteropus one of the Ephores many yeares after the first institucion of the kinges and yet if they had gouerned discreetely peraduenture they might haue continued lenger But they licentiously abusing their authoritie by suppressing the lawfull Gouernors instituted of old time taking apon them to banish some of their kings and putting other of them also to death without law and iustice and threatning others that desire to restore that noble and former blessed gouernment vnto SPARTA againe all these things I say are in no wise to be suffered any lenger And therefore if it had bene possible to haue banished all these plagues of the common wealth out of SPARTA brought from forreine nations I meane pleasures pastimes money dets and vsuries and others yet more auncient pouerty and riches he might then haue esteemed him selfe the happiest king that euer was if like a good Phisitian he had cured his contrie of that infection without griefe or sorrow But in that he was constrained to beginne with blood he followed Lycurgus example who being neither king nor other Magistrate but a priuate citizen only taking apon him the authoritie of the king boldly came into the market place with force and armed men and made king Charilaus that then raigned so affrayed that he was driuen to take sanctuarie in one of the temples But the king being a Prince of a noble nature and louing the honor of his contrie tooke parte with Lycurgus adding to his aduise and counsell for the alteracion of the state of the gouernment of the common wealth which he did confirme Hereby then it appeareth that Lycurgus saw it was a hard thing to alter the common wealth without force and feare the which he notwithstanding had vsed with as great modestie and discretion as might be possible banishing them that were against the profit and wealth of LACEDAEMON geuing all the lands of the contrie also to be equally deuided amongest them and setting all men cleere that were in dette And furthermore that he would make a choyse and proofe of the straungers to make them free citizens of SPARTA whom he knew to be honest men thereby to defende their citie the better by force of armes to th end that from henceforth we may no more see our contrie of LACONIA spoyled by the AETOLIANS and ILLYRIANS for lacke of men to defende them selues against them Then he beganne first him selfe to make all his goods common and after him Megistonus his father in law and consequently all his other frendes Then he caused the lands also to be deuided and ordeined euery banished man a part whom he him selfe had exiled promising that he would receiue them againe into the city when he had established all things So when he had replenished the number of the citizens of SPARTA with the choycest honest men their neighbours he made foure thowsand footemen well armed and taught them to vse their pykes with both handes in steade of their dartes with one hande and to carie their targets with a good strong handle and not buckled with a leather thong Afterwardes he tooke order for the education of children and to restore the auncient LACONIAN discipline againe and did all these things in maner by the helpe of Sphaerus the Philosopher Insomuch as he had quickely set vp againe schoole houses for children and also brought them to the old order of dyet and all but a very fewe without compulsion were willing to fall to their old institucion of life Then bicause the name of one king should not offend any man he made his brother Euclidas king with him But this was the first time that euer the two kings were of one house but then Furthermore vnderstanding that the ACHAIANS and Aratus were of opinion that he durst not come out of LACEDAEMON for feare to leaue it in perill of reuolting bicause of the late chaunge and alteracion in the common wealth he thought it an honorable attempt of him to make his enemies see the readines and good will of his armie Thereupon he inuaded the territories of the MEGALOPOLITANS and brought away a great praye and booty after he had done great hurt vnto his enemies Then hauing taken certaine players
to make vnto them the which if it would please them to graunt him he woulde thinke they did him a maruelous pleasure and if they denied him also he cared not muche Then euerie man thought it was the Consulshippe he ment to aske and that he woulde sue to be Tribune and Consul together But when the day came to choose the Consuls euery man looking attentiuely what he would doe they marueled when they sawe him come downe the fielde of Mars and brought Caius Fannius with his frends to further his sute for the Consulshippe Therein he serued Fannius turne for he was presently chosen Consul and Caius Gracchus was the seconde time chosen Tribune againe not of his owne sute but by the good will of the people Caius perceiuing that the Senators were his open enemies and that Fannius the Consul was but a slacke frende vnto him he began againe to currie fauor with the common people and to preferre new lawes setting forth the lawe of the Colonies that they should send of the poore citizens to replenishe the cities of TARENTVM and CAPVA that they should graunt all the Latines the freedom of ROME The Senate perceiuing his power grew great and that in the end he would be so strong that they coulde not withstande him they deuised a new and straunge way to plucke the peoples good will from him in graunting them things not altogether very honest There was one of the Tribunes a brother in office with Caius called Liuius Drusus a man noblely borne and as well brought vp as any other ROMANE who for wealth and eloquence was not inferior to the greatest men of estimacion in ROME The chiefest Senators went vnto him and perswaded him to take parte with them against Caius not to vse any force or violence against the people to withstand them in any thing but contrarily to graunt them those things which were more honestie for them to deny them with their ill will. Liuius offering to pleasure the Senate with his authority preferred lawes neither honorable nor profitable to the cōmon wealth were to no other ende but contending with Caius who should most flatter the people of them two as plaiers do in their cōmon plaies to shew the people pastime Wherby the Senate shewed that they did not so much mislike Caius doings as for the desire they had to ouerthrow him his great credit with the people For where Caius preferred but the replenishing of the two cities and desired to send the honestest citizens thither they obiected against him that he did corrupt the common people On the other side also they fauored Drusus who preferred a law that they should replenish twelue Colonies should send to euery one of them three thowsande of the poorest citizens And where they hated Caius for that he had charged the poore citizens with an annual rent for the lands that were deuided vnto them Liuius in contrary maner did please them by disburdening them of that rent payment letting thē haue the lands scotfree Furthermore also where Caius did anger the people bicause he gaue all the Latines the fredom of ROME to geue their voyces in choosing of Magistrates as freely as the naturall ROMANES when Drusus on thother side had preferred a law that thencefoorth no ROMANE should whip any souldier of the Latines with rods to the warres they liked the law past it Liuius also in euery law he put forth said in all his orations that he did it by the counsell of the Senate who were very carefull for the profit of the people and this was all the good he did in his office vnto the cōmon wealth For by his meanes the people were better pleased with the Senate where they did before hate all the noble men of the Senate Liuius tooke away that malice when the people saw that all that he propounded was for the preferment benefit of the common wealth with the consent furtheraunce of the Senate The only thing also that perswaded the people to thinke that Drusus ment vprightly that he only respected the profit of the common people was that he neuer preferred any law for him selfe or for his owne benefit For in the restoring of these Colonies which he preferred he alwaies sent other Commissioners gaue them the charge of it and would neuer finger any money him selfe where Caius tooke apon him the charge care of all things himselfe specially of the greatest matters Rubrius also an other Tribune hauing preferred a law for the reedifying replenishing of CARTHAGE againe with people the which Scipio had rased and destroyed it was Caius happe to be appointed one of the Commissioners for it Whereupon he tooke shippe sailed into AFRIKE Drusus in the meane time taking occasion of his absence did as much as might be to seeke the fauor of the common people and specially by accusing Fuluius who was one of the best frends Caius had whom they had also chosen Commissioner with him for the diuision of these landes among the citizens whom they sent to replenish these Colonies This Fuluius was a seditious man therefore maruelously hated of the Senate withall suspected also of them that tooke parte with the people that he secretly practised to make their confederats of ITALIE to rebell But yet they had no euident proofe of it to iustifie it against him more then that which he himselfe did verifie bicause he semed to be offended with the peace quietnes they enioyed And this was one of the chiefest causes of Caius ouerthrow bicause that Fuluius was partely hated for his sake For when Scipio AFRICAN was found dead one morning in his house without any manifest cause how he should come to his death so sodainly sauing that there appeared certaine blinde markes of stripes on his body that had bene geuen him as we haue declared at large in his life the most parte of the suspicion of his death was layed to Fuluius being his mortall enemy bicause the same day they had bene at great wordes together in the pulpit for orations So was Caius Gracchus also partly suspected for it Howsoeuer it was such a horrible murder as this of so famous worthy a man as any was in ROME was yet notwitstanding neuer reuenged neither any inquirie made of it bicause the common people would not suffer the accusacion to goe forward fearing least Caius would be found in fault if the matter should go forward But this was a great while before Now Caius at that time being in AFRICK about the reedifying and replenishing of the city of CARTHAGE againe the which he named IVNONIA the voice goeth that he had many ill signes tokens appeared vnto him For the staffe of his ensigne was broken with a vehemēt blast of wind with the force of the ensigne bearer that held it fast on thother side There came a flaw of winde also
that caried away the sacrifices vpon the aulters and blew them quite out of the circuite which was marked out for the compasse of the city Furthermore the woulues came and tooke away the markes which they had set downe to limite the bonds of their circuite caried him quite away This notwithstanding Caius hauing dispatched all things in the space of three score ten daies he returned incontinently to ROME vnderstanding that Fuluius was oppressed by Drusus and that those matters required his presence For Lucius Hostilius that was all in all for the nobility a man of great credit with the Senate being the yeare before put by the Consulshippe by Caius practise who caused Fannius to be chosen he had good hope this yere to speede for the great number of frends that furthered his sute So that if he could obtaine it he was fully bent to set Caius beside the saddle the rather bicause his estimacion and countenaunce he was wont to haue among the people began now to decay for that they were ful of such deuises as his were bicause there were diuers others that preferred the like to please the people withal yet with the Senates great good will fauor So Caius being returned to ROME he remoued from his house and where before he dwelt in mount Palatine he came now to take a house vnder the market place to shew him selfe therby the lowlier more popular bicause many of the meaner sorte of people dwelt thereaboutes Then he purposed to goe forward with the rest of his lawes to make the people to estabish thē a great number of people repairing to ROME out of all parts for the furtherance thereof Howbeit the Senate counselled the Consul Fannius to make proclamacion that al those which were no natural ROMANES resident abiding within the city self of ROME that they should depart out of ROME Besides all this there was a straūge proclamacion made and neuer seene before that none of all the frends confederats of the ROMANES for certaine daies should come into ROME But Caius on thother side set vp bills on euery post accusing the Consul for making so wicked a proclamaciō further promised the confederates of ROME to aide them if they would remaine there against the Consuls proclamacion But yet he performed it not For when he saw one of Fannius sergeaūts cary a frend of his to prison he held on his way would see nothing neither did he helpe him either of likelyhoode bicause he feared his credit with the people which began to decay or else bicause he was loth as he said to picke any quarrell with his enemies which sought it of him Furthermore he chaunced to fall at variance with his brethren the Tribunes about this occasion The people were to see the pastime of the sword plaiers or sensers at the sharp within the very market place and there were diuers of the officers that to see the sport did set vp scaffoldes rounde about to take money for the standing Caius cōmaunded them to take them downe again bicause the poore men might see the sport without any cost But not a man of thē would yeeld to it Wherefore he staid till the night before the pastime should be then he tooke all his laborers he had vnder him went ouerthrew the scaffolds euery one of thē so that the next morning all the market place was clere for the cōmon people to see the pastime at their pleasure For this fact of his the people thanked him maruelously tooke him for a worthie man Howbeit his brethren the Tribunes were very much offended with him tooke him for a bold presumptuous man This seemeth to be the chiefe cause why he was put from his third Tribuneship where he had the most voices of his side bicause his colleagues to be reuēged of the part he had plaied thē of malice spight made false report of the voices Howbeit there is no great troth in this It is true that he was very angry with this repulse it is reported he spake somwhat too prowdly to his enemies that were mery with the matter laughed him to scorne that they laughed a SARDONIANS laugh not knowing how darkely his deedes had wrapt them in Furthermore his enemies hauing chosen Opimius Consul they began immediatly to reuoke diuers of Caius lawes as among the rest his doings at CARTHAGE for the reedifying of that city procuring thus all the waies they could to anger him bicause they might haue iust occasion of anger to kil him Caius notwithstanding did paciently beare it at the first but afterwards his frends specially Fuluius did encorage him so that he began againe to gather men to resist the Consul And it is reported also that Cornelia his mother did help him in it secretly hyring a great number of straungers which she sent vnto ROME as if they had bene reapers or haruest men And this is that she wrote secretly in her letter vnto her sonne in ciphers And yet other write to the contrary that she was very angry he did attēpt those things When the day came that they should proceede to the reuocation of his lawes both parties met by breake of day at the Capitoll There when the Consul Opimius had done sacrifice one of Caius sergeaunts calle Quintus Antyllius carying the intrals of the beast sacrificed said vnto Fuluius and others of his tribe that were about him giue place to honest men vile citizens that ye be Some say also that besides these iniurious wordes in skorne contempt he held out his naked arme to make thē ashamed Whereupon they slue him presently in the field with great botkins to wryte with which they had purposely made for that intent Hereupon the cōmon people were maruelously offended for this murther the chiefe men of both sides also were diuersly affected For Caius was very sory for it bitterly reproued them that were about him saying that they had giuen their enemies the occasion they looked for to set vpon thē Opimius the Consul in contrary maner taking this occasion rose apon it did stirre vp the people to be reuenged But there fell a shower of raine at that time that parted them The next morning the Consul hauing assembled the Senate by breake of day as he was dispatching causes within some had takē the body of Antyllius layed it naked vpon the beere so caried it through the market place as it was agreed vpon before amongst thē brought it to the Senate dore where they began to make great mone lamētacion Opimius knowing the meaning of it but yet he dissembled it seemed to wonder at it Wherupon the Senators went out to see what it was finding this beere in the market place some fell a weeping for him that was dead others cried out that it was a shamefull act in no wise to be
PARTHIANS saw the riuer they vnbent their bowes and bad the ROMANES passe ouer without any feare and greatly commended their valliantnes When they had all passed ouer the riuer at their ease they tooke a litle breath and so marched forward againe not greatly trusting the PARTHIANS The sixt daye after this last battell they came to the riuer of Araxes which deuideth the contry of ARMENIA from MEDIA the which appeared vnto them very daungerous to passe for the depth and swiftnes of the streame And furthermore there ranne a rumor through the campe that the PARTHIANS lay in ambushe thereabouts and that they would come set vpon them whilest they were troubled in passing ouer the riuer But now after they were all comen safely ouer without any daunger and that they had gotten to the other side into the prouince of ARMENIA then they worshipped that land as if it had bene the first land they had seene after a long and daungerous voyage by sea being now arriued in a safe and happy hauen and the teares ranne downe their cheekes and euery man imbraced eache other for the great ioy they had But nowe keeping the fields in this frutefull contry so plentifull of all things after so great a famine and want of all thinges they so crammed them selues with such plenty of vittells that many of them were cast into flyxes and dropsies There Antonius mustring his whole army found that he had lost twenty thowsand footemen and foure thowsand horsemen which had not all bene slayne by their enemies for the most part of them dyed of sicknes making seuen and twenty dayes iorney comming from the citie of PHRAATA into ARMENIA and hauing ouercome the PARTHIANS in eighteene seuerall battells But these victories were not throughly performed nor accomplished bicause they followed no long chase and thereby it easily appeared that Artabazus king of ARMENIA had reserued Antonius to end this warre For if the sixteene thowsand horsemen which he brought with him out of MEDIA had bene at these battells considering that they were armed and apparelled much after the PARTHIANS manner and acquainted also with their fight When the ROMANES had put them to flight that sought a battell with them that these ARMENIANS had followed the chase of them that fled they had not gathered them selues againe in force neither durst they also haue returned to fight with them so often after they had bene so many times ouerthrowen Therefore all those that were of any credit and countenaunce in the army did perswade and egge Antonius to be reuenged of this ARMENIAN king But Antonius wisely dissembling his anger he told him not of his trechery nor gaue him the worse countenaunce nor did him lesse honor then he did before bicause he knew his armie was weake lacked things necessary Howbeit afterwards he returned againe into ARMENIA with a great army and so with fayer wordes and sweete promises of Messengers he allured Artabazus to come vnto him whome he then kept prisoner and led in triumphe in the citie of ALEXANDRIA This greatly offended the ROMANES and made them much to mislike it when they saw that for Cleopatraes sake he depriued his contry of her due honor and glory onely to gratifie the AEGYPTIANS But this was a prety while after Howbeit then the great haste he made to returne vnto Cleopatra caused him to put his men to so great paines forcing them to lye in the field all winter long when it snew vnreasonably that by the way he lost eight thowsand of his men and so came downe to the seaside with a small companye to a certaine place called BLANCBOVRG which standeth betwixt the cities of BERYTVS and SIDON and there taried for Cleopatra And bicause she taried longer then he would haue had her he pined away for loue and sorrow So that he was at such a straight that he wist nor what to doe and therefore to weare it out he gaue him selfe to quaffing and feasting But he was so drowned with the loue of her that he could not abide to sit at the table till the feast were ended but many times while others banketted he ranne to the sea side to see if she were comming At length she came and brought with her a worlde of apparell and money to giue vnto the souldiers But some saye notwithstanding that she brought apparell but no money and that she tooke of Antonius money and caused it to be giuen amonge the souldiers in her owne name as if she had giuen it them In the meane time it chaunced that the king of the MEDES and Phraortes king of the PARTHIANS fell at great warres together the which began as it is reported for the spoyles of the ROMANES and grew to be so hot betwene them that the king of MEDES was no lesse affrayd then also in daunger to lose his whole Realme Thereuppon he sent vnto Antonius to pray him to come and make warre with the PARTHIANS promising him that he would ayde him to his vttermost power This put Antonius againe in good comfort considering that vnlooked for the onely thing he lacked which made him he could not ouercome the PARTHIANS meaning that he had not brought horsemen and men with dares and slings enough was offred him in that sort that he did him more pleasure to accept it then it was pleasure to the other to offer it Hereuppon after he had spoken with the king of MEDES at the riuer of Araxes he prepared him selfe once more to goe through ARMENIA and to make more cruell warre with the PARTHIANS then he had done before Now whilest Antonius was busie in this preparation Octauia his wife whome he had left at ROME would needes take sea to come vnto him Her brother Octauius Caesar was willing vnto it not for his respect at all as most authors doe report as for that he might haue an honest culler to make warre with Antonius if he did misuse her and not esteeme of her as she ought to be But when she was come to ATHENS she receiued letters from Antonius willing her to stay there vntill his comming did aduertise her of his iorney and determination The which though it griued her much and that she knewe it was but an excuse yet by her letters to him of aunswer she asked him whether he would haue those thinges sent vnto him which she had brought him being great store of apparell for souldiers great number of horse summe of money and gifts to bestow on his friendes and Captaines he had about him and besides all those she had two thowsand souldiers chosen men all well armed like vnto the Praetors bands When Niger one of Antonius friends whome he had sent vnto ATHENS had brought these newes from his wife Octauia and withall did greatly prayse her as she was worthy and well deserued Cleopatra knowing that Octauia would haue Antonius from her and fearing also that if with her
yet I am forbidden and kept from tearing murdering this captiue body of mine with blowes which they carefully gard and keepe onely to triumphe of thee looke therefore henceforth for no other honors offeringes nor sacrifices from me for these are the last which Cleopatra can geue thee sith nowe they carie her away Whilest we liued together nothing could seuer our companies but now at our death I feare me they will make vs chaunge our contries For as thou being a ROMANE hast bene buried in AEGYPT euen so wretched creature I an AEGYPTIAN shall be buried in ITALIE which shall be all the good that I haue receiued by thy contrie If therefore the gods where thou art now haue any power and authoritie sith our gods here haue forsaken vs suffer not thy true frend and louer to be caried away aliue that in me they triumphe of thee but receiue me with thee and let me be buried in one selfe tombe with thee For though my griefes and miseries be infinite yet none hath grieued me more nor that I could lesse beare withall then this small time which I haue bene driuē to liue alone without thee Then hauing ended these doleful plaints and crowned the tombe with garlands and sundry nosegayes and maruelous louingly imbraced the same she commaunded they should prepare her bath and when she had bathed and washed her selfe she fell to her meate and was sumptuously serued Nowe whilest she was at dinner there came a contrieman and brought her a basket The souldiers that warded at the gates asked him straight what he had in his basket He opened the basket and tooke out the leaues that couered the figges and shewed them that they were figges he brought They all of them maruelled to see so goodly figges The contrieman laughed to heare them and bad them take some if they would They beleued he told them truely and so bad him carie them in After Cleopatra had dined she sent a certaine table written and sealed vnto Caesar and commaunded them all to go out of the tombes where she was but the two women then she shut the dores to her Caesar when he receiued this table and began to read her lamentation and petition requesting him that he would let her be buried with Antonius founde straight what she ment and thought to haue gone thither him selfe howbeit he sent one before in all hast that might be to see what it was Her death was very sodaine For those whom Caesar sent vnto her ran thither in all hast possible found the souldiers standing at the gate mistrusting nothing nor vnderstanding of her death But when they had opened the dores they founde Cleopatra starke dead layed vpon a bed of gold attired and araied in her royall robes and one of her two women which was called Iras dead at her feete and her other woman called Charmion halfe dead and trembling trimming the Diademe which Cleopatra ware vpon her head One of the souldiers seeing her angrily sayd vnto her is that well done Charmion Verie well sayd she againe and meete for a Princes discended from the race of so many noble kings She sayd no more but fell downe dead hard by the bed Some report that this Aspicke was brought vnto her in the basket with figs that she had cōmaunded them to hide it vnder the figge leaues that when she shoulde thinke to take out the figges the Aspicke shoulde bite her before she should see her howbeit that when shew would haue taken away the leaues for the figges she perceiued it and said art thou here then And so her arme being naked she put it to the Aspicke to be bitten Other say againe she kept it in a boxe and that she did pricke and thrust it with a spindell of golde so that the Aspicke being angerd withall lept out with great furie and bitte her in the arme Howbeit sewe can tell the troth For they report also that she had hidden poyson in a hollow raser which she caried in the heare of her head and yet was there no marke seene of her bodie or any signe discerned that she was poysoned neither also did they finde this serpent in her tombe But it was reported onely that there were seene certeine fresh steppes or trackes where it had gone on the tombe side toward the sea and specially by the dores side Some say also that they found two litle pretie bytings in her arme scant to be discerned the which it seemeth Caesar him selfe gaue credit vnto bicause in his triumphe he caried Cleopatraes image with an Aspicke byting of her arme And thus goeth the report of her death Now Caesar though he was maruelous sorie for the death of Cleopatra yet he wondred at her noble minde and corage and therefore commaunded she should be nobly buried and layed by Antonius and willed also that her two women shoulde haue honorable buriall Cleopatra dyed being eight and thirtie yeare olde after she had raigned two and twenty yeres and gouerned aboue foureteene of them with Antonius And for Antonius some say that he liued three and fiue yeares and others say six and fiftie All his statues images and mettalls were plucked downe and ouerthrowen sauing those of Cleopatra which stoode still in their places by meanes of Archibius one of her frendes who gaue Caesar a thowsande talentes that they should not be handled as those of Antonius were Antonius left seuen children by three wiues of the which Caesar did put Antyllus the eldest sonne he had by Fuluia to death Octauia his wife tooke all the rest and brought them vp with hers and maried Cleopatra Antonius daughter vnto king Iuba a maruelous curteous goodly Prince And Antonius the sonne of Fuluia came to be so great that next vnto Agrippa who was in greatest estimacion about Caesar and next vnto the children of Liuia which were the second in estimacion he had the third place Furthermore Octauia hauing had two daughters by her first husband Marcellus and a sonne also called Marcellus Caesar maried his daughter vnto that Marcellus and so did adopt him for his sonne And Octauia also maried one of her daughters vnto Agrippa But when Marcellus was deade after he had bene maried a while Octauia perceiuing that her brother Caesar was very busie to choose some one among his frends whom he trusted best to make his sonne in law she perswaded him that Agrippa should mary his daughter Marcellus widow and leaue her owne daughter Caesar first was contented withall and then Agrippa and so she afterwards tooke away her daughter and maried her vnto Antonius and Agrippa maried Iulia Caesars daughter Now there remained two daughters more of Octauia and Antonius Domitius AEnobarbus maried the one and the other which was Antonia so fayer and vertuous a young Ladie was maried vnto Drusus the sonne of Liuia and sonne in law of Caesar. Of this mariage came Germanicus and Clodius of the which Clodius afterwards
tell how to vse them he had chosen of good men he made them become euill so that neither the one nor the other coulde be the parte of a wise man For Plato him selfe reproueth him for that he had chosen suche men for his frendes that he was slaine by them and after he was slaine no man woulde then reuenge his death And in contrarie maner of the enemies of Brutus the one who was Antonius gaue his bodie honorable buriall and Octauius Caesar the other reserued his honors and memories of him For at Millayne a citie of GAVLEON ITALIE side there was an image of his in brasse verie like vnto him the which Caesar afterwardes passing that way behelde verie aduisedly for that it was made by an excellent workeman and was verie like him and so went his way Then he stayed sodainly againe and called for the Gouernors of the citie and before them all tolde them that the citizens were his enemies and traitors vnto him bicause they kept an enemie of his among them The Gouernors of the citie at the first were astonied at it and stowtlie denyed it and none of them knowing what enemie he ment one of them looked on an other Octauius Caesar then turning him vnto Brutus statue bending his browes sayd vnto them this man you see standing vp here is he not our enemie Then the Gouernors of the citie were worse affrayed then before could not tel what answere to make him But Caesar laughing and commending the GAVLES for their faithfulnes to their frendes euen in their aduersities he was contented Brutus image should stand still as it did THE LIFE OF Aratus CHrisyppus the Philosopher my frend Polycrates being affrayed as it seemeth of the euill sound of an auncient prouerbe not rightlie as it was spoken and in vse but as he thought it best he wrote in this maner VVhat children do their auncetors commend But those vvhom fortune fauors to the end But Dionysodorus TROEZENIAN reprouing him doth rehearse the prouerbe rightly as in deede it is VVhat children do their auncetors commend But those vvhose life is vertuous to the end Saying that this prouerbe stoppeth their mouthes who of them selues are vnworthie of praise and yet are still boasting of the vertues of their auncesters whose praise they hiely extoll But affore those that as Pindarus sayth Do match their noble auncetors in provvesse of their ovvne And by their frutes commend the stocke vvhence they them selues are grovvne As thy selfe that conformest thy life vnto the examples and maners of thy vertuous auncesters it is no small good happe for them often to remember the noble deedes of their parentes in hearing them spoken of or otherwise for them selues oftentimes to remember some notable doings of their parents For in them it is not for lacke of commendable vertues that they report others praise and glorie but in ioyning their owne vertues to the vertues of their auncesters they do increase their glorie as inheriting their vertuous life as challenging their discent by blood Therefore hauing wrytten the life of Aratus thy contrie man and one of thy auncesters whose glorie and greatnesse thou doest not blemishe I doe sende it vnto thee not that I thinke but that thou hast more diligentlie then any man else searched out all his deedes and sayings But yet bicause that thy two sonnes Polycrates and Pythocles reading and still hearing some thing reported might be brought vp at home by the example of their auncesters whose deedes shall lye before them to followe For he loueth him selfe more then he regardeth perfit vertue or his credit that thinketh him selfe so perfit as he neede not follow any others example The citie of SICYONE after it fell from her first gouernment of the optimacie and nobilitie which is proper to the cities of the DORIANS like an instrument out of tune it fell into ciuill warres and seditious practises through the Orators of the people and neuer ceassed to be plagued with those troubles and miseries alway chaunging new tyrannes vntill that Cleon being slaine they chose Timoclidas and Clinias their Gouernors two of the noblest men of greatest authoritie in all the citie Now when the common wealth beganne to grow to a certeine state of gouernment Timoclidas dyed and Abantidas the sonne of Paseas pretending to make him selfe Lord of the citie he slue Clinias and put to death some of his parentes and frendes draue away others and sought also to put his sonne Aratus to death that was then but seuen yeare old But in this hurly burly and tumult Aratus flying out of his fathers house among them that ranne away and wandering vp and downe the citie being scared and affrayed finding no man to helpe him by good fortune he gotte into a womans house called Soso which was Abantidas sister and wife vnto Periphantus his father Clinias brother She being of a noble minde and iudging that the childe Aratus by Gods prouidence fledde vnto her hidde him in her house and in the night secretlie sent him vnto the citie of ARGOS Now after that Aratus had scaped and was safe from this daunger from that time there bred in him a vehement malice against tyrannes the which still increased in him as he grewe in yeares So he was vertuouslie brought vp in the citie of ARGOS with his fathers frends and perceiuing with him selfe that he waxed bigge and strong he disposed his bodie to diuers exercises and became so excellent in them that he contended in fiue manner of exercises and oftentimes bare the best away And in his images and statues he appeared in face ful and well liking as one that fed well and the maiestie of his countenaunce argueth that he vsed suche exercise and suche commonly are large eaters From whence it came that he did not geue him selfe so muche to pleading as peraduenture was requisite for a Gouernor of a common wealth Howebeit some doe iudge by his Commentaries he wrote that he had an eloquenter tongue then seemed vnto some bicause he wrote them in hast hauing other busines in hand and euen as things came first into his minde But afterwards Dinias and Aristotle Logitian slue Abantidas who did commonlie vse to sit in the market place to heare their matters and to talke with them And this gaue them good meanes and oportunitie to worke their seate they did After Abantidas death his father Paseas possessed the tyrannie whom Nicocles afterwardes slue also by treason and made him selfe tyranne in his place It is reported that this Nicocles did liuelie resemble the countenaunce of Periander the sonne of Cypselus as Orontes PERSIAN was very like vnto Alcmaeon the sonne of Amphiaraus and an other young LACEDAEMONIAN vnto Hector of TROYA whom Myrsilus wryteth was troden vnder mens feete through the ouergreat presse of people that came to see him when they hearde of it This Nicocles was tyranne foure monethes together in the which
to dye Phocion gaue money to be put to death Phocions funeralls The percentage of Cato Liuius Drusus Catoes vncle Catoes maners VVhy quicke wits haue neuer good memorie Sarpedo Catoes scholemaister Catoes austeritie The maruelous constancie of Cato when he was a child Syllaes loue vnto Cato being but a boy Catoes hate being a boy against a tyran Catoes loue to his brother Antipater the Stoicke Catoes schoolemaister Catoes act for Basilica Porcia Catoes exercises Catoes drinking Ciceroes saying of Cato Catoes mariages Attilia Catoes wife Lelius mariage Catoes first souldierfare in the ware of the bondmen Cato chosen Tribunus milâ—â—an Howe Cato trained his men made them valliant The loue of vertue from whence it proceedeth Athenodorus the stoicke Catoes frend The death of Caepio Catoes brother Catoes mourning for his brother Capioes death * It seemeth to be mens of Caesar which wrote the booke called Anticaten Catoes iorney into Asia Catoes modestie A laughing matter hapned vnto Cato Demetrius a slaue great with Pompey Cato honored of Pompey in Asia Pompey rather suspected Cato then leued him Catoes iorney vnto king Deiotarus and his abstinence 〈…〉 gisu Cato made Quaestor Catulus Luctatius what he was Cato made the Quaestorshippe of great dignity Cato was reuenged of Syllaes bloody murthers Catoes notable leauing of his office Catoes care and imegritie to the commoÌ„ wealth Catoes minde and determination to take charge in the commoÌ„ wealth Cato draue Clodius out of Rome The authoritie and credit of Cato Cato tooke Philosophers with him wheÌ„ he went into the country The office authoritie of the Tribune what it is Catoes Tribuneship Cicero definded Muraena against his accuser Cato The conspiracie of Catilin against Rome Catoes oraetion against Caesar touching Catilins conspiracie Cicero taught them how to write briefly by notes and figures Cato vnfortunate in his wiues Martia Catoes wife Platoes felowship and communitie of women Cato perswaded corne to be distributed vnto the people Cato resisteth Metellus tribune of the people Iulius Caesar Praetor Catoes noble courage and constancie Catoes doings of Lucullus Cato resisteth Pompey Cato refuseth allyance with Pompey Lex agraria The allyance and friendship betwixt Caesar and Pompey Cicero by his oration brake Catoes stifnes Cato committed to prison by Caesar. P. Clodius Tribune of the people The crafty iugling betwixt Caesar and Pompey with P. Clodius Cato sent Ambassador into Cyprus Ptolomy king of AEgypt goeth vnto Cato Catoes diligence about money in Cyprus The enuy betwixt Cato Munatius To much loue oftentymes causeth hate Money gotten together by Cato in Cyprus Cato receiued into Rome with great honor of all the people VVhy Cato sued to be Praetor Cato put from the Praetorship by Pompey Cato was against the law for the prouinces of Pompey and Crassus Cato foreshewed Pompey the things which happened vnto him by Caesar Cato chosen Praetor Cato preserved a law for vnlawfull bribing The power of iustice M. Faonius Catoes frend Cato doth set forth the playes for Faonius AEdilis Catoes wise counsell for playes Pompey was created sole Consull by Catoes sentence Cato sued to be Consull to resist Caesar. Cato was denied the Consulshippe Cicero blameth Cato Catoes opinion against Caesar. Cato inueyeth against Caesar. Cato prognosticated Caesars tyrannie Cato followeth Pompey Caesar reproueth Catoes couetousnes Cato is sent into Sicile Cato leaueth Sicile Catoes law as in Pompeys army VVhy Pompey chaunged his minde for the gouernment of the army by sea VVhy Pompey left Cato at Dyrrachivm Cato saueth Ciceroes life from Pompeis sonne Cato went into Africke Psilles be men which heale the stinging of serpents * Men in olde time bathed and washed them selues then laied them downe in their bed to suppe The modestie and noble minde of Cato Cato ioyneth with Scipio in Africke Cato was made Gouernor of the city of Vtica Scipio despiseth Catoes counsell Catoes constancy in extremity Catoes 〈…〉 vnto the Romanes at Vtica The equity of Cato Cato forsaken of three hundred Romane marchant at Vtica Catoes pitie and regard vnto the Senators Cato an earnest suter for the Senators The sinceritie of Cato Catoes minde vnconquerable Cato reproueth the ambition of man. Statilius a follower of Cato Cato would not haue pardon begged of Caesar for him Cato forbad his sonne to meddle with matters of State in a corrupt time The paradoxes of the Stoicks Platoes dialogue of the soule Catoes last wordes vnto the Philosophers his frends Cato considered his sworde wherewith he killed him selfe The death of Cato Catoes funeralls Caesars saying vnto Cato the dead The sonne of Cato what conditions he had Psyche signifieth mind The death of Porcia the Daughter of Cato the youÌ„ger and wife of Brutus The death of Statilius The fable of Ixion against ambitious persons Theophrastus for the praise of vertue Immoderat praise very daungerous Phocions saying The fable of the Dragons head and taile Plutarch excuseth the Gracchi The lynage of Agis The lynage of Leonidas Aristodemus tyrant of Megalipolis Leonidas brought superfluitie and excesse into Sparta The continency of Agis The first beginning of the Lacedaemonians fall from their auncient discipline Lycurgus the â—ra for partition of landes broken by Epitadeus law Epitadues law for deuise of landes by will. Agis goeth about to reduce the common wealth of heer auncient estate How louing the Lacedamonians were vnto their wiues Agis law Pasiphaé the Daughter of Atlas Agis maketh his goods common Leonidas resisteth king Agis King Leonidas accused by Lysander Leonidas deprived of his kingdome Leonidas flyeth vnto Tegea King Agis deceiued by Agesilaus New lawes stablished by the Lacedaemonians Aratus generall of the Achaians King Agis iorney into AchaiaÌ„ King Agis gaue place vnto Araetus King Leonidas returneth from â—â—ile into Sparta The naturall loue of Chelonis Leonidas daughter vnto her father and husband The oration of Chelonis the Daughter of Leonidas The banishment of king Cleombrotus The great vertue and loue of Chelonis to her husband Cleombrotus Amphares betrayed king Agis King Agis caried vnto prison There the reuerent regard of the heatheÌ„ vnto the person of a king abhorring in lay violens handes vpon him King Agis her mother grandmother all three straÌ„gled The enemies did not willingly kill any king of Lacedaemon Here beginneth Cleomenes life Cleomenes the sonne of Leonidas Agiatis the Daughter of Gylippus and wife to king Agis Agiatis king Agis wife maryed vnto Cleomenes Sphaerus a Philosopher of Borysthenes Cleomenes did set the Lacedaemonians and Achaians together by the eares Cleomenes iorney into the contry of the Argiues The victorie of Cleomenes against Aratus The saying of the kings of Lacedaemon touching their enemies Archidamus king Agis brother slaine Lysiadas slaine Cleomenes victorie of the Achaians Lysiadas tyranne of Megalopolis gaue ouer his tyrannie and made it a popular state The dreame of one of the Ephores Cleomenes siue the Ephores Diuers teÌ„ples at Sparta of feare death such other fancies The valliantest men are most
the king of Persia Demosthenes praiseth them that were slaine at the battell of Chaeronea The death of Philip king of Macedon Demosthenes preferreth the ioy of his contrie before the sorow of his owne daughter AEschinesse proued by Plutarch for his fonde beleefe that blubbering and sorowing are signes of loue and charitie Plutarch praiseth Demosthenes constancie for leauing of his mourning to reioyce for his common contrie benefit Demosthenes raiseth vp the Graecians against Alexander Alexander required certaine Orators of Athens Demosthenes â—ale of the sheepe and woulues The iudgement of the crowne vnto Ctesiphon Harpalus a great money man came to Athens flying from Alexander Demosthenes bribed by Harpalus with oxenty â—ateâ— * This concelâ— can hardly be expressed in any other language then in Greeke For he sayth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 alloâ—ding to the verbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which signifieth to delight by pleasaunt speeche or sound Demosthenes banishment Demosthenes tooke his banishment grieuously Three mischieuous beasts Antipater besieged of the Athenians Demosthenes called home from exile Demosthenes fine of fiftie talentes remitted Archias Phygadotheras a hunter of the banished men Demosthenes dream Demosthenes taketh poyson to kill him selfe in the temple of Neptune in the I le of Calauria The death of Demosthenes The time of Demosthenes death The Athenians honored Demosthenes after his death * He sayth Antigonus in the life of Phocius Demades death and reward for his treason Ciceroes parentage Cicero why so called Cicero Quaestor Ciceroes birth An image appeared to Ciceroes nursâ— Ciceroes towardnes and wit. Cicero a notable Poet. Cicero Philoes scholler the Academicke Philosopher Cicero a follower of Mutius Scauola Roscius pâ—â— in siâ—â— Cicero a weake man. Cicero Antiochus scholler The commoditie of exercise Cicero goeth into Asia and to Rhodes Cicero declamed in Graeke Apollonius testimonie of Cicero An Oracle giuen to Cicero Ciceroes first practising in the common wealih Roscius and AEsopus comon players Cicero a fine Tawnser Cicero chosen Quaestor Ciceroes diligence iustice and lenitie Cicero ambitious desirous of praise Cicero geuen to know mens names their landes and frendes Ciceroes doings against Verres He spake it bicause the Iewes doe ease no swines flesh Cicero chosen AEdilis Ciceroes riches Ciceroes great curtesie and resorte Cicero chosen Praetor Licinius Macer condemned Cicero with one word pacified the offended Tribunes Cicero made Consul The conspiracy of Cateline Catalines wickedness C. Antonius and M.T. Cicero created Consuls Great troubles at Rome in the time of Ciceroes Consulshippe A law preferred for the creacion and authority of the Decemuiri Cicero by his eloquence ouerthrow the law of the Decemuiri Ciceroes swâ—â—â— tongue * Others â—â—â— say Lucius Roscius Otho Tribune of the people Roscius lawe for deuiding of the Roman Knights from the common people Syllaes souldiers conspired with Catiline Cicero examined Catalin in the Senate Syllanus and Murana and Consulls Letters brought to Crassus of Catilines conspiracie Fuluia betrayeth Catilines intent to kill Cicero Catiline departed Rome C. Lentulus why called Sura Oracles of three Cornelij that should raigne at Rome Great treason practised in Rome by C. Lentulus and Cethegus The conspiratours apprehended Syllanus sentence of the conspirators Caesar priuie to Catilines conspiracie Caesars opinion for the punishment of the conspirators The execution of the conspirators They liuedâ— A word vsurped for the dead Ciceroes praise Catilin slaine in battell by Antonius Caesar chosen Praetor Metellus and Bestia Tribunes of the people Cicero resigneth his office Ciceroes Consulship praised by Cato Cicero the first man called Father of the contry Cicero too much giuen to praise him self Cicero friendâ—y to praise others Cicero sayeth Demosthenes sleepeth in his orations Ciceroes subtile end pleasant â—â—â—ge The Stoickes opinion A wise man is euer riche * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Actius is a proper name of a Romane and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke signifieth worthyt So the grace of the equiuocation can not be expressed in any other language * Bicause the Africanes haue commonly their eares bored through The malice betwixt Cicero Clodius Cicero gaue euidence against Clodius The wicked parts of Clodius * Some olde bookes doe read Teritâ— Clodius 〈…〉 and found not gilty Caesars wordes of the putting away his wife Pompeia Clodius chosen Tribune of the people Piso and Gabinius Consuls Crassus Pompey and Caesar three of the greatest men in Rome tooke part with Clodius against Cicero Cicero accused of Clodius The knights of Rome and Senate chauÌ„ged garments for Ciceroes sake Pompey would not see Cicero being accused Ciceroes exile Hipponium alias Vibone a city in Luke A wonder shewed vnto Cicero in his exile Ciceroes faint hart in his exile The wonderfull power of glory Pompey chauÌ„ging mind doth fauor Cicero Lentulus Consul Cicero called home from banishment Cicero taketh away the tables of Clodius actes out of the Capitoll Clodius the Tribune slaine by Milo. Cicero fearefull in warres and timerous in pleading Cicero pleadeth Miloes case Cicero chosen Augure Ciceroes integritie for the gouernment of his prouinces MoÌ„â— Amanus Cicero called Imperator Cicero seeketh to pacifie the quarrell betwext Pompey and Caesar Ciceroes words of Pompey and Caesar. Cicero goeth vnto Pompey Cato gaue place to Cicero and offered him the charge of the nauy at Dyrrachium The force of Ciceroes eloquence how it altered Caesar. Ciceroes life vnder Caesar. Cicero did put away his wife Terentia Cicero maried a young maiden Cicero not made priuy to the conspiracie against Caesar. Priuate grudge betwext Antonius and Cicero Cicero saileth into Greece Ill will betwext Cicero Antonius Cicero and Octauius Caesar ioyned in frendship Ciceroes dreame of Octauius the adopted sonne of Iulius Caesar Octauius and Accia the parents of Octauius Caesar. Octauius Caesar was borne in the yere of Ciceroes Consulship Ciceroes great power â—â— Rome Octauius Caesar sueth to be Consul Octauius Caesar forsaketh Cicero Note the fickelnes of youth The meeting of the Triumuiri Antonius Lepidus Octauius Caesar Cicero appointed to be slaine Quintus Cicero slaine * Some doe read Cajete A wonderous matter foreshewed by crowes vnto Cicero Herennius Popilius sent to kill M. T. Cicero M.T. Cicero slain by Herennius Ciceroes head and hands set vp ouer the pulpit for Orations A strange and cruell punishmeÌ„t taken by Pomponia Quintus Ciceroes wife of Philologus for betraying of his maister Augustus Caesars testimony of Cicero Ciceroes sonne Consul with Augustus Caesar. The decree of the Senate against Antonius being dead Demosthenes eloquence Ciceroes rare and diuers doctrines Demosthenes and Ciceroes maners Demosthenes modest in praising of him selfes Cicero too fall of ostentacion Demosthenes and Ciceroes cunning in their Orations in the coÌ„mon wealth Authoritie sheweth ment vertues and vices Ciceroes abstinense freâ—â— money Demosthenes a money taker Diuers causes of the banishment of Demosthenes and Cicero The differeÌ„ce betwext Demosthenes and Ciceroes death How sences and artes doe agree differ The master of the SpartaÌ„s to