Here it appereth not to bee altogether a lye that is â—o commenly spoken in the prouerbe Like beareth loue vnto like like beareth fauour and loue vnto like For Alexâ—ander beeyng out of all measure desirous of renoume loued the sembleable affeccion and appetite in other persones Taxiles one of the kynges of India preseÌ„tyng hymself vnto Alexander This Taxiles as tâ—stifieth Plutarthus in the life of Alexanderâ— was a manne of singulare wisdome and sapienâ—e and had vnder his gouernauÌ„ce the more parte of India enuironed with al the whole circuite of the vniuersal couÌ„tree of Egypte a â—anke grouÌ„de for pasture an excellente good corne countree And of this Taxiles Alexandâ—r tooke many greate giftes and presentes and gaue to hym as many again and last of all sente vnto hym for a gifte a thousande talentes at ones spake vnto hym in this maner I ê“uoke the sir kyng saieth he not to fightyng nor yet to battail but to another sorte of tryyng maistries If thou be inferiour to me take some benefite at my haÌ„des if superiour let me receiue some bnÌ„fite at thine To whoÌ„ Alex. thus auÌ„swered Marie eueÌ„ for that veraye poynte ought we to striue together whether may in dooyng benefites haue the ouer haÌ„de of the other And herupon with al possible humanitee embracyng the said Taxiles he did not onely not depriue thesame of his domynioÌ„ but also gaue hym more to it WheÌ„ he had herde of a certain rocke in the Indies whiche by reasoÌ„ of the excedyng heigthe of it is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a rocke in the Indies byrdelesse as if ye would saie so high that the byrdes maye not geat to the toppe of it When Alexander had heard of this rocke that the place self was harde to bee woonne but the capitain that kept it to bee a fearfull feloe and to haue no more herte then a sheepe By this tyme ê™ Alexander the place is easie enough to bee gotten Signifiyng that fortresses municioÌ„s doo nothing auayle at al excepte an hardie maÌ„nes body defeÌ„d maintein thesame Fortresses municions do nothynge auaill excepte hardie valiaunte meÌ„nes bodyes defeÌ„de and mainâ—aiâ— thesame For a castle or any strong holde is not so sure and fafe from enemies by the fense of dyches and walles as by valiaunte and hardie mennes bodyes Plutarchus thus telleth thesame historie Alexander hauyng with siege encoumpaced the towne of one Sisimethres staÌ„dyng on a rocke impenetrable when he sawe his souldyers to bee of heauie â—here he demaunded of one Oxiartes what hertâ— and courage the said Sisimethres was of Oxiartes aunsweryng that he was the verayest dastarde aliue well then ê™ Alexander by thy saiyng yâ— rocke wil soone easily bee woonne forasmuche as the lorde therof is a cowarde and no manne of waâ—â—e And eueÌ„ so came it to passe for Sisimithres was with the onely manacyng thretenyng facyng of Alexander so feared that he yelded â— gaue vp his hold without any resistence at al. An other certain capitain wher he held and kepte a rocke vnpossible to be won as it was thought neuerthelesse submitted and yelded hymselfe into the handes of Alexander How Alexander vsed a capitaine that gaue hymself and his holde into his handes mercie But Alexander not onely did make thesame partie lorde gouernour of all that seignourie countree about but moreouer spake saide as foloeth I holde this manne sapiente and wise in that he thought better and had more phansie to putte his trust affiaunce in an honest and a good manne then in a place strong and well fensed After the takynge of a certain strong holde or fortresse standyng on a rocke when the frendes of Alexander saied that in featesmarcial and in noble actes of prowesse he ferre surmounted Hercules Alexander coÌ„teÌ„ned Hercules in reâ—pecte of hymselfe Nay ê™ he I thynke the actes that I haue doone sens I haue been a kynge are totoo ferre oddes to bee in the waye of coÌ„parison conferred with the thynges whiche Hercules did in his tyme The mynd of Alexander no fâ—aterie was enough to satisfie The other spake to flater hym but the mynd of Alexander no flaterie was enough to satisfie Certain of his frendes he punyshed by the purse and putte to their fine because he had perceiued theÌ„ in plaiyng at dyce not to play for pastyme How Alexander vsed certain of his freÌ„des for beeyng ouer earnest in playyng at dyce as meete was For many there been that bestowe vse themselfes in this game as if it were in the moste earnest mater of the worlde For those persones dooe not playe who dooen hasard and auenture all their substaunce at ones The incommoditees that come by plaiyng at dyce yea and sometymes their soones and heyres too too stande to the grace and direccion of the dyce At lest wyse homely playe it is and a madde pastyme where menne by the course of the game goo together by the eares and many times murdre one another or at lestwyse of â—yght louyng freÌ„des are made mutuall enemies all dayes of their life after Emong those whom he reputed and tooke for his principall frendes or chief seruauÌ„tes about hym and most of power he shewed him selfe to honour Graterus aboue the rest Alexander of al his frendes and true seruauÌ„tes moste honoured Craterê° but moste loued Hephaestion but aboue all others to loue Hephaestion For Craterus saieth he loueth the kyng and Hephaestion loueth Alexander This saiyng hath more grace in the greke by reason of these twoo woordes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Craterus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hephaestion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The menyng of Alexander was that Craterus in suche thynges as concerned his dignitee royall did the partes of a true faythfull frende but Hephestion of a certain priuee affeccion to beare his hertie loue and beneuolence towardes the persone of Alexander without the respecte that he waâ— a kyng Wherfore these twoo parties whose loue and affeccion towardes hym proceded of vnlike respectes he did after two soondrie sortes egually rewarde either accordyng to his demerites * So high in dignitee and autoritee wer these twoo with Alexander that all the Macedonians whiche had any suite â—o the courte wer from tyme to â—yme assigned to fette their aunswer and despeche at the handes of Craterus and all the Barbarians of Hephaestion And so highly did the kyng honoure Craterus that when thesame Craterus was on a tyme sore sicke Alexander did openly muche sacrifice to the Goddes for his helthe wrote letters with his owne hande to Pausanias his physician that he should with all diligence and attendauÌ„câ— possible not onely tempre drynkes and medecines for hym but also bee presente with hym to teache hym how thesame should â—ee receiued For Craterus he auaunced to high dignitees HephestioÌ„ he receiued to moste entiere
the wynter seasoÌ„ and in sharpe colde weather feasted by a certain freÌ„de of his and sawe there a litle litle herthe in thesame a litle preatie small fyer he saied How Alexander noted a frende of his to plaie the niggarde of his woodde Sers either laye on woodde or cast in frankincense Half geuyng a checke vnder a colour that the feaster or banquetter plaied as muche the niggarde of his woodde Unseasonable housbandrie as if thesame had been frankincense wheras in suche extreme colde euen veraye frankinceÌ„se ought not to haue been spared and farther signifiyng that there was fyer sufficieÌ„t for makyng incense to the goddes but not enough to defend and keepe awaye colde WheÌ„ he supped on a tyme at the hous of Antipatrides and thesame had brought in before Alexander at the supper a passyng faire damysel beeyng a mynion dooer in syngyng Alexander beeyng rauyshed with the sight of her was soodainly striken with hotte burnyng loue And anon demaunded of Antipatrides whether he for his owne parte wer not ferre in loue with the damysell The contineÌ„cie and greate chastite of Alexander Antipatrides plainly confessyng that yes Alexander saied O vngracious manne wilt thou not with all haste haue her away from the table and this coumpaignie How ferre was thâ—t herte and mynde from defylyng an other mannes wedded wife whiche stood in so greate feare of hymself lest he should fall ouer ferre in loue with the lemaÌ„ of his frende makyng hym a supper At what tyme Alexander reuersed backe again to the sea to departe out of his armie as many of the Macedonians as wer sickely maimed and feble or impoteÌ„te of their lymmes there was one persone bewraied Plutarchus in the life of Alexander nameth this maÌ„ Eurylochus that had billed hymself in the noumbre of the sickefolkes wheras in deede he had no disease nor ympedimente at all This manne when he was brought to the sight and presence of Alexander and beeyng examyned did coÌ„fesse that he had made a pretexte and sembleaunce of a disease or maladie for the loue of a woman called Telesiâ—pa who was gon afore towarde the sea Alexander asked to whom might bee committed the charge to commaunde the saied Telesippa to returne backe again to the armie supposyng that she had been bondewoman to one or other of his souldyers But when he had due knowelage that shee was no bondewoman but fre born why ê™ Alexander theÌ„ leat vs o Antigenes for that was the feloes name entreacte and by fair meanes perswade Telesippa to tarrye still with vs. For by force or violence to compell hir therunto beeyng a free womanborne in no wise lyeth in vs. Alexander would not enforce or compell any persone free borne In suche sorte did he fauour the loue of a stoute and valiaunt manne of warre whom he was desirous to kepe still in his armie that neuerthelesse he would not the freeborne womaÌ„ to come backe again but if she might bee brought iÌ„ mynde so to dooe with hir owne consente and agremente When the grekes that tooke waiges to fight against Alexander vnder the baners of his enemies wer come vnder his power and iurisdiccion How Alexander vsed the Grekes whiche toke waiges of his enemies to fight against hym as for the Atheniens he commaunded to bee laied fast in shaccles and fetters because that wher thei might haue had waiges competente at home at the publique charges of their owne citee thei had for all that become souldyers with his enemies Of the ThessaliaÌ„s also he commaunded thesame for asmuche as thei hauyng a right fertile countree of their owne did lâ—at it lye waste without bestowyng any tillage or housbandrie vpon it but the * When the Thebanes became rebelles against Alexander and had procured vnto thesame the aide and helpe of the AthenieÌ„s AleaÌ„xder with a greate puissaunce laied siege to the citee of Thebes And yet willyng to geue them space to repente their foly and by submyttyng theim selfes to be reconciled offreed theim bothe pardone that present from thens forth for to be free vpon condicion to deliuer into his handes Phoenix and Prothyâ—es who had been the autours of the defeccion The Thebanes on their partie required of Alexander to haue deliuered to theim Philotas Antipater twoo of the Capitaines of Alexander and made an open proclamacioÌ„ that whosoeuer was desirous to haue all the countree of Grece to bee sette in their olde state of freedome should come and take their parte Then Alexander with al his power of â—he Macedonians sette vpon theim The Thebanes wer nothyng slacke but foughâ— stoutely valyauntly against their enemies beeyng in nouÌ„bre ferre mo then thei wer But anon came in vpon theim at their backes others of the Macedoniâ—ns so in fine wer thei beaâ—en down their citee taken spoyled and destroyed bothe stiecke and stone The Atheniens he perdoned by this acte he putte all Grece in suche terrour that thei laie al quiete and durst not 〈◊〉 to stiere against hym Thebanes he demised and leat goo at their libertee saiyng These poore solles are by vs put out of all together nor haue any thyng at all leaft vnto theim nether citee to dwell in nor lande to till So did he moderate the punyshemente of theim all The moderacion of peine ministreed by Alexander vnto the Grekes that had highly offended hym that those persones who had well deserued to dye he commaunded no more but to bee laied in irons and the faulte of theim whiche might iustely make their excuse that by veraye necessitee thei had been driuen to dooe as thei did he laied from theim and tooke vpoÌ„ hymself A certain Indian taken in the warres bearyng name of a feloe perelesse in the feacte of shootyng in so muche that by the commen reporte and bruite that went on hym he could as oft as hym lusted shoote his aroe quite clene eueÌ„ through a ryng Alexander commaunded to shewe a poynte of his cunnyng And where the partie refused so to dooe the kyng takyng therewith high displeasure and angre commaunded that he should bee put to death As he was in ledyng to the place of execucion he saied to theim that ledde hym that he had not of long tyme afore practised his feacte of shootyng and by reason therof to haue stand iÌ„ feare lest he should haue myssed When woorde herof was brought backe again and relacion made vnto Alexander that the feloe had not of any disdeigne or frowardenesse refused to shoote but onely for feare of beeyng opeÌ„ly shamed for euer if he should haue failled the kyng hauyng woundre at the nature of the feloe so desireful of glory and renoume Glorie renoume is to many ê‘sones more sweete then life both gaue vnto the same perdone of his life and also dimissed hym bounteously rewarded because he had been iÌ„ mynde and will rather to suffre death theÌ„ to appere vnworthie the name fame that went on hym
in so victorious a prince yea ymmediately vâ—on so noble a conquest as might in a ChristiaÌ„ prince perchaunce bee an occasion of insolencie some cause of forgetâ—yng hymself he woulde bidde theim good morowe good eueÌ„ or good spede not castyng his yie on theim but lookyng downe to the grounde and that but sealdome neither standyng in fear of hymselfe to bee rauished with their excellente beautie And emoÌ„ges his familiares these wordes folowyng were muche in his mouthe The damyselles of Persia maken sore yies He gaue streight charge commaundemente by proclamacion Alexander gaue charge by proclamacion not to be peinted but of Apelles nor to bee engrauen in metall but by Lysippus that his physiognomie or porturature should not be draweÌ„ by any other peinter then by * Apelles the moste excelleÌ„t pâ—inter of the old tyme and Lysippus the best statuarie Apelles nor engrauen or cast in brasse or other metal by any other persone then by Lysippus Beyng the twoo principall and moste exceâ—lent werkemeÌ„ of that same tyme. For he iudged that same poynte also to appertein to the dignitee of a prince And with Cherilus the poete he was at a couenaunte that thesame for euery good verse that he made should receiue a * By a Philippes gildrâ—n is not mened here the coyne that is nowe curraunt in Flaundres by that appellacion but an olde coyne of fyne golde in whiche was striken the ymage of Philippus father vnto Alexander whiche coyne Budeus valueth at tenne frenche crounes philippes gildreÌ„ and for euery eiuill verse a good buffet Beyng asked the question in what place he had his treasoures lyyng in the handes of my frendes A mannes gooddes are no whermore safely laied vp theÌ„ in the handes of his frendes ê™ he Signifiyng that a maÌ„nes gooddes are nowhere more safely then so laied vp in store For wheÌ„ the case requireth gooddes so bestowed come again to ones handes with encreasse When a certain persone that had brought some message or tydynges came rennyng towardes hym hoppyng for ioye holdyng out his haÌ„de as ferre as he could stretche it The zele of Alexander towardes Homere about to make relacion of the good successe procedyng of his affaires Alexander saied what greate good newes haue ye to shewe vs good sir if ye dooe not bryng woorde that Homere is aliue again Signifiyng that all the glorie of his noble actes was like to perishe neuer after to bee spoken of onlesse it might bee his happe to haue suche a trumpette of his laudes as * In the werke of Homere entitleed Ilias are moste excelleÌ„tly described and sette out the actes the laudes and the prowesse marciall of Achilles to his ymmortall glorie and renoume For whiche câ—use Alexander had suche loue and zele towardes the said poete that wheresoeuer he wente he carryed thesame his werke entitleed Ilias euermorâ— about hym in the daye tyme â— in the night vsed euermore to haue his dagguer and the said Ilias of Homere lyyng vnder his bolster at his beddes hedde So desirous he was of honour renoume and eternall memorie and to bee sette out of the best and moste cunnyng dooers as maye appere by somethynges afore meâ—cioned and also by the .xlix. saiyng of this Alexander Homere was A certain countree to the ende that it might haue quiete reste no more to bee vexed with the armure and ordeinauÌ„ce of Alexander What AlexaÌ„der auÌ„swered to a certain citee offreyng hym parte of their landes halfe their gooddes to bee in reste and quiete offred vnto thesame a good porcion of their possessions and also the one moytie of all the other gooddes that thei had To whom Alexander thus aunswered I am come into Asia in this mynde and purpose not to take what liked you to geue me but that ye should haue what liked me to leaue vnto you Alxander had in seruice one Eudemonicus ☞ Parasites wer called suche smelle feastes as would seeke to bee free geastes at riche mennes tables Who to the ende yâ— thei might at all tymes bee welcome would speake altogether for to please and to delite the riche folkes flatreyng theim and holdyng vp their yea and naye whatsoeuer thei saied were it â—euer so contrarie to reason truthe or likelyhood a philosophier Eâ—demonicus a philosophier in seruice with AlexaÌ„der a great flaterer Albeit Plutarchê° maketh Anaxarchus yâ— sophiste speaker of these woordes but more full of flaterie then any parasite This Eudemonicus on a tyme wheÌ„ it thoundreed veray sore in somuch that al the coumpaignie wer right eiuil afraied saied vnto Alexander the soonne of Iupiter why dooe not yee also Alexander the soonne of Iupiter thouÌ„dre in this wyse But the other not hable to abide the woordes of such a vile philosopher laughed saied for I am not willyng to be terrible as thou teachest me to be which biddest me to make a supper seruice for my table with the heddes of dukes kynges Thus dooeth * Athenaeus a greke historiographier Athenaeus reherse it But Plutarcus in the life of Alexander telleth it somewhat variyng from this The tendre loue of AlexaÌ„der towardes his lordes What art yâ— angrye with me because I am serued at my table with fishe not rather with the heddes of noble meÌ„ne Alexander as he conueighed his host from place to place in the wynter season The exceding humanitee of Alexander tendrenesse ouer his souldyours sittyng by a fyer made in the felde begoonne to take vieue of his armie as thei passed by And wheÌ„ he espyed a certain aged persone quakyng and sheureyng for colde seekyng to haue a place to stand in by the fyer he commauÌ„ded the feloe to sitte down in his chaire saiyng Emong the Persianâ— it was a mater of death for anâ— priuate ê‘sone to sitte in the kynges seate If thou haddest been born in Persis it would cost the thy hedde to sitte in the kynges seate but for one born in Macedonia it is not vnleefull Alexander beeyng yet but euen a young striepleyng when he sawe his father Philippus about to reiecte and cast awaye as a thyng that would neuer bee brought to dooe any good seruice an * This horse was called Bucephalus as ye would saie in englyshe bulles hedde either of his ougly looke or â—ls of the figure and priente of a bulles hedde with an hotte iron marked on his shoulder One Philonicus a Thessalian had bought hym for .xiii. talentes purposely to the vse of kyng Philippus But after this facte Alexander had the horse and vsed hym for his owne sadle in al his warres afterwarde vntil the horse was thirtie yeres olde And then was he dedly wounded in a certain battaille and had muche cure dooen vpon hym to saue hym but it would not bee The death of Bucephalus Alexander tooke as heauyly as if he had lost one of his nighest and derest frendes in so muche that
am which neuer learned to swymme euen with a tryce laiyng his bodie vpoÌ„ his shielde or terguette in stede of a corke to staye him aboue water he swimmed ouer the floodde first of all his owneselfe Makyng a iourney to Troye there arriued he decked and trymmed the ymage of Achilles with garlandes and saied oh happie arte thou Achilles AlexaÌ„der pronouÌ„ced Achilles happie yâ— euer he was borne that euer thou were borne to whom in thy lyfe tyme it fortuned to haue suche a frende Patroclus yâ— freÌ„de of Achilles in his life tyme and Homere the â—rouÌ„pette of his renoume after his death after thy deceasse suche a troumpette and displaier of thine actes Speakyng of Patroclus of Homere of whiche the one was vnto Achilles a most faythefull and trustie frende and the other throughall his whole werke entitleed Ilias coÌ„teining .xxiiii. volumes spredeth and bloweth about al the worlde his glorie renoume nowe when he is deade and gon * Patroclus a Locrensian the soonne of Menetius when hâ— had dooen a murdre in his owne countree fled into the countree of Thessalia vnto Peleus yâ— kyng there to whose soonne Achilles he was derely beloued and a mutuall louyng frende to hym again for he would neuer after forsake Achilles but went with thesame to the battaille of Troye And when Achilleâ—â—for displeasure and angre that AgamemnoÌ„ kyng of Grece had parforce taken awaye his paramour Briseis woulde no more fight against yâ— Troianes but did a long tyme forbeare refuse to come foorth of his pauilioÌ„ vnto bataille Patroclus did on his owne bodye the armure and harnesse of Achilles myndyng thereby to make the Troianes afeard for of all thynges in the worlde thei could not abyde the sight of Achillesâ— he byckered and fought with the Troianes and was slain with the handes of Hector Wherefore Achilles to auenge his death bethought hymself again and returned to bataille and slewe Hector and buiried Patroclus honourably and oft â—ymes did muche sacrifice to the Goddes at his â—oumbe Where he was by the coÌ„mune talkyng of many one reported to bee a god By what argumentes Aleâ—aÌ„der perceiued his mortalitee he saied that by twoo thynges especially he did wel perceiue himself to bee a maÌ„ne or creature mortal that is to wete by slepe by compaigniyng with women For that these twoo thynges did principally aboue all others discrye the feblenesse of mannes bodye As touchyng all thynges els he was inuiÌ„cible For slepe is an ymage and representacion of death Slepe an ymage of death and the venereous acte a spiece of the fallyng eiuill and the acte of venereous copulacion a plaine spiece of the fallyng eiuill Plutarcâ—â— addeth hereunto that onely the infirmitee and wekenesse of mannes nature is the bredeâ— and cause of werynesse and of carnall pleasure Beyng entreed into the palaice of Darius What AlexaÌ„der saied wheÌ„ he sawe yâ— palaice of Darius so gorgeously appoyinted wheÌ„ he sawe a chaumbre of a greate highthe in thesame the bedde of estate yâ— tables to eate on and all other thynges after a woondreful gorgeous sorte furnished eueÌ„ to the pointe deuise why ê™ Alexander was this to bee a kyng Estemyng that it was vnmeete for a kyng to geue himselfe to suche maner delices Unmete for a kyng to geue hymsâ—lfelf to delices Thesame Alexander whensoeuer he went vnto his bedde he would of a custome diligently serche his robes and al his wearyng geare Alexander abhorred â—ffeminate delices saie hath not my mother trowe wee putte some poynte of delicatenesse or some superfluous thyng here aboute my clothes So greatley did he abhorre from delices more apperteinyng to women then to menne Beeyng brought vnto his handes a litle caskette or gardeuiauÌ„ce in whiche there was not founde emonge all that other rychesse of Darius any one iewel either more precious The precious casket or deske or â—â—aÌ„â—dishe of Darius orels more goodly to the yie When the questioÌ„ was moued vnto what vse it myght best bee applyed eche maÌ„ne geuing one thys auise another that It wylbee the best thyng in the world ê™ Alexander wherin to kepe the Ilias of Homere How Alexandâ—r estemed the Ilias of Homere why Estemyng no treasure to bee more precious then the saied booke Suche was the conceipte of this kynge beeyng in his lustie youth and wholly in all behalfes framynge hymselfe after the paterne of Achilles When Parmenio gaue thesame Alexander counsaill to set vpon his enemies by night allegeyng that otherwyse it woulde bee a veraye great dauÌ„ger if he should openly by daye time auenture batail vpoÌ„ so greate a multitude for of the roumbleyng noyse reboundynge from a ferre as it had been the roryng of the sea thei myght coniecture the contrarie parte to bee in maner a nouÌ„bre infinite he saied The animositee of Aleander I came not hither to steale the victorie Refusyng to wynne the victorie by the defense or aide of the darkenesse When he had read a long bible writen and sent to hym from Antipater Antipater surmuâ—sed false accusacioÌ„s against Olympias the mother of Alexander in whiche lettres wer conteined many surmised maters false complaintes againste his mother Olympias It appereth ê™ he to be a thyng to Antipater vnknowen that one teare of my mothers yien Howe muche Olympias might dooe with Alexander with one â—ere of hir yies shal at all tymes washe awaye all epistles that come bee thei neuer so many When he had perceiued and found that his sistur vsed wanton coÌ„uersacion with a certain young maÌ„ne of excelleÌ„te beautie he tooke no displeasure there with but saied to bee a thyng reasonable or to be a thyng to bee borne withall that shee also shoulde in some behalfe haue prerogatiue to take fruicion of beeing a princesse in a royalme forasmuche as shee was a kynges doughter Beeyng of a muche contrarie mynde to Augustus Emperour of Rome Read of this the vii.xlv.xlvi and .xliiii apophthegmes of Augustuâ— who toke nothyng more greuously theÌ„ the lasciuiousnesse of his doughter and of his doughters doughters When he had heard the philosophier Anaxagoras holding opinioÌ„ mainteining in a certein lecture The insaâ—iable ambicioÌ„ desiâ—e of empier that reigned in Alexander that ther wer worldes out of nouÌ„bre the reporte gooeth that he fell on wepyng And to his frendes demauÌ„dyng whether any mischauÌ„ce had befallen him meete to wepe for he saied haue I not trowe ye a good cause to wepe in that wheras there been worldes innumerable I am not yet come to be ful lorde of one Philippus at the fighting of a certain felde receiued of the Triballes a sore wounde The Triballes a people nigh vnto Hungarie by hauyng a spere thrust quite and clene through his thighe And beeing afterwarde by the cure and helpe of hys surgeon saued Philippuâ— wounded in fightynge a felde against the Triballes and recouered
bought Tushe ê™ Diogenes what mater maketh that sens that fishes after what facion so euer thei lyen bee bought vp Notyng the folyshenesse of the commen people whiche gooyng about to bye a bondmaÌ„ wylbee wise and well aware that no faulte of the bodye maye escape vnespied The habite of the mynde is best perceiued by a maÌ„nes talkyng will not with like prouision caucion serche and trye what state case the mynde is in And as for the habite of the mynde is moste euideÌ„tly perceiued by a mannes communicacioÌ„ talkyng And not by sittyng or standyng He saied that it seemed to hym a meruaillous mater that whereas menne would not bye a potte or a potteled The ouâ—â—sight of many persones in bying of menne but well tryed with knockyng on it orels by the tyncklyng soune therof in bying a manne thei could bee contented and satisfied with onely lookyng on hym with their yie Signifiyng that a manne is by nothyng in the worlde better knowen then by his communicacioÌ„ A maÌ„ne is by no thyng better knowen then by his coÌ„municacion Therfore like as thei that goo about to bye an yearthen potte or vessell for an orkyn dooe knocke vpon it with their knuccle by the soune that it geueth dooe soone disterne whether it bee whole of suche claye or metalle as it should bee seasoned in the keil or not so before that thei bye a manne with poundes moo then one or twoo meete it wer to prouoke the partie to speake to tell one tale or other and by his talkyng to fynd out what maner feloe he is To the selfsame purpose apperteineth the saiyng nexte afore A fyshe is dumme and cannot speake neither maketh it any force how thesame lyeth on the stalle forasmuche as nomanne cane make therof any thyng but a fyshe SeÌ„bleably it is no mater ne difference at all of what habite plâ—ight or complexion of bodye ye bye a maÌ„ne if ye bye hym neuer hearyng hym speake Unto Xeniades by whom he was bought he saied Sir ye must remedylesse bee obediente to me and rewled by me allthough beeyng now your bondeseruaunte in consideracion that whoso hath to his bondeseruaunte a shipmaister The maister ought to bee auised by his seruaunte if he bee wyse or a physician is of force driuen to bee rewled by thesame if he bee disposed to haue any commoditee or profitable seruice of hym The reporte goeth that in the hous of thissame Xeniades he contynued and liued vntill he was a veraye aged manne and was there buiryed of his owne scholares And beeyng asked by Xeniades how his desire was to bee buiryed How Diogenes desired to bee buiried grouelyng ê™ he with my face toward the grouÌ„de And to thesame Xeniades demauÌ„dyng the cause why he saied for ere long tyme to an ende it will come to passe that those thynges whiche now lyen downward shal bee turned vpward Alludyng herunto that at that presente season yâ— Macedonians had gotten the ouer hande vpon the Atheniens and had achiued to the empier of all Grece and of in maner vilaines or slaues thei wer become veraye haulte and froÌ„ veraye basse thei wer mounted to high domynion The Macedonians conquered all Grece and helde the domynion of thesame in yâ— tyme of Diogenes That if all thynges should so bee turned vp side down it should saunce faill come to passe that his dedde carkesse also should ere many dayes after bee turned from lyyng grouuleyng to liyng with the face vpward Percase his menyng was this to bee no mater to bee passed on after what maner of liyng or facion the dedde bodye bee putte in yâ— graue about whiche mater greate was the supersticion of the moste part of people The maner of buiriyng iÌ„ olde tyme. for thei wer carried to their buiriall with their feete liyng forth towarde yâ— towne gate thei wer burned in maner of staÌ„dyng vpright and at this daye the Iewes as I heare saye are putte in their graues as if it wer standyng on their fâ—ete at lest wise yâ— Christians euery one of theim without excepcion are laied in their graues with their faces vpward The Iewes are buiryed as it wer staÌ„dyng on their feete and the Christians with their faces vpward Standyng on a tyme in the open mercate place he cryed with a loude voice Approche ye meÌ„ne approche ye meÌ„ as though he had had some earnest mater to saye vnto the people And when thei had gathered veraye thicke about hym and he for all that ceassed not but still cryed approche ye meÌ„ne certain of theim takyng greate indignacion at the mater aunswered loe here wee bee saye thy mynde Then Diogenes dryuyng theim awaye with a staf saied I bade menne to approche and not dounge hylles or draffesackes He thought not the name of a manne to bee a congruente or a right name for suche persones as liued not accordyng to reason but were leden and rewled by sensual mocions Thei that liuen not accordyng to reason but are leden by sensuall affectes and passions are not worthie to bee called menne and pangues after the maner of swyne and other brute beastes Alexander Magnus when he was at the citee of * Corinthus sometyme a right noble a riche citee in Achaiaâ— situate and lyyng betwene two seas the one called Aegeum and the other Ionium a marte towne of greate haunte It was first builded by Sisyphus the sonne of Aeolus and called Corcyra After that it was called Ephyre Then was it destruied and eftsons reedifyed by one Corinthus the sonne of Orestes and called Corinthus Then was it yet again burned clene destruied by the Romaines and finally reedified by Augustus Emperour of Roome Corinthus wente vnto Diogenes sittyng in his tubbe Alexander talked familiarly many thynges with Diogenes sittyng in his tubbe talked familiarely with hym many thynges from whom after that he was departed to his familiarâ— freÌ„des takyng high disdeigne and indignacion that beeyng a kyng he had dooen so muche honoure to suche a doggue as Diogenes Howe highly Aleâ—aÌ„der Magnus estemed the philosophicall mynde of Diogenes who would not vouchesalue so muche as ones to aryse vp from his taille to dooe his duetie of humble obeysaunce to so greate a prince he sayed wel yet for al that wer I not Alexander I would with all my hert bee Diogenes So meruaillous highly did he esteme Nothynge more like to a kyngdoÌ„ then a true philophical mynde that same the mynd and herte of thesame Diogenes constitute and beeyng in moste perfecte freedome and ferre surmountyng the coumpace or reache of al worldly or traÌ„sitorie thynges that he iudged nothyng to bee more like to a kyngdome or empierâ— The principall and chief felicitee of kynges The priÌ„cipall and chief felicitee of kynges What highe coÌ„moditees redoundeth of philosophie is that thei owgh seruice or homage to no yearthly creature but whatsoeuer thyng standeth with their
that he slewe a feerse Lyon in the forest of Nemea worâ— the skynne of thesame as a thyng woonne by strong hand in that wede or habite he is sette out in all imagerie or pictures of hangynges or peinted clothes Hercules The selfsame maye bee saied to those persones that with monstreous disguysyng of their vesture professen holinesse their maner of liuyng beeyng nothyng auÌ„swerable to thesame When certain coumpaignie had greate communicacion of Callisthenes the philosphier Diogenes thought not theim moste blissed that liâ—ed in kynges courtes that he was happye fortunate and euen in heauen forthat he was in the courte of kyng Alexander with muche high fare and preparacion entreteined No Marie ê™ Diogenes he is in wreched case and in miserable condicion forthat he must bee fain to take his dyner and his supper when pleaseth Alexander Menyng nothyng to bee in the state of perfecte blisse if libertee bee awaye Nothyng iâ— in the state of perfecte blisse if libertee bee awaye This is Callisthenes the disciple of Aristotle whom Alexander at last did cast in prieson Callisthenes the disciple of Aristotle at length cast in prieson by Alexander where he perished and dyed Some writers for Callisthenes dooe putte Aristotle hym self of whose singular good fortune and happe when coumpaignie made muche talkyng for that he liued familiarly with a kynges soonne yea ê™ Diogenes Aristotle dineth at suche houre as pleaseth Alexander and Diogenes when pleaseth Diogenes If Diogenes at any tyme stood in greate neede of money he would take it of his frendes But to suche persones as with many checkyng woordes did as ye would saie bayte hym for that contrarie to the dignitee and honestee of a philosophier he would after yâ— maner of beggers aske and craue No ê™ he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 repetere A philosophier dooeth not begge but requireth his owne duetie I dooe not aske their almes but I require my duetie For the latin woorde repetere is vsed in his propre significacion when we demaunde or require to haue rendreed or redeliuered vnto vs any thyng whiche either by the waye of loue orels by leauyng it in the custodie or kepyng of an other persone is out of our owne haÌ„des And one frende geuyng to an other that is in necessitee dooeth not geue a free gifte but reÌ„dreeth or paieth home again that he owghed by true debte For whosoeuer in suche a case dooeth kepe or restreigne his money thesame dooeth wrongfully detein withhold that is none of his owne propre gooddes Who so restreigneth kepeth from his frende in tyme of necessitee with holdeth that is none of his owne but due to an other bodye When a certain young manne beeyng kembed piked and decked all of the mynioÌ„ tricke had moued putte foorth a fonde or peuyshe question to Diogenes certes ê™ he I will make you no aunswer to your question till by takyng vp or dooyng abrode your clothes ye shall haue shewed whether ye bee a manne or a woman By his apparell and araye nothyng fitte ne comely for a manneâ— Ouercutious apparell argueth wantonesse and nycitee he noted yâ— effeminate wantonesse and nycitee of the partie To an other young manne feactely and trickely representyng at the baines a certain lastiuious playe whiche to exhibite the grekes callen ☞ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was a foolysh game yâ— louers had and vsed to playe at dyners suppers other banquettes by the bobleyng that the drynke made whiche remained in the cuppe after thei had dronkeÌ„ for the drynke that was left they would cast vp on high and by the clockyng plashyng or soune that it gaue in the falle thei would take a significacioÌ„ whether their louers wer true to them or not And therof 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to playe that kynde of play◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sirrha youÌ„g manne ê™ Diogenes the better ye dooe the wurse it is Utterly dissallowyng condemnyng the feacte which of it self was vnhonest and naught of whiche sorte is also playing at dyce wherin the more cunnyng werkemanne that euery persone is the wurse manne is he and the lesse honest As it fortuned Diogenes to bee presente and to make one emong the moo at a dyner the coumpaigniâ— callyng hym doggue How Diogenes serued a certain coumpaignie that cast bones to hym as if he had been a doggue cast bones to hym in derision in consideracion that thesame is a thyng customably vsed to bee dooen to doggues But he in departyng from the coumpaignie pissed vpon euery of the geastes that sate at the table behinde at their backes signifiyng thesame also to bee one other propretee belongyng to doggues The oratours other persones dooyng all thynges for glorie renoume Diogenes called by a woorde that might bee taken in a double sense 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thris double menne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oratouâ—s and other persones dooyng al thynges for glorie Diogenes called thris double menne For as the commen sorte of people denyeth that persone to bee a man that is neither learned nor yet of gentle condicions so did the philosophier call hym a miser that had no qualitee aboue the coÌ„men rate of manne For accordyng to the saiyng of Homere No liuyng creature is more miserable then manne Manne of all creatures moâ—â—e miser And therfore thris double menne Diogenes called thris double misers as the whiche bestowed applyed al their studies vpon a thyng of moste vanitee in the worlde wer as bonde seruauntes or pages to the multitude of the grosse people beeyng a beaste of many heddes The people a beaste of many heddes A certain riche manne hauyng nomaner knowelage ne learnyng at all yet gooyng in gorgeous gallauÌ„t apparel he called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Riche persones voide of learnyng Diogenes called sheepe with golden flyces a sheepe with a golden flyce For in the poetes it is found written that ‡ Suche a sheepe was in Colchos whose flyce Iason by the helpe of Medea the kynges doughter fet awaye sleayng the bulles dragon that kepte it suche maner shepe haue been And those persones who wer sely poore solles and had no more store of witte then thei must needes occupie were eueÌ„ then and yet styll are in all toungues and places by a commen prouerbe called sheepes heddes or sheepe Passyng by the hous of a certain prodigall and ryottous persone where it was writen vpoÌ„ the doore this hous is to bee sold if any man will bye it Yea by my feith ê™ Diogenes I espyed veraye wel and prophecied iÌ„ my mynde Ryot and ê“digalitee causeth menne to spue vp whol houses that by reason of thyne vnmeasurable gourmauÌ„dyng and surfaictyng thou wouldest at laste spue vp some house For he had alreadye consumed and deuoured his hous before he offreed thesame to sale by settyng that inscripcion vpon the doore So that it might more truely bee called
is noâ—thyng but that with gold it maye be ouer comed and woonne Whiche veraye selfe same thyng the poetes haue signified by the fable of * Ahas the xii kyng of the Argiues had a sonne called Acrisius whiche Acrisius succeded his father in the kyngdome of the said Argiues and had onely one doughter called Danae a goodly and a passyng beautifull ladie And so it was that Acrisius had knowelage geuen to hym by an oracle or voice comynge from heauen that he should be slain of his doughters soonne Wherfore he enclosed and shutte vp the saied Danaâ— his doughter in a veraye stronge toure and there kept hir to thentente that she myght neuer haue soonne At length Iupiter in fourme of a shoure raynyng droppes of golde gotte Danae with childe So by Iupiter she had a soonne called Perseusâ— Whiche thyng beeyng come to light and beeyng knowen hir father sette bothe hir and hir infant childe enâ—losed in a troughe or trounke of wood in the wilde sea So was she carryed by auentures on the sea vntyll she arriued in Italie and there Pilumnus the kyng and grauÌ„dfather of Turnus tooke hir to wife And afterward Perseus beeyng ones come to mannes stature killed Medusa and deliuered Andromeda And at last returnyng to Argos he slewe yâ— kyng Acrisius his graundfather accordyng to the prophecie and reigned in his stede Danae by Iupiter defloured but not vntill thesame god Iupiter had first transfourmed hymselfe in to golde whereof the poete Horatius speaketh in this maner Aurum per medios ire satellites et perrumpere pere a mat castra potentius ferro Golde hath a fansie and great delite Through harnessed meÌ„ passage to ieperde And to make waye through tentes of might More forceably then deynte of sweordeâ— WheÌ„ those persones that wer at Lasthenes found theimselfes greued and tooke highly or fumyshly that certain of the traine of Philippus called theim traitours Philippus auÌ„swered that the Macedonians wer feloes of no fyne witte in their termes The Macedonians wer plain feloes â—â— callynge eche thynge by it right name but alltogether grosse clubbyshe and rusticall as the whiche had not the witte to calle a spade by any other name then a spade Alludyng to that the commenused prouerbe of the grekes callyng figgues figgues and a bote a bote 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As for his menyng was that thei wer traitours in veraye deede And the fair flatte truthe that the vplandyshe or homely and plain clubbes of the countree dooen vse nameth eche thyng by the right names It was his guyse to aduertise his sonne Alexander after a courteous familiare geÌ„tle sorte to vse hymselfe and to liue with the Macedonians A good lesson to all young princes and through beneuolence and hertie loue in the meane tyme purchaced abrode emonge the coÌ„menaltie to gather vnto hym mighte puissaunce while duryng the tyme of an other mannes reigne it laie in hym without any his harme or hindreaunce to shewe humanitee gentlenesse Like a prudent and an expert manne right well perceiuyng and vnderstandyng like as an empier by no yearthly thyng better or more fermely to bee establyshed A kyng maye not to all persones wtout excepcion shewe fauour then by the hertie loue and good wille of the subiectes towardes their prince euen so to bee a thyng of moste high difficultee and hardnesse for any persone that hath ones taken vpoÌ„ hym the office of a kyng hath now alreadie in hande the gouernaunce and ordreyng of a royalme or empier towardes all parties without excepcion to shewe gentlenesse and fauour not onely because the office power of a kyng lyeth in the open waye to bee enuied but also for that a commenweale maye not possibly bee preserued and kept in perfecte good state onlesse haynous transgressions bee restreigned and suppressed by due punyshemente and correccion Haynous transgressioÌ„s must of necessitee bee suppressed by due correccioÌ„ and punishement For kynges must so ferre extende humanitee and fauour towardes their subiectes as thei maye in the meane tyme accordyngly vpholde and maintein their autoritee and estate royal Kynges must so ferre exteÌ„de fauour that thei maye in the meane tyme not empeche their autoritee and estate royall For goodnesse and fauour without ende or measure shewed is many a tyme and ofte the mother of contempte Thesame Alexander he auised counsailled that he should wynne and make frendes vnto hym all suche persones bothe honeste and vnhoneste good and badde Kynges must vse honest persones and abuse the vnhoneste as beare any rewle stroke or autoritee in the commenweale and that the good menne he should vse the eiuill persones he should abuse that is to saye applye to some good vse that of theim selfes thei are not apte nor inclined vnto The chief and higheâ—t feacte of kynges is to reiecte no person The chief â—eaâ—te of kynges is to reiecte no persone but to make all persones profitable to the commen weale but rather to applye the labour and seruice of all menne to the publique vtâ—litee and profite As almightie god beeyng the onely Monarche and prince of the whole vniuersall worlde abuseth the eiuill sprites and the weeked menne to the vtilitee and profite of the churche so princes of high wisedome and policie haue the feacte to make instrumentes aswell of the honeste persones as of the vnhoneste not that theimselfes been werkers of any eiuill thyng by the helpe of the eiuill persones Wise â—rinces haue the feacte to make profitable instrumentes aswel of yâ—â—iuill persones as of the good but that by the eiuill thei dooe punyshe the eiuill Nerethelesse many princes there bee whiche contrarie to the right course dooen abuse the good menne and vse the eiuill In executyng matiers of cruell tyrannie thei associate and ioyne vnto theim suche persones as for the opinion of holynesse are famous and of greate name to th entent that the people should esteme all thyng that thei dooe to bee good and godly Thesame Philippus when he laye for hostage and pledge in the citee of Thebes â— soiourned was lodged in the hous of one Philo a Thebane and besydes his high entretainmente in that behalfe he receiued at the haÌ„des of thesame Philo many high beneficiall pleasures And when the said Philo would in no wyse take any rewarde or gifte of Philippus again Neuer maÌ„ne did any thyng for Philippus but that Philippus did asmuch for him again Naye ê™ Philippus robbe me not now by leauyng me behynd hande in bountifulnesse of that laude praise whiche hitherto I haue euer had that yet vnto this preseÌ„te daye no maÌ„ne hath passed me or gon beyoÌ„d me in doyng mutual plesures benefites Oh an hert stomakeworthie a croune emperiall He demed it a more high and ioly thyng to haue the ouerhande in dooyng deedes of bouÌ„tie then in the prerogatif of power WheÌ„ a greate mayny hauyng been taken priesoners in warre wer in sellyng
The vprightnes and inâ—egritee of Philâ—ppus in ministreyng the lâ—wes and in doyng iustice leste that beeyng in the face of the court coÌ„deÌ„ned he should haue all the world to raill and speake eiuill on hym At these woordes better it is ê™ Philippus that he bee eiuill spoken of then me to haue an eiuil name for his cause He was tendre and fauourable to his frendes beare with theim albeeit no ferther then he lawfully might without empechemente of the existimacion and credence of a iudge When Philippus beeyng in the campe with his armie had slept a great long while together Antipater the deâ—utie and high â—â—pitain vndâ—r Philippus beeyng at last awaked I haue slept in safegarde saieth he for Antipater hath in my stede watched and for borne slepe Declaryng by the watche woorde not to bee the parte of a prince Not to bee yâ— parte of a prince to tâ—ke his full reste slepe especially in tyme of warre to lye in bedde all daye or to take his full reste and slepe especially in tyme of warre yet nerethelesse that thesame maye at a tyme without perell or daungier bee dooen if a kyng haue a truâ—tie and a peinfull deputie A prince may bee in securitee that hath a trustie and a vigiâ—aunte deputie Thus with the laude praise of his frende he made a good excuse in that he had ouer slept hym selfe At an other season eftsons it fortuned that while Philippus in the daye tyme tooke his reste slepe a sorte of the grekes whiche had in a great noumbre assembleed aboute his doore tooke peper in the nose How parmenio excused Philippê° slepyng in the daye tyme. and spake many woordes of reproche by the kyng for that by reason of his sluggyng thei might not at the first choppe bee brought to his speche then Parmenio beeyng in presence Parmenio was one of Philippê° geÌ„tlemenne and a capitain in veraye high fauour trust with hym after his dayes with Alexander Magnus in this manier defended the kyng and made excuse in his behalfe saiyng Meruaill ye not if Philippus dooe now repose hymselfe take a nappe for when all ye wer in your ded slepe he watched Signifiyng that the grekes rechelessely conueighyng their affaires Philippus broke many a slepe to prouide for their defense and safegarde Like as hymself was mery coÌ„ceipted and ful of preatie tauntes so did he muche delite in the saiynges of others if thesame had any quickenesse or grace in theim Wherfore when he was disposed on a tyme as he sate at his supper to coumptrolle a mynstrelle plaiyng at that presente before hym and talked his phansie of fyngreyng and strykyng the strienges of the instrumente Euâ—ry bodie is best iudge of his owne arte and facultie God forfende sir kyng ê™ the mynstrelle that ye should haue more sight and knowlage in this geare theÌ„ I. Pleasauntely and as might stand with good manier did the feloe take vpon hym to iudge in his owne art and facultee and yet nothyng offended or displeased the kyng whom he iudged to bee of more dignitee and high estaste then for to contend or striue with a mynstrelle about the twangyng of harpestrienges and lutestrienges Yea and the right sharpe or poynaunte saiynges of others so it wer spoken in tyme place oportune not toto ferre out of course he coulde take in good parte The humanâ—tee paceincâ— of Pilippê° For when he was foule out both with ☞ The debate and displeasure of Philippus with Olympias and Alexander dooeth Plutarchus in the life of Alexander shewe in this maner When by reason of the loue soondrie mariages of Philippus muche troubleous murmuryng and frayyng arose and begoonne within the courte of Philippus emong his own folkes in so muche that the kynges wife and the other women could scaâ—ely abyde one an other muche querelyng brallyng and discord grewe and dayly came in vre euen vnder the nose of Philippus Whiche grudges quereles debate and variaunce the sharpenes or curstnes the zelousie and the eagre feersenes of Olympias did augmente and sette on Alexander against Philippus Also of debate and enmitee one Attalus ministreed a wondreous good cause at yâ— mariage of Cleopatra whom where Philippuâ— had fallen iâ— loue withall beeyng yet a young damysell vnmariable anon after he tooke to wife For Attalus beeyng vncle to the maydeÌ„ beeyng through drunken euen in the feaste tyme of the mariage exhorted encouraged the Macedonians to make praier vnto the Goddes that a lawfull and right born heire for the succession of the croune and empier might bee begotten betwene Philippus and Cleopatra with which thyng Alexander beeyng highly moued saied why thou naughtie vilain what thynkest thou of vs that we are bastardes or mysbegotten and euen with that woorde he caught a goblet in his hande and cast it at the hedde of Attalus Philippus ymmediately therupon arisyng ranne at Alexander with a naked sweorde to haue slain hym but fortune beeyng theim bothâ— good to ladie what by reason of furie and what of wyne the stripe did no harme all Then Alexander begynnyng to rail on his father saied This is the ioyly feloe gaye manne whiche makyng preparacion to passe out of Europa into Asia and about to go but out of one chaumbre into an other stumbleed and had a great falle After this high woordeâ— and reasonyng had in cuppes wheÌ„ the saied AlexaÌ„der had conueighed awaye with hym his mother Olympias and had lefte hir in the region of Epirus hymselfe abode and liued in the countree of Illyris And at thesame season it fortuned that one Demaratus a Corinthian a veraye familiar acquaintaunce frende of Philippus pretendyng to bee one that would hymself in al causes frankely freely boldely saye his mynde was come vnto Philippus Of whom after they had shaked handes and had with pleasaunte and freendly woordes salued either the other the saied Philippus enquiered howe the Grekes agreed and accorded within theimselfes To whom Demaratus thus auÌ„swered O Philippus of all menne lest of all it behoueth you to haue care and charge of Grece that haue thus heaped your own courte and palaice with so many kyndes of discorde and with so many troubles and aduersitees Wherupon Philippus repentyng his folye sent the saied Demaratus to desirâ— and praye Alexander to returne home again and so he did Olympias his wife and also with Alexander his soonne he demaunded of Demaratus a Corinthian euen at that preseÌ„te tyme happyly comyng vnto hym in ambassade Demaratus ambassadour from Coriâ—the with Philippus what concorde peace vnitee the grekes had emong theimselfes one with another Immediately saied Demaratus to hym again Iwys iwys ye dooe of likelyhood take great thought and care for the coÌ„corde and tranquillitee of the grekes when those that are nighest moste dere vnto you beare suche herte and mynde towardes you What would a manne in this case haue
plaifeeres and suche as wer brought vp at nourice with hym he vsed thus to saye my father will leaue nothyng at all for me Thei saiyng again yes iwys it is you and none other for whom he purchaceth and procureth all thissame And what good maye it dooe me ê™ Alexander if beeyng a lorde of greate possessions I shall haue none affaires wherabout to bee dooyng to bee sette on werke Alexander euen of o child was of an ambicious â— stieryng nature Euen at that age might a bodye right well espye and knowe in hym a sparke of an ambicious and actif or stieryng nature towarde Thesame Alexander whereas he was passyng light or nymble of bodye and veraye swifte of foote to renne Alexander veraye nymble of bodye and swifte to renne to his father willing him at the games of Olympia to renne the race emong the others I would sir with all my herte saieth he if I should haue kynges to renne for the price or maisterie with me In this poynte also maye ye euidently espye and knowe a manne of haulte courage and one that would not to any persone liuyng geue place The haulte courage stomake of Alexander or yeld an ynche in the tryall of laude and dominacion Hymself was not yet come to bee a kyng for all that would he not vouchesalue in prouyng maisteries to bee matched with any persones beeyng vnder the estate of kynges Alexander in prouyng maisteries wouâ—d not bee matched but with kynges When a certain young womaÌ„ was veraye late in the night brought vnto Alexander to bee his bedfeloe the kyng demaunded where she had been so long the woman makyng aunswer that she had taryed awayted vntill hir housbande might first bee gon to bedde he called his seruauntes that had brought hir and gaue theim an high and a sore rebuke saiyng conueigh this woman home again for I was not ferre from the poynte nor failled but veraye litle thorough youre defaulte to bee made an auoutreer A passyng gaye exaumple of chastitee A notable example of chastitee in Alexander on the oneside in a young manne and on the other side in a kyng and moâ—te of all in an ethnike For emong theim simple fornicacioÌ„ was reputed for noo cryme ne synne at all And by this historie it semeth likâ—ly that the maner and vsage at those dayes was as in Italie yet still at this presente daye it is that mennes wiues laye aparte in a soondrie chaumbre and bedde from their housbandes In old tyme the wiues laye a parte in a sooÌ„drie chauÌ„bre and bedde froÌ„ their husbandes onlesse thei wer at this or that season called To Alexander in his childehood excessiuely makyng incense and sacrifice vnto the goddes euery pater noster while renÌ„yng to take still more and more of the frankinceÌ„se Paedagâ—gus is he that hath yâ— tuicioÌ„ gouernaunce nourturyng breakyng bryngyng vp of a childe aswell in maniers as in learnyng whiche was in olde tyme aswel emong the Romains as the Grekes an honorable bothe name funccioÌ„ Neither was there any noble maÌ„nes soÌ„ne but that he had a peculiar tuâ—our and gouernour But Alexander because he was soonne to so noble a kyng and also was of singular courage stomake and towardnes had many pâ—edagogues nourâ—urers and schoolemaisters emong whom the chief preemineÌ„ce had Leonides and to hym by especiall commission apperteined the principall cure charge autoritee and rewle ouer Alexander partely for that he was a manne of singular grauitee wisedome and seueritee of maniers and partely because he was of nere kynred and freÌ„dship â—owardes Olympias the mother of AlexaÌ„der Nerethelesse because Leonides thought the name of Paedagogue ouer basse and vile for a manne of suche dignitee as hymself was Lysymachus had the name of Paedagogue and in veraye deede was he that contynually attended and tooke dayly peines in nourturyng teachyng and breakynge Alexander and Leonides was called his tutour gouernour directour and as ye might saye lorde Maistee Leonides who was his gouernour and had chief cure charge of his bodye and of his bryngyng vp and at that tyme was there presente saied Sirrha my childe theÌ„ shall it bee meete for you with thus great largesse to make inceÌ„se vnto the goddes when ye shall haue subdued the countree where this incense groweth After long processe of tyme when Alexander had in deede conquered thesame countree hauyng freshe in his remembraunce the saiyng of Leonides aboue especified he wrote letters vnto hym with this clause I send vnto the * The countree where odours growen that is here meaned was Gaza whiche was a towne of the countree of Palestina or Iewrie in Pheniâ—ia beeyng a parte of Arabia whiche Alexander as Plutarchus writeth did subdue and conquer And when he sent from thenâ— to his mother Olympias to Cleopatra and to his other freÌ„des cote armours and spoyles there woonne he sent also at thesame tyme as thesame Plutarchus maketh mencion to Leonides his olde maister fiue hundred talentes of frankinsense that is of our Troy weight or poyse fowertie sixe thousande and fiue hundred poundes of weight or thereabout and of Myrthe one hundred talentes that is of englishe poyse nyne thousande three hundred poundes of weight or thereabout For I take here a talente for the commen talente Attique whiche conteined of englishe poyse three score twoo poundes and one halfe pounde or thereabout certain talentes of frankinsense and of casia to thentente that thou maiest not fromhensfoorth bee a niggarde towardes the goddes sens thou art not vnknowyng that we are now coÌ„querours and lordes of the countree that produceth frankinceÌ„se swete odours When he was readie would nedes auenture battaill vpon the souldyers of Darius at the floudde AlexaÌ„der makyng a vâ—age and gooynge with an armie royall of thirtie fower thousande footemenne fiue thousaÌ„dâ— horsemeÌ„ne against Dariê° kyng of the Persians coÌ„ueighed his hoste passed ouâ—r Hellespontus whiche is a narowe and veraye daungerous sea reachyng from the Isle of Tenedus vnto Propontis so came to Granicus a floudde in the countree of Phrygia whiche Phrygia is a region of Asia the lesse At Granicus because it was as ye would saye the gates of Asia and for that there was none other entreaunce nee passage into Asia to come to the PersiaÌ„s yâ— Capitains of Darius had so sette there souldyers in araye to resiste AlexaÌ„der that there might bee no waye made but with dynte of sweorde Wherefore Parmenio the dere frende the moste feithfull herted counsaillour and the moste trustie Capitain of Alexander auised hym for many consideracions in no wise to enterprise so harde and so daungerous an auenture Why ê™ Alexander again Hellespontus would blushe for veraye shame now that I haue alreadie passed ouer it if I should bee afeard to wade ouer so litle a floudde as Granicus and then after that he had encouraged his souldyers to haue cherefull hertes takyng with hym
thirteen rayes of horsemen hymself flounced me into the floudde at length in despyte maugre the heddes of all his enemies he gotte to the other side of thesame Granicus he badde the Macedonians to feede lustyly at their dyner not sparing to fille their bealyes with such vitailles as thei had for they should bee assured the morowe next folowyng to suppe of the prouisioÌ„ of their enemies A lustye courage an herte that could not faint ne bee dismayed and as touchyng the ende of the battaill beeyng in nomaner doubte mystruste ne feare but that the victorie should goe on his syde Parillus one of the noumbre of Alexanders familiare frendes Parillus one of Alexanders familiare freÌ„des desired of Alexander some dourie of money towardes the maryage of his doughters The kynge badde him take fiftie talentes of money And when the other had aunswered tenne talentes to bee sufficieÌ„t yea ê™ Alexander soo muche is enough for yâ— to take The bountee and munificence of Alexander but the same is not enough for me to geue Gayly royally spoken had not his towardnes vnto vertue been vitiated corrupted with ambicioÌ„ Alexander had commaunded his treasourer to deliuer vnto the philosophier Anexarchus how muche money so euer he would aske And when the saied treasourer had herde the requeste beeyng therewith more theÌ„ half astonned had made relacion vnto Alexander that the philosophier asked no lesse then an hundred talentes The bountee and munificence of Alexander he dooeth well ê™ the kyng knowyng hymself to haue a frende whiche is bothe hable and willyng to geue so great a summe Here maye a manne doubte whether of these twoo thynges he ought rather to maruaill at the kynges liberalitee in geuyng orels the vnreasonablenes of the philosophier in askyng excepte we lust rather to calle thesame assured trust and confidence that he had in the kynges beneficence When he had seen in the citee of Miletus many and thesame right greate and bowerly images and porturatures of suche persones as had tofore tymes woonne the victories or chief prices in the games of Olympia of Pythia Apollo by one other name was called Pythius of the great dragon Python whiche dragon to his great honour glorie renoâ—ne â—e slewe with his bowe aroâ—s And for a memoriall of yâ— acte there were holden kept in yâ— honour of Apollo Pithius certain games of iustyng rennynâ— wraâ—tleyng shooâ—yng and of the name of Apollo thei wer called Pythia he saied And where wer these so great gyauntlike bodyes when the barbarous did besiege your citee Nippyngly did he taunte and checkyng the foolishe ambicion of theim who glorie and braggued of suche persones as beeyng in greatnes strength of bodye perelesse had gotten victorie in turnamentes â—ustes wraâ—tleyng rennyng other sembleable games made for pâ—easure disporte whereas in so great pereâ—les dauÌ„gers of the citee there had been none at all that could trye and shewe theimselfes to bee such ioyly valiauÌ„te feloes Where Adas quene of the Carians had a great delyte and phantasie styl day by day This Ades Alexander for fauour that he had to hir of his owne mynde tooke for his mother so called hir and made hir queene of the Carians ordynarily to send vnto Alexander presentes of cates and of iunquettes or confeccions dressed and wrought wyth greate cunnynge by the fynest deuisers pastlers artificers of such thynges that coulde bee gotten Alexander sayde that himselfe had of hys owne muche better cookes dressers of his viandrie The cookes that AlexaÌ„der had to dresse his meate that is to weete for dyner his iourneyeng the night afore and for supper a spare and lyght repaste at noone * Caria is a prouince in the countree of Asia the lesse lyyng betwene Lycia and Ionia the inhabitauntes wherof wer called CariaÌ„s a vile people veraye abiecte in so much yâ— diuerse prouerbes the Grekes inuented in reproche of their vilanie As Ite foras Cares noÌ„ amplius Anthisteria In Care periculuÌ„ Of whiche prouerbes reade in the chiliades of Erasmus On a certayne season all thynges beyng in a perfecte readynes to ioyne battayle and to fightyng the felde when he was asked the questioÌ„ whether his pleasure wer that any thing els shulde bee doone Nothynge ê™ he but the beardes of the Macedonians to bee shauen of Parmenio woonderynge what thys saiyng should meane why dooest thou not knowe sayed Alexander that there is in battayll nothyng better or more apte to take holde on then a bearde Beardes are in batâ—â—â—ll a greatâ— lâ—tte hindreaunce He sygnyfyed that fyghtyng in warre ought to bee within handye grypes in which kynde of stryfe and tryyng beardes are a greate hynderaunce for that the souldyers or menne of warre maye veray easely bee caught by the beardes and bee holden faste Darius offreed vnto Alexander these condicions The condicions offred by Darius vnto Alexander that he shoulde haue tenne thousande talentes of money besydes that the empier of the whole countree of Asia to be egually deuyded betwene theim twaine When Alexander this offre refused I would surely haue takeÌ„ it ê™ Parmenio if I wer Alexander And so would I ê™ Alexander if I wer Parmenio But vnto Darius he made aunswer in this maner The aunswer of Alexander concernyng the condicioÌ„s offreed to hym by Darius that neyther the yearth might endure or abyde twoo soones nor the countree of Asia twoo kynges Here also myght one allow commende his haultenesse of courage or stomake if the saiyng did not sauour of a certain inordynate wylfull heddynes to bee lorde alone Alexander would needes bee lorde of all the worlde alone and to haue all vnder his owne subiecion When Alexander was like at a certain toune called The battaill betwene Alexander Darius foughten at the toune of Arbeles Arbeles to bee putte to the plounge of makynge or marryng of habbe or nhabbe to wynne al or to lese al for he had to fight with a million of menne of armes wel appointed and prepaired to trye it by strokes there came vnto him certain of his souldyers that bare towardes hym veraye good true feithfull hertes and complained on their feloes that in the campe thei made a muttreyng emong theimselfes and coÌ„spired together of all the preade bootie that thei should geat not to bryng a iote into the kynges pauilion but to conuerte it full and whole to their owne peculiare profite and auauntage These thynges heard Alexander smyled How Alexander toke that his souldyers had coÌ„spired emong theimselfes to conuerte all the booties that they shoulde geat to their owne priuate vse and saied Sers ye haue brought me good tydynges For I heare the words of feloes minded to wynne the victorie not to flee Neyther was he deceiued in his geasse For vnto hym came right many an one of the souldyers saiyng Be of good chere
familiaritee about his persone Unto Xenocrates the philosophier he sent of free gifte fiftie talentes Xenocrates refused to take money of AlexaÌ„der which when the philosophier refused to take allegeyng that he had no neede of money the kyng demaunded whether he had not so muche as any one frende neither that had neede For to me saieth Alexander vneth all the treasoures and richesse of Darius hath suffised to bestowe and to deuide emonge my frendes The bountes of Alexander and propense mynde to geue Whether of these twoo meÌ„nes myndes is in this behalf more woorthie admiracioÌ„ I cannot yet determyne nor perfectely saie either of the kyng so propense vnto liberalitee or els of the philosophier whiche sent backe again so greate a gifte by so greate a kyng of his owne mere mocion offreed ☞ This Porus was one of the kynges of India a stoute â— a valiaunte manne of armes and also a manne of greate puissaunce whom Alexander had a buisie piece of werke muche a dooe tooe vanquishe Plutarchus in the life of Alexander affermeth many writers to agree in this poynte that Porus was in heigth .vi. foote and one hande bredthe wheras the naturall philosophiers auouchen the vttermost extente that maye possibly bee of the heigthe of a manne not to excede .vii. foote Porus was so talle of stature personage that when he sate on his Elephantes backe for he vsed to ryde on no other beaste his tallenesse was answerable to the greatenesse of the Elephante that he rode on although it was a mightâ—e big Eliphante And Plutarchus writeth that tâ—iâ—same ElephaÌ„te shewed eueÌ„ at that season woondrefull prudence no lesse woondrefull loue towardes his maister then if it had been a creature wyth reason indued For as longe as the kynge was safe without receiuynge any wounde the Elâ—phante made greate stieryng and fought hardyly against his enemies destroyed theim on euery syde And as soone as he perceiued Porus to bee sore wounded and to haue stickyng in soondrie partes of his bodye veraye many dartes fearyng lest he should by reason therof synke and fall downe from his backe of his owne accorde he sounk downe fair and softely vpon his knees and with his snoute tendrely plucked out of his maisters bodyâ— all the said dartes one after an other And in deede of Elephantes how disciplinable and of how greate prudence docilitee and as ye would saie capacitee aud aptitude thei are also what tendre loue and affeccion thei dooe naturally beare towardes manne Aristotle Plynius other naturall philosophiers shewen exaumples almoste bothe innumerable also incredible Kyng Porus beeyng subdued taken by Alexander and after the felde foughten beeyng asked by the same Alexander this question how shal I nowe handle and vse thee Porus aunswered in this manier Howe kynge Porus beyng taken by Alexander asked howe he would bee vsed made auÌ„swer regally Alexander ferther demaundyng and nothyng els but that in this one word regally ê™ Porus al thynges possible are comprised Alexander hauyng admiracion aswell at the wisedome of the manne The humanitee and moderacioÌ„ of AlexaÌ„der toward â—yng Porus. as at his haulte courage magnanimitee coÌ„ferred vnto thesame besides his owne former royalme a domynion of muche more large ample circuite theÌ„ the same which he was lorde of before To the said Porus humbly submitting himself falling down at his feete AlexaÌ„der would not haue shewed so muche goodnesse Suche fauoure zele and affeccion did that courageous young-man beare towarde hertes that woulde not shrynke The affeccioÌ„ of Alexander towarde hertes that would not shrynke Quintus Curtius telleth it somewhat of another sorte Porus beyng at the daye of his takyng asked the question what waye he thought moste meete and conuenient for Alexander by whom he was now coÌ„quered to take with him suche waye ê™ he as this presente daye maye put in thy mynde in whiche thou haste by experience founde howe soone felicitee or high estate may haue a falle and be brought full lowe He gaue a by warnyng vnto Alexander not to bee ouer proude of his good fortune That kynges may vse their good fortune with moderacion but to vse it with moderacion bearyng well in mynde to bee a thyng possible that lyke chaunce might befall hym as had lyghted on Porus. When it came to his eare that there was a certain feloe who ceassed not speakyng the worste of him yea ê™ he it is a thyng to kynges peculiar for their good desertes to bee eiuill reported No persones so muche as kynges for their wel dooynges are of some ê‘sones eiuil reported Neuer was there any thynge more noble or of a more right sorte then this saiyng albeeit the same is named on diuerse others aswell as on Alexander Beeyng euen at deathes doore he cast his yie on his frendes and saied I see a greate * An epitaphie is the writyng that is sette on dedde meÌ„nes toumbes or graues in memorie or cÌ„omendacion of the parties there buiried epitaphie towarde As hauyng halfe a foreknowelage that his actes should after his death be to his greate honour and renoume chronicled set out by the eloquence of many wryters Neyther dyd his geasse deceiue hym For what writer almost at leste wise in maters prophane is not full of the actes of Alexander Albeeit the menyng of Alexander was that he plainly perceiued to bee no waye but deathâ— For epâ—taphies are not coÌ„menly made or at lest wise not set out till the parties bee deceassed Alexander therefore as he knewe that his actes should by writers bee spred through out all the worlde so he perceiued the tyme of yâ— same now approche and bee at hande At what tyme he had the doughters of Darius prisoners with hym Plutarchus in the life of AlexaÌ„der writeth largely of the singulare coÌ„tineÌ„cie and chastitee of Alexander And as touchyng the doughters of Dariê° he saieth although the wife of Dariê° did in beautie feaâ—â—ure excelle passe al other queenes like as Darius on his partie also was â—othe of beautie and tallenesse one of the goodlyest manne of the world the twoo doughters of theim in all poyntes of beautie and makyng â—guall with their parentes yet not one of theim in all the tyme that thei wer with Alexander to haue heard come out of his mouthe so muche as one wanâ—on woorde ne to haue seen by hym any wanton looke or token towardes any of theim but from their first entreyng into his tentes after muche comfortable and cherefull woordes and right honourable entreteinemente thei had purposely prouided and appoynted vnto theim a priue lodgyng wher thei might liue at their own arbitrimâ—nte without all maner feare of any poynte of vilanie to bee offâ—eed vnto theim either by AlexaÌ„der or by any other persone This writeth Plutarchus of the continencie of Alexander with many like thynges woorthie admiracion namely in an ethnike or gentile in a kyng
from peril of death yet he tooke heauily that the deformitee disfigure of hymping on the one legge whiche had come to hym by the saied wounde did stil remain To whoÌ„ Alexander saied How Alexander couÌ„forted Philippus takyng thought for that he shuld halte al dayes of his life sir take no discoumforte to shewe yourselfe abrode but euer when ye sette foorth your foote to goo haue mynde on your valiauÌ„t manhood And prowesse that ye shewed when ye receiued this wounde This saiyng is ascribed to others mo besides Alexander If at any tyme either in familiare communicacion orels at the table there had come in place any contencion about the verses of Homere one saiyng this verse to bee best an other that verse Alexander would euermore allow praise this verse here ensuyng What verse Alexander allowed best of all the verses of Homere aboue all the other verses in the booke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is Bothe a good capitain to guyde an armie And with speare shielde valiaunte hardie He would moreouer saie that Homere did in this verse bothe make honourable reporte of the manhood and prouesse of Agamemnon Alâ—â—â—nder auouched that Homere iÌ„ collaâ—dyng Agamemnon prophecied of hym and also prophecie of thesame to come in Alexander At what tyme Alexander hauyng passed ouer Hellespontus HellespoÌ„tus the narrowe sea betâ—eene Grece Asia went to see Troie reuoluyng castyng in his mynde the actes of aunciente princes of renoume a certain persone promised to geue hym the harpe of Paris Alexanâ—â—r hauynâ— the harpe of Achilles cared not for the harpe of Paris if he had any mynde to it No no ê™ Alexander quickely again I haue no neede at all of the harpe of Paris forasmuche as I haue allreadie the harpe of Achilles Paris the sooÌ„ne of Priamus kynge of Troie of whom is noted afore in yâ— third Apophthegme of Aristâ—ppus Achilles beeyng on his owne partie a knight stoute and actiue vsed euermore on his harpe to plaie songes of the laudes and praises of hardie menne valiaunte whereas Paris with his harpe did nothyng but twang fonde fansies of daliaunce and lasciuiousnesse On a tyme he went to see the womeÌ„ of Darius his court The women of Dariê° his court wer his wife his mother and his twoo doughters takyng Hephaestion with hym And this Hephaestion because he went at that tyme in thesame maner apparell that the kynge did Hephaestion somwhat bigger made taller of personage then Alexander and also was of personage somewhat bigger made theÌ„ he Sygambris the mother of Darius kneled vnto Sygambris the mother of Darius in stede of the kyng And when she had by the noddyng and beckyng of those that stood by well perceiued that she had taken hir marke amysse she was muche dismaied withall and begoonne of freshe to dooe hir duetie vnto Alexander Anon saied Alexander AlexaÌ„der estemed Hephaestion a secoÌ„de Alexander accordyng to the ê“uerbe amiâ—â—cus alter ipse that is twoo freÌ„des are one solle and one body Mother there is no cause why to bee dismaied For this manne too is Alexander Dooyng to weete that his frende was a secounde Alexander When he was come into the temple of Hammon the ministre there How Alexander comynge into yâ— temple of Hammon was saluted by the preste or minister there beeyng an aunciente saige father welcomed hym with these woordes All haill * Plutarchus writeth certain autours to affâ—rme that yâ— minister welcomed hym in greke myndyng tendrely and gentely to salute with thys woorde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sonnekyn or litle soonne tripped a litle in his touÌ„gue â— by a wrong pronunciacioÌ„ in stede of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche beyng diuyded into two woordes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 souneth the soonne of Iupiter my soonne and it is not I that dooe call the by this name but the god Iupiter Then saied Alexander I take it at your haÌ„de o father and wil bee contented fromhensforth to bee called your sonne vpon condicion that ye graunt vnto me the empier domynion of all the whole worlde The preste went into the priue chauncell and as though he had spokeÌ„ with god came forth again and aunswered that Iupiter did by assured promisse make hym a grauÌ„te of his boune that he asked TheÌ„ eftsons saied Alex. Now would I fain know if there bee yet remainyng vnpunyshed any of those persones which killed my father To this the preste thus made aunswer As many as putte their handes to the sleeyng of Philippus haue receiued condigne punyshemente for their offense euery one of theim but as for your father no mortall creature hath power to destroye or to werke displesure vnto by laiyng awayte for hym Signifiyng that he was the soonne of Iupiter AlexaÌ„der made to beleue that he was the sonne of Iupiter not of Philippus aud not of Philippus Wheras Darius had sette his armie royall of a ☞ Plutarchus in yâ— life of Alexander saieth that Dariê° had in his armie siâ—e huÌ„dred thousaÌ„de fightyng men besides those which wer in his nauie on the seaes woondreous great noumbre in a readynesse to fight Alexander was taken with a meruaillous dedde slepe in so muche that beeyng euen in the daye tyme he could not holde vp his hedde nor awake At the last greate perill and daunger beeyng eueÌ„ at hande his gentlemeÌ„ entreyng his bedde chaumbre made hym to awake AlexaÌ„der takeÌ„ with a dedde slepe euen in the daye time wheÌ„ Darius laâ—e in yâ— caÌ„pe râ—adiâ— euâ—â—â—â— hâ—â—re to sette vpon hym 〈◊〉 he said â—heÌ„ he was â—â—akened And when thei saied vnto hym that thei meruailled how he could in that presente state of his affaires bee so quiete and voide of all care as to slepe so soundely Marie ê™ he Darius hath deliuered and quyte discharged me of greate carefulnesse and trouble of mynde in that he hath gathred all his puissaunce together into one place that wee maye euen in one daye trye whether he shall haue the soueraintee orels I. The Corinthians had by ambassadours geuen to Alexander Magnus to enioye the right of all their libertees and franchesse The Corinthians made AlexaÌ„der free 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 This kynde of pleasure dooyng wheÌ„ Alexander had laughed to skorne one of the ambassadours saied Sir wee neuer yet vnto this daye made any for euer free of oure citee sauyng now your grace and ones afore tyme Hercules This heard Alexander with al his herte accepted the honour vnto hym offreed Whiche honour partely the raritee made vnto hym acceptable and partely that he was therin ioyned with Hercules a knight of moste high praise and renoume At the siege of a certain citee whyle he serched for the weakest places of the walles he was striekeÌ„ with an aroe but yet he would not leaue of his purpose Within a whyle after that the bloodde beeyng staunched the anguyshe of the drye wounde
Augustê° Caesar. and taken the parte of Augustus did at a certain banquette veraye arrogantely or with many highe braggyng woordes make greate vaunte of his desertes towardes Caesar What Augustus Caesar saied when Rhymirales made vaunte of his desertes towardes hym and without ende entwytyng thesame with takyng his parte in warre made muche tittle tattle nor would in no wyse lynne pratyng therof Caesar makyng as though he marked not the reprochefull chattyng of the saied Rhymirales dranke to one other of the kynges and saied The treason I loue well but the traitours I doo not coÌ„mende Signifiyng no thankes at all to bee due vnto suche persones as haue dooen a manne a good turne by committyng treason on their owne partie No thanke at all is due to theim that dooe an other body a pleasure by commitâ—yng treason on their owne behalf For though the pleasure that thei shewen bee for the tyme acceptable yet are the parties selfes reputed for naughty felooes and breakers of league and feithfull promyses afore made to another When the inhabitauntes of Alexandria the hedde citee of all Egypte after their citee entreed and takeÌ„ by force of armes The clemeÌ„cie of Augustus towardes the Alexandrines when he had woone takeÌ„ their citee thought to haue none other grace but vtter exterminacion by fyer and bloudshed Augustus gotte him vp into an high place takyng with hym euen by the hande one Arius a philosophier of the same citee borne and saied vnto the people that he did freely perdon the citee For what caâ—ses Augustus freely perdoned the citee of Alexandria first for the greatnes and goodlinesse of the citee selfe secondarily for the respecte of Alexander the great that was the first founder edifier and builder of it and finally for to dooe his frende Arius a pleasure Arius a philosophier of Alexandria to whom Augustus for his learnyng shewed muche honoure and frendship and familiaritee And as Plutarchus in yâ— life of Marcus Antonius writeth euen at this tyme besides this high pointe of honoure shewed towarde Arius he did at the intercession of thesame perdon many particular persones whiche had dooen hym muche displeasure and had deserued not onely his displeasure but also all extremitee It was a pointe of mercifulnesse not many tymes seen or heard of not to riefle or spoyle a citee whiche had moste stubbernely and obstinately rebelled but no lesse praise deserued that same his greate ciuilitee that the thanke of such a benefite as this was he tooke not to hymselfe but gaue one yea and the principall parte of the same vnto the citee selfe another porcion he attributed vnto Alexander whose memoriall he knewe to bee of moste high acceptacion emong the Alexandrines the thirde piece he putte ouer to Arius a burgoise of the same citee with so high a title commendyng â—ettyng foorth his frende vnto his owne countremen When it was complained vnto Augustus that one Erotes the solliciter of Egypte had bought a quaille which in fightyng would beate as many as came at no hande could bee beateÌ„ or putte to the wurse and thesame quaill beeyng rosted to haue eaten vp euery morsell he commaunded the feloe to bee brought afore hym and the cause well discussed ymmediately vpon the parties confessyng of yâ— cause he commaunded yesame to bee hanged vp on the toppe of a maste of a shippe Erotes yâ— solliciter of Egypte putte to death by Augustus for eatyng of a quaille Iudgeyng hym vnwoorthie to liue who for so small a delite of his onely throte or dentie mouth had not spared a byrde whiche in fightyng might many a long daye to many a persone haue shewed pleasure and solace and the whiche furthermore by a certain gladde signe of good lucke to ensue betokened vnto Caesar perpetuall sucsesse and prosperyng in his warres In the countree of Sicile in the stede or place of Theodore he made Arius capitain or lieuetenauÌ„t Tharsus the chief citee in Cilicia wher saincte Paule was borne And when a certain persone putte vp vnto Caesar a supplicacioÌ„ or bille of complainte in whiche wer writen these woordes The pield pated Theodore of Tharsus was a briber and a theefe what semeth you The bille perused Augustus subscribed nothyng but this onely Mesemeth Unto Athenodorus a philosophier by the pretexte or excuse of olde age makyng instaunte requeste that Athenodorus a philosophier in the tyme of Augustus There was also an other Athenodorus a philosophier of Athenes of whoÌ„ Plutarchus both in the life of AlexaÌ„der and also of Phocion maketh mencion And the thirde a werker of Imagerie in metal a Rhodian born of whom is meÌ„cioned in the xxxiiii and in the .xxxvi. boke of Plynie he might haue licence to departe home again into his countree Augustus grauÌ„ted his desire But wheÌ„ Athenodorus had takeÌ„ his leaue and all of the emperour beeyng in mynde and wille to leaue with the same some monumeÌ„te or token of remembreaunce meete semyng for a philosophier this he saied more theÌ„ euer he had dooen tofore Sir emperour at what tyme thou shalte bee angreed neither saie ne dooe thou any thyng before that thou shalt haue rekened vp by rewle one after other in thy mynde the names of the .xxiiii. lettres of the greke alphebete TheÌ„ Caesar freÌ„dly takyng the philosophiers hande in his saied What counsaill Athenodorus a philoâ—sophier gaue vnto Augustê° against yâ— furious heat of sodain angreâ— yet a whyle longer haue I nede of thy coumpaignie presence about me And so kept hym there with hym still euen a full yere more allegyng for his purpose that same the prouerbe of the Grekes Of feithfull silence the rewardes are daungerlesse Of feithfull silence the rewardes are daungerlesse Either allowyng the philosophiers senteÌ„ce for that in deede to represse and kepe in ones angre that it breaketh not out into woordes To kepe in angre that it breke not out into woordes is a poincte of safetie wer a thyng sure and safe from all perill of after clappes orels meanyng that it should haue been a good turne to the philosophier if he had spoken no suche woorde at the later ende beeyng in purpose and readynesse to departe his waye Albeeit suche an holsome and especiall good lesson deserued to haue some royall rewarde and recompense An holsome lesson geuyng deserueth at the handes of a price an high recompense When he had heard saie that Alexander beeyng twoo and thirtie yeres of age Alexander at the age of .xxxii yeres hauyng woonne almoâ—te all the worlde douâ—ted what he shuld haue to dooe all the residue of his â—ife after hauyng passed ouer not a fewe regions or countrees of the worlde had putte a greate doubte what he might haue to dooe all the residue of his life to come Augustus meruailled muche if AlexaÌ„der had not iudged it a greater acte or werke well to gouerne an empier gotten then to haue acquired or purchaced a
prouince of Asia vnto whom it belonged to punyshe suche as wer taken for any trespace But the saied Iulius rather hauyng yie vnto the money for it was no small summe saied that he would at leasure see what was to bee dooen with the persones whom he had taken Wherfore Caesar when he sawe his tyme biddyng hym farewel tooke his iourney vnto Pergamus and haÌ„ged me all the said theues on ieobettes from the first to the last accordyngly as he had ofte tymes made promise vnto theim while he abode in the Isle c. WheÌ„ he made suite and labour to haue the dignitee of high * There was in Roome of olde antiquitee a certain college yâ— is to saie a coumpaignie or feloship of magistrates to whoÌ„ apperteiâ—ed the ordreyng ministreyng execuiyng and iudgeyng of all sacres of all holy rites ceremonies funeralle obsequies and of all other causes that in any poincte concerned religion And thei wer called Pontifices And there wer of theim twoo oâ—ders that is to weete inferiours and superiours as if yâ— should saie â—at lestwise in case the terme maie serue bishoppes and archebishoppes And emong theim was one hedde that was called summus pontifex the highest prelate and as ye would saieâ— the chief ordinarie to whose power and autoritee beloÌ„ged to make constitucions coÌ„cernyng all the said rites ceremonies â—nd all poinctes of their religion and to see reformacion of all inferiour magistrates encurryng any contumacie contempte or disobedieÌ„ce This magistrate was first instituted by Numâ— Pompilius the seconde kyng of Roome prelate or ordinarie at Roome What Iuliê° Caesar saied to his mother wheÌ„ he stood for the dignitee of high bishop in Roome Quintus Catulus a manne of right highe dignitee and power emong the Romains standyng in eleccion with hym for thesame office vnto his mother bryngyng hym goyng to the gate Iuliê° Caesar a manne of a woondreous hault courage Mother saieth he this daye shal ye haue your soonne either the high prelate orels a banyshed manne An haulte courage towarde and that could in no sauce abyde to bee putte backe His wife * Iuliê° Caesar forsooke putte awaye his wife PoÌ„pâ—ia This PoÌ„peia was Caesars third wife as witnesseth Plutarchus 〈◊〉 first wife â—as Cornelia the doughter of Cinna afore meÌ„cioned by whom he had a doughter called Iulia whiche was afterward marryed vnto PoÌ„peiê° the greate Pompeia because she was in greate slaundre as one that had mysused hirself with Clodius in deede he forsooke putte away from hym But yet when Clodius was vexed in the lawe and arrained for thesame matier Caesar beeyng called foorth for a witnesse reported no eiuill woorde by his wife And when the accuser said why theÌ„ hast thou made a diuorce with hir forsouth ê™ he again because the wife of Caesar ought to bee pure clere from all slaundre too aswell as from the cryme Besides the witnesse of the aunswer his ciuilitee also maie well bee praised that he spared to defame his wife whom he had abandoned When he read the chronicle of Alexander the greate Caesar wheÌ„ he reade the actes of Alexander could not hold wepyng he could not forbeare to water his plaÌ„tes And to his freÌ„des he saied At thissame age ê™ he that I am of now AlexaÌ„der had subdued Darius I haue not yet vnto this day doen so much as any one valyauÌ„te acte of prowesse Suetonius writeth this thyng to haue chaunced The ambicioâ— of Iuliê° Caesar at what tyme Cesar beeyng lorde * After that the citee of Roome had subdued many countrees thei did from yere to yere create and send into euery seuerall prouince that thei had a seueral magistrate who was called pâ—aetor a lorde presideÌ„â—e To whose authorite apperteined the determinacion of causeâ— and the redresse of all matiers coÌ„cernynge iustice and lawe A magistrate of muche like sorte as is here in Englande the lorde presidente of the counsaill in Wales and the Lorde presidente of the counsaill at Yorke sauyng that the praetor of Roome had the assistence aide mainâ—â—iâ—aunce of menne of armes wheresoeuer he wente to keepe sises sessions courtes or lawedaies or to sitte in iudgemenâ—â— presidente in Spain and rydyng his circuite to hold the graunde iuries or lawedaies in tounes appoincted for sises and sessions to bee kept had seen the image of Alexander in the temple of ‡ In the moste feâ—â—hest parte of Spain beyoÌ„de Granadâ— weste warde are twoo litle Isles called Gades In the lesse of these twoo Isles was a citee called Iulia inhabited all with citezeÌ„â— of Roome There was also in thesame a temple dedicated vnto Hercules in which it is thought by many persones that the twoo pillers of Hercules wer whiche pillers wer of brasse eight cubites high a piece whiche Hercules when he had peragrated all the worlde as ferre aâ— any lande went did erectâ—â—nd sette vp for a memoriall that there he had been Hercules within the Isle of Gades But would God suche a nature as this would rather haue vsed his forwardnesse and quicke spirite in takyng after a prince of a sobre sorte then after one that would bee perelesse alone aboue al others As he passed by a beggerie litle toune of colde roste in the mouÌ„taignes of Sauoye his coumpaigne that wer with hym puttyng doubtes and questions whether in thaâ— dog hole also wer sedicions and quereles for preemynence and superioritee as there contynually wer in Roome he staied and stood still a preatie whyle musyng with hymselfe The ambicioÌ„ of Iuliê° Caesar Nec Romae potuere pati Caesarue prioreÌ„ PoÌ„peius ue parem and anon well ê™ he I promise you I for my parte had lieffer to bee the first or the chief man here then the seconde manne in Roome This certes is euen veraye it that is writen in the poete Lucanus that neither Cesar could abyde to haue any manne aboue hym Neither Caesar coulde abyde to haue any superiour nor Pompeiê° to haue any manne feloe with hym ne Pompeius to haue any peere He saied that thynges of high entreprise because thei are subiect vnto daungiers Iuliê° Caesar would high entreprises to bee gooen through with all without castyng of any perilles and wer greate ought to bee executed and dispeched out of haÌ„de and none aduise ne deliberacion to bee taken of theim because that to the gooyng through with suche matiers celeritee dooeth veraye great helpe castyng of perilles dooeth plucke a manne backe from hardy auenturyng When he departed out of yâ— prouince of Galle to matche against Pompeius as soone as he was ones passed ouer the floud of Rubicon now saieth he bee * There is a prouerbe omnem iacere aleam to cast all dyce by whiche is signified to sette all on sixe seuen at all auenâ—ures â—o ieoperd assaiyng the wilde chaunce of fortune bee it good bee it baddeâ— Therfore when Cesar saied Bee all dyce alreadie cast His menyng was to bee now ouerlate
is not to bee a buâ—sie geuer of counsaill The dueâ—ie and parte of a good souldyour but when the case requireth lustyly to besâ—â—ere hym about his buisynesse Yet neuerthelesse battaill ioyned he woonne the victorie and ouercame Nicion the capitain of the Macedonians But ere long tyme after the Athenieus beeyng clene ouercomed and subdued wer driuen to take a garriâ—on of Antipater to bee ouer theim iâ— the castle of their ciâ—ee The Atheniens in conclusion ouercomed by Antipater kepte by his garriâ—on When Menyllus the capitain of the garrison Memyllê° â—â—pitaâ—â— of Anâ—â—â—â—ter his â—â—rrison in Athenes would for loue and good wille haue geueÌ„ Phocion money Phocion takyng greate indignacioÌ„ and foule skorne at the mater saied that neither he the said Menyllus was better manne then AlexaÌ„der PhocioÌ„ refused to take â—oney of Meâ—yllê° his gift and yâ— cause to take any rewarde or gifte of money now was wurse then at that tyme when he refused to take money seÌ„t vnto hym by Alexander This is touched afore in the .viii. apoph O an herte that could not bee coniured ne bought with money Antipater would many tymes saie that wheras he had twoo freÌ„des in Athenes he could neuer in all his liue perswade Phocion to take any money or other thyng of his gifte Antâ—pater could neuer ê‘suade PhocioÌ„ to take any money nor fill Demades with geuyng nor neuer fille Demades with geuyng Thissame was Demades the oratour who was excellente passyng good in makyng an oracion or settyng out of a talâ— wtout any studie or vnprouided Demades had no feloe iÌ„ makyng an oracion without studie wheras Demostenes penned al his matiers afore wher as Demosthenes made none oracions but diligentely penned afore Unto Antipater requiryng hym to dooe for hys sake some thyng whatsoeuer it was not standyng with iustice he saied How PhocioÌ„ made auÌ„swer to Antipater requiryng hiÌ„ to dooe a certaine thyng contrarie to iustice O Antipater thou cannest not haue of Phocion a frende a flaterer bothe to gether A frende is at coÌ„maundemente so ferre as conscience and honestee will suffre and no ferther For in dede one frende ought in no wyse to require of an other freÌ„de a thyng that is vniust One frende ought not to require any vniâ—ste thyng of another But as for a flaterer he is a readie and a seruiceable paige for what soeuer a bodye will haue hym dooe When the people of Athenes wer ymportune that Phocion should take an armie with hym into Beotia For ferther declaracion herof reade yâ— annotacion of the .xi. apophthegme of this Phocion and Phocion iudged in his mynde that so dooyng would bee nothyng for the profite of the commeÌ„weale he made a proclamacion that as many as wer in the citee betwene sixteen yeres of age and sixtie should bee in a readynesse and come folowe hym The aged meÌ„ne in this case cryyng out against hym and allegeyng for their excuse that thei wer ympoteÌ„t and feble for age why ê™ Phocion there is none vnresonable thyng conteined in my proclamacioÌ„ How PhocioÌ„ staied the Atheniens beeyng in a sodain pangue â—o continue waâ—â—â— with the Beoâ—ianâ— sens that I myself dooe make readie to goo foorth with theim as their capitain beeyng .lxxx. yeres of age By this subtile meanes he appeaced cooled the soodain heate of the coÌ„mens After the death of Antipater the commenweale of the Atheniens beeyng come again to suche state that the people ‡ The philosophiers that dooen write of politique gouernauÌ„câ— describen the state of commenweales to haue been diuerse in diuerse placesâ— Somewher kynges gouerned as in Persia in Roome at the begynnyng and now in Englande whichâ— was called Monarchia and this state al writers dooen agree vpon to be the beste Some commenweales haue been gouerned by a certain â—oumbre of magistrates and couÌ„saillours as in Roome from the exterminacion of kynges vntil the tyme of Iulius Caesar at this presente daye in Uenece this was calâ—â—d Oligarchia or Aristocratia Somewhere all the people râ—wled and wer echeman of eguall autoritee as in Athenes vntill thei wer yoked by the thirtie tyrannes and afterwarde conquered and subdued by Philippus and after hym holdâ—â— in subiâ—ccion by AlexaÌ„der after hym by Antipater after whose â—â—â—â—â—ssâ— thei obteined again their first state whiche was called â—â—moâ—â—atia And this was of all other the wurst as here may riâ—ht well appere for the people beeyng sembleable to a monstrious beaste of many heddes did thynges heddyly without due counsaill aduise deliberacion discrecion or reason as the Atheniens beeyng in furious raiges mooste wrongfully putte to death many innocente persones high clerkes and noble counsaillours as afore is noted in the .v. apophthegme of thissame Phocion rewled and wer euery manne like maister PhocioÌ„ was at a commen assemblee condemned to dye Phocion beeyng innoceÌ„te condemned to death by the people of Athenes And so it was that his other ☞ With Phocion wer coÌ„demned to death Nicocles Thudippus Hegemon and Rithocles And besides these wer condemned beeyng absent Demetrius Phalereus Callimedon Charicles and soondrie persones moo frendes whiche had been condemned to death together with hym at thesame tyme went pieteously wepyng and makyng lameÌ„tacion when thei wer led to priesoÌ„ but Phocion went as still as a laÌ„be not speakyng a woorde But one of his enemies meetynge with hym in the streete after manie despiteous and raillyng woordes spette in his face Then Phocion lookyng backe vpon the officers saied The pacience of Phocion will nomaÌ„ chastice this feloe here vncomely demeanyng hymself This moste vertuous and godly maÌ„ne euen when there was with hym none other waye but death PhocioÌ„ wheÌ„ he was caâ—â—e to dye yet had care of good ordre to bee kept in the citee had care of the publique good ordre to bee kept He made no complainte of that so haynous a touche of vilanie neither did he require auengemente against yâ— partie who contrarie to the lawes was eagre to shewe crueltee vnto a cast maÌ„ne he onely willed the eiuill exaumple that was contrarie to good manier behaueour to bee repressed and to that horrible cruell dede he gaue no wurse name but vncomely demeanureâ— Of those persones whiche wer to suffre death with Phocion How PhocioÌ„ coumforted Thudippus beeyng out of pacâ—â—nce wheÌ„ he should dye one manne especially emong all the others beeyng woondrefull ympacient bewailled his missehappe whoÌ„ Phocion coumforted after this sorte Is it not enough for the O Euippus or as some readen Thudippus to dye in cumpaignie with PhocioÌ„ PhocioÌ„ was dooen to death not onely beeyng wtout gilt but also beeyng one that had dooen highly well for the commenweale It maye bee a coumforte for an innocente wroÌ„gfully to suffre with innocentes It ought therefore to haue been estemed a greate coumforte and reioycyng for the partie beeyng innocente wrongfully to bee putte to
he auouched in all those praises to bee not so muche as one poincte comely for a kyng To drynke well is a proprete mete for a spouÌ„ge but not for a maÌ„ For the first he saied belonged to women the secounde to sophistes or rhetoricians and the thirde to spounges * This ambassade was at thesame tyme when Demochares saied to Philippus that he might do to the Atheniens muche pleasure if he would put his necke in an halter and hang hym self Wherof read the .xxxv. apoph of the saied Philippus Demosthenes had writteÌ„ vpon hiâ— shilde in lettres of golde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 writeâ— about Demostâ—â—nes his bucler in lâ—tters of â—olde Good fortune Yet neuerthelesse when it was come to handie strokes ‡ This was at the battaill in Cherronea wherof is afore spoâ—â—en iâ— the .vii. apophthegme of Philippus in whiche battaill he subdued and conquiered all Grece And of this battaill Deâ—osthenes was the chief procurer and setter on in so muche that he onely persuaded the Thebanes and others therunto and was one of the chief ryngleders and capitaines hymself in so muche that the kyng of the Persians wrote letters about to â—is nobles in all places that thei should aide Demosthenes with money enough on all sydeâ— for the suppressyng of Philippus The battaill waâ— kept in Châ—rronea the countree of Plutarchus at Thermodon Whiche Thermodon as the reporte gooâ—th saieth Plutarchus shuld bee a litle preatie floudde renâ—yng into the riuer of Cephisus But thesame Plutarchus saieth that he knoweth no suche flodde there about of yâ— namâ— nor yet in any place of al Cherronea Neuerthelesse he beleueth that the floudde HaemoÌ„ whiche renneth along by Heraclium where the Grekes at that tyme pitched their caÌ„pe against Philippus was at the first in olde tyme called Thermodon and froÌ„ that battaill foorthward thesame to haue taken the appelacioÌ„ of Haemon because it was then filled vp with dedde corpses â—nd with bloudde For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is greke for bloudde But this was suchâ— a sore battaill that Philippus feared Demosthenes all daies of his life after for that thesame had persuaded the Grekes to battaill Demosthenes euen at the first meetyng cast shilde and all awaye from hym togoo as fast as his legges might beare hym This poincte beeyng cast in his nose in the waye of mockage reproche How Demosthenes aâ—oided yâ— reproche of rennyng aâ—waye in battaill that he had in battaill cast awaye his bucler and taken hym to his heeles Plutarchus saieth that Pytheas it was whiche thus mocked Demosthenes for his mannely rennyng â—waye like a pretie maÌ„ne he auoided it with a litle verse commen in euery bodyes mouthe * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is I maÌ„ thaâ—â—leeth will renewe battaill again is a prouerbiall verse as Erasmê° in his chiliâ—des admonysheth by whiche we are warned not by and by to be brought in despaire if some thyng hauâ— not well come to our passe For though a manne bee now ouerâ—omed he maye at an other tyme haue better happe Wherof Homere calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is now stroÌ„g on the one syde now on the other And Alexander Pariâ— the soonne of Priamus kyng of Troie thus speaketh in Homere 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Uictorie chaungeth from parte â—o parte And thesame AlexaÌ„der in an other place again saieth Menelaus now through Pallas hath wonne And so shall I at an other season So Dauus in Terence Hac non successit alia aggredienduÌ„ est uia that is This waye it will not frame ne faie Therefore must we proue another waye So mened Demoâ—sthenes that though he had had missehappe at that season yeâ— an other more propice tyme should come when his chauncâ— should bee to dooe his countree better seruice c. And this waâ— a meetely honeste excuse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That same manne that renneth awaye Maye again fight an other daye Iudgeyng that it is more for the benefitâ— of ones couÌ„tree to renne awaye in battaill then to lese his life For a dedde manne can fight no more but who hath saued hymself aliue by rennyng awaye maye in many battailles mo doo good seruice to his couÌ„trâ— At leste wise if it bee a poincte of good seruice to renne awaye at al tymes when the counâ—ree hath moste nede of his helpe to sticke to it When Alexander on this condicion offreed peace vnto the Athenienâ— if thesame would yeld vp into his handes eight of the citezens How Demosthâ—nâ—s escaped beeyng deliuered into the handes of Aâ—â—xaÌ„der emoÌ„g whoÌ„ Demosthenes to bee one Demostheâ—nes told vnto theim the tale of the woulf who vpon this condicion offreed peace vnto the sheepe if yâ— same would yeld and deliuer hym their dogges that kept hym from the folde Under the name of the woulf betokenyng AlexaÌ„der by the dogges menyng those persones who at that present season had the cure and charge of all the publique affaires and by the sheepe signifiyng the commenaltie of the Atheniens He added moreouer an other exaumple As the mercatemenne saieth he dooe bryng out a litle modicum of wheate or other corne in a treendishe for a saumple or shewe Who betraieth the gouernours rewlers betraieth the whole people couÌ„tree desiryng by thesame to sell whole greate heapes so ye if ye betraie and deliuer vp the eight citezens whiche are demaunded of you ye betraie deliuer the whole vniuersall people euery mothers chylde When Demosthenes beeyng condemned of the Areopagites Of Arâ—opagus the Areopagites it is afore noted had escaped out of prieson was rennyng * The cause of the banyshemente of Demosthenes was this There was one Haâ—palus of whoÌ„ it is afore mencioned who partely of remorse and conscience of eiuill handleyng hymself in matiers committed vnto his fidelitee and partely for that he sawe AlexaÌ„der begyn to weaxe veraye rigorous and sore to his frendes fled out of Asia and came to Athenes And wheÌ„ hâ— had with certain shippes and greate substaunce of money submitted hymself to the pleasure and wylle of the people of Athenes the other oratours counsailled the people to receiue proâ—ecte hym but Demosthenes at the first begynnyng gaue theim counsaill in no wyse to receiue hym but to bee well aware lest thei should by reason of hym areise battaill of an vniuste and vnreasonable cause Within fewe daies after wheÌ„ Harpalus who by like had a good insight in suche matiers espiyng and markyng Demosthenes to haue an earneste yie a greate fansie vnto a goodly cuppe of golde that was of excellente werkmanshipâ— caused thesame to bee weighed Demosthenes muche woondreed at the weight of the cuppe and demaunded what the cuppe drawed menyng of weight in the balaunce I wys ê™ Harpalus smylyng vpon hym it shall drawe you twentie talentes and the nexte night folowyng sent vnto Demosthenâ—s the saied cuppe of golde secretely twentie
refused 12. Giftes Socrates would none take c. 18. Gluttons 20. Glorie is to many persones more sweter then life 192. God is to bee foloed as nere as we maye 2. Good menne reioyce when they are troubleed 23. Good thynges are reiected because of the lewde persones that abuse theim 56. Golde wâ—y 〈◊〉 looketh pale 120. Golde ouercoÌ„meth all thynges 166. Good fortune wryten aboute the bucler of Demosthe 335. Gramarians what thei wer 76. Graunde theues leade the petie theues to prieson 104. Grosse meates make the bodie strong but the wâ—ites dulle 114. Granicus a floudde 183. Greate thynges are not alwayes good but good thynges are alwayes greate 345. H HAste maketh waste 38. Harmodius 115. Harlottes 155. Haynous transgressions must be suppressed by due correccion 168. Harpe of Achilles and of Paris 206. Hesiodus his verses 10. 16. Heraclitus a philosophier 12. Hemina what it is 18. He that can abite a curste wife nede not c. 25. Helicon Cyziâ—enus a philosophier 61. He is not in pemiâ—ie that may haue when he nedeth 66. Hercules the soonne of Iupiter 106. Hegesias a philosophier of the Epicures secte 112. Hercules how he was wurshipped in olde tyme. 116. Hecateros 164. Hephaestion highly in fauour with Alexander 187. Herâ—de kylled his owne soonne 237. Hâ—llâ—spontus 206. Hephaestion taller manne theÌ„ Alexander 207. Herenniâ—s 234. 〈◊〉 â—uice the price of 〈◊〉 ounce 302. High cares of a good prâ—nce 242. Hoâ—gre is the best sauce 3.13.27 Honest name and fame howe â—o bee purchaced 5. Honest mattres to set foorth euery manne is loothe 8. Homere his verses 10. 122. 123. 146.149.188.302 Honest geastes take all fare in good woorth 20. Holylye dyed Socrates 31. Honest and vertuous loue 32. How an eiuill husbande maye borowe money of hymself 40. Honest menne maye vse delycate fare 45. Homeres Rapsodies what they are 76. Horsse vnbroken apte to no seruice 45. Housbande the rule for the wife 39. Houres best to eate meate 98. Honest and verteons menne ar the true ymages of God 11â— Honye mouthed persones 119. Hote houses 121 12â— Honest menne are not the wurse for the infamie of any place that they resorte vnto 142. Homere feigneth death slepe to be brâ—ther germaine 154. Housholdyng is not mainteined with syngyng 157. Horacius the poete his saiynges 19.166 Homeres Ilias highly eâ—â—emed of Alexander 204. Humilitee of Socrates â—5 40 Husbandrye is profitable 40. Humanitee and pacience of Philippus 177. Humiliâ—ee of â—ntigonê° 212. â—â—â— Humblenesse and modestie of Augustus 229. Humanitee will hope the best of a frende 288. Hâ—dria in foribê° expouned 48. Hypocrisis the chief poyncte in eloquence 343. I IAmbique verses 13. Idlenesse is euermore worthee blame 10. Idees that Plato deuised 123. Ignoraunce is the onely eiuil thyng of the worlde 14. Immoderate and gredye eatyng 35. Inordinate liuyng is more peinful theÌ„ to liue â—tuously 4. IncoÌ„moditees of wedlocke out of wedlocke 17. Insaciable mynde of AlexaÌ„ 94 Inexpectato a place of rhetoricke 110. Ingratitude of the Atheniens towardes Philippus 163. Incommodities that come by plaiyng at dyce 194. Insolencie a daungerous desease 212. Ingratitude of manye persones 288 Ingratitude of the people of Athenes 338. Italians vse abstinence for all deseases 278. Iudgement of the coÌ„men people 4 Iudgemente preposterous of the coÌ„mon people 14.88 Iustice executed by Antigonus 218. Iulia the daughter of Augustus 252.253 Iulia banisshed out of the courte of Augustus 261. Iulius Caesar moost like infacions to AlexaÌ„der the gre 263 Iuliê° Caesar. a man of a woondreous hault courage 265.268 Iulius Caesar put awaie his wife Pompeia 265. Iuliê° Caesars ambicioÌ„ 266.267 Iulius Caesar woulde that high enterprises should be dispeched without castyng perilles 267. Iulius Caesar matched Pompeius 269. Iulius Caesar what he saied wheÌ„ he sawe in Roome strauÌ„giers carrye youÌ„g puppes 271 Iulius Caesar how he encouraged his souldiours 272. Iuliê° Caesar saied that Sylla was not half a good clerke 27â— Iulius Caesar refused to bee called a kyng 274. Iulius Caesars hoâ—sse 276. Iulius Caesar oppressed the coÌ„monweale 278. Iulius Caesars dreame 279. Iulius Caesar and Pompeius at variaunce 310. Iuliê° Caesar called Senates for euerie small mattier 317. Iubius Curtius proued a lyer by Cicero 319. K KNowelage of morall philosophie what it profiteth 10 We knowe no more then is in our memorye 80. Kynges maye not shewe fauour to all persones 167. Kynges howe farre thei maye extende fauour 168. Kynges muste vse honest persones abuse the vnhonest ibi kynges learned is an vnestimable treasure 172. Kynges are eiuill reported for well dooyng 196 Kynges are not the rules of iustice but the ministres 213. L LAercius a greke autour 16 Lais an harlote of Corinth 55â—342 LacedemoniaÌ„s exercised their children in huntyng 80. Lawyers contendyng 125. LabouriÌ„g for good qualitees 13â— Lawe is there none without a citee 153. Lasanum and Lasanophorus 212. Lawe for suche as killed their fathers 256. Laberius a plaier 271.316 Laodicia a citee in Asia 317. Lenociniâ—m what it is 32. Lettres or wrytynges helpe not the mâ—morie 36. Lenticula what it is 90. Learnyng is no shame 37. Lessons for youÌ„g princes 166. Learned kynges an vnestimable treasure 172. Leonides the gouernour of Alâ—â—ander 182. Lex Iulia. 229.252 Lex Pompeia 256. 〈◊〉 284. 〈◊〉 a maÌ„ne of greate â—â—toritee iâ— Athenes 296. 〈◊〉 giâ—â— to a swâ—ord 314. 〈◊〉 of the mynde 67. Liâ—ertee is the state of blisse 107.131.152 Liber pater one of the names of Bacâ—hus 141. Liâ—e and death bothe are peinfull to tyâ—annes 157. Liâ—eralitee of Philippus 171. Like beareth lâ—â—e to like 192. 330. Liâ—a the wiâ—e of Augustus 238 25â—.257 Licinius of a bondeseruaunte mâ—de free 246. Liberalitee of Augustus towâ—rd learned menne 251. Liâ—ya a pâ—rte of Afrike 281. Libians had their eares bored full of hâ—les 308. Loue honâ—st aâ—d vertuous 32. Loue purchaced by vertue ibi Loue the occupacion of ydle persones 117. Lust must be refreined 3. Lupines a kynde of poultz 111. Lucius Lucullus 286. Lucius Cotta a greate drynker of wyne 330. Lyuyng inordinately is more peinfull then to lyue verteously 4â— Lysias an oratour 25 26.100â— Lyue to lyue is no miserable thyng 1â—â— Lysippus 197â— M. MAny meÌ„ne geue greater waiges to their horsekepers then to the teachers of their children â—â—â— Many pretend the contemptâ— of delicates c. 55 5â— Many good thynges are reiâ—cted because of the lewde persons that vse theim 56â— Manne is moste sapiente and moste folyshe 7â— Mannes witte apte to all thynges ibiâ— Mathematici what thei wer 76â— Mastre that is wise wil be aduised by his seruauÌ„t 82.88 Macedonians conquered Grece ibi Manne what it is 82. Mannes life standeth not in carnall pleasures 104. Manne of all creatures thâ— moste miser 108. Manes the seruaunt of Diogenes 127. Many rebuke in others that theâ— emeÌ„de not theimselues 129.130 Maisters geueÌ„ to viciousnesse what thei dooe 148. Macedonians wer plain feloes 167. Machaetes wrongfully condemned of Philippus 173. Macedonie was euer to litle for
Alexander 200. Manacyng of greate meÌ„ne 268. Mamertines a people in Sicilie 281. Magnê° the surname of Pompeius 282. Manly herte of Pompeius 286.291 Many meÌ„ne punyshe in others that thei offeÌ„de in theimselues 7 Marcellinus put to silence by Pompeius 287. Marcus Tuâ—lius Cicero 203. Marcus Aemilius Scaurê° 305. Marcus Tullius would not forsake his surname 305. Marcus Tullius his greate care and studie 312. Marcus Caelius an oratoâ—r 318 Marcus Crassê° an oratour 324. Marcus Appius mocked of Cicero 329. Marcus Aquiliê° called of Cicero Adrastus 329. Meate and drynke muste bee taken with reason 3. Mecenas of Roome 5. Medleyng to muche in other mennes matiers 10. Menne that desire to liue muste frame c. 14. Menne that are good dooe suffre slaunders gladly 23. Mery saiynges of Socrates 24. 25.35 Men wherof thei shuld smell 28 Merie speakyng of Aristippus 46. Measure is in all thynges a treasure 50. Menne maye iustely refuse their soonnes if c. 65. Menne should haue no vayne communicacion 72â— Menne take peynes in vayne thynges 76. Menne should not put foorth emptie haÌ„ds to their freÌ„des 79 MeÌ„nes woordes declare their myndes 81. Menne should weare sweete floures in their bosomes rather then on their cappes 96. Menne there are but a fewe 98. 99. 135. Megara a toune in the countree of Attica 98. Megarians were rechelesse kepers of their children ibi Medecine for good appetite 116 Merie saiynges of Diogenes 125. 138. 139. 149. Mercifulnesse of Antigonê° 214. Menne taken prysoners in warre how thei wer vsed 223. Metellus withstode Caesar from takyng moneye out of the treasourie 268.277.307 Menne be thei neâ—er so high are with famyne made tame enough 287. Menillus a capitaine 298. Miserable is the pouertee of the mynde 45. Myce howe thei resorted to Diogenes his tubbe 97. Midias howe Diogenes haÌ„dleed hym 99. Miserie what thyng is moste miserable in this world 118.126 Miserie of warre 166. Miseâ—us a circe 184. Mithridates kyng of Ponrâ—s 218. Minerus by the ficcioÌ„ of the poeâ—es a perpetual virgin 342 Moderatâ—â—xercitacioÌ„s of the bodie 35. Money bryngeth a lyuyng 45. Money the right vse of it 51. Moral philosophie what it profited the philosophiers 63. Diogenes howe he was mocked 126. Modâ—racioÌ„ of AlexaÌ„der 191.196 Moderacion of Pompeius 284. Mynduâ—â— touâ—e in Asia 130. 〈◊〉 of manne wherin it is shâ—wed 145. N. NAme and fame honest how to bee purchaced 5. Nature â—â—the prouyded for vs at necessarie houshold stuffe 90 Newe coÌ„medie what it is 23. Neptunus Iuppiter Plutâ— were brethren 59. Nemea a region in Arcadia 113 Nicolas Leonicenus 4. Niâ—enâ—sse tendrenesse hurteth menne 8. Nâ—sa a toune in India 203. Nâ—â—aâ—les the trustie seruauÌ„te of Pâ—ocion 301. Notâ—yng more sapiente then manne c. 71. Noblenâ—sse of birth Diogenes called a cloke 153. Nomenclâ—â—â—â—es 240. Nâ—â—musâ— how it is taken 248. O. Oâ—seruacioÌ„ of sepulchres 236 Octauiê° Augustus Caesar. 225. Oedipus 91.92 Office of a schoole maistre 21. Office of kynges is to heare euerie manne 178. Office of a biddell 240. Olympia games of rennyng a wrasileyng 7.113 Olde supersticion 101. Olympias what she might dooe with Aleâ—ander 205. Omnis iacta sit alâ—a 267. Oracion made by Lysias for Socrates â—6 Oratours Diogenes called theim thrise double meÌ„ne 108. Oracle what it is 188.341 Oulette takeÌ„ by a souldyer 248 Ouinius the seruaunte of Watinius 321. Oulette dedicate to Pallas 338. P. PAcience of Socrates 11.12.19.22.24.25.34 Pacience of Aristippus 43.47 Parentes foly in chastenyng their chyldren 88. Paâ—ience of Diogenes 47.99 Parmenio the onlye capitain of Philippus warres 160. Parmenio excused Philippê° for slepyng in the daye tyme. 176. Parrhesiastes 179. Paedagogus what he is 182. Parillus one of Alexander his frendes 183. Parrasites what thei wer 199. Patroclus the frende of Achilles 203. Paris what he was 42.207 Pacinnius Taurus 133. Pacience of Phoâ—ion 300. Personnes that ought to be receaued into frendship 7. Personnes that lyue in all ease and pleasure 13. PersoÌ„s that lyue to be gluttoÌ„s 20. Peynes of teachyng is woorthie greate wages 51. Penelope the doughter of Icarius 63 Personnes desperate what thei should dooe 72. Personnes feble maymed who they be 84. Penaltee of a blowe in the old tyme. 100. Perdicca graund maister vnder Alexander 103. Peloponnesians 174. Perdicca one of Alexander his capitaines 202. Pericles a noble manne of Athenes 271. PersoÌ„s coÌ„deÌ„ned to death 22.301 Philosophie altereth nature 33. Phthia 39. Philosophie what fruite it bryngeth 43.140 Philosophiers would lyue well without lawes 44. Philosophiers haunte riche mennes houses 45.47 Philosophiers are phisiciaÌ„s of the mynde 48. Philosophie is aboue Rhetorike 50. Philosophiers are more excellent then oratoures 52. Philosophiers knowe wheÌ„ to speake and when not ibi Phryne an herlotte 59.136 Philosophiers are neuer in exstreme penurye 65. Philosophy what coÌ„modytees it bryngeth 83.145 Philosophiers how thei paye for their meales 86. Philosophie healeth all diseases of the mynde 89. Philosophie knowen what it proffiteth 10.63 Philosophiers haue the ouerhande of menne 102. Philippus kyng of Macedonie 102.159.335 Philippus chalenged Diogenes for â— spye 102. PhalaÌ„giuÌ„ a venemous spider 103 Philosophiers begge not but requyre theyr owne 107 Philosophiers are beste that nede fewest thynges 127. Philosophiers are eaters of all manier of meates 128. Philosophiers what are their offices 154. Philippus his prayer wheÌ„ he had soÌ„dry good chauÌ„ces c. 160. Philippus contemned a feloe that railled on hym 162. Philippus his clemencie and moderacion ibi Philippê° oughed moste thaÌ„kes to suche as railled at hym 163. Philippus called Athenes the staige of his glorie 165. Philippus his iudgemente vpon two flagicioâ—s feloes that accused either other 165. Philippus suffred no manne that gaue hym any thyng to passe vnrecompenâ—ed 169. Philippus deposed a iudge for diyâ—g his heade 172. Philippus guildren 197. Philippê° wouÌ„ded in fightyng against the Trybalies 206. Pharnaces kyng of PoÌ„tê° 269. Phraâ—tes kyng of the Parthians 285. Phocion a counsaillour of Athenes 291. PhocioÌ„ was neuer seen laugh ne wepe ibi PhocioÌ„ vsed fewe woordes 292 Phocion liked nothyng that the grosse people either did or saied 292. Phocion refused money that AlexaÌ„der offred hym 294.298 Phocion his counsaill to the Atheniens 295. Phocion condemned to death by the Atheniens 300. Phoâ—ion dyed an innocente 301. Phocion what he saied to the hangmanne 302. Phocion the are of Demosthenes his reasons 334. Pirates 201. Piso married the doughter of Cicero 311.314 Pleasure and peyne foloen either other 30. Plato and Aristippus were in courte with Dionysius 44. Place maketh not the ê‘sone of lesse dignitee 52. Plato loâ—ed money better thaÌ„ Aristippus did good fare 58. Plato refused to daunce in purple 62. Plaine speakyng all menne cannot alowe 65. Plato a maÌ„ne of sobre diete 72. Plato checked of Diogenes 73. Plato loued clenlynesse ibi Plato his eloquence 74. Plato his diffinicion of a maÌ„ 98 Possessions none so good as a true frende 14. Poison that Socrates dranke 21.22.30 Pouertee of the mynde is miserable