Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	wood_n	work_n	wrought_v	20	3	7.1353	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01504	The arte of vvarre Beeing the onely rare booke of myllitarie profession: drawne out of all our late and forraine seruices, by William Garrard Gentleman, who serued the King of Spayne in his warres fourteene yeeres, and died anno. Domini. 1587. Which may be called, the true steppes of warre, the perfect path of knowledge, and the playne plot of warlike exercised: as the reader heereof shall plainly see expressed. Corrected and finished by Captaine Hichcock. Anno. 1591.	Garrard, William, d. 1587.; Hitchcock, Robert, Captain. aut; Garrard, Thomas.	1591 (1591)	STC 11625; ESTC S105703	258,437	384

he shall it is requisite that he make prouision that euery peece haue hys sufficient number of draught-Horses and Oxen apt to carry the same according to the nature of the Countrey with conuenient speede and great facilitie The sayd Horses or Oxen ought alwaies to haue men for the purpose to gouerne them who at all times in all places ought euerie one to lodge neere hys owne Péece day and night that they may alwayes be ready to do theyr office thereby to auoyde confusion that vnawares in such cases doe oftentimes fall when things be not well placed in order Likewise it is conuenient that euerie heauie Peece as the Cannon Culuerine Demiculuerine or Demicannō haue a Gunner to attend thereupon and euery Gunner haue his Coadiutor or 〈◊〉 and they both a man to serue them and to ayde them to 〈◊〉 dischardge mounte wadde clense scoure and coole the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they are ouerheated For which there must be alwayes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Uineger colde water c. Besides that eu●…rie heauie Peece in some certayne respect must haue alone by himselfe a Master of the wood and a Smyth that together they may aptly supply the needfull force and strength for the weelding of so huge and heauie a Machine as is a Cannon It is necessary that h●… create a sufficient Corporal or C●…nstable ouer the Gunners who may take care and charge ouer them and that hee may maintayne and keepe order amongst them yea and continually ouerviewe examine and search the Instruments to charge to sp●…nge make cleane the Peeces coole them with vineger and colde water and such lyke This Corporall or Cunstable must likewise looke to the lyfe and behauiour of the Gunners their gouernment and customes theyr committed and conuenient orders their obedience and actions and it is conuenient that he prayse and confirme the good dooings of them and reprehend and disprayse the euill vse of others making report thereof to his chiefe Captaine master for that he may readily by hys meanes who hath authoritie vse remedie agaynst such inconuenience as wold aryse the which sometimes is occasion of great disturbance and of errours of importance For the better performance of this great Officers seruice hée ought to be very curious and carefull for the safe-keeping of the Munition of powder which is allotted for the seruice of Artillary Musket and Hargabuziers and fyre works so lykewyse he must haue regard to the Bulletes to the Lead to the Match whether it be of Cotton Hempe or Flex to the Ladders the Iron worke the wood worke the Salt-peter the Coales and Brimstone For somtimes euery one of these things is caried by it selfe for more safty agaynst burning and artificiall fyres which are accustomed to be carryed for the seruyce of the armie and to furnish and suffice during the warres and therefore hee must take care that hee haue good prouision of Cartes or Wagons or some other sufficient meane apt to carry these Munitions and necessary preparations together with the whole quantity of Ropes of wood fitte and com modious to serue for the vse of hys office Of tables apt to make Bridges ouer ditches in all other places where the passage of the Artillarie or Armie is stauled And so consequently of many other things that be cōmitted to hys gouernment to conduct since that the Ordenance with the impediments belonging thereunto be of greater trauayle and toyle then the rest of the Campe. To this Officer therefore appertaynes a Cunstable or Lieuetenant as I sayd before and certayne Clarkes in wages who are to haue regard vnto the foresayde causes and to attend vppon inferior matters rendering account of all their dooings to the Master of the Ordenance From time to time he must fore-see as I sayd before to prouyde that there remayne stuffe enough in store for all kind of necessaries belonging to the Artillarie as whéeles for Ordenance Axeltrees Ladles Spunges bullets chayne shot crosse barres corne powder serpentine powder Mattockes shouelles Crowes of yro●… hand Axes Engines for the mounting of Ordenance Graund Maundes or Gabions little hand basketes Ropes and all other Carte ware To haue the Gunners not only skilful in the ready managing of theyr peeces but also in the making of Trunckes Balles Arrowes and all other sortes of wylde fyre and fyre worke and for the continuall supply of them they ought to haue in a readinesse great store of Sulphure Saltpeter Rosine Calx viue Quicke peall Lintesede oile and cōmon Lampe oyle Pitch Tarre Camfere Waxe Tutia Arsenicke Quick siluer and Aqua vite Hereof let him frame balles of fyre to burne in the water Cressets and Torches that stormes or windes canont extinguish murthering buullets to be shot out of great morter péeces and such lyke If any band in the Campe want Powder or Match or shot the Master of the Ordenance vpon request of the Captaine is to giue order that his Clarkes deliuer the same taking a bill of the Captaynes hand for theyr discharge The which bill must at the pay day bee deliuered to the Treasurer who is to stoppe so much vpon the pay of the Captaine and hys band Let him prouide that there be of whéele-wrights Carpenters Coopers Smithes Bowyers Fletchers Masons and such other skilful Artisans with all tooles and necessary néedfull to preserue repayre make all such thinges as to the Artillarie and munition appertaineth To him likewise it appertayneth to cast bridges ouer waters Riuers and Ditches for the commoditie of the army and consequently for that respect must take great care to carrie wyth hym men apt sufficient and fitte for that kinde of seruice as Shipwrightes Wagon-wrightes Makers of Cables and such as be practised in sayling to the intent that at time of neeede they may be the better able to performe any enterprise So likewise he must cause certaine boates or barks to be made somwhat massiue with fitte and apt peeces of plancks and boords in square forme for a bridge to be fastned and nayled vpon the said Barke in such sorte that being ioyned peece to péece with a great Rope or Cable thrust through and turned double through certain ringes of yron which are fastened vppon the extreame partes of the poyntes or corners of euerie peece of the bridge and for euerie peece foure Kinges one at euery corner which beeing prepared the bridge may be put together entyre and whole Upon that side the Riuer your Armie doth remayne where two stakes two pillers or two Trées stifly planted one ende of the bridge must bee tyed and accommodated with ropes of sufficient strength the which ende being already turned towards the fall of the Water and the other towards the running of the streame must afterwards be sette frée loose and thrust forth and disseuered from the bancke by certaine of the foresaid men practised in sayling who ought at due time cast Anckers into the Riuer which are of force to sustaine the bridge from béeing carried downe further then

the Artillarie and of the diligent arte and infinite pollicies vsed of souldiours of valour the which is farre more then any witte of small practise can imagine since that he is not capable of any thing but that his simple iudgement doth behold And for thys respect besides a particuler profession in this art it behoues hym of necessity to be able to draw proportions That he haue knowledge in the art prospectiue in numbers in measure in making of Gabions in making of Lotte compounde simple to nayle them dispearse and sowe them to compounde Fagote of good boughes to know how to ioyne and mayle with wood these kynde of workes to dispearse and distribute the earth with sufficiency and that it be well deuided or sifted amongst the Fagots and cliftes to the ende that they may be easyly endomaged with fyre and thereby to make them stedfast To beate well downe and fasten the labour with maules of wood to giue reasonable and easie issue to the course of water that might chaunce to make corruption and to make cloach large and walled and not otherwise for that by meanes of water such lyke workes are accustomed to receiue great ruines and hinderance And it is necessary moreouer for him to knowe howe with due measures to forme Bulwarkes Caualieres Platformes straight and crooked Casemates Couers Canoneres Merlones Curtines Scarpes false Portes secrete issues for footemen and horse men Counterditches Ditches Sholders and Counterscarpes and he must beware that in hys parapettes he make no windows nor loope holes neyther small nor great to the intent they be not choked neyther strooken by leuill nor displanted of the Enimye with hys Artillarie But he must prouyde that the sayd Parapettes be so placed that very commodiously the Artillarie the Muskets the Hargabuziers and all other sortes of offensiue weapons may play and trouble the Enimy without being as is afforesayde manifestly disturbed and displanted by the enimy Touching the entryes or Gates which bee made to enter into Fortresses they ought to bee made in the midst of the Curtine or rather neere adioyning to the flanke of the Bulwarke with a bridge of wood to the intent that in time of siege the same may be cut downe or burnt The Porte ought to be so lowe that being on the Counterscarpe without the same remayne discouerd It is requisite also that at the entrie of the sayd Porte there be a safe place for diuers respects and specially to keepe assured the Souldiours Armes In the bottome of the Merlone or rather néere adioyning to the flancke of the Bulwarke an issue must be made which may serue for the Souldiours whilst the batterie is in making to issue foorth to the intent also they may defende the Dytch and take away the ruines of the batterie because they would hinder the Cannoniers and be a meanes that the enemie myght approch the néerer There be many which require that the Curtines shold compasse or be bended inward towardes the Fortresse with a platforme eyther within or without or a Caualiere vpon the brinke of the sayd Curtine They alledge for theyr reason that the enemy thereby is much more endomaged and that his battery is more crooked and therefore procures lesse danger to the Fortresse then if it were straight But I am of an opinion that if a man worke in that sort the bulwarks cannot haue theyr ample places and thicke sholders to be able to sustaine the blowes of the Artillarie and euen so it should be likewise difficile to make retraites Therefore I thinke it is not good to haue the Curtines folded compasse wise or crooked if the situation of the place doo not require the same But I would rather they should be straight from one Bulwarke to another And furthermore it were good that they were of such length that not only the great Cannons of the first place but also the smal Peeces may clense the front of the Bulwarke Some perchance wil affirme that the Curtyne being short the great Cannons would become hurtfull to the Bulwarks of the Fortresse For aunswere whereof I say That in the first place when the enimie doth assault the Forte the great Cannons ought not to bee charged with bullets for defence of the sayd Forte but rather filde with peeces of yron or of some other Mettall or with stones or chaynes for these thinges worke a marueilous effect against the assaults and Escalades which the Enimie doth giue To shoote bullets in great Cannons were good when the Ditch is full of Rockes and heapes of stones for the sayd Bullet striking amidst the sayd he apes of stones dispearsing sparkeling them will make a great slaughter of those which giue the assault Bullets in the great Cannons be good also to break the Trenches and Engines which the enimies make within the Dith Moreouer the length of the Curtine beeing correspondent to the carying of the small Peeces is cause that the shot of the sayde Peeces becomes the dispatch and mortalitie of the Enimies and the defence and sustentation of the Fortresse for almost against all Fortresses the Enimie worketh vnder the Curtine with Trenches in cutting through the Counterscarpe or rather by filling of y● ditch thereby the more commodiously to cut the sayde Curtine or Bulwarke and so make steppes or degrees to ascende to giue assault to the Fortresse as I sawe performed at the siege of Limbourgh the head Citty of that Dutchie where the Prince of Parma being Lieuete●…ant of the Armie in Don Iohn d'austria hys absence betwixt the batterie and the breach in bottome of the dry Ditch certaine close couerts were made from whence the Souldiers might ascend vp to giue the assault by certayne steppes cut out of the hyll and Bulwarke it selfe by which the towne was entred although in ende it yeelded It is profitable to haue water in the ditch when a Fortresse is situate in such a place that it borders vppon diuers Enimies for water brings with it this comodity that vnawares in the night it cannot be assaulted by Escalade Water likewise is profitable to small Fortresses wherein there is not such great numbers of people as one may be able to make issue for the defence thereof But for a great Fortresse where it is necessary to make sallies it is requisite the ditch be dry for that in the same a man hath space to make retraites and is farre more commodious to make issues and sallies to defende the sayd Ditch specially if the bancke descending from the Curtine bee cutte rounde with couert and close Trenches euen with the Counterscarpe as was about the dry Ditch of Louayne vnder the gouernment of my Collonell the Baron of Cheuerau when we did dayly attend the siege of 60000. men in Campe by Machlin guided by Casamire and the Counte Bossu 1578. Lyke wise a Ditch being dry one may comodiously take away the ruines which the Enimyes make with theyr batteries to the intent the sayde ruines doe not

worthy and commendable acts spring of vigilant warinesse Therefore a corporall cape de squadre disnier or chiefe of chamber or how you list to terme thē ought to be no lesse prudent and carefull ouer the gouernment of his people then a father in ruling of his family and as euery parent doth passe in age his children euen so a corporall should be such that he may exceede an●… souldier i●… not by experience and yeares at leastwise with diligence and sharpenesse of wit Through which indeuour and exercise ioyned with a feruent desire and delight to attaine to the perfit tip of this honourable profession he shall euery day become more cap●…able and of greater experience wherefore I would as neare as is possible not only haue him expresly acquainted with the aduertisements and martiall lawes following but also ind●…ed with the best of th●…se conditions which I haue set out in my former discourse of a priuate souldier since yt●…o mount vp to this second degrée it is very necessary requisite that he haue made long abode in the practise and experience in the first step of seruice appertaining to a priuate souldier The captaine must select choose sou●…e of the most skilfull souldiers which be honest loyall and perfect catholicke Christians out of euerie hundreth in his ●…and whereof two are to haue charge of the shotte the other two of the pikes euerie one guiding 24. a péece the which ought all of them to be lodged togither and the corporall himselfe in the middest of his charge whereby when anie secret seruice is to be done they may call and assemble by the appointment of the superiour officers their whole squadron or what lesse number els without the sound of anie drum Now then a corporall with his squadron of 25. or more according to the discretion of the captaine lodging togither with his companie must prouide generally for all their reasonable wants of wages match powder and other munition and must instruct them how to handle their weapons He must likewise remember perfectly howe euerie one is armed and furnished when he receiueth them in charge and to see that no part therof be spoiled but preserued neat and trimme and aboue all things to looke well to the behauiour of his companie not suffering them to vse vnlawfull and prohibited gaming neither to giue themselues to drinking and surfetting but to spare of theyr pay to furnish themselues brauely and surely against the enemy wherein he ought to vse his chiefe indeuour And if it happen that any fault is committed his part is not violently to punish the souldier himselfe as heereafter is touched but to make it knowne to his captaine who must not neyther as some rashly do reuenge himselfe but communicate the same with the Marshall or his prouost who onely haue vnder the generall authoritie to punish and this due course of iustice shal be more terrible to the souldier and bréed lesse cuill will in them to the captaine and officers generally in these respects the corporal must touching the foresayd causes or such like or if any souldier be sicke hurt or absent by way of imprisonment or death immediatly make report thereof finding any thing worthy relation and spare no man but deliuer ouer the trueth to the sergeant the sergeant from hym or togither with the corporall to the lieutenant he or they all ioyntly to the captaine who is to take order in the cause Thus shall dignitie of officers be maintained and officers and faultes redressed to the great example of the euill and comfort of the good But somewhat more amply to set down the foresaid respects togither with certayne other aduertisements A corporall must alwaies foresée and examine that the souldiers of his squadron kéep their armes in order clean and intyre and the Hargabusiers stored with match bullets and powder and such like necessaries a thing worthy to be noted and obserued in this profession the which makes sh●…w that the same is of a good souldier not onely vsed in time of war but in all other times and places being a knowne difference betwixt the legitimate and lewd professors of armes He ought of necessitie still to instruct exhort them that they liue togither friendly wtout discord that they be modest and sparing in their victuals profitable in their apparell and that generally they do shun swearing and blaspheming vpō gréeuous punishment by which act of blaspheming and swearing by the holie name of the sacred Trinity they commit greater villany offence before God then if before the world they did commit most wicked acts or infinit errors Likewise let him prohibit al vnlawful games for the performance wherof he ought to procéed with as great dexteritie and curtesie as he can that alway in matters of importance he may haue that due obedience which is required not through crueltie gaine the hate and euill will of those persons which in many other thinges beside are to obey him for to chastise them lies neither in hys power neyther in the arbitriment of other officers although they be of degrees higher then he but doth iustly appertayn to the office of the maister of the campe and marshal of the field The which point is to be noted and obserued to the discredit of some captains which at this day delight to imbrew their murthering hands in the bloud of souldiers and men perchance of honest behauior being moued thereunto through some hatred toy or beastly passion Therefore he must alwayes be mindfull to obserue this honourable rule of diuers good and discréet officers who somtimes do ouersee and winke at light faultes and procéed with a certain modestie and lenitie although in matters of greater insolency with seueritie Notwithstanding these such like authorities the corporall ought to be no lesse obedient to euery least poynt of the marshal lawes and in ranck and aray or in other places where those of greater gouernment be he must performe obserue the part and dutie of a priuate souldier and retain like order and obedience for where our betters be the lesse g●…e place But when alone with his squadron he is conducted to ye●…ace where he is to make watche and ward then must he take vpon him his office and make prouision of wood or coles that he may alwaies haue fire burning in his corps of gard aswel in the day as in the night and aswel in the summer as in the winter wtout which he ought neuer to kéep watch because it is a most necessary munition for the Hargubusiers to light their match withall ●… for other néedfull respects Likewise he must prouide for oyle for candles for the night time for lanterns and such like at the sergeant maiors handes or of some others who haue charge to prouide for those things are accustomed to distribute the same If he kéep his corps de gard in an open and plain place or otherwise he must conform the company of

may offend and endomage the same Hée must set out likewise whether the bulwarkes walles or rocks be weake or strong old or new repaired or ruinous rampiers or otherwise if their situation lie hie or low on marish ground sand grauell or rockes or vpon auncient buildings or ruines Likewise let him discribe towards what part of the world they stand whether East West South or North If they will suffer or bée in danger to bée myned to bée battered to bée assaulted with ladders or with any other manifest or secret er●… pugnation and vpon what side and place Hée must set downe notice if there bée fountains or cesternes if great ryuers or floodes and if the said water bée possible to bee taken away stopt or infected of the enimie and must aduertise what remedie may bée vsed to the contrarie Moreouer hee must consider in what ayre those Cities stand if in whoat or cold drie or moist or rather mirt and temperate if the places be apt to be kept defended If the ayre wil suffer that victuales munitions and souldiers will bee conserued or otherwise What store of victuales is in ech Towne or Fortresse or the countrie adioining and whether there bee fit commoditie to carie and recarie the same by water or by land And if the place bée vpon the sea coast whether it bée a hauen Towne or fisher towne what depth the barre is of at the ebbe and full the capacitie of the harbour and what s●…oare of vessels belong to the same together with the disposition of the sea faring men the goodnes of the shippes both for swift saile and fight how they are stoar●… with ordinance and munitions and armde with netting grates and feightes c Let him diligently obserue how many housholds and houses bée in euerie towne how many persons how many able men for souldiers vpon foote how many for horsemen and how many for pioners how many oxen how many horses to dra●… cartes or artillarie how many beastes of burden to carrie victuales ech place is able to kéepe or make what artillarie what munition and victuales bee found in ech Towne or fortresse from whence euery place may be succoured and victualed and from whence victuales may bée had to sustain those places which are apt to bée defended and kept How many souldiers there bée of the infantarie and how many of the Cauallarie if they oftentimes vse exercise of Armes and make shewes or Musters whether they bée well or euill armed coragious or cowards politike or rash obedient or mutinous expert or ignorant old or new bands and shall in effect consider what is to bée looked for at their hands or what their abilitie is apt to performe This done hée may with all other requisite diligence set downe notice of any other particular or necessarie thing If the Riuers and floodes bée nauegable if they ebbe or flow if they bée easie to bée kept and their bridges foords and passages be defended where they bée weake or stronge ebbe or déepe the which is easie to bée knowen for where the water is most ebbe or shallow most fit for a foard there doth appeare a rigge or streame caused of the substance and matter which doth run by the depth and doth make stay there the which for that it hath oftentimes bin experimented is most true as diuers haue tried Hée must discrie the condition of the hilles of the vallies the qualitie of the confines of the waters of the fennes of the myres and lakes and other thinges worthie to bée noted and in what part of the prouince the ground is fertile or barraine if abundantly it bringes foorth graine grapes fruites oyles séedes flaxe or hempe what store of cattell and beastes there bée and of what sorts If that there bée woodes and towards what part If therein grow wood for building or for fire Let him likewise aduertise whether the entrance of the countrie bée difficile and the issue easie or contrarie And amongst other things to bée considered it is a thing of great importance to vnderstand perfectly whether the people bée industrious or ydle if warlike or labourers if quiet or disquiet if friendly or factious If the footemen for weapons vse the hargabuze musket halberd pike or the bow the dart and browne bill if short swords and poynaldes or long swords and great daggers If the horsemen vse firelocke peeces or snap-haunces if pistolets launces and long chasing staues or else what manner of weapon they vse their nature and order in feight and what policies and stratagemes they are accustomed to vse And to conclude hée must thus in writing in notes in plaine draughts and painting let him with good deliberation and aduisement and not rashlie make manifest and apparant euery small particular thing to the intent that his Prince Generall Collonell or Captaine béeginning at the one end may with the eye of his mind run ouer peruse the whole one by one in due proportion briefly plainly in a table as the view of a gallant Theater from whence the veile of the shading curtaine is suddainlie drawne and make apparant to the eyes of all the beholders the sight of some sumpteous shew or that taking hold at the one end hée may draw altogether like a well linked chaine so that any one which hath not séene the place beholding the portrature thereof may thinke hée doth view the same with his eyes whereby all these discriptions of the said countrie in generall or any parcel in particular may verie wel serue and with great aide direct him that must enter into or gouerne a Prouince to the great increase of the honour of any noble Prince or worthy Captaine These and such like bée the qualities I would wish to bée in a valiant Caualliere of Saint Georges squadre in a Lieutenant Sergeant or any other good souldiers that hée may know how to direct guid gouerne traine skirmish view discouer and discribe the proportion and situation of Countries And for the better performance thereof to haue good knowledge in the Mathematikes speciallie in Algarosme Algebra and Geometrie whereby hée may worthily merite a good Souldiers name A rule to set any number of Souldiers in aray THe footemen béeing brought into the place where they are to bée put in aray First you must foresée that it bée fit for the purpose and so capable that the aray may commodiously turne on the right and the left hand as much as may bée neuerthelesse according to the number of the souldiers you haue afterwardes proceede in this fort First the Pikes must bee drawen by themselues on one side together with the Ensignes and vpon the other side all the Hargabuziers somewhat aloofe off distant from the pikes béeginning to make the hargabuziers march so many in a ranke as you list parting them neuerthelesse according to their number You may put them from 3. to 12. in a ranke for it is not often séene that more

such sort that a man neede not to feare that they shall not remaine firme and iust although they be shotte from the morning euen vnto the euening The greater the battery is made and with the greater number of péeces the more shall he astonish the enemie and make easie his enterprise specially if the battarie may be crossed and trauersed If you can haue the commoditie to rayse vppe a Caualier or Mount so that thereby the Curtine may be discouered the same shall remaine of great aduantage Note that you must continually shoote without ceasing if it be possible for it imports very much when ye giue the besieged no leysure to take breath or make repayre Cease not likewise to shoote in the night for the performaunce whereof there is manie good meanes as héereafter if leysure will permitte I meane to write of You shall make your Trenches néere to the Ditch principallie on that side where the batterie is made and there you shall place a good troupe of Hargubuziers and those of the most expert and brauest Souldiours in the Armie who likewise must haue theyr Corpes de garde with theyr issue and passage theyr Corpes de garde may behaue themselues in that order as you may behold in such sort as they may likewise serue for the flancks the enemies Artillary first displanted These Hargabuziers or rather Musketeares must haue Péeces of two ounces of Calibre for by such like the besieged are greatlie troubled principally when the walles and Bulwarkes begin to ruinate This figure next following makes my former words more apparant By reason that for the most parte the 〈◊〉 couer the flanckes so that a man cannot easily endomage them the said Counterscarpes must be cutte and opened in such sorte that the flanckes may be battered But touching the filling vp of the Ditches and to couer and choake them is a worke both difficile and long if they within the Fortresse be men of courage and experience vnlesse it bee a rowling Trench If the fortification be of earth the ruine thereof may be attempted by entering into the Ditch and cut it downe as oftentimes it hath béene experienced Nowe resteth it to speake somewhat of Mynes and Ca●…es for that they be matters of great effect as hath béene often tryed aswell in times past as in these dayes And although sometymes they haue not fallen out according to mans pretence the same did aryse rather because they were not well made then for any other respect Heerein diuers reasons may be alleaged Amongst others it hath béene tryed that going about to mine walles or Platformes the fyre hath burst out and forced that part towards the mouth which was artificially stopt rather then to ouerthrow and ruine the Bulwarke as was determined The same might easily fall out by reason there was small height giuen to the Caue or vaute and that by that meanes shee coulde not take her accustomed force to ryse vpwarde and worke the effect but contrariwise she bursteth out by that parte which is most féeble without working very little or any domage at all to the Fortresse To confirme this saying I will speake that which hath béen seene by experience that is hauing put powder not in great quan titie within Caues and Chambers which haue not béene entyrely stopt but haue diuers issues as doores and windows the same hath procured great ruines and much more then a man woulde thinke Therefore in mine opinion the same hath come to passe for that the fyre hath had both space and height to worke his forces the which hath beene such as there hath beene no obstacle or encounter which woulde haue béene sufficient to haue repressed the same and sent it to the open places but it hath wrought and performed his course according to the effect of his nature Therfore when these Caues or Uautes are made as dooth appertaine gyuing them such forme as this Element may worke his force and effect certaynely they bring foorth marueilous effects But for that these thinges are necessary to be entreated of in particulers I will beginne a fresh to d●…late somewhat more largely thereof Therefore when an Armie doth march to besiege any Citty It is necessary before hand to examine the intelligences of such persons as perfectly knowe the situation thereof the strength and all the wayes and passages vnto the same And hauing together with the principall Captaynes made full discourse thereof for theyr perfect instruction determination must be made what is to be done vppon theyr approch to the Towne and what lodgings must be ceased vpon at the first whether one two or more according to the situation of the place and as is most conuenient For it is euer much better for two reasons to lodge euen at the first as neere vnto the Portes and Gates as it is possible The one is that the enemy thereby shall be much abashed and discouraged the other is that they shall haue no leysure to burne the adioyning houses where the Army may lodge if before it be not already done neither shall these bee hindered to take their Lodgings or mount their Artillarie to goe to that lodging a fresh vpon an other day Sometime it hath béene séene that the Armie hath planted lodged it selfe before 3 or 4 gates at one instant one part of the Campe as soone as an other the which hath beene tryed very good so that there were people enough in the Armie The Marshall of the hoast must be accompanied with so forcible and strong a band of horsemen and footemen that he may ouermatch those of the Town who if they chaunce to sallie forth either on foote or on horse-backe to repulse them as furiously as is possible euen within the Gates for sometimes there falles out such disorder and confusion that either they may enter Pesle Mesle or kill some Chiestana or make such a slaughter of Souldiours that the Towne shal be much the sooner taken at the leastwise vpon the repulse the Master Gunner or Ingeniour following the great Marshall may haue commodity to view and discouer the places and plottes where the Artillarie is to be planted c. Which beeing accomplished the Marshall is to sound the retraite and to lodge as néere the Towne as is possible so that it be without the batterie The approches be made by Trenches and Maunds Wooll sackes as before I haue declared and as heereafter may appeare by figures in the defence of a Town Neuerthelesse they must be accommodated according to the situation of the grounde and turned and compassed according to the opposite Bulwarkes of the enemy the which are to bee begun●…e in the night specially the planting of the batterie The Trenches are to be made high great large and déepe for the safety of the Soldiours and such men of account as vse to come into them in respect that the Prince himselfe may sometimes goe into them neuertheles verie seldome The Trenches beeing begunne where the Artillarie is