reason is they are more agreeable to any of the parts If they be to enter into any câ—ooked narrow passage such as the ear they must be more liquid and have more oil if they be to stick on the part they will admit of more axungia and suet They are deceived who think that the difference between liniments and ointments is that there is no wax in liniments as there is in unguents for there be some unguents which admit not any wax to be added as Aegyptiacum and all such as are used in gangrenes and all sorts of putrid ulceâ—s because to these kinds of diseases all fatty things as oils fats rosins and wax are enemies Therefore we substitute in the place of them in Aegyptiacum hony and verdigrease for of these it hath his consistence and his quality of cleansing CHAP. XXVI Of Ointments OIntments are of a more solid consistence then Liniments and are therefore of more force Their differences are partly taken from their effects for some heat others cool some dry Ointments and their differences and some humect some cleanse some corroborate some waste dead flesh and others cicatrize partly from the variety of colors partly from the first inventors as Album Rhasis Dâ—siccativum rubrum partly from the number of the simple medicaments whereof they be made as Tetrapharmacum Tripharmacum or Nutritum partly from that medicament which is principal in the composition hence are they called Vnguentum de Lithargyro de Minio Diapomphâ—ligos and such like They are compounded of herbs roots seeds fruits metals and part of Beasts the juices and other liquid things being consumed away by boiling as we have said in the Chapter of compound Oils Herbs and the parts of them if they be dry must be powdred and also metals but being green they are boiled and strained forth and the juice so pressed is wasted by boiling Gums and Rosins some are powdred others being put to some convenient liquor are dissolved by fire So wax is dissolved in the Oil. In the composition of unguents this proportion is usually observed that for one ounce oâ— powder two ounces of Wax and eight of oil is added notwithstanding for that Wax serveth only to the consistence of the Ointment it is better to leave the quantity to the will of the Apothecary but he may be more sparing in adding Wax to the ointments in Summer then in winter for the heat of Summer drying them addeth to the consistence by examples propounded these common precepts will more plainly appear â„ž Olei ros â„¥ iv pil lepor bol armen terrae sigil an Ê’i bal. Gallar an Ê’ ss tritis terendis simul mixtis Unguentum adstâ— ingens addit â cerâ quod sufficit fiat unguentum Here we must observe that there be three waies of making ointments The first is oâ— those which are made only by stirring or grinding in the Mortar without any fire and so is made Vnguentum nutritum The second is when we dissolve Wax in Oil Fat or some such substance with fire and being all dissolved we mingle the powders according to the proportion we noted before After which manner are made Vnguentum Aureum Basilicon Diapompholigos Desiccativum rubrum Enulatum The third sort is when we bruise herbs with a Pestel and mingle them with Axungie boiling them together and then straining them and the ointment is that which is strained Therefore let us proceed to explain this by examples uâ—gu nâ—um nuâ—â—â—m â„ž Lythar auri triti loti lb ss olei ros lb. i. aceti ros â„¥ iv fiat Vnguentum First we put the Lytharge into the Mortar powring in a little Oil and working it with a Pestil that it may grow thick then with the Oil we put a little Vinegar continually working until they mingle into one body now and then between whiles adding sometimes a little Oil sometimes a little Vinegar untill the whole be brought to the consistence of an ointment If of an ointment of this kind thou wouldest make a black plaister by degrees consume all the Vinegar so shall the plaster shine and grow black Unguenâ—um auâ—â—â—m â„ž Cerae citr â„¥ vi olei boni lb. ii tereb â„¥ ii resin coloph. an â„¥ i ss olib mastich an â„¥ i. croci Ê’i fiat Vnguentum First dissolve the Wax with a good part of Oil then add the Rosin and Colophonie broken small These being dissolved take the composition from the fire and then add the Turpentine when the whole is somewhat cooled add the Olibanum and Mastick being finely powdred then the Saffron which shall be macerated in the rest of the Oil. Ung. Tetrapharmacum seu Basilicum Tetrapharmacon is so called because it is made of four simple medicines Wax Rosin Pitch Tallow of each a like quantity and so equally mixed â„ž Resin picis nigr adip vituli cerae an â„¥ ii ss Olei veteris olivarum maturarum lb. i. ss or if you would have it harder ss i. that ointment is also called Basilicon the Wax being cut small and dissolved in Oil then add the rest of the things which being dissolved thou shalt have the desired ointment â„ž Olei ros â„¥ ix cer alb â„¥ iii. succi solani hortensis â„¥ iv Cerus lâ—t â„¥ i. Pâ—mpholygos plumbi usti loti clib puri an â„¥ ss fiat unguentum Dissolve the Wax in the Oil with a gentle fire Ung Diapompholyges then you shall take it from the fire and add to the rest of the ingredients working them together in a stone Mortar powring on the juice by degrees at least so much of it as will incorporate â„ž Lap. calam ter sig an â„¥ ii Litharg auri cerus an â„¥ i ss Camphor Ê’ss cerae â„¥ iiss Olei rosat viol Ung deficcativum â—ubâ—um an â„¥ iii. fiat Vnguentum Dissolve the Wax in the Oyl then set it to cool and work in the powders with a spatter and at last add the Camphir dissolved in a little Oil of Roses or Rosewater â„ž Rad. enul campan coct cum aceto contus ut decet lb ss Axung pâ—rci olei commu an â„¥ i ss argen Ung Enulatum vivi exstincti et tereb lot an Ê’i sal commu pulverisati Ê’ii incorporate them according to art The boiled roots must be drawn through a Sieve which being boiled by a gentle fire with the Axungia must be continually stirred then put to the Salt with Oil and Wax when you set it from the fire to cool then add the Quicksilver being killed with a little Axungia and Turpentine â„ž Olei rosat â„¥ ix cerus alb â„¥ iii cer alb â„¥ iâ— make it thus â—ut the Ceruss be finely powdred Ung. Album Rhâ—sis and put into the Oil and Wax whilst it is hot and so work the whole together untill they shall be brought into a body â„ž Rad. Alth. lb. i. semi lini foenugr an lb. ss Scyllae â„¥ iii. Olei com
What an Embrocation iâ— when as from an high we as it were showâ— down some moisture upon any part This kinde of remedy is chiefly used in the parts of the head and it is used to the coronal future for that the skul is more thin in that part so that by the spiracula or breathing places of this future more open then chose of the other futures the force of the medicine may more easily penetrate unto the Meninges or membranes of the brain The matter of Embrocations is roots leaves flowers seeds fruits and other things according to the intention and will of the Physician They are boiled in water and wine to the half or third part Embrocations may also be made of Lye or Bâ—ine against the cold and humid affects of the brain Sometimes of oyl and vineger otherwhiles of oyl only â„ž fol. plantag solan an m. i. sem portul cucurb an Ê’ ii myrtil Ê’ i. flor nymph ros an p. ss fiat decoct ad lb i. cum aceti â„¥ ii si alte subeundem sit ex qua irrigetur pars inflammata In affects of the brain when we would repercuss we often and with good success use oyl of Roses with a fourth part of vineger We use Embrocations Their use that together with the air drawn into the body by the Diastole of the arteries the subtler part of the humor may penetrate and so cool the inflamed part for the chief use of Embrocations is in hot affects Also we use Embrocations when as for fear of an haemorrhagy or the slying asunder of a broken or dislocated member we dare not loose the bondages wherein the member is bound For then we drop down some decoction or oyl from high upon the bondages that by these the force of the medicine may enter into the affected member CHAP. XXXI Of Epithemes EPithema or an Epitheme is a composition used in the diseases of the parts of the lower middle belly like to a fomentation not much unlike an embrocation What an Epitheme is They are made of waters juices and powders by means whereof they are used to the heart chest liver and other parts Wine is added to them for the more or less penetration as the condition of the hot or cold affect shall seem to require for if you desire to heat more wine must be added as in swooning by the clotting of blood by the corruption of the seed by drinking some cold poison the contrary is to be done in a fainting by dissipation of the spirits by feverish heats also vineger may be added The matter of the medicines proper to the entrails is formerly described yet we commonly use the species of electuaries as the species elect triasantali the liver being affected In the sixth Chapter and Diamargariton in affects of the heart The proportion of the juices or liquors to the powders uses to be this to every pinte of them â„¥ i. or â„¥ iss of these of wine or else of vineger â„¥ i. You may gather this by the following example A cordial Epitheme â„ž aqu ros bugl borag an â„¥ iii. succi scabios â„¥ ii pul elect diamarg. frigid Ê’ii cort citri sicciÊ’i coral ros ebor an Ê’ ss sem citri card ben an Ê’ii ss croci moschi an gra 5. addendo vini albi â„¥ ii fiat Epithema pro corde Their use Epithemes are profitably applied in hectick and burning fevers to the liver heart and chest if so be that they be rather applied to the region of the lungs then of the heart for the heat of the lungs being by this means tempered the drawn in air becomes less hot in the pestilent and drying fevers They are prepared of humecting refrigerating and cordial things so to temper the heat and recreate the vital faculty Sometimes also we use Epithemes to strengthen the heart and drive there-hence venenate exhalations lifted or raised up from any part which is gangrenate or sphacelate Some cotton or the like steeped or moistened with such liquors and powders warmed is now and then to be applied to the affected entrail this kinde or remedy as also all other topick particular medicines ought not to be used unless you have first premised general things CHAP. XXXII Of Potential Cauteries The use of potential cauteries THat kinde of Pyrotick which is termed a Potential Cautery burns and causeth an eschar The use of these kindes of cauteries is to make evacuation derivation revulsion or attraction of the humors by those parts whereto they are applied Wherefore they are often and with good success used in the punctures and bites of venemous beasts in a venemous as also in a pestilent Bubo and Carbuncle unless the inflammation be gâ—eat for the fire doth not only open the part but also retunds the force of the poison calls forth and plentifully evacuates the conjunct matter Also they are good in phlegmatick and contumacions tumors for by their heat they take away the force and endeavours of our weak heat Also they are profitably applied to stanch bleeding or eat or waste the superfluous flesh of ulcers and wens to bring down the callous lips of ulcers and other things too long here to insist upon The ma ter of them The materials of these Cauteries are Oke-ashes Pot-ashes the ashes of Tartar of Tithymals or spurges the Fig-tree the stalks of Coleworts and beans cuttings of Vines as also sal ammoniacum alkali axungia vitri sal nitrum Roman Vitrol and the like for of these things there is made a salt which by its heat is caustick and escharotiâ—â— like to an hot iron and burning coal Therefore it violently looses the continuity by eating into the skin together with the flesh there-under I have thought good here to give you divers forms of them The forms of them Take of unquenâ—ht Lime extinguished in a bowl of Barbers Lye three pounds When the Lye is settled let it be strained and into the straining put of Axungia vitri or Sandiver calcined Argol of each two pounds of Sal nitrum ammoniacum of each four ounces these things must be beaten into a gross powder then must they be boiled over the fire and after the boiling let them remain in the Lye for four and twenty hours space being often stirred about and then strained through a thick and double linnen-cloth lest any of the earthly dross get thorow together with the liquor This strained liquor which is as clear as water they call Capiteum and they put it in a brasen Basin such as barbers use and so set it upon the fire and assoon as it boils they keep it with continual stirring lest the salt should adhere to the basin the Capitellum being half boiled away they put in two ounces of powdred vitriol so to hasten the falling of the eschar and so they keep the basin over the fire until all the liquor be almost wasted away Then they cut
into pieces the salt or that earthy matter which remains after the boiling away of the Capitellum with a knife or hot iron spatula form them into cauteries of such figure and magnitude as they think fitting and so they laye them up or keep them for use in a viol or glass closely stopped that the air get not in Or Take a bundle or sufficient quantity of Bean-stalks or husks of Colewort-stalks two little bundles of cuttings of Vines four handfuls burn them all to ashes which put into a vessel of river-water so let them infuse for a dayes space being stirred ever now and then to this add two pounds of unquencht Lime of Axungia vitri half a pound of calcined Tartar two pounds of Sal niter four ounces infuse all these being made into powder in the foresaid Lye for two or three daies space often stirring it then strain the Capitellum or liquor through a thick cloth until it become clear Put it into a bason and set it over the fire and when as the moisture is almost wholly spent let two or three ounces of vitriol be added when the moisture is sufficiently evaporated make cauteries of that which remains after the formerly mentioned manner Take of the ashes of sound knotty Old oke as much as you please make thereof a Lye pour this Lye again upon other fresh ashes of the same wood let this be done three or four times then quench some Lime in this Ley and of these two make a Capitellum whereof you may make most approved cauteries The sign of good Capitellum For such ashes are hot in the fourth degree and in like sort the stones whereof the Lime by burning becomes fiery and hot to the fourth degree Verily I have made Caureries of Oke-ashes only which have wrought quickly and powerfully The Capitellum or Lye is thought sufficiently strong if that an egg will swim therein without sinking Or Take of the ashes of bean-stalks three pounds of unquencht lime Argol of the ashes of Okewood being all well burnt of each two pounds Let them for two daies space be infused into a vessel full of Lye made of the ashes of Oke-wood and be often stirred up and down Let this Lye then be put into another vessel having many holes in the bottom thereof covered with strums or straw-pâ—pes that the Capitellum flowing thorough these strait passages may become more clear Let it be put twice or thrice upon the ashes that so it may the better extract the heat and caustick quality of the ashes Then putting it into a Barbers basin set it over the fire and when it shall begin to grow thick the fire must be increased and cauteries made of this concreting matter The following cauteries are the best that ever I made trial of The faculty of the silken cautery as those that applied to the arm in the bigness of a Pease in the space of half an hour without pain especially if the part of it self be painless and free from inflammation eat into the skin and flesh even to the bone and make an ulcer of the bigness of ones fingers end and they leave an eschar so moist and humid that within four or five daies space it will fall away of it self without any scarification The cause of the name I have thought good to call these cauteries Silken or Velvet ones not only for that they are like Silk gentle and without pain but chiefly because I obtained the description of them of a certain Chymist who kept it as a great secret for some Velvet and much entreaty Their description is this Take of the ashes of Bean-stalks of the ashes of Oke-wood well burnt of each three pounds Their description let them be infused in a pretty quantity of river-water and be often stirred up and down then add thereto of unquench't lime four pounds which being quench't stirr it now and then together for two daies space that the Capitellum may become the stronger then strain it through a thick and strong linnen-cloth and thus strained put it three or four times upon the ashes that so it may draw more of the caustick faculties from them then boil it in a Barbers basin or else an earthen one well leaded upon a good Char-cole-fire until it become thick But a great part of the secret or Art consists in the manner and limit of this boiling for this Capitellum becomming thick and concreting into salt must not be kept so long upon the fire until all the moisture shall be vanished and spent by the heat thereof for thus also the force of the foresaid medicines which also consists in a spirituous substance will be much dissipated and weakned therefore before it be come to extreme driness it shall be taken from off the fire to wit when as yet there shall some thick moisture remain which may not hinder the cauteries from being made up into a form The made up cauteries shall be put up into a glass most closely luted or stopped that the air may not dissolve them so they shall be laid up kept in a dry place Now becaus the powder of Mercury is neer to cauteries in the effect faculty thereof which therefore is termed pulvis Angelicus for the excellency therefore I have thought good to give you the description thereof which is thus â„ž auripigmenti citrini floris aeris an â„¥ ii salis nitri lbi ss alumin. rochae lbii. vitrioli lbiii The description of Mercury or Angelical powder Let them all be powdred and put into a Retort having a large receiver well luted put thereto Then set the Retort over a Furnace and let the distillation be made first with a gentle fire then encreased by little and little so that the receiver may wax a little reddish â„ž Argenti vivi lb ss aquae fortis lbi ponantur in phiala fiat pulvis ut sequitur Take a large earthen pot whereinto put the viol or bolt-head wherein the Argentum vivum and Aqua fortis are contained setting it in ashes up to the neck thereof then set the pot over a furnace or upon hot coles so that it may boil and evaporate away the Aqua fortis neither in the interim will the glass be in any danger of breaking when all the water is vanished away which you may know is done when as it leaves smoaking suffer it to become cold then take it forth of the ashes and you shall finde calcined Mercury in the bottom of the colour of red Lead separated from the white yellow or black excrement for the white that concretes in the top is called Sublimate which if it should remain with the calcified Mercury you shall make it into powder and put it in a brass vessel upon some coals stirring or turning it with a spatula for the space of an hour or two for thus it will lose a great part of the acrimony and biting whence it will
the urine sloweth much and thick Issues or fontaneâ—s the pain is lessened Many have found benefit by issues for the Attritick malignity flows forth of these as by rivilets experience shews it in such as are troubled with the Lues Venerea for in those that you cannot overcome the malignity by the proper antidote that is Quick-silver they feel no greater ease of the pain then by application of causticks and making of issues They shall be made in sundry places according to the difference of the pained joints Where to be made to wit in the beginning of the neck if the defluxion proceed from the brain and fall into the joints of the collar-bones or shoulder if into the elbow or hand under the muscle Eâ—omis if into the hip knees and feet some three fingers breadth under the knee on the in-side for thus there will follow more plentiful evacuation by reason that the Sapheia runneth down that way An actual cautery Yet if the patient be troubled with much business and must travel much on hors-back then shall they be made on the out-side of the leg between the two bones thereof that so they may trouble him the less in riding If any had rather use an actual cauterie let him take such an one as is triangular and sharp that so he may with more speed and less pain perform that which he intends and let him thrust it through a plate of iron which hath an hole therein and let the plate be marked least he should err the ulcer shall be kept open by putting in a pill of gold silver lint or the root of orris hermodactiles gentian wax wherewith some powder of vitriol mercury or alum shall be incorporated least it should fill up with flesh sooner then the Physician shal I think fit In the mean space the head oft-times the original of the evil shall be evacuated by taking in the winter the pills cochiae and de Assajereth but in summer fine qâ—ibuâ— or Imperiales before the full of the Moon â„ž pul hyerae simp Ê’i agar recent troch rhei an Ê’ii Pils myrobal chebul Ê’ ss tamarind ℈ ii cum infusione senae fiat massa de quâ formentur pill vi pro drachmâ set the patient take two before supper every eighth day the day after he shall drink some broth of the decoction of cicers and the diutetick roots Also these following pills will be good to purge the phlegmatick and serous humor â„ž pillular foetid de hermodactil anÊ’ ss formentur cum succo vâ—il syrup râ—sar solut Or else â„ž aloesÊ’iii agarici trâ—chis rhei an Ê’i massae pilul arthrit de hermoâ—â—ct an ℈ ii diacrid ℈ cum melle rosato fiat massa capiat pondus Ê’i as the Physician shall think fit by whose advice these shall be used and changed as occasion shall offer it self and the nature of the humor causing the disease The day after the purging the patient shall take three hours before meat half a dram of treacle to strengthen the entrails pils are preferred before liquid medicines Common pils with the addition of scamony for that by their too long staie in the stomach they easily attract the noxious humor from the brain and the other more distant parts I have known some Physicians who mixing with ordinary pils a good quantity of scamony as seven or eight grains with a little ginger least it should hurt the stomach have purged by stool a great quantity of serous humors the day following they gave barly cream to correct the harm which the scamony may have done to the stomach Treacle how useful in the Gout Others for the same purpose give treacle which doth not only strengthen the entrails but also weakens the virulency of the gouty malignity the orifice of the ventricle must be shut after meat that so the vapors asscending to the brain may be restrained for this purpose common drige-powder marmelate or conserve of roses are good In a wet season use cephalick perfumes thus made â„ž thuris vernicis Cephalick fumigations mastich an Ê’i granorum juniperi baccarum lauri an Ê’ ss ligni aloesÊ’ii assae odorataeÊ’i ss Let them be grosly beaten let the fume be received in tow or carded cotton and so applied to the head Also the excrementitious humors shall be dried up by the following powder strowed on the patients head for fifteen daies â„ž fol. ros rub senae staechad utriusque an m. ss milii â„¥ iiii furfuris loti in vino allâ— â„¥ iii. florum chaoem milil an p.i. sem aisi â„¥ i. salis com â„¥ ii fiat omnium pulvis Let it be put into linnen bags with which being warmed at the fire in a frying-pan and kept with stirring Cephalick bags the head shall be rubbed Let the following medicine be chawed and kept in the mouth in the form of a masticatory in the time of the falling down of the defluxion â„ž cubebarum nucis moschat A masticatory glycerrhiz anis an Ê’i pyrethri Ê’ii mastich rad staphisarg eryngii an Ê’ii Let them all be made into powder and mixed together and tied up in a little tastatie to the bigness of a hasel-nut and let them be rowled up and down the mouth with the tongue to cause spitting or salivation Working with the hands and frictions of the arms especially in the morning after the evacuation of the excrements are good for such as are troubled with the Gout in the feet for so it not only causeth revulsion from the feet but also the resolution of that which is unprofitable CHAP. XII What diet is convenient for such as have the Gout AFter the body is once fed they must not return to meat before that the concoction be perfected in the stomach least the liver be forced to draw by the mesarick veins that which is yet crude and ill digested and as it were forced thence Whence the depravation of the nutriment of the whole body for the following decoctions do not amend the default of the first The fault of the first concoction is not amended in the after Let them make choice of meat of good juice and easie digestion rosted for such as are phlegmatick but boiled for such as are cholerick As they shall shun much variety one meal so must they eschew the use of pulses milk-meats sallads and sharp things as verjuice vinegar the juice of oranges and citrons They shall not eat unless they be hungry and shall desist therefrom before they be fully satisfied if it be but for this that whilst the native heat is busied in the digestion of meat plenteously eaten it is diverted from the concoction of the noxious humors The flesh of great fowl as swans cranes peacocks are not of laudable juice and are with more difficulty digested in the stomach Some of the antients have disallowed of the eating of capons Câ—pons subject to the gout and such like birds
into a gross powder make thereof a Nodula between two pieces of Cambrick or Lawn of the bigness of an hand-ball then let it be moistned in eight ounces of Rose-water and two ounces of Rose-vinegar and let the patient smell to it often Those things must be varied according to the time For in the Summer you must use neither Musk nor Civet nor such like hot things and moreover women that are subject to fits of the Mother and those that have Fevers or the head-ach ought not to use those things that are so strong smelling and hot but you must make choice of things more gentle Therefore things that are made with a little Camphire and Cloves bruised and macerated together in Rose-water and vineger of Roses shall be sufficient CHAP. XX. What Diet ought to be observed and first of the choice of Meat THe order of Diet in a pestilent disease ought to be cooling and drying not slender Why such as have the plague may feed more fully but somewhat full because by this kind of disease there cometh wasting of the spirits and exsolution of the faculties which inferreth often swounding therefore that loss must be repaired as soon as may be with more quantity of meats that are of easie concoction and digestion Therefore I never saw any being infected with the pestilence that kept a slender diet that recovered his health but died and few that had a good stomach and fed well died Sweet gross moist and clammy meats and those which are altogether and exquisitely of subtil parts are to be avoided for the sweet do easily take fire and are soon inflamed the moist will putrefie the gross and clammy obstruct and therefore engender putrefaction those meats that are of subtil parts over-much attenuate the humors and inflame them and do stir up hot and sharp vapours into the brain whereof cometh a Fever Therefore we must eschew Garlick and Onions Mustard salted and spiced Meats and all kinde of pulse must also be avoided Pulse must be shunned because they engender gross windes which are the authors of obstruction but the decoction of them is not alwaies to be refused because it is a provoker of urine Therefore let this be their order of diet The manner of Diet. let their bread be of Wheat or Barly well wrought well leavened and salted neither too new nor too stale let them be fed with such meat as may be easily concocted and digested and may engender much laudable juice and very little excremental as are the flesh of Wether-Lambs Kâ—â—s Leverets Pullets Partridges Pigeons Thrushes Larkes Quails Black-Birds Turtle-Doves Moor-Hens Phesants and such like avoiding water-Fowls Let the flesh be moistned in Ver-juice of unripe Grapes Vinegar or the juice of Lemmons Oranges Citrons tart-Pomgranats Barberies Goose-berries or red Currance or of garden and wilde-sorrel for all these sowr things are very wholsome in this kinde of disease for they do stir up the apetite resist the venomous quality and putrefaction of the humors restrain the heat of the Fever and prohibit the corruption of the meats in the stomach Although those that have a more weak stomâ—ch and are endued with a more exact sense and are subject to the Cough and diseases of the Lungs must not use these unless they be mixed with Sugar and Cinnamon If the patient at any time be fed with sodden meats let the brothes be made with Lettuce Purslain Succory Borage Sorrel Hops Bugloss Cresses Burnet Marigolds Chervil the cooling Seeds French-Barly and Oat-meal with a little Saffron for Saffron doth engender many spirits and resisteth poyson To these opening roots may be added to avoid obstruction yet much broth must be refused by reason of moisture The fruit of Capers eaten at the beginning of the Meal provoke the appetite and prohibit obstructions but they ought not to be seasoned with overmuch oil and salt that they may also with good success be put into broths Fishes are altogether to be avoided because they soon corrupt in the Stomach but if the patient be delighted with them those that live in stony places must be chosen that is to say those that live in pure and sandy water and about rocks and stones as are Trouts Pikes Pearches Gudgeons and Crevices boiled in milk Wilks and such like And concerning Sea fish he may be fed with Giltheads Gurnarts with all the kindes of Cod-fish Whitings not seasoned with salt and Turbuts Eggs potched and eaten with the juice of Sorrel are very good Likewise Barly-water seasoned with the grains of a tart Pomgranate and if the fever be vehement with the seeds of white Poppy Such barly-water is easie to be concocted and digested it cleanseth greatly and moistens and mollifieth the belly But in some it procures an appetite to vomit and pain of the head and those must abstain from it But in stead of Barly-water they may use pap and bread crummed in the decoction of a Capon For the second course let him have raisins of the Sun newly sodden in Rose-water with Sugar For the second course sowr Damask-Prunes tart Cherries Pippins and Katharine-Pears And in the later end of the Meal Quinces rosted in the Embers Marmalate of Quinces In the end of the Meal and conserves of Bugloss or of Roses and such like may be taken or else this powder following Take of Coriander-seeds prepared two drams of Pearl of Rose-leaves shavings of Harts-Horn and Ivory of each half a dram of Amber two scruples of Cinnamon one scruple of Unicorns horn and the bone is a Staggs heart of each half a scruple of Sugar of Roses four ounces make thereof a powder and use it after meats If the patient be somewhat weak he must be fed with Gelly made of the flesh of a Capon and Veal sodden together in the water of Soâ—â—el Carduus Benedictus with a little quantity of Rose-vinegar Cinnamon Sugar and other such like as the present necessity shall seem to require In the night season for all events and mischances the patient must have ready prepared broth of meats of good digestion with a little of the juice of Citrons or Pomgranats A restaurative drink This restaurative that followeth may serve for all Take of the conserve of Bugloss Borage Violets Water-lillies and Succory of each two ounces of the powder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum of the Trochiâ—es of Camphire of each three drams of Citron-seeds Carduus-seeds Soâ—â—el-seeds the roots of Dictamnus Tormentil of each two drams of the broth of a young Capon made with Lettuce Purslain Bugloss and Borage boyled in it six pints put them in a Limbeck of glass with the flesh of two Pullets of so many Parthridges and with fifteen leaves of pure Gold make thereof a distillation over a soft fire Then take of the distilled liquor half a pinte strain it through a woollen bag with two ounces of white Sugar and half a dram of Cinnamon let the patient use this when he
the consumption of a third part then the Squinath must be bruised the Feverfew and the Staechas cut small and they being added to be boiled to the consumption of one pint and being boiled sufficiently the decoction being cooled shall be strained and kept and the Litharge is to be infused for twelve hours in the oil of Camomil dill Lilies and the axungia's above spoken of Then boil them all with a gentle fire by and by taking Saffron from the fire and add one quart of the decoction above spoken of then set it to the fire again that the decoction may be consumed and then by degrees add to the rest of the decoction the oil of spike shall be reserved unto the last which may give the plaster a good smell Then are added the juices of walwurt and enula which must be boiled untill they be wasted away Afterwards it being taken from the fire to the composition is added the Franincense and euphorbium and white wax as much as shall suffice When the whole mass shall cool then at last is mingled the quick-silver exstinct tutpentine oil of bitter almonds baies spike of line styrax and axungia being continually stirred and it shall be made up upon a stone into rolls Unless the quick-silver be well extinguished it will run all into one place and unless you tarry untill the composition cool it will vapor away in fume â„ž croci Ê’ii bdelli mastich ammon styrac liquid an â„¥ ss cerae alb lb ss tereb â„¥ vi medul Cerarum oesipi ex Philagrio cruris vaccae adipis anserini an â„¥ i. oesipi vel si desit axung gallin â„¥ ix clei nard quantum satis ad magdaleones formandos expressionis scillae â„¥ i ss olibani sevi vitul â„¥ i. The aesipus sepum adeps medulla cera are to be dissolved together when they cool add the ammoniacum dissolved in the decoction of fenugreek and camomil half an ounce and so much juice of squills then put to the styrax and turpentine stirring them continually then add the bdellium olibanum mastich aloes brought into fine powder and when they are perfectly incorporated into a mass let them be made up with oleum nardinum into rolls â„ž terebinth lb ss resin lbi cer alb â„¥ iv mastich â„¥ i. fol. verbin betonic pimpinel an m. i. De gratia Dei The herbs being green the tops are to be cut and bruised in a stone-mortar and boiled in red wine to the consumption of one third part To the strained liquor add wax cut into small pieces and being dissolved by the fire the liquor being consumed put to the rosin when it shall cool add the Mastich powdred working it with your hands by which it may be incorporated with the rest of the things â„ž succi beton plantag apii an lb i. cerae picis resin tereb ana lb. ss fiat empl De janua seu de Betonica The juices are to be mingled with the wax being dissolved and boiling them untill three parts be consumed add the rosin and pitch which being dissolved and hot must be strained and then add the turpentine and make up the plaster â„ž croci picis com or rather picis navalis Emplastrum oxycroceum because this emplaster is used to discuss and draw forth the matter which causeth the pain in the joints coloph. cerae an â„¥ ii tereb galb ammon thuris myrrhae mastich an Ê’ v ss The cera pix and colophonia are by little and little to be dissolved to which add the gums dissolved according to art and mingled with the terebinth and taking it from the fire add the thus myrrha and at last the crocus in fine powder and then make it into rowls up with oil of worms â„ž ol com lb ii cerus subtilis lb i. boil them together with a gentle fire De cerussá stirring them up continually untill they come to the body of an emplaster if you would have the plaster whiter take but â„¥ ix of the oil â„ž litharg irit acet fortis an lb. ss ol antiq lb. i. fiat emplastrum Tripharmacumâ— seu nigrum let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours then boil them to a good consistence putting in the vinegar by little and little but you shall not take it from the fire untill the vinegar be quite wasted away Diapalma seu diatalcith os â„ž ol vet lb. iii. axung vet sine sale lb ii litharg trit lb iii. vitriol â„¥ iv let the oil be mingled with the litharge for the space of twelve hours and boil them to a good consistence then add to the axungia stirring them continually with a spatter made of the palm-tree reed or willow and being sufficiently boiled take it from the fire and add the vitriol in fine powder Contra ruptâ— raâ— â„ž picis naval aloes an â„¥ iii. litharg cerae coloph. galban ammoniac an â„¥ ii visci querni â„¥ vi gypsi ust utriusque aristoloch ana â„¥ iv myrrhae thuris an â„¥ vi tereb â„¥ ii pulveris vermium terrestrium gallar utriusqae consolid vol. arm an â„¥ iv sang humani lb i. fiat emplast If you would have iâ— of a very good conâ—stence you may add of the oil of myrtils or mastich lb ss you shall make it thus Take the skin of a Ram cut in pieces and boil it in an hundred pints of water and vinegar untill it come to a glue of stiff gelly in which you shall dissolve the visc quer then add the pitch and was broken into small pieces and if you will you may add the oil with them afterwards the galban and ammâ—â—â— dissolved in vinegar being mingled with the terebinth may be added Then add 〈…〉 â—gypsâ—â—m bol aristoloch consolida vermes sang human At last the myrrh thus colophon and alâ—â— â—â—â—ing them continually and that they may be the better mingled work the plaster with a hot peâ—â—il in a mortar De muâ—aginibus â„ž mâ—â—ag sâ—m liniâ—rad alth faenug median cortices ulmi an â„¥ iv olei liliacei cham aneth an â„¥ i ss ammon opopâ—â—â— sagap ana â„¥ ss croci Ê’ ii cerae nov lb ss tereb â„¥ ss fiat emplast Fernelius haâ—h â„¥ xx of wax â—â—e waxâ—â—eâ—ng cut sm ll must be mingled with the oils and the mucilages stirring them continuaâ—â—y with a wooden spatter till the liquor be consumed Then the gums dissolved and mingled with the â—â—binâ—â—â—ma must be added and last of all the saffron finely powdered De minio â„ž ol ros myrtil ung populeon ana â„¥ iv pinguedinis gallin â„¥ ii sebi arietis castrati sepi vaccini an â„¥ vi pingued porci â„¥ x. litharg auri argenti ana â„¥ iii. cerus â„¥ iv minii â„¥ iii. tereb â„¥ iv cerae q s fiat emplastrum vel ceratum mâ—lle The lithargyros cerussa and minium are to be brought into fine powder severally being sprinkled with a little rosewater lest the
face on the night and it shall be washed in the morning with the water of the infusion of brain this kinde of medicine shall be continued for a moneth â„ž sanguinis tauri lbi butyri recentis lb ss fiat distillatio utatur The liquor which is distilled for the first dayes is troubeled and stinking but those passed it becometh clear and well smelling Some boil bran in vineger and the water of water-lillies and in this decoction they dissolve of sulphur and camphire a fit proportion to the quantity of the decoction and they apply a cloth moistened in this medicine to the face in the evening â„ž album ovor nu â—i aquae ros â„¥ i ss sucei plantag lapath. acut an â„¥ i ss sublimati ℈ i. incorpopentur in mortario marmoreo â„ž axung porci decies in aceto lotae â„¥ iv argenti vivi â„¥ i. aluminis sulphuris vivi an Ê’i pistenâ—ur omnia diu in mortario plumbeo fiat unguentum argentum vivum non debet nisi extremo loco affundi â„ž rad lapath. acut asphodel an â„¥ ii conquantur in aceto scilltico postea tundantur et setaceo trajiciantur addendo auripigmenti Ê’ii sulphuris vivi Ê’x let them be incorporated and make an ointment to be used to drye up the pustles â„ž rad liliorum sub cineribus câ—ctorum â„¥ iv pistillo tusis et setaceo trajectis adde butyri receutis et axung porci lotae in aceto an â„¥ i. sulphuris vivi Ê’iii camphor ℈ iii. succi limonum quantum sufficit To drye up the pustles malaxentur simul et fiat unguentum â„ž lactis virginalis lb ss aluminis â„¥ ss sulphuris vivi â„¥ i. succi limonum â„¥ iv salis com Ê’ ss let them all be distilled in a glass Alembick and the water kept for the forementioned uses â„ž lapath. acut plantagin et asphodel an â„¥ i ss olei vitel ovor â„¥ i. terebinth Venet â„¥ ss succi limonum Ê’iii aluminis combust Ê’i argenti vivi extinct â„¥ i. olei liliorum â„¥ ss tundantur omnia in mortario plumbeo addendo sulfinem argent viv ne mortario adheraescat The juice of onions beaten with salt or yelks of eggs are good for the same purpose For staying and killing of Ring-worms and Tetters the leaves of hellebore beaten with vineger are good the milk of the fig-tree is good of it self as also that of the spurges To kill tetters or mustard dissolved in strong vineger with a little sulphur Or â„ž sulphuris calcanthi aluminis an Ê’i macerentur in aceto forti trajiciantur per lineum apply the expressed juice Others macerate an egg in sharp vineger with coperas and sulphur vivum beaten into fine powder then they strain or press it through a linnen cloth But seeing the forementioned medicines are acrid and for the most part eating and corroding it cannot be but that they must make the skin harsh and rough therefore to smooth and levigate it again you shall make use of the following ointment â„ž tereb Ven tam diu lâ—tae ut acrimoniam nullam habeat butyri salis expertis an â„¥ i ss olei vitel To smooth the skin ovor â„¥ i. axung porci in aqua rosarum lotae â„¥ ss cerae parum fiat linimentum ad usum To the same purpose you may also make use of some of the forementioned medicines CHAP. XLVI To black the hair What things a â—e fit to dye the hair AT first the hairs to take the fucus or tincture and to retain it must be prepared with Lye wherein a little roch-Alum is dissolved Thus the fatty scales may be washed and taken away which hinder and as it were keep away the fucus that it cannot adhere or penetrate into the body of the hair Then must we come to particular or proper and fitting medicines for this purpose These ought to be aromatick and cephalick and somewhat stiptick that by their odoriferous and astringent power that may strengthen the animal faculty Furthermore they must be of subtil parts that they may enter even into the inner roots of the hairs â„ž Sulphuris vitrioli gallarum calcis vivae lithargyri an Ê’ii scoriae ferri Ê’ ss in pollinem reducantur et cum aq communi incorporentur ut inde fiat massa with this at bed time let the hairs be rubbed and in the morning let them be smoothed with the same â„ž calcis lotae â„¥ i. lithargyri utriusque â„¥ ss cum decocto gallarum corticum nucum fiat massa addendo olei chamem Ê’ii â„ž litharg auri â„¥ ii ciner clavellat â„¥ i. ss calcis viv Ê’i dissolve omnia cum urina hominis donec acquirant consistentiam unguenti pro unctione capillorum â„ž calcis lotae â„¥ ii cum decoct salv et cort granat fiat pasta ad formam pultis satis liquidae let the hair at bed-time be died herewith and washed in the morning with wine and water How to wash lime Now the manner of washing lime is thus Infuse in ten or twelve pintes of fair water one pound of lime then pour out the water by stopping the vessel putting more in the stead thereof the third time in stead of common water pour thereon the water of the decoction of sage and galls let the lime lye therein for so many hours then in like manner pour it off by stoping the vessel and thus you shall have your lime well washed There is also found a way how to dye or black the hair by only pouring of some liquor thereon as â„ž argenti purissimi Ê’ii reducantur in tenuissimas laminas A water to black the hair ponantur in ampulla vitrea cumÊ’ii aquae separationis auri et argenti et aquae rosar Ê’vi The preparing of this water is thus put into a viol the water of separation and the silver and set it upon hot coals so to dissolve the silver which being done then take it from the fire and when it is cold add thereto the rose-water But if you would black it more deeply add more silver thereto if less then a smaller quantity to use it you must steep the comb wherewith you comb your head in this water â„ž plumbi usti â„¥ ii gallarum non perforat cortick nucum an â„¥ iii. terrae sigil ferret hispan an â„¥ ii vitriol rom â„¥ vi salis gem â„¥ i ss caryoph nucis mosch an â„¥ i. salis ammon aloes an Ê’ ss fiat pulvis subtilissimus let this powder be macerated in vineger for three dayes space then distil it all in an Alembick the water that comes therefrom is good for the foresaid use The following medicine is good to make the hairs of a flaxen color To make the hair of a flaxen coâ—or â„ž flor genist staechad et cardamom an â„¥ i. lupinor conquassat rasur buxi corticis citri rad gentian et berber an â„¥ i ss cum aqua nitri fiat lenta decoctio herewith bathe and moisten
of Waters BEfore I describe the manner how to distill waters The varieties of distilled waters I think it not amiss briefly to reckon up how many sorts of distilled waters there be and what the faculties of them are Therefore of distilled waters some are medicinal as the waters of Roses Plantain Sorrel Sage and the like others are alimentary as those waters that we call restauratives other some are composed of both such as are these restaurative waters which are also mixed with medicinal things others are purging as the distilled water of green and fresh Rubarb othersome serve for smoothing the skin and others for smell of which sort are those that are distilled of aromatick things To distill Rose-water it will be good to maceâ—ate the Roses before you distill them for the space of two or three daies in some formerly distilled Rose-water or their pressed-out juice Rose water luting the vessel close them put then into an Alembick closely luted to his head and his Receiver and so put into a Balneum Mariae as we have formerly described The distilled Alimentary liquors are nothing else than those that we vulgarly call Restauratives Restauratives this is the manner and art of preparing them Take of Veal Mutton Kid Capon Pullet â—ock Parâ—ridg Phesant as much as shall seem fit for your purpose cut it small and lest it should requires heat or empyreuma from the fire mix therewith a handful of French Barly and of red Rose-leaves dâ—ie and fresh but first steeped in the juice of pomgranats or citrons and Rosewater with a little Cinnamon The delineation of a Balneum Mariae which may also serve to distill with ashes A. Shews the Fornace with the hole to take forth the ashes B. Shews another Fornace as it were set in the other now it is of Brass and runs through the midst of the kettle made also of brass that so the contained water or ashes may be the more easily heated C. The kettle wherein the water ashes or sand are contained D. The Alembick set in the water ashes or sand with the mouths of the receivers E. The bottom of the second brass Fornace whose top is marked with B. which contains the fire There may be made other restauratives in shorter time with less labor and cost Anosher way of making restaurative Liquors To this purpose the flesh muâ—t be beaten and cut thin and so thrust through with a double thred so that the pieces thereof may touch each other then put them in to a glass and let the thred hang out so stop up the glass close with a linnen cloth Cotton or Tow and lute it up with paste made of meal and the whiâ—es of eggs then set it up to the neck in a kettle of water but so that it touch not the bottom but let it be kept upright by the formerly described means then make a gentle fire there-under un il the contained flesh by long boiling shall be dissolved into juice and that will commonly be in some four hours space This being done let the fire be taken from under the kettle but take not forth the glass befor the water be cold lest the fire being hot should be broken by the sudden â—ppulse of the cold air Wherefore when as it is cold let it be opened and the thred with the pieces of flesh be drawn forth so that only the juice may be left remaining then strain it through a bag and aromatize it with Sugar and Cinnamom adding a little juice of Citron Verjuice or Vineger as it shall best like the Patients palate After this manner you may quickly easily and without great cost have and prepare all sorts of restauratives as well medicated as simple But the force and faculty of purging medicines is extracted after a clean contrary manner then the oyls and waters which are drawn of Aromatitk things as Sage Rosemary Time Anniseeds Fennel Cloves Cinnamon Nutmegs and the like For the strength of â—hese as that which is subtil and aiery flies upwards in distillation but the strength of puâ—ging things aâ— Tuâ—bâ—th Agarick Rubâ—rb and the like subsides in the bottom For the purgative â—â—câ—l y of these purgers inseparably ache es to the b dies and substances Now for sweet waters and such as serve to smooth the skin of the face they may be distilled in Balneo Mariae like as Rose water CHAP. VIII How to distill Aqua Vitae or the spirits of Wine TAke of good white or Claret-wine or Sack which is not sowr nor musty nor otherwise corrupt or of the Lees that quantity which may serve to fil the vessel wherein you make the distillation to a third part then put on your head furnished with the nose or pipe Spirit of wine seven times rectified and so make your distillation in Balneo Mariae The oftner it is distilled or as they term it rectified the more noble and effectual it becomes Therefore some distil it seven times over At the first distillation it may suffice to draw a fourth or third part of the whole to wit of twenty four pintes of Wine or Lees draw six or eight pintes of distilled liquor At the second time the half part that is three or four pintes At the third distillation the half part again that is two pintes so that the oftner you distil it over the less liquor you have but it will be a great deal the more efficacious I do well like that the first distillation be made in Ashes the second in Balneo Mariae To conclude that aqua vitae is to be approved of neither is it any oftner to be distilled which put into a spoon or saucer and there set on fire burns wholly away and leaves no liquor or moisture in the bottom of the vessel if you drop a drop of oyl into this same water it continually falls to the bottom or if you drop a drop into tht palm of your hand it will quickly vanish away which are two other notes of the probation of this liquor The faculties of the spirit of wine The faculties and effects of aqua vitae are innumerable it is good against the epilepsie and all cold diseases it asswages the pain of the teeth it is good for punctures and wounds of the Nerves faintings swoonings gangreens and mortifications of the flesh as also put to other medicines for a vehicle The distilling of Wine and vineger is different There is this difference between the distilling of Wine and Vineger wine being of an aiery and vaporous substance that which is the best and most effectual in it to wit the aiery and fiery liquor comes from it presently at the first distillation Therefore the residue that remains in the bottom of the vessel it is of a cold drye and acrid nature on the contrary the water that comes first from Vineger being distilled is insipid and flegmatick For Vineger is made by the corruption of wine and the segregation of
consequently oily Now because the oily substance that is contained in simple bodies What oyls are to be drawn by expression is of two kindes therefore the manner also of extracting is two-fold For some is gross earthy viscous and wholly confused and mixt with the bodies out of which they ought to be drawn as that which we have said is usually extracted by expression this because it most tenaciously adheres to the grosser substance and part of the body therefore it cannot by reason of this natural grossness be lifted up or ascend Othersome are of a slender and aiery substance which is easily severed from their body wherefore being put to distillation it easily riâ—es such is the oily substance of aromatick things as of Juniper Aniseeds Cloves Nutmegs The first manner of drawing oyls by distillation Cinnamom Pepper Ginger and the like odoriferous and spicy things This the manner of extracting oyls out of them let your matter be well beaten and infused in water to that proportion that for every pound of the material there may be ten pints of water infuse it in a copper-bottom having a head thereto either tinned or silvered over and furnished with a couler filled w th cold-water Set your vessel upon a fornace having a fire in it or else in sand or ashes When as the water contained in the head shall wax hot you must draw it forth and put in cold that so the spirits may the better be condensed and may not flye away you shall put a long-neckt-receiver to the nose of the Alembick and you shall increase the fire until the things contained in the Alembick boil Another way There is another manner of performing this distillation the matter preserved and infused as we have formerly declared shall be put in a brass or copper-bottom covered with his head to which shall be fitted or well luted a worm of Tin this worm shall run through a barrel filled with cold-water that the liquor which flows forth with the oyl may be cooled in the passage forth at the lower end of this worm you shall set your Receiver The fire gentle at the first shall be increased by little and little until the contained matter as we formerly said do boil but take heed that you make not too quick or vehement a fire for so the matter swelling up by boiling may exceed the bounds of the containing vessel and so violently flye over Observ ng these things you shall presently at the very first see an oily moisture flowing forth together with the waterish When the oyl hath done flowing which you may know by the color of the distilled liquor as also by the consistence and taste then put out the fire and you may separate the oyl from the water by a little vessel made like a Thimble and tied to the end of a stick or which is better with a glass-funnel or instrument made of glass for the same purpose Here you must also note that there be some oyls that swim upon the top of the water as oyl of aniseeds othersome on the contrary What oyls fall to the bottom which fall to the bottom as oyl of Cinnamon Mace and Cloves Moreover you must note that the watrish moisture or water that is distilled with oyl of Anniseed and Cinnamom is whitish and in success of time will in some small proportion turn into oyl Also these waters must be kept several for they are far more excellent then those that are distilled by Balneo Mariae especially those that first come forth together with the oyl Oyls are of the same faculties with the bodies from whence they are extracted but much more effectual for the force which formerly was diffused in many pounds of this or that medicine is after distillation contracted into a few drams For example the faculty that was dispersed over one pound of Cloves will be contracted into two ounces of oyl at the most and that which was in a pound of Cinnamon will be drawn into Ê’iss or Ê’ii at the most of oyl But to draw the greater quantity with the lesser charge and without fear of breaking the vessels whereto glasses are subject I like that you distil them in copper-vessels for you need not fear that the oyl which is distilled by them will contract an ill quality from the copper for the watrish moisture that flows forth together therewith will hinder it especially if the copper shall be tinned or silvered over I have thought good to describe and set before your eyes the whole manner of this operation A Fornace with set vessels to extract the Chymical oyls or spirits of Sage Rosemary Tyme Lavander Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Cloves Nutmegs Cinnamon Pepper Ginger and the like as also to distill the spirit of Wine of Vineger and Aqua vitae In stead of the barrel and worm you may use a head with a bucket or rowler about it A. Shews the bottom which ought to be of Copper and tinned on the in side B. The head C. The barrel filled with cold water to refrigerate and condensate the water and oyl that run through the pipe or worm that is put through it D. A pipe of brass or lattin or rather a worm of Tin running through the Barrel E. The Alembick set in the fornace with the fire under it Now because we have made mention of Cinnamon Pepper The description of Pepper and other spices which grow not hâ—re with us I have thought good to describe there out of Thevets Cosmography he having seen them growing Pepper grows upon shrubs in India these shrubs send forth little branches whereon hang clusters of berries like to Ivie-berries or bunches of small black grapes or currans the leaves are like those of the Citron-tree but sharpish and pricking The Iadians gather those berries with great diligence and stow them up in large cellars as soon as they come to perfect maturity Wherefore it oft-times happens that there are more then 200 ships upon the coast of the lesser Iava an Island of that country to carry thence Pepper and other spices Pepper is used in antidotes against Poysons it provokes urine digests attracts resolves and cures the bites of Serpents It is properly applied and taken inwardly against a cold stomach The uses thereof in sauces it helps concoction and procures appetite you must make choice of such as is black heavy and not flaccid The trees which bear white and those that bear black pepper are so like each other that the natives themselves know not which is which unless when they have their fruit hanging upon them as the like happens upon our Vines which bear white black Grapes The tree that yeels Cinnamon grows in the mountain of India The Cinnamon tree and hath leaves very like to baye-leaves branches and shoots at certain times of the year are cut from this tree by the appointment of the Kâ—ng of that Province the bark of which is that we term
separate your desired oyl now there will ten or twelve ounces of oyl flow from a pound of Turpentine This kinde of oyl is effectual against the Palsie Convulsions punctures of the nerves and wounds of all the nervous parts How to make oyl of wax But you shall thus extract oyl our of wax Take one pound of wax melt it and put it into a glass Retort set it in sand or ashes as we mentioned a little before in drawing oyl of Turpentine then distil it by increasing the fire by degrees There distils nothing forth of wax besides an oily substance and a little Phlegma yet portion of this oyly substance presently concretes into a certain butter-like matter which therefore would be distilled over again you may draw â„¥ vi or viii of oyl from one pound of wax The faculties thereof This oyl is effectual against Contusions and also very good against cold affects CHAP. XV. Of extracting of Oyls out of the harder sorts of Gums as myrrh mastich Frankincense and the like SOme there be who extract these kindes of oyls with the Retort set in ashes or sand as we mentioned in the former Chapter of Oyls of More liquid Gums adding for every pound of Gum two pintes of Aqua Vitae and two or three ounces of oyl of Turpentine then let them infuse for eight or ten daies in Balneo mariae How to make oyl or myrrh or else in hors-dung then set it to distil in a Retort Now this is the true manner of making oyls of Myrrh take Myrrh made into fire powder and therewith fill hard Eggs in stead of their yelks being taken out then place the Eggs upon a gridiron or such like grate in some moist place as a cellar and set under them a leaden-earthen-pan the Myrrh will dissolve into an oily-water which being presently put into a glass and well stopped with an equal quantity of rectified Aqua vitae and so set for three or four months in hot hors-dung which past the vessel shall be taken forth and so stopped that the contained liquor may be poured into an Alembick for there will certain gross settling by this means remain in the bottom then set your Alembick in Balneo and so draw off the Aqua vitae and phlegmatick liquor and there will remain in the bottom a pure and clear oyl whereto you may give a curious color by mixing therewith some Alkanet How to give it a pleasing color and smell and a smell by dropping thereinto a little oyl of Sage Cinnamon or Cloves Now let us shew the composition and manner of making of balsams by giving you one or two examples the first of which is taken out of Vesalius his Surgery and is this â„ž terebinth opt lbi ol laurini â„¥ iv gum elem â„¥ iv ss thuris myrrhae gum beredae centaur majoris Vesalius his Balsam ligni aloes an â„¥ iii. galangae caryopholl consolidae majoris Cinnamomi nucis moschat zedoariae zin zib dictamni albi an â„¥ i olei vermium terrestrium â„¥ ii aqua vitae lbvi. The manner of making it is thus Let all these things be beaten and made small and so infused for three dayes space in Aqua vitae then distilled in a Retort just as we said you must distill oyl of Turpentine and Wax There will flow hence three sorts of liquors the first watrish and clear the other thin and of pure golden color the third of the color of a Carbuncle which is the true Balsam The first liquor is effectual against the weakness of the stomach comming of a cold cause for that it cuts phlegm and discusses flatulencies the second helps fresh and hot bleeding wounds as also the palsie The third is chiefly effectual against these same effects The composition of the following Balsamum is out of Fallopius and is this â„ž terebinth clarae lbii. olei de semine lini lbi resinae pini â„¥ vii thuris myrrhae aloes mastiches sarcocollae an â„¥ iii. macis ligni Aloes an â„¥ ii croci â„¥ ss Let them all be put into a glass Retort Fallopius hic Balsam set it ashes and so distilled First there will come forth a clear water then presently after a reddish oyl most profitable for wounds Now you must know that by this means we may easily distil all Axungias fats parts of creatures woods all kindes of barks and seeds if so be that they be first macerated as they ought to be yet so that there will come forth more watry then oily humidity Now for that we formerly frequently mentioned Thus or Frankincense What Frankincense is I have here thought good out of Thevets Cosmography to give you the description of the tree from which it flows The Frankincense-tree saith he grows naturally in Arabia resembles a Pine yeelding a moisture that is presently hardened and it concretes into whitish clear grains fatty within which cast into the fire take flame Now Frankincense is adulterated with Pine-rosin and Gum which is the cause that you shall seldome finde that with us as it is here described you may finde out the deceit thus for that neither Rosin nor any other Gum takes flame for Rosin goes away in smoke but Frankinsence presently burns The smell also bewraies the counterfeit for it yeelds no graceful smell as Frankinsence doth The Arabians wound the tree that so the liquor may the more readily flow forth The faculties thereof whereof they make great gain It fills up hollow ulcers and cicatrizes them wherefore it enters as a chief ingredient into artificial balsom Frankinsence alone made into ponder and applied stanches the blood that flows out of the wounds Matthiolus saith that it being mixed with Fullers-earth and oyl of Roses is a singular remedy against the inflammation of the breasts of women lately delivered of childe CHAP. XVI The making of oyl of Vitriol TAke ten pounds of Vitriol which being made into powder put it into an earthen pot The sign of perfectly calcined vitriol and set it upon hot coals until it be calcined which is when as it become reddish after some five or six hours when as it shall be throughly cold break the pot and let the Vitriol be again made into powder that so it may be calcined again and you shall do thus so often and long until it shall be perfectly calcined which is when as it shall be exactly red then let it be made into powder and put it into an earthen-Retort like that wherein aqua fortis is usually drawn adding for every pound of your calcined Vitriol of tile-shreds or powdered-brick one quarter then put the Retort furnished with its receiver into a Fornace of Reverberation alwaies keeping a strong fire and that for the space of 48. hours more or less according to the manner and plenty of distilling liquor You shall know the distillation is finished when as the Receiver shall begin to recover his native perspicuity being not now filled
with vaporous spirits wherewith as long as the humor distills it is replenished and looks white A Fornace or Reverberation furnished with his Retort and Receiver A. Shews the Fornace B. The Retort C. The Receiver D. The vessel filled with cold water Now for the Receiver there are two things to be observed The first is that it be great and very capacious that it may not be distended and broken by the abundant flowing of vaporous spirits as it doth oft-times happen another thing is that you set it in a vessel filled with cold water lest it should be broken by being over hot you may easily perceive all this by the ensuing figure CHAP. XVII A Table or Catalogue of Medicines and Instruments serving for the cure of Diseases MEdicines and Medicinal meats fit for the cure of Diseases are taken from living Creatures Plants and Minerals From living creatures are taken Horns Heoves Hairs Feathers Sheâ—s Sculls Scales Sweats Skins Fat 's Flesh Blood Entraile Vrine Bones Extreme parts Hearts Liver Lungs Brain Womb Secundine Testic es Pizzle Bleader Sperm Tail Ceats of the Ventricle Exspirations Bristles Silk Webs Tears Spittle Heny Wax Egge Milk Butter Cheese Marrow Rennet Sâ—nells whether they be stinking oâ— sweet as also Poysons whole creatures themselves as Foxes Whelps Heagâ—hâ—gs Frogs Worms Crabs Cray fishes Scorpions Hoâ—sleeches Swallows Dungs From. Pâ—nts that is Trees Shrubs and Herbs are taken Roots Moss Pith Siens Buds Stalks Leaves Flowers Cups Fibers or hairy threads Ears Seeds Bark Wood Meal fuyces Tears Orts Gâ—ws R sins R tterness Mass oâ— spissament Mâ—nna which falling amâ— like dew upon plants presently concretes Wh l. plants as Mallows Omâ—â—ns c. Metals o Minerals are taken either from the Water oâ— Earth and are either kindes of Earth Stones o Metals c. The kinâ—es oâ— Earth are Bole-Armenick Terâ—a sigillata Fullere-earth Chalk Okar Plaster Lime Now the kindes of Stones are Flints Lapis Jâ—daicus Lapis Lynâ— is The Pumice Lâ—p Haematites Amiantus Galactites Spunge stones Diamonds Saphire Chryâ—â—lite Tâ—pace Lâ—ad-stone The Pytites or fire-stone Alablaster Marble Chrystaâ— and many â—ther precious stâ—nâ—s The kinâ—es of Salts as well Natural as Artificial are Common Salt Salt nitrum Sal Aâ—kali Sal Ammomacum Salt of Vrine Salt of tartar and generally all salts that may be made of any kinde of Plants Those that are commonly called Minerals are Marchasite Antimony Muscevy Glâ—ss Tutty Arsnick Orpiment Lazure or blue Rose agar Brimstone Quick-silver White-Coperas Chalâ—itis â—â—ry Roman Vitrâ—l Colcother vitrio or Green-coperas Alumen sciffile Common Alum Alumen rotinâ—um R und Alum Alumen liquidem Alumen â—tmosum Borax er Burrace Bitumen Naptha Cinnabâ— is er Vermillion Lytharge of Gela. Lytharge of Silver Chrysocolla Scandaracha Red-lead White-lead and divers other Now the Metals themselves are Gold Silver Iron Lead Tin Brass Copper Steel Lattin and such as arise from these as the scales verdigrease rust c. Now from the Waters as the Sea Rivers Lakes und Fountains and the mud of these waters are taken divers medicines as white and red Corral Pearls and infinite other things which Nature the hand-maid of the great Architect of this world hath produced for the cure of Diseases so that into what part soever you turn your eyes whether to the surface of the earth or the bowels thereof a great multitude of Remedies present themselves to your view The choyce of all which is taken from their substance or quantity quality action place season smell taste sight figure and weight other circumstances as Siltyus hath abundantly shewed in his Book written upon t his Subject Of these Simples are made divers Compositions as Collyriâ— Caputpurgia Eclegmate Dentifrices Dentiscalpia Apophlegmatismi Gargarisms Pilis Boles Petions Emplasters Vnguents Cerats Liniments Embrecations Fomentations Epithemes Attractives Reâ—overs Suppuratives Emollients Mundificatives Incarnatives Cicatrizers Putrifâ—rs Corrosives Aglutinatives Anâ—dynes Apozemes Julips Syrups Powders Tablets Opiats Conserves Preserves Consect â—ns R wls Vâ—nits Sternutatories Suderyficks Glysters Pessaries S â— ppâ—â—tories Fumigations Tr câ—iks F nerals Caâ—s Stomachers Bags Baths Half baths Virgins-mâ—k Feâ—i Picatiâ—ns Depilatâ—ries Viâ—â—catâ— ies Pâ—â—ential cauteries Nâ—se-gayâ—s â—ans Campies or extenaed clâ—aths to make winde Artifiâ—al â—â—uâ—tains tâ—â—alâ—â— or ar p dâ—wâ— liquorâ— Now these tâ—aâ—â—â—e â—â—ought to be noâ—rishing medicines are Restarratives Cullises Exor ssi ns Gellies Pâ—i ans Barâ—y creams Panad'es Almâ—nd milks Marck-pains Wafers Hâ—â— of â—cher H d â—â—el and such other drink Muâ—cilages Oxymeâ— Oxye are R â—-Vineger Hyd aelium Mâ—thâ—glâ—n Câ—der Drink of Servisses Alt. Beer Vinegar Verjuyce Oil. Steâ—led water Water brewed with cread-crums Hippocratâ— Perry and such like Waters and distilled oyls and divers other Chymical extractions As the waters and oyls of hot dry and aromatick things dâ—wn in a copper-Alembick with a cooler with ten times as much water in weight as of herbs now the herbs must be cry that the cistillation may the better succeed Waters are extracted out of flowers put into a Retort by the heat of the Sun or of Dung or of an heap of p esled our Grapes or by Balneo if there be Receiver put and closely â—luted thereto All kindes oâ— salt of things calcined dissolved in water and twice or thrice filtred that so they may become more pure and fit to yield oyl Other distillâ—tions are made either in Cellars by the coldness or moist are of the place the things being laid either upâ—n a marble or else hanged up in a bag and thus is made oyl oâ—â—â—rtar and of S lts and other things of an Aluminous nature Bones must be distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels All woods roots-barks shells of fishes and seed or grains as of corn broom beans and other things whose juice cannot be got out by expression must be distilled by descent or by the joyning together of vessels in a Reverberatory Fornace Metals calcined and having acquired the nature of salt ought to be dissolved and filtred and then evaporated till they be drie then let them be dissolved in distilled vinegar and then evaporated and dryed again for so they will easily distill in a Cellar upon a Marble or in a bag Or else by putting them into a glassy Retort and setting it in sand and so giving fire thereto by degrees until all the watery humidity be distilled then change the receiver and lute another close to the Retort then increase the fire above and below and thus there will flow forth an oil very red colored Thus are all metalline things distilled as Alums salts c. Gums axungiae and generally all rosins are distilled by Retort set in an earthen vessel filled with Ashes upon a Fornace now the fire must be encreased by little and little according to the different condition of the distilled matters The Vessels and Instruments serving for Distillations are commonly these Bottoms of Alembicks The heads of them from whence the liquors drop Refrigeratories Vessels tor subblimation For Reverberation For distilling by
so the venenate matter may flow forth more freely for which purpose also medicines which are of a thin and liquid consistence but of a drying and digestive faculty shall be powred in to call forth and dissolve the virulency as Treacle and Mithridate dissolved in Aqua vitae with a little of some mercurial powder for this is a noble antidote A worthy Alexipharmacum oâ— Antidote Also cupping glasses and scarifications will be good Lastly the condition of all dolorifick causes shall be oppugned by the opposition of contrary remedies as if pain by reason of a pricked nerve or tendon shall cause a Convulsion it must presently be resisted by proper remedies as oyl of Turpentine of Euphorbium mixt with Aquae vitae and also with other remedies appropriated to punctures of the nerves If the pain proceed from excess of cold because cold is hurtful to the brain the spinall marrow and nerves the patient shall be placed in a hot air such as that of a hot-house or stoave all the spine of his back and convulsed parts must be anointed with the hot liniments above mentioned for that is much better than suddenly to expose him from the conceived convulsifick cause to a most hot fire or warm Bath In the mean time the Chirurgion must take diligent heed that as soon as the signs of the Covulsion to come or already present You must hinder the locking of the teeth or at hand do shew themselves that he put a stick between the patients teeth lest they be fast locked by the pertinacious contraction of the Jaws for many in such a case have bit off their tongues for which purpose he shall be provided of an instrument called Speculum Oris which may be dilated and contracted according to your mind by the means of a screw as the figures underneath demonstrate the one presenting it open and somewhat twined up and the other as it is shut The Figure of a Speculum Oris to open the teeth when they are locked or held fast together CHAP. XII Of the Palsie What a Palsie is The differences thereof THe Palsie is the resolving or mollification of the nerves with privation of sense and motion not truly of the whole body but of the one part thereof as of the right or left side And such is properly named the Palsie for otherwise and less properly the resolution of some one member is also called the Palsie for when the whoâ—â— body is resolved it is an Apoplexy Therefore the Palsie sometimes takes half the body otherwhiles the upper parts which are between the navel and the head otherwhiles the lower which are from the navell to the feet sometimes the tongue gullet bladder yard eyes and lastly any of the particles of the body How it differs from a Convulsion It differs from a Convulsion in its whole nature For in a convulsion there is a contention and contraction of the part but in this a resolving and relaxation thereof besides it commonly happeneth that the sense is either abolished or very dull which usually remains perfect in a Convulsion There are some which have a pricking and as it were great pain in the part The causes The causes are internal or external the internal are humors obstructing one of the ventricles of the brain or one side of the spinal marrow so that the animal faculty the worker of sense and motion cannot by the nerves come to the part to perform its action The external causes are a fall blow and the like injuries by which oft-times the joints are dislocated the spinal marrow wrested aside and constrictions and compressions of the Vertebrae arise which are causes that the animal spirit cannot come to the Organs in its whole substance But it is easy by skill in Anatomy perfectly to understand by the resolved part the seat of the morbifick cause for when there is a Palsie properly so called that is when the right or left side is wholly seized upon then you may know that the obstruction is in the brain or spinal marrow but if the parts of the head be untoucht either of the sides being wholly resolved the fault remains in the original of the spinal marrow if the armes be taken with this disease we may certainly think that the matter of the disease lies hid in the fifth sixth and seventh Vertebrae of the neck But if the lower members languish we must judge the Paralytick cause to be contained in the Vertebrae of the Loins and Holy bone Which thing the Chirurgeon must diligently observe that he may alwaies have recourse to the original of the disease The Palsie which proceeds from a nerve cut or exceedingly bruised is incurable because the way to the part by that means is shut against the animal spirit Old men scarce or never recover of the Palsie because their native heat is languid and they are oppressed with abundance of excrementitious humors neither doth an inveterate Palsie which hath long possest the part neither that which succeeds an Apoplexy yeeld us any better hope of cure It is good for a feaver to come upon a Palsie for it makes the dissipation of the resolving and relaxing humor It is good for a feaver to happen upon a Palsie to be hoped for When the member affected with the palsie is much wasted and the opposite on the contrary much encreased in quantity heat and colour it is ill for this is a signe of the extream weakness of the afflicted part which suffers it self to be defrauded of its nourishment all the provision flowing to the sound or opposite side CHAP. XIII Of the Cure of the Palsie The decoction of Guaiacum is good for a palsie Things actually hot good for to be applied to paralytickâ— members IN the cure of the Palsie we must not attempt any thing unless we have first used general remedies diet and purging all which care lyeth upon the learned and prudent Physitian The Decoction of Guaiacum is very fit for this purpose for it procures sweat and attenuates digests and drieth up all the humidity which relaxeth the nerves but when sweat doth not flow it shall not be unprofitable to put about the resolved members bricks heated red hot in the fire and quenched in a decoction of Wine Vinegar and resolving herbs or also stone bottles or Ox and Swine bladders half-filled with the same decoction for such heat which is actual resuscitateth and strengthneth the heat of the part which in this disease is commonly very languid Then the patient shall go into a bathing-tub which is vailed or covered over just as we have described in our Treatise of Baths that so he may receive the vapour of the following decoction â„ž fol. Salviae Lavend Lauri major Absinth Thym. Angelicae Rutae ana M. ss Florum Chamaem Melil Anethi Anthos ana P ij Baccar Laur. Juniper Conquassatar ana â„¥ j. Caryophyl â„¥ ij Aquae fontanae Vini albi ana lb iv
saith he saw one which livad and recovered after a great portion of the brain fell out by reason of a wound received on the hind part of his head In the year of our Lord 1538. while I was Chirurgeon to the Marshal of Montejan at Turin I had one of his Pages in cure who playing at quoits received a wound with a stone upon the right Bregma with a fracture and so great an Effracture of the bone that the quantity of half a hasel Nut of the brain came forth thereat Which I observing presently pronounced the wound to be deadly a Physitian which was present contradicted my opinion affirming that substance was no portion of the brain but a certain fatty body But I with reason and experience in presence of a great company of Gentlemen Why fat cannot be generated under the skull convinced the pertinacy of the Man with reason for that fat cannot be generated under the skull for although the parts there contained be cold yet because they are heated by the abundance of the most hot and subtle animal spirits and the heat of vapours rising thither from all the body Signs of a fatty substance they do not suffer fat to concreat about them But with experience for that in dissecting of dead bodies there was never any fat observed there besides also fat will swim on the top of water but this substance as marrowy cast into the water presently sunk to the bottom Lastly fat put to the fire becomes liquid and melts but this substance being laid upon a hot iron became dry shrunk up and contracted it self like a piece of leather but dissolved not at all Wherefore all those which were present cryed out that my judgment was right of that substance that came forth of the skull Yet though it was cut away the Page recovered perfectly but that he continued deaf all his life after CHAP. XXIII Of the Wounds of the Face HAving treated of the wounds of the head by their causes signs and cure Why we treat in particular of wounds of the face it follows that we now speak of the wounds of the Face if but for this that when they are carelesly handled they leave deformed scars in the most specious and beautiful part of the body The causes are the same which are incident to the skull that is external But this may be added to the kinds and differences of the wounds that the life may be out of danger though any one whole part of the face as the ear eye nose lip may be cut away by a wound but not so in the head or skull Wherefore beginning at the wounds of the eye-brows we will prosecute in order the wounds of the other parts of the face This is chiefly to be observed in wounds of the eye-brows that they are oft-times cut so overthwart that the muscles and fleshy pannicle which move and lift them up are wholly rent and torn A thing to be observed in wounds of the Eye-brows In which case the eye-lids cannot be opened and the eyes remain covered and as it were shut up in the cases of their lids so that even after the agglutination of the wound if the Patient would look upon any thing he is forc'd to hold up the eye-lids with his hand with which infirnity I have seen many troubled yet oft-times not so much by the violence of the wound as the unskilfulness of the Chirurgeon who cured them that is by the negligent application of the boulsters an unfit ligature and more unfit future In this case the skilful Chirurgeon which is called to the Patient shall cut off as much of the skin and fleshy pannicle as shall serve the eye-lids that so they may by their own strength hold and keep open without the help of the hand then he shall sow the wound as is fit with such a stitch as the Furriers and Glovers use and then he shall pour thereon some of the Balsom of my description and shall lay such a medicine to the neighbouring parts â„ž Olei rosar â„¥ ss album â—vor nu ij boli armen sanguinis Dracon Mastich ad Ê’ j. agitentur simul fiâ— medicamentum Then let the part be bound with a fitting Ligature Afterwards you shall use Emplast de gratia Dei Empl. de Betonica Diacaleitheos or some other like until the wound be cicatrized But such like and all other wounds of the face may be easily healed unless they either be associated with some malign symptoms or the Patient's body be repleat with ill humors Lagophthalmia is a quite contrary to the falling down of the Eye-lids There sometimes happen a quite contrary accident in wounds of the eye-brows that is when the eye-lids stand so up that the Patient is forc'd to sleep with eyes open wherefore those which are so affected are called by the Greeks Lagophthalmi The cause of this affect is often internal as a carbuncle or other kind of abscess as a blow or stroak It shall be cured by a crooked or semicircular incision made above the eye-lids but so that the extreams of the semicircle bend downwards that they may be pressed down and joyned as much as is needful to amend the stifness of the eye-lid But you must not violate the gristle with your Instrument for so they could no more be lifted up the residue of the cure must be performed as is fit CHAP. XXIV Of the Wounds of the Eyes WOunds of the Eyes are made by the violence of things pricking cutting bruising or otherwise loosing the continuity But the cure must always be varied according to the variety of the causes and differences The first head of cure is that if any strange and heterogeneous body shall be fallen into the eyes let it be taken forth assoon as you can lifting and turning up the eye-lid with the end of a spatula But if you cannot discern this moat or little body then put three or four seeds of Clary or Oculus Christi into the pained Eye For these seeds are thought to have a faculty to cleanse the eyes and take out the moats which are not fastned deep in nor do too stubbornly adhere to the membranes For in this case you shall use this following Instrument for herewith we open the eye-lids the further putting it between them and the eye and also keeping the eye steddy by gently pressing it that so with our mullets we may pull out the extraneous body this is the figure of such an Instrument The delineation of a Speculum oculi fit to dilate and hold asunder the Eye-lids and keep the Eye steddy it is so mâ—de that it may be dilated and contracted according to the greatness of the Eyes A repercussive to be put into the Eye All strange bodies taken out let this medicine be put into the eye Take the strains of a dozen eggs let them be beaten in a leaden Mortar with a little Rose-water and so put into the eye
water you must heat them very hot and so the air which is contained in them will be exceedingly rarified which by putting them presently into water will be condensate a much and so will draw in the water to supply the place ne detur vacuum Then put them into fire and it again ratifying the water into air will make them yield a strong continued and forcible blast The cause of the report and blow of a Cannon Ball-bellows brought out of Germany which are made of brass hollow and round and have a very small hole in them whereby the water is put in and so put to the fire the water by the action thereof is rarified into air and so they send forth wind with a great noise and blow strongly assoon as they grow throughly not You may try the same with Chesnuts which cast whole and undivided into the fire presently fly asunder with a great crack because the watry and innate humidity turned into wind by the force of the fire forcibly breaks his passage forth For the air or wind raised from the water by rarifaction requires a larger place neither can it now be contained in the narro◠〈◊〉 or skins of the Chesnut wherein it was formerly kept Just after the same manner Gunâ—der being fired turns into a far greater proportion of air according to the truth of that Philosophical proposition which saith Of one part of earth there are made ten of water of one of water ten of air and of one of air are made ten of fire Now this fire not possible to be pent in the narrow space of the piece wherein the powder was formerly contained endeavours to force its passage with violence and so casts forth the Bullet lying in the way yet so that it presently vanishes into air and doth not accompany the Bullet to the mark or object which it batters spoils and breaks asunder Yet the Bullet may drive the obvious air with such violence that men are often sooner touched therewith than with the Bullet and dye by having their bones shattered and broken without any hurt on the flesh which covers them which as we formerly noted it hath common with Lightning We find the like in Mines when the powder is once fired it removes and shakes even Mountains of earth In the year of our Lord 1562. A History a quantity of this powder which was not very great taking fire by accident in the Arcenal of Paris caused such a tempest that the whole City shook therewith but it quite overturned divers of the neighbouring houses and shook off the â—yles and broke the windows of those which were further off and to conclude like a storm of Lightning it laid many here and there for dead some lost their sight others their hearing and othersome had their limbs torn asunder as if they had been rent with wild Horses and all this was done by the only agitation of the air into which the fired Gun-powder was turned Just after the same manner as windes pent up in hollow places of the earth which want vents The cause of an Earthquake For in seeking passage forth they vehemently shake the sides of the Earth and raging with a great noise about the cavities they make all the surface thereof to tremble so that by the various agitation one while up another down it over-turns or carries it to another place For thus we have read that Megara and Aegina anciently most famous Cities of Greece were swallowed up and quite over-turned by an Earthquake I omit the great blusterings of the winds striving in the cavities of the earth which represent to such as hear them at some distance the fierce assailing of Cities the bellowing of Bullets the horrid roarings of Lions neither are they much unlike to the roaring reports of Cannons These things being thus premised let us come to the thing we have in hand Amongst things necessary for life there is none causes greater changes in us than the Air which is continually drawn into the Bowels appointed by nature and whether we sleep wake or what else soever we do we continual draw in and breathe it out Through which occasion Hippocrates calls it Divine for that breathing through this mundane Orb it embraces nourishes defends and keeps in quiet peace all things contained therein friendly conspiring with the Stars from whom a divine vertue is infused therein For the air diversly changed and affected by the Stars doth in like manner produce various changes in these lower mundane bodies And hence it is that Philosophers and Physitians do so seriously with us to behold and consider the culture and habit of places and constitution of the air when they treat of preserving of health or curing diseases For in these the great power and dominion of the air is very apparent as you may gather by the four seasons of the year for in Summer the air being hot and dry heats and dryes our bodies but in Winter it produceth in us the effects of Winters qualities that is of cold and moisture yet by such order and providence of nature that although according to the varieties of seasons our bodies may be variously altered yet shall they receive no detriment thereby if so be that the seasons retain their seasonableness from whence if they happen to digress they raise and stir up great perturbations both in our bodies and minds whose malice we can scarse shun because they encompass us on every hand and by the law of Nature enter together with the air into the secret Cabinets of our Bodies both by occult and manifest passages For who is lie How the air becomes hurtful that doth not by experience find both for the commodity and discommodity of his health the various effects of winds wherewith the air is commixt according as they blow from this or that Region or quarter of the world Wherefore seeing that the South-wind is hot and moist the North-wind cold and dry the East-wind clear and fresh the West wind cloudy it is no doubt but that the air which we draw in by inspiration carries together therewith into the Bowels the qualities of that wind which is then prevalent Whence we read in Hippocrates Aphor. 17. sect 3. that changes of times whether they happen by different winds or vicissitude of seasons chiefly bring diseases For Northerly winds do condense and strengthen our Bodies and make them active well coloured and during by resuscitating and vigorating the native heat But Southern winds resolve and moisten our Bodies make us heavy-headed dull the hearing cause giddiness and make the Eyes and Body less agile as the Inhabitants of Nâ—rbon find to their great harm who are otherwise ranked among the most active people of France But if we would make a comparison of the seasons and constitutions of the year by Hippâ—crates decree Droughts are more wholesome and less deadly than Rains I judg for that too much humidity is the mother of
used to Caruncles occasioned by the Lues Venerea Particular defaults of the Lues Venerea not to be cured unless by the general remedie of the virulency BUt if you suspect that these Caruncles come or are occasioned by a virulent humor or the malignity of the Lues Venerea it is meet that the patient observe such a diet as usually is presâ—ribed to such as are troubled with the Lues Venerea let him use a decoction of Guaicum and let the perinaeum and the whole yard be anointed with ointment made for the Lues Venerea otherwise the Surgeon will lose his labor In the interim whilst he shall sweat in his bed he shall be wished to hold between his legs a stone-bottle filled with hot water or else a hot brick wrapped in linnen cloaths moistened in vinegar and aqua vitae for thus the heat and vapor will ascend to the genitals which together with the help of the applied ointment will dissolve the matter of the Caruncles Caruncles if callous must first be softned and being thus softned they must be consumed with convenient medicines Wherefore first if they become callous or cicatrized which you may suspect if they cast forth no excrementitious humidity they shall be exasperated excoriated and torn with a leaden Catheter having a rough button at the end like a round file He shall so long use the Catheter put into the Vrethra thrusting it up and down the same way so long and often as he shall think fit for the breaking and tearing the Caruncles he shall permit them thus torn to bleed freely so to ease the affected part You may also for the same purpose put into the Vrethra the Catheter marked with this letter B whereinto putting a silver wier sharp at the upper end that by often thrusting it in and out it may wear and make plain the resisting Caruncles Verily by this means I have helped many much perplexed with the fearful danger of this disease Some better like of the Catheter marked with this letter A being thus used it is thrust into the Vrethra with the prominent cutting sides downwards and then pressing the yard on the outside close with your hand to the Catheter in the place where the Caruncles are it is drawn forth again A powder to wast Caruncles The Caruncle thus torn shall be strowed over with the following powder being very effectual to wast and consume all Caruncles of the privities without much pain â„ž herb sabin in umbra exsiccaâ— Ê’ii ocrae antimon tut praeparat an Ê’ss fiat pulv subtilissimus let it be applied in the following manner Put the powder into the pipe or Catheter having holes in the sides hereof the which is the lower most of the last described Then put the Catheter into the urinary passage untill the slit or openness of the side come to the Caruncle How to apply it then into the hollowness of the Catheter put a silver wier wrapped about the end with a little linnen rag which as it is thrust up will also thrust up the powder therewith untill it shall come to the slâ—t against the Caruncle then will it adhere to the caruncle bloody by reason of the said attrition Then shall you draw forth the Catheter first twining it about that so it may not scrape of the powder again If intolerable pain hereupon happen it shall be asswaged and the inflammation restrained by the following injection â„ž An injection to hinder inflammation succorum portulacae plantag solani sempervivi an â„¥ ss album ovorum nu vi agitentur diu in mortario plumbeo let it bejected warm into the urethra with a syringe In stead hereof you may also make use of another injection which is formerly prescribed Neither will it be unprofitable to apply repercussives to the genitals to hinder pain and inflammation You may also use other medicines having a faculty to consume the Caruncle amongst which these following are excellent â„ž An Emplaster used by the Surgeons of Mountpelier for Caruncles viridis aris auripig menti vitriol Rom. aluminis roch an â„¥ ii infundantur omnia in aceto acâ—rrimo atque inter duo marmora in pellinem redigantur then let it be exposed to summers â—un and dried again infused in sharp vinegar and then as before ground upon a marble so that you finde nothing sharp with your fingers lastly let it be opposed to the sun untill it may be made into most subtil powder and all the acrimony be vanished which will be commonly in eight daies space Then â„ž ol rosat â„¥ iv lythargyr â„¥ ii coquantur ad ignem quosque coierint in emplast solidae consistentiae ab igne tum semotis adde pulv predict â„¥ ii let them be mixed with a spatula and put it upon the fire untill it come to so hard a consistence that it will stick fast to a wax candle or lead wier so that it may not come off by handling with your hands The Surgeons of Montpelier use this medicine This following is another â„ž tutiae praeparatÊ’vi antimonii Ê’iii trochiâ—c alborum Rhas camphorat Another Emplaster Ê’i corticis granati aluminis usti an Ê’iss spongiae ustae ℈ ii let them be all made into powder then â„ž ung diapompholigos alb Rhasis an â„¥ ii misceantur cum praedictis pulveribus in mortario plumbeo diu agitentur let a very fine rag be spread over with this ointment How to apply it and wrapped about a wax candle and so thrust into the Vrethra and then draw forth the candle by twining it a contrary way so let the end of the rag hang out of the yard so to pluck it forth again when as you shall think it hath done what it can to the Caruncle which is when it hath covered it with the medicine with which it was spread Some also make wax candles with a slender but â—â—â—st wick whose end which is to be put to wear and consume the Caruncle is compoâ—ed of the following medicine â„ž Emplastri nigri vel dyathylouis ireati â„¥ ii pulv sabinae ocrae vitriol Rom. calcin pul mer. an Ê’ ss omnia liquescant simul ad dictum usum Whilst the cure shall be in hand by these following medicines Let the patient be careful that he so shake his yard after making water A caution in making water that he may shake forth all the reliques of the urine which may chance to stop at the Caruncles for if but one drop should stay there it would be sufficient to spoil the whole operation of the applied medicines After that the Caruncle shall be worn away and wholly consumed by the described medicines Signs that the Caruncle is worn away which you may know by the urine flowing forth freely and in a full stream and by thrusting up a Catheter into the bladder without any stoppage then it remains that the ulcers be dried and cicatrized for which purpose the following
and nature be too weak and yield and that first he be troubled with often panting or palpitation of the heart then presently after with frequent faintings the patient then at length will die For this is a great sign of the Plague or a pestilent Fever if presently at the first with no labour nor any evacuation worth the speaking of their strength fail them and they become exceeding faint You may find the other signs mentioned in our preceding discourse CHAP. XIX Into what place the Patient ought to betake himself so soon as he finds himself infected Change of the Air conduceth to the cure of the Plague WE have said that the perpetual and first original of the Pestilence cometh of the Air therefore so soon as one is blasted with the pestiferous Air after he hath taken some preservative against the malignity thereof he must withdraw himself into some wholesome Air that is clean and pure from any venomous infection or contagion for there is great hope of health by the alteration of the Air for we do most frequently and abundantly draw in the Air of all things so that we cannot want it for a minute of time therefore of the Air that is drawn in dependeth the correction amendment or increase of the poyson or malignity that is received as the Air is pure sincere or corrupted There be some that do think it good to shut the patient in a close chamber shutting the windows to prohibit the entrance of the Air as much as they are able But I think it more convenient that those windows should be open from whence that wind bloweth that is directly contrary unto that which brought in the venomous Air Air pent up is apt to putrefie For although there be no other cause yet if the Air be not moved or agitated but shut up in a close place it will soon be corrupted Therefore in a close and quiet place that is not subject to the entrance of the Air I would wish the Patient to make winde or to procure Air with a thick and great cloth dipped or macerated in water and vinegar mixed together and tied to a long staff that by tossing it up and down the close chamber the winde or air thereof may cool and recreate the Patient The Patient must every day be carryed into a fresh chamber and the beds and the linnen cloaths must be changed there must alwayes be a clear and bright fire in the Patients chamber and especially in the night whereby the air may be made more pure clean and void of nightly vapors and of the filthy and pestilent breath proceeding from the Patient or his excrements In the mean time lest if it be in hot weather the Patient should be weakned or made more faint by reason that the heat of the fire doth disperse and wast his spirits the floor or ground of his chamber must be sprinkled or watered with vineger and water or strowed with the branches of Vines made moist in cold water with the leaves and flowers of Water-lillies or Poplar or such like In the fervent heat of Summer he must abstain from Fumigations that do smell too strongly because that by assaulting the head they increase the pain If the Patient could go to that cost it were good to hang all the chamber where he lyeth and also the bed with thick or course linnen cloaths moistned in vineger and water of Roses Those linnen cloaths ought not to be very white but somewhat brown because much and great whiteness doth disperse the sight and by wasting the spirits doth increase the pain of the head for which cause also the chamber ought not to be very lightsome Contrariwise on the night season there ought to be fires and perfumes made which by their moderate light may moderately call forth the spirits The materials for sweet fires Sweet-fires may be made of little pieces of the wood of Juniper Broom Ash Tamarisk of the rind of Oranges Lemmons Cloves Benzoin Gum-Arabick Orris-roots Myrrh grosly beaten together and laid on the burning coals put into a chafing-dish Truly the breath or smoak of the wood or berries of Juniper is thought to drive serpents a great way from the place where it is burnt Lib. 16. cap. 13. The virtue of the Ash-tree against venom is so great as Pliny testifieth that a Serpent will not come under the shadow thereof no not in the morning nor evening when the shadow of any thing is most great and long but he will run from it I my self have proved that if a circle or compass be made with the boughs of an Ash-tree and a fire made in the midst thereof and a Serpent put within the compass of the boughs that the Serpent will rather run into the fire then through the Ash-boughs There is also another means to correct the Air. You may sprinkle Vinegar of the decoction of Rue Sage Rosemary Bay-berries Juniper-berries Ciprus-nuts and such like on stones or bricks red hot and put in a pot or pan that all the whole chamber where the Patient lyeth may be perfumed with the vapor thereof Perfumes Also Fumigations may be made of some matter that is more gross and clammy that by the force of the fire the fume may continue the longer as of Laudanum Myrrh Mastich Rosin Turpentine Stâ—rax Olibanum Benzoin Bay-berries Juniper-berries Cloves Sage Rosemary and Marjerom stamped together and such like Sweet candles Those that are rich and wealthy may have Candles and Fumes made of Wax or Tallow mixed with some sweet things A sponge macerated in Vineger of Roses and Water of the same and a little of the decoction of Cloves and of Camphire added thereto ought alwayes to be ready at the Patients hand that by often smelling unto it the animal spirits may be recreated and strengthned A sweet water to smell to The water following is very effectual for this matter Take of Orris four ounces of Zedoary Spikenard of each six drams of Storax Benzoin Cinnamon Nutmegs Cloves of each one ounce and half of old Treacle half an ounce bruise them into gross powder and macerate them for the space of twelve hours in four pound of white and strong wine then distil them in a Lembick of glass on hot ashes and in that liquor wet a sponge and then let it be tied in a linnen cloth or closed in a box and so often put into the nostrils Or take of the vinegar and water of Roses of each four ounces of Camphire six grains of Treacle half a dram let them be dissolved together and put into a vial of glass which the Patient may often put into his nose This Nodula following is more meet for this matter Take of Rose-leaves two pugils A Nodula to smell to of Orris half an ounce of Calamus aromaticus Cinnamon Cloves of each two drams of Storax and Benzoin of each one dram and a half of Cyprus half a dram beat them
at the mouth and sweats In the mean while let him put in an instrument made like unto a pessary and cause the sick woman to hold it there this instrument must have many holes in the upper end through which the purulent matter may pass which by staying or stopping might get a sharpness as also that so the womb may breath the more freely and may be kept more temperate and cool by receiving the air by the benefit of a springe whereby this instrument being made like unto a pessary is opened and shut The form of an Instrument made like unto a Pessary whereby the womb may be ventilated A. Sheweth the end of the Instrument which must have many hâ—les therein B. Sheweth the body of the Instrument C. Sheweth the plate whereby the mouth of the Instrument is opened and shut as wide and as close as you will for to receive the air more freely D. Sheweth the springe EE Shew the laces and bands to tie about the patients body that so the Instrument may be staied and kept fast in his place CHAP. LXI Of the Hoemorrhoids and Warts of the neck of the womb The differences of the Haemorrhoids of the neck of the womb LIke as in the fundament so in the neck of the womb there are Hoemorrhoides and as it were varicous veins often-times flowing with much blood or with a red and stinking whayish humor Some of these by reason of their redness and great inequality as it were of knobs are like unripe Mulberries and are called vulgarly venae morales that is to say the veins or hoemorrhâ—ids like unto Mulberries others are like unto Grapes and therefore are named uvales other some are like unto warts and therefore are called venae verucales some appear and shew themselves with a great tumor others are little in the bottom of the neck of the womb others are in the side or edg thereof Acrochordon is a kinde of wart with a callous bunch or knot having a thin or slender root What an Acrochoâ—don is and a greater head like unto the knot of a rope hanging by a small thred it is called of the Arabians veruca botoralis What a Thymus it There is also another kind of wart which because of its great roughness and inequality is called Thymus as resembling the flower of Thyme All such diseases are exasperated and made more grievous by any exercise especially by Venerous acts many times they have a certain malignity and an hidden virulency joined with them by occasion whereof they are aggravated even by touching only because they have their matter of a raging humor therefore to these we may not rightly use a true S. Fiacrius figs. but only the palliative cure as they term it the Latines call them only ficus but the French men name them with an adjunct Saint Fiacrius figs. CHAP. LXII Of the cure of the Warts that are in the neck of the womb What warts of the womb must be bound and so cut off THe warts that grow in the neck of the womb if they be not malignant are to be tied with a thred and so cut off Those that lie hid more deep in the womb may be seen and cured by opening the matrix with a dilater made for the purpose Divers Specula matricis or Dilaters for the inspection of the Matrix Another form of a Dilater or Speculum matricis whereof the declaration followeth A. Sheweth the screw which shutteth and openeth the dilater of the Matrix BB. Shew the arms or branches of the instrument which ought to be eight or nine fingers long But these Dilaters of the matrix ought to be of a bigness correspondent to the patients bodie let them be put into the matrix when the woman is placed as we have said when the childe is to be drawn out of her bodie That instrument is most meet to tie the warts which we have described in the relaxation of the palate or Vvula let them be tied harder and harder every day until they fall away Therefore for the curing of warts there are three chief scopes as bands sections Three scopes of the cure of warts in the womb An effectual water to consume warts cauteries and lest they grow up again let oil of vitriol be dropped on the place or aqua fortis oâ— some of the â—ee whereof potential cauteries are made This water following is most effectual to consume and waste warts â„ž aq plantag â„¥ vi virid aeris Ê’ii alum roch Ê’ iii. sal com â„¥ ss vit rom sublim an Ê’ ss beat them all together and boil them let one or two drops of this water be dropped on the grieved place not touching any place else but if there be an ulcer it must be cured as I have shewed before A certain man studious of physick Unguents to consume warts of late affirmed to me that Ox-dung tempered with the leaves or powder of Savine would wast the warts of the womb if it were applied thereto warm which whether it be true or not let Experience the mistress of things be judge Verily Cantharides put into unguents will do it and as it is likely more effectually for they will consume the callousness which groweth between the toes or fingers I have proved by experience that the warts that grow on the hands may be cured by applying of purslain beaten or stampt in its own juice The leaves and flowers of Marigolds do certainly perform the self-same thing CHAP. LXIII Of Chaps and thâ—se wrinkled and hard excrescences which the Greeks call Condylomata What Chaps are CHaps or Fissures are cleft and very long little Ulcers with pain very sharp and burning by reason of the biting of an acrid salt and drie humor making so great a contraction and often-times narrowness in the fundament and the neck of the womb that scarcely the top of ones finger may be put into the orifice thereof like unto pieces of leather or parchment which are wrinkled and parched by holding of them to the fire They rise sometimes in the mouth so that the patient can neither speak eat nor open his mouth so that the Surgeon is constrained to cut it The cure In the cure thereof all sharp things are to be avoided and those which mollifie are to be used and the grieved place or part is to be moistened with fomentations liniments cataplasms emplasters and if the maladie be in the womb a dilater of the matrix or pessarie must be put thereinto very often so to widen that which is over hard and too much drawn together or narrow What Condylomata are and then the cleft little ulcers must be cicatrized Condylomata are certain wrinkled and hard bunches and as it were excrescences of the flesh rising especially in the wrinkled edge of the fundament and neck of the womb Cooling and relaxing medicines ought to be used against this disease The cure such as are oil of
finest of it should fly away these being mingled with the oil of roses and myrtles with a gentle fire may be boiled untill they come to the consistence of hony then add the axungia's and boil them till the whole grow black after add the sebum and that being dissolved take it from the fire and then add the unguentum populeon and some wax if there be need and so bring it to the form of a plaster Diachyloâ— magnum â„ž litharg puri pul â„¥ xii ol irin chamaem aneth an â„¥ viii mucag sem lini faenug rad alth ficuum ping uvar. passar succi ireos scillae oesipi icthyocollae an Ê’ vii ss tereb â„¥ iii. res pini cerae flavae an â„¥ ii fiat emplastrum The litharge is to be mingled with the oil before it be set to the fire then by a gentle fire it is to be boiled to a just consistence after the mucilage by degrees must be put in which being consumed the juices must be added and the icthyocolla and they being wasted too then put to the wax rosin then taking the whole from the fire add the oesipus and terebinthina The use of plasters We use plasters when we would have the remedy stick longer and firmer to the part and would not have the st ength of the medicament to fly away or exhale too suddenly CHAP. XXVIII Of Cataplasms and Pultisses The matter of cataplasms CAtaplasms are not much unlike to emplasters less properly so called for they may be spread upon linnen cloths and stoups like them and so applied to the grieved parts They are composed of roots leaves fruits flowers seeds herbs juices oils fats marrows meals rosins Of these some must be boiled others crude The boiled are made of herbs boiled tender and so drawn forth an hair-searse adding oils and axungias thereto The crude are made of herbs beaten or their juices mixed with oil and flower or other powders appropriate to the part oâ— disease as the Physician shall think fit The quantity of medicines entring these compositions can scarce be defined for that they must be varied as we would have the composition of a softer or harder body Their use Verily they ought to be more gross and dense when as we desire to ripen any thing but more soft and liquid when we endeavor to discuss We use cataplasms to asswage pain digest discuss and resolve unnatural tumors and flatulencies They ought to be moderately hot and of subtill parts so to attract and draw forth yet their use is suspected the body being not yet purged for thus they draw down more matter into the affected part Neither must we use these when as the matter that is to be discussed is more gross and earthy for thus the subtler parts will be only discussed Lib. 2. ad Glauc â—bid sciâ—ho and the gross remain impact in the part unless your cataplasm be made of an equal mixture of things nor only discussing but also emollient as it is largely handled by Galen An anodyne cataplasm A ripening cataplasm A discussing cataplasm How Pultisses differ from cataplasms This shall be largely illustrated by examples As â„ž medul panis lb ss decâ—quantur in lacte pingui adde olei chamaem â„¥ ss axung galin â„¥ i. fiat cataplasma Or â„ž rad alth â„¥ iii. fol. malv. senecionis an m i. sem lini fenug an Ê’ ii ficus ping nu vi decoquantur in aqua per setaceum transmittantur addendo â—lei lilior â„¥ i. far bord â„¥ ii axung porcini â„¥ i ss fiat cataplasma Or â„ž far fab â—roh an â„¥ ii pulv chamaem melil an Ê’ iii. ol â—rin amydg amar an â„¥ i. succi rut â„¥ ss fiat cataplasma Pultisses differ not from cataplasms but that they usually consist of meals boiled in oil water hony or axungia Pultisses for the ripening of tumors are made of the flowr of barly wheat and milk especially in the affects of the entrails or else to dry and binde of the meal of rice lentils or Orobus with vinegar or to cleanse and they are made of hony flour of beans and lupines adding thereto some old oil or any other oil of hot quality and so make a discussing pultis Also anodyne pultisses may be made with milk as thus for exampleâ— A ripening cataplasm â„ž farin triticiae â„¥ ii misce panis purissimi â„¥ iii. decequantur in lacte fiat pulticula â„ž farin hordei fab an â„¥ ii far oreb â„¥ iii. decoquantur in hydromelete addendo meliis quart i. olei amyg amar â„¥ ii fiat pulticula We use pultises for the same purpose as we do cataplasms to the affects both of the internal and external parts We sometimes use them for the killing of worms and such as are made of the meal of Lupines boiled in vineger with an oxes gall or in a decoction of wormwood and other such like bitter things CHAP. XXIX Of Fomentations A Fotus or fomentation is an evaporation or hot lotion chiefly used to mollifie relax and asswage pain consisting of medicines having these faculties A fomentation commonly useth to be moist being usually made of the same things as embrocations to wit of roots seeds flowers boiled in water or wine The roots here used are commonly of mallows marsh-mallows and lillies The seeds are of mallows marsh-mallows parsley smallage line fenugreek Flowers are of camomil melilot figs raisins and the like all which are to be boiled in wine water or Lye to the consumption of the third part or the half as â„ž Rad. alth lil an â„¥ ii sem lini foenug cumin an Ê’ iii. flo cham melil aneth an p i. summit orig m. ss bulliant in aequis partibus aquae vini aut in duabus partibus aquae una vini aut in Lixivio cineris sarmentorum ad tertiae partis consumptionem fiat fotus In imitation hereof you may easily describe other fomentations as occasion and necessity shall require We use fomentations before we apply cataplasms ointments or plasters to the part Their use that so we may open the breathing places or pores of the skin relax the parts attenuate the humor that thus the way may be the more open to the following medicines The body being first purged fomentations may be used to what parts you please They may be applied with a female-spunge for it is gentler and softer then the male with felt woollen cloaths or the like dipped in the warm decoction wrung out and often renewed otherwise you may fill a Swines bladder half full especially in pains of the sides of the decoction or else a stone-bottle so to keep hot the longer 2. De victu in acuâ—is yet so that the bottle be wrapped in cotton wool or the like soft thing that so it may not by the hardness and roughness offend the part according to Hippocrates CHAP. XXX Of Embrocations AN Embroche or Embrocation is a watering
capiti apponatur â„ž flor borag buglos violar an p ii cortic citri sicci macis ligni aloes rasurae eboris an Ê’i A quilt for the heart ossis de corde cervi croci an ℈ ii fol. melis m ss pulveris diambrae Ê’ ss contritis omnibus fiat sacculus e serico pro cordeirrorandus aquâ scabiosae We use bags for the strengthening of the noble parts as the brain heart liver Their use as also for those less noble as the stomach lastly for discussing flatulencies in what part soever as in the collick and in a bastard plurifie proceeding from flatulencies The powders must be strawed upon carded bombast that they run not together and then they must be sewed up or quilted in a bag of linnen or taffaty We often-times moisten these bags in wine or distilled water and sometimes not with the substance thereof but by the vapor only of such liquors put into a hot dish thus oft-times the bags are heated by the vapor only and oft-times at the fire in a dish by often turning them These if intended for the heart ought to of be crimson or scarlet silk because the scarlet-berry called by the Arabians Kermes is said to refresh and recreate the heart Certainly they must alwaies be made of some fine thing whether is be linnen or silk CHAP. XL. Of Fumigations A Suffitus or fumigation is an evaporation of medicines having some viscous and fatty moisture of fumigations some are drie and othersome moist What a fumigation is Their differences and matter the drie have the forme of trochiscs or pills their matter ought to be fatty and viscous so that it may send forth a smoke by being burnt such are ladanum myrrh mastich pitch wax rosin turpentine castoreum styrax frankincense olibanum and other gums which may be mixed with convenient powders for they yeeld them a body and firm consistence the fumigations that are made of powder only yeeld neither so strong nor long a fume The quality of the powders must be from â„¥ ss to â„¥ i ss but the gums to â„¥ ii as â„ž sandarachae A cephalick fume mastiches rosar an Ê’i benjoini galang an Ê’iii terebinthin excipiantur fiant trochisci quibus incensis suffumigentur tegumenta capitis â„ž marchasitae â„¥ ii bdellii myrrhae styracis an â„¥ i ss cerae flavae For the hardness of the sinews terebinth quod sufficit fiant formulae pro suffumigio â„ž cinnabaris â„¥ ii styracis benjoini an â„¥ ii cum terebinth fiant trochisci pro suffumigio per embotum We use fumigations in great obstructions of the brain ulcers of the lungs the asthma For the relicks of the Lues Venerea an old cough pains of the sides womb and the diseases of some other parts sometimes the whole body is fumigated as in the cure of the Lues Venerea to procure sweat sometimes only some one part whereto some relicks of the Lues adheres such fumigations are made of cinnabaris wherein there is much hydrargyarum The fume must be received by a funnel The manner of using them that so it may not be dispersed but may all be carried unto the part affected as is usually done in the affects of the womb and ears In fumigations for the brain and chest the vapor would be received with open mouth which thence may pass by the weason into the chest by the palat and nostrils into the brain but in the interim let the head be vailed that none of the vapour may flie away Moist fumigations are made somewhiles of the decoction of herbs otherwhiles of some one simple medicine boiled in oyl sometimes a hot fire-stone is quench't in vineger wine aqua vitae or the like liquor so to raise a humid vapour We oft-times use this kinde of fumigation in overcomming schirrhous affects when as we would cut discuss penetrate deep and drie take this as an example thereof The manner of a moist fumigation â„ž laterem unum satis crassum aut marchasitam ponderis lb i. heat it red hot and then let it be quencht in sharp vineger powring thereon in the mean while a little aqua vitae make a fumigation for the grieved part Fumes of the decoction of herbs do very little differ from fomentations properly so called for they differ not in the manner of their composure but only in the application to the affected parts therefore let this be an example of a humid fumigation A moist fume for the ears â„ž absinth salv rut origan an p i. rad bryon asar an â„¥ ss sem sinap cumin an Ê’ii decoquantur in duabus partibus aquae unà vini pro suffitis auâ—is cum emboto and oft-times such fumigations are made for the whole body whereof we shall treat hereafter CHAP. XLI Of a particular or half-bath What an insessus is A Semicupium or half-bath is a bath for the one half of the body that is for the parts from the belly downwards it is called also an insessio because the patient fitteth to bathe in the decoction of herbs in which form and respect a semicupium differs from a fomentation for it is composed of the same matter to wit a decoction of herbs roots seeds The matter fruits but in this the quantity of the decoction is the greater as we shall teach by the following example A half-bath for the stone in the kidnies â„ž malv. bismalv cum toto an m i ss beton saxifrag pariet an m i. sem melon milii solis alkekengi an Ê’iii cicer rub p ii rad apii graminis foeniculi eryngii an Ê’i decoquantur in sufficiente aquae pre insessu The use We use these half-baths in affects of the kidnies bladder womb fundament and lower belly or otherwise when as the Patient by reason of weakness and fear of dissipating the spirits cannot suffer or away with a whole bath The manner of using it The manner of using it is thus Fill some bags with the boiled herbs or other parts of plants and cause the patient to sit upon them yet in the interim keep the vapors from the head lest they should offend it by casting over it a linnen cloth or else let him not enter thereinto until the vapor be exhaled CHAP. XLII Of Baths The faculties of Baths BAths are nothing else then as it were a fomentation of the whole body both for preserving health and the cure of diseases this is a very commodious form of medicine and among other external medicines much celebrated by the Greek Arabian and Latin Physicians For a bath Their differences Natural Baths besides that it digests the acrid humors and footy exâ—rements lying under the skin mitigates pains and weariness and corrects all excess of distemper moreover in the cure of severs and many other contumacious and inveterate diseases it is the chief and last remedy and as it were the refuge of
be the stronger The best and fittest form of a Fornace for distillation is round for so the heat of the fire carried up equally diffuses it self every way which happens not in a Fornace of another figure A round form the best for Fotnaces as square or triangular for the corners disperse and separate the force of the fire Their magnitude must be such as shall be fit for the receiving of the vessel For their thickness so great as necessity shall seem to require They must be made with two bottoms distinguishd as it were into two forges one below which may receive the ashes of the coals or the like other fuel the other above to contain the burning coals or fire The bottom of this upper must either be an irongâ—â—te or else it must be perforated with many holes that so the ashes may the more easily fall down into the bottom which otherwise would extinguish the fire yet some Fornaces have three partitions as the fornace for reverberation In the first and lowest the ashes are received in the second the coals are put and in the third the matter which is calcind or else distilled The third ought to have a semicircular cover that so the heat or flame may be reflected upon the contained matter The lower partition shall have one or more doors by which the fallen-down ashes may be taken forth but the upper must have but one whereby the coals or wood may be put in But in the top or upper part of the Fornace where it shall seem most fit there shall be two or thre holes made that by them you may blow the fire and that the smoak may more freely pass out But these-forementioned doors must have their shutters much like an ovens mouth But in defect of a fornace or fit matter to build one withall we may use a kettle set upon a treefoot after the manner that we shall presently declare when we come to speak of that distillation which is to be made by Balneum Mariae CHAP. III. Of vessels fit for Distillation VEssels for Distillation consist of different matter and form for they are either of Lead Tin or Brass or else earthen vessels and these are sometimes leaded sometimes not or else they are of Gold Silver or Glass Now for leaden vessels they are worse then the rest Leaden vessels ill and utterly to be refuâ—ed especially when as the liquors which are drawn by them are to be taken into the body by the mouth by reason of the malignant qualities which are said to be in Lead by which occasion Galen condemns those waters which run and are contained in leaden pipes which by reason of their sâ—ltishness and acrimony which savors of quicksilver cause dysenteries Therefore you may perceive such waters as are diâ—tilled through a leaden head to be indued with a more acrid and violent-piercing vapor by reason the portion of that saltness disolved in them and as it were shaven from the Alembick or head defiles the distilled liquors and whitens and turns them into a milky substance but copper or brass heads are more hurtful then Lead Brass worse so they make the waters that come through them to savor or participate of brass Those that are of Gold and silver are less hurtful but the greatness of the cost hinders us from making heads of such metals The best vessels for distillation therefore we must have a care that our vessels for distillation be either of potters-metal leaded or else of bâ—ass or of that jug metal which is commonly called terra Betovacensis and these rather then of lead or any other metal Verily glasses are thought the best and next to them earthen vessels leaded then of jug-metal and lastly these of tin There is great variety of vessels for distillation in form and figure for some are of an oval or cylindrical figure that is of a round and longish others are twined and crooked others of other shapes as you may see in the beaks of the Chymists Of this almost infinite variety of figures I will in fit place give you the delineation anâ— use of such as shall seem to be most necessary CHAP. IV. What things are to be considered in Distillation FIrst make choise of a fit place in your house for the fornace so that it may neither hinder any thing not be in danger of the falling of any thing that shall lye over it When you shall istil any thing of a malign or venenate quality ye shall stand by it as little as you may lest the vapor should do you any harm when you provide glass-vessels for distillation make choise of such as are exquisitely baked without flaws or cracks and such as are everywhere smooth Let not the fire at first be very violent not only for fear of breaking the vessels but also for that the fiâ—st fiâ—e in distilâ—aâ—ion must be gentle and so increased by little and little The things to be distilled ought not to be put in too great quantity into the body of the Still lest they should rise up oâ— fly over Hot things that they may be more effectual must be twice or thrice distilled by powring upon them their own distilled water or other fresh materials How things must be often distiiled or else by distilling them severally and by themselves of this kinde are gums wax fats or oyls But in each other repeated distillations you must something lessen the force of the fire for the matter attenuateâ— by the former distillation cannot afterward endure so great heat but aromatick things as Cloves Cinnamom c as also the chymical oyls of Sage Rosemary Tyme c. ought not to be distilled or rectified over again for that we must presently after the first distillation have a diligent care to separate them from the phlegm that is the more watery substance of the whole liquor to which purpose we must have regard to that which is distilled for there are some things which send over their phlegm as Vineger others wherein it comes last * By aqua vitae in this and most other places is meant nothing but the spiriâ— of wine as aqua vitae If you would give to things to be distilled another taste or smell then that which they have naturally you may mix with them some odoriferous thing as Cinnamon Camphire or Musk or the like as you please and so distill them together The distilled liquors drawn by the heat of ashes or sand savor of and retain a certain empyreuma or smatch of the fire for the helping of which you shall put them into glasses close stopt and so expose them to the sun and now and then open the glasses that this fiery imp ession may exhale and the Phlegmon be consumed if that there shall be any But though in all distillation there are many things to be observed yet are there two things chiefly worthy of note The first is the matter that is to be distilled
the fiery and aiery parts wherefore the Wine becoming sowr there remains nothing of the former substance but phlegm wherefore seeing phlegm is chiefly predominant in Vineger it first rises in distillation Wherefore he that hopes to distil the spirit of Vineger he must cast away the phlegmatick substance that first substance that first rises and when by his taste he shall perceive the spirit of Vineger he shall keep the fire thereunder until the flowing liquor shall become as thick as hony then must the fire be taken away otherwise the burning of it will cause a great stinch The vessels fit to distil aqua vitae and Vineger are divers as an Alembick or Retort set in sand or Ashes a Copper or brass-bottom of a Stil with a head thereto having a pipe comming forth thereof which runs into a worm or pipe fastned in a barrel or vessel filled with cold water and having the lower end comming forth thereof whose figure we shall give you when as we come to speak of the drawing of oyls out of vegetables CHAP. IX Of the manner of rectifying that is how to increase the strength of waters that have been once distilled The first way TO rectifie the waters that have been distilled in Balneo Mariae you must set them in the Sun in glasses well stopped and half filled being set in sand to the third part of their height that the water waxing hot by the heat of the Sun may separate it self from the phlegm mixed therewith which will be performed in 12. or 15. dayes There is another better way to do this which is to distil them again in Balneo with a gentle fire or if you will put them into a Retort furnished with his receiver and set them upon chrystal or iron-bowls or in an iron-mortar directly opposite to the beams of the Sun The second as you may learn by these ensuing signs A Retort with his receiver standing upon Chrystal-bowls just opposite to the Sun-beams A. Shews the Retort B. The receiver C. The Châ—ystal bowls Another Retort with his receiver standing in a Marble or Iron-mortar directly opposite to the Sun A. Shews the Retort B. The marble or Iron-mâ—â—tar C The receiver CHAP. X. Of Distillation by filtring YOu shall set three basins or vessels of convenient matter in that fite and order that each may be higher than other that which stands in the highest place shall contain the liquor to be distilled and that which stands lowest shall receive the distilled liquor Out of the first and second vessel shall hang shreds or pieces of cloth or cotton with their broader ends in the liquor or upper vessel and the other sharper ends hanging down whereby the more subtil and defecate liquor may fall down by drops into the vessel that stands under it but the grosser and more feculent part may subside in the first and second vessel You by this means may at the same time distil the same liquor divers times if you place many vessels one under another after the fore-mentioned manner and so put shreds into each of them so that the lowest vessel may receive the purified liquor In stead of this distillation Apothecaries of-times use bags The description of vessels to perform the distillation or filtration by shreds A. Shews the vessel B. The Cloths or shreds â„ž litharg auri diligenter pulveris â„¥ iii. macerentur in aceti boni â„¥ vi trium horarum spatio seorsim etiam in aqua plantaginis solani rosarum aut commun sal infundatur then distil them both by shreds then mix the distilled liquors and you shall have that which for the milky whiteness is termed Virgins milk being good against the redness and pimples of the face Cap. 44. of fuci as we have noted in our Antidotary CHAP. XI What and how many waies there are to make oyls YOu may by three means especially draw to extract the oyls that you desire The first is by expression and so are made the oyls of Olives nuts seeds fruits and the like Oyls by expression By infusion By distillation Under this is thought to be contained elixation when as the beaten materials are boiled in water that so the oyl may swim aloft and by this means are made the oyls of the seeds of Elder and danewort and of Bay-berries Another is by infusion as that which is by infusing the parts of plants and other things in oyls The third is by distillation such is that which is drawn by the heat of the fire whether by ascent or by descent or by concourse The first way is known by all now it is thus Take almonds in their husks beat them work them into a mass then put them into a bag made of hair or else of strong cloth first steeped in water or in white-wine then put them into a press and so extract their oyl You may do the same in pine-apple-kernels Hazel-nuts Coco-nuts nutmegs peach-kernels the seeds of gouâ—ds and cucumbers pistick-nuts and all such oily things Oyl of bayes may be made of ripe bay-berries newly gathered Oyl of Balberries let them be beaten in a mortar and so boyled in a double vessel and then forthwith put into a press so to extract oyl as you do from Almonds unless you had rather get it by boiling as we have formerly noted Oyl of Eggs is made of the yelks of Eggs boyled very hard when they are so Of Eggs. rub them to pieces with your fingers then frie them in a pan over a gentle fire continually stirring them with a spoon until they become red and the oyl be resolved and flow from them then put them into a hair-cloth and so press forth the oyl The oyls prepared by infusion are thus made make choise of good oyl wherein let plants or creatures or the parts of them be macerated for some convenient time that is until they may seem to have transfused their faculties into the oyl then let them be boiled so strained or pressed out But if any aquosity remain let it be evaporated by boiling Some in compounding of oyls add gums to them of which though we have formerly spoken in our Antidotary yet have I thought good to give you this one example Oyl of S. Johns-wort â„ž flor hyper â„ž ss immitantur in phialam cum flo cent gum elemi an â„¥ ii olei com lb ii Let them be exposed all the heat of Summer to the Sun If any will add aqua vitae wherein some Benzoin is dissolved he shall have a most excellent oyl in this kinde Oyl of mastich is made Ex olei rosati â„¥ xii mastich â„¥ iii. vini optimi â„¥ viii Let them all be boiled together to the consumption of the wine then strain the oyl and reserve it in a vessel CHAP. XII Of extracting of Oyls of vegetables by Distillation ALmost all herbs that carry their flowers and seeds in an umble have seeds of a hot subtil and aiery substance and
Cinnamon This is sold to no stranger unless at the Kings pleasure and he setting the price thereof it is not lawful for others to cut thereof Galen writes that Cinnamon is of very subtil parts hot in the third degree 7. Simp. and partaking of some astriction therefore it cuts and dissolves the excrements of the body strengthens the parts provokes the courses when as they stop by reason of the admixture of gross humors it sweetens the breach and yields a fine taste and smell to medicines hippocras and sauces Of Cinnamon there is made an excellent water against all cold diseases and also against swoonings the plague and poysons The composition thereof is this Take of the choicest and best cinnamon one pound An excellent Cinnamon-tree beat it grosly and put thereto of Rose-water four pintes of white-wine half a pinte being thus mixed put them into a glass and so let them stand in infusion 24. hours often stirring of them Then distill them in Balneo Mariae closely luting the receiver and vessels lest the spirit should flye away CHAP. XIII Another manner how to draw the essence and spirits of herbs flowers seeds and spices as also of Rubarb Agarick Turbith Hermâ—dactyls and other Purgers YOu may extract the essences and spirits of the things mentioned in the title of this Chapter as thus Take Sugar R barb Cinnamon or any other material you please cut it small or else beat it then put it into a glass with a long neck and pour thereupon as much Aqua vitae as shall be sufficient to cover the materials or ingredients and to over-top them some fingers bredth then stop up the glass very close that no air enter thereinto Thus suffer it to infuse for eight dares in Balneo with a very gentle hear for thus the Aqua vitae will extract the faculties of the ingredients which you shall know that it hath done when as you shall see it perfectly tinctured with the color of the ing edients The eight dayes ended A sign that the spirit of wine hath sercht out the strength of the ingredients you shall put this same Aqua vitae into another vessel filled with the like quantity of the same materials prepared after the same manner that it may also take forth the tincture thereof and do thus three or four times until the aqua vitae be deeply tinctured with the colour of the infused Ingredients But if the materials from whence you desire to extract this spirit or essence be of great price as Lignum Aloes Rubarb c. you must not think it sufficient to infuse it once only but you must go over it twice or thrice until all the efficacy be extracted out thereof you may know that it is all wholly insipid These things thus done as is fitting A sign that the ingredients have lost their strength put all the liquor tinctured and furnished with the color and strength of the ingredients into an Alembick filled and closely luted to its head and so put into Balneum Mariae that so you may extract or draw off the aqua vitae to keep for the like purpose and so you shall have the spirit and essence remaining in the bottom Now if you desire to bring this extract to the height of hony set it in an earthen-pot well leaded upon hot ashes so that the thin part thereof may be evaporated for thus at length you shall have a most noble and effectual essence of that thing which you have distilled whereof one scruple will be more powerful in purging then two or three drams of the thing it self CHAP. XIV How to extract oyl out of Gums condensed juices and rosins as also out of some woods ALL oyls that are drawn our of gums oily-woods and metals What a Retort is are extracted by that vessel which we vulgarly term a Retort It must be made of glass or jug-metal well leaded and of such bigness as shall be convenient for the operation you intend though commonly it should be made to hold some gallon and an half of water the neck thereof must be a foot and a half or at least a foot long The receiver is commonly a vial wherinto the neck of the Retort is fitted and inserted Then the Retort shall be set in an earthen pan filled with ashes or sand and so set into a furnace as you may see by the following figure The figure of a Fornace with his earthen-pan and receiver A. Shews the Fornace B. The earthen-pan or vessel to set the Retort in C. The Retort or Cucurbite D. The Receiver The differences of Gums Of gums some are liquid some solid and of the solid some are more solid then othersome those that are solid are more troublesome to distill then the liquid for they are not so easily dissolved or melted neither do they yeeld so well to the fire so that oft-times they are burnt before they be dissolved whence it is that some for every pound of solid gum add two or three pounds of most clear and liquid oyl of Turpentine Cautions in distilling of Gums Besides liquid things are also hard to be destilled because when as they come to be through hot at the fire they swell up so much that they exceed or run out of the Retort and so fall into the Receiver as they were put into the Retort especially if so be that the fire be too hot at the first Many to shun this inconvenience add to the things put into the Retort some sand as it were to balast it withal How to make oyl of Turpentine Oyl of Rosin and turpentine is thus made take two or three pounds of Turpentine and put it into a Retort of such largeness that three parts thereof might remain empty and for every pound of Turpentine add three or four ounces of sand then place the Retort in an earthen-pan filled with sifted ashes and set it upon the fornace as is fit and to the neck thereof fit and closely lute a Receiver Lastly kindle there-under a soft fire at the first lest the contained materials should run over increase this fire by little and little and take heed that the things become not too hot on a sudden At the first a clear and acid liquor wiâ—l drop out wherein a certain sediment uses to concrete then will flow forth a most dear oyl somewhat resembling the watry and phlegmatick liquor then must the fire be somewhat increased that the third oily clear thin and very golden colored liquor may rise and distil but then also a clearer and more violent fire must be raised that so you may extract an oyl that will be red like a carbuncle and of a consistence indifferently thick Thus therefore you may extract four kindes of liquors our of Turpentine and receive them being different in several Receivers yet I judg it better to receive them all in one that so by distilling them again afterwards you may
was chief of the Army and the Kings Lieutenant Being at S. Denis in France staying while the Companies passed by he sent for me to Paris to come speak with him being there he prayed me and his request was a command that I would follow him this Voyage and I about to make my excuse told him my wife was sick in her bed he made me answer That there were Physicians at Paris for to cure her and that he as well left his own who was as well descended as mine promising me that he would use me well and forthwith gave command that I should be lodged as one of his Train Seeing this great affection which he had to lead me with him I durst not refuse him I went and met with him at the Castle of Compt within three or four leagues of Hedin there where there was the Emperors Souldiers in garrison with a number of Pessants round about he caused them to be summoned to render themselves and they made answer they should never have them but by pieces and let them do their worst and they would do their best to defend themselves They put confidence in their ditches full of water and in two hours with a great number of Bavins and certain empty Casks way was made to pass over the Foot when they must go to the assault and were beaten with five pieces of Cannon till a breach was made large enough to enter in where they within received the assault very valiantly and not without killing and hurting a great number of our people with musket-shot pikes and â—ones In the end when they saw themselves constrained they put fire to their powder and munition which was the cause of burning many of our people and theirs likewise and they were all almost put to the sword History of desperate people Notwithstanding some of our souldiers had taken twenty or thirty hoping to have ransome for them That was known and ordered by the Councel that it should be proclamed by the Trumpet through the Camp that all Souldiers who had any Spaniards prisoners were to kill them upon pain to be hanged and strangled which was done upon cold blood From thence we went and burnt divers Villages whose barns were full of all kinde of Grain to my grief We went along even to Tournahan where there was a very great Tower where the Enemies retired The taking of the Castle of Compt. but there was no man found in it all was pillaged and the tower was made to leap by a Mine and then with Gun-powder turned topsie-turvy After that the Camp was broken up and I returned to Paris I will not yet forget to write that the day after the Castle of Compt was taken Monsieur de Vendosme sent a Gentleman to the King to make report to him of all which had passed and amongst other things told the King that I had greatly done my duty in dressing those that were wounded and that I had shewed him eighteen bullets which I had taken or drawn out of the hurt bodies and that there were divers more which I could neither finde nor draw out and told more good of me then there was by half Then the King said he would have me into his service and commanded Monsieur de Goguier his chief Physician to write me down as entertained one of his Surgeons in ordinary and that I should go meet with him at Rheimes within ten or twelve dayes which I did where he did me the honor to command me that I would dwell near him and that he would do me good Then I thankt him most humbly for the honor it pleased him to do me in calling me to his service The voyage of Mets 1552. THe Emperor having besieged Mets and in the hardest time of winter The names of the Princes who were at the siege of Mets. as each one knows of fresh memory and that there was in the City five or six thousand men and amongst the rest seven Princes that is to say Monsieur the Duke of Guise the Kings Lievtenant Messieurs'd Anguien de Conde de Montpensier deo La Roch upon You Monsieur de Nemours and divers other Gentlemen with a number of old Captains of War who often made sallies forth upon the enemies as we shall speak hereafter which was not without slaying many as well on the one side as the other For the most part all our wounded people died and it was thought the medicaments wherewith they were dressed were poisoned which caused Monsieur de Guise and other Princes to send to the King for me and that he would send me with Drogues to them for they believed theirs were poysoned seeing that of their hurt people few escaped I do not believe there was any poyson but the great stroaks of the Cutlasses musket-shot and the extremity of cold was the cause The King caused one to write to Monsieur the marshal of S. Andrew which was his Lieutenant at Verdun that he found some means to make me enter into Mets. The said Lord Marshal of S. Andrew and monsieur the marshal of old Ville got an Italian Captain Notaâ— who promised them to make me enter in which he did and for which he had fifteen hundred Crowns the King having heard of the promise which the Italian Captain had made sent for me and commanded me to take of his Apothecary named Daigue such and as many Drogues as I should think fit for the hurt who were besieged which I did as much as a post-horse could carry The King gave me charge to speak to Monsieur de Guise and to the Princes and Captains who were at Mets. Being arrived at Verdun a few dayes after the Monsieur the Marshal of S. Andrew Commission of the Author caused horses to be given to me and my man and for the Italian who spake very good high Dutch Spanish and Wallon with his own natural tongue When we were within eight or ten Leagues of Mets we went not but in the night and being near the Camp I saw a league and a half off bright fires about the City which seemed as if all the earth had been on fire and I thought we could never pass through those fires without being discovered and by consequent be hanged and strangled or cut in pieces or pay a great ransome To speak truth I wished my self at Paris for the imminent danger which I fore-saw God guided so well our affairs that we entred the City at midnight with a certain Token which the Captain had with another Captain of the company of Monsieur de Guise which Lord I went to and found him in bed who received me with great thanks being joyful of my comming I did my message to him of all that the King had commanded me to say to him I told him I had a little letter to give to him and that the next day I would not fail to deliver it him That done he commanded me a good lodging
else make them lye for all together Also there was order given to the women to unpave the streets and to cast out at their windows billets tables tresses forms and stools which would have troubled their brains moreover there was a little further a strong Court of Guard filld with carts und pallisados pipes and hogsheads filld with earth for barricados to serve to interlay with faulcons faulconets field-pieâ—es harquibuzes muskets and pistols and wilde-fire which would have brokenlegs and thighs insomuch that they had been beaten in head in flank and in tail and where they had forced this Court of Guard there was others at the crossing of the streets each distant an hundred spaces who had been as bad companions as the first and would not have been without making a great many Widdows and Orphans And if fortune would have been so much against us as to have broken our Courts of Guard there was seven great Bastallions ordered in square and triangle to combate altogether each one accompanied with a Prince to give them boldness and encourage them to fight even till the last gasp and to dye all together Moreover it was resolved that each one should carry his treasure rings and jewels and their houshold-stuff of the best to burn them in the great place and to put them into ashes rather then the enemy should prevail and make Trophies of their spoils likewise there was people appointed to put fire to the munition and to beat out the heads of the Wine-casks others to put the fire in each house to burn our enemies and us together the Citizens had accorded it thus rather then to see the bloody knife upon their throat and their Wives and Daughters violated and to be taken by force by the cruel inhumane Spaniards Now we had certain prisoners which Monsieur de Guise sent away upon their faith to whom was secretly imparted our last resolution will and desperate mindes who being arrived in their Camp do not defer the publishing which bridled the great impetuosity and will of the souldiers to enter any more into the City to cut our throats and to enrich themselves of our pillages The Emperor having understood this deliberation of the great Warriour the Duke of Guise put water in his wine and restrained his great choler and fury saying He could not enter into the City without making a great slaughter and butchery and spill much blood as well of the defendants as of the assaylants and that they should be dead together and in the end could have nothing else but a few ashes and that afterward it might be spoken of that as of the destruction of Jerusalem already made by Titus and Vespatian The Emperor then having understood our last resolution and seeing their little prevailing by their battery and undermining and the great plague which was in his whole army and the indisposition of the time and the want of victuals and mony and that his souldiers forsook him and went away in great companies concluded in the end to retire themselves accompanied with the Cavallery of his Vantguard with the greatest part of his Artillery and the Battalia The Marquess of Brandeburg was the last which uncampt maintained by certain bands of Spaniards Bohemians and his German companies and there remained one day and a half after to the great grief of Monsieur de Guise who caused four pieces of Artillery to be brought out of the City which he caused to be discharged at him on one side and the other to hasten them to be gon which he did full quickly with all his Troops He being a quarter of a league from Mets was taken with a fear lest our Cavallery should fall upon him in the Rere which caused him to put fire to his munition-powder and leave certain pieces of Artillery and much baggage which he could not carry because the Vantguard and the Battalia and great Cannons had too much broken the way Our hors-men would by all means have gone out of the city to have falln upon their breech But Monsieur de Guise would never permit them but on the contrary we should rather make plain their way and make them bridges of gold and silver and let them go being like to a good shepherd who will not lose one of his sheep See now how our well-beloved Imperialists went away from before the City of Mets which was the day after Christmas day to the great contentment of the besieged and honor of Princes Captains and Souldiers who had endured the travels of this siege the space of two moneths Notwithstanding they did not all go there wanted twenty thousand who were dead as well by Artillery as by the sword as also by the plague cold and hunger and for spite they could not enter into the City to cut our throats and have the pillage and also a great number of their horses died of which they had eaten a great part in stead of Beef and Bacon They went where they had been encamped where they found divers dead-bodies not yet buried and earth all digged like S. Innocents Church-yard in the time of the Plague They did likewise leave in their lodgings pavillions and tents divers sick people also bullets arms carts wagons and other baggage with a great many of munition loaves spoiled and rotten by the rain and snow yet the souldiers had it but by weight and measure and likewise they left great provision of wood of the remainders of the houses of the Villages which they had pluckt down two or three miles compass likewise divers other houses of pleasure belonging to the Citizens accompanied with fair gardens and grass-plats fild with fruit-trees for without that they had been starved with cold and had been constrained to have raised the siege sooner The said Monsieur de Guise caused the dead to be buried and dress their sick people likewise the enemies left in the Abby of S. Arnoul divers of their hurt souldiers which they could not lead with them the Said Monsieur de Guise sent them all victuals enough and commanded me and other Surgeons to go dress them and give them medicines which we willingly did and think they would not have done the like toward others because the Spaniard is most cruel perfidious and inhumane and therefore enemy to all Nations which is proved by Lopez a Spaniard and Benzo of Milan and others who have written the history of America and the West Indies who have been constrained to confess that the cruelty avarice blasphemy and wickedness of the Spaniards have altogether alienated the poor Indians from the Religion which the said Spaniards are said to hold And all write they are less worth then the Idolatrous Indians by the cruel usage done to the said Indians And after a few dayes we sent a Trumpet to Thionville toward the enemy that they should send back for their wounded men in safety which they did with Carts and Waggons but not enough Monsieur de Guise caused
because it burned divers poor souldiers it also took hold on the house it self and we had been all burned had not great help been used for to quench it there was but one Well there wherein was water in our Casile which was almost quite dried up and in stead of water we took beer and quenched it then afterwards we had great scarcity of water and to drink the rest that remained which we must strain through napkins Now the enemy seeing this smoak and tempest of the fire-works which cast a very great flame and clashing noiâ—e they beleived we had put the fire on purpose for the defence of our breach to burn them and that we had great store of others That made them to be of another opinion then to take us by assault they did undermine and dig under the greatest part of ouâ— walls so that it was the way to overthrow wholly the Castle topsie-turvy and when the mines were finisht and that their artillery shot the whole Castle did shake under us like an earth-quake which did much astonish us Moreover he had levelled five pieces of Artilery which they had seated upon a little hill to play upon our backs when we would go to defend the breâ—ch The Duke Horace had a Cannon shot upon one shoulder which carryed away his arm on one side and the body on the other without being able to speak one only word His death was to us a great disaster for the rank which he held in his place Likewise Monsieur de Martignes had a â—â—oke with a bullet which pierct through his Lungs I drest him as I will declare hereafter Then we demanded Parl and a trumpet was sent toward the Prince of Piedmont to know what composition it pleased him to make us His answer was that all the chieâ— as Gentlemen Captains Lieutenants and Ensigns should be taken for ransom and the Souldiers should go out without Arms and if they refused this fair and honest proffer the next day we ought to be assured they would have us by assault or otherwise Counsel was held where I was called to know if I would sign as divers Captains Gentlemen and others that the place should be rendred up I made answer it was not possible to be held and that I would sign it with my proper blood for the little hope that I had that we could resâ—st the enemies force and also for the great desire which I had to be out of this torment and hell for I slep not either night or day by reason of the great number of hurt people which were about two hundred The dead bodies yeelded a great putrefaction being heaped one upon another like fagots and not being covered with earth because we had it not and when I entred into one lodging Souldiers attended me at the door to go and dress others at another when I went forth there was striving who should have me and they carryed me like a holy body not touching the ground with my foot in spite one of another nor could I satisfie so great a number of hurt people Moreover I had not what was necessary to dress them withal for it is not sufficient that the Surgeon do his duty towards the Patients but the Patient must also do his and the assistants and all exterior things witness Hippocrates in his first Aporism Now having understood the resolution of the yeelding up of our place I knew our affairs wâ—nt not well and for fear of being known I gave a velvet coat a Satin doublet a very fine cloth-cloak lind with velvet to a souldier who gave me a scurvy old torn doâ—blet cut and slâ—sht with using and a leather jerkin well examined and an ill-favored hat and a little cloak I smucht the collar of my shirt with water in which I had mingled a lâ—ttle foot likewise I wore out my stockings with a stone at the knees and at the heels as if they had been wore a long time and I did as much to my shoos insomuch that they would rather take me â—or a Chimny-sweeper then a Kings Suâ—geon I went in this Equipage towards Monsieur de Martigues where I prayed him that he would take order that I might remain near him to dress him which he agreed to most willingly and had as much desire I should remain with him as my self Soon after the Commissioners who had charge to elect the prisoners entred into the castle the seventeenth day of July one thousand five hundred fifty three where they made Messieures the Duke of Bouillion the Marquess of Villars the Baron of Culan Monsieur du Pont Commissary of the Artillery and Monsieur de Martigues and I to be taken through the request that he made to them and all other Gentlemen which they could perceive were able to pay any ransom and the most part of the Souldiers and the chief of Companies having such and so many prisoners as they would Afterward the Spanish Souldiers entered by the breach without any resistance for ours esteemed they would hold their faith and composition that they should have their lives saved They entred in with a great fury to kill pillage and to rifle all they retained some hoping to have ransom they tied their stones with Arquebus-cords which was cast over a pike which two held upon their shoulders then pulled the said cord with a great violence and deriâ—â—on as if they would ring a bell telling them that they must put themselves to the ransom and tell of what houses they were and if they saw they could have no profit made them cruelly dye between their hands or presently after their genital parts would have faln into a gangrene and total mortification but they kild them all with their daggers and cut their throats See now their great cruelty and perfideousness let him trust to it that will Now to return to my purpose being led from the Castle to the City with Monsieur de Martigues there was a Gentleman of the Duke of Savoyes who asked me if Monsieur de Martigues wound were curable I answered not who presently went and told the Duke of Savoy now I thought he would send Physicians and Surgeons to visit and dress my said Monsieur de Martigues in the mean time I thought with my self whether I ought to make it nice and not to acknowledg my self a Surgeon for fear lest they should retain me to dress their wounded and in the end they would know I was the Kings Surgeon and that they would make me pay a great ransom On the other side I feared if I should not make my self known to be a Surgeon and to have carefully dressed Monsieur de Martigues they would cut my throat so that I took a resolution to make it appear to them he would not dye for want of good dressing and looking to Soon after see there were divers Gentlemen accompanied with the Physician and Surgeon of the Emperor and those of the said Duke of