purging Hydragogues 2. Diuretick Hydragogues but Catharticks do not always cure an Ascites yea often-times exasperate it and if they be long continued render it incurable hence it is necessary to have recourse to other Remedyes for the Cure of this disease Wherefore let us next enquire whether Diureticks do here profit or not And truly any one may easily think that Remedies moving Urine conduce very much for draining waters out of every place or cavity of the body In truth it is manifest by frequent experience these do often cure an Anasarca before any other Remedy let us see what they may effect for the emptying the Cavity of the Abdomen As to this it first appears What Profit they bring in an Ascites that there is no passage immediately open from an Ascitick pool to the Reins although contiguous but that whatsoever waters are transferred from hence thither must of necessity first be drunk up into the mass of blood and from thence be poured out of its bosom into the sink of Urine and truly it is but a little which the gaping little mouths of the veins about the superficies of the bowels can receive if perhaps they are open at all and Diureticks can but effect this one thing that by pouring forth the blood and forcing its serosities more plentifully to the Kidnies they cause the waters fluctuating in the belly to be allured to it being so emptyed in the mean time there is no less danger lest Diureticks being unseasonably administred while they dissolve the blood too much they constrain the serum to depart into the seat of the Ascites more than into the Reins and so rather augment than remove the inundation of the belly For that it sometimes so happens I have often found by experience wherefore when Diureticks are prescurbed to cure an Ascites we must chielfy provide against such a contrary effect For this reason indeed Astringents and Corroboratives are always mixt in Remedies for the Dropsie founded on experience and the Authority and Practice of the Ancients not that such as is commonly said do confirm the Tone of the Liver but conserve the temperature and mixture of the blood lest it be wholly dissolved by too great a fusion Wherefore in an Ascites which chiefly or in part happens by reason of the frame of the bowels and vessels and chiefly the Coats Glandules and their little strings and their interspaces being stuffed by a serous humour and therefore very much swell'd up as Catharticks so also Diureticks profit and are frequently taken with success forasmuch as by the use of these the masse of blood being emptyed the serum being more plentifully derived to the kidneys doth easily reveive unto it self those waters every where stagnating about their little mouths and conveys it towards the urinary sink but on the contrary in a meer Ascites where the heap of waters do overflow the Cavity of the Belly the Textures of the bowels being free from the serous stuffing Diureticks are given in vain or incommodiously inasmuch as they express nothing from this Lake of the belly and most frequently by dissolving the blood more impetuously drive together the waters apt to be instill'd there Not all Diureticks of every kinde are equally convenient in an Ascites With what choice and difference they ought to be administred neither ought they indifferently to be administred for we must observe the affected in this disease for the most part make a little reddish Urine and as it were lixivial which truly is an indication that the temperature of he blood is too much bound in them by reason of the fixt and sulphureous Salt exalted and combined together and therefore that the Serum is not duely separated within the reins which notwithstanding is shook off about the windings of the obstructed bowels and so is depisited in the Cavity of the Belly Wherefore in this Case it will be convenient to drink only those things to excite Urine which so restore and amend the Constitution of the blood that the enormities of the fixed Salt and Sulphur being taken away the serous part might be separated within the reins and more plentifully discharged for which purpose not acid or lixivial things but those endowed with a volatile Salt are appointed For I have often observed in Patients of that kind when the Spirit of Salt and other acid drops of Minerals and when the dissolutions and Deliquiums of Salt of Tartar Broom and other things have done more hurt than good that the Juice of Plantane Brooklime and other Herbs abounding with a volatile Salt have much helped as also the expressions of Millepedes for the same reason Salt of Nitre throughly purified or Crystal Mineral doth often profit Forms of Medicines more accommodate for this use are extant in our former Treatise where viz. examples of Diureticks are described in which both volatile and nitrous Salts are the Basis Moreover hither ought to be referred the notable experiment by which Joannes Anglus affirms himself often to have cured the Ascites from a hot cause John English his Empyrical remedy which Medicine also that expert Physitian Dr. Theodore Mayern was wont to magnifie and prescribe in the like case Take of the juice of Plantane and Liverwort and fill an Earthen pot to the top which being stopt close put in a hot Oven after the Bread is drawn and make a little fire on the sides of the pot to continue the heat of the Oven after it is so boyl'd strain it and being sweetened with Sugar drink of it Morning and Evening and it cures In imitation of this I have often with success prescribed as followeth Take of green Plantane-leaves four handfuls Liverwort Brooklime of each two handfuls bruise them together and pour upon them half a pound of small compound radish-Radish-water or other appropriate Aagistral express it strongly the dose three ounces three times in a day Although Diaphoreticks are most efficacious in an Anasarca How beneficial Diaphoreticks are in an Ascites yet in an Ascites they are rarely or not at all used for being unseasonably offered they impress oft-times great hurt on the Patient without any avail forasmuch indeed as by heating the blood they cause the fluctuating waters to grow hot and as it were to boyl in the hollowness of the belly so that the spirits and humours are disturbed by vapours raised from thence and so a disorder of all the functions follows and the very bowels being as it were boyled are much prejuciced Moreover from sweating unadvisedly instituted the blood being forced into a fusion and precipitation of the Serum throws it off the more into the nest of the Ascites Wherefore when some prescribe fomentations and liniments adn bathing to be applyed to the swelling Paunch of the Belly for the most part it turns to the worse in such Patients for besides a little Feaver a Vertigoe fainting of the spirits and other ill symptomes of the brain and heart being most
of such kind of particles which being mild and thin may be tamed by the blood and assimilated without any effervescence or heat Wherefore Asses milk also sometimes Cows or Goats milk also Water-gruel Cream of Barley Ptisan Almond-milks and other simple nourishments will better agree and nourish more than Flesh Eggs and Gelly-broaths strong Ale Wine or any other kind of richer fare Secondly 2. That the acidities of the blood and other humours be taken away that the blood retaining its own temperament be not easily dissolved into serosities injurious to the Lungs it behoves that as well the acidities of it self as of other humors mixt therewith and chiefly the nervous and limpid ones be destroyed which intention Medicines prepared with Brimstone will best accomplish which for that cause in this case provided a hectic Feaver be not present may be more frequently and in abundance taken Wherefore the Tincture the Balsam the Syrup the Flowers and Milk of Sulphur in somewhat a large Dose may be exhibited twice or thrice a day For the same reason traumatic or vulnerary Decoctions also Decoctions of the pectoral Herbs commonly so called also of the Woods are to be taken instead of ordinary drink Moreover the Powder of Crabs eyes Hog-lice and other things endued with an Alcali or volatile Salt are often administred with great success 3. That the excrements of the blood be drawn off from the Lungs The third intention of healing respecting the first indication viz. that the superfluous dregs of the depraved blood if they shall be very much predominant being commanded out from the Lungs may be discharged by other Emunctories suggests very many ways to be used for their dispatch For besides Phlebotomy Diuresie and sometimes a gentle Purgation which take place in all Coughs yea in the beginning of a consumptive Cough or Phthisis hither also ought to be referred Baths taking in a more warm air whereby they may more freely transpire also Frictions of the extreme parts Dropaces Issues Blisterings or Depilatories Errhines Gargles and other private or public sluices either of humors or vapors The second indication in the beginning of a Phthisis viz. that the consumptive matter laid aside within the Lungs may be easily and daily evacuated Second indication requires expectorating Medicines is performed by expectorating Medicines These are said to operate after a twofold matter according to which their virtue is conveyed two ways to the Lungs For of those being taken by the mouth some immediately dismiss their active particles into the Trachea which partly by making the way slippery and loosning the matter impacted and partly by provoking the excretory Fibres into Convulsions do procure expectoration in which number are chiefly accounted Linctus's and Fumigations The expectorating Remedies of another kind which deservedly are accounted more available do exercise their energie by the passage of the blood For whereas they consist of such kind of particles which cannot be digested and assimilated by the mass of blood being spread through the blood because they cannot be mixt with it they are presently again exterminated and so penetrate from the pneumonic Arteries into the tracheal passages where lighting on the matter they divide and attenuate and so disturb it that the little fibres being irritated from thence and successively contracted while they cough the contents of the Trachea and of its little bladders are ejected upwards into the mouth Medicines proper for this use besides Sulphur and the preparations of it are artificial Balsams distilled with Oil of Turpentine Tinctures and Syrups of Gum Ammoniac Galbanum Asa foetida Garlick Leeks and such like yielding a strong scent from which also Lohochs and Eclegma's are prepared And these work both ways partly by slipping into the Trachea and partly by entring the Lungs by the circulation of the blood and assault the morbific matter both before and behind and so exclude it with the greater force 3. What belongs to the third indication viz. that the frame of the Lungs being hurt or their constitution vitiated may be either restored or amended Third indication is performed by Balsamicks and vulneraries such things are of use as resisting putrefaction do cleanse heal dry and strengthen to which intent also Remedies prepared of Sulphur Balsamics and Vulneraries do agree Hence some Empirics do not only successfully prescribe the smoak of Sulphur vivum but also of Auripigmentum to be suckt through a Pipe or Funnel into the Lungs Moreover it is for this reason that change of air and soil viz. from Cities to the Country or sulphureous air or the passage from one Region into another that is hotter is of such a signal advantage Hitherto of the Method of Healing which seems to be of use against the more painful Cough or Phthisis beginning now it remains according to all those curatory indications to subjoin certain select forms of Medicines which also according to the way of healing described above in a slight Cough which is short of a Phthisis Forms of remedies for a consumption we shall distinguish into certain ranks viz. which are Mixtures Linctus's Lohochs Tinctures Balsams Troches Lozenges Powders Pills Decoctions and distilled Waters We shall set down some Examples of each of these whereto also may be referred some of the forms of Medicines before described for a beginning Cough and not as yet consumptive 1. Magisterial Medicines and Syrups Take of our Syrup of Sulphur three ounces Mixtures water of Earth-worms an ounce tincture of Saffron two drams mingle them Take one spoonful at night and first in the morning Take of Syrup of the juyce of Ground-Ivy three ounces Snail-water an ounce flour of Brimstone a dram mix them by shaking The Dose one spoonful at night and morning Take of tincture of Sulphur two drams Laudanum tartarizated a dram Syrup of the juice of Ground-ivy two ounces Cinamon-water two drams the dose one spoonful at bed-time and if sleep be wanting towards morning Syrupus Diasulphuris Take of Sulphur prepared after our manner half an ounce Syrups best Canary wine two pints let them be digested 28 hours in a water or sand Bath which being done take of the finest Sugar two pounds dissolved in Elder-flower-water and boil to a height to make tablets afterwards pour to it by little and little Wine coloured with Sulphur and warm let it boil a little on the fire strain it through woolen You will have a most delicate Syrup of a gold colour and for coughs and other distempers of the lungs where a hectic Feaver and heat of the Praecordium is absent most profitable the dose a spoonful morning and evening by it self or with other Pectorals Syrup of Garlick Take ten or twelve cloves of Garlick stript from the little skins and cut into slices Aniseeds bruised half an ounce Elicampane sliced three drams Liquorish two drams let them digest for two or three days in a pint and half of spirit of Wine close and
in the underlying waters they sometimes imbibe them being turn'd into vapour and so dispatch them to the blood or continually exhale them with aire coming out at the mouth That an effect of this sort may more easily happen to cure this disease medicinal aids are taken For that intention therefore the passages of blood aire and humours ought to be emptyed as much as may be and to be kept so empty For this purpose Purges Diureticks and more mild Diaphoreticks are methodically and alternately exhibited also remedies for the breast and expectorating challenge here their place let the Diet be slender and warming and a government appointed as to all other things of that nature that the blood may be made to exhale the more and all the superfluous humours to evaporate I think good to annex some forms of Medicines accommodated to these uses Take of Chervil-roots Knee-holme Polypodie of the Oak of each an ounce Agrimony A Purging Hydromel white Maidenhaire Oak of Jerusalem Ground Ivy of each one handful Carthamus-seeds one ounce Florence Orris half an ounce seeds of Danewort 5 drams Calamus Aromaticus half an ounce boyl them in four pound of Spring-water to the consumption of a third part adde to it being strained Senna one ounce and a half Agarick tow drams Mechoacan and Turbith of each half an ounce yellow Sanders a dram and a half Galangal the less one dram boyl them two hours gently and close covered afterwards strain it and adde of Honey two ounces clarifie it with the white of an Egge make a purging Hydromel The Dose is from six ounces to eight in the morning twice or thrice in a week Or Take Mercurius Dulcis one scruple Resine of Jallap half a scruple Balsam of Peruwhat suffices to make four Pills to be taken in the morning and to be repeated within five or six dayes Take Tincture of Sulphur three drams take from seven drops to ten Tinctures at night and in the morning in a spoonfull of the following mixture drinking after it three spoonfulls Take of the water of Snails Earth worms and compound rhadish water Julep of each four ounces water of Elder-berries fermented one pound Syrup of Juice of Ground-Ivy two ounces mix them for a Julep Or Take of Tincture of Ammoniacum or Galbanum take twenty drops evening and morning in the same mixture Or Take of Hog-lice prepared two drams flower of Sulphur two scruples Pills flower of Benzoin one scruple powder of wild Carrot and Burdock-seeds of each half a dram Turpentine of Venice enough to make a mass Make small Pills Take four evening and morning drinking after them a small draught of the Julep At Nine a Clock in the Morning and Five in the Afternoon A Lime-water let him take four onces of the Compound Lime-water by it self or with any other proper remedy For ordinary drink take the following Bochete Take Sarsaperilla six ounces China two ounces white and yellow Sanders A Bochet of each six drams shavings of Ivory and Hartshorn of each three drams Calamus Aromaticus half an ounce Raisins half a pound Liquorish three drams boyl and infuse them in twelve pound of Spring-water to six pound strain it Formerly about twenty five years since when I resided at Oxford A History of a Patient I was sent for to a young Scholar who suffered for three weeks space under a pain of the Thorax and a most grievous Dyspnoea constantly troubling him in the evening moreover from a more quick motion of body or going more hastily than usually up any steep place he laboured extreamly he could not ly down long on either side but was necessitated to lye in his bed supone and his head erect if perhaps he attempted to lye on either side immediately pain followed that position of body and if perhaps he roll'd himself from one side to another the pain being also presently translated he felt as it were water to wave from place to place Hence I had a just suspicion of a Dropsie of the Breast whereof that I might be more assured I order'd that lying upon his back on his bed he would suffer his head to bend backward from the bed-side to the floor immediately he had a plain perception of water running towards the Clavicles together with a change of the pain thither Moreover if at any time he grew more hot than usual from motion or in his bed or by the fire he presently felt sensibly in his breast as it were water boyling over the fire and also complained of a Vertigo and a small decay of Spirits Wherefore when we might lawfully collect out of these things rightly considered that he was affected with a dropsie of the breast I prescribed the following method and medicines with success Take of Mercurius Dulcis fifteen grains The Cure of him Resine of Jallap half a scruple Syrup of Roses solutive what suffices make three Pills He took them early in the morning and had twelve stools with great ease afterwards on the third day by the same Medicine he had but four but with greater benefit he took afterwards for many dayes six ounces of the Pectoral and Diuretick Apozeme twice in a day and lastly repeating the Purge he perfectly recovered SECT II. Of Splanchnick remedies or those which respect the bowels of the lower Belly CHAP. I. Of the Jaundies and the remedies thereof and the manner and reason of their operations HItherto we have largely enough unfolded the Pathologie and curatory method of the Thorax now it follows next to finish our task in like manner about the lower Belly But we have in our former tract for the most part described already the medicines belonging to this region and the manner and reasons of their working together with the Anatomy of the Stomach and Intestines we have treated of remedies stomachical dysenterical and others belonging to the intestines as also diureticks together with the reasons of them Moreover we have sussicently elsewhere handled the aetioligie of Hypochondriack and Hysterical remedies What therefore remains of Hepatical distempers as well proper as of those vulgarly ascrib'd thereunto and of their remedies we will discourse in this Section notwithstanding in each of these we will bestow more labour about the curatory than pathological part The chief diseases by which the Liver and the appendix thereof Diseases of the Liver are wont to be incumbred are the Jaundies and a Tumour and under this latter many other affects viz. obstruction inflammation induration and schirrus are numbred to all which are vulgarly appointed remedies commonly called Hepaticks and which make up a great part of the Dispensatory The Jaundies is either a disease by it self primarily beginning which is here properly treated of or it is an effect or product of another disease as when it arises upon an intermitting Feaver which oftentimes it puts an end to of which also we will presently treat by the by An Icterical distemper
administer both a Dropace and Vesicatory Also by applying still the same Plaister the Scarf-skin being blister'd and taken off and the place being red and ulcerated and only wiping it once or twice in a day and putting it on again they cause the little Ulcer raised by the Vesicatory to flow at pleasure yea sometimes above a month and to throw off a plentiful Ichor Others inclose Cantharides bruised and sprinkled with Vinegar in Silk and apply to the place Some Empiricks use in the room of Cantharides a mass of the leaves of Crow-foot or flamula Jovis bruised on the place by which the Scarf-skin being blistered or rather eaten the skin it self as if toucht with an actual fire is much inflam'd and deeply ulcerated whence not only a profusion of Ichor but an inflammation of the whole member and a feaverish disposition sometimes follow wherefore these things are not to be used rashly 2. 2. How they operate If it be enquired of the manner and reason how these and other Vesicatories operate in the first place we ought to shew by what manner actual Fires and things endued with particles proceeding from Fire do raise a blister then by an easie Analogy the force and manner of working of those sorts of remedies will be known which are reported to be endowed with a potential fire Wherefore we observe of the former that the fiery particles not being too vehemently applyed penetrating the Scarf-skin without dissolution of unity enter under the skin it self Shewed by the example of Fire where the extremities of the vessels bringing blood of the Nerves and of the nervons Fibres are terminated and there do variously twist together these altering them from their position and pervert the structure of the whole texture of the skin insomuch that from all the vessels being made angry in a high degree the watery humour being imbued with igneous particles and therefore rejected as well by the blood as by the nervous Juice is spued out in great abundance This Lympha because it cannot pass through the Scarf-skin separates it from the skin and raises it into a bladdery bulk from which at length being broke of its own accord or occasionally it flows out Moreover as long as the igneous particles adhere to the skin and the mouths of the Vessels being covered with an Eschar are not closed up these being continually twitched by them do continue to spue out the Ichor This kind of ichorous flux will the sooner cease if immediately upon the hurt inflicted the fiery particles be drawn out by the application of some proper Antipyretick as Fire it self Nitre Soap Onions and the like Moreover it runs the longer if omitting an Antipyretick medicines hindering the generation of a Cicatrice or of the outer-skin and unlocking the mouths of the vessels be worn upon the place affected By these it is easie to understand by what manner Vesicatories perform their operation How Cantharides excite Blisters and draw forth water viz. Cantharides as likewise any other of the same vertue being outwardly applyed and being heated by Effluvia's of the parts subjected and so being provok'd to exert their power do plentifully dispatch sharp and as it were fiery particles from themselves which penetrating the Scarf-skin without any tearing it they are dashed against the Cutis or other skin where first they act upon the Spirits and then by the affecting these upon the Humours and solid parts They very much provoke the Spirits and drive them into painful Convulsions of the fibres dissolve the Humours and constrain them to separate into parts so that the watery part being very much embued with those sharp and as it were venemous particles is rejected every where by the other Juice and when in the mean time the ends of the Vessels and Fibres are either eaten by the burning or opened by twitching and as it were drained that Ichor conveying the hurtful particles is plentifully spued out of their little mouths which then separateds the impervious Cuticula or the Scarf-skin from the other skin or Cutis is self and raises it into a little bladder and after this being beoken and taken away it is for some time poured out by the ulcerated shin as we shewed it to come to pass by reason of the particles of fire But this is not only done because the serous Juice imbibing the sharp parts of the Medicine and conveying them out doth not always bear them all back the same way by which they entred but sometimes this being endued with these stings regurgitates into the mass of Bloodl and afterwards being circulated with it and ejected with its infestous burden through other Emunctories Why they bring a fervent Dysurie offends some weak or tenderer Channels in its passage or going forth from whence very many contract a Strangury from great or many Vesicatories by reason of the urinary passages being affected for that cause with Acrimony or Erosion which in some becomes most sharp and intolerable Also that application sometimes brings bloody Urines to others afflicted with the Stone hence a suspicion also arises that those who have tender Lungs or who are subject to a Consumption are much endagered by this Medicine outwardly applyed which notwithstanding I have not known happen to any but can reather attest by frequent experience on the other side that it redounds to advantage rather than hurt For the more sharp particles of Cantharides if they be long applyed being sometimes imbibed more plentifully by the blood infect its whole Serum which Juice so sharpened as long as it is confounded with the Balsamick blood hurts no part but being separated from it by the Kidneys it sometimes brings hurt to them and frequently not only twitches the neck of the Bladder by its Acrimony but sometimes corroding it causes filth and little skins nay and blood to come away but in the mass of blood the same more sharp saline-volatile particles do often most notably help inasmuch as they destroy the fixt or acid Salts in it and unlock the consistence of the blood too much bound up and so do cause the serous and other morbific recrements before wrapt up with it to be separated from it and to be more easily dispatched by Urine and Sweat Vesicatories move Sweat and Vrine hence Vesicatories being applyed long in Feavers do call forth plentifull Urine and a more easie Sweat Also they open the obstructed wayes and move together the portions of Blood or Serum stagnating or being extravasated in any place and restore them to their Circulation Wherefore they are not used only to help in serous maladies but also in those of the blood yea in a Pleurisie Peripneumonia and in any other Feavers Having hitherto shewed after what manner Vesicatories operate first on the Spirits and then on the Humours and solid parts it is now our business in the next place to shew both the good and evil effectgs of them as also the manners of
This excrescency is easily enough cured by sprinkling thereon Escharotick powders of burnt Alum Colcothar or Mercury precipitate for remedies of this kind do eat away the flesh so luxuriating by their acrimony as well as stiptickness repel the nutritious humour The reason thereof delivered and lock up the mouths of the Vessels As often as that superfluous flesh encreases about the sides of the Issue it is a sign that the nutritious humour flows thither more plentifully than the excrementitious and for that cause in Patients so affected that vent proves not always so benign Wherefore under pretext of this reason many are averse to that remedy though surely it is harmless to most although not alike usefull and advantageous to all We have before considered the chief disadvantages thereof as likewise the scandals objected thereunto yet there remains another thing according to the opinion or rather error of the Vulgar a notable objection against Issues which we will here discuss for a Conclusion With many in England a contumacious opinion is grown up I know not whether it be so in other Countreys That one or more Fontinels dispose to barrenness The common error is that Issues dispose to barrenness Wherefore this kind of remedy however otherwise conducible to health is scrupulously forbidden to all marryed Women that desire Children of which Prohibition there is no reason as yet made out but only Stories related of certain Women that have been barren having Issues when it were as easie to enumerate more barren women without Issues and many others that have been fruitfull with them and truly I use to retort whenas there is no need of any other refuting this as a chief Argument against that opinion SECT III. CHAP. V. Of the Diseases of the Skin and of their Remedies AFter Attractive Remedies of the Cuticula and Skin namely Issues and blistering Medicines delivered before by a certain Law of Method we are induced to handle Diseases of those parts and other kinds of Remedies of divers sorts the true Aetiology of which will afford matter of most pleasant as well as profitable speculation As for the fabrick and uses of those parts A Description of the Cuticula it needs not that I should here repeat all things already accurately described and well known in Books of Anatomy It may suffice us to note concerning the Cuticula that this outward skin is thin and dense without blood and without sense as destitute of Vessels and Fibres which cleaving to the inward skin coners and defends it from outward injuries This is every where full of pores into whose orifices the Vessels discharging sweat do open which Malpighius viewing more accurately with a Microscope a little before their gaping or opening affirms to be endued with little Valves for the retaining or free breating forth of sweat but I consess they lye hid to me The Cuticula being taken away by Fire or Phaenigmons the skin appears naked Of the Skin and looks red by reason of the sanguiferous vessels But this is a thicker membrane as to its greatest parts formed of filaments of Vessels bringing blood of Nerves and of nervous Fibres variously interwoven and complicated among themselves among which numerous Glandules and Lymphaducts or Vessels discharging Sweat and Vapours are thickly interposed The substance hereof is related to be double by most Anatomists the outer is nervous the inner fleshy or rather glandulous for an example of which the Rind of an Orange is brought If the skin be viewed naked by a Microscope by the renowned Malpighius's observations The pyramidal Papillae the Organ of feeling First there presents it self a body in form of a Net in whose thick holes are contained not only passages of Sweat but also very many Teats in form of a Pyramid rising out of the skin in parallel ranks and passing into the Cuticula where being stretcht out in length they are divided as it were into many little Fibres which the same Author hath determin'd to be the sense of touching Besides these the substance of the skin contains very many Glandules by which means the Lympha or watery matter is carryed by the Lymphaducts or excretory Vessels out of the Arteries to the Pores The Pores and Glandules of the Skin For indeed the most accurate Stenon hath observed that its Glandules lye under every pore which become either greater or lesser according to the use of sweating the sweat or vapours continually streaming out of these by the excretory vessels avoiding the excrements do moisten the nervous Teats in their passages lest perchance they should grow dry As to the pores or passages of Sweat The Pores twofold greater and lesser they are discovered by a Microscope to be of two kinds viz. The greater in most of which the roots of the hairs are implanted and by interspaces on both sides of each wrinkle of the skin are disposed in a parallel rank Or secondly they are the lesser Pores which being numberless do fill up all the spaces between the former in most thick Punctums or pricks For indeed the whole skin with its wrinkles appears like a Field furrowed by a Plow and after wards harrowed with the ranks turned or rather oblique so that its ground being eminent above the surrows of either kind there remain in its plain Figures very much of a Rhomboidal or a Diamond-fashion The wrinkles and furrows of the Skin and accordingly as those furrows with their banks or flattes are either shorter and less or deeper and greater the texture of the skin appears either delicate and thin or thick and course This kind of Constitution although it be most owing to ones birth and to the primogenial growing together of the humours is however manifoldly altered by reason of the various accidents of the ensuing life A more gross Diet difficult labour injury of Air From whence the Roughness or Fineness of the skin and chiefly excess either of heat or cold render a skin more rough also contrariwise a nice and delicate education renders its tone more fine and soft That the skin may become more neat smoothe and equal it avails much that all its pores be filled with a benign mild and unctuous humour for so whilest all its pores become full Depends much on the Humours filling the pores and extended the level of the whole skin appears more smooth Notwithstanding if a vicious humour furnish those pores or the benign humour that was in them be too much exhausted for that cause the skin will become rough and full of wrinkles Wherefore if any endowed with a most soft and even skin shall wet their hands in a Soap Lather Lie or Lime-water or also for some time in warm Blood presently the furrows and wrinkles will grow greater and deeper the saline humour being drawn out by the other Salts out of the pores wherefore more delicate women scrupulously decline washing with Soap or any other things that