Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	little_a	pound_n	put_v	2,353	4	5.6342	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10819	The compleat cannoniere: or, The gunners guide Wherein are set forth exactly the chiefe grounds and principals of the whole art, in a very briefe and compendious forme, never by any set forth in the like nature before. With divers excellent conclusions, both arithmeticall and geometricall belonging thereunto: as also sundry serviceable fireworkes, both for sea and land service. A study delightfull and very usefull for men of the best quality, and imbrac'd by the greatest princes. Written by Iohn Roberts of Weston neere Bathe, Gentleman, practitioner and professor in the arte thereof.	Roberts, John, of Weston.	1639 (1639)	STC 21092; ESTC S115980	33,830	71

prepare for it I Would first lay the Peece precisely to the marke in the the day then with a chalke line dipt in Gum-water I would strike a right line on the upper part of the metall from the breech to the muzle upon which I would apply a good Magneticall needle or flye with a chart exactly divided and note the intersection then from the end of the line that was mark't or stricken upon the mettall I let fall plumbe lines upon the platforme and at the places where they touch I knocke in at each a small nayle Lastly with a Quadrant I observe the elevation of the concave or else with some staffe take the perpendicular height of some marke made in the mettall as well at the breech as at the muzle above the said two nayles and so you may againe lay the peece thereby alwayes to have the selfe-same position and so shoote as certaine at the marke by night as by day To make a goodshot at an Enemies light in a darke Night not having any Candle or other light by I Would light two peeces of match the one as much longer as the other as the quantity of the dispart of the peece and set the longer upon the upper part of the Muzle-ring and the shorter upon the base ring still traversing and quoyning the peece untill I have brought the light of the Enemies and the lights of the two matches all three into one line and so give sire To order a Peece to make a goodshot at a moveable Marke as at a ship under sayle Boate rowing or Horsman riding TAke a peece that will reach the Marke in a streight line then observe how the Marke moveth Next note the winde if it blowes much whether side-wayes with or against you and accordingly take advantage Then with the dispart considered observe some cloud or marke or point of land that lyeth in the course of his motion and when according to the swiftnesse thereof he is come so neare it as I guesse the shot and hee may meete at the Marke I give fire wherein remember this secret of Nature that any Peece will shoote farther from Sea to Land-ward than from Land to Sea-ward To shoote at a Squadron of men and what Peece to choose ACcording to the distance I would choose a Peece that in a streight line can reach the marke be it with Demi-culvering Saker or Faulcon and plant my peece if I could paralell to the Champion plaine that the shot may range to shoote at girdle-height unlesse the ground be stony for then would I place my shot short of them that grazing amongst the stones the stones may spoile them more than the shot of it selfe can doe by much but in no case would I shoote wide or over them for that were both losse and foule shame for the Gunner To shoote farther than ordinary in one and the selfe-same Peece with like quantity of pouder and shot I Will gently put home the powder and wad the same accordingly then the shot being involved with paper leather okam or such like to fill close the concave of the bore I would drive the shot close to the powder with a good wad putting after it a Tampion of Cork and with a spunge moistned with oyle I would annoint the vacant Cilinder and so barricadoe the peece that it should not reverse in the discharge Of Powder Peter and Match To refine Salt-peter wet TAke what quantity of Salt-peter you please and put the same into a cleane Caldron and put thereon a little faire water and boyle them together untill it raise the scum which take off and keepe and let it congeale and shoote in coolers as at first it did and what remaines boyle againe with more cleere water untill it congeale To know if Salt-peter be well refined TAke and lay it on a board and put a coale unto it if it raise an azure scum it is yet greasie if it leaves pearles it is yet earthly but if it burne into the board and leave nothing but a blacke colour and rise with a long flamed ventosity and exhalation it is well refined Severall wayes to know whether powder be decayed or no whether by moysture or age in part or in whole IT is the practicke part of a Gunner really to know his powder and whether it bee decayed or not by mutation or corruption And there are especially three ready wayes to finde the same The first by the sight the second by the feeling and the third and surest by fiering it By sight if it bee not blacke and darke but bright and inclining to a blewish tawny colour By feeling grasping it in the fist if it run through the fingers quickly and avoydeth the handling and cling not together By fire if fired it rise quicke and spread in a moment smoke little but riseth in a cleare flash unto which adde further if it leave no seezes but carry all away the powder is good or else the contrary may bee judged To renew powder decayed in part OF tentimes in Forts but most common and usually at Sea powder gathereth humid vapours which will in short time destroy the strength and vigority thereof and makes it of little and sometimes of no use without renewing it And sometimes it may decay by age Let therefore the Gunner first prove the powder by fire and if it make a flame with a long taile that is if it sleepe in its burning more or lesse then for every hundred pound of powder adde foure pound or sixe pound of refined Salt-peeter mixing them well together and put them to be beaten and wrought for the space of three houres and then moystning corning and drying the same as aforesaid proving it in meale dryed how it will rise by fiering and so doing the powder may bee made serviceable if the coale be not corrupted To renew powder totally decayed IF it be wholly decayed lay a Rayson frayle or mat in the bottome of a bucking-tub upon a fagot made of purpose or lathe set on edge to keepe the mat from the bottome and put in s●…awlayd crosse-wayes upon which powre the decayed powder and warme water being put thereon and let it stand and soaketen or twelve houres that all the Salt-peeter may bee assuredly dissolved then let out the liquor tap which congeale to Peter and thereunto adde a due proportion of Coles and Sulphure and make it into powder as is formerly taught for the Coles and Sulphure dissolving will remaine the straw fraile or mat To make powder that shall not wast with ●…ime TAke what quantity of powder you will and mixe it with Aquavitae and make it up in balles and dry them well in the Sunne or in a warme place and keepe them in an earthen pot well glazed untill you have cause to use them This powder will not decay nor waste with age To preserve powder that is good and keepe it from decaying I Would advise every Gunner to chuse the dryest

when you would use the same bore it through with a B●…dkin and fill the holes full of fine powder bruised To make Bullets of wilde-fire to shoote out of a Trunke which will be as hard as a stone TAke Sulphure in meale sixe part of Rosen in meale sixe parts melting the same in some pot over a slow fire then take stone pitch one part of hard waxe one part of Tarre ¼ part of Aqua vitae ½ part of Linseed oyle ½ part of Verdigrease ¼ part of Campheire ⅛ part melting all these together Likewise stirre into the same of Peter in meale two parts and taking it from the fire put therein foure parts of bruised powder working the same well together in your hands and rowle it round of the bignesse you meane to make your balls of boring two holes through the same crosse-wayes which must be primed with bruised powder These balls being cold will grow very hard and fired will burne furiously To make Hedge-hogges TO make Hedge-hogges or Balles you must fill them with the same receipts you doe your Arrowes and Pikes and let them be five inches in the diameter and well armed with twine before you coat them and after bored two holes and primed with fine powder then put in two sticks and using them pull them out againe and at the said holes fire them The spikes ends of Iron must bee like Deaths arrow heads five or sixe stirts a peece to hang in the sayles or stick in or upon any place assigned and remember in the arming to leave a noose to throw him being fired out of your hand To make Powder pots THey are made of blacke Potters clay or thick glasse round Bottles with eares to tye matches lighted at both ends the pots or glasses are to be filled with drye fine powder and thrown upon the decks or other where which will much prejudice the enemy and many times fire their owne powder-chests To make Powder-chests THey are to be made first of three boords two to be nayl●…d together like the ridging of a house and one longer and broader to the bottome thereof betwene which three boords put your Cartredge then make it up like a Sea-chest and fill it with stones nayles and what such like you will then naile the cover on and the ends to the decks in such a place that you may fire the powder underneath through a hole made to put a Pistoll in To make Roche-Sulphure ROche-Sulphure is made one pound of Sulphure molten on a slow fire and one quarter of a pound of mealed powder put thereto by little and little and in the cooling put three ounces of Corne-powder mixing them well together to which put one pound of molten suet so have you made good Roche-Sulphure A true receite of a Composition that will burne and feed upon the Water TAke Masticke halfe a pound white Frankin sence Gumme Sandrake Quicklime Brimstone Bitumen Camphire and of the best and dryest Gun-powder of each of these one pound and a halfe Rozin one pound Salt-peter foure pounds and a halfe mixe them all together and you have your desire A Receite of a Composition that will burne under water TAke Brimstone one pound Gun-powder ten Ounces of the best Salt-peter you can get one pound and a halfe Camphire beaten with Sulphur and Quicksilver mixe them well together with oyle of Peter or for want of it let it be Linseed oyle boyled unill it will scald a Feather fill a Canvas ball with this Composition arme it and ballast it with Lead at the bottome make a little vent at the top fire it well and cast it into the water and you shall finde the experience worth your labour A Receite of a Composition that will kindle with the water TAke of Oyle of Tyle one pound Linseed-oyle three pounds oyle of yelke of Egges one pound new quick-lime eight pounds Brimstone two pounds Camphire foure ounces Bitumen two Ounces mingle all together very well and you shall have your desire How to know the iust time or houre that any quantity of a lighted Match shall doe execution at the time desired TAke our ordinary Match which is used for the Musket rub or beate it against a post to soften it then either dip the same in the water of our ordinary Salt-peter then dry it very well either by the fire or in the Sun according as your haste requires or else beate a little Brimstone very small and put a little fine Gunne-powder amongst it and rub the Match with them being made liquid with a little Aqua vitae and dryed as before said then try first how long one yard of this Match thus prepared will burne which imagine to be about a quarter of an houre and if one yard will burne so long then foure yards will be just an houre Take therefore as much of this Match as will burne so long as you will have it to be ere your worke should fire binde the one end unto your worke lay loose powder well dryed under and about it lay the rest of the Match in hollow or turning so that one part of it touch not another and fire it For Fire-pikes 4 pound a peece for one dozen Powder 20 pound Peter-roch 5 pound Peter-meale 5 pound Sulphur 3 pound Rozen 2 pound ½ Turpentine 1 pound Linseed oyle 1 pound Summe 38 pound 8 ounces For arming Sulphur 6 pound Turpentine ½ pound Threed 4 pound Summe 10 pound ½ For Arrows 2 dozen each 1 pound Powder 12 pound Sulphur 3 quarters of a pound Rozen 3 quarters of a pound Roch-peter halfe a pound Peter-meale 3 qua of a pound Summe 15 pound 3 quarters For coating Sulphur 5 pound Peter-Roch 2 pound Peter-meale 1 pound 1 yard of Canvas marle Summe 9 pounds For2dozen of balls wetworks of 4 pound a peece Powder 48 pound Peter-roch 16 pound Pitch 2 pound Rozen 2 pound Turpentine 8 pound ½ Linseed oyle 1 pound Traine-oyle 1 pound Sūme totall 90 pound ½ For Coating Pitch 14 pound Rozen 2 pound Sulphure 8 pound Canvas 4 yards Small Marle 3 pound Summe 31 pound ½ For 1 dozen of pots each one 1 pound ¼ Corn-powder 1 pound ½ Serp. powder 9 pound Sulphure 3 pound Peter-roch 1 pound ●… ●… Summe 15 pound For Capping Canvas 1 yard Okam ¼ of a pound Sulphure three fourth pound Packthred 1 ounce Sūme 1 pound 9 Ounces A short View of the Chiefest Heads which are contained in this Booke of GVNNERY Viz. FIrst of the principles of Philosophy sit to bee knowne page 1. A Table of the Square A table of Cubes pag. 2 How to extract the square root pag. 2. How to know the neerest root of a number not square p. 3. ●…oure severall questions upon the same and all fully answered pag. 4 5 6. How to extract the Cubicke root with the manner how it is to be done pag. 7. How to find the neerest Cubicke root and not cubicall p. 8. A question of two Cubes pag. 9. A

place he can possible to keepe his provision and store of powder in and every fortnight or three weekes at the most to turne his barrels upside downe so will the Peter bee disperst in every place and be in every part alike otherwise if it be let stood long unremoved the Peter will as nature forceth it to its proper element descend for the most part to the bottome of the Barrell and the upper part will want and be much weakened and in time quite decay and loose its proper vertue for one pound of powder in the bottome of any Caske with long standing will have more strength than three at the top Also it were good discretion after you have put your powder in Cartredges to barrell them up and some times to turne them as aforesaid I would advise you likewise to place all those Cartredges that you keepe and ma●… for your peeces when they are hot by themselves that yo●… 〈◊〉 have them to hand when need requires To make extraordinary Match to fire Ordnance TAke as many threeds of grosse Cotten yarne as hath not taken Salt-water and worke them bobbing-wise of a compleat bignesse and boyle them in Salt-peeter water and squeeze them and rowle them on a table whereon mealed Peter and Sulphure is spread then draw them through the palme of your hand and dry them well You may doe it also with cotten match To make a match will resist fire and water TAke Salt-peter refined one part Sulphire ½ part and put them into a pot with ⅓ part of Camphiere mealed with the Sulphure and one part of fine mealed quick lime with so much linseed oyle and a little liquid vernish to temper them well together Then take of Cotton bobbing match as bigge as your little finger and put it into the mixture to soake over a fire untill it be well imbibed and have soaked up the most part of the liquor then take the feezes or remainder and put them into the palme of your left hand and with your right draw the match through it twice or thrice clasping close your fist that the match may receive the substance of it thereinto then dry it upon a line and keepe it for speciall uses for Vaults Mines and moist weather To make a very violent match TAke two ounces of powder foure ounces of Peter two ounces of Aquavitae dissolve them over a fire and put in your cotten-match and soake it up if you imbibe the fesills for your ●…ockets therein it will bee very proper you may rowle and rub them in meale powder upon a table dry and keepe them in a dry place and it will be for your purpose Of Fire-workes To make certaine Fire-workes very necessary both for Sea and Land-service TO arme Pikes to defend a Ship or breach or to enter the same or to sticke in the sides of a ship or other place take strong canvas and cut it in length about a foote or 14 inches and sixe inches high in the Center and let the ends be both cut taper-wise then fasten the canvas at both ends with strong twine and fill it with this receipt Powder bruised 8 parts Peter in Roch 1 part Peter in meale 1 part Sulphur in meale two parts Rozen Roch three parts Turpentine 1 part Verdigrease ½ part Bolearmonicke ⅓ part bay salt ⅓ part Colophania ⅙ part Arsnicke ⅛ part mixe them very suently together and trye them in the top of a Brasse Candlesticke when the fire doth burne furiously with a blew and greenish colour then fill the canvas and rowle it over being first armed with strong twine all over with this liquid mixture molten in a pan Pitch 4 parts Linseed Oyle 1 part Turpentine ⅓ part Sulphur 1 part Tarre ⅓ part Tallow one part and as soone as this is cold bore two holes in each of the same next the Iron an inch deepe with a sharpe Iron Bodkin filling the same with fine bruised powder and putting in every hole a little sticke of two inches long which are to be taken out when you would fire the same this composition will burne furiously And remember you cut off the staffe some three inches from the worke and put thereon a brasse socket of five or sixe inches long and then cut the end of your stasse to fill the socket for when you fire your worke you may stick it in the side of a ship and pull the staffe out againe so will not the work be so easily avoyded as when the staffe was on and hangs at length because the very weight of the staffe and length thereof will be a meanes to weigh downe the work or that the enemy may come and thereby pul it out or beate it off quickly let the c●…position and worke containe in weight about 7●… po●… then will it doe execution and worke a better effect ●…n if it were of lesse weight by much by reason the composition else would be wasted before it comes to effect its execution To burne the sailes of Ships a pretty distance or to fire thatch'd houses Corne-s●…acks or any other cumbustible matter apt to burne when you cannot come to the same it is good to have certaine strong Crosse-bowes to bend with racks or gaffells and so shoote Arrowes armed at the heads with wild fire made of the composition as above about three inches in length one inch and a halfe in the Diamiter tapred as afore in all poynts or you may have long bowes but then let your arrowes be also longer which for divers services may do great good To charge Trunkes TO charge Trunkes to shoot little Balles of wild-fire either to offend or defend you must first charge him with two inches of good powder and then with a Ball of wild fire a little lower than the concave of the Trunk ●…et the Ball be bored through crosse-wayes and primed full of fine powder Lastly with slow receipt then with powder then with a Ball againe as aforesaid untill you have filled the same within ¼ of an inch of the mouth which would be filled up with fine powder and receipt mixed together Some doe use to have at the mouth two Iron stirts to sticke them in the side of any thing or to defend ones selfe from the enemy from taking it off with a thrust while they doe execution To make the Ball. THe Ball of wild-fire must be thus made Take untwisted match tow and hempe the which would be moystned in Aqua vita or boyled in Salt-peter water then take of bruised powder sixe parts of Salt-peter one part of Brimstone finely beaten one part of coale made of light wood moystned with a little linseed oyle and turpentine wrought together one part then lay the tow or okam abroad in thicknesse of the back of a knife and as broad as great Oyster-shell put into the same as much as you can graspe together in your sist and tying the same hard with a packe-thread coate it over with molten brimstone and

to the powder especially being done in time I doe advise all his Majesties Gunners of the Navie to take an especiall heed and diligent care in the election and choosing of the Yeoman of the powder-roome by reason he is upon all occasions to be amongst the amunition for by his negligence or dishonesty infinite losse and danger may accrew therefore it is fit such a man should be first knowne to be a loyall subject and one that would performe the office with both care and diligence before he be admitted the charge thereof The names of the principall members of a peece of Ordnance FIrst the uppermost part round about the peece may be called the Superficies of her metall the substance or whole masse of mettall the Body the hollownesse thereof the Concave Cillinder or Soule the whole length the Chase So much of her Bore as containeth her powder and shot is the Chamber or charged Cillinder the remainder her vacant Cillinder the Spindals or Eares are called her Trunnions and the space between them the gravity of her Center the pumell at her coyle the Casacabell or her Decke the little hole the Touch-hole all the metall behind the touch-hole her breech or Coyle the greatest Ring at her touch-hole her Base Ring the next Ring or Circle is the reinforst Ring the next to that the Trunnion ring and the circle foremost her Muzzle Ring Lastly the Ring betweene the Trunons and Muzzle ring is called the Cornish ring and all the Rings Circles and emenencies at her Muzzle are called the Frieze as you may see in the figure just against this matter What instruments are most fit for a Gunner THe Callabre Compasses height board inch sight-rule Gunners scale Gunners quadrant divided into 90. degrees and into 12. poynts their minutes with a Geometricall square to take mountures levels heights breadths and distancies a paire of streight pointed Compasses with a little brasse levell scales and weights Priming Irons moulds to make crosse-barre shot for Muskets a faire Booke for your accompts and an Iron with a Spring and a Transome to dispart a Peece of Ordnance let the Transome bee to goe up and downe ●…ccording to the diameter and thicknesse of any peece let the Transome be long enough to reach the Base-ring from the Touch-hole This Instrument is very necessary though not commonly knowne How to loade and fire a Peece of Ordnance like an Artist HAving all things fitted and in readinesse prepar'd for ●…vice first marke the winde and be sure to lay ●…ur budge-barrell and the rest of your powder to wea●…r your Peece then place your Lindstocke to leawards having clear'd the Touch-hole spunge her well standing by the right side of the Gunne and when he drawes out the spunge strike two or three blowes upon the muzzle to beate off the foulenesse of the spunge then his assistant declining the Budge-barrell aside hee shall thrust ●…n the Ladle to fill it striking off the heaped powdes and giving a little shogge the better to settle the rest in in the Ladle so being filled and striked stand by the right side of the Peece as cleare as hee can from the muzzle and put in the Ladle to the bottome of the concave very steddy quite home to the touch-hole and when it is arived to the bottome of the bore laying your right thumbe upon the upper part of the Ladle-staffe turn●… the staffe untill your thumbe be quite under it and give a shake or two to free the powder from the Ladle bearing him up that non●… may come out againe Then put the powder home softly with the 〈◊〉 a●…ter which put in a good wadde and thrus●…●…hom 〈◊〉 powder giving three or foure hard str●…kes which will gathe●… the scatter'd powder together that it ma●… fire the better the ●…ssistant having a thumbe upon the Touch-hole all the while then put in the shot which with a Rammer h●… must put softly home and afterwards another wadde and then give two or three good strokes with the Rammer more to settle all close together that there may be no vacuity betweene powder first wadde bullet or las●… wadde This done place your Budge-barrell againe to wind-wards and be sure to weather your Peece in the fiering to prevent all danger Lastly have speciall care in directing her to the marke and in priming her let the powder come from the Touch-hole to the base ring so may you fire there safely without danger of the fire of the Touch-hole to force your Lintstocke out of your hand provided you draw backe your hand in the fiering your leg standing forwards and so doing the Peece will be loaden and fier'd Gunner like Some use to prime before the Touch-hole forwards two or three inches and fire there for the bigger the Touch-hole is the more care must bee taken in priming and especially in fiering What powder is allowed for proofe and what for action of each Peece FIrst I will begin with the biggest Peeces as with all sorts of Cannons for proofe ⅘ and for service ½ o●… the weight of her Iron shot For the Culverings the whole weight of their shot for proofe and foraction ●… ●… and for the Saker and Faulcon ●… ●… and for lesser Peeces the whole weight in action untill they grow hot for then must abatement bee made with discretion But in proofe the lesser Peeces should have once and ●… ●… of the powder that the Bulletweigheth If Weights Scales and Ladles be wanting how many Diameters of a bullet will make a reasouable charge in powder for any peece named FOR the Cannons 2. ½ for Culverings 3. and for the Saker 3. ½ for the lesser peeces 4. Diameters of the Cillinder For 3. Diameters makes ●… ●… and 3. ●… ●… makes ●… ●… and foure diameters and a halfe makes the whole weight of a cast Iron shot it being corne powder which length will also serve for Cartredges for the like peeces How Moulds Formes and Cartredges are to be made for any sort of Ordnance CArtredges are made of Canvas or paper Royall which prepared take the height of the bore of the peece without the vent of the shot and cut the cloth or paper of the bredth of three such heights and for the Cannon in length three diameters for the Culvering foure diameters for the Saker Faulcon c. ½ of the height of their proper bores and leaving in the middest at the top or bottom one other such height to make a bottome for the Cartredge cutting each side somewhat larger for the sowing and glewing them together having a due respect for the augmenting or diminishing of your powder according to the goodnesse or badnesse of the powder and to the extraordinary over-heating of your peece Having resolved for what sort of Ordnance your Cartredges are to serve you are accordingly to have a former of wood turned to the height of the shot and a convenient length longer than the Cartredge is to bee and before you paste