Selected quad for the lemma: fire_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
fire_n	dry_a	hot_a	water_n	3,090	5	6.8816	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13665	The new found vvorlde, or Antarctike wherin is contained wo[n]derful and strange things, as well of humaine creatures, as beastes, fishes, foules, and serpents, trées, plants, mines of golde and siluer: garnished with many learned aucthorities, trauailed and written in the French tong, by that excellent learned man, master Andrevve Theuet. And now newly translated into Englishe, wherein is reformed the errours of the auncient cosmographers.; Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique. English	Thevet, André, 1502-1590.; Hacket, Thomas, fl. 1560-1590.	1568 (1568)	STC 23950; ESTC S111418	200,763	298

in y e night than the day for that by good Philosophy the greatest light shadoweth the least the which maketh the Nauigants afraide that haue no knowledge thereof before This flame hath a very euill smel and therfore ye néede not to thinke suche manner of fire straunge knowing that they are naturall things as the Phylosophers witnesse that is those places are ful of fire and hot Mines of the which procéedeth a vapor hot and dry like to fire the which cannot be done without aire Also from thence procéede waters naturally hot furthermore in Esclauonie by Apolonia there is a fountaine coming out of a rocke whereas is séene procéede a flame of fire whereby all the waters adiacent are as boyling This place or Ile of fire is inhabited with Portingals as many other are in those quarters And so euen as the burning heate of this hill doth in no wise let the frutefulnesse of the lād the which bringeth forthe diuers kindes of good fruits where as is a great temperatnesse of the aire liuely springes and fair fountaines also the sea that cōpasseth it doth not quench this vehement heate as rehearseth Plinie of Chimera alwayes burning and quencheth with earth or hay being cast vpon it but with water it is kindled Of Ethiopia Cap. 16. ALthough that many Cosmographers haue sufficiētly described the Countrey of Ethiopia also among our writers those the which haue made many faire Nauigations by this coast of Affrica in many and farre Countreys notwithstanding this shall not let but that according to my endeuor I wil declare some secretes obserued in sailing by this saide coast into the great America Ethiopia therfore extendeth so far that it hath parte bothe of Asia and Affrica and therfore they are deuided in two That parte which is in Affrica is named India or Leuant of the red sea and to the North part of Egipt Affrica toward the South parte of the floud Nigritis the which as we haue said is called Senega To the ponent it hath the whole parte of Affrica the which extendeth to the banke side or brinkes of the West And so it hath ben named by the name of Ethiops the sonne of Vulcane the which before had many other names Toward the West it is hilly small inhabited in the East others set it out after this sorte folowing There are two Ethiops the one is vnder Egipt riche and large and in the same is the Ile Mirva great among those of Nylle and of the same parte extending to the East raigneth Prester Iohn The other part is not so well knowen nor discouered it is of suche a greatnesse sauing only by y e borders of the sea Others deuide it otherwise that is to wit the one parte being in Asia and the other in Affrica that now are called the Indies of Leuant compassed with the red Sea in Barbarie towardes the Northe to the Countrey of Libia in Egipt This countrey is very hilly of the which y e hils are Bed Iona Bardita Mescha Lipha Some haue written that the first Ethiopians and Egiptians among other were most rude ignorant leading a wild life euen as brute beasts without lodging or remaining but resting them wheras they wer benighted worse than at this day do the Masonists From the Equinoctiall toward the Antartike ther is a great coūtrey of Ethiopians y t norish great Eliphāts Tigers Rhinoceros beasts so named There is another region bearing Cynamon betwene the armes of Nylle the realme of Etabecke on bothe sides of Nylle is inhabited with Christians The others are named Ickthiophages liuing only with fishe being in times past brought vnder the obedience and subiection of Alexander The Anthropophages are neare to the hils of the Mone and the rest extending from thence to Capricorne and returning towarde the Caape of good hoppe and inhabited with diuers and sundry people hauing diuers similitudes and monstrous Neuerthelesse they are estéemed to be y e first borne into the world also the first that haue inuented religion and ceremonies and therfore they were neuer vnder the yoke of subiection but haue alwayes liued at libertie It is a wonderfull thing to sée the honor and amitie that they beare to their King for if it chaunce that he be grieued in his body his subiects or houshold seruaunts will be the like estéeming it a thing vnpertinent to remaine whole and their King grieued or offended The greatest part of these people are al naked bicause of the extréeme heat of the Sunne others couer their priuie partes with certaine skinnes others couer halfe of their body and others their whole body Meroa is the hed Towne of Ethiopia in the olde time it was named Saba and since by Cambises Meroa There are diuers kinds of religion Some are Idolaters as hereafter shalbe declared the others worship the Sunne when it riseth but they despise the West This Countrey aboundeth in miracles and wonders it nourisheth toward India very great beastes as great Dogges Eliphants Rhinocerous of a wōderfull height Dragons Basiliscus and others furthermore trées so hie that no Archer can shoote to the toppe with many other wonderfull things as also Plinie reherseth in the seconde boke the .xvij Chapter of his naturall Historie Their corne is customably Mill and Barley with the which also they make a certaine drink and they haue fewe other fruites and trées sauing only certaine great Palme trées They haue also in some places good quantitie of precious stones more than in other Also it shal not be out of the way to say that these people are very blacke according as the heat is more or lesse vehemēt and that that colour commeth of a superficiall action being the great heate of the Sunne the which is the cause also y t they are very fearfull The heat of the aire being so violent draweth out the natural heat of the heart and other interior parts therfore they remain colde within being destitute of the naturall heate and onely burned outwarde as we may sée in other things The action of heat in what thing so euer it be is no other thing thā resolution or dissipation of the Eliments when it perseuereth and is violent in suche sorte that the most subtillest Eliments being consumed there remaineth but y e earthly part keping colour and consistence of the earth as we sée Ashes and burned woode Then to the skin of this people so burned there resteth but the earthly parte of the humor the others being dispersed which causeth the coulour I said they were fearful bicause of the inward coldnesse for hardinesse and manhoode commeth not but with a vehement heate of the heart The which causeth the Englishmen those that are vnder the North Pole which cōtrary are cold without but maruelous hot within to be hardy couragious ful of great boldnesse Therfore these Neigers haue their heade curled their téethe white great lips croked legges the women

the meane howe to grynde corne and to bake bread for before they dyd eate the fruites of the earth as Nature brought them forthe whether that the earth was laboured or no but that all men vniuersally on the earth haue liued like as do the brute beastes it is rather a fable than a true story fained by Poets and of suche as imitate them as Virgile sheweth in Georgicon But I beleue rather the holie Scripture that maketh mention of Abell and of his first fruites that he offered to God Well the Americanes make meale of those rootes that are called Manihot which are as great as my arme a foote and a halfe long and they are writhen or crooked most commonly And this roote is of a litle tree in height from y e grounde aboute foure foote the leaues are like to those which we call Patallionis which are in number sixe or seuen at the ende of euery trée and euery leafe halfe a foote long thrée fingers brode Their maner to make this sustenaunce or meate is this they bruse these rootes either drie or gréene with a large barke of a trée garnished aboute with very harde stones this beyng done they make it hot in some vessell of earth on the fire with a certaine quantitie of water so that it gathereth into small lumpes and it is very good when it is thus vsed and a good nourisher And ye shall vnderstande that from Perou Canada and Florida in all the landes and countreys betwene the Ocean and Magellan as America Caniball euen to the straight of Magellan they vse this kinde of foode the which is very cōmon and yet there is distant from the one end to the other more than two thousande leagues by lande and they vse it with their fleshe and fishe as we doe breade These wilde men vse a strange maner in their eating for they neuer bryng their handes to their mouthes but caste theyr meate into their mouthes more than a foote off to the whiche they are verie apte Also they mocke christians that vse otherwise All the labours aboute these rootes are remitted to the women thynking it not decent for mē to occupie them selues therin These Americans doe plant beanes the which are all white and flatte more large and longer than ours Also they haue a kynde of white gourdes not differing to those that grow in Turkey and Italy they boyle them and then eate them with salte the which salte is made with salt water boyled when it is consumed to halfe with an other thyng they make it tourne into salt Likewise with this salt and a kind of spice of graines they make loaues of bread as byg as a mans heade of the which many eate with fleshe and fishe chiefly the women Beside this they mingle many times spice with their meale not beaten to dust as we doe but as it is gathered Moreouer they make bread with dried fishe very good to eate with other things mingled with it whiche I do not knowe I will not forgette here a kinde of colewort leaues almost like to the brode leaues that growe on ryuers sides the whiche they call Nenuphar with an other kinde of herbe growing like our thistles Nowe there resteth to speake of a trée which they name in their language Peno absou This trée beareth a fruite of the greatnesse of a good bigge apple round like an egge the which is not good to eate but rather daungerous as poyson This fruite hath within sixe nuttes like our Almondes but somewhat more larger and flatte in the which is a kernel which as they say is good to heale woundes and sores when that they haue bene hurte in the warre with the Arrowes of their enimies or otherwise I haue brought of them into France which I haue giuen vnto my frends the meane to vse them is this First they draw out of this kernell certaine oyle the which they put vpon the wounde The barke of this trée hath a very straunge smell and the leafe always gréene of the thyckenesse of a testorne and made lyke the leaues of Pourslane In this trée frequenteth a byrde hauing a great bushe of feathers on hir head as yealowe as fyne golde the tayle blacke and the rest of hir feathers yealow and blacke with some strikes of dyuers other coloures redde aboute the chappes betwéene the byll and the eyes lyke scarlette and she kéepeth this trée onely for hir foode whyche is littell wormes that she fyndeth in the sayde trée To make shorte leauyng many kyndes of trées I wyll say thus muche that there are fiue or sixe kinde of palme trées bearynge fruite not as those of Aegypte that beare Dates for these beare none but other kynde of fruites some as great as an egge the others lesse Among the whiche palme trées is that whyche they calle Gerahuua a nother named Iry the whyche beareth a nother kynde of fruite differing there is also that dothe beare their fruite all rounde and as greate as a prune or damsyn beyng of the like coloure when it is rype the whiche before hath a taste lyke veriuyce it beareth a whyte kernell of the greatnesse of a hasyll nutte the which these wylde men doe eate Thus muche as touchyng oure America the whiche I haue thoughte good to sette oute after that I had knowne the secretes therof the whiche wée maye hereafter sette forth more at large Lykewise of many trées hearbes and other secretes with their propreties accordyng to the experience of the people of the cuntrey the which we haue left out to auoyde prolixitie Also we haue thoughte good by the way somewhat to speake as touchyng the lande of Brasile Howe and after what sorte the lande of America was discouered and Brasill wood founde with many other trees sene no where but in that countrey Cap. 59. THis we know of a truth that Americus Vesputia is the firste that discouered the mayne lande betwene the two seas though not all the lande but the moste parte And since the Portingals many tymes being not content with their limits haue alwayes hazarded themselues to discouer and fynd out countreis euen as they founde the cōmodities and as they were intertained of the people of the countrey They therfore visiting the countreys and séeking as the Troyans dyd in the lande of Carthage they sawe diuers fourmes and manners of feathers with the whiche they dyd trade and traffike specially redde ones whiche were coloured so that they were desirous to knowe the meane howe to make this coloure The people of the countrey shewed them the Brasille trée whyche they doe name in their language Oraboutan and is very fayre to looke on the barke therof is of a gray colour withoute and the woodde is redde within and chiefly the harte the whyche is more excellente than the reste whereof they do occupie moste so that then the Portingales broughte home their shyps laden therewyth And synce that

haue not séene hir They name hir Hau or Hauthy of the greatnesse of a greate Munky of Afeca hauing a great belly and the head almost in proportion of a Childes head She being takē casteth out sighes lyke a Chyld féeling payne hir skyn colored lyke ashes and rough lyke a litle Beare hauing on each paw three nayles or clawes a foure fingers long and made lyke the fyn of a Carpe with the which she climeth on Trees abyding there more than on the ground Hir tayle is thrée fingers long with lyttel heare thereon Another thing there is worthy of memory that this straunge beast was neuer séene eating for the wylde men of the coūtry haue watched hir to sée if she would féede but all was in vayne as they them selues haue shewed me Bysides this I would neuer haue beleued it if I had not proued it for a captaine of Normandy and the Captaine Mogneuylle borne in Picardy walking on a time in the great thick woods dyd shoote with a Handgunne at two of these beastes which were in the top of a trée so that they fell bothe to the ground the one sore hurt the other onely amased or astonned the which was giuen to me for a present so it was well kept the space of .xxvj. daies and in the meane time it would neuer eat nor drinke but always at one estate but in the ende it was strangled by certaine Doggs that we brought thyther some thinke that this beast lyueth onely with leaues of a certaine Trée named in their language Amahut this Trée is the highest Trée in that countrie bearing leaues very small and thin and for that this beast is commonly in this Trée she is named Haut Furthermore this beast is very louing to man when she is tame coueting to be always on his shoulders as if hir nature were to remayne on high places the which doings the wylde men of the countrey cannot abyde for that they are wicked for this beast hath very sharpe clawes and longer than the clawes of a Lyon or any other beast that euer I saw To these wonders I haue séene by experience certain Chameleons in Constantinople that liued only with the ayre And by this I knew it was of a truthe that the wylde men shewed me as touching this beast moreouer if that this beast be abroade in the greatest raine that is yet she will be always as drie as before By this ye may sée the wonderfull works of nature how that she can make things strange great incomprehensible and wonderfull to mans iudgement Therefore it is a thing impertinent to seke out the cause reason as many daily go aboute to doe For this is a very secret of nature y e knowledge whereof is reserued and kept to the onely creator also of many others that might be héere alleadged but for that it is not my argument I omit it for to finish the rest Hovv these Americans kyndle Fyer of their opinion of the drowning of the World and of their Yron works Cap. 53. NOw y t I haue shewed you of some singular plātes and vnknowne beastes not onely to vs but as I think to all the world for that this countrey was neuer knowne nor discouered but of late daies being minded to make an ende of this discourse of America I will shew you the straunge maner and practise that these Barbarous people vse to get fyre as well as we doe with a flint stone and a tinder boxe the which inuention truely is celestial giuen by diuine prouidēce to man for his necessitie Now these wilde men haue another meane almost vncredible to get fire greatly differing from our vse that smite a flynt stone with an Yron And ye must note that they vse customably fire for their necessities as we doe rather more for to resist the wicked spirit that tormenteth them for thē which cause they neuer lye downe in what place so euer they be but that they haue first fire lighted by their beds side And therefore aswell in their houses or other where be it in the forest or in the fieldes whereas they are constrained to remaine a long time as when they go a warfare or hunte for Venison they beare commonly with them their instrumentes to make fire Therefore they will take two stickes vnequal the one which is the least shalbe a two foote long or thereaboute made of a certaine drie wood hauing a rinde or pith the other somewhat more longer He that will make fire will lay the lesser sticke downe on y e ground pierced through y e middest y e which he holding with his féete wil put the ende of the other sticke into the hole that is in the other with a littell cotton and dried leaues then with turning of the stick there engendreth such a heate that the leaues and cotton begin to burne so that by this meanes they light fire the which in their language they name Thata and the smoke Thatatyn and this maner or way to make fire so subtilly they say came by a great Charaibe more than a Prophete the which taught it to their Elders with other things also of which they before had no intelligēce or knowledge I know wel there are many fables as touching y e inuention of fire Some say y t certaine pastors or shepherds were y e first y t inuēted to make fire after the maner that these wilde men vse with certaine wood being destitute of Yron and flint stone By this we may euidently know fier commeth neither of stone nor Yron as Aphrodisius disputeth in his probleames Dioderus writeth y e Vulcan was y e first inuenter of fier the which for this respect was elected King by the Egiptians Also the wylde men are almost of this opinion the which before this inuention of fier did eate their meates dried in the Sunne And this knowledge was brought to them as I haue before shewed by a great Charaibe one night in their sléepe after a great deluge of waters the which they maintaine to haue ben in times past although they haue not memoriall by writing but onely from age to age so that they wil beare in memory things foure or fiue hundreth yeares past the which is to be maruelled at And by this meanes they are very curious to teach instruct their Children things done and past which are worthy of memory The auncient men after their sléepe in the night doe no other thing but declare auncient stories to the young men so that to heare them you will say they are Preachers or Readers of Lectures now say they the water was so exceding great in this Deluge that it couered the highest moūtaines in that countrey so that all the people were drowned the which they tell of a truthe and beleue as stedfastly as we doe that which was in Noes time that is read of in holy Scripture Neuerthelesse it is easy for them to fayle

néere to the North of the which we haue before shewed are peopled and inhabited although according to the saying of Herodita these hills are directly vnder the Pole The first that founde out the lande contayned vnder the two temperat zones to be inhabited as Plutarche writeth was Parmenides Many haue written that not onely the zone Torida may be inhabited but also wel peopled The which Aueroys proueth by the witnessing of Aristotle in the fourth Chapter of his booke intituled of the worlde and of the firmament Auicen in the like case in his second doctrine and Albertus Magnus in his sixte Chapter of the nature of Regions efforcing to proue by naturall reason that this zone is inhabited yea more profitable for our humaine life than those vnder the tropickes So that by this meanes we will conclude and say that it is better more commodious more wholesome for our humayne life than any others For euen as the colde is an enimie so in like case the heate is friendly to our bodies knowing that our life is nothing but heat and moysture to the contrary death is colde and drinesse By this therfore ye may knewe that all the earth is peopled and is neuer without dwellers neither for colde nor heate but for barennesse and whereas it is vnfruitfull it may be inhabited as I haue sene in Arabia and in other countreys Also man was created of God for that he might dwell and lyue in what parte of the worlde he woulde were it hote colde or temperate for he him selfe sayde to our first parentes Growe increase and multiplie The experience furthermore teacheth as many times we haue sayde howe large the worlde is and commendable to all creatures the which we may sée by the continuall Nauigations on the sea and by the long iourneys on the lande Of the multitude and diuers kindes of fishes being vnder this lyne Equinoctial Cap. 20. BEfore the departing out of our lyne I thinke it good to declare particularly of the fish that is found about seuen or eight leagues on this side and beyonde the lyne of diuers colours and such a multitude that it is not possible to number them or to heape them together the which are as a greate heape of corne in a barne And ye shall note that among these fishes many haue folowed our ships more than thrée hundreth leagues specially the Dorades of the which we will speake hereafter more at large The Marsouins or sea Hogs after that they had perceiued our ship from farre dyd swimme a mayne against vs the which gaue to the Mariners a certayne signe and forshewing of that parte from whence the winde ought to come for these Sea beastes say they will swimme against one and in a greate company as foure or fiue hundreth together This fish is named Marsouin of Marissus in Latine which is as much to say as a sea Hog bicause that he is like almoste to Hogs on the earth for he hath the lyke grunt or noyse and hath the snoute lyke the ende of a Canne and on the heade a certayne cundite or opening by the which he yaunneth or purgeth euen as the Whale The Mariners take many of them with certayne gynnes of Iron being sharpe and pointed at the ende and croked and they doe eate but little thereof hauing other better fish but the liuer and lights is very good delicate being bothe like and also in taste to a Hogs harscelet When they are taken drawing towarde their death they caste greate sighes as we sée our countrey Hogs do when they are let bloude The female bringeth but twoo at a tyme. It was therefore a wonderfull thing to sée this greate number of fish making a maruelous greate noyse without comparison the which some peraduenture wil thinke strange and vncredible but I will affirme it to be so for that I sawe it As I sayd before that there is fish found of al colours red as those whō they named Bonnites the others Azure like golde shining brighter than fine Azure as those named Dorades others gréene gray blacke Yet I will not say that out of the sea they shoulde kepe those colours Plinie rehearseth that in Spaine in a fountayne the fish are of the coloure of golde but out of the fountayne they are lyke to others the which may come of the colour of the water being so betwene our eye and the fishe euen as a glasse being of a gréene or blewe colour representeth the things that ar within of the same colour Now to retourn to our Dorade many as wel Ancients as others haue written of the nature of fishes but very homelie for that they haue not sene but hearde say and specially of the Dorade Aristotle writeth that she hath foure finnes two aboue and two vnder and that she maketh her yong ones in sommer y e female remayneth hyd a certaine time but he telleth not how long Plinie to my iudgement hath borowed or lerned this of Aristotle speaking of this fishe saying that she hideth hir self in the sea a certayne time but in passing further he hath defined this tyme to be when it is extreme hot for that it cannot endure so greate a heate There are founde great ones like Samons others that are lesser from the head to the tayle it hath a creste and all that parte coloured lyke fine Azure in such sorte that it is vnpossible to excogitate or thinke a more fayrer colour the inferior or lower parte shineth like fire golde and for this cause it was named Dorade also of Aristotle in his lāguage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that the interpretors call Aurata and it is very fierce on the flying fish the which she foloweth and chaseth in the water as the hounde chaseth a haare in the fieldes for she liueth by pray casting hir selfe hye aboue water after this flying fish and if that she fayleth at one time she recouereth at another tyme. This fish folowed our shippes the space of seuen wekes without once forsaking of them yea night and day vntill that she founde the sea vnsauery or not for hir nature I knowe wel that this fish hath ben much celebrated and estemed in tymes paste among Noble men for that she is very delicate and pleasant to eat For we reade of Sergius that founde the meanes to haue one brought to Rome the which was serued at a bancket to the Emperour whereas it was meruelously estemed And since that tyme hath this fish Dorade bene greatly estemed among the Romaynes so that there was no sumptuous banket but that it was serued for a greate dayntie dish And whereas this fish is scant in sommer harde to come by Sergius the Senator founde the meanes to kepe it with foode aliue to the ende that this fish shoulde not fayle them in no season and for this curiositie it was named Aurata or golden fish This fish is in much better sauor in Winter

Indians or wilde men of the Countrey shewing according to their manner euident signes of ioy neuerthelesse we stayed ther but .iij. dayes they welcomed vs one after an other according to their custome with this word Carainbe which is as muche to say as welcome or ye are welcome And for to shew their good wils one of their great Morbicha Onassonb that is to say King feasted vs with a kinde of meale made of rootes and with their Cahonin which is a drinke made of Mill is named Auaty and it is great like a pease there is bothe white and blacke And for to make this drinke they let this Mill boile with other rootes the which after it is boyled hath a coloure like to Claret wine and these Indians finde it so good that therewith they will be dronken as men will be with wine in our Countrey It is thicke like to wine lées Héere I wil shew you a superstition that they vse to make this drink after the straungest maner in the world After that it hath boyled in carthen vessels made for that purpose there shall come certaine virgins or maidens that shall chawe or champe in their mouthes this Mill being so boyled or sodden then they shall put it into a nother vessel therunto appointed or if that a woman be called therto she must first abstain certaine dayes from hir husband otherwise they thinke that this Byuerige or drinke will neuer come to good perfection This being done they will make it boyle againe vntill that it be purged or cleansed as we sée the wine boyling in the tunne then within certaine dayes after they drinke thereof Now after that they had entertained vs after this sorte they brought vs afterwarde to sée a large stone of fiue féete long or there about in the which appeared certaine strokes of a rod or small wand and the print of two féete the which they affirme to be of their great Caraibe whome they haue in as great reuerence as the Turks haue Mahomet for bicause say they that he hath giuen them the vse and knowledge of fire likewise to plant rootes for before they liued but with leaues as doe the brute beastes Being thus guided and led about by their King we forgate not diligently to know and visite the place wheras among other commodities requisite and necessary we founde that there was no freshe water to be had but far from thence the which letted vs to stay ther any long time for y e which we were sorie considering the bounty of the countrey In this place there is a Riuer of salt water passing betwene two hills separated the one from the other about a stones throwe and entreth into the countrey about .36 leagues This Riuer hath great quantitie of good fish of diuers kindes chiefly greate moulets so that whilest we were there we sawe the Indians catche of these fishes aboue a thousand in a shorte space Furthermore there are many birdes of diuers kindes with strange fethers some as red as fine scarlet others white ashey and other colours And with these fethers the wilde men or Indians make hats and garments either for to couer them or for beauty When they goe a warfare or when they haue any skirmish with their enimies Others also make them Gownes and Caps after their maner and for a manifest truth it may be knowen by a gowne that I brought home with the which gowne I made present to Monsieur Troisteux a gentleman of the house of my Lorde the right reuerend Cardinall of Sens. Among these number of birdes al differing from those of our Himisperia there is one which they name in their language Arat the which is a very hearon in proportion sauing that his fethers are red as Dragons bloud Furthermore there are sene trées without number being gréene all the yeare long of the which the moste parte rendreth diuers kindes of gumme as well in coiour as otherwise Also there is growing on the sea bankes little vines which is a kinde of cockle of the greatnesse of a pease the which the wilde men beare or hang about their necke like pearles specially when they are sicke for they say it prouoketh the belly and serueth for a purgation some of them make powder thereof and eate it Moreouer they say that it is good to stay a bloudy flixe the which semeth to me contrary to his purging vertue Neuerthelesse it may haue bothe bicause of the diuersitie of his substances And therefore the women beare it more oftener at their neckes adn armes than the men Likewise there is found in that countrey and on the sea borders on the sande greate plenty and a kinde of fruite that the Spaniards name sea beanes being rounde lyke a Teston but more greater and more thicker of a ruddy colour so that if you sawe them you wold say they were Artificiall the people of the countrey set nought by them neuerthelesse the Spaniards cary them into their countrey and the Womē and Maydens commonly hang them about their necke being set in gold or siluer the which they say hath vertue against the collicke the payne in the head and others To be short this place is pleasant and fruitfull and they that enter farther into that countrey shall finde a flat countrey couered with strange kinde of trées the like are not in Europe being also beautified with fayre Riuers and springs and very cleare waters among the which there is a fish very monstrous for a freshe water fish this fish is of the largenesse and greatnesse of a herring armed from the head to the tayle like a little beaste of the earth named Taton the heade without comparison greater than the body hauing thrée bones in the chyne and very good to eate at the least the Indians eate of them and they name it in their language Tamonhata Of the Riuer of Ganabara otherwise called Ianaria and how that the countrey whereas we ariued was named Fraunce Antartike Cap. 25. HAuing no time to remaine any lōger at Cape de Fria for the reason before shewed it behoued vs to depart so the we wayed our ankers and hoised vp sailes to sail to some other place to the great displeasure of the Indians of that Countrey that thought we wold haue stayed a longer time folowing the promise that we had made them at our first arriuall Therfore we sailed the space of foure dayes vntil the tenth that we found this great riuer of Ganabara being so named of the inhabitaunts of the Countrey for that it is like to the lake or otherwise Ianaria by those that first did discouer it being distaunt from the place from whence we departed .30 leagues and by the way the winde became contrary Now therefore that we had passed many little Ilands on the sea coast and the straight of our riuer being about a gunne shotte brode we were determined to enter in at that place or straight and with

brutish beasts are disposed to mock they wil put their tōgues out of these holes the women maidens are not so disformed In dede they haue hanging at their eares prety litle stones and shels that they haue in the sea also bracelets of certaine shels They esteme much litle beades of glasse y t the frenchmen haue caried thither Bicause of their disformitie chaunging of their naturall colour these men women are for the most part black for that they colour themselues with colours that they make of y e fruit of trées as we haue before shewed they colour one an other The women they colour deck the men we do not read that other natiōs haue done the like We finde that the Scythians going to the funerals of their friends did painte their faces with black The women of Turkey do paint their nailes with coloures red blew thinking by this to be more fairer but not y e rest of their body I wil not here forget y t these women of America do not only paint their childrēs faces with black but also their bodies and that with diuers colours specially of one colour like to a vernishing y t which colour wil continue the space of .iiij. dayes with y e same colour the womē paint their legs so y t for to loke a far of you wold iudge them to be hosed with fine black kersey Of visions dreames and illusions that these Americans haue and of the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirites Cap. 35. IT is a wonderful thing that these pore men although they be not reasonable for y t they are depriued frō the right vse of reasō and from the knowledge of God are subiect to many fantastical illusions persecutiōs of wicked spirites We haue said that before the cōming of our sauior Iesus Christ we wer in like maner vexed for the deuil studieth onely to seducte that creature that hath no knowledge of God Euen so these pore Americanes do oftentimes sée a wicked spirite sometimes in one forme sometimes in an other the which they name in their lāguage Agnan the which spirit persecuteth them day and night not onely their soule but also their body beating them and doing them much iniury so that you shal hear them make a pitiful cry saying in their lāguage if there be any christian by or neare séest thou not Agnan y e beateth me defend me if thou wilt that I shal serue thée and cut thy wood for many times they wil trauail to the Brasel wood for a smal reward Therfore in y e night they wil not goe out of their cabens or houses without bearing fire with them the which they say is a soueraine defence and remedy against their ennimie And I thought that it had bene a Fable when it was shewed me first but I haue séene by experience this wicked spirite to be driuen out by a christian in inuocating naming Iesus Christ Also the people of Ginney of Canada are likewise tormēted chiefly in the woods wheras they haue many visions and they call this sprite in their lāguage Grigri Furthermore these wilde men of America being this disprouided of reason and of the knowledge of veritie are easie to fal into many foolish errors They note obserue their dreames diligently thinking that al that they haue dreamed should sodainly come to passe If they haue dreamed that they shall haue victorie of their enimies or to be vanquished and ouercome you shall not persuade them the contrary but they beleue it assuredly as we doe the Gospel Of a truthe there be Phylosophers which holde opinion that some dremes wil naturally come to passe according to the humors that raigne or other dispositions of y e body as to dreame of fire water black things suche like But to beleue and affirme the other dreames as those of these Americans it is a thing impertinent contrary to the true religion of Iesus Christ and to my iudgemēt so are al other Macrobius in the dreme of Scipion saith that some dreames come to passe happen bicause of the vanitie of y e dreamers Other dreames come of things that we haue too much apprehended Others beside our Americanes do giue creadit to dreames as the Lacedemonians the Persians certaine others These wilde men haue an other straunge opinion which is an abuse they estéeme some among thē to be very Prophets whome they name in their lāguage Pages to whome they declare their dreames the others do interprete them they hold opinion that they tel truthe These may be cōpared to Philon the first interpreter of dreames to Trogus Pompeius that therein was very excellent I might here bring in many things of dreames diuinations and what dreames are true or no. Likewise of their kinds the causes therof as we haue bene instructed of our elders But for that it is repugnant to our religion and for that defence is made to giue therto any credit we wil leaue it and leane only to the holy scripture and to that which is commaunded vs therfore I wil speake therof no more but sure I am that for one y t hitteth right there are a numbre contrary Let vs returne to our wild men of America they beare greate reuerence to these Prophetes otherwise named Pages or Charaibes which is to say halfe Gods and they are truely idolaters euen as were the ancient Gentiles Of false Prophetes and Magicians that are in this countrey of America the which inuocate and cal vpon wicked spirites and of a tree named Ahouai Cap. 36. THis people being so far from the truthe beside the persecution that they receiue of wicked spirits their errours and dreames yet are they so far out of reason that they worship the deuill by the meane of some of his mynisters named Pages of the which sorte we haue spoken already These Pages or Charaibes are men of a wicked lyfe the which are giuen to serue the diuel for to deceiue their neighbors Such deceiuers for to coloure their wickednesse and to be estemed honorable among others remayne not continually in one place but they are vacabunds wandering here and there through the woodes and other places and returning with others at certayne houres making them beleue that they haue cōferred and counseled with the sprits for publike affaires and that they must do so and so or that this or that shall happen and then they are receiued and intertayned honorably being nourished and intertayned for this their doing and they esteme them selues happie that may remayne in their fauor and good grace and giue or offer to them some presente Likewise if it happen that any of them haue indignation or quarrell against his neighbor they come to these Pages to the ende that they mare dye with poyson him or them to whom they will euil Among other things they helpe themselues with a trée

by the Spanyardes thinking that by this coast they mighte finde a way more néerer to sayle to Moluques wheras spices are in lyke maner subiecte to these coldes and they couer their lodgyngs with the skynnes of fishes and of wylde beastes as also do other Canadians Furthermore the sayd Canadians liue together in common as doe the Americanes and they labour and worke ech one that whiche he can do Some make pots of earth others platters dyshes spoones and other thyngs of woode others bowes and arrowes baskets panniers and other apparell of the skinnes that they doe vse to weare to couer them from the colde The women they labour the earth and tourne it with certaine instruments of stones made long and they sow graine specially Myll as great as peason and of diuers colours the which they plante as we do Melons gourdes the stalke groweth like to Suger Canes bearing thrée or foure eares of which there is alway one more greate than the other in manner like to our Artichokes They plant also flatte Beanes as white as snow the which are very good there are of that kind both in America and in Perou They haue also good plentie of Cucumbers the which the eate roasted in the imbers as we doe Peares and Wardens Furthermore there is a litle sede very small like to Marioram séede which bringeth forth an herbe somwhat great This herbe is maruellously estéemed also they drie it in the Sunne after that they haue gathered a greate quantitie and customably they hāg it about their neck being wrapped in leather with a kinde of thorne hauing a hole in one end where as they put an end of this herbe being this dried which after that they haue rubbed it a litle betwene their hāds they put it to the fire so receiue the smoke by the other end of y e horn into their mouths and they take therof in such quantitie that it cometh forth both at the nose and at the eyes And after that sorte they parfume them all houres in the daye The people of America doe parfume them after an other maner as we haue before shewed Of these Canadians apparel how they weare their haire and howe their treate their children Cap. 78. THese Canadians hauing much more ciuilitie thā y e inhabitants of America know the meane how to couer and cloth themselues in beastes skins with their haire being trimmed after their manner whereof wee haue here before spoken peraduenture being constrained bicause of the extreme colde and not otherwise whiche occasion being not shewed to others that inhabite America causeth them to remaine naked without any shame one of an other And yet the men of Canada are not altogether clad but only wrapped in these rough and heary skins like to an apron for to couer the shamfast parts of nature brynging it betwixt their legs buttoned with buttons on both the thighs thē they gird them with a brode girdle which couereth all their body and they haue their armes and legs bare sauing that vpō this they wear a long cloke with furred skinnes sowed so wel together as if some master furrier or skinner of our countrey had thereto set his hand Their clokes are made of Badgers skins Beares skins Marterns Panthers Foxes Hares Ratts and Coneys other skins corryed after their maner with haire al which to my iudgemēt hath caused this argument that some think y t the wilde men ar all hearie Some writers haue set out that Hercules of Lybia comming into France founde the people lyuing almost like to the wilde men that are as well in the east Indies as in America without any ciuilitie the mē went almost al naked Others were clad with beasts skins of diuers colors Such was the state and condition of the first humaine kynde being at the first rude altogether out of frame vntill y t by successiō of time necessitie hath cōstrained mē to inuēt many thinges for y e preseruation and maintenance of their life Well now the poore wylde men wonder at our apparell of what and howe it is made demaundyng what trées heare suche things as was demaunded of me in America thinking that wooll dyd growe on trées as doth their cotton The vse wherof was long time vnknowne And as some writers doe affirme the firste vse thereof came from the Athenians and by them it was first put in vre others haue attributed it to Pallas for bicause that wooll was vsed before that Athens was builded For this cause the Athenians haue greatly honored and worshipped the goddesse Pallas for that they haue receiued of hir this greate benefite And by this may be known that the sayd Athenians and other people of Grecia doe clothe them selues with skinnes like to these Canadians and to the similitude of our first parentes Adam and Eue as witnesseth Saint Hierom leauing an example to all his posteritie for to vse the like and not to go naked For the which thing we can not giue sufficient praise and thanks to God the which of his prouidence farre aboue all other partes of the worlde hath shewed fauour to our Europe Now there resteth to shewe how they weare their haire the which is otherwise than the Americanes vse These people as well men as women haue their haire black and verie long and they haue this difference that the men haue their haire trussed on their heades lyke a horse taile with certaine pinnes of woodde that kéepeth it trussed hauyng besides to couer their heads a Tygres skynne or of a Beare or some other wylde beast so that to sée them attired after this sort ye would iudge them to be some stage players for that they lohe more like to the picture of Hercules that the auncient Romanes were wont to make for their recreation and pleasure and as he is set out nowe a dayes than like any other thing Others there are that couer their heads and girde their bodies with marten sables beyng so named by the name of the religiō that is vsed in those partes where as this beast frequenteth the whyche Furres we estéeme very precious and riche bicause they are rare and scant and therfore these skins with vs are for princes and great lordes to weare for they are very scant The Canadians haue no beards no more than those of Bresseill for they shaue it of as soone as it buddeth As touching the women they are clad wyth Bucke skinnes béeing trimmed with the haire after their maner and being therewith wrapped or couered they girde or bynde them selues wyth a girdell that goeth thrée or foure tymes aboute hauing always one arme and one pap or brest out of the skinne at libertie the which skin couereth one of their shoulders cōming crosse their bodies like a pilgrims scrippe Moreouer these women of Canada weare hose of tawed lether being well made after their maner and painted or coloured with certaine herbes

aire and so letteth it fall and breaketh it for to get the fishe out this Egle maketh hir nest in great hie trées by the sea side Also in this Countrey there is many faire riuers and a multitude of good fishe This people prepareth for nothing but that which is néedefull to sustaine nature so that they are not curious in meates for they goe not to séeke any thing in farre Countreys and yet their nourishment is healthsome and therefore they know not what sicknesse meanes but they liue in peace and in continuall health so that they haue no occasion to conceiue enuie one against an other bicause of their goods and patrimonie for they are in a maner all equall in goodes and riches being in one mutuall contentation and equalnesse in pouerty Also they haue no place ordained for to minister iustice for bicause that among them they do nothing worthy of reprehension They haue no lawes no more than the worthy Americanes other people but only the law of nature The people that dwell toward the sea as I haue shewed liue with fish and others that are farre from the sea are content with fruits of the earth that commeth forth the most part without labour of mannes hands and after this sorte liued the people in the first age as Plinie witnesseth also we sée in our dayes how the earth bringeth forth fruit without labor Virgill sheweth that the Forest Dodana began to die bicause of his age or else for bicause that it could not satisfie the multitude of people that then did multiply and therefore they began to labor and till the earth for to receiue the fruits therof for the sustainmēt of their liues so that they began husbādry Moreouer these people make not warre vnlesse that their enimies come to séeke them then they put them al to defence like to the Canadians their instruments that giue men corage to fight are beastes skinnes spread in maner of a circle which serueth them in steade of drummes with fluites of bones of Déere like to the Canadians if that they perceiue their enimies a farre of they will prepare to fight with their armors and weapōs which are bowes and arrowes And before y t they enter into battell their principall guide the which they honour as a King shal goe the first being armed with faire skins and fethers sitting on the shoulders of two mighty men to the ende that euery one should sée him and know him also to be ready to obey him what so euer he shall commaund And when they obtaine victory he shall lacke no honor so they returne ioyfull to their houses with their banners displayed which are braunches of trées garnished with fethers of swannes wauering in the aire and bearing the skin of the face of their enimies spred in litle circles in token of victorie Of the Ilands of Essores Cap. 83. THere resteth now nothing of all our voyage but to speake of certain Ilands that they call Essores which we coasted on the right hand not without great dāger of shipwracke For .iij. or .iiij. degrées beyond and on this side there bloweth alwayes a winde so cold contagious that for this respect it is feared of the Pilots Nauigants as the most dangerous place that is in the voyage be it to goe either to the Indies or to America by this ye may know y t the Sea in those parts are neuer calme but alwayes rough growne as we sée many times the winde to blow vp the dust into the aire the which we cal a tempest or fowle weather which is as well vpon y e land as on the sea for in the one and the other it riseth like a poynt of fire that raiseth the water of a heigthe when it plaweth or boileth as I haue many times sene And therfore it séemeth that the wind hath a mouing vpward like a whirle wind of which I haue spoken in an other place For this cause these Ilands wer so named bicause of the great Essor that causeth this winde in the said Ilands for Essores is as much to say to dry or to wipe cleane These Ilands are distant from Fraunce about .x. degrées and a halfe and they are .ix. in nūber of which the best of them are inhabited with Christians Portingalles whether as they did send many slaues for to laboure the ground the which by their great paine and diligence they haue made fruitfull with all good fruits necessary for mannes sustenaunce chiefly with wheat the which groweth there so plentifully that therewith all the land of Portingall is furnished The which they transport in their ships with many good fruits as well naturally of the Countrey as other where but there is one amongst others named Hyrcy the plant wherof was brought from the Indies for there was none thereof found before euen as in the Canaries Likewise in our Europe before they began to labor the earth to plant and to sowe diuers kinds of fruits men were contented onely with that the earth brought forthe of his nature hauing then to drinke nothing but cléere water and for their clothing the barks and leaues of trées with certaine skins of beastes as we haue already shewed In the which we may cléerely sée a wonderful prouidence of our God the which hath placed in the sea great quantitie of Ilands bothe little and great which doeth abide and sustaine the brunt of the waues of the sea that goeth not beyonde their compasse or limits neither hurteth the inhabitaunts for the Lord as the Prophet sayth hath appoynted his limits the which he doeth not ouerpasse Of these Ilands some are inhabited that before were desert and many are forsaken that in times past were inhabited and peopled as we sée hath hapned to many Cities and Townes of the Empire of Greece Trapezande and Egipt such is the ordinance of God that things héere in earth shall not be perdurable but subiect to chaunging The which being considered of our Cosmographers in our dayes they haue added to the Tables of Ptolomeus newe matters of our time for since y e time and knowledge that he hath written there hath happened many newe things Now these Ilands of Essores were desert before that the Portingalls knew them Neuerthelesse they were full of woods of all sorts among the which is founde a kynd of Ceder named in their speach Orcantine with the which they make fyne karued works as tables cofers and many vessels for the Sea This wood hath a very good smel and wil not rot neither be worme eaten be it dry or wette as other wood wil. Of the which also Plinie speaketh that in his time was found at Rome in an old Sepulcher certaine bookes of Philosophy betwene two stones within a lyttle chest made of Ceader wood the which had ben vnder the grounde aboue fyue hundreth yeares Furthermore I remember that I haue read in times