shée was deade and gone did name the Mertian statutes Who turned them into latine as yet I doe not read howbeit as I said before of the lawes of Mulmutius so the same Alfrede caused those of thys excellently well learned Lady whome dyuers coÌ„mende also for hir great knowledge in the Gréeke tong to bée turned into hys owne language wherevpon it came to passe that they were dailye executed among hys subiectes afterwarde allowed of among the rest by the Normans and finally remaine in vse in these dayes notwithstanding that we can not disseuer them very redily from the other The 7. alteratioÌ„ of lawes was practised by the Saxons for I ouerpasse the lawes made by the Romaines whose order do partly remaine in publike notice vnder y e names of the mercian â—…ercian 〈◊〉 â—…xon 〈◊〉 â—…ne law and the Saxon Lawe Beside these also I reade of the Danelawe so that the people of middle england were ruled by the first the west Saxons by the seconde as Essex Norffolke Suffolke Cambridgshire and part of Herford shyre were by the third of al the rest the most inequal intollerable Among other things also vsed in the time of y e Saxons it shal not be amysse to set downe the forme of their Ordalian law which they brought hither with them from beyonde the Seas and vsed onely in the tryall of giltye and vngiltinesse Certes it conteyned not an ordinary procéeding by dayes and termes as in the Ciuile and common lawe we sée practised in these dayes but a shorte dispatch and tryall of the matter by fyre or water whereof at this present I wil deliuer the circumstance as I haue faithfully translated it out of an auncient volume and conferred wyth a prynted coppie lately published by M. Lambert nowe extaunt to be redde The Ordalian saith the aforesayd authour was a certaine maner of purgation vsed two wayes whereof the one was by fire the other by water In th execution of that which was done by fire the party accused shoulde go a certaine number of paces with an hote péece of yron in his hande or else bare footed vpon certaine plough shares redde hotte according to the maner This Iron was sometime of one pounde weight and then was it called single Ordalium sometimes of three then named treble Ordalium and whosoeuer did beare or treade on the same without hurt of his body he was adiudged giltlesse otherwyse if his skin were scorched he was foorthwith condemned as gylty of the trespasse wherof he was accused There were in lyke sorte two kinds of triall by y e water that is to say either by hote or colde in this tryall the partye thought culpeable was eyther tumbled into some pond or huge vessel of colde water wherein if he continued for a season without wrestling or strugling for lyfe he was foorthwyth acquited as giltlesse of the facte whereof hée was accused but if he beganne to plunge labor once for breath immediately vpon his falling into that lyqour he was by and by condemned as gilty of the crime Or else he did thurst his arme vp to the shoulder into a leade copper or Caldron of séething water from whence if he withdrewe the same without any maner of damage he was discharged of farder molestation otherwyse hée was taken for a trespasser and punished accordingly The fiery maner of purgation belonged onely to noble men and women and such as were frée borne but the husbandmen and villaines were tryed by water whereof to shewe the vnlearned dealing and blynde ignoraunce of those times it shall not bée impertiment to set foorth the whole maner which continued here in England vntill the time of King Iohn who séeyng the manifold subtilties in the same did extinguish it altogither as flat lewdenesse and bouerye The Rubrik of y e treatize entereth thus Here beginneth y e execution of Iustice whereby the giltie or vngiltie are tried by hote Iron TheÌ„ it followeth After accusatioÌ„ lawfully made and thrée dayes spent in fasting and prayer the Priest being cladde in all his holly vestâ—…es sauing his vestiment shall take the Iron layde before the alter with a payre of tongues and singing the himme of the thrée children that is to saye O all yée wookes of God the Lorde and in latine Benedicite omnia opera c. he shall cary it solemly to y e fire already made for y e purpose first say these words ouer the place where y e fire is kindled wherby this purgation shall bée made in latin as insueth Benedic domine deus locum istum vt sit nobis in eo sanitas sanctitas castitas virtê° et victoria et sanctimonia humilitas bonitas lenitas et plenitudo Legis et obedieÌ„tia deo patri et filio etspiritui sancto Hec Benedictio sit super hunc locum et super omnes habitantes in eo in English Blesse thou O Lorde this place that it may be to vs health holynesse chastity vertue and victory purenesse humilitie goodnesse gentlenesse and fulnesse of the lawe and obedience to God the father the sonne the holy ghost This blessing be vpon this place and all that dwel in it Then followeth the blessing of the fire Domine deus pater omnipotens lumen indeficiens exaudi nos quia tu es conditor omnium luminum Benedic domine hoc lumen quod aute sanctificatum est qui illuminasti omneÌ„ hominem venientem in hunc munduÌ„ vel mundum vt ab eo lumine accedamur igne claritatis tuae sicut igne illuminasti Mosen ita nunc illumina corda nostra et sensus nostros vt ad vitam eternam mereamur peruenire per christum c. Lord God father almightie light euerlasting heare vs sith y u art the maker of all lyghtes Blesse O Lord this light y t is already sanctified in thy sight which hast lightned all men that come into the worlde or the whole worlde to the ende that by the same lyght we may be lightned wyth the shining of thy brightnesse As thou diddest lighten Moyses so nowe illuminate our hearts and our senses that we may deserue to come to euerlasting lyfe thorowe Christ our c. Thys beyng ended let him saye the pater noster c. then these wordes Saluum fac seruum c. Mitte ei auxilium deus c. De Sion tuere eum c. Dominus vobiscuÌ„ c that is O Lorde saue thy seruant c. Sende him helpe O God froÌ„ thy holy place defende him out of Syon c. Lorde here c. The Lorde be with you c. The prayer Benedic domine sancte pater omnipotens deus per inuocationem sanctissimi nominis tui et per aduentum fihj tui atque per donum spiritus paracleti ad manifestaÌ„dum verum iudicium tuum hoc genus metalli vt sit sanctificatum et omni demonum falsitate procul remota veritas veri iudicij tui fidelibus
in all steades but chiefly in the Mountaynes where they be very hardly hunted howbeit arte hath deuised a meane to preuent their malice and to preserue theyr pultrie Certes there is almost no house that dothe not for certayne dayes cherishe vp a yong Foxe which the Scottes do call a Todde and then killing the same they mince the fleshe thereof amongst suche meate as they giue vnto their foules and other litle bestial and by this meanes so many foules and cattell as eate hereof are preserued from daunger of the Foxe almost by two monethes after so that they may wander whether they will for the Fores as it were winding or smelling the fleshe of their fellowes yet in their croppes will in nowise meddle with them but eschew and knowe suche a one although it were among an hundred of other In Scotland moreouer are Dogs of meruailous condition for beside the common nature and vniuersall properties of Dogges of all other countries there are three sortes with vs whiche are not seene elswhere in any quarter of the worlde The firste is an Hounde of greate swiftnesse hardinesse and strenght fierce and cruell vpon all wilde beastes egre against theeues that offer their Maisters any violence The second is a rache or hound very exquisite in followyng the foote which we call drawing whether it be of man or beast yea he will pursue any maner of foule and finde out whatsoeuer fish is cast vp or lurketh among the rockes by that excellent sence of smelling wherewith he is indued The thirde sorte is no greater than that of Raches in collour for the most parte red with blacke spots or els blacke and full of redde markes These are so skilfull that they will pursue a theefe or theefe stolen goodes in moste precise maner and finding the trespasser with great assuraunce they will make a rayse vpon him Or if it be so that he haue taken the water for his sauegarde he shrinketh not to follow him and entring and issuyng at the same places where the partie went in and out he neuer ceaseth to raunge til he haue nosed his footing and be come to the place wherein the theefe is shrowded The Dogges of this kinde are called Sleuthoundes Certes this report would seeme mere incredible excepte it were dayly had in experience vpon the borders of Englande and Scotland where pillage is good purchase indifferently on both sides There is a lawe also among the borderers in time of peace that who so denieth entraunce or sute of a Sleuthound in pursuyte made after fellons and stolen goodes shal be holden as accessary vnto the theft or taken for the selfe theefe Of foules suche as I meane as liue by pray there are sundry sortes in Scotlande as Egles Faucons Goshaukes Sparhaukes Marlions and such like but of water Foules there is so great store that the report thereof may seeme to exceede all credite There are other kindes of birdes also in this countrey the like of whiche is no where els to be seene as the Caperâ—…ailÈe or wilde Horse greater in body than the Rauen and liuing only by the 〈◊〉 and barkes of the Pine trees We haue in like maner many More cockes and Hennes whiche â—…steyning from corne do feede vpon nought els but the leaues of Cytisus whiche the Scottes do commonly call Hadder These two are very delicate in Eating The thirde sorte is reddish blacke of colour in quantitie comparable to the Phesaunt and no lesse delicious in taste and sauour at the table our countrey men call them wild Cockes and their cheese sustenaunce is by wheate Beside these we haue moreouer another foule in Mers more straÌ„ge and vncouth than all these afore mentioned called a Gustard fully so great as a Swanne but in colour of feathers and taste of fleshe little differing from a Partriche howbeit these byrdes are not very common neyther to be seene in all places suche also is their qualitie that if they perceiue their egges to haue bene touched in theyr absence by mans haÌ„d whiche lie commonly on the bare earth they forsake those nestes and lay in other places All other our foules are common to vs and other nations Salmon is more plentifull in Scotland than in any other region of the worlde and bicause the nature of this fish is strange I wil set downe somuch as I do knowe hereof at this present time as followeth The Salmon in Haruest time commeth vp into the small riuers where the water is moste shallow and there the male female rubbing their wombe one agaynst another they shedde theyr spawne which forthwith they couer with sand and grauell so depart away from henceforth they are gant sleÌ„der in apparance so leaue y t thei appeare nought els but skin bone therfore worthely sayd to be growne out of vse and season it is sayd also y t if they touche any of their full fellowes during the time of this theyr leannesse y e same side which they touched will likewise become leane whereby it coÌ„meth to passe that a SalmoÌ„ is oft seene to be fat on the one side of y e chyne leane on y e other But to proceede the aforesayd spawne milte being hidden in the sande as you haue heard in the next spring doth yeelde great numbers of litle frie but so neshe tender for a long time that till they come to be so great as a mans finger if you catch any of theÌ„ yon shal perceyue them to melt their substance to dissolue fade euen as if it were gelly or in sayd foorth against y e sunne FroÌ„ henceforth they go to the sea where within the space of xx dayes they grow to a marueylous greatnesse then returning againe toward the place of their generation they shew a notable spectacle not vnworthy to be considered of Certes in Scotlande there are many linnes or pooles whiche being in some places among the rockes very shallow aboue yet deepe beneath with the fall of the water thereto the Salmon not able to pearce thorow the Chanell either for swiftnesse of the course or depth of the discenâ—… of such water as coÌ„meth against him he goeth so neare vnto the side of the rocke or damme if I shall so call it as he may there aduentureth to leape ouer vp into the lin if he leape well at the first he abtaineth his desire if not he assayeth eftsoones the second or third time till he returne now into his couÌ„try a great fish able to swimme against the streame that before was a litle hod maâ—…gre his resistence caried with the violent course of the water into the mayne Ocean such as assay often to leape and cannot get ouer do broose theÌ„selues become Measelled others that happen to fal vpon dry land a thing often seene are taken by the people that watch their times in cawdrons of hote water which they set vpon the shallow dry plottes
thâ—… done by the battaile that went by the Sea 〈◊〉 and by them on the sea togither But here whatsoeuer Froissart doth report of the taking of this tower and of the yeelding of these two noble men it is to be proued y t the sayde Earle of Tankeruille was taken by one 〈◊〉 Legh aunceter to sir Peter Legh nowe being Peter Lâ—… whether in the fight or within the Tower I haue not to say but for the taking of the sayde Earle and for his other manlike prowes shewed here and else where in this iourney king Edwarde in recompence of his agreeable seruice gaue to him a Lordship in the countie of Chester called Hanley which the sayde sir Peter Ligh nowe leuing doth enioy and possesse as successor and heyre to his auncester the foresayd Ligh to whome it was so first giuen But to returne nowe to the matter where we left The Frenchmen beeing entred into theyr houses Caâ—… 〈◊〉 cast downe vpon the English men 〈◊〉 in the streetes stones tymber hote water and barres of yron so that they hurt and slue more than fiue hundred persons The king was 〈◊〉 moued therwith that if the L. God of Harecourt had not asswaged his mood the towne had bin burnt and the people put to the edge of the sworde but by the treatie of the sayd Lorde Godfray proclamation was made that no man shoulde put fire â—…nto any house nor slea any person nor force any woman and then did the townesmen and souldiers submit themselues and receâ—…ed the Englishe men into theyr houses There was great store of riches gotten in this towne â—…0000 cloâ—…es as Gio Villani wriâ—…th were got â—…y the English â—…en in one place and other in this â—…rney and the most part thereof sent into Englande with the fleete which the king sent home with the prisoners vnder the guiding of the Earle of Huntingdon accompanied with two hundred men of armes and foure hundred Archers When all things were ordred in Caen as the king could desire be marched from thence in the fame order as he had kept before burning and eâ—…fling the Countrey He passed by Gureur and came to Louiâ—…rs â—…iers which the Englishe men soone entred and sacked with out mercie Then went they forth and left Roane and came to Gysors Gisors the towne they burnt but the Castell they coulde not get they brent also Vernon Vernon and at Poyssy they repared the bridge whiche was broken and so there they passed ouer the riuer of Saine The power of the Englishe men increased dayly Gio. Villani by suche numbers as came ouer forth of Englande in â—…oâ—… to winne by pyllage Also many gentlemen of Normandie and other of the Frenche Nation which loued not the French king came to the king of Englande offring to serue him so that there were in his armie foure thousand horsmen and fiftie thousand footemen with the Normans and of this number there were .xxx. thousand Englishe Archers as Giouan Villani wryteth In the meane time had the French king assembled a mightie army vpon purpose to fyght with the English men The Lorde Godfrey of Harecourt as hee rode forth with fiue hundred men of armes and .xiij. hundred archers by aduenture encountered with a great number of the Burgesses of Amiens on horsebacke who were ryding by the kings commaundement to Paris They were quickly affayled and though they defended themselues manfully for a while yet at length they were ouercome and .xj. hundred of them slaine in the fielde beside those that were taken The Englishe men had all their caryage and armour Thus passed forth the king of England and came into Beauvoisyn 〈…〉 and lodged neare vnto the citie of Beauvois one night in an Abbey called Messene and for that after he was dislodged there were that set fire in the same Abbey without any commaundement giuen by him the caused .xx. Burners executed of them to be hanged hot were the firste procurers of that fyre So long the king of England passed forward that finally hee approched neare to the water of Some the which was large and deepe and al the bridges broken and the passages well kept whervpon he caused his two Marshals with a thousande men of Armes and two thousand archers to go along the riuer to the ende to finde some passage The Marshals assayed dyuerse places Piqueney as at Piqueney and other where but they could not finde any passage vnclosed Captaynes with men of warre being set to defende the same insomuch that the marshals returned to the king and declared what they had seene and founde The same instant time was the French king come to Amiens The French kings armie with mor than a hundred thousande men and thought to enclose the King of Englande that he shoulde no way escape but bee constrayned to receyue battaile in some place greatly to his disaduauntage The king of England well perceyuing himselfe in daunger remoued from the place where he was encamped and marched forwarde through the Countries of Ponthiew and Vimew approching to the good towne of Abuile and at length by one of the prisoners named Gobyn de Grace he was told where he might passe with his army ouer the riuer of Some at a fourâ—… in the same ryuir being hard in the bottom and very shallow at an ebbe water The French king vnderstanding that the king of England sought to passe the riuer of Some Sir Gormare du Foy. sent a great baron of Normandie one sir Godmare du Foy to defend the passage of the same riuer with a thousand men of armes sir thousand on foote with the Genewais Thys sir Godfrey had with him also a great number of them of Mutterell and others of the Countrey to that he had in all to the number of .xij. M. men one and other and hearing that the king of EnglaÌ„d was minded to passe at Blanchetaque which was the passage that Gobyn Agace had informed the king of Englande of he came thither Gobin a Grace When the English men approched he arranged all his companie to defend the passage And surely when the English men at the lowe water entred the fourde to passe ouer there was a sharpe bickering for diuerse of the Frenchmen encountred the Englishmen on horsebacke in the water and the Genewais did them much hurt and troubled theÌ„ sore with their crosbows but on the other side the English archers shot so wholy togither that the French men were faine to giue place to the English men The English men wan the passage ouer the water of Some so that they got the passage and came ouer assembling themselues in the field and then the Frenchmen fled some to Abuile some to S. Riquier They y t were on foot could not escape so wel as these on horseback insomuch that a great number of them of Abuile Muttrel Arras and of S. Riquier were slaine and taken for the chase
qualifiyng of sundry griefes as experience hath oft conffirmed The like vertues haue the other two but not in such measure and degrée and therefore their operation is not so spéedily perceyued The fourth and last place of our Bathes is a Citie in Sommerset shire which taketh his name of y e hote waters thereto be séene vsed At the first it was called Cairbledud not Cair Bledune as some woulde haue it for that is the olde name of y e auncient castel at Malmesbury which the Saxons named Yngleburne Ptolomy afterwaâ—…de called it Therme other Aquae solis but nowe it hight generally Bathe in Englishe vnder that name it is likely to coÌ„tinue The city of it self is a very auncieÌ„t thing no doubt as may yet appeare by dyuers notable antiquities ingraued in stone to be séene in the walles thereof And first of all betwéene the south gate and the west and betwixt the west gate and the north The first is the antique heade of a man made all flatte with great lockes of heire much like to the coine that I haue séene of Antius the Romaine The seconde betwéene the south the north gate is an ymage as I take it of Hercules for he helde in each hand a serpent so doth this Thirdely there standeth a man on foote with a sworde in his one hand a buckler stretched out in the other There is also a braunch that lyeth foulded wrethed into 〈◊〉 like to the wrouth of Aâ—…cimedon There are more ouer two 〈◊〉 Images wherof the one 〈…〉 the other beside sundrye antique 〈◊〉 with 〈◊〉 heire a greye hounde 〈◊〉 and aâ—… hys tayle certeine Romainâ—… 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 beâ—â—ced that no man liuing 〈…〉 this present There is 〈…〉 ymage of Lacâ—â—n inâ—…ironeâ—… with two serpents an other inscripâ—…ion and all thâ—…se betwéene the south and the west gates as I haue sayd before Now betwéene the west north gate are two inscriptions of which some 〈◊〉 are euident to be red the residue are 〈◊〉 defâ—…ced There is also y e ymage of a naked man a stone in like sort which hath cupâ—…dines et labruscas intercurrentes a table hauing at eche hand an ymage vâ—…ned 〈◊〉 florished both aboue beneath Finally sauing 〈◊〉 I sawe afterwarde the ymage of a naked man grasping a serpent in eache hand there was an inscription of a tombe or buriall wherein these wordes did plainely appeare vixit annos xxx but so defusedly written that letters stoode for whoâ—…e wordes and two or thrée letters combined into one Certes I will not saye whether these were set into the places where they nowe stande by the Gentiles or brought thither from other 〈◊〉 of the towne it selfe placed afterwarde in those walles in their necessary repâ—â—ations But howsoeuer y e matter standeth this is to be gathered by our hystories that Bladud first buylded that citie there and peraduenuenture might also kindle the 〈◊〉 vaines of purpose to burne continuallye â—…n the honour of Minerua by which 〈◊〉 y e springs thereabout did in processe of 〈◊〉 become hote not vnprofitable for sundry kinds of diseases Indéede the later Pagaâ—â—s dreamed that Mâ—…nerua 〈◊〉 y e chiefe goddes and gouernesse of these waters because of the néerenesse of hir temple vnto the same Solinus addeth furthermore Cap. 25. howe 〈…〉 hâ—…r sayde temple the fire which was continuallye kept did neuer consume into 〈◊〉 sparcles but 〈◊〉 as the embers the roof were colde they â—â—â—gealed into clots of hard stone all which I take to be nothing else theÌ„ the effecte of the aforesayde fyre of the Sulphurous vaine kindled in the earth from whence the waters doe come That these baches or waters are deriued from such the Marchasites stones mixed with some copper and daily founde vpon the mountaynes thereabout will beare sufficient witnesse though I would write the contrary Doctor Turner also the father of English Phisicke and an excellent Diuine supposeth that these springs doe drawe theyr forces from Sulphur or if their be any other thing mingled withall he gesseth that it shoulde be salt peter because he founde an obscure likelyhoode of y e same euen in the crosse Bath But that they participate w t any allume at al he could neuer til his dying day be induced to beleue I myght here if I thought it necessary intreat of y e notable scituation of Bath it self which standeth in a pleasant botome enuironed on euery side wyth great hylles out of the which come so many springs of pure water by sundrye wayes vnto the Citye and in such abundance as that euery house is serued with the same by pypes of leade the said metall being the plentious and lesse of value vnto them because it is had not far of from these quarters It should not be amysse also to speake of y e foure gates number of parish churches bridges religious houses dissolued and their founders if place doe serue therefore but for so much as my purpose is not to deale in this behalfe I will omit the mention of these thinges and go in hand wyth the Bathes themselues whereof in thys chapiter I protested to intreate Crosse Bath There are two springes of water as Lelande sayth in the west south west part of the towne whereof the biggest is called the crosse Bath of a certeine crosse that was erected sometime in the middest thereof This Bath is much frequented by such as are diseased with leapry pockes scabbes great aches yet of it selfe it is very temperate pleasaunt hauing a leuen or twelue arches of stone in the sydes thereof for men to stand vnder when rayne doth oughts annoy them Common Bathe The common Bathe or as some call it the hote Bathe is two hundreth foote or ther about from the crosse Bathe lesse in coÌ„passe within the wall then the other and with only seauen arches wrought out of the mayne inclosure It is worthily called y e hote Bath for at the first comming into it men thinke that it would scald their flesh and lose it froÌ„ the bone but after a season and that the bodyes of the commers thereto be warmed thorowlye in the same it is more tollerable easie to be borne Bothe these Bathes be in the middle of a little streate and ioyne to S. Thomas Hospitall so that it maye bée thought that Reginalde Byshop of Bathe made his house néere to these comon Baths onely to succour such poore people as shoulde resort vnto them Kinges Bathe The Kings Bathe is very faire and large standing almost in the middle of the towne at the west ende of the Cathedrall Church It is compassed about with a very high stone wall and the brimmes thereof are mureâ—… rounde about where in be two an thirtie arches for men and women to stande in seperately who beyng of y e gentry for the most part doe resort thither indifferently but not in such lasciuious sort 〈…〉 as vnto other Bathes
except they dyd growe naturally not by force I sée no cause why they shoulde be accounted for parcell of our coÌ„modities I might here take occasion to speke of the great sales yerly made of wood wherby an infinite deale hath béene destroyed within these few yeres but I giue ouer to deale in this behalfe howbeit thys I dare affirme that if wooddes doe go so fast to decay in the next hundred yeare of grace as they haue done are like to doe in this sometymes for increase of shepe walkes some maintaynaunce of prodigalitie pompe for I haue known a * This geÌ„tleman caught such an heate with this sore loade y t he was faine to go to Rome for phisicke yet it could not saue his life but he must néedes die home-wardes gentlemaÌ„ that hath borne thrée score at once in one paire of galigascoÌ„s to shew his streÌ„gth brauery it is to be feared that brome turfe gal heth firze brakes whinnes ling dies hassocks flags straw ledge réede rush seacole will be good marchaÌ„dize euen in the citie of LondoÌ„ whervnto some of them alreadie haue gotten readie passage taken vp their Innes in the greatest marchauntes parlers A man woulde thincke that our lawes were able ynough to make sufficieÌ„t prouision for y e redresse of this error and enormitie likely to insue but such is the nature of our country men y t as many lawes are made so they wil kepe none or if they be vrged to make aunswere they wyll rather séeke some crooked construction therof to the encrease of their priuate gaine then yelde themselfes willing to be guided by the same for a common wealth and profite so that in the ende whatsoeuer the lawe sayeth we will haue our willes whereby the wholesome ordinances of y e prince are contemned the trauaile of the nobilitie and counsellours as it were derided the common wealth impouerished and a tewe only inriched by this peruerse dealing whereas many thousande persons doe suner hinderance by this their crooked behauior whereby the wholesome lawes of the Prince are oft defrauded the good meaning maiestrate in consultation about the common wealth seduced I woulde wishe that I might liue no longer then to sée foure thinges in thys lande reformed That is the want of discipline in the church The couetous dealing of most of our marchants in the preferment of other countries hinderance of their owne The holding of faires markets vpon the sondaie to be abolished and referred to the wednesdayes And that euery man wyth in what soeuer soile enioyeth foure Acres of lande and vpwards after that rate either by frée déede or copple hold or fee farme might plant one Acre of wood or sow the same with mast beside that which remayneth already to be cherished kept But I feare me that I should then liue to long so long that I should eyther be weary of the worlde or the world of me yet they are not such things but they may easily be brought to passe Certes euery small occasion in my time is inough to cut downe a great woode euery trifle suffiseth to laye infinite Acres of corne ground vnto pasture As for y e taking downe of houses a small fine will beare out a great manye Woulde to God we might once take example of the Romaines who in restreint of superfluous grasinge made an exact limitation how many head of Cattel eche estate myght kéepe and what numbers of Acres shoulde suffise for that and other purposes neyther was woode euer better cherished or mancion houses maintained then by their lawes and statutes But what doe I meane to speake of these sith my purpose is onely to talke of woods â–ª well take this then for a final conclusion in woodes that within this fortie yeares we shall haue little newe Timber growing aboue two and fortie yeares olde for it is coÌ„monly séene that those yong staddles which we leaue standing at one and twenty yeres fal are vsually at the next sale cut downe without any daunger of the statute serue for fire bote if it please the owner to burne them Marises and Fenny Bogges we haue many in England but more in Wales 〈…〉 if you haue respect vnto the seuerall quantities of y e countries howbeit as they are very profitable in soÌ„mer half of the yere so are a number of them to small commoditie in the winter part as common experience doth teach yet this I find of many of these moores that in times past they haue béene harder grouÌ„d and sundrye of them well replenished wyth great woodes that now are voyde of bushes and for example hereof we maye sée the tryall besides the rootes that are daily found in the depes of Monemouth where turfe is digged also in Wales Abergeyny and Merioneth in sundry parts of Lancasshyre where the people go vnto this daye into their Fennes and Marises with long spittes which they dashe here and there vp to the verye cronge into the grounde in which practise a thinge commonly done in winter if they happen to smite vpon a trée or blocke they note the place and about haruest time when the ground is at the driest they come againe and get it vppe and afterwarde carrying it home applye it to their vses The lyke doe they in Shroppeshyre with fire woode which hath béene felled in olde time wythin seauen miles of Salop so me of them foolishlye suppose the same to haue lyen there sith Notes floud and other more fonde then the rest imagine them to growe euen in the places where they finde them without all consideration that in times past the most parte if not all Lhoegres and Cambria was generally replenished with woode which being felled or ouerthrowne vpon sundry occasions was left lying in some places still on the grounde and in procéesse of time became to be quite ouergrowen with earth and mouldes which mouldes wanting their due sadnesse are nowe turned into moory plots whereby it commeth to passe also that great plentye of water commeth betwéene the new loose swart and the olde hard earth that being drawne awaie might soone leaue a drie soyle to the great lucre and aduantage of the owner We find in our histories that Lincolne was sometime buylded by Lud brother to Cassibillane who called it Cair Ludcotte of the great store of woodes that enuironed the same but now the comodity is vtterly decayed there so that if ad were aliue againe in our time he woulde not call it his Citie in y e woode but rather his towne in y e plaines for the wood I say is wasted altogither about y e same the hils called y e Peke were in lyke sort named Menâ—…ith Câ—…it that is the wooddy hiles but howe much woode is now to bee séene in those places let him that hath béene there testifie if he liste for I hâ—… of none by such as trauayle that waye and thus much of woodes and marises and so
with hammers blowing of bellowces and such like whereof the superstitious sorte doe gather many toyes as the gentiles dyd in olde tyme of their lame God Vulcanes potte The riuer that runneth by Chester chaungeth hir chanel euery moneth the cause whereof as yet I cannot learne neyther doth swell by force of any lande floude but by some vehement winde it oft ouerrūneth hir banckes In Snowdony are twoo lakes whereof one beareth a mooueable Islande which is caryed to fro as the winde bloweth the other hath thrée kindes of fishes in it as éeles trowtes perches but herein resteth the woonder that all those haue but one eye a péece onely and the same scituate in the right side of their heades this I find to be confirmed by authours There is a Well in the forrest of Guaresborow whereof the sayd forrest doth take the name which in a certaine periode of time knowne cōuerteth wood flesh leaues of trées and mosse into harde stone without alteratiō or chaunging of shape The lyke also is séene there in frogges wormes and such lyke lyuing creatures as fall into the same find no ready issue Of this spring also Lelād writeth thus a litle aboue March but at the farder bank of Nidde ryuer as I came I sawe a Well of woonderfull nature called Dropping wel because the water thereof Distilleth out of great rockes harde by into it continuallye which is so colde and thereto of such nature that what thing soeuer falleth out of y e rocks into this pitte or groweth néere thereto or be cast into it by mans hande it turneth into stone It maye be saith he that some sand or other fine groūd issueth out w t this water from these harde rockes which cleauing vnto those thynges gyueth them in tyme the fourme of stone ▪ c. In parte of the hylles east southeast of Alderly a myle frō Kingeswoode are stones daily founde perfitly fashioned like cocles and mighty Oysters which some dreame to haue lyen there since y e floud In the cliftes betwéene the blacke heade and Trewardeth baie in Cornwal is a certeine caue where thinges appéere lyke ymages gilded on the sides of the same which I take to be nothing else but the shining of y e bright Ore of copper ther mettals redy at hād to be foūd ther if any diligēce were vsed Howbeit bicause it is marueled at as a rare thing I do not think it vnmete to be placed amōgst our woonders M. Guise had of late and styll hath for ought y t I knowe a maner in Glocester shyre where certeine okes doe grow whose rootes are verye harde stone And be syde thys the grounde is so fertyll there as they saye that if a man hews a stake of anye woode and pitche it into the grounde it wyll growe and take rooting beyond all expectation Is it any woonder think you to tel of sundrye caues néere vnto Browham on the west side of the ryuer Aymote wherein are halles chambers and al offices of houshold cut out of the harde rocke If it be then maye we increase the number of marueyles very much by the rehearsall of other also for wée haue many of y e like nere as of to s Asaphes vpō the bank of Elwy and about the head of Vendrath vehan in Wales whereinto men haue often entered and walked yet founde nothing but large rowmes sandy ground vnder their féete and other elsewhere But sith these thinges are not strange I let them alone and go forward with the rest In the paryshe of Landsarnam in wales and in the side of a stony hil is a place wherin are foure and twentye seates hewen out of the harde rockes but who did cut them to what ende as yet it is not learned As for the huge stone that lyeth at Pember in Guythery parish and of the notable carkas that is affirmed to lye vnder the same there is no cause to touch it here yet were it well done to haue it remooued though it were but onely to sée what it is which the people haue in so greeat estimation reuerence There is also a poole in Logh Taw among y e black mounteines in Breknocke shyre where as some saye is the head of Taw that commeth to Swansey which hath such a property that it will bréede no fishe at all and if any be cast into it they dye without recouerye There is also a Linne in Wales which in the one side beareth trowtes so redde as samons and on the other which is the westerlye side very white and delicate There is a Well not farre from stonye Stratforde which conuerteth many things into the stone and another in Wales which is sayde to double or trible the force of any edge toole that is quenched in the same In Tegeuia a percell of Wales there is a noble Well I meane in the parysh of Kilken which is of marueilous nature for although it be sixe myles from the Sea it ebbeth and floweth twise in one daye alwayes ebbyng when the sea doth vse to flowe in flowing likewise when the sea doth vse ebbe whereof some doe fable that this Well is lady mysterys of the Oceane Not far from thence also is a medicinable spring called Schynaunt of olde time but nowe Wenefrides Wel in the edges wherof doth bréede a very odoriferous and delectable mosse wherewith the heade of the smeller is marueylouslye refreshed Other Welles we haue lykewise which at some times burst out into huge streames though at other seasons they run but very softly whereby the people gather some alteratiō of estate to be at hand Some of the greater sort also giue ouer to runne at all in such times whereof they conceyue the like opinion What the foolish people dreame of the hell Kettles it is not worthy the rehersall yet to the ende the lewde opinion conceyued of them maye growe into contempt I will say thus much also of those pits Ther are certeine pittes or rather thrée litle poles a myle from Darlington and a quarter of a myle distant from the These bankes which y e people call the Kettes of hell or the deuils Ketteles as if he shoulde sée the soules of sinfull men and women in them they adde also that the spirites haue oft béene harde to crye and yell about them wyth other like talke sauouring altogether of pagane infidelitye The truth is of this opiniō also was Cuthbert Tunstall Byshop of Durham that the Colemines in those places are kindled or if there be no coles there may a mine of some other vnctuous matter be set on fire which beyng here and there consumed the earth falleth in and so doth leaue a pitte In déede the water is nowe and then warme as they saye and beside that it is not cléere the people suppose them to be an hundred faddame déepe the byggest of them also hath an issue into the These But ynough of these woonders least I doe séeme
tuis manifesta fiat per eundem dominum c. in Englishe Blesse we beséech thée O Lorde holy father euerlasting God â–ª thorowe the inuocation of thy most holy name by the comming of thy sonne and gyft of the holy ghost and to the manifestation of thy true iudgement this kinde of mettall that being hallowed and all fraudulent practises of the deuils vtterly remooued the manifest truth of thy true iudgement maye be reuealed by the same Lorde Iesus c. After this let the yron be layde into the fyre and sprinckled with holy water and whilest it heateth let the Priest go to masse and doe as order requireth and when he hath receiued the host he sâ—…d call the man that is to be purged as it is written hereafter first adiuring him and then permitting hym to communicate according to the maner The Office of the masse Iustus es domine c. O Lord thou art iust c. The Prayer ABsolue quesumus domine delicta famuâ—…li tui vt a peccatorum suonim nexibus quae pro sua fragilitate contraxit tua benignitate liberetur in hoc iudicio quoad meruit iustitia tua praeueniente ad veritatis ceâ—…suram peruenire mereatur per Christum dominum c. That is â–ª Pardon wée beséech thée O Lorde the sinnes of thy seruaunt that being deliuered from the burden of his offences wherewith he is intangled he may be cleared by thy benignitie and in thys hys tryal so farre as he hath deserued thy mercy preuenting him he maye come to the knowledge of the truth by christ our Lorde c. The Gospell Mar. 10. IN illo teÌ„pore cum egressus esset Iesus in via procurrens quidaÌ„ genu flexo ante eum rogabat eum dicens Magister bone quid faciam vt vitam eternam percipia Iesus autem dixit ei quid me dicis bonum c. In those dayes when Iesus went foorth towarde hys iourney one méeting in him the way runningâ—… knéeling vnto him asked him saying God Maister what shal I doe that I may possesse eternall lyfe Iesus sayd vnto him why callest y u me good c. Then followeth the secrete and so foorth all of the rest of the masse But before the partye doth communicate the Pryest shall vse these wordes vnto hym Adiuro 〈◊〉 per patrem filium spiritum sanctum per veram christianitatem quam suscepisti per sanctas relliquias quae in ista eeclesiasuâ—… per baptismum quo te sacerdos regeneraâ—… vt non presumas vllo modo communiâ—…aâ—… neque accedere ad altare si hoc fecisti aut coÌ„sensisti c. I adiure thee by the Father the sonne and the holy Ghost by the true christendome which thou hast receyued by the holly relliques which are in this Church and 〈◊〉 the baptisme wherewith the Priest hath regenerated thée that thou presume not by any maner of meanes to communicate nor come about the aultar if thou hast done or consented vnto thys whereof thou art accused c. Here let the Priest suffer him to communicate saying Corpus hoc sanguis domini nostri Iesu Christi sit tibi ad probatiouâ—… hodie Theâ—… yet 〈◊〉 This body this bloud of our Lord Iesus Christ be vnto thée a tryall this daye â–ª The prayer Perceptis domine deus noster sacris muneribus supplices deprecamur vt huius participatio sacramenti a proprijs nos reatibus expediat in famulo tuo veritatis sententiam declaret c. Hauing receaued O Lord God these holy misteries we humbly beséeche thée that the participation of thys sacrament maye rydde vs of our guiltynesse and in this thy seruaunt set foorth the truth Then shall followe Kyrieleson the Letanye and certayne Psalmes and after all them Oremus Let vs praye Deus qui per ignem signa magna ostendens Abraham puerum tuum de incendio Chaldeorum quibusdam pereuntibus eruisti Deus qui rubum ardere ante conspectum Moysis minime comburi permisisti Deus qui de inceÌ„dio fornacis Chaldaicis plerisque succensis tres pueros tuos illesos eduxisti Deus qui incendio ignis populum Sodomae inuoluens Loth famulum tuuÌ„ cum suis salute donasti Deus qui in aduentu sancti spiritus tui illustratione ignis fideles tuos ab infidelibus decreuisti OsteÌ„de nobis in hoc prauitatis nostrae examine virtuteÌ„ eiusdem spiritus c. Et per ignis huius feruorem discernere infideles vt a tactu eius cuiê° inquisitio agitur conscius exhorrescat manus eius comburatur innocens vero poenitus illaesus permaneat c. Deus cuius noticiam nulla vnquam secreta effugiunt fidei nostrae tua bonitate responde presta vt quisquis purgandi se gratia hoc ignitum tulerit ferrum vel absoluatur vt innocens vel noxius detegatur c. in Englishe thus O God which in showing great tokens by fire diddest deliuer Abraham thy seruaunt froÌ„ the burnyng of y e Chaldeis whilest other perished O god whiche susseredst the bushe to burne in y e sight of Moyses yet not to consume O God which deliueredst the thrée childreÌ„ froÌ„ bodily harme in the Fornace of the Chaldies whilest dyuers were consumed O God which by fyre diddest wrap the people of Sodome in their destruction and yet sauedst Lot his daughters from peryll O God which by the shyning of thy brighnesse at the comming of the holly ghost in likewyse of fire diddest seperate the faithfull from such as beléeued not shew vnto vs in y e tryall of this our wickednesse the power of the same spirit c. And by y e heate of this fire descerâ—…e the faithful from the vnfaithfull that the giltie whose cause is nowe in tryall by touching thereof maye tremble and feare and his hande be burned or beyng innocent that he maye remaine in safety c. O God froÌ„ whom no secretes are hidden let thy goodnes answere to our faith graunt that whosoeuer in thys purgation shall touch and beare thys Iron may either be tryed an innocent or reuealed as an offeÌ„der c. After this the Priest shall sprynckle the Iron wyth Holly water saying The blessing of God the Father the Sonne and the Holy ghost be vpon this Iron to the reuelation of the iust iudgement of God And foorthwith lette hym that is accused beare it by the length of nyne foote and then lette his hande be wrapped and sealed vppe for the space of three dayes after thys yf anye corruption or rawe fleshe appeare where the Iron touched it lette him be condemned as guiltie yf it be whole and sounde let hym giue thankes to God And thus much of the fierye Ordalia wherevnto that of the water hath so precyse relation â–ª that in setting foorth of the one I haue also described the other wherefore it shall be but in vaine to deale any farder withall Hetherto also as I
the other ende is fastned to a great ancre whiche is let fall of purpose into the sea and thus is their enterprise attempted ere long to be atchieued For after this wounde it is not long ere the fishe awaketh who feeling hir selfe to be hurt leapeth at once into the sea thinking to hide and shrowde hir in the deepes but being stayed by the weight of the ancre and indeuouring in vayne to breake the cable she laboureth so vehemently that at the last she windeth hirselfe out of hir skinne for the which she is commonly taken and soone after also turneth vp hir belly yeelding hir life vnto the waues and hyr body to the Mariners who make an excellent oyle of hir greace and passing strōg cables of hir hide or skinne Certes such is the force of Rope made of the skinne of this fishe that they will holde at a plunge no lesse than the Spanishe Sparto Herein also they exceede y e same in that they will continue very long without fretting asunder An hundred miles beyond the Orchades are the Schetland Iles whose chiefe commodities stande onely by fish which is dried in the sunne There are brought also into Scotland out of these Ilandes great store of Sheepes felles oxe hides Goate skins cases of Martirnes dryed in the sunne And in the same maner the Marchaunts of Hollande Zeelande and Germany fetch them yearely by barter and exchaunge for other common and necessary wares with the people of that nation who for maners and conditions resemble much the Orchanois The same in like sorte that is sayde of the Orchanoys concerning drunkennesse and frenesy is verified on them as is also their length of lyfe although not in so rare maner Sith these in steede of strong Ale content themselues with water and very slender diet Beyōd the Sche◅landes there are diuers other Ilandes of lyke condition but without corne and all maner of fleshe to feede vpon These dry their fishe at the Sunne and when they are thorowe stiffe they grinde them to smal powder which they worke vp with water into loaues and so vse the same in lieu of other bread Theyr firing consisteth of the boanes of suche fishes as they take and yet they content themselues in suche maner with this their poore kinde of lyueloode that they shinke their estate most happy in respect of such as inhabite in the Maine Certes there is no quareelling amongst these for wealth or gaine but eche one prouideth suche store of fishe in Somer whiche he taketh himselfe as shall finde his family or keepe his house in winter They are voyde of all ambitious m◅de neuer troubled with ciuile or forren wardes as men that deeme firme peace and quitenesse with mutuall loue and amity to be the chiefe felicity to be sought for in this life and to remaine herein ech one to his power dothe shewe his whole indeuour This finally is to be added vnto their cōmendation that they are simple playne voyde of crafte and all maner of Serpentine suttlety whiche endeth commonly with mischiefe and reigneth in the Maine Once in the yeare there commeth a Priest vnto them from Orkenay of whiche Diocesse they are who ministreth vnto them the Sacrament of Baptisme and after a certayne tyme hauing taken vp in the meane time his Tithes in fishe whiche is their sole increase and very truly payde he returneth home againe the same way that he came If any giftes of nature are to be numbred as parcelles of worldly riches and renowne they are not without these also for the people of these Iles are lusty fayre strong of body and highe of stature so y e nature hath not fayled to indue them with these things and that in most excellent maner What should I say of their helth whiche is and may be preferred aboue all treasure as they well know that are oppressed with long and grieuous infirmities for here among these men you shall very seldome heare of sicknesse to attache any vntill extreame age come that killeth them altogither and this is that exceeding benefit naturally appropried vnto their rareases As for their quietnesse of minde it is alwayes suche as is constant vnchaungeable and therefore incomparable vnto any riches or huge masse of worldly treasure Herevnto furthermore if it be true riches as it is in deede for ech one not to couet other mēs gooddes but to content himself with that which is his owne and not to stande in neede of any thing can any men be founde in any other region more riche and fortunate than the Shetland men and these Ilanders Finally if those be the true honors and reuerent dueties whiche the obedient sonne with greate sincerity and voyde of all flattery doth shewe vnto his good parents and wherewithall the best sort do meruaylously reioyce and delite themselues that these are also not wanting in these regions can we iustly say that these mē do lacke any thing or shall we not rather affirme with great assurance that they rather stand in neede of nothing that any mortal man can iustly wish or desire◅ But if there be any man that will accuse me of vntruth in the recitall of these things as one that lieth lowde and by authoritie of a people dwelling far off for so much as I my selfe was neuer in those Ilandes he shal vnderstand that I learned all these things of the reuerent father Edward Bishop of the Orchades with whom one of these Ilanders dwelled who not onely made a like rehearsall of these things with his owne mouth but also verified the same in his owne person for his height farre passed the cōmon stature of men thereto he was excellently well featured in his limmes so white of skinne ouer all that he might contend in beauty with any lady of the lande finally so wight strōg of body that no man in all those quarters durst rūne or wrestle with him Hereby also we may see how far they are deceyued whiche iudge thē to be barbarous miserable creatures that inhabite far from the Tropike lines for there are no people more happy than those that dwell in these quarters as I haue proued already See Matthiolus vpon the first booke of Dioscorides capite de populo alba nigra Furthermore among the rockes cragges of these Iles groweth the delectable Amber called Electrum Chrysolectrū or as Dioscorides hath Pterygophoron indued with so vehemēt an attractiue force y t being chafed it draweth straw floxe and other like light matter vnto it This gumme is ingendred of the sea froth whiche is throwen vp by continuall repercussion of crags rockes against the sea walles through perpetual working of y e waues groweth in time to become tough as glew til it fall at y e last from y e rocke againe into the sea Suche as haue often viewed marked the generation of this gūme whilest it hāgeth on y e rocke affirme it to be like a froth
e onseâ—… so fiercely vpoÌ„ those Saxons that at the firste slaying Cutha Ceulines sonne with a great number of other they easily distressed and put the residue to flight Aydan would not suffer his men to pursue to farre in the chase The triuÌ„phant ioy made by the Scots and Brytons vpon their newe victorie but called them backe by the sounde of a trumpet who being assembled herewith about theyr standerds made suche ioye and triumphe as greater coulde not bee deuised what with dauncing singing and playing on pipes and other instrumentes according to the manner in those dayes But as they were thus in the middes of their chiefest myrth sodenly appeared the Saxons Pictes The Saxons and Pictes whiche were with Ethelfred Brudeus approching towardes them in good order of 〈◊〉 tell with whom were also the residue of the west Saxons that had escaped froÌ„ the late bickering The soden feare of the Scots Picts after all their great ioy and triumphing Wherevpon the Scottes and Brytons amazed with the sight hereof were sodenly striken out of countenaunce in somuche that Aydan went amongst them and with a bolde countenaunce exhorted them to remember how valiantly they had alreadie put to flight the other of theyr enimies so that there was great hope for assured victorie of these likewise Aydan exhorted his men to manfulnesse if they would now shewe the like maÌ„ly courage against them as they had shewed before in assayling the other Many other wordes hee vsed in admonishing them to fight manfully till the onset giuen by the enimies caused him to make an end The Saxons layde about them so stoutly in the beginning that they forced their aduersaries The Saxons fight stoutly with whom they were matched to giue backe Neyther did Ethelfred fayle in that occasion to encourage them to follow the aduauntage nowe thus gotten Ethelfred Brudeus with his Picts likewise made great slaughter in that wing of the Scottes Brudeus king of the Pictes maketh slaughter of the Scots with the whiche hee encountred so that finally the same Scottes perceyuing the Brytons beaten downe and sore distressed on their side fell through discomfort thereof to renning away The Scottes runne away There were slaine in this battel on the Scottishmens side Brennius lieutenant or as they termed him the Thane of the Isle of Man with Dungarre the kings thirde sonne and no small number of other Gentlemen beside The king himselfe escaped by helpe of his sonne who staying to get his father out of the prease was slaine as is sayde amongst the residue On the Saxons side there was slaine Theobald Edelfredes brother and Cutha the king of West Saxon his sonne as before ye haue heard with a great number of other Ethelfred loste one of his eyes Brudeus hurt in the thigh Ethelfred himself lost one of his eyes Brudeus the Pictishe king was hurt in the thigh and besides this he loste a great multitude of his people Thus Edelfred hauing got suche a notable victorie at Deglastone in Brytaine Deglaston the place where this battell was fought hee coulde not be so contented but eftsoones assembling his people and ioyning againe with Brudeus and his Pictes Galloway inuaded by Edelfred the next sommer after inuaded Galloway and beganne to robbe and spoyle that countrey to the end he might eyther enforce the inhabitauntes with other the countreys nexte therevnto adioyning to yeelde vnto him eyther els to bring them into extreeme pouertie in wasting all afore him But Aydan being aduertised hereof sente to the Brytons for theyr couenaunted ayde and comming forewarde with his owne people whiche hee had assembled togither ouerthrew certayne companyes of his enemyes Certaine companies of Saxons ouerthrowen as he found them dispersed abroade in seeking for prayes then passing by their mayne armie he commeth into Annandale where he ioineth with the Brytons beyng come so farre forward on their way to meete him The Saxons and Pictes hauing knowledge of their enemies doings wanne suche a place of aduantage as they thoughte it an easye matter for them in keeping the same to distresse both the Scottes and Brytaynes through stopping vp the passages by the whiche they must of force passe if they mynded to come foorth of that dale These passages lay through certayne quicke-sands Passages thorow Sulleway sandes and by a ryuer which had but few foordes passable The Scots and Brytaynes perceyuing how they were thus enclosed with all speede trenched their camp about reysing certayne bulwarkes and turrets in places where they thought expedient as though they had meante still there to haue continued The diligence of king Aydan in prouiding to resist his enimies Aydan him selfe tooke suche paynes in seeyng euery thing done in due order that his people moued more through his ensample than by any exhortation were most diligent in their dueties desirous of nothing so much as to haue occasion ministred to shewe some proofe of their woorthy valiauncies At length when the enemies were most at quiet and as was supposed nothing in doubt of any attempt to be made by the Scots and Brytons The Scots and Brytons dislodge in the night season leauing a great number of fyres in their campe they sodenly dislodged and passing the water by secret fourdes they entred into Cumberland and so after passing into Northumberland The Scots and Brytons enter into NorthuÌ„berland they wasted and destroyed with fyre and sword all that came within theyr reach The report of which their doings brought Edelfred and Brudeus backe into that countrey to resist theyr inuasion neither resting day nor night till they had got sight of their enimies The next day the souldiers on bothe sides requiring battell The fight betwixt Scots and Brytons on the one side and SaxoÌ„s Picts on the other togither they go with great noise and dinne bothe of men and instrumentes To much hardinesse in the Saxons caused no small number of them to be slayne rather choosing to die with reputation of manhoode than to giue backe neuer so little ground to the enimie Thus the battell continued for a space right doubtfull whiche way the victory would incline On the Brytons and Scottish mens side there were foure chiefe rulers amongst them beside Aydan himselfe as Constantius and Alencrinus Bretons Callan and Mordock Scottish men Eche of these taking a seuerall charge vpon him did earnestly apply their vttermost endeuers therein encouraging their bandes to put away all cowardly feare and manfully to sticke to their tackle sithe by victory there was hope of eternall fame beside suertie of life and aduauncement to the common wealth of their countrey where otherwise they might looke for nothing but the contrary mishaps as shame rebuke and importable seruitude so that the Scottish men and Brytons incouraged herewith preassed vpoÌ„ the enimies so fiercely The Saxons Pictes discoÌ„fited chased that at length aswell the Saxons as
coupled in mariage with Henry and Richard the sonnes of king Iohn vpon this paction and couenaunt that if the one dyed the other should succede to the crowne For the whiche it was couenanted that king William should giue a right large dower Also the castell which king Iohn had builded and king William rased it was agreed that it should remayne so defaced and neuer after again to be repaired For the sure performance of these articles thus betwixt the two kings coÌ„cluded nine noble men of Scotlande were appointed to be deliuered as hostages vnto king Iohn Scottishe hostages deliuered to kyng Iohn In that assemblie there at Yorke king William also surrendred into the haÌ„ds of king Iohn the landes of Cumberlande A surrender made to a vse Huntington and Northumberland to the intent he shuld assigne those landes again vnto his sonne prince AlexaÌ„der and he to do homage for the same according to the maner and custome in that case prouided for a knowlege and recognition that those lands were holden of the kings of Englande as superiour lordes of the same During the aboade of these two kynges at Yorke there was brought vnto them a chylde of singular beautie sonne and heire to a GentlemaÌ„ of great possessions in those parties beeing sore vexed with diuers and sundry diseases for one of his eies was consumed and lost through an issue which it had of corrupt and filthie humours the one of his handes was dryed vp the one of hys feete was so taken that he had no vse therof and his toung likewise that he could not speake The Physitions that sawe him thus troubled with suche contrary infirmities iudged him incurable A child healed by king Willyam Neuerthelesse king William making a crosse on him restored him immediatly to helth By reason wherof manie beleeued that this was done by miracle thorough the power of almightie God y t the vertue of so godlie a prince might be notified to the worlde After his returne from Yorke into Scotland Churches endowed by K. William he endowed the churches of Newbottell Melros holie Rood house Dunfermling and Abirdene with many faire possessions as the Letters patentes made thereof by him beare manifest testimonie He also erected one new bishops see called Argyle The erection of the sea of Argyle giuing therto sufficient landes towards the mayntenance and sustentation thereof After this coÌ„ming vnto the towne of Bertha he had not remayned there many dayes The towne of Bertha drowned by inundation but that there chaunced such a floud by reason of the rising inundation of the two riuers Taye and Almound that through violence of the streame the towne walles were borne downe and muche people in the town drouned ere they could make anye shifte to saue themselues The king in daunger of drowning in so muche that though the king wyth his wyfe and the moste parte of his familie escaped oute of that greate danger and ieopardie his yongest sonne yet named Iohn with his nourse and .xij. other women perished .xx. other of his seruantes beside Iohn the kinge sonne is drowned Here was heard such clamour noyse and lamentable cryes as is vsed in tyme when anye towne is sodenly taken and surprised by the enimies for as the common Prouerbe witnesseth fyre and water haue no mercie and yet of these two water is more terrible and daungerous for there is no force or witte of man able to resiste the violence of inundations wher they sodeynly breake in King William after that the towne of Bertha was thus destroyed and ouerflowed wyth water The towne of Perth buylded began the foundation of an other towne which was after called Perth by a man of that name that oughte the grounde where the same towne was buylded Furthermore to aduaunce the dignitie and augmentation of this towne Freedomes granted to the town of Perth the king graunted sundry beneficial priuiledges and freedoms therto that it myghte the sooner ryse in rychesse and wealth The first foundation thereof was layde after the incarnation of our Sauiour 1210. yeares but the name was chaunged afterwardes and called Saint Iohns towne Saint Iohns towne which name it beareth euen vnto this day Gothred moued a rebellioÌ„ in Cathnes About the same time there rose eft soones new trouble in Cathnes for one Gothred the sonne of MakuilÈem of whose rebellion ye haue heard before spoyled with often incursions and rodes the Countrey of Rosse and other boundes there aboutes His companie encreaseth His companie encreased dayly more and more by repayre of such number of Rebelles as came vnto him oute of Lochquhaber and the Westerne Iles. The Earles of Fife Athol sent agaynst him King William to represse these attemptes sent forth the Earles of Fife and Atholl with the Thane of Buthquhane hauing sixe thousande in their companie the which encountering with the enimies in set battail The Rebelles ouerthrowne Gothred taken and beheaded gaue them the ouerthrow and taking Gothred their chiefe Captaine prisoner brought him vnto the king who caused both him and diuerse other which were likewise taken prisoners to lose their heades Gothred himselfe was sore wounded before he was taken so that if his takers had not made the more speede in the conueying of him to the king he had dyed of his hurtes before execution had thus beene done on him accordingly as was appoynted The dissentioÌ„ betwixt the Pope and king Iohn About this tyme rose the dissention and variance betwixt Iohn King of Englande and Pope Innocent the thirde for that the Englishe Cleargie refused to ayde the sayde Iohn wyth suche summes of money as hee demaunded of them The cause Shortly after William king of Scotlande worne with long age departed out of this world at Striueling The death of K. William in the lxxiiij yeare of his age and in the .xlix. yeare of his raigne and after the incarnation of Christ .1214 yeares 1214 He was buryed in Aberbrothak before the high aulter within the Quiere The yeare afore his death two Comets or blasing starres appeared in the Month of March right terrible to behold Two blasing starres y e one did shine before the rysing of the Sunne and the other before the going downe thereof The yeare next following there was a Cow in Northumberlande that calued a right monstruous Calfe A monstrous Calfe for the head and necke resembled a verie Calfe in deede but the residue of the bodye was like to a Colte Two Moones In the Winter after there were seene also two Moones in the Fyrmament the one beeing seuered from the other and in shape naturally hoâ—…ned as yee see the Moone in hir encreasing or waâ—…ning King William in his life time founded the Abbay of Balmernocht The Abbay of Balmernocht founded but his wife Queene Ermengard endowed it with landes and possessions after his deceasse In the .xlvj. yeare of this
in pasture or corne to be impounded 181.79 Beauclerke Henry created Kyng of England 261.16 Beauclearke Henrye marrieth Maude sister to K. Edgar 261.24 Beauclerke Henries issue by Maude 261.34 Beauford Iohn Erle of Somerset 248. 30 Beda cited 154.98 Beda cited 17.69 Belles melted in the Steeples by fire 297.64 Benefices bestovved after Floddō field in Scotland 426.109 Bercklay Thomas Knight sent into Scotlande vvith a greate povver 346.45 Berklay Dauid knight slain 352.26 Bertha drovvned by inundation of vvaters 280.87 Beuerley saued from the spoyle of the Scottes for a summe of money 324.69 Bible in Englishe published vniuersally through the Realme of Scotland 458.65 Bishop Thomas 461.5 Bishop Thomas sent by the Earle of Lennox to the King of Englande to aduertise the King of his proceedings 463.66 Bishop Thomas of Vtheltree forfalted in Scotlād by acte of Parliamente and all his landes and goodes giuen and annexed to the Crovvne 464.100 Bishops seat of Candida Casa first instituted 94.113 Bishops trauell betvvixt the Britaines and Picts to bring them to communication of peace 133.65 Bishops sea planted at Dunkelde 137. 49 Bishops sea at Abimethy translated to Saint Andrevves 182.18 Beringonium looke Castell of Beringonium Bishops vvithout any certain Dioceses 182.28 Bishoppes and ordinaries to haue authoritie to looke to all mennes faith as vvell of them that are publique as priuate 1◅2 20 Bishops sea of Abirden vvher first erected 232.27 Bishops seas restored and nevvly erected by Malcolme 257.20 Bishopprickes erected by Dauid the first 263.91 Bishops of Scotland summoned to a Conuocation at Northampton 275.56 Bishoppes Sea at Arguile erected 280. 81 Bishop a Scottishman richly revvarded by King Henrye the eyght 474.16 Bissare Iohn and VValter Bissart banished the Realme 286.37 Biron Chapelle Monster a french Captaine 477.23 Brudus chosen K. of Pictes 170.24 Blacke Prince taketh the King of France and his sonne prisoners 353. 73 Blacke Agnes of Dunbar 345.22 Blacke den or Diuels den 190.58 Blacke houre 381.4 Blacke Friers sent into Scotlande 285. 50 Blacke Parliament 322.67 Bladus King of Orkney sleyeth himselfe 26.46 Blasphemy and svvearing notably punished 199.80 Blasphemers to haue their tungs cut out 180.113 Bloudy custome of Scottes 17.23 Bloudy bickering for a Greyhoūd 80. 26 Boares tuskes of exceeding bignes 262.88 Boartinke landes vvhy so called 262. 86 Boclough Lord comming to assist King Iames the fifth vvith a povver .438 is discomfited and put to flight 438.73 Bogdale vvherof so named 99.74 Boyd Thomas Barle of Arrane in the Kings displeasure 400.26 Boyd Thomas Earle of Arrane diuorced from his vvife 400.37 Boyd Thomas Earle of Arrane being cited refuseth to appeare 400. 97 Boyd Thomas Earle of Arrane fleeth into Englande and from thence into Denmarke 400.104 Boyd Thomas Earle of Arrane murthered 401.11 Bonifacius Quirinus a godly precher commeth into Scot. 144.10 Bonifacius Quirinus buildeth many Churches in Scotlād 144.27 Bonifacius Quirinus dyeth in Rosse 144.75 Booke called Regia Maiestas 238 Bookes of Chronicles and other Scottish matters burnt 308.59 Borderers desirous of vvarre .356 line 124 Borthvvike Iohn accused of heresie condemned and his picture burned 446.41 Boundes betvveene England and Scotland in the dayes of VVilliam Cōquerour and Malcolme 255. 58 Bounds of the Scottish kingdome 182. 41 Bouchetell Guillame Knight .480 line 86 Bovves Robert Knight takē personer and deteyned in Scotlād 447.88 .474 97 Bovves Robert knight sent home out of Scotlande into Englande 458. 34 Bourgh vnder Stanemore sacked by the Scottes 321.115 Boyd Thomas Knight slaine .386 line 94 Boys Alexanders vvife and hyr aduentures 308.10 Bracehara a Citie in Po◅tingale builded 2.27 Brayes a point of land in Angus 214. 61 Brechin vvith the Churche there destroyed by the Danes 234.5 Bredus inuadeth the Scots vvith a povver of Irishmen 27.54 Bredus Shippes burned 27.60 Bredus and his povver vanquished 28.3 Bredus brother to Gilchrist .276 line 60 Brek Simon a valiant Scot sente for into Ireland 5.31 Brek crovvned King of Scottes in the marble seate 5.41 Brek first King of Scots in Irelād 5. 45 Brek brought the marble seate into Ireland 5.38 Brek dyeth 5.58 Bren and Cornelius heads of a faction in Ireland 196.13 Bren and his army slaine and chased 196.67 Brenna daughter to the Kyng of Mertia 168.54 Brenna married vnto tvvo brothers 168.55 Brennius Lieutenaunte or the Thane of the I le of Man slain 140. 88 Brezey Pierce sent into Englande vvith an army to aide K. Henry the sixt againste Edvvarde the fourth 398.107 Brezey Pierce besieged by Englishmenne and rescued by the Scottes 399.16 Bridge ouer Dee nigh Aberdene builded 429.31 Bright Starre like a Comete appeareth in the Skie 413.86 Britaines driuen from their seates by the Pictes 6.23 Britaines mislike the Scottes and Pictes alliance 6.62 Britains practise to set discord betvvene the Picts and Scots 6.72 Britaines sende Ambassadours to the Picts 6.93 Britaines and Picts come againste the Scottes 7.83 Britains purposed to destroy both Picts and Scottes 8.9 Britaines treason reuealed vnto Fergusius 8.13 Britaines reputed cōmon enimies both to Scottes and Pictes 9.3 Britains rob both Scots and Picts to set them at discord 9.50 British armye put to flight by the Scottes and Picts 9 Britaines require peace of the Scottes and Pictes 10.9 Britaines inuade the Pictes 15.74 Britaines inuade the Scottes .16 line 18 Britaines discomfited by the Scots and Pictes 17.51 Britaines proude for repulsing the Romanes 28.63 Britaines refuse ayde againste the Romaynes at their seconde cōming 28.72 Britaines vanquished by the Romaines 28.85 Birth of our Sauioure Christe .31 line 32 Britaines vveeried through trauel and hunger 33.90 Britaines leuie an army against the Ronmines 39.10 Britaines pardoned for their Rebellion 36.16 British lavves abrogated in Britaine and the Romaine established 36.23 Britaines eftsoones rebell 39.1 Britaynes by Ostorius the most part slayne and taken 39.33 Brigantes vvhere they inhabited 39. 43 Birth of a monstrous childe 41.5 Britaines moue a nevve Rebelliō 43. 80 Barvvike and Carelile burnt 44. line 16 British commons rise againste the Romanes 67.98 Britaine receyueth the Christian faith 70.18 Britaines vvith the Scottes and Pictes spoile their ovvne countrey 71.66 Buckle of King Iames the fourthes helmet gnavven vvith Mice 421. 24 Britaines betray the Romanes 81. line 97 Britaines by the Scottes sharpely repulsed out of VVestmerland 84. 4 Britishe Kings constreyned to gouerne at the Romaines appointment and order 93.30 Britaines ioyne vvith Maximianus against the Scottes 101.25 Britaines require aide of Valentinianus the Emperoure 103.33 Britaines flee out of Pictand and come ouer the Riuer of T◅ne 104. 53 Britaines send to Etius in Fraunce for aide agaynst the Scottes and Pictes 104.86 Britaines though forsaken of the Romanes determine to resist the Scottes and Pictes 104.107 Britaines sue to the Scottes and Pictes for peace 105.89 Britaines send to Etius into Frāce for aide 105. ◅2 Britaine 's put to flight and slayne by the Scottes and Picts ◅07 32 Britaines made tributaries to the Scottes and Pictes 108.4 Britaines sende into Britaine
and buried at Colmekill 102.00 Fergusius the thirde created King â—…f Scotland 156.54 Fergusius the patterne of a vvicked prince 156.60 Fergusius strangled in his bed by his vvife 15â—… 17 Fergusius vvife voluntarily confesseth the murdering of hir husband 157.45 Fergu vvife slaieth hirself 157.87 Fergusians sister to Hungus King of Pictes 169 2 Ferguhardus king of Scots in Ireland 7.31 Ferquhard gouernour of Lorne and Cantire 15.3 Ferquhard fleeth into Ila 15.12 Ferquhard returneth into ScotlaÌ„d to reuenge his iniurie 15.24 Ferquhard is flame 15.49 Ferquhard king of Scottes 144. Ferquhard mainteyneth chill discord among his nobilitie 145 Ferquhard infected with Pelagius herelie 145.18 Ferquhard committed to close prison 145.32 Ferquhard slayeth himselfe 146.22 Ferquhard the second son to the last Ferquhard enthronised K. of Scotland 147.49 Ferquharde of a good prince becoÌ„meth a naughtie king 147.54 Ferquhardes excessiue couetousnesse 147.79 Ferquhard excommunicate for his levvdnesse 147.98 Ferquhard giuen to immoderate gluttonie 147.105 Ferquhard giuen to beastly drunkennesse 147.115 Ferquharde defileth his ovvne daughters 148.8 Ferquhard slaieth his ovvne vvife 148. 10 Ferquhard bitten by a VVolfe in hunting 148.25 Ferquhard sicke of most lothsome diseases 148.29 Ferquhard penitent for his offences 148.48 Ferquhard dyeth 148.51 Ferquhard ouerthrovveth a stoute Norman in vvrastling 295.61 Fethelmacus created king of scots fol. 86 Fethelmacus leadeth an armye agaynst the Pictes and discomfiteth them 86.85 Fethelmacus murthered in his bed 87. 12 Fetherstone VVilliam knight capitaine of Lochmaben castell 350. 24 Fiâ—…cre sonne to Eugenius giueth himself to a solitarie life 147.77 Fiacres prayer to continue hys contemplatiue life 145.43 Fierce onset of the Brytaines vpon the Scottes and Pictes 107.13 Fâ—…fe why so called 177.95 Fighting of horses seene 40.71 Filthie lavves 30.13 Fincormake created K. of Scottes 82. 71 Fincormakes fidelitie tovvardes the king of Brytaine 83.32 Fincormake dieth 84.12 Fin Makcoâ—…l the great Hunter 108. 65 Finnan made Bishop of Lyndeferne 149.15 Finnan dyeth 149.19 Fine cookerie banished 65.18 Finnanus sonne to Iosina proclaimed king 20.80 Finnanus firste institutour of the Druides 21.7 Finnanus dieth at Camelon 21.54 Finnanus vvhere buried 21.58 Findock sonne to Athirco chosen king 76.27 Findocke passeth into the Iles agaynst the rebels 76.61 Findocke goeth the seconde tyme into the Iles agaynst the rebels 77. 7 Findock slain by treason 77.43 Findour in Merne 38.56 First comming of the Stevvardes to the crovvne of Scotlande 356. 47 Fire rysing 〈◊〉 the some of vvindes 297.46 Firie armies seen in the aire 180.16 Fire and vvater 〈◊〉 no mercye 280. 101 Firth of Clyde 462.83 Fishes found in shape like men 186. 54 Fishes like men called Bassinates seene in great number 101.4 Fife vvith other couÌ„tries brought intoo subiection to the Romaynes â—…0 87 Fleance sonne to Banquho escapeth into VVales after his fathers slaughter 446.99 Fleance defloureth the Prince of VVales daughter 247.9 Fleance slaine 247.12 Fleming Fraunces maister of the ordinance 467.67 Florence in Italye reedisled 264. â—… Fraser VVilliam Bishop of Saint Andrevves 303.16 Fray betvveene the French souldiours and the tovvnesmen of Edenbourgh 476.20 Fray amongst the nobles in hunting 139.9 Frier Brian Iay slaine by the hand of VVilliam VVallace 305.77 Frier in Glasgevv burnt for Religion 445.21 Friers Minors sent into Scotland 285. 70 Frenchmen coÌ„clude a league vvith the Scottes against the English men 15â—… 76 Frenchmen commended for their fayth and stedfastnesse of promise 262.68 Frenchmenne sue too enter intoo league vvith the Picts 263.17 Frenchmen send ayde to the Barons of Englande agaynst King Iohn 262.8 French king desireth the king of Scots to make vvarre vpon the Englishmen 349.45 Frenchmenne egge the Scottes agaynst England 358.21 Frenchmen and Scottes banished forth of England 431.113 French king misliketh of the mariage concluded to be had betvveene the yong Queene of Scotland and Prince Edvvarde 458.78 he setteth the Earle of Lennox on to alter all that vvas alreadie begon and ended in Scotland 458.86 French armie sent into Scotlande agaynst the Englishmen 474.36 French Galleys compasse aboute the realme of Scotland by Dungesby head 475.8 Frenchmen encampe at Muskelbourgh 475.38 Frenchmen giue a camisado too Hadington and are beaten backe 476.45 Frost vpon Midsommer day 238. 78 Fruite of vvicked counsaylors 21. 76 Fogo Iohn made Abbot of Melros 381.35 Founde things to bee cried in the market 181.57 Foundation of Saint Revvles Abbey layde 171.60 Fountaine of bloud issueth out of a mountaine in Gallovvay 202. 79 Foillane martired 147.34 Fortune aduaunceth the Romains 35. 55 Fort of Lidell taken by the Scots 350. 30 Fort builded by the Englishmen at Broughtie crag 476.71 Fortie thousand crownes sent out of France into Scotland 〈◊〉 â—…uâ—…e an armie agaynst the Englishmen 3â—â—â— Forman made Archbishop of 〈◊〉 Andrevves dyeth 4â—…6 â—â— Football and other vnlavvfull tames debarted â—…0â—…7 9 Fother Iohn conuicted of treason and beheaded and quaâ—… 444. 42 Fortunes flatterie not to bee â—…sted 184.79 Fothadus the great Bish. of Scotlande 224.64 Fothadus traualleth to make peace betvveene Grime and Malcolme 224.74 Fothadus bringeth Grime and Malcolme to agreement vpon conditions 22â—… â—â— Forth called the Scottish Sci. fol. â—â—â— Foure vvardens chosen to gouern the state of Scotland 246. â—â— Forman Protonotarie sent the Iames the fourth vvith a Rose â—…e a scepter 409 10â—… Fordune a towne in Mernes 221. â—… Foure orders of Friers appointed 296 16 Frontinus sent into Brytayne 48. 77 Frontinus requireth to ioyne amitie vvith the Picts 43. â—â— Frontius discomfiteth 〈…〉 49. â—â— Frontinus vexed with sicknesse returneth to Rome 49. â—â— Foure Scottish shippes spoiled by the Englishmen 478.24 Fournie of an olde deede of 〈◊〉 361. 16 Fourdon Iohn cited 341.114 and 34â—… 95 and. 359.29 and. 361.42 Fourdon Iohn cited 291.05 Fox Richard Bishop of Excetâ—… sent Ambassadour friâ—…e Scotland 408. â—â— Furious rage of the Scottish Caâ—…ters 90.8 Furniture of the Irish armies 197. 4â—… Furseus professed a Monke 147.28 Fulgentius made Captaine of a Britishe rebellion against the Romaines 71. â—â— Fulgentius sendeth to the Scottes and Pictes for ayde against the Romains 71.14 Fulgentius sendeth Ambassadours to Seuerus the Emperour he intreatie of peace 71.87 Fulgentius and his armie put too flight and discomfited 72.50 Fulgentius vvithdraweth intoo Pictland 72.96 G GAinssorde Nicholas a leader of men of Armeâ—… 468.21 Galde vvhat it signifieth amongst the Scots 46.3 Galde king of Scottes looke Corbreid Galde Gallovvay vvhy so called 59.30 Galdia 59.30 Galitia not sufficient for the scots 3. 65 Galghetes vvife to Philtan 147.10 Galanus king of Picts 112. â—…15 Galgacus 46.48 Callovvay in feare of the Earle of Lennox 463 4â—… Gallio Rauernas sent into Brytayne vvith an armie 103.40 Gallio pursueth and slayeth the Scottes and Picts in great number 50 Gallio causeth the vvall of Abin corne to be repayred 103.59 Gallio ordeyneth that vvatch bee kept vpon the vvall 103. â—…9 Gallio returneth into FraÌ„ce 104.4 Ganus king of Orkeneis besieged 32. 35 Ganus taken and led to Rome 32. 38 Garnard chosen king of
and warme and so holde you and vpbrayde not me with such an odious terme I slmuber in an hard Cabyn whē you sleepe in a soft bed of downe I serue vnder the Kyng hys Cope of heauen when you are serued vnder a canapie I drinke water out of my skull when you drinke wine out of golden cuppes my courser is trayned to the fielde when your Genet is taught to amble when you are begraced and belorded and crouched and kneeled vnto then find I small grace with our Irish borderers excepte I cut thē off by the knees At these gyrdes the Counsayle woulde haue smyled if they durst but eche man bit his lippe and held his countenaunce for howsoeuer some of them inclined to the Erle of Ossorie The Cardinall not beloued they hated all the Cardinall who perceyuing that Kildare was no babe rose in a fume from the Counsayle table commytted the Earle and deferred the matter till more direct probations came out of Irelande The Duke of Norffolke who was late Lieutenant in Ireland The Duke of Norffolke bounde for Kildare perceyuing the Cardinal to before bent agaynst the noble man rather for the deadly hatred hee bare his house than for anye great matter he had wherwith to charge his person stept to the king craued Kildare to be his prisoner offring to be bound for his forth cōming ouer and aboue all his landes bodie for bodie Wherevpon to the Cardinall his great griefe the prisoner was bayled and honourably by the duke enterteyned During his abode in the duke his house Oneyle and Oconor 1528 The Irish in rebellion and all their friendes andalyes watching their time to annoy the pale made open insurrection agaynst the Earle of Ossorie then Lord Deputie of Irelande insomuche that the nobleman mistrusting the sicklenesse of Desmond on the one side and the force of these newe start vp Rebels on the other side stood halfe amazed as it were betwene fire and water For remedie wherof letters thicke and three folde were addressed to the Counsaile of Englande purporting that all these late hurly burlies were of purpose raysed by the meanes of Kyldare Kildare a fresh impeached to the blemishing and steyning of his brother Ossorie his gouernment And to put the matter out of doubt it was further added that Kildare commaunded his daughter Elice Fitz Gerald wife to the baron of Slane to excite in his name the aforesaid traitours to this open rebellion The Cardinall herevpon caused Kildare to be examined before the counsaile where he pressed him so deepely with this late disloyaltie that the presumption being as the Cardinall did force it vehement the treason odious the king suspicious the enimie egre The Barle of Kildare committed the friendes faint which were sufficient grounds to ouerthrow an innocent person the Earle was repriued into the tower The noble man betooke himselfe to God and the king he was heartily beloued of the Lieutenant pitied in all the Court and standing in so harde a case altered little of his accustomed but comforted other noble men prisoners with him dissembling his owne sorrow A Mandarum to execute Kildare One night when the Lieutenant and be for their disport were playing at slidegrote or shofleboorde sodainly commeth from the Cardinall a Mandarum to execute Kyldare on the Morrow The Earle marking the Lieutenants deepe sigh by S. Bryde Lieutenant quoth he there is some madde game in that scrole but fall how it will this throwe is for an huddle When the worst was tolde him nowe I pray thee quoth he do no more but learne assuredly from the king his owne mouth whether his highnesse be witting thereto or not Sore doubted the Lieutenant to displease the Cardinall yet of verie pure loue to his friend he posteth to the king at midnight and deliuered his errand for at all houres of the night the Lieutenant hath accesse to the Prince vpon occasions The Cardinall his presumptuousnesse blamed of the king The king controlling the fanciursse of the Priest for those were his termes deliuered to the Lieutenant his Signet in token of countermaunde which when the Cardinall had seene he beganne to breathe out vnseasoned language which the Lieutenant was lothe to heare and so left him pattring and chaunting the Deuill his Pater noster Thus broke vp the storme for that time 1529 and the next yeare Woolsey was cast out of fauour and within few yeares Sir William Skeffington Deputie of Irelande sir William Skeffington was sent ouer L. Deputie and brought with him the Erle pardoned and ryd from all his troubles Skeffington his answere Master Maior and maister Recorder you haue at length this noble man here present for whom you sore longed whylest he was absent And after many stormes by him susteyned bee hath nowe to the comfort of his friendes to the confusion of his foes subdued violence with pacience He glaunceth at the Cardinal who was taken ◅o be a butcher his sonne iniuries with sufferance and malice with obedience and such Butchers as of batred thyrsted after his bloud are nowe taken for outcaste Mastiues littred in currish bloud How well my maister the king hath beene of his gracious inclination affected to the Earle of Kildare his backe friende being by his iust desert from his Maiestie weeded the credit wherein this noble man at this present resteth manifestly declareth Wherefore it resteth that you thanke God and the King for his safe arriuall As for his welcome maister Recorder his courteous discourse your great assemblies your cheerfull countenaunces your willing meetings your solemne Processions doe so farre shewe it as you minister mee occasion on hys Lordship his behalf rather to thanke you for your courtesie than to exhort you to any further ceremonie Hauing ended his Oration they road all into the Citie where shortlye after the Earle of Ossorie surrendred the sworde to sir William Skiffington Kildare inuadeth the Tooles During the time that Kildare was in Englande the sent of the Tooles making his absence their haruest ceased not to molest and spoyle his tenants and therefore the Earle meaning not to wrap vp so lightly their manifold iniuries was determined presently vpon his arriuall to crie thē quittance to the spedinesse of which seruice he requested the aide of the Citizens of Dublyn and expecting in Christes Church their answere touching thys motion the Maior and his breethren promised to assyst him with two C. Archers Meth his question The late come Bishop of Meth being then present moued question whether the Citizens were pardoned for crowning Lambert contrarie to theyr duetie of allegrance and if they were not pardoned he thought they might aduantage the king thereby Whereat one of their sagest and expertest Aldermen named Iohn Fitz Simons stept forth and sayde Iohn Fitz Simons answereth Meth. My Lorde of Meth may I be so bolde as to craue what Countrey man you are Mary sir quoth the Bishop
Normandy What the cause was why her husband put hir from hym is not certainly knowen but the matter belike was not very great sith shortly after he receiued hir agayne and that of his owne accorde Also during the time that king Henrie remayned in Normandie it chaunced that Pope Innocent the second came into Fraunce to auoid the daunger of his enimies and holding a Councell at Cleremont he accursed one Peter Fitz Leo which had vsurped as Pope and named himselfe Anaclerus 1131 An. Reg. 32. King Henrie and Pope Innocent meet at Chartres After breaking vp of the same Councell at Cleremont he came to Orleance and then to Charters meeting king Henrie by the way who offred to the Pope all that lay in his power to mainteyne his cause against his enimies for the which the Pope gaue the king great thankes and seeming as though he had bin more carefull for the defence of the coÌ„mon cause of the christian publike wealth than for his owne he exhorted K. Henrie to make a iourney into the holy lande against the Sarazens and enimies of the Christian religion VVil. Malm. In this enterview betwixt the Pope and the king the Romains were moued to maruell greatlye at the wisedome and sharpnesse of wit which they perceyued in the Normans For king Henrie to shew what learning remayned amongst the people of the west part of Europe caused the sonnes of Robert Erle of Melent The sonnes of Robert Erle of Meient praised for their learning to argue and dispute in the pointes and subtill sophismes of Logike with the Cardinals and other learned chaplayns of the Pope there present the which were not abashed to coÌ„fesse that there was more learning amongest them here in the west partes than euer they heard or knew of in their owne countrey of Italy King Henrie after thys returned into Englande King Henrie returneth into England and vpon the sea was in daunger to haue bin drowned by tempest so that iudging the same to bee as a warning for him to amend his life he made many vowes and after his landing went to S. Edmondsburie in Suffolk to do his deuotions vnto the sepulchre of that king At his coÌ„ming from thence also being well disposed towardes the reliefe of his people he lessened the the tributes and impositions and did iustice aswell in respect and fauor of the poore as of the rich 1132 An. reg 33. And soone after Geffray Earle of Aniou had issue by his wife the Empresse a son named Henrie who as before is sayd was after king of England for his grandfather king Henry hauing no issue male to succeed him caused the Empresse and this Henry hir sonne to be established heyres of the realme All the nobles and other estates eftsoones taking an othe to be their true and faithfull subiects 1133 An. reg 34. Mat. Par. Hen. Hunt Prior of Saint Oswold as VVil. Thorne hath and likewise Mat. Paris Mat. VVest After this king Henrie kept his Christmasse at Dunstable his Easter at Woodstocke In the same yere also or as some haue in the beginning of the yere precedent or as other haue in the yeare following king Henrie erected a Bishops sea at Carleil in which one Arnulfe or rather Athelwoolfe that before was Abbot of Saint Bothoulfs the kings confessor was the first bishop that was instituted there Who immediately after his consecration placed regular Canons in that Church And not long after or rather before as by Wil. Mal. it should seeme king Henry passed ouer into Normandie from whence nowe this being the last time of his going thither he neuer returned aliue And as it fel forth he tooke ship to saile on this last iorney thither the same day in which he had afore time receiued the crowne A greate eclipse On which day falling vpon the wednesday a wonderfull Eclipse of the Sunne and Moone appeared beyond the common course insomuch y t Wil. Mal. whiche then liued writeth that he sawe the starres plainly about the sunne at the verie time of that Eclipse On the Fryday after there chaunced such an earthquake here in this realme also An earthquake that manye houses buyldings were ouerthrowne therewith This Earthquake was so sensible or rather so visible that the wall of the house in the which hee then sat was lift vp with a double remoue and at the third it satled it selfe againe The Eclipse chaunced on the seconde of August the king taking ship the same day to goe ouer into Normandie and the earthquake was vpon the Friday next after Moreouer the verie same time also fire brast out of certain riffes of the earth in so huge flames that neither by water nor otherwise it could be queÌ„ched In the .xxxiiij. yere of his raigne his brother Robert Courtchuse departed this life in the Castell of Cardiffe It is sayde that on a festiuall day king Henrie put on a Robe of Scarlet Mat. Paris Mat. VVest An. reg 35. the cape whereof being strayte hee rente it in stryuing to put it ouer hys heade and perceyuing it would not serue him he layde it aside and sayde Let my brother Robert haue this garment who hath a sharper head thaÌ„ I haue The which when it was brought to Duke Robert The deceasse of Robert Courtchuse the rent place being not sewed vp he perceyued it and asked whether any man had worne it before The messenger tolde the whole matter how it happened Herewith Duke Robert tooke such a griefe for the scornefull mocke of his brother that he waxed wearie of his life and sayde nowe I perceyue I haue liued too long that my brother shall clothe me like his almes man with his cast rent garmeÌ„ts And thus cursing the time of his natiuity refused from thenceforth to eate or drink so pined away was buryed at Gloucester King Henrie remayning still in Normandy rode rounde about a great part of the countrey shewing greate loue and curtesie vnto the people studying by al meanes possible to winne their fauours by vsing them curteously shewing himselfe glad and merie amongest them though nothing reioyced hym more than that his daughter Mawde the Empresse at the same time was deliuered of hir seconde sonne named Geoffray so that he sawe himselfe prouided of an assured successour Polidor 1135 An. Reg. 36 But whilest he thus passeth the time in mirth and solace he beganne soone after to be somewhat diseased and neuer coulde perceyue any 〈◊〉 cause thereof therefore to driue his griefe away hee goeth abrode to hunte and weâ—…ing somewhat amended in his health therby as he thought at his comming home he would needes care of a Lamprey Math. VVest Simon Dun. though his phisition counselled him to the contrary but he delyting most in that meat though it bee in qualitie verie noysome to health woulde not be perswaded from it so that his stomacke being hurt therewith he fell immediately into an
chaunced through the whole realme spreading from place to place but specially this yeare it raigned moste in the â—…orth where as in the yeares before it begaâ—… the South partes â—…n reg 13. The King desirous to bee reuenged of the Scottes made preparation to â—…iâ—… a mightie armie and for want of sufficient numbers of men in other places towardes the North partes the king caused muche people to come vnto him â—…nto of the South and East partes of the realme amongst the which the citie of London was constrayned to finde at their costes and charges two hundred men sending them to Yorke where the generall assembly of the armie was made From thence after hee had receyued his menne from sundrie Countreys and good Townes of hys Realme â—…e king goâ—… Berwike he went to Berwike and layde siege to the Towne In which meane tyme the Scots being assembled came to the borders passed by the English hoste and entring into Englande came in secrete wise downe into the marches of Yorke 〈◊〉 and their 〈…〉 the people and robbed â—…eâ—… in mâ—… cruell wife The Scottes come into the parties of Yorke Wherefore the Archbishop of Yorke incoming in time of such necessitie to doe his indeuour in defence of hys Countrey assembled 〈◊〉 he power as he could gette wether of Clearkes Monkes Châ—…ons and other spirituall men of the Church wâ—… husbandmen and such â—…her vnapt people for the warâ—… and thus with a great number of menne and 〈◊〉 where lyke ordisâ—… Chuâ—… Auesburie 〈◊〉 togither with the Bishop of Eliâ—… then Lorde Chaâ—…cellour came forth agaynste the Sâ—…tes and recounted with them at a place called Mitton vpon Suale the .vij. day of October Hereas the Englishmen passed ouer the water of Suale The discomfiture of MittoÌ„ vpon Suale Caxton the Scottes set fire vpon attaine â—…ackâ—… of 〈◊〉 the smoke wherof was so hugâ—… that the Englishmen might not see where the Scottes lay And when the English men were oncâ—… got ouer the water the Scots came vpon them with a wing in gâ—… order of battaile in fashion like to a â—…lde genly assayling their enimies who for locke of good gouernment were easily beaâ—…n downe and discomâ—…ed without shewing any great resistsâ—… so that three were slain a the number of thâ—… M. and the residue shamefully put to flight Polidor â—…burie 〈◊〉 Dirreâ—…as ranâ—…d two â—…code â—…eth hath â—…as shortâ—…er made â—…p of â—…ch â—…on The Archbishop the Lord Chancellor and the Abbot of Sâ—…y with helpe of their swift horses escaped with diuerse other The Maior of Yorke named Nicholas Fleming was slaine 〈◊〉 William Diâ—… priest take prisoner Many were drowned by reason that the Scots had gotten betwixt the Englishmen and the bridge so that the EnglishmeÌ„ flâ—… betwixt the wing of the Scots and these main battail which had compassâ—… the English men about on the one side as the wing did vpon the other Bicause that so many spirituall men died in this battail 〈◊〉 was after nameâ—… of many wryters the white battails The king of England enformed of this â—…throw giuen by the Scots to the Northren men he brake vp his siege incâ—… maâ—…y and returned to Yorke Thus aâ—… the kings 〈◊〉 by one meanes or other quaâ—…ed and came but to euill the ceâ—…e Polidor â—…o that the English nation began to grow in contempt by the 〈◊〉 gâ—… 〈◊〉 of y e prince the which as one oâ—… of theÌ„ eight way rashly and with 〈◊〉 good aâ—… meÌ„ order his doings which thing to grieued the noâ—…le men of the realme that they 〈◊〉 day and night by that â—…eaâ—… they might procure him to loâ—… better to his 〈…〉 duetie which they iudged might well be brought to passe The enuie of the Lordes towardes the Spencers his nature being not altogither euill if they might finde shift to remoue froÌ„ him the two Spencers Hugh the father and Hugh the sonne who were gotten into such fauor with him that they onely did all things and without them nothing was done so that they were nowe had in as great hatred and indignation both of the Lordes and coÌ„mons as euer in tymes past was Peers de Gaueston the late Earle of Cornwall But the Lords minded not so much the destruction of these Spencers but that the king ment as much their aduauncement so that Hugh the son was made high Chamberlain of Englande contrarie to the mind of all the noble men by reason whereof hee bare himselfe so hautie and proude that no Lorde wythin the lande myght agayne say that which in hys conceyte seemed good 1320 Additions to Triuet In this .xiij. yere of his raigne in Iune king Edwarde went ouer into Fraunce where at Amiens he founde the Frenche king of whome he receyued the Countie of Pontien which the said French king vpon his comming to the Crowne had seased into his handes bycause the King of Englande had not done to him his homage due for the same A tenth of the Ecclesiastical liuings graÌ„ted to the king Also this yeare the Pope graunted to the king of Englande the tenth of Ecclesiasticall reuenues for one yeare as before that time he hadde likewyse done An. reg 14. Caxton About this season Pope Iohn being enformed of the great destruction and vnmerciful war whiche the Scottes made vppon the Englishe men and namely for that they spared neyther Churche nor Chapell Abbey nor Priorie hee sent a general sentence vnder his Bulles of leade vnto the Archbishop of Canterburie and Yorke appoynting them that if Robert le Bruce the Scottishe king would not recompence king Edwarde for all such harmes as the realme of Englande had by him susteyned and also make restitution of the goodes that had beene taken out of Churches and Monasteries Scots eftsones accursed they shoulde pronounce the same sentence agaynst him and hys complices Whervpon when the Scots tooke no regard to the Popes admonition the Archbishop proceeded to the pronouncing of the foresaid sentence so that Robert Bruce Iames Dowglas Thomas Randulf Erle of Murrey and al other that kept him companie or theÌ„ in any wise mainteyned were accursed throughout England euerie day at Masse three tymes But this nothing holpe the matter but put the king and the realme to great cost and charge and in the meane season the commons of the Realme were sore oppressed by sundrie wayes and meanes dyuerse of them lost theyr goodes and possessions beeyng taken from them vpon surmised and foyned quarelles so that many were vtterly vndone and 〈◊〉 singular and mysordered persones 〈◊〉 â—…naunced After the Epiphattie 〈…〉 when the trâ—… 〈◊〉 betwixt the two realmes of England and â—…land Râ—… 〈◊〉 The 〈…〉 an army of Scots entred England 〈◊〉 into the Bishoprike of Durham The 〈…〉 Murrey stayed at DaringtoÌ„ but Iames Dâ—â—glas and the steward of Scotland went 〈◊〉 waste the country the one towards 〈◊〉 Cleueland and the other towards Richâ—… 〈◊〉 they of the Countie
this place Polidor it shall not bee muche amysse to rehearse somewhat of the ryght and tytle whereby king Edwarde did thus clayme the Crowne of Fraunce hauing of purpose omitted to speake thereof tyll nowe that he entituled himselfe wyth the name and tooke vppon him to beare the armes also of Fraunce vpoÌ„ occasion before expressed It is wel knowne that Philip le Beau King of Fraunce hadde issue by hys wyfe Queene Ioane three sonnes The issue of Philip le Beau. Lewes surnamed Hutine Philippe le Long and Charles le Beau Also two daughters the one dying in hir infancie and the other named Isabell lyued and was maryed vnto Edwarde the seconde of that name King of Englande who begotte of hir this Edward the thirde that made this clayme The three sonnes of the foresayde Philip le Beau reigned eche after other as Kinges of Fraunce First after Philip the father succeeded his eldest sonne Lewes Hutine Lewes Autine who had issue by his firste wife Margaret daughter to Robert Duke of Burgoigne a daughter named Ioane the whiche was anone gyuen in maryage vnto Lewes Erle of Eureur but she liuing not long dyed without issue Hir father the sayde Lewes Hutine maryed after the deceasse of his first wife an other wyfe named Clemence daughter to Charles Martell the father of Robert King of Scicill whome hee left great wyth childe when he dyed The childe beeing borne proued a sonne and was named Iohn but liued not many dayes after Philip le Long. Then Philip the Long was admitted to the Crowne of Fraunce though many stoode in opinion that Ione the daughter of Lewes Hutine whiche yet was aliue ought to haue inherited the kingdome after hir father and namely Odo Duke of Burgoigne Vncle to the said Ione was most earnest in that matter in fauour of his Nece But myght ouercame ryght so that hee was constrayned to bee quiet Philip le Long after he hadde raigned fiue yeares dyed also and left no issue behinde hym Charles le Beau. Then lastly Charles le Beau tooke vpon hym the kingdome and the seuenth yeare after dyed his wyfe bigge bellyed which shortly after brought forth a Mayden named Blaunche that streight wayes hasting to followe hir Father lyued no whyle in thys worlde By this meanes then the bloud royall in the heyres Male of Philippe le Beau was extinguished in hys Sonne the foresayd Charles le Beau whereof the contention tooke begynning aboute the right to the Crowne of Fraunce betwyxte the Frenche menne and Englishe menne whiche hangeth as yet vndecyded tyll these our dayes For King Edwarde auerred that the kingdome of Fraunce apperteyned vnto hym as lawfull heyre bycause that hee alone was remayning of the kings stocke and touched hys Mothers father Philip le Beau in the next degree of consanquinitie as hee that was borne of his daughter Isabell Therefore immediately after the deceasse of the sayd Charles le Beau by Ambassadours sent vnto the Peeres of Fraunce King Eâ—… 〈…〉 right 〈◊〉 crowne of Fraunce hee publisheâ—… to them hys right requyring that they woulde â—…mitte hym king according therevnto but hys Ambassadours coulde neuer bee quietly hearde and therefore returned home wythout anye towardly answere whiche mooued him in the ende to attempt the recouerie of hys lawfull inheritaunce by force sithe by lawe hee coulde not preuayle and now by aduice of hys friendes to take vpon him both the tytle and Armes of Fraunce to signifie to the Worlde what right he hadde to the same After that this league therefore was concluded with them of Flaunders Iames Mâ—… King Edwâ—… tooke vpon him the 〈◊〉 and armed of K. of Fraunce â–ª The Flâ—… sweare 〈◊〉 to the king â—… England and that king Edwarde had taken vppon him the name of king of Fraunce with the Armes the Duke of Guclderland and Iaques van Arteueld went vnto al the good townes and iurisdictions of Flaunders to receyue theyr othes of fidelitie vnto king Edwarde perswading with the people that the supreme rule belonged vnto hym sauing to the townes their auncient lawes and liberties and to their Earle his right of proprietie About the latter ende of this .xiij. Additâ—… Triâ—…eâ—… yere of king Edwardes raigne the mariners and Sea man of the cinque Portes getting them abourde into a number of small shippes and Balingers well trimmed and appoynted for the purpose passed ouer to Bullongne where they tooke lande one day in a thicke foggie weather The Englâ—… men burn the French shippes in Bolongne and setting on the Base towne they burnt .xix. Gallies foure great shippes and to the number of .xx. smaller vessels togither with their tackle and furniture They set fire also on the houses that stood nere to the water side namely they burnt one great house wherein lay such a number of oares sayles armor crossebows as might haue sufficed to furnish so many men as could be wel abourd in .xix. Galleys There were many slaine on both partes in atchieuing this enterprise but more of the Frenchmen than of the Englishmen About the same time the Queene of England was deliuered of hir fourth sonne in the towne of Gaunt Iohn of Gaunt â—…borne the which was named Iohn first created Erle of Richmond and after Duke of Lancaster He was borne about Christmasse in this .xiij. yeare of king Edwards raigne 1340 An. Reg. 14. When king Edward had finished his businesse with the Flemings at Gaunt he left his wife Q. Philip there stil in that towne and returned himselfe vnto Andwarpe and shortly after about the feast of Candlemasse tooke the Sea and came backe into Englande to prouide for money to mainteyn his begon warres And herevpon about the time of Lent following A Parliament hee called his highe court of Parliament at Westminster in the which he asked of his commons towardes hys charges for the recouerie of his right in Fraunce the fifth parte of theyr moueable goodes Hâ—…n Marl. Polidor the customes of woolles for two yeares to be payde aforehand and the .ix. sheafe of euery mans corne At length it was agreed that the king shoulde haue for custome of euerie sacke of wooll fortye shillings A subsidie for euery three hundred wool felles forty shillings and for euerie last of leader .xl. shillings and for other marchandice after the rate to begin at the feast of Easter in this .xiiij. yeare of the kings raigne to endure till the feast of PeÌ„tecost then next folowing froÌ„ that feast till the feast of peÌ„tecost theÌ„ next ensuing into one yere for which the king graunted that from the feast of Pentecost which was then to come into one yeare hee nor his heyres should not demaunde assesse nor take nor suffer to bee assessed or taken more custome of a sacke of wooll of any Englishman but halfe a marke and vpon the wooll felles leader the olde former custome Beside this the Citizens and Burgesses
deuyse to the Kyng and where hee perceyued by hys cheere and countenaunce that hys heart was full of pensiue griefe carefull thought and heauynesse he comforted hym in the beste maner that hee myght and sayd to him Moste noble King there is no cause wherefore your grace shoulde be pensiue The Prince cheereth the French king though God this daye didde not consente to followe youre will For your noble prowes and dignitie royall wyth the supreme type of youre Kyngly Maiestye remayneth whole and inuiolate and whatsoeuer maye rightly bee called yours so that no violente force of time shall blotte out or diminishe the same Paulus Aâ—…milius the Almightie God hath determined that the chaunce of warre shall rest in his disposition and will as all other things Your elders haue atchieued bothe by lande and sea many noble enterprices The whole compasse of Europe al the East parts of the world all places and countreys bothe farre and neare are full of monumentes witnessing the noble victories attained by the Frenche people The cause of godlie liuing and religion the dignity and preheminence of Christianitie hathe bene defended and augmented by you againste the moste mightie and puissaunt capitaines of the infidels enemies to the said Christian religion All ages shall make mention of your worthie praises no nation there is but shall confesse it selfe bounden at one time or other for benefites receiued at your handes neyther is there any people but suche as hope to be hereafter bounden to you for reliefe and benefites to proceede from you in time to come one or twoo batails haplye haue chaunced amongest so many triumphs otherwise than you wold haue wished Chaunce woulde it shoulde be so whiche maye enfeeble and make weake the power of horses armor and weapon your inuincible courage and royall magnanimitie lyeth in your power to reteyne neyther shall this day take any thing from you or yours And this realme of Fraunce whiche hathe procreate and brought foorth norished so many of my noble progenitors shall perceyue my good meanyng towardes hir and not forgetfull of myne elders and towarde your maiestie if you will vouchsafe that I shoulde glorye of that name a most humble kinsman There are manye occasions of loue and freendshippe betwixte you and my father whiche I truste shall take place for I knowe all his thoughtes and inwarde meanings you shall agree and come to an attonement right easily togither and I pray God he neuer take me for his sonne except I haue you in the same degree of honour reuerence and faithfull loue whiche I owe towardes hym The king as reason wold acknowleged this to proceede of great curteste The Frenche King thanketh the Prince shewed towardes him in the prince and thanked him accordingly And the Prince performing in deede that whiche hee spake with worde ceased from further vsing of fire or other endomaging of the Frenche dominions taking his way through the countreys of Poictow and Xaintonge by easie iourneys The prince returneth to Berdeaux Froissart he and his people came to Blay and so passed ouer the water to Burdeaux in good safetie with all their riches and prisoners The Prince gaue to the lorde Iames Audeley who hadde receiued in the battaile many sore woundes v. C. The lord Audley revvarded markes of yearely reuenues assigned foorth of his landes in Englande the whiche gifte the knight graunted as freelye as he hadde receiued it vnto foure of his Esquiers whyche in the battaile hadde bene euer attendaunt aboute his person without whose ayde and valiant support he knewe well that he had bene slaine sundrie times in the same battaile by his enimies When the Prince hearde that he hadde so done hee marueiled what his meaning was therby and caused him to be brought beefore his presence and demaunded of hym wherefore he hadde so lightlie giuen away that rewarde whiche hee had bestowed vpon hym and whether hee thought that gifte to meane for him or not The Lorde Audeley so excused himselfe in extosting the good seruice done to him by his Esquiers throughe whome he hadde so many times escaped the daungers of deathe that the Prince did not onelie confirme the resignation of the fiue hundred marks giuen to the esquiers but also rewarded the lord Audley wyth vj. C. markes more of like yearely reuenues in maner and forme as her had receiued the other When the newes of this greate victorie came into Englande of the ouerthrowe of the Frenchemen and taking of the Frenche king yee may bee sure there was greate ioy shewed by outwarde tokens as bonfiers made Bonfiers feastes and banquets kept throughe the whole realme likewise the Gascoignes and englishemen beeing come to Burdeaux made greate reuell and pastime there spending freely that gold siluer which they had won in the battell of Poictiers and else where in that iourney This yeare in Aprill the Prince of Wales tooke shipping with his prisoners at Burdeaux and the fifthe of Maye arriued at Plimmouth 1357 An. reg 32. The foure and twentieth day of May bee was with greate honour ioyfully receiued of the citizens into the citie of London Ad. to Merimouth The prince bringeth the Frenche King ouer into Englande and so conueyed to the pallace of Westminster where the Kyng sitting in Westminster hall receyued the Frenche king and after conueyed hym to a lodging appointed for him where he laye a season but after hee was remoued to the Savoy whiche was at that time a goodly house apperteining to the Duke of Lancaster though afterwardes it was brent and destroyed by Wat Tyler and Iacke Strawe and theyr companie In this place the Frenche Kyng laye and kept house a long time after In the Winter followyng were royall Iustes holden in Smithfielde at the whiche were presente the Kings of England A Iustes holden Smithfielde Fraunce and Scotland with many greate estates of all their three kingdomes of the whiche the more parte of the straungers were as then prisoners It was reported that the French kyng could nor so dissemble nor cloke his inwarde thought but that there appeared some tokens of griefe in his countenaunce whilest hee behelde these warlike pastimes and when the king of Englande The Frenche King fâ—…vvfull and his sonne Prince Edwarde with comfortable wordes required hym after supper to put all pensiue cares out of his fantasie and to bee merrie and sing as other did he shoulde make this aunswere with a smyling countenaunce Quomodo cantabimus canticum in terra alienae Tho. VVals Frâ—…rt Aboute the same time there came ouer into Englande twoo Cardinalles the one called Talirande beyng bishoppe of Alba and commonly named the Cardinall of Pierregort Caâ—…a 〈◊〉 Englands and the other hight Nicholas intitled Cardinall of Saint Vitale or as Frossart hath of Dargell they were sente from Pope Innocent the sixte to entreate for a peace betwixte the Kinges of Englande and Fraunce but they coulde not
meÌ„ willed them to remeÌ„ber how oft they hadde subdued those theyr aduersaries in battaile with whom they should nowe câ—…pâ—… for the moste part euer being the lesse number against y e greater Agayn he declared how necessarie it was to tame y e hold attempts of the presumptuous Dolphyn now in the beginning lest if the fyre were suffred still to flame as it had begon they should scant haue water to quenche it Thys battayle was foughte the eyght and twentieth of Auguste in the yeare of our Lorde a thousande foure hundred twentie and foure in the which battaile were slayn of the Frenchmen the erles of Aumarle Ventadour Forest Mary the Lords Grauile Gaules Fountaines Auebois Tonars Mounteny Combreste Brunell Tumble and Poisy beside .iij. C. knights Also the Vicount Narbonne whose body was hanged on a gibbet bycause he was one of the murtherers of the duke of Burgoin Of Scots also were slaine Archibald earle Douglas that was made as before is meÌ„tioned duke of Touraine Iames Douglas son to the saide Archibald earle of Wigton Iohn earle of Boughen newly made Conestable of Fraunce sir Alexander Meldrin sir Henry Batglauie sir Iohn Sterling William of Homelsoon sir Iames Gray sir Roberte Kanden sir Alexander Linfaye sir Robert Stewarde sir Robert Swinton and .xxvij. C. Scots of name and armes beside other so that in this battaile were slaine by report of Montioy king at armes in FraÌ„ce and the Englishe Herraultes there present of Frenchemen Fier thousande â—…the Aemilius but Nichoâ—… Giles saieth there died but â—…ere thousand 〈◊〉 both parts and Scottes .ix. M. .vij. C. and of Englishemen .xxj. C. but no man of name sauing .v. yong Esquiers And there were taken prisoners Iohn duke of Alanson the bastarde of Alanson the Lorde of Faicit the L. of Hormit sir Piers Harison sir Lois de Gaucourte Dedley and Canleton tvvo of the englishe nobilitie vvere slaine at this battaile as Iacâ—…b Maâ—…rc 〈◊〉 sir Roberte Brusset sir Iohn Turnebull a Scot and .ij. C. gentlemenne beside coÌ„mon souldiore The frenchemen within Vernoil seeing the Dolphines armye thus ouerthrowen deliuered the towne to the Regent their liues saued Then was sir Phillip Hall appointed capitaine there and the Lorde Regent retourned and came to Roan and after to Paris The Dolphin that called himselfe Kyng of Fraunce was sore amased with the ouerthrow of his army and no meruaile for he was driuen out of all the countries in manner that apperteined to the crowne of Fraunce and might resort to none except to Bourbonois Alurrgn Berry Poictow Touraine a parte of Aâ—…ow and Languedoc yet to shewe himselfe as king he erected his court of Parliament his chancerie and al other courts in the citie of Poictiets and there established hys great seale wyth all due circumstaunces thereto aperteyning whiche there continued the space of .xiiij. yeares togither and then was remoued to Paris after that he had got possession of that citie and expulsed the Englishemen as after shall apeare The Duke of Bedforde lying at Paris sente the Lorde Scales The Lorde â—…sient to â—…cie Anâ—… Maine sir Iohn Montgomerie sir Io. Fastolf with two thousand meÌ„ to conquer the countries of Aniow Maine vnto whom were rendered without assaulte the strong castels of Beaumont le Vicount Teune Silly Osce Courceriers Roussy Vasse Couetemenant and twentye other whyche I doe heere passe ouer Suche was then the opinion conceyued of the Englishe puissaunce so ofte tried proued and assayed that the frenchemen thought that the Englishmen woulde and shoulde haue all things whyche they eyther wished or enterprised The Earle of Salisbury with the sayde Lorde Scales and the other capitaines before named were appointed wyth an army of ten thousande men to besiege the riche and strong citie of Mans the chief citie of al y e country of Maine The Englishemenne comming before that Citie made their approches and planted their battery to the walles so that with the shot of their greate peeces whyche kinde of engiâ—… beefore that time had not bene muche seene nor hearde off in Fraunce the Citie was within a fewe dayes dispoiled of all hir Towers and outwarde defences The Citizens of Mans Man 's deliuered to the Englishemen and the souldiours within perceyning in what daunger they stood and knewe not how to remedy the matter offered the Towne vppon this condition that all persons which woulde tary within the towne might abide and all that woulde departe with horse and harnesse only shoulde be permitted whiche offers were accepted and the Toans rendred whereof the Earle made capitaine the Earle of Suffolke and his lieuetenaunt Syr Iohn Fastolfe After this the Earle of Salisburye besieged the faire Towne of Saint Susan whereof was capitaine one Ambrose de Lore a right valiant chiefetain The Erle caused the towne to bee assaulted at his firste comming to it but he loste more than he gained and therefore lefte off his assaults and caused a trenche to be caste aboute the Towne and so planted his battery by force whereof hee ouerthrewe the walles in suche sorte that the captaine offered for himselfe and his souldiors .20 0000. crownes so that they might departe in their do abiettes onely whiche â—…nnye bycause winter approched was accepted and the towne yelded Of this Towne Sir Iohn Popham was made Capitaine Then the Earle wente to Maine â—…a Iubez which towne after due wâ—…hes siege was yelded and appointed to the keeping of sir Iohn Montgomerye knighte After the feaste of the Purification of our Lady the erle of Salisbury besieged the castel de la Fert Barnarde during whiche siege a sale was made of the towne of Alanson being in the englishmens possession by a Gascoigne that was one of the garison there but this sale being opened to the Erle of Salisbury by the same Gascoine at the daye appointed the Lorde Wistoughby and sir Iohn Fastolfe with .ij. M. men were sent to encounter with the buiers of that town so that when Charles de Villiers chiefe marchaÌ„t of this enterprise came early in a morning with .ij. C. horsemen and .iij. C. footemen and approched the town abiding for the Gascoigne ere he was aware the Englishmen had coÌ„passed him and his company rounde aboute and setting vpon the frenchmen slew and tooke all the whole number of them saue Peter DaÌ„thenazie and .xxv. other which by the swiftnes of their horses saued themselues After this coÌ„flicte ended the lord Willoughby retourned to the erle of Salisbury lying still at siege before the towne de le Fert Bernarde which shortly after was rendred vp into the Earle of Salisburies handes to whom the lord Regent gaue it to enioy to him and his heires for euer Beside this the said earle partly by assault partly by composition tooke diuers other as S. Kales where he made captaine Richarde Gethin esquier Thanceaux Lermitage where he made gouernour Mathewe Goughe Guerlande of y e which he assigned ruler Iohn Banaster
with these .ij. heades this blondy â—…cher entred into the citie againe and in despite caused them in euery streete to kisse togither to the great detestation of all the beholders After this succeeded open rapine and manifest robbery in diuers houses within the citie and especially in the house of Philip Malpas Adâ—…rmaÌ„ of London diuers other ouer and beside raunsoming and fining of diuers notable merchaÌ„tâ—… for the suertye of their liues and goods as Roberte Horne Alderman whyche pâ—…yde â—… C. marks he also put to execution in Southwarke diuers persones some for breakyng hys ordynaunce other being of his olde acquaintaunce lost they shoulde bewraye his base linnage disparaging him for his vsurped surname of Mortimer The Maior and other the Magistrates of London perceyuing themselues neyther to bee sure of goodes nor of life well warranted determined to repulse and keepe out of their citie suche a mischieuous tâ—…raunt and his wicked company and to be the better able so to do they made the lorde Scales and that renoumed captaine Mathewe Goughe priuye bothe of their intent and enterprise beseeching them of their helpe and furtherance therin The Lord Scales promised them his aide with shoting off the artillery in the tower and Mathew Gough was by hym apointed to assiste the Maior Londoners in all that he might and so he other captaines appointed for defence of the Citie tooke vpon them in the night to keepe the brydge and woulde not suffer the Kentishmen once to approche The rebelles which neuer soundly slept for feare of sodaine chaunces hearing that the bridge was thus kept ran with greate haste to open that passage where betwene bothe parties was a fience and cruell encounter Mathew Goughe perceuing the rebelles to stand to their tackling more manfully than hee thought they woulde haue done aduised his company not to aduance any further towarde Southwarke till the day appeared that they â—…ght see where the place of icoperdy rested and so to prouide for the same But thys little auailed For the rebelles wyth theyr huge multitude draue backe the Citizens froÌ„ the stoulpes at the bridge foote to the drawe bridge and began to set Arc in dyuers houses greate ruth it 〈◊〉 to beholde that 〈◊〉 like chance for 〈…〉 to eschuâ—… the fire fell vpâ—… 〈◊〉 their enimies weâ—…pon and so died 〈…〉 with children in their armes aâ—…â—…aâ—… die past good remembraÌ„ce â—…ept into y e riuer other doubting how to haue themselues betwene fire water sword were in their houses 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 hered Yet y e Captaines nothing regarding these vauntes soughte on the bridge all the night valiantly but in 〈◊〉 y e rebels gaâ—… the draw bridges drowned many slew Iohn Sotton Alderman Robert Heysand a hardye Citizen w t many other 〈◊〉 Mathew Gough a man of great wit much experience in feares of chiualry y t which in coÌ„tinual warres had speÌ„t his time in seruice of the King and his father This fore conflict endured in doubtfull wise on the bridge till nine of the clocke in the morning for sometime the Londoners were beaten backe to S. Magnus corner and suddaynely againe the Rebels were repulsed to y e stoulpes in Southwarke so that both parts being faint and weerie agreed to leaue off from fighting till the next day vppon condition that neyther Londoners should passe into Southwarke nor y e Kentishmen into London After this abstinence of warre taken thys rakehell Captaine hoping vppon more friendes brake vp the gasles of the Kings benche and the Marshalsey and set at libertie a swarme of galauntes both meete for his seruice and apt for his enterprise The Archbishop of Canterburie being ChaÌ„cellor of Englande and as then for his suretie lying within the Tower called to him the Byshop of Winchester who likewise for feare lurked at Halywell these two Prelates seeing the furie of the Kentishe people by reason of theyr late repulse and beating backe to bee somewhat aswaged passed the riuer of Thames from the Tower into Southwarke bringing with them vnder the kings great seale 〈◊〉 eâ—…emities â—…metimes politie doth more than â—…ength a general pardon vnto all the offendors and caused the same to be openly published The poore people were so glad of this pardon and so readye to receiue it that without bidding farewell to their Captayne they withdrew theÌ„selues y e same night euery maÌ„ towardes his owne home as men amazed and striken with feare but Iacke Cade despayring of all succours and fearing nowe the sequeale of his lewde dealings departed secretely in habite disguised into Sussex hoping so to escape but after that proclamation was made that who so euer could appreheÌ„d the said Iacke Cade shuld haue in rewarde a M. markes for hys paynes many sought for him but few espied him tyll at length one Alexander Iâ—… a valiant Esquier of Keâ—…e founde him one in a garden and hym there in his defence manfully flew Iacke Cade a desperate Rebell slayne and brought his dead body to London whose head was pitched on a polle and set vpon London bridge After this the King himselfe came into Kent and there 〈…〉 vpon the offendors and if he had not mingled his lust 〈◊〉 with used â–ª as more than fiue hundred by 〈…〉 had â—…iuistly put to 〈…〉 punishing only the stubbornie heads and disordred 〈◊〉 â—…ders deliuered and pardoned 〈…〉 persons to the great 〈…〉 During the commoâ—… adâ—… London Raufe Biâ—…e Salisburie was by 〈…〉 namitoâ—… and 〈…〉 and so from thenceforth dayly followed murther slaughter and dâ—…struction The French King vnderstanding all this ciuill discord and rebellious stories in England made thereof his foundations â—…ping to get vnto his handes and possession the Duchie of Aquitaine and therevpon sent y e Erles of 〈◊〉 and Perigort to lay siege to the towne of Bâ—…rgerat situate vppon the riuer of Douerdoâ—…ne of whiche towne was Captaine Iohn Geâ—… who vppon reasonable conditions rendred the Towne but yet the Lorde Caâ—… sir George Seymor and sir Iohn Atuâ—…der 〈◊〉 diuers other valiant Captaines hauing the gouernance of the Countrey manned Townes gathered people and recomforted the faâ—…ing harts of the Gascoignes in all that they could withall sent letters ouer into England certifying to y e kings maiestie that without speedie aide ready succours the whole countrey was like to bee conquered won out of the Englishmens possessioÌ„ Many letters were sente manye faire aunsweres were brought but reliefe neyther appeared nor one man of warre was thither shipped by reason whereof the frenchmen pursuing the victorie gote the fortresses of Iansacke and S. Foye with diuers other peeces of importaunce thereaboutes Also about y e same time the L. Doruall third sonne to the L. de la Breth with a great number of men as wel on horsebacke as on foote departed from Baâ—…as to conquere and destroy y e I le of Medor wherevpon the Maior of Burdeaux issuing out encountring with his enimies was vaÌ„quished losing sixe
capitains in other vessels And the K. made them a bankette before their setting forward and so committed them to God The Kings nauye setteth out They were in number .xxv. faire shippes of greate burdeyne well furnished of all thinges necessarye The Frenche king in this meane whyle had prepared a Nauie of .xxxix. sayle in the haâ—…en of Brest and for chiefe hee ordeyned a greate Carrike of Brest apperteyning to the Quene his wife called Cordelier a verie strong ship and well appointed This nauie set forwarde out of Brest the tenth of August The Englishe nauye encountreth vvith the Frenche vpon the coaste of Britaine and came to Britayne Bay in the which the same day was the Englishe fleet arriued When the English men perceiued the Frenchmen to be issued forth of the hauen of Brest they prepared themselues to battail made foorth toward their enimie whiche came fiercely foreward and comming in sight eche of other they shotte of their ordinaunce so terribly together that all the Sea coast sounded of it The Lord Admirall made with the great shippe of Depe and chased hir Sir Henry Guylforde and Sir Charles BraÌ„don made with the great Carricke of Breste beyng in the Soueraine and layde stemme to stemme to the Carrike but by negligence of the maister or else by smoke of the Ordinance or otherwise the Soueraigne was cast at the Verne of the Carrike wyth whyche aduauntage the Frenchmen shouted for ioy but when Sir Thomas Kneuet whyche was readye to haue bourded the greate shippe of Deepe sawe that the Soueraigne missed the Carricke sodeynly he caused the Regent in the whiche he was aboord to make to the Carricke to craple with hir a long boorde and when they of the Carrike perceyued they coulde not departe they set slippe an ancre and so with the streame the shippes tourned and the Carrike was on the weather syde A cruell fight betvvixt the tvvo Nauies and the Regente on the lye side The fight was cruell betwixt those two shippes the Archers on the Englishe side and the Crossebowes on the Frenche parte doyng theyr vttermost to annoy eche other but finally the Englishmen entred the Carricke whyche being perceiued by a Gunner The Englishe â—…geâ—… and the Frenche Carricke brent togâ—…ther he desperatly set fyre in the gunpowder as some saye thoughe there were that affirmed howe sir Anthonye Oughtred following the Regent at the sterne bowged hir in diuers places and set hir pouder on fire But howe soeuer it chanced the whole ship by reason of the powder was set on fyer and so both the Carrike the Regent being crappled togyther so as they coulde not fall off were bothe consumed by fier at that instant The Frenche nauie perceiuyng this fled in al hast some to Brest and some to the Aâ—…es adioyning The Englishmen made out boates to helpe them in the Regent but the fire was so terrible that in maner no man durst approche sauing y t by the Iames of Hull certain Frenchemen that could swim were saued Captain of this Carrike was sir Piers Morgan with him he had in the same ship .ix. C. men with sir Thomas Kneuet and sir Iohn Carâ—…we were .vij. C. al drowned and brent The englishmen that might lay in Berthram Bay for the Frenche fleete was disparpled as ye haue heard The L. Admirall after this mischaunce thus hapned to these two worthy ships made agayn to the sea and skoured all alongest the coastes of Britayne Normandie and Picardie taking many Frenche ships and brenning suche as they could not well bring away wyth them The K. of England hearing of the losse of the Regent caused a great ship to be made such one as the like had neuer bin sene in EnglaÌ„d named hir Henrie grace de dieu Henry grace de Dieu The Frenche Kyng aboute the same tyme sent to a Knighte of the Rhodes called Prione Iehan a Frenchman borne of the countrey of Guyenne requiring him to come by the straytes of Marrocke into Britaine the whiche he did bringing w t him .iij. Galeis of force with diuers foists rowgaleys so wel ordinanced trimmed as the like had not bin seene in these parties before his coÌ„ming He had layn on the coasts of Barbarie to defend certeine of the religion as they came from Tripolie 1513 After that this Parliament was ended the king kept a solemne Chrisâ—… 〈…〉 with daunces and mummeries in must princely maner After Candelmasse the King 〈◊〉 sir Charles Brandon vicounts â—…e In Marche following Sir Charles Brandon created Viscount â—…le was the king nauie of shippes royall and other see foorth to the number of .xlij. beside other balengers vnder the conducte of the Lorde Admirall accompanied with sir Water Deurreux The nauie setteth out againe Abyd Fecites sir Wolâ—…tan Browne Sir Edward Ichyngham sir Anthony Peâ—… sir Iohn Wallop Sir Thomas Wyndam Syr Stephen Bull William Fitz William Arthur Plantaginet William Sydney Esquiers and diuers other noble and valiant capitains They sayled to Portesmouth and there laye abyding wynde and when the same serued their towne they weyed anker and makyng sayle into Britayne came into Berthram Bay and there laye at anker in sight of the French nauie which kept it selfe close within the hauen of Breste wâ—…yâ—…out proferyng to come abroade The Englishe nauie purposing to see vpon the Frenche in the hauen are defeated by a â—…ischaunce The Englishmen perceyuing the manner of the Frenchmen determined to set on them in the haueÌ„ and making forward in good order of battayl at their first entrie one of their ships wherof Arthur Plantagenet was captain fell on a blind rock and brast in sunder by reason wherof all the other stayed and so the english captains perceyuing that the hauen was dangerous to enter without an expert lodesman they caste aboute and returned to their harborough at Berthram Bay againe The Frenchemen perceyuing that the Englishmen meant to assayle them moored their ships so neere to the castell of Brest as they coulde and placed bulwarkes on the land on euery side to shoote at the Englishmen Also they trapped togither .xxiiij. greate hulkes that came to the Bay for salte and set them on a rowe to the intent that if the Englishmen hadde come to assault them they would haue set those hulks on fire and haue let them driue with the streame amongest the English shipps Priour Iehan also lay still in Blank sable Bay and plucked his galeys to the shore setting his basiliskes and other ordinance in the mouth of the Bay which baye was bulwarked on euery syde that by water it was not possible to be wonne The L. Admirall perceiuyng the French nauie thus to lye in fear wrote to the king to come thyther in person and to haue the honour of so high an enterprise whiche writing the kings counsell nothing allowed for putting the king in icopardie vpon the chance of the sea Wherefore the kyng
that it might be thought that he repyned and disdayned that any man shoulde be welthye but himselfe After he was gone the Commons debated the matter according to their former maner so in the ende concluded of ij s. of the lb from xx lb vpwardes and from xl s. to xx lb of euery xx s xij d. and vnder xl s. of euery head of xvj yeres and vpwarde .iiij. d. to be payde in two yeares When this was notified to the Cardinall be was much therewith offended so that to please him at length the Gentlemen of fiftie pounde lande and vpwarde Sir Iohn Husey by the liberall motion of sir Iohn Husey a knight of Lincolneshire were burthened with xij d. more of the pounde of the same landes to be payde in three yeares The Cardinall to moue them thereto bare them in hande that the Lordes had agreed to foure shillings of the pound which was vntrue for they had graunted nothing but stayed till they might vnderstande what the Commons would do The king therfore hauing knowledge of this Polidore and such other notable lyes vttered by the Cardinal reproued him therfore very sharply Cardinal Wolâ—…y reprooued by the king and sayde that ere it were long he would looke to things himself without any substitute A maruellous matter to consider how much the Cardinall was cooled herewith and how lowly for a whyle he bare himselfe so that thereby it well appeared howe the masters sharpenesse now and then both much to refrayne the euill nature of the seruaunt But the Cardinall within a fewe dayes after pacifying the kings displeasure towards him became nothing the better After that the foresayde graunt was passed and accorded the Parliament was proroged in the x. of Iune In this season the Cardinall by his poâ—… Legantine dissolued thâ—… coâ—…motation at Paules called by the Archbishop of Canterbâ—… â—…llâ—…ng him and all the Clergie to his conâ—…câ—…tion â—…aâ—… Westminster When the Parliament was begonne agayne the Gentlemen that perceyued themselues charged with xij d. more of y e pound for their landes did so much that it was graunted that men of fiftie pounde and vpwarde in goodes shoulde also pay xij pence of euerye pounde in the fourth yeare which coulde not be brought about but with great a do and much grudging of the Burgesses and Commons The xxxj of Iuly the Parliament was adiourned to Westminster and there continued till the xiij of August and that daye at nyne of the chiefe at night dissolued Arthur Plantage not created vicount Lisle During the time of this ParliameÌ„t the â—…iâ—… of Aprill was sir Artâ—… Plantageneâ—… bastarde sonne to king Edwarde the fourth at Bride wel created Vicount Lisle in right of his wyfe which was wyfe to Edmunde Dâ—…dley bene aded The king of Denmarke arâ—…eth in Englande This yeare the xv of Iune Christeâ—…e king of Denmarke with his wyfe and a smal â—…aine with them landed at Douer where he was nobly receyued by the Earle of Deuonshire the bishoppes of Execter and Rochester and diuerse Knights and Esquires whiche brought them to Grenewich where the King and Queene receiued them with all honor and after he had remayned at the Couâ—… certaine dayes he was brought to London and â—…odged at Barhe place He saâ—…e the watche on S. Peters euen beyng brought vnto the Kings heade in Cheape accompanied with the Duke of Suffolke the erles of Oxeforde Essex and Kent and diuers other Lordes and Ladies The Citie made to him and to his wyfe a costly banket that night The citie of London banketteth the k. of Denmarke and after he had passed the time a while in London he resorted againe to the king and had of him great giftes and so likewise had his wyfe of the Queene hir aunt and then taking their leaue departed and were conueyed to Douer And thus after this king had bene in Englande xxij days The king of Denmark departeth out of England into Flaunders he tooke shipping and sayled againe into FlauÌ„ders where he remayned as a banished man out of his countrey About the same time the Earle of Kildare being restored to the Cardinals fauour Polidore taking to wife the Lady Elizabeth Grey The Earle of Kildare restored to his office of Deputie ship of IrelaÌ„d was sent ouer again into Ireland to â—…py his former office where by the assistaunce of his faithfull frende Hugh Hinke Archbishop of Dublin and Chancellour of that lande he brought the countrie into reasonable good order so farre as the rebellious doings of the wilde Irish woulde perâ—… In this meane whyle Hall the warre was earnest by pursued betwene England and Fraunce and Englande and Scotlande insomuch that reâ—…pâ—… did what in them lay to hurt other On the borders toward Scotlande lay the Earle of Sâ—…rey highe Admiâ—… of Englande and the Marques Dorset with his brethren sir WilliaÌ„ Compton and sir William Kingston with diuerse other Knights and Esquires sent to them by the King which dayly inuaded the Realme of Scotlande Scotland sore spoyled and threwe downe the castell of Wederborne the castel of West Nesgate the castell of Blackâ—… the tower of Maâ—…kwalles y e tower of â—…aâ—…â—…sgate and manye other and vnâ—… unto the number of xxxvij villages and haried the couÌ„trie from the east marches to y e west and 〈◊〉 had skirmish for the Scottes albeit they â—…wâ—… themselues in pâ—…s waâ—…ting some aduauntage theyr â—…st not yet approch to the 〈◊〉 battaile of the Englishmen so that in all this iourney there were but few Englishmen lost When the Lords perceiued that the Scots ment not to make any inuasion into Englande this yeare they tâ—… 〈◊〉 order for the fortifying of the frontiers and so returned It was thought that the Cardinall perceyuing in what fauour Sir William Compton Polidor was with the king and doubting least the same might deminishe his authoritie deuysed to send him thus into the warres agaynst the Scots for the sayde sir William coulde not well brooke the Cardinals presumption in taking vpon him so highly to the derogation of the Kings supreme gouernement and therefore the Cardinall in his absence thought to worke him out of fauour but it would not be for shortly after was sir William Compton called home to the Court againe The Frenchmen meaning to destroy Caleis hauen are disapointed by missing the chanell The Frenchmenne burned a shippe fraught with stone in the hauen of Caleys vpon hope to haue destroyed the hauen but they missed the chanell in bringing in their shippe and so after that the shippe was consumed with fire the stones were recouered out of the water brought into Caleys which serued the Englishe to good vse Diuers enterprises were atchieued betwixt them of the garrisons French and Englishe in those marches In Iuly the Lord Sandes treasurer of Caleys with other captayns and souldiers A rode made into the FreÌ„ch grounde to the number of xij C. entred
in Smithfield Anabaâ—…insts burns who dyed in great horror with roaring and crying Thunder and haile The .xxx. of Iuly in the after noone was a great tempest of lightning and thunder wherethrough both men and beastes in dyuerse places were stryken dead Also at that tyme fell greate abundance of hayle whereof the stones in many places were founde to be sixe or seuen ynches aboute The Glasse house burnt The fourth of September being Sunday about seuen of the clock in the morning a certain Glassehouse which sometyme had bene the crossed Friers hall neare to the Tower of London brast out on a terrible fire where vnto the Lorde Maior Aldermen and Sherifes with all expedition repayred and practised there all meanes possible by water buckets hookes and otherwise to haue quenched it all which notwithstanding whereas the same house in a small tyme before had consumed great quantitie of woodde by making of fine drinking glasses now it self hauing within it neare .xl. thousand billets of wood was all consumed to the stone walles which walles greatly defended the fire from spreading further and doing any more harme The .xxvj. of September a Pulters wife in the Parish of Christes Church within Newgate of London was deliuered and brought to bed of foure children at one burthen all females or mayden children which were Christened by the names of Elizabeth Marie Margaret and Dorothie and the same day Moneth the mother was buryed but all the foure Children liuing in good liking were borne to Church after hir On Michaelmasse euen at night the like impressions of fire and smoke were seene in the aire to flash out the North East North Northwest as had beene on the .xxv. of Nouember last before passed The tenth of October many French and some English men but all Pirates of the Seas were arraigned at y e admiraltie court in Southwarke where to the number of .xxij. were condemned and had sentence of death pronounced agaynst them The Maior of London went by water to Westminster and there tooke his othe as hath beene accustomed he kept no feast at the Guild-hall but dined at his owne house with his brethren the Aldermen and other The companies dyned at theyr seuerall Halles c. This was done as in the yeare last before passed to auoyde the infection of the plague which might haue encreased by comming togyther of greater numbers of people That weeke from the .xxij. vnto the .xxviij. of October deceassed in the Citie and libertyes of all diseases one hundred thirtie and two of the which number .xxxvj. were accounted to die of the plague The next weeke following ending the thirde of Nouember thankes be giuen to God therefore there deceased of all diseases but Cx. and of them of the plague but .xxvj. This yeare by reason of the troubles in the low Countreys An. Reg. 18. 1576 the English Marchants susteyned great losses dyuerse wayes for the men of warre that kept the Seas aduowing themselues to bee reteyned with the Prince of Orange vnder colour to searche for theyr aduersaries goodes oftentymes bourded the Englishe shippes as they mette with them on the Seas finally to the profite of them to whome the same shippes goodes appertayned Some they stayed and tooke away with them and at length there was a generall restraynt made by the Prince of Orange that no English shippes should passe to or fro the towne of Andwerpe by the riuer of Scheld such being arrested and deteyned at Flishing as were comming downe that riuer and other likewise that were bound vp the same time towardes Andwerpe The English merchants feeling themselues thus molested and damnified at sundry seasons exhibited their complaintes to the Queenes Maiesties couÌ„sell who accordingly dealt froÌ„ time to time with the Prince of Orange and his deputies for redresse but specially now vpoÌ„ this general restraint although gret difficultie appeared in the mater aswell for contenting of the aduenturers of Flishyng â—…ese foure â—…ppes were â—…ed for satisfaction of 〈◊〉 Simons â—…ppe out of 〈◊〉 whiche a 〈◊〉 â—…hynger 〈◊〉 taken cerâ—…yne times of â—…arie wine as for y t there had bene foure shippes belonging to the Prince arrested stayed at Falmouth at length yet such English shippes as were kept holden at Flishing were releassed and sent home But not till two of the English marchantes aduenturers men of good calling and estimation hauing first as hath bene saide made a certaine maner of proteste were faine to enter into bande for the loane of a summe of money â—…tire Calâ—…y William Godard and were therewith kepte at Flishyng till the contract in that behalf might be performed wherevpon the Queenes Maiestie misliking that hir subiectes should be thus hardly dealt with armed and set forth certayne of hir shippes whiche going to the seas to see that hir subiectes might trauerse the same in safetie tooke diuers of the Flishingers vessels and brought theÌ„ into the English streames The Flishingers herewith on the other parte tooke and arrested other of the English ships so that the troubles seemed rather to increase than to be in any wise appeased Although afterwardes by sending two and fro the mater was taken vp and suche order had as was thought to stande very well for the suertie commoditie and good liking of the English Merchantes But in the meane time and before this could be brought to passe through a disordered mutinie whiche chaunced among the Spanishe Souldiers it so fell out that the States of those lowe countreys agreed with the Prince of Orange set themselues wholy agaynst the Spaniardes wherevpon the yong Counte de Egmont the Marques de Hauery entred the towne of Andwerpe with a power of Souldiers for y e States ment to haue kept that towne against the Spaniardes that helde the Castell but they doubting to be enclosed and shut vp by some siege This was the â—â—eth of Noâ—…ber 〈◊〉 one and â—…er slayne â—…ewned and 〈◊〉 got moe of their fellowes to them entred the towne by force and pitifully killing no small number of people sacked the towne put aswel the townesmen as others that were Merchantes resident there to their ransomes Amongst other our Englishmen escaped not altogither free so as diuers were spoyled of that they had and the whole nuÌ„ber put to their ransome although vpon the sending ouer of Doctor Wilson hir Maiesties Ambassadour so much of the raunsom as remayned vnpayde was promised to be remitted Thus were our Merchants euill intreated on ech hand by reason of those ciuill tumultes in the lowe countreys aswell this yeare as in the former yeares past and small hope would be of better successe there if some ende shoulde not be had of that ciuill dissention whiche hath so long continued betwixt the King of Spayne his subiectes in those countreys not onely to the hinderance of themselues but also of others that haue to trade among them specially for traffique sake and entercourse of
with fire vnder them in hope to catche the fattest suche as by reason of theyr weight do oftenest leape shorte Certes y e tast of these is reputed to be most delicate and therfore their price is cōmonly greater than of the rest It is inhibited in Scotland to take any Salmon from the eight of September vntill the xv of Nouember Finally there is no mā that knoweth readily whereon this fishe liueth for neuer was any thing yet found in their bellies other than a thicke slymy humour Of the sundry kindes of Muskles and Cockles in Scotland and pearles gotten in the same of the vncouth and strange fish there to be seene and of the nature of the herbe Cythisus commonly called Hadder Chap. 9. HEre it resteth that I shewe the nature of Muskles Cockles wherof we haue many sundry kindes amongst vs of these also so◅e are small and yet if they be eaten fresh are not without a naturall delicacy in tast Others are greater not vnlike in forme quātitie to those that haue the purple albeit that they are vtterly voyde thereof yet is their meate and substance right pleasant in the eating There are of an other sorte whiche are longer greater than either of these called horse Muskles to be had in the Dee the Done in these are the pearles ingendred Certes they loue to be resident in the deepest and cleerest waters that are voyde of mudde filth such is their estimation among the deintiest kindes of foode that they were not vnworthely called of old time widowes lustes Their shelles also are as it were wrought euen from the very toppes and thereto ful of spottes ▪ wherein as in yeld of gaine they farre exceede al other These early in the morning Cardane denieth this lib. 7. de Subtilitate in the gētle cleere calme ayre lift vp their vpper shel◅s mouthes a litle aboue the water and there receiue of the fine pleasant breath or dew of heauen afterwardes according to the measure quantitie of this vitall force receyued they firste conceyue ▪ then swell and finally product the pearle They are so sensible quicke of hearing y t although you standing on the bray or banke aboue them do speake neuer so softly or throw neuer so small a stone into the water yet they wil descrie yo◅ and settle againe to the botome without returne for that time Doubtlesse they haue as it were a naturall carefulnesse of their owne commodity as not ignorant how great estimation wee mortall men make of the same amongst vs and therefore so soone as the fisher men do catche them they binde their shelles togither for otherwise they would open and shea◅ theyr pearles of purpose for whiche they know themselues to be taken and pursued Their maner of apprehension is this first foure or fiue persons go into the riuer togither vp vnto the shoulders and there stand in a compasse one by another with poles in their handes wherby they rest more surely sith they fixe thē in the ground stay with one hand vpon them Then casting their eyes downe to the botome of the water they espie where they lie by their shinyng and cleerenesse and with their toes take them vp for the deapth of the water will not suffer them to stoupe for them giue thē to such as stand next them The perles that are so gotten in Scotlād are not of small value they are very orient and bright light round somtimes of the quantitie of y e nayle of ones litle finger as I haue had seene by mine own experiēce Almost such another muskle found on the coast of Spaine the shels whereof are gathered by such as go in pilgrimage to S. Iames brought into Scotlād but they are w tout perles bicause thei liue in salt water which is an enimy to y e Margarite but Cardane also denieth it In all the sea coastes also of Scotlād are Cockles M◅skles of the same forme but without this commodity Many vncouth and strange shapes of fish likewise are seene there whereof some are armed with shelles some with harde skales and diuers round as a ball skinned like an Ircheon or Hedgehogge hauing but one conduct bothe for purgation of their excrements and reception of their sustenaūce To shew euery kinde of fish that is in Scotlād it were but a vaine trauaile sith the same are knowē almost in euery region In like sorte we haue such plenty of fishe vpon our seuerall coastes that although Millions infinite numbers of them be taken on the one day yet on the next their losse wil so be supplied with new store that nothing shal be missing by reason of the yesterfang so bountifull is God in these his benefites vnto vs. Furthermore there is another gift bestowed vpon vs by the singular prouidence of God For the greater dearth and penury of flesh and corne is seene in Scotland the greater store of fishe is taken vpon our shores In like sorte in the desertes and wilde places of this realme there groweth an hearbe of it self called Hadder or Hather very delicate Galen lib. 1. de An◅ lo◅is saith that Cytisus is no hearbe but a shrubbe and so dothe Pliny lib. 12. cap 3 lib. 13. cap 24 lib 16. cap 38 And Columella in the end of his 5. boke where he accompteth it amōg trees as Columella lib. 9. cap. 4. sayth for Goates and all kinde of cattell to feede vpon and likewise for diuers Foules but Bees especially This herbe in Iune yeeldeth a purple floure sweete as bony whereof the Pictes in time paste did make a pleasaunt drinke and very wholesome for the body but for asmuche as the maner of making hereof is perished in the hauocke made of the Pictes when the Scottes subdued their countrey it lieth not in me to set downe the order of it neyther shewed they euer the learning hereof to any but to their owne nation Finally there is no parte of Scotland so barren and vnprofitable but it produceth eyther yron or some other kinde of mettall as may be proued easely thorow out all the Iles that are annexed to the same Of the Iles of Scotland and such notable things as are to be found in them Chap. 10. BEing fallen at the laste into mention of our Iles I wil addresse my self to describe the same in maner and forme as followeth In the Irishe sea betwixt Ireland and Scotlande are forty and three Iles whereof some are xxx myles long diuers xij and others more or lesse These are called by some writers Euboniae and by other Hebrides But the principall of them all is that of Man whiche lieth ouer against Galloway and was sometime the principall seate of the Driuydes as Cornelius Tacitus Cesar in his Cōmentaries and other R◅mayne writers do testifie at large North from the I le of Man lieth Arran otherwise named Botha after S. Brandons time who dwelled