charged at A. the Skrew-faucet which is to bee filled with a Composition of slack-burning-Powder is at B. the manner of twilting the Granado is at C. You must likewise bee very circumspect whether the Priming-powder burnes quicke or slow lest it should fire before it comes at the place assigned those Granadoes that are made of Glasse or Earth are to be used after the same manner as the former is not forgetting to anoint them all over with Tallow for feare of flawes and crackes Now for those Granadoes which are to be throwne by the hand the substance they are made of is Brasse three parts and Tinne one which being cast in a Mould are made hollow and about halfe an Inch thicke the Brasse must bee melted before the Tinne be put in the fashion is of a Pomgranat the Concavitie is to bee filled halfe full of fine corne-powder and the other halfe next the vent is to be filled with Serpentine-Powder mingled with Rosin beaten to powder so that for three parts of Serpentine-powder you take one of Rosin then putting into the Snowt or hole of it a little fine Powder which makes it fire the sooner being held in the Right-hand ready to cast from you at the same instant fire being given to it with a Match it is tost over into the Enemies Workes where it breakes in divers peeces destroying all neere it the fashion of them you may behold in the next Figure following There is no way to prevent the force of these but by extinguishing them with raw Hides or tumbling them into water to choke the Powder before the Priming-powder bee burnt to the Corne-powder wherefore divers Souldiers are to bee appointed with Skoopes and others with Hides to quench them in the water or to choake them for want of vent There are some Granadoes made without a snowte very round only a vent-hole whereby it is filled with Powder as you see at the Figure B this being filled with fine powder is to bee put into an Earthen-pot so farre bigger that it may hold it and a quantity of Powder besides then divers threds of Cotton being folded together and boyled in Salt-Peeter and Brimstone to make it apt to hold fire the said Pot being covered at the mouth with a skinne close tyed then crossing the Pot with a peece of Wyer as you perceive at the figure D divers peeces of this Match is tyed about it being well lighted so that when the Pot is throwne and breakes with the fall the Match fires the Powder whereby the Granado is also fired And this is the securest way to throw them Note if the Granado be of Glasse then the skrew-tappe that is to goe into the vent-hole to carry the Priming-powder must be of Wood for the Glasse will breake so soone as the fire toucheth it View the Figure CHAP. CCXLV The use of the Fire-ball to fire Houses Bridges or Ports with the manner of framing them THe use of the wild-fire Ball is to bee shot out of a Morter-piece or Canon to fire Houses Ports or Bridges they are framed after this manner First there must be had three or foure pieces of Iron of equall length sharp-pointed like an Adders tongue they are to be rivited one into the other just in the middest so as the one may crosse the other justly then take Goose-grease or Swines-grease one part of Tarre halfe a quarter as much of Pitch two parts of Aqua-vitae halfe a quarter part of Lin-seede Oyle one part of Verdigrease a quarter part of waxe halfe a quarter part of Groome a quarter part of Salt-peeter meale one part these being mixed together over a slow fire and in the liquid mixture dippe a good quantity of Tow and linnen raggs then rub the same well in bruised Powder the which being rowled hard about the afore-said Irons and bound about very straight with wyer or pack-threed not forgetting to bore two holes quite a-crosse the said Composition which must be filled with good bruised Powder they are to be put downe into the piece next the Powder that the priming holes may take fire and being shot out wheresoever they sticke they will fire it suddenly the like balls may be made without Iron to throw with the hand against the Enemy view the Figures following CHAP. CCXLVI The use of Lanthornes and hollow Plates filled with pibble Stones and Musquet Bullets for the defending of Breaches FOr the defending of a Breach and disabling the Enemy from making his forcible entry it is necessary to have in store and readinesse divers hollow round plates like halfe Bullets the one is to shut over the other like a Boxe lid this is to be filled with pibble Stones or Musquet Bullets or square peeces of iron called Dice-shot this being discharged out of a Murthering peece will doe much hurt also your Lanthornes are made of soft Wood after the fashion of our ordinary Lanthornes these beeing filled with stones and shot out of a Peece will breake in peeces and the stones will doe wonderfull execution against those that shall enter a Breach a Bridge or Port View the Figures following CHAP. CCXLVII. How to make a certaine Stone to burne in the Water or to kindle fire in the greatest storme of Raine being very usefull in the Warres THere is a certaine Stone to be made which will kindle eyther by laying water on it or by spitting upon it it is very usefull in the Warres in time of tempestuous raine when Souldiers matches are out or for the firing of any Houses or Bridges when other kinde of fires will not burne the Composition is this Take unslak'd Lime one part Tutia Alexandrina unprepared one part Salt-peeter well refined one part all these must bee well beaten and fifted and bound hard together with a peece of new Linnen cloth then put it into a couple of earthen Cups such as Goldsmiths use to melt their mettals in the mouthes of the which must bee joyned together and fast bound with iron wyre and dawbed over with Siment that it breathes not out then dryed a while in the Stone it must be put into a Furnace where Bricke is burning or other earthen Vessels there to remaine untill they bee burnt then taking it out it will seeme like to a Bricke stone and when any water toucheth it it will burne immediately Otherwise if you please to make a fire-ball to burn in the water you must take powder bruised ten parts Peeter in meale two parts Peeter Roch one part Sulphure meale three parts Turpentine one part Linseed oyle one part Camphire a quarter part Arsenick a quarter part Verdi-grease a quarter part Bole Armoniacke a quarter part Corns of Bay salt 1 â—â— part filings of iron â…• part Quick silver 1 â—â— part these things being well blended and mingled together with the hand in some woodden Vessell Then taking a peece of Canvasse and cut out a round peece as big as you please which being sowed together and filled with
this Receit then strongly bound with pack-thread and coted with moulten pitch making therein but one vent of an inch deep wherein must be put fine powder to prime it bruised very small this being fired with a match after it hath burnt awhile ding it into any water it will rise and burne furiously upon the top this is very proper to set fire upon the Enemies floates or Galleries that are built upon the water there shall need no Figure to demonstrate this CHAP. CCXLVIII Of certaine earthen Bottels filled with a kinde of mixture to be fired which are thrown amongst the Enemie THere are certaine Earthen Bottels to be made of a round fashion being not halfe burnt are best for this use they are invented to disorder the Enemies Rankes or to astonish them being whirld out of the Souldiers hands amongst the Enemies will soone make them give ground the device is this having got as many of these Bottels as shall be thought requisite these must bee filled halfe full of Serpentine powder or somewhat more there is to be mixt with it a quantity of Hogges grease Oyle of Stone Brimstone Saltpeeter twice refined Aqua vitae Pitch these being stirred together over a soft fire in some earthen vessell this composition being put into the Bottell with fine powder bruised to cause it to fire suddainly the Bottell is to have a Cord to throw it by this hath wrought strange effects Also there is a kinde of Composition which is besmeared about Ropes ends and Hoopes which are to be throwne from a Wall upon the Enemy which will burne and disorder them wonderfully especially at the scaling of a Wall The Composition is this take Sulphre in meale sixe parts of Rozin in meale three parts these being melted in a Pan over a slow fire then taking Stone-pitch one part hard waxe one part of Towe halfe a quarter part of Aqua vitae halfe a quarter part of Camphire â…› parts these being also melted together there must bee stirred into it Saltpeeter-meale two parts and when it is taken off the fire there must be foure parts of bruised powder mixt with it these being oynted upon Hoopes and Ropes and set on fire wheresoever they light they cannot be quenched but will burne the Enemy to death View the Figures following CHAP. CCXLIX How a frame of Musquets are to be made and ordâ—red for the defence of a Breach or for the flanking of a Battalia of Pikes THe use of this frame of Musquets is very excellent both in the defence of Breaches Bridges Ports or to be plac'd before the Divisions of Pikes or flanking the Pikes in Battell whereby the Enemie will be wonderfully shaken and by the helpe of a few men which are to remove them too and fro and to give fire to the traines strange exploits may be performed The manner of it is thus A Frame is made of Boordes or Planke three Stories high one story halfe a foot above the other and a foot or more behinde one the other the lowermost tyre is to lye about three foot from the ground the next halfe a foot above that and so the third there are certain quilles or small spouts of Brasse to goe from one touch-hole to the other so that the traine being fired they shall one discharge after another beginning first with the uppermost tyre as the Enemy enters the Breach then the second and the lowermost last there is also a broad plate which shall be plac'd over the Breeches of the Musquets that no sparkles may fall downe into the Pans of the second nor the lowermost tyre each tyre is to hold twelve Musquets a breast one being plac'd a foot distance from the other there are certaine Ringles on each side to remove it by There is one in Germany that hath onely twelve Musquets which may be discharged eight and forty times according to the French new invention for Pistols This was practised at Ostend when Duke Albert made his potent assault by which he was wonderfully repuls'd View the Figure CHAP. CCL An Instrument called a Flaile used in the defending of a Breach or scaling of a Wall or when the Enemy is at handy blowes THis instrument is used in the Warres to defend breaches or when the Enemy is entered the streets of a Towne and are at close fight then these are the onely weapons for dispatch there being no defence for it it is made much after the fashion of a Flayle onely the Swingill is short and very thicke having divers Iron Pikes in it upon all parts of it that which way soever it falles it destroyes divers souldiers are appointed to attend the Enemies assaulting the Breach some standing at one end of the Breach the residue at the other and when the Enemy is come up at push of Pike so close that the Pikemen can make no use of their Pikes then these Flayles makes way through their Head-peeces and Armour View the Figure CHAP. CCLI The use of the Turne-pike and how it is framed and of the excellent defence it makes both against Horse and Foote upon all straights and passages THis Instrument is of great use to bee cast into straites breaches passages or high-wayes for which way soever it is rowled there bee sharpe pikes towards the Enemy to hinder his approches the manner of framing of it is after this manner First there is a round Beame of light wood as Firre or Sallow about twelve Inches in circumference and ten or twelve foot long at every halfe-footes length or under there must bee holes bored thorow every way a-crosse then there must bee Staves fitted for those holes of good seasoned Ash about a yard and a halfe long somewhat tapering towards each end the ends of these Staves must bee armed with Iron Pikes cheeked downe a good way that they may not bee hackt off with their Swords then being droven into the foresaid holes just halfe way of the Staffe it will bee defensive which way soever it bee turned the beame is to be so made that one may be fastned to the other by hookes at each end so that if need bee halfe a score of them may bee coupled together or otherwise as the breach or passage is in breadth the Musqueâ—iers may shoot over them and the Pikes may defend them so that the Enemy shall not have the advantage to pull them asunder and so long as they lye neither Horse nor Foot can passe for them when they are to be transported by waggon then the Staves are to be knockt out that they may lye in closer roome View the Figure following CHAP. CCLII The use of the Pallizadoes to prevent both Horse and Foote from any sudden assault and how they are framed HIs Excellency the Prince of Orange had alwayes these Instruments carryed in his Army either by Water or by Land for wheresoever hee did incampe his Army for any time especially if the Enemy were quartered neere he alwayes gave directions to
with your Royall Motto Exurgat Deuâ— dissipentur Aenimici Your most faithfull and loyall Subiect and Servant R. W. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE ROBERT EARLE OF WARWICK AND TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE WILLIAM Lord Maynard of Elton Lord Lievetenants for the County of Essex And to the right worshipfull the Deputie Lievetenants and Noble Captaines of the same RIght Honorable and right Worshipfull in the ancient Roman Coyne the picture of Mars was usually stampt with a Iavelin in one hand a scourge in the other and the Portraict of a Cocke standing by him The Iavelin intimated Prowesse the scourge Authority and the Cocke Vigillancie and indefatigable care What was but ingraven on that Coyne is vively expressed in all your Honours and Worships actions which doubtlesse moved that Royall hand to conferre upon you the high charge of ordering his martiall affaires in this County of Essex Your high Authoritie and my service under it hath moved me to present unto your viewes a Treatise of War a subject in these perilous times very requisite to be regarded especially by men of this honorable profession since we perceive all doubts in adjacent dominions are now decided onely by dint of the Sword Proximus ardetucalligon our neighbours house is of a light fire their Townes and Towers burne like Beacons We know not how soone their flame may catch hold of our owne buildings War being in a neighbour Province like fire in the next dwellings which can hardly be kept off but by good helpe No helpe better to divert a warre then a skilfull Souldiery for that enemy which dares doe much against a numerous people unskilfull in the feates of Armes will consider well before he attempts any thing against those that be Warlike though of far lesse numbers nothing makes a people warlike so soone as maintenance of Marshall discipline nor doth anything make the Common wealth more safe then that This was one motive which instigated me first to undertake this hard and difficult taske and not out of any ambition to teach since it is well knowne that your Honours and Worships are well verst both in the Practicke and Speculative knowledge of Warre And inregard your Noble professions are adorned with the truest rules adherent to these actions it is in a manner superfluus for me to commend these unpollisht Lines to your viewes you being no strangers to this subject Yet as Mela sayd once in his discription of Italy De Italia magis quia ordo exegit quam quia monstrari eget pauca dicentur nota sunt omnia the like I may justly say concerning this discourse of Warlik discipline it is so obvious to your sight that you neede not the spectacles of Letters yet something I must say rather for methods sake unto your Lordships then necessitie and I hope it shall not seeme impertinent unto your Honours since your golden Spirits cannot admit of such effeminizing as the Pithagorians which inhabited Amicle a Towne in Italy who often being terrified with a vaine rumour of their enemies approach promulgated a Law forbidding all such reports by which meanes their enemies comming unawares upon them tooke the Towne from hence grew the Proverbe Amiclas silentium perdidit therefore with Lucillius who was commanded to he silent I must returne this answer to those that ure not verst in these martiall affaires but are altogether submergeâ—in securitie Mihi necesse est loqui Sâ—â—o enim Amiclas silentio perijsse It is not unknowne to your Honours and Worships who are experienced how farre both Officers and Souldiers are degenerated from former ages in which they made the use and practice of Armes their glory but our age makes it a burthen and a shame to use and beare that name which of all attributes and titles is most honorable if such would with Cicero consider to what end they were borne with him they would confesse Non nobis solum nati sumus sed etiam pro Patria Wherefore the noble profession of a Souldier is a thing of no small consequence when as true Religion cannot be maintained the honour and safetie of our gracious King cannot be safe the possession and welfare of our kingdome cannot be injoyed nor the subduing of our enemies cannot be atchieved but by and under the shadow of the well managed Sword For indeede the infinite chances hazards and events of War are so doubtfull and dangerous that as Iason sayd to Epaminondas hee is not wise that doth not feare them seeing as I have sayd before the whole world is in combustion we ought to fit our selves and provide for the hardest for certainely expert commanders can easily conquer those that are Novices and a battell once lost hath an ill tayle or consequence as the great Souldier and Statesman Commineus saith un Battaille perdu a maunaise queúe for it redoubleth the hope and courage of the victors and discourageth and astonisheth the vanquished it shaketh the fidelitie of Subjects it ministreth matter and opportunitie of conspiracie to Malecontents of revolts to Townes and of Allienation to confederates who commonly sway with the good successe And for this cause all Princes have beene very vigilant and carefull to have their Commanders very expert and valiant and their Subjects well exercised in the use of Armes that no sudden danger should dismay them nor no Enemie too subtill for them for although a Nation be never so well verst in all Politick Stratagems and most able to manage a Warre yet there are many accidents that the Engine of wit cannot evade whereby mighty Armies may be dissipated and disperst and the greatest enterprises overthrowne Aâ— sometimes it hath fallen out by the death of some one man sometimes by the dissention of Leaders and Captaines amongst themselves sometimes by mutinie of Souldiers sometimes by meanes of a Tempest or unseasonable weather sometimes by Plagues or other diseases in the Campe and as Guicchardine noteth in his second Booke by mistake of a Commanmandement eyther not well understood or ill executed by a little timerity or disorder which may happen by some evill words or speeches even of the meanest Souldiers and as Commineus further relates that be the Counsell never so well taken and the plot never so well layd yet it is seldome or never executed in the field as it is ordayned in the Chamber what infinite care and paines therefore my Lords ought every particular Officer under your Honours Commands take in preparing themselves and fitting their Souldiers against the time of Service that they may be able to eschew these dangers and vindicate honour and triumph to themselves that they may seeme worthy to be crowned with the wreathes of victory as Valer. Max. lib. 2. reporteth that no Captaine was worthy to be honored with a Crowne of Lawrell cloathed in rich Purple and mounted in the golden Chariot of Fame unlesse he had fought some notable battell against the Enemy wherein
from Innovations and Rebellions ibid. Chap. 186. A politick way to stay mutinies in an Army 340 Chap. 187. A policie used by King William to Malcolme King of Scotland ibid. Chap. 188. Politicke observations in a confederate War ibid. Chap. 189. A policie used by the Governour of Croizon to make his cowardly Souldiers fight 341 Chap. 190. A policie used by Generalls to beguile hunger in a streight besieged Towne ibid. Chap. 191. A politicke Stratagem practised by the Governour of Berghen against the Prince of Parma's Forces ibid. Chap. 192. A politicke observation for a Generall if he feares his enemies Battell to march from him by night 342 Chap. 193. A politicke Stratagem whereby the King of Naples regained the possession of a Citie and Castle formerly lost to the French ibid. Chap. 194. A politicke Stratagem used by Nauplius against the Graecians as they came for the Island of Euboea ibid. Chap. 195. An excellent policie used by Mahomet Bassa to conceale the death of Soliman from his Souldiers at Sigeth in Hungary ibid. Chap. 196. A politicke Stratagem used by Simon sonne of Miltiades whereby hee overthrew the Sea and Land-Forces of the Persians in one day 348 Chap. 197. A policie of the Duke of Burbon to cause his flying Souldiers to stand a Charge ibid. Chap. 198. A policie used by Henry the fift being overcharged with prisoners ibid. Chap. 199. A Stratagem whereby the Towne of Fast-Castle in Scotland was taken from the English ibid. Chap. 200. A notable policie whereby the Island of Sarke was taken from the French 344 Chap. 201. A politicke device used by Iugurth to helpe his Army in case it were overthrowne ibid. Chap. 202. A politicke Stratagem used by Count Pedro Navarese to beate his enemies from a Breach ibid. Chap. 203. A policie used by the Prince of Orange to drowne his enemy out of his Trenches and then to relieve the Towne by Boats 345 Chap. 204. A policie used by the Spaniards against the French to prevent the power of their Horse against their foote ibid. Chap. 205. A politicke Stratagem whereby the Lord Poynings gained a Castle at Samer-dubois there being no accesse to it with Ordnance ibid. Chap. 206. A policie used by Mounsieur Lautreck to make his forraigne assistance to fight ibid. Chap. 207. How Scipio by his policie defeated the Carthaginians of their designe 346 Chap. 208. A politicke Stratagem used by Philopaemen against Nabis ibid. Chap. 209. A politicke Stratagem to prevent an Enemy from entring the Ports being blowne open ibid. Chap. 210. A politicke Stratagem used by Maximilian whereby he took the Towne of Arras ibid. Chap. 211. A policie to prevent mischiefe when two great Princes meete to discourse 347 Chap. 212. A policie to conduct Troopes of Horse over Bogges c. ibid. Chap. 213. A policie used by the Citizens of Priennia which caused the enemie to leave his Seige ibid. Chap. 214. A politicke Stratagem whereby young Scipio brought Haniball into suspicion with Antiochus 348 Chap. 215. Politicke devises used by Archelaus Methridates to cause his Souldiers to fight ibid. Chap. 216. A politick Stratagem used by Flavius to bring Gracchus into an Ambush 349 Chap. 217. A policie whereby Haniball had like to have caused the Romans to have fled ibid. Chap. 218. A politicke Stratagem used by Marcius to make use of the Carthaginians securitie 350 Chap. 219. A politicke Stratagem whereby Asdruball delivered his Army out of a great strait from Nero. ibid. Chap. 220. How Haniball by using of a politick Stratagem in preventing his Horse Troopes gained a victory from Fulvius 315 Chap. 221. How by the wisedome of Crispinus the politicke Stratagem of Haniball was prevented 352 Chap. 222. A policie whereby Scipio had 300. Romans armed and instructed without the charge of the Generall ib. Chap. 223. A politicke Stratagem used by the French whereby they vanquished Lucius Post-humus and his army 353 Chap. 224. The policie of Cyrus how to gaine valiant and loyall Commanders in his service ibid. Chap. 225. A policie to stirre up emulation amongst Souldiers ibid. Chap. 226. A policie to be used at the entring of an Eâ—nemies Towne c. 354 Chap. 227. A politick Stratagem whereby Fabius the Consull tooke the towne of Arpos ibid. Chap. 228. A politick Stratagem of Scipio in counterfeiting an intrenchment ibid. Chap. 229. A politick Stratagem whereby Haniball gained a Towne of great Consequence under the pretence of bringing in a Wilde Bore 355 Chap. 230. The policie of Zenophon in electing of Hostages 356 Chap. 231. A policie of Zenophon whereby he deluded his enimie with his small army causing them to thinke it to be of a mighty strength ibid. Chap. 232. A policie used by the Prince of Orange to delude an Enemie from succouring a towne 357 Chap. 233. An Imposture used by Sertorius whereby he confirmed his Souldiers valour ib. Chap. 234. How a Scottish King by an Imposture caused his souldiers to be valiant whereby he obtained a victory ibid. Chap. 235. A politicke Imposture used by Boniface whereby he gained the Papacie 358 Chap. 236. A Politcike Imposture whereby wonderfull things have beene atchieved ibid. Chap. 237. A Politicke Imposture used by Minos to bring in and establish his lawes ibid. Chap. 238. A Politicke Imposture used at the Interments of Emperours to make the pople believe they were highly honored of God 359 Chap. 239. A Politicke Imposture able to seduce multitudes by walking upon the water idid Chap. 240. Illusions whereby divers learned and Iudicious men have beene deceived ibid. Chap. 241. How Spinola at the siege of Breda gained intelligence of all the proceedings both in the Prince of Oranges Campe and in the Towne of Breda 360 Chap. 242. A Stratagem whereby the Prince of Orange had like to have gained Antwerpe Castle 361 SECT XIIII A Description of Engines and warlike Instruments Chap. 243. The description of such Engines and Warlike Instruments as are prevalent in the warres with the manner of using them and how to make them 362 Chap. 244. The use of Granadoes how they are made and charged with Powder and how they are to be discharged out of a Morter or throwen by the hand 363 Chap. 245. The use of Fire-balls with the manner of framing them 365 Chap. 246. The use of Lanthorns and Hollow Plates filled with stones and Bulletts for the defending of Breaches 366 Chap. 247. How to make a certaine stone to burne in the water or to kindle fire in raine ibid. Chap. 248. Of certaine earthen Bottels filled with a kinde of mixture to be fired and throwen among the Enemies 367 Chap. 249. How a Frame of Musquets are to be made and ordered â—68 Chap. 250. An instrument called a Flaile ibid. Chap. 251. The use of the Turne-Pike and how it is framed 369 Chap. 252. The use of Pallizadoes and how they are framed ibid. Chap. 253. The use of the Calthrope and of the Spiked Planke 370. Chap. 254. The use of the Bome or
Barricadoe 371. Chap. 255. Of a second kinde of Bonme or Barricadoe to lay over a River 372 Chap. 256. Duke Alberts invention for the staying the Hollanders Ships at Ostend that his Batteries might the easier discharge upoÌ„ theÌ„ 373 Chap. 257. The manner of making a Battery to float upon the water 374 Chap 258. The manner of Framing the Engine called the Saulcisse 375 Chap. 259. How to stop up the passage of vessells and Boats in a Channell or to mend a breach in an arme of a Sea ibid. Chap. 260. The manner how to make a Bridge with Cordes to convey Souldiers over a Moate or River 376 Chap. 261. How to make a firme bridge over any River both for Horse and Men to passe over and transport their Ordnance 377 Chap. 262. The use of the Leatherne Boate and to how make it 379 Chap. 263. An easie and quicke way to cast water with great Scoopes 380 Chap. 264. How to make a Serve to winde up water with the use of it ibid. Chap. 265. The Description of an Engine whereby water may be drawen out of any place or depth or mount any River c. 382 Chap. 266. The description of an Engine to force water up to a high place usefull to quench fire c. 383 Chap. 267. The description of an Engine to cast up water 384 Chap. 268. How to make water at the foot of a Mountaine to ascend to the top of it 385 Chap. 269. How to make a Scaling-ladder of Cordes which may be carried in a Souldiers pocket Ibid. Chap. 270. Of Scaling-ladders framed of wood and how they are to bee used in the Wars 386. Chap. 271. The use of Gabions and Baskets for the defence of the Cannoniers and Musquetiers 387 Chap. 272. The use of Cru-wagons and Small Carts with the fashion of them Ibid. Chap. 273. The use of the Powder-pots in a pitcht Battell with the description of the forme of them 388 Chap. 274. How to make Torches and Candles to burne in any weather 389 Chap. 275. How to arme Pikes with Wild-fire and Pistols for to withstand a Breach Ibid. Chap. 276. A device to make a Musquet shoote with the same quantity of Powder halfe as farre againe as her uusall shot is 390 Chap. 277. Of the Bow-Pike and how it is best to bee used in the warres 391 Chap. 278. The description of an Engine whereby the diversitie of the strength of Powder may be knowne Ibid. Chap. 279. Of a Bridge made without Bates or Barrels Cordage or Timber-worke which transported 4000 men over a great River 292 Chap. 280. How Caesar made a Bridge over the Rhine and carryed his Army over into Germany Ibid. Chap. 281. The description of an Instrument invented by Henry the fift at the Battell of Agin-court and since used by the King of Sweden and by him called a Swines-Pike 393 Chap. 282. How a Case of Tinne is to be made to carry light Matches in that the Enemy may not discover them Ibid. Chap. 283. How the Venetians did order their Powder after their Arsnall was burnt 394 The Contents of the second Booke SECT XV. THe Office of a Generall with his Accomplishments Chap. 1. The Character of a Generall with such excellent properties both of body and mind which hee ought to be endued withall declared 1 Chap. 2. The things which a Generall is to give order for unto his sub-Officers with Rules and Precepts whereby the ablest Generals in former ages have stereed their Warlike course 2 SECT XVI Rules to be observed by a Generall in marching his Army Chap. 3. Divers Rules and Observations to bee used both in marching and retreiting from the Enemie whereby confusion may bee avoyded 21 SECT XVII Rules to be observed in Quartering or Incamping an Army Chap. 4. How a Generall is to quarter his Army with the elâ—ction of places of greatest securitie what Redouts are to bee raised upon the passages and how the Out-guards are to be placed with divers other observations thereunto belonging 29 Chap. 5. How the King of Sweden in the late Imperiall Warres used to incampe his Armie with Figures to explaine the same 36 Chap. 6. The Oath of all under-officers both of Horse and Foote to be given at the proclayming of the Articles following 41 SECT XVIII Articlâ—s and Militarie Lawes to bee observed in the Warres Chap. 7. Divers Articles and Martiall Lawes wherby an Army is to bee regulated and governed both in Campe and Garrison 42 SECT XIX Rules and Observations to bee used before Battell Chap. 8. Divers Premonitions and Observations for a Generall to take notice of before the pitching of a Battell 55 SECT XX. Rules and Observations to be used in time of Fight Chap. 9. Divers Observations which both Generalls and Officers must make use of in the time of fight or skirmish 61 SECT XXI Rules and Observations to bee used after fight Chap. 10. Divers Rules and Observations to bee used after a Battell is either wonne or lost 65 SECT XXII The manner of Framing of Battells Chap. 11. An Excellent strong forme of Imbattelling an Armie consisting of 26000 Foote and 4000 Horse 67 Chap. 12. A second Figure shewing a very strong Forme of Imbattelling and very apt for the drawing of an Enemie into a Stratagem 71 Chap. 14. A very strong Forme of Imbattelling 10000 Foote and 2000 Horse very proper to be used in the Champion the Enemy exceeding in strength both in Horse and Foote 73 Chap. 15. A fourth Figure of Imbattelling consisting of 20000 Foote and 2000 Horse 74 Chap. 16. A fifth way of Imbattelling an Army consisting of 12000 Foote and 4000 Horse c. 76 Chap. 17. Thâ— sixth way of Imbattelling an Armie consisting of 12000 Foote and 4000 Horse c. 78 Chap. 18. A seventh way of Imbattelling an Army consisting of 15000 Foote and 5000 Horse c. 79 Chap. 19. The eighth forme of Imâ—attelling an Army consisting of 5000 Foote and 1000 Horse c. 81 Chap. 20. A Description of the ninth Figure how to frame a Battell for Stratagem c. 83 Chap. 21. A tenth Forme of Imbattelling an Armie consisting of 12000 Foote and 4000 Horse used by Henry the fourth of France c. 84 Chap. 22. The eleventh Forme of Imbattelling an Armie of 30000 Foote and 6000 Horse c. 86 Chap. 23. The twelfth forme of Imbattelling of 12000 Foote and 3000. Horse partly imitating Mounsieur Bellay in his military discipline Chap. 24. A forme of Imbattelling of 15000 Foote and 2000. Horse c. Chap. 25. The use of Maniples of shot with a generall discourse of the Light-armed 92 Chap. 26. Divers observations of the Ancient Grecicians in framing of Battels 95 Chap. 27. The Order and Rules which are to be obser-served by Going-Paces to know any state or peece of ground how to embattell either Horse or Foote according to the proportion thereof 98 THE MVTABILITY OF FLOVRISHING KINGDOMES CHAP I. There is no Nation ever did or ever shall
and destroy ours what cause I pray you had there been for Darius first and now for Xerxes to make Warre on us but onely this wee would not forsake you Rebells when hee desired to chastise you but t is no matter doe you but onely this come from them to us or if that be too full of danger then when the Battell is begun doe but recoyle doe but slacken your Oares and ye may safely depart away But while these things were a working at Sea his Forces at Land sacked Plateae and Thespiae two famous Cities of Boeotia and Athens on the Sea-coast but all of them forsaken by their Inhabitants and behold his spleene quoniam ferro non poterat in homines in aedificia igne grassatur yea which was more as if hee had Warred not onely with the Greekes but their gods also Hee destroyed the Temple of Apollo at Delphos so famous through the World These things startled the Princes of those Cities which were joyned with the Athenians they knew not how soone their Cities might runne the same hazzard wherefore they began to consult of their departure for the defence of their owne Territories Which thing so soone as Themistocles perceived least their forces should bee diminished by the departure of their Associates he gives Xerxes to understand by a faithfull servant of his owne that now at this instant hee might easily intercept all the force and flower of Greece contracted into one place who if they were severed as presently they were like to do it would bee to his greater labour and cost to hunt after them in severall places and by this deceit hee necessitated the King to give the signall of Battell and the Grecians busied with the approaches of the King with their joynt forces entertayned the Skirmish While the Battell remained somewhat doubtfull the Ionians according to the advice of Themistocles withdrew themselves and their flight dashed the leaden courages of the Persians so that presently they turned their backs and fled Xerxes being at his wits end at this overthrow Mardonius his great Captaine and Counsellour adviseth him in his owne Person to hasten home least the fame of this unlucky battell move sedition there and tells him that if he will leave but 300000 of his choyce men with them hee will either tame Greece to his Masters glory or yeeld to the Adversary without his ignominie This advice did Xerxes like well enough wherefore hee delivered 300000 of his Souldiers to Mardonius and with the rest hee prepared to goe backe into his Kingdome Which the Grecians perceiving resolved to breake the bridge that hee had built at Abydoâ— that so his passage being cut off hee might perish with his Army or at least being driven to despaire might sue for peace But here againe did the wisedome of Themistocles appeare for fearing that the enemy when hee was cooped up and so necessitated to fight would turne his cowardize into valour adviseth the Greekes that they had enemies too many in the Countrey and it was not convenient to increase their number by stopping those that would bee gone but seeing hee could not prevaile with his advise hee sent his servant a second time to Xerxes to acquaint him with the resolution of the Greekes which when Xerxes knew in a shamefull afright with a few of his servants onely hee fled in all haste to Abydos commanding his Captaine speedily to March after him with their Troopes but comming to Hellesponte and finding the Bridge broken with the Tempests of the fore-passed Winter Hee ferried over alone in a poore Fiâ—herboate an admirable spectacle to behold he whose followers the earth groaned to beare but a yeare agoe is glad to flye now without one to attend him Cujus introitus in Greciam quam terribilis tam turpis ac foedus discessus fuit After that dishonourable flight of Xerxes Mardonius his Generall followed the warfare at land Olinthus was the first Towne hee sate downe before and it hee tooke by Assault After this hee laboured to reconcile the Athenians to the King his Master promising them restitution for the losse of their City which was burned but after hee perceived they would not part with their Liberty and freedome at any rate hee set fire to those buildings they had begun to reedifie and so Marched into Boeotia where the maine Army of the Greeks was inquartered consisting of a 100000 men there they came to blowes neere the City Plataeae which was not farre from Thebes Sed fortuna Regis cum duce mutata non est For Mardonius was there utterly overthrowne himselfe slaine by a common Souldier his Tents stuffed with the Kings Treasure seized on and finally Greece freed from the Persian Warre The Athenians would not loose the benefit of this victory but with their Sea forces sayled up the Hellesponte and by Assault tooke the Towne of Sestos from the Persians and sacked it After this they turned home built and fortified their City and joyning them with other Cities of Greece under the conduct of Pausanius and Aristides they tooke Cypria and Bizantium frym the Persian Thus you see this great Monarch who had so many Millions of men under his dominions could not live in Peace yea and for want of good order in his Army suffered many shamefull overthrows which together with some other iniquities of his owne brought him in contempt with his owne Subjects who before was a terror to other Nations and by and by after hee was slaine by his Lieutenant Artabanus His Successor was Artaxerxes who was also called Longimanus quia dextra longior fuit quam sinistra There is not any mention in History of any great trouble that happened in this Kings Reigne after that hee had put to death Artabanus and his sonnes who were the murtherers of his Predecessor Xerxes and had layd their plots also against him had it not beene in a fit time discovered by one Baccabassus a man well content with the present government This Prince having Reigned peaceably 37. yeares expired and left his Scepter to Darius Nothus his Sisters Husband who in like manner governed the Kingdome peaceably 19. yeares and then yeelded it up to his eldest Sonne Artaxerxes Mnemon whose Reigne was somwhat troublesome with the great Spirit of his younger Brother Cyrus to whom his Father had by will assigned the government of Lidia and Ionia where hee was in his Fathers dayes Lieutenant but without the title of King But this gave no content to the high spirit of Cyrus who aymed at farre greater matters wherefore he began first privately to make preparation against the King his Brother which being disclosed to the King hee sent for Cyrus who dissembled the matter and pleaded not guilty yet for all that the King bound him in golden fetters deprived him of liberty and had done so by his life also in matter prohibuisset But afterwards obtaining liberty hee was so much inraged against his Brother by this
for more ayde of men and victuals into Sicily which were sent him but divers of his Ships miscarried and fell into the enemies hands in one of which was a Centurion with some old soldiers and some newly taken up all of them were brought before the Generall Scipio and to them thus he addressed his speech I know and am assured Soldiers that it is not of your owne accord that thus wickedly you pursue and prosecute good men your fellow-Citizens but rather that you are forced thereunto by the command of that wicked Emperour of yours since therefore fortune hath brought you within our power if you will as your duty bindes you with other good men labour to defend the Common-weale you know that we will not onely spare your lives but also take you into our protection and pay wherefore answer us what you are minded to doe To this the Centurion of the 14. Legion having liberty to speake answers For thy great good will noble Scipio I give thee hearty thanks and happily I should make use of thy proffered curtesie if too great a wickednesse were not coupled therewith wherefore know you that I will never beare armes against Caesar my Emperour from whom I have received my order and for whose dignity and honour I have fought more than 36. yeares moreover I would counsell you noble Scipio to desist from thy enterprise for if hitherto thou hast had no experience of him against whom thou dost contend yet now at last take him into consideration chuse among all thy souldiers one whole Cohort which thou thinkest to be most strong and valiantest and I will take but ten of these my fellow-souldiers which now are within thy power and by our valour you shall understand what trust and confidence thou canst have in thine owne Troopes Scipio was so inraged with this answer that he slew the Centurion and all the old souldiers immediately After this Caesar at Thapsus fought with Scipio and King Juba and overthrew them both in one day at which Battell one strange thing happened the Trumpets sounded a charge through the souldiers forwardnesse without the command of the Generall The overthrow began at Juba whose Elephants not throughly manned to fight being but lately drawne out of the woods at the suddain shrilnesse disranked their friends Army and presently all fled After this overthrow Scipio and Cato slew themselves and Juba and Petreius after they had feasted themselves at a banquet slew one the other this was the direfull end of those brave Romans and of this African warre But out of the embers of this warre sprang another in Spaine more dangerous than the former wherein Cneius and Sextus the two sonnes of great Pompey were the Generals They having gathered great forces amongst their friends in Spaine reduced the greatest part of that Country under their obeysance against them Caesar goes with his choisest Legions Sed nusquam atrocïus nec tam ancipiti marte concursum est Their last and chiefest Battell was at Munda wherein Cneius Pompeius fought with such resolution as that Caesars squadrons began to give ground and were ready to forsake the field what danger Caesar was then in any man may know by his demand Lucius Florus saith he was seene before the Army sadder than he used to be yea it is reported that in that perturbation he consulted what he should doe with himselfe if the worst befell and that his countenance was as one that meant to make his owne hands his owne executioner He was heard say some to have uttered these words to his old souldiers If ye be not ashamed leave me and deliver me into the hands of these boyes In good time did Pompey's Lieutenant send Caesar five Cohorts of horse crosse the Battell to guard that which was in some danger Caesar takes hold of this advantage and makes his souldiers beleeve they fled and chargeth upon them as open flyers and did thereby both put fresh courage into his owne souldiers and also daunt his enemies for Caesars men followed on boldly thinking themselves to have the upper hand and the Pompeyans supposing their fellowes to run away fell themselves to running what slaughter then was made amongst them may be conjectured by this Caesar made a Rampire about Munda by pyling up bodies dragged together from all about and fastened together with speares and javelins Caesar himselfe esteemed so much of this Battell as that he used to say many times In other Battels he fought for victory and honour but at Munda he fought for his life Cncius Pompeius after his defeat fled but was overtaken and slaine but Sextus the younger brother was reserved for another warre Caesar now being victor returned to Rome where he makes himselfe perpetuus Dictator and had titles of honour given him by the State as Imperator and Pater patriae now his accepting of these titles and some other signes of ambition drew upon him both the envie of the people and of some great Lords Hereupon his death was conspired by 70. of the principle men of Rome his friends misdoubting somewhat advised that he should ever have a guard about him but he rejected their counsell saying Mori satius est semel quam timore semper torqueri Neglecting this counsell he was slaine by the Conspirators in the Senate-house and fell at the foot of the Base where Pompey's Image stood Sic ille qui terorem orbem civili sanguine implenerat tandem ipse sanguine suo curiam implevit Caesar being slaine new troubles arise about his death the people which desired it before it was effected yet after hated the doers Anthony and Lepidus instigated them against the melefactors so that for their safeguard they were glad to flye out of the Citie their houses being first burnt with brands which the people raked out of Caesars funerall fire Caesars old souldiers also had a minde to be revenged of these Conspirators had they but had one to lead them on to take it Wherefore after that Octavianus Caesar Anthony and Lepidus were agreed upon the Triumvirate they called these old blades of Caesars together and with them Anthony and Octavianus marched into the East against Brutus and Cassius the chiefe of the Conspirators and fought with them twice in the field of Philippos a Citie in Macedonia In the first Battell the right wing which was led by Anthony overthrew the left wing of the other Armie led by Cassius but the right wing of the other Armie led by Brutus did as much for the left wing of his Armie led by Octavianus Augustus being overthrowne secured himselfe in Anthonies Campe but Cassius contrariwise not knowing how it fared with his companion caused one Pindarus a slave that he had maintained and manumitted to cut off his head Brutus the next day gathered up the scattered troopes but was loth to hazard battell any more for two reasons first because he knew his enemies were pinched with want
will he be able to impeach and hinder the Enemie from making their Traverses or Galleries over the Mote for to march over and assault the breach the Canons have made in the Bulworkes Now if you will please to observe the excellencie of the Canon for the defending and offending which in a most absolute way is performed namely if the Enemy makes his approaches close to the Mote as before is sayd yet he durst not enter the Mote because of the shot that shall come continually from the Flankes wherefore to prevent the danger of the shot they are constrained to take the earth that is taken out of the Trenches to make a sufficient Barricado against such places as they shall shoot from so that the force of a Canon shall doe small hurt and shall not be able without great trouble to hinder their approaches they being secured by their Workes Much lesse then can the Musket-shot prevaile to hinder them so that they will soone gaine the Bulworke after the Gallery is put over the Mote because they may have a recourse securely from Gun-shot and by this meanes undermine the Bulworke or scale it as the Figure before named will demonstrate Moreover the Enemy may make Galleries over of Timber covering it over with earth to prevent the firing of it with Wild-fire which they within the Fort may cast upon it for that purpose Likewise the Mote being full of water they may prepare Bridges of Boates covered over with earth or raw Hides to preserve them from fire I would gladly know how these proceedings of an Enemy might bee prevented without the Canon onely by Muskets as the French Engineere would have it Moreover they doe reply that although they would have the Musketiers to defend from the Flankes yet not at all times would they bee destitute of the Canon which may serve for such purposes as to hinder the Enemies designes I say all good Orders and Rule so ought to be necessarily observed contrarily Disorder and Confusion ought to be echewed as the greatest discommodity The French replyes yes he intends good order should be kept and observed that every one may know what he ought to doe and that they should put all their strength and industrie to to acquit themselves from the Enemy To which we may truly object that the Flankes being the eyes of the Fortresse they ought not to bee imployed about any other thing but to spend the time in hindering and offending the Enemy from makeing his Galleries or Traverses Now the Musketiers are not able to performe that duty but altogether hinders the operation of the Canons for if the Canons comes to be discharged they must hinder the Muskets from defending the face of the Bulworke for they being two different things that cannot stand together one of the two must be slighted as insufficient wherefore we must conclude that Muskets are not proper to be plac'd in the Flankes because they are not of force to beate downe the Traverses and hinder the Enemies approaches unto the Bulworke The Engineeres in France can hardly be brought to beleeve this but that the Canon is altogether unprofitable and and that the Musketiers are all in all to this we may answer without contradiction that in all things due order is to be observed as Errard himselfe confesses Wherefore take notice the Office of the Flankes is onely to pierce and batter the Traverses and Crosle-workes which the Enemy shall raise upon the Counter-skarpe and that the Muskets ought to bee plac'd in another place more apt for them to doe the same Office which he would have them performe in the Flankes Now I dare say their eares glowes to heare what place is aptest to place the Musketiers in to performe the same Office they would have them doe in the Flankes which is onely to defend the face of the Bulworke they being ignorant of any other place from whence they may defend Now you shall both see and judge their imbecility whether it be more apter and convenient to take the defence with Musketiers from the Flanke or from the Curtin which is farre better and also from the Cavalliaris whereby the defence is made threefold Let us but weigh the discommodity we have with the commodity we ought to receive and then make choise of one of the two which seemes probablest for our best service Wherefore it is not to be doubted but that a Bulworke well guarded with Souldiers is farre stronger than one that is onely defended with a stone or earthen Wall without men The strength that is to be expected in a stone or earthen Wall is the forming of the Workes more obtuse and so consequently the stone Wall is strongest and yet there is no comparison or proportion in it to a Worke that is defended with men Further as before we have related that a spacious obtuse Bulworke is compared to a strong man without Armes for his Armes are his defence that is the Souldiers which continually shoote from either side of the Bulworke Wherefore wee may safely conclude with that Maxim which the Hollanders and Venetians hold to be most proper profitable to take the defence from the third part of the Curtin If you please to observe in the first figure of Fortification the commodiousnesse of it that then I make no question you will consent with my opinion and conclude I have made those former Propositions cleere Now it follows I should answer another Objection of Errards and withall give some good instructions about the length of the Line of Defence Viz. The distance from the corner of the Flanke to the point of the next Bulworke opposite He maintaines it ought not be above 100. or 120. paces for if it be longer he sayes it is out of Musket-shot All good Rules are to be grounded upon firme reasons and sound grounds wherefore we will discourse and illustrate this proposition that thereby we may gaine experience and profit Because a Musket cannot possible convey a Bullet so farre as a Canon therefore the Line of Defence should be answerable to their shooting or conveying their shot by this we intend that the Musketiers which are ordained for the defence of the Bulworke should have their distances 100. or 120. paces being plac'd upon the third part of the Curtin and those that are plac'd below upon the Worke in the Mote before the Cunette which is to be esteemed one of the principall defences and likewise the Canon may have for his Line of Defence from the Flanke and Cavalliares to the point of the Bulworke 180. or 200. paces at the most whereby the Enemies Galleries and Traverses may be hindered and broken downe Suppose this to be the advantage and commodity we gaine by this large distance in hindring the Enemy from having a distance which otherwise he will take by reason of the breadth of the Mote from battering downe the Flankes for he is able to batter 182.
Peeces are ordained and fitted to shoot in an oblique or crooked line to convey their Fire-balls or other Shot over Walls Hills or any obstacle that may hinder other Peeces at 90 degrees of the quadrant they shoot right upwards but most commonly they are mounted from 80 degrees to 70. 60. 50. or 45 according as the distance is in farnesse from the Peece or the height of the Hills Walls or Houses shall hinder Some of these Peeces have their Trunnions in the middest some a little lower and many even with their Breeches they are Fortified with mettall 1 2 of the height of the mouth of the Chamber at the touch-hole and â— of the Calibre or Bore of the mouth of the Peece the length of their Chases are divers some are two others 3 Diameters of their mouthes Bores in length the Charge in corne-Powder is 1 1â— part of the weight of the Shot if it Shootes at Mounture above 40. Degrees but if it Shoots Levell or downewards â— parts of Powder of the weight of the Shot not forgetting to put a good Wad alwaies betweene the Powder and the Shot unlesse it bee charged with Fire-balls then nothing is to bee put to hinder the Powder from firing the Balls Moreover great care is to bee had least crackes or holes be in the Granadoes least they Fire in the Peece and endanger the breaking of it wherefore it is safest to coat it over If these kinde of Peeces bee loaded with Granadoes of Potters-earth or Glasse then 1 2 parts of their weight in Powder will bee sufficient otherwise they will breake But if Stone or Iron Bullets 1 â— or 1 4 of Powder for the lesse you mount your Peece the more Powder is required to charge her For the charging of these latter sorts of Morter-Peeces is sufficiently discourst of onely much care is to bee taken in spunging and cleansing the Peece before the Powder bee put in the mouth of it ever standing upright The due charge of Powder being put in the Chamber there must bee a Wadde rammed downe either of Hay or Ockham and after it a Tamkin of some soft Wood of such bredth and thicknesse as will fill up the Chamber that no vacuity may bee betweene the Powder and Wâ—dde or Wadde and Shot after the which the Shot being put in with another Wadde after it to keepe the Shot from too speedy flying out Note that in mentioning the Morter-Peeces I intend the other two namely the Square-Morters and Tortles The fourth and last which remaines to bee discourst of is the Petard which are onely used to blow open Ports and Portcullis they are divers in their magnitudes according to the strength of the opposition they are to Ruine Their proportions are some to hold one pound of Powder and lesse others to hold 50 or 60 pounds or more They are fashioned like to a Morter or Saints-Bell somewhat tapered they are 1 4 parts Diameter of their mouthes Calibre at the bottome of their Chase and in thicknesse of mettall 1 8 parts Diameter at their Breech and up towards their mouth lessening in thicknesse there is usually allowed five pounds of Mettall bee it Brasse or Iron to every pound of Powder according to the proportion of the greatnesse of it so that for 50 pound of Powder your Petard must weigh 250. pound or 300 pound weight of mettall a strong hooke is to bee scrued into the substance you intend to ruine and upon this hooke hangs the wringle of the Petard and likewise to bee shored up with a strong forked Rest to stay the Reverse of it the chargeing them is after this manner First the true quantity of Corne-powder being rammed downe hard to the bottome of the Chase little by little untill it bee filâ—ed within a fingers bredth of the mouth then bore a hole downe to the bottome of the Powder through the middest of it with some square peece of Iron into which concavity divers quilles of quicke-silver are to bee put then a planke made fit of 3 or 4 Inches thicknesse to lay on the mouth of it which is to bee strongly plated with Iron betweene the planke and the toppe of the Powder you are to place a waxed cloth just the widenesse of the mouth of the Petard then fill up the residue of the Chase betweene the cloth and the toppe of the mouth with molten Waxe mingled with Flaxe Hurds or Towe there is a Pipe to come from the touch-hole which is to bee filled with slow and sure receipt of Fire-workes which by a priming of quick-powder fire may bee given safely For to prove the strength and sufficiencie of these short Ordnance whether they will hold and endure you must charge them with once and â…“ parts of powder of the weight of the Shot Note that when any Peece of Ordnance of what kinde soever growes hot there is a discretion to bee used in lessening the Charge of Powder otherwise the Peece will breake the Figure of this Petard shall afterwards in this discourse bee described CHAP. XLVII How a Gunner is to Tertiate and measure a Peece of Ordnance that hee bee not deceived in Charging it And also how to despart any kinde of Ordnance ALthough wee have formerly spoken in a particular way of all kinde of Ordnance which our moderne Gunners make use of yet wee must bee farther instructed before we can attaine the perfection of this Art how each sort of Ordnance differs in their Fortifications bee they of the kindes either of Canons or Culverins for there is a great difference in these as formerly wee have discourst of in regard they are either more Fortified in mettall or lessened and abated So that those ordinary Peeces exprest in the precedent Table are as it were a meane betwixt these extraordinary Peeces discourst of in the foregoing Chapter Wherefore if a Gunner doe not rightly conceive of the constitution of each Peece hee will fayle either in overcharging the lesse fortified or weaker or under-charge the more fortified or stronger Peeces For prevention whereof Gunners have distinguisht them into three sorts As namely first either ordinarily fortified or lessened or double fortified that is to say common or Legittimate Peeces Bastard-peeces or extraordinary Peeces Common or Legittimate Peeces are those that have a due length of their Chases proportioned according to the height of their proper Bores as the Table aforegoing hath demonstrated Bastard-peeces have shorter Chases then the proportion of their Bores do require and extraordinary Peeces are such Ordnance as have longer Chases then the proportion of the Bore allowes Therfore to bee certaine of what constitution the Peece is of the readiest way is if your Calibre compasses bee wanting to measure or tertiate her with to take a cord or packthred and girding the Peece at the Touch-hole at the Trunnions and at the Necke taking â…“ parts thereof for the Diameter of the body of her mettall in each place
rest of the Pot and then to bee covered to keepe them in In the next place there are divers Wimbles to be made of a just bignesse to the Pottes these are to bore the holes in the earth to place the Pots in note the holes are to bee bored somewhat aslent that the stones may flie side-wayes to disorder the Rankes if it be swardy ground then only the top of the sward is to be laid to cover the Pots and the residue of the earth is to be cast quite away towards your owne Troopes to avoide suspition then there are Regals cut from pot to pot to lay the Pipes which are to convey the traines of Powder these are also to be covered as the former there may be also long traines made both from the two ends and also from some other places about the middest these traines are to bee likewise conveyed in Pipes tenne or twenty rodde towards your owne Bataliaes and when the Enemy is marcht full upon them then those appointed to attend these traynes are to give fire unto them Note if the earth should bee wet then the Pots and Pipes that convay the Traines must bee closed with Pitch or Yallow to prevent the moystning of the Powder View the Figure following of all the parts of the Stratagem which happily may cause you better to understand it CCLXXIV How to make Torches and Candles to burne in any weather being a thing most necessary in the warres THese kinde of Torches are invented to keepe fire either in windie or raynie weather they are made of this composition following Sulphur Salt-peeter Rosin Calxvine quick Peal Lin-seed Oyle and common Lamp-oyle Pitch Tarre Camfire Waxe Tutia Arsnicke Quick-silver and Aqua-vitae of this composition may bee Torches Candles or Balls of Wild-fire made that will burne in the water without extinguishing CHAP. CCLXXV How to arme Pikes with Wild-fire and Pistols for to with-stand a Breach and defend it against the Enemie THis kind of arming of Pikes at the Speares end with Wild-fire was invented for the defence of a Breach Port or Bridge and it hath beene approved that an Enemy hath beene more feared with it then with any other kinde of weapon the manner of framing these Weapons is after this fashion First there must be Powder bruised eight parts Peeter in Roch one part Peeter in Meale one part Sulphur in Meale two parts Rosin-Roch three parts Turpentine one part Lin-seed Oyle one part Verdigrease halfe a part Bole-Armoniack 1 3 part these ingredients must bee put in a Bagge made of strong Canvas which first must be put upon the Pikes end and the lower end of it being tyed fast to the Pike and the Bagge filled up with this Composition the other end thereof must also bee fast tyed to the end of the Speare the whole Bagge must be soundly woulded with a small Cord this being done then there must bee 〈◊〉 in a Pan Pitch foure parts Lin-seed Oyle one part Turpentine one part Tarre 1 3 part Tallow one part these being mixt together must be daubed all over the Canvas a good thicknes then being cold two holes must be bored into the Bagge two inches deepe with a sharp square Iron filling the same with fine bruised Powder to this may be made fast divers Pistoll-Barrels charged with Bullets this instrument will performe excellent service in a throng of people View the figure CHAP. CCLXXVI A Device to make a Musquet shâ—ot with the same quantity of Powder halfe as farre againe as her usuall Shot is THis Invention the King of Sweden did make tryall of and it is a thing highly to be prized in the Warres for many times it happens that the wings of Shot in a pitch'd Battell are drawn out to skirmish with an Enemie before they be within the true distance of the Musquets commanding Shot or being discharged by the Enemie out of some Fort many times when they are out of distance whereby much Powder and shot is spent to no purpose now to remedie this there is an approved device which will cause a Musquet or Canon to shoot halfe as farre againe with the same quantity of Powder and this is effected by taking of white Case-pepper of the soundest Cornes and steepe them 24 houres in the strongest Aqua-vitae then being taken out and dryed in the Sunne so that they may not danke the Powder then charging the Peece with the usuall charge of Powder you must take so many of these pepper Cornes as will cover the circumference of the Bore and being put downe close with the sticke to the Powder then putting next to the Pepper the Bullet this being tryed at any marke it shall be sensibly found to convey the Bullet with such a violence farre beyond the accustomed shooting and being charged without this ingredient the Bullet shall not come little more then halfe the way CHAP. CCLXXVII Of the Bow-Pike and how it is best to be used in the Warres THis Invention of joyning a Bowe to the Pike may bee of excellent use in the Warres to impale the Flankes of an Army for when the Horse shall charge eyther in Flanke or Reare those Arrowes will gaule them they are very good to be drawne out to safegard some small troopes of shot that shall bee sent out to discharge upon the Horse but for the placing of these in the Front of the maine Battalia's I hold it not so good unlesse it be onely the two first rankes for it will bee very troublesome when the Troopes snall joyne at push of Pike besides the Pikes heads will soone out their Bow-strings in sunder and make them of no validitie and questionlesse in the time of stormie wet weather these Bowes would doe great service when the Musquet cannot be discharged for wet but were it so that a Pike were made of such an indifferent bignesse towards the But end that there might be disposed in it three Petronell Barrels made of a very light substance as there is a new Invention found out in that kinde there is a light locke to be plac'd a yard from the But end this shall at once pulling up strike fire twice having a double pan and that part of the Pike the Petronell is plac'd in is to be turned round so that the Touch-holes of these Barrels may turne to the locke one after another without removing either of hand or foot this would worke some effect against the Enemies Pikes it going with that force that it would enter their Corslets which the force of an Arrow could not performe View the Figures CHAP. CCLXXVIII The Description of an Engine whereby the diversitie of the strength of powder may be truely knowne TO know which are the strongest sortes of Gunpowder according as this Figure demonstrates you must prepare a Boxe as A B beeing foure inches high and two inches wide having a Lid joyned unto it the Boxe ought to be made of Iron Brasse or Copper and to be fastened to a good thicke
fire upon the enemies Battalia of Pikes Also divers Souldiers with fire-works and Granado's are to goe and come to cast them against the enemies Troops which will be a great annoyance unto them Furthermore under the Front of the Pikes are divers Fire-locks or Musketires to be placed that shall play upon the enemies Pikes when the enemy shall bee approacht within twenty of forty paces of your main Battell viz. five hundred Shot The Ordnance that before were drawn down from before the main Battel unto the Front of the Battell of succour are when the enemy is within twenty paces of your foremost Battels to be levelled right up this broad space or distance and having given fire in a right line upon the enemy those of the Forlorn Hope that retraited into that space being ordered and ranged 37. in Rank and ten deep in File and plac'd behind the Battalia upon the right side marked P. and 38. in Rank plac'd behind the middle Battalia on the left side at Q. viz. three hundred and seventy even behind the Maniple or Battalion of the right side of the said space and three hundred and eighty souldiers behind the Battalia of the left side so soon as the Shot is past the three hundred and seventy souldiers are to face to the left hand and the three hundred and eighty to the right and so advancing forwards into the midst of the space or division to their even distance they are again to face towards the Front of the main Battell and are speedily to march up and joyn with them whereby the whole body will be strong and firm to receive the enemies charge Likewise the severall distances betwixt every Maniple or Battalia of this main Battel is two paces and this is for the Shot after they have given fire to march down into the Rear Behind this main Battel is the Battell of succour consisting of six Divisions or Battalia's marked H. these are ranged in distance from the Rear of the main Battel twenty or thirty paces The space or distance of these Battalia's betwixt Flank and Flank from one to the other is one hundred twenty six paces and these are thus plac'd because if it happens the main Battell to be overcharged the Battalions thereof may retrait between these spaces and so be reinforc'd with fresh men Note each Battalia contains seven hundred men In the rear-Battell are four severall Battalia's twenty or thirty paces distant Behind the Battell of succour marked I. the space or distance of ground between these Maniples or Battalia's are three hundred thirtie six paces the reason is because if the enemy should still over-charge the former principall Battels then they are to make their last retrait betwixt these divisions or spaces viz. whereas before there retraited into the Battell of succour four Maniples or Battalia's and the first Battalia unto the Flank of the right Wing as also the other four Battalia's retraited into the spaces upon the left side of the Battell of succour and the fift Battalia upon the out-side of the Flank of the left Wing of the same so now there must retrait six Battalia's into the spaces between the Battalia's of the rear-Battell and two Battalia's upon the out-side of the Battalia of the right Wing and also the other six Battalia's retraiteth into the spaces upon the left side and two Battalia's upon the outside of the Battalia of the left Wing Likewise the middlemost Battalia is to retrait into the space in the midst so that by this means there shall bee brought two thousand four hundred fresh souldiers more to joyn with the rest to fight By this means the enemy will bee wearied and also over-winged by reason this Battell at the last retraiting is as broad again as it was at first Thus it will come to passe that the enemy shall be charged both in Front and Flank whereby hee shall surely be routed The Flanks of this Battell are to be impaled on either side with four hundred eighty five Pikes two hundred ninety one Musketires because the distance from the Front of the first Battell to the Rear of the last is fifty eight paces that is ninety seven souldiers in a Rank and five deep in File the Musketires are but three deep in File and equall to the Pikes in Rank or Brest they are to stand behind the Pikes the Pikes charging at the Horse the formost Rank is to give fire over the heads of the Pikes as they stoop and then falling back the neâ—t Rank is to give fire in their place These new fashioned Pikes with Bowes annexed to them are the best for Impalement also they may doe much good to bee plac'd in the first and second Ranks of the main-Battell in the Front thereof to gall the enemies Horse This Impalement is to bee set a pretty distance from the Flanks that the Battalia's upon their retrait may have room to fall in betwixt the Flanks and the Impalement The Impalement in the Rear is to be made of the Carts and Carriages or some Intrenchments if occasion bee The Rear of this Battell extends it selfe seven hundred paces wide from the Flank of the right Wing to the left and without Intrenchments or Carriages Carts and Waggons fastned with chaines together it would take up a quarter of the Army to impale it so strongly as the Flanks are Wherefore it were very convenient that the Pioners being they are troubled with nothing but their Spade and Mattock and that but seldome they being most usually carried by Water or by Waggon these Pioners should have Bowes and Arrowes for their Armes which would be but little burthen to them and these would help to defend the Carriages in the Rear with the help of a small quantity of Pikes and Muskets so that if there bee two Pikes and three Musketires to guard the Reare it being 700. paces broad they would amount to 5830. Souldiers so the Flankes and the Reare would take up 7382. Note that when the maine Battell retreats into the Battell of succour the impalements of the Flankes are to stand firme if they can possibly and are to charge the enemy on the Flankes but if the two first Battells retreat into the Reare Battell they must of necessity then fall backe and halfe of them strengthen the Reare because the Front of the Battell then will extend it selfe so wide that the impalements of the Flanks must give way to the Battalia's that shall retreate and so they will be disjoyned from the impalement in the Reare which places bein not fortified by these Souldiers there will be an advantage for the enemy to breake in upon the Reare of the Battell with his Horse The residue of the Horse troopes are to be imbattelled in severall Battalia's downe by the Flankes of the wings of the Army and wide in distance from them sixty paces or more the Carbines or Harquebuziers are to maintaine skirmish with
your Battell at the first encounter then this second Battell of succour must advance up between the distances in the main Battell whereby the Front of it will be extended so much the wider But by the way you must not make your Front wider than the impalement of the Redouts and the Trenches of fire will permit for those that shall retrait beyond those Redouts and Trenches are but as lost men unlesse if occasion were they should joyn with the Horse-Troops to assist them Note if the main Battell bee advanc'd towards the enemy beyond the limits of the Redouts and if the Wings should stretch out wider than the impalement then if it be driven to retrait those out-parts of the Wings must first fall back and order themselves in the second Battell as they were before or otherwise some of them may be plac'd to secure the Flanks or the Rear or otherwise as the Generall shall think fit In the next place is the Battell in the Rear to be considered which consists only of three Battalia's and in each of them are foure hundred men they have also sufficient large spaces to receive the two former Battels and this is the last hopes the Army can expect Wherefore the Redouts must manfully bestir them to give continuall volleys of shot upon the enemies Flanks which will lie naked unto them The Ordnance after they have done their service must be with-drawn and plac'd before the Battalia's of succour where they may give fire once again upon the enemy after the main Battell shall be retraited into the second Battell and then they are to be with-drawn again into the Rear or else to bee plac'd upon the Flanks between the Redouts In each of the Redouts are two hundred men they are to secure the Flanks and the Rear of the Battell beyond these Redouts you may perceive two Ditches made the earth thrown up in way of a Brest-work towards the Flanks of our own Troops the breadth of them may be five or six foot these are to bee filled with Searwood Straw and other combustible stuffe the outmost next the enemy is first to bee set on fire The next Ditch is to bee made more neer to the Flanks of the Battell by eight or ten paces in all things like the first it is to be ordered this last is to bee fired a good while after the first so that they may indure burning the time of the fight But a principall respect is to be had to the Wind lest it should drive the smoke and fire upon your own Troops in a calme day it can doe no hurt to your selves but is very prevalent against the enemies Horse and will much strengthen the Redouts besides it will bee as a Pound to keep your own men from running away The Horse are ordered in five Battalia's upon either Wing along beyond the fiery Trenches being in each Battell five hundred Horse The first Battell being Harquebuziers are to charge the enemies Horse and the second are to releeve them or rescue them and so are the rest only the last Battell being Curassiers are to charge the enemies Flanks whilst their Horse are in action or if the enemies Horse flie then they are all of them to charge the Foot of the enemy and also to secure their own Foot-Troops from being charged In the Rear of these Horse-Troops are plac'd on either Wing five hundred Pikes and Muskets these are to aid the Horse and to line them with the Shot if need be or to be imployed in charging the enemies Flanks View the following Figure This kind of impaling with Redouts and firie Trenches is to be only practised when the enemy is farre stronger than your selfe so that your men cannot bee spared to impale your Battell neither is there any place of refuge to secure any part of the Battell for if there be then be sure to impale one of your Wings after this manner so that the Wind may convey the smoke sparks into the enemies teeth to their great annoyance CHAP. XIX The eighth form of imbattelling an Army the Flanks being impaled with Horse-Pallizado's and the Rear secured by a River it consists of five thousand Foot and one thousand Horse THis eighth forme of imbattelling is fittest and most proper if the enemy assails in such a place that the distance of ground is scant and the Rear of the Army fortifyed with some Moores Ponds Rivers or the like places of naturall strength The Flanks are Pallizado'd with Horse-Pallizado's or fortified with the Carriages or with some Hedges or Ditches so that a few men may bee able to secure them from the enemies Horse or Foot from taking any advantage You may perceive the Battell-Flags pitcht according as every Battalia is to bee ranged The two Forlorn Hopes are either of them consisting of 250 men and are advanc'd before the main Battell above an hundred paces they are flanked with 100 Horse Likewise the main Battell consists of 2880 Foot videlicet in each Battalia 180 men and sixteen Battalia's The Battell of succour is placed twenty paces behind the main Battell it consists of 1040 men there being eight severall Battalia's and each Battalia contains 130. The space or distance betwixt each of these Battalia's from Flank to Flank is twenty two paces being large enough for two of the Battalia's of the main Battell to retrait into View the Figure There is also allowed for the impalement of the Flanks to guard the Pallizado's 432 men it being 32 paces from the Front to the Rear and two Pikes and two Muskets in depth comes to no lesse to be placed upon both the Flanks There is also allowed 120 Shot to joyn with the Horse to aid them upon all occasions viz. on each Wing 60. To help Gunners and to defend the Ordnance which is placed upon such a place of advantage that the enemy cannot but with difficulty come at them there is 14 men at each Plat-forme or there may as many as you please be taken from the Battell of succour to guard the Ordnance and also a quantity of Horse to aid and assist them The thousand of Horse are thus disposed of first to Flanker the Forlorn Hopes there are 100. Next beyond the impalements upon either Flank are three Battels ranged the first hath 200. the second 150. and the third 100. Before the main Battell there are seven field-Peeces placed which are to scowre the distance betwixt the two Forlorn Hopes after they have wrought their effect they are to be drawn through the divisions of the main Battell and then placed before the Battell of succour and when the main Battell is retraited into the Battell of succour then they are to give fire again and immediately to be drawn in the Rear of all and there to be placed upon some hill so that the Battell stooping they may shoot over their heads to disorder the enemy or else the Battalia's must open suddenly whereby the Ordnance shall have freedome