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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67187	An experimental treatise of surgerie in four parts : 1. The first part shewing the dangerous abuses committed among the modern surgeons, 2. Of cures of all sorts of wounds in mans body ..., 3. Of the symptomes of wounds ..., 4. Treating of all kinds of balmes, salves, plaisters, ointments, oyles, bloodstenchers, potions, tents, corrosives, &c. which are used for wounds ... / by that most famous and renowned surgeon, Felix Wurtz, citie surgeon at Basell ... ; exactly perused after the authors own manuscrip, by Rodolph Wurtz, surgeon at Strasburg ; faithfully the second time translated into Neather Dutch, out of the twenty eighth copy printed in the German tongue, and now also Englished and much corrected, by Abraham Lenertzon Fox, surgeon at Zaerdam ; whereunto is added a very necessary and useful piece, by the same author, called the Childrens book, treating of all things which are necessary to be known by all those, to whose trust and overlooking, little children are committed.; Practica der Wundartzney. English	Würtz, Felix, 1518-1575?; Fox, Abraham Lenertzon.; Wurtz, Rodolf.; Wurtz, Felix, 1517 or 18-1574 or 75. Childrens book of Felix Wurtz.	1656 (1656)	Wing W3733; ESTC R38771	274,491	374

have observed that if too much of any of the said Ingredients were taken that it never brought any good that flesh which in the healing should come on they quite burn it away causing the running of the Joint water It is better the medicines be rather to weak than too strong and may easily be observed in wounds that it is so if notice be taken You must observe let it be a warning how much the wound doth receave of the medicine in digesting of it that thereby you may know what distance of time you are to keep for the next dressing all this you must be sure of and not to go by guesse for here it doth not hold to say my Receipt is good you must have judgement both of wounds and of Receipts whether they affect each other Of Vnguentum Anodynum This Unguent is made several waies of which I do not intend to speak because I know no reason why I should Anodynum make use of in fresh wounds and what good it should be for neither have I made use of Unguentum Populeon for Unguentum Populeon the same reason finding no good it doth to wounds I will onely speak here of Anodynum the which I advised you above you should make use of to be applyed to the Wound-gall to allay the extream heat in the wound by To kill the wound-gal force and without further means to kill the Wound-gall Take the juice of Nightshade and of Hisciamus ana ℥ 2 of the water of Froggs spawn ℥ 6 the juice of Cicuta ℥ 1 of good Vinegar ℥ 3 of Honey ℥ 8 mingle these heat it in a pan over a coal fire stir it well for two or three hours long then set it over the fire boil it and scum it well press it through a cloth cast away the dreggs keep the rest instead of Honey you may take Butter or Oyl as you please Of the Cramp Vnguent The description of this Unguenr you had above in the Chapter of pains in wounds where I let it rest not speaking of it here But how those Oyls ought to be prepared which are used unto it I count it needless to tell of it because the preparation of such are commonly known Though I know a readier way for their preparation yet I hold it unseasonable now to speak of it When I publish any more of my writings then will I be mindful of it and impart also many other metalline medicines which I make use of for wounds which are the soveraignest medicines against spoiled wounds and are a great many of such I never spoke of yet whereby the Reader may understand that it is a thing of high concernment to have medicaments and medicines well prepared a thing most necessary for Surgeons to know because their medicines must bring to right again such wounds which have been spoiled through salving annointing and the like dawbings Of the brown Vnguent for wounds which I have made mention of so often Courteous Reader I have made several mentions of this Brown Unguent brown Unguent and advised you to use it to wounds especially to joint wounds assoon as you fear in the least manner the coming of any simptom into it I laid the cure For what use of joint wounds on this Unguent held it good for all wounds and counselled Surgeons to make use of it Therefore I held it necessary to describe it orderly by reason of its great vertue It preventeth and driveth away all simptomes cleanseth wounds and furthereth their healing mightily it keeps off inflamation opposeth forcibly all malignant corroding humors This Unguent may be boiled to a hardness to make wicks or tents of it to convey them to the bottom of deep wounds or stabs where it melteth by degrees laying a clean foundation for healing opposing all contrary things All these you will find in the practice better than How and when it is used I am able to express here But as in all other things so in this also a moderate use is to be observed Use it not every day especially when the wound is in a good state and not use it unless there be occasion for it or necessity require it of the which I gave you notice above Make it thus Take Scrophularia Hedera terrestis Celandine Speedwell ana one handful cut these small put it in a glass pour on it good Wine Vinegar to cover the Hearbs set it in a warm place let it stand in digestion a week strain the Vinegar and put the Hearbs in a bag to press them out so that the Hearbs be dry fling them away and keep the Vinegar Then take of Vitriol lb 2 calcine it in the following To prepare the red Vitriol manner put it in an earthen pot let it dissolve then dry it increase the fire let it be red hot for an hour together it will be red break this pot take out the Vitriol and put it into another pot pour more Vinegar upon and let it boil a little after that put a quart of water to it boile one moyty of it away this being done let it stand a while then cant off this red water into another pot and the remaining feces on the bottom pour another quart of water boil the moyty of it away and the water being ting'd red cant it off iterate it so long till the Vitriol tingeth the water no more These off-canted waters must be put into a glass body and evaporated to a dryness then the Vitriol on the bottom appeareth red make this red Vitriol in a new pot red hot and being thus red hot you cast it in a pot full of rain water there let it dissolve vapour away this water also and the tinged water you put into another glasse on the feces pour fresh water and this tinged water you put to the other tinged water iterate it a third time or as long as the Vitrioll tingeth any water these feces fling away the tinged water must be evaporated that the Vitriol lye dry on the bottom as formerly it did make it red hot in a Crucible and proceed also as you did with the former that Vitriol being dryed then is it prepared and is sweet on the tongue pulverise this Vitriol take of it ℥ 2 and put of the out-prest Vinegar from the Hearbs ℥ 3 to it adde to it of phlegme of Vitriol ℥ 2 of scummed Honey ℥ 6 of Flores aeris ℥ 1 and a ¼ of an ounce boil these to a spissitude of an Electuary then is it ready prepared Flores aris are prepared thus ℞ Verdigriece ℥ 1 ss pulverise Flowers of ●●s it pour on it of distilled Vinegar ℥ 7 ss let it stand the Vinegar will be tinged green cant off the Vinegar the feces being done away abstract that Vinegar in a glass body then the Verdigriece lyeth green on the bottom fairer than it was at first This is that aes Viride half an ounce of it doth more

are dressed And if there any bone be loose then take it out but in case it hangeth yet and sticketh inward then raise it outward again with an Instrument into his former place Let it stand so use convenient means and let Nature provide for the rest I know she will not be wanting unto her self CHAP. VIII Of the Head-ach after the Cure and how that is to be helped How to make the subtile Head ointment with remarkable examples of Head-wounds cured Head-ach after the cure of a Head-wound IT happeneth sometimes after that a Wound hath been fully cured that the Patient after two three or more dayes or after so many weeks feeleth pains in his head and the same pains do increase more and more and many die of it for all Surgeons do not understand the cause thereof and how the same were to be helped of the which I will inform you here First when a Head-wound is healed and riseth after the When a Wound doth swell after healing healing and swelleth and is very painful then lance the Wound presently for it signifieth that some splinter would fain be out and if you do not open it then the matter would make a mighty great hole and break out in another place which would cause many simptoms and troubles and the blow would come on a fresh therefore look you give vent to that matter and when such things are opened then the plaister will draw out the splinter together with the matter bloud and water and if you think it good you may let him use an expulsive vulnerary potion then the Wound will be cleansed and cured Secondly look well to these following signes if the Patient complaineth of great pains feels great prickings in the head and these smarting pains increase more and more and cannot endure to be toucht in that place where the Wound formerly was yet no swelling nor rising of the skin appeareth as you heard formerly then is it a sign that within the scull there is a splinter which hangeth inward and causeth these prickings in this case that place must be lanced instantly and the splinter must be taken out as hath been said Thirdly In case the Patient complaineth more and more after the Cure not onely of the place where he was cured but all his head is panting and broyling accompanied with extream pains This is a sign that congealed bloud is gathered under the scull and is turned to an Imposthume And if his eyes be swelled and some bloud and matter runs out of his nostrils then is it a more sign of it This infirmity may with Gods help be cured easily as hath been said already Viz. Cut off the hairs in the place where the pains are lance the skin cross way to the scull in the breadth of half a Crown and put back the four pieces that the scull be naked then cut with a Raisor or other Knife a Wound into the scull open it that you may look into it then the matter will start out against ye and the Patient will be eased and if there be any splinter at hand you may easily see it and take it out as you have heard before This is the onely way to help such a Patient Such Wounds now made are soon healed again onely govern the Patient well as is fitting and as I have informed you before You must lay nothing to his brains as I told you afore for the brains will expel the things of their own accord when they have a vent for it without any further help and suffer not any strange matter to stay or abide there Touching the cutting up of the scull note that there is Note the cutting up of the scull no difficulty in it and is done easily and quickly For the scull gapeth and openeth if there be any splinters or little bones there therefore with a little help those small bones may be taken out onely look narrowly to it whether there be any fracture at hand for you may easily discern whether a splinter within goeth down and inwards or whether there be any more of congealed bloud there But if you find after the opening of the skin neither fracture nor scissure a hundred to one but there is and however you are sure that the scull must be opened be it either by reason of the congealed bloud or by reason of an Imposthume take a well turn'd sharp borer and bore thorough the scull at the place where the pain is then the matter will startle out and when the place is almost thorough bored then work gently and look well to it that you cause no small bones with the boring to fall into the hollow of the head for if so then you will find somewhat to do and not without danger In this case some will have though I never had need Another way to open the scull of that when the matter at the first opening doth not appear then another hole a fingers bredth from the first is to be bored and then to cut both these holes into one and so to make a Wound into the scull into that made hole you may see with a lighted candle in a dark place and understand the cause if you find then either congealed bloud or a swelling then touch it onely a little with an Instrument as soon as it feeleth vent it will soon come forth at the Wound I should like this way well enough in case any splinter or loose bones be there But it is your duty to study in what manner it may be done most fitly and conveniently as the condition of the case requireth and to regulate your self accordingly For it is impossible to set all down in writing onely be mindful of the vulnerary potion as you shall hereafter hear of Before the close of this matter I will tell you how you shall prepare the Head-plaisters and the thin ointment so To make Head-plaisters often mentioned hitherto Make the Head plaister thus â„ž Of Wax â„¥ 8. of washed Turpentine Ê’ 4. of oyl of Roses â„¥ 2. of the juyce of Bettony â„¥ 6. put all these into a pan let it boil let all the joyce boil away when the other are melted then take it off the fire and put thereto pulverized Colophonium â„¥ ss Mastix Frankincense Myrrh of each half a drachm this must be continually stirred till it be so cold that you may touch it with your hands then work among it Oleum Storacis CalamitaeÊ’ ss make it up into rouls and keep it clean for use This plaister cleanseth Wounds leaves no unclean thing in them and is pleasant and proper for the brains and the whole head Therefore use it as it ought it will not deceive you and doth better than Oyls Aqua vitae Waters Salves as you heard above I will teach you another Head plaister which is yet better â„ž Wax lb 1 Turpentine â„¥ 6. melt these together being well heated pour it into Rose water let it

as the strongest onely taken lb 3. boil these together for half an hour and then set it in a warm place for three or four dayes then put it in a coated Retort set it in the open fire let your first fire be gentle and draw all the Vinegar into a Receiver which being done then increase the fire so long till you see red drops coming which must be received a part and still increase the fire so long till nothing comes It s true you will get little enough but as little as it is as great vertue and efficacy it hath not onely in the Eye simptoms but also in other things which in its due place shall be spoken of I know these things according to this process may not be had every where and in case these things could not be had timely enough then other things as good as they may be had must be used for in case of necessity means present are not to be refused and I allow of them if so be the Eyes be not killed or otherwise spoiled In the last place note in case the eye-lids hang over they must be stitched A certain Merchant was cut over the Nose and one of his Eye apples was hurt also that Wound was cross the starre That party next God was helped onely with this red oil of Lead or Lethargir Another party received a splinter of wood in his Eye where it stuck two grains deep in this oil onely recovered his Eye Another party spoiled his Eye unawares with a sharp wood a Surgeon made experiment on him with the white of Eggs and Bole whereby the Eye was killed and when there was no more hope left half the Eye was loosened and the skin of it wrinkled To the party I being called used my Medicine you heard of and put of the red oil into the Eye he presently felt ease and the eye was perfectly cured but onely it was not so clear and a spot staid in it and I am perswaded if I had been with him at first I could have cured his Eye without defect For good men and womens sake I will teach you how To heal Wounds not leaving a scarr behind Wounds are healed and leave no scar to be seen in the face or any where or else they shall hardly be discerned Here I except such Wounds that were stitched and where the bones were shattered and where veins and sinews are hurt I speak onely of such either great or small Wounds in the face or elsewhere that are not very deep and where the skin onely is broken â„ž Good Aqua vitae drawn twice or thrice lb 1. put it in a glass body put thereto bean-floures â„¥ 4. which must be dried a little cover it with a smooth parchment lute a head to it set it in luke-warm Water or in Balneum Mariae as deep as the glass is filled lute a Receiver to it let it stand there so long till you see drops of water lie on the parchment then open it that which is in the Receiver keep in a glass apart well stopped that nothing exhale Whilst the body standeth in Balneo apply cold wet clouts to the head and another clout on the Receiver that the spirits of Wine may cool and resolve into drops At the using of it take the single threeds or ravellings of linne wet them in this Water cleanse the Wounds with them let it lie in the Wounds lay a fine soft boulster on it and bind the Wound close that no air come into it thus the Wound must be drest twice a day at the healing no scarr will be seen Use no other Salve nor Plaister else this Secret will do no good you need not fear that the spirit of Wine will burn much in the Wound you may safely use it CHAP. X. Of Wounds in the Throat and Neck how a Surgeon ought to deal with them AFter the Wounds in the Head and Face follow the Wounds in the Neck and Throat of them I will treat now Here as I have told you before I do not speak of slight and small Wounds but of dangerous ones where partly the great bloud veins are hurt when the sinews of the Neck and the Wind-pipe or the like is wounded my information shall be according to these hoping that he who can heal such Wounds may heal also those which are less dangerous Now to speak of these two sorts of Wounds first note Neck and Throat-wounds are dangerous that these are very perillous and subject to all manner of simptoms by reason of the exceeding great pain and such things are incident viz. Cramp Palsie Apoplexie Wound-consumption and such like and so they must the more wisely be dealt withal and I will give a particular instruction of each Wound because there is some distinction to be observed and in the first place I will speak of the Neck-wounds As I have informed you formerly that as I do not mean Neck-woudds here any slight Wound so on the other side you must understand that I mean not such Wounds where all the Neck is in pieces for such Wounds surely bring death along and are incurable But here I speak of all such Wounds when the Neck is hurt grievously Note also that the Neck dependeth from the Back bone and hath great affinity with the Brains out of whose hinder part runneth a marrow along like a rivelet through the Neck and Back bone Therefore all what I tell you here of the Wounds of the Neck the same you must take also for the Wounds of the Back bone for these are cured all one way Therefore the things spoken of above may be drawn hither Therefore as you have heard above you ought not to Neck-wounds ought not to be stitched nor tented stitch Wounds in the Neck nor to put a tent into much less ought you to search and to sound them with any Instruments how deep and how large these Wounds are whether stabb'd or cut do not sound them let the depth be what it will never trouble them else you cause all manner of sorrows and dangerous simptoms and so you make the last worse than the first was Proceed thus First stench the bloud as you shall hear The true proceeding and having removed the Bloud-stencher then take a good Wound-ointment which you shall find described in its due place in the Chapter of Wound-salves make it luke-warm and pour it into the Wound then apply a good plaister upon be it a stiptick one or an Opodeldoch and cover it with a defensive Plaister made of Beans which must guard the Wound round about This Plaister when there is great pain at hand must be applied fresh several times Have a care that the lowermost Medicaments which lay next the wound do not cling and stick to the defensive plaister therefore betwixt the lowermost and the other lay a cloth on which do ye rest the defensive Plaister But in case the Wound be not pained

by it self but should be mixed with oyl of Olives or oyl of Majoram it allayeth the Cramp keeps off the Palsie caused by the Cramp usually But if the Cramp be in a wound of an outer joint or part Cure of the outer parts where you suspect some sinewes be hurt then mix your wound ointment with some of the red oyl of Turpentine and apply upon a thin stiptick plaister Annoint round about the wound with Tile oyl or with distilled oyl of Bayes and bind him warm And in case the Cramp will not yeild to these means and is on an outer part as hand or foot then foment the wound with warm Lye made of Beech or Oak ashes wherein are boiled Cammomil flowers or Saint Johns-wort Being thus bathed or fomented for half an hour and is well warmed then presently dresse it doubtless the Cramp will cease But take heed you do not cause the Cramp to return and let the patient also be warned of it hereby In such cases I have seen Piony root to be often used for the Palsie wherewith indeed some good may be done if Pionie is good if digged seasonably seasonably digged if not then I found that these roots did no good It must be digged in Aprill when Soll is in Aries and at a plenilunium before the rising of the Sun It must be dryed in the Ayr not in the Sun shine then they are right and proper to be ●●●nged about the party you may make of this green root either a sirup or a conserve it will be the more effectual Touching Palsie Apoplexie c my intent is not to write much of it being it concerneth Physitians more than Surgeons But whereas the Cramp is commonly a cause and forerunner of the Gout Palsie and such like simptoms there seems a necessity to lye upon a Surgeon to have some judgement of it that the better he may oppose and cure it therefore I could not chuse but to give an hint of it I know nothing better to allay this simptom than a well Cure rectified spirit of Vitriol I must confess there are several pretious waters powders c. good against the Palsie I I reject none of these but this I hold to be none of the least Spirit of Vitriol is made thus Take crude Vitriol which is pure and green put it in a coated glass body set it in an To make Spirit of Vitriol Oven into the open fire apply a Receiver and lute it well let your first fire be gentle encrease the fire by degrees get over all the phlegme when the retort hath been red hot a good while and no more water comes over then let the fire go out and let it be cold That phlegme which is come into the Receiver containeth that body in which is the spirit of Vitriol for he is not in the Colcotar as some suppose because in that there is no more spirit but a meer oyl for if you take that spirit of Vitriol which is made of the said Colcotar and you abstract all its spirits in a glass body then on the bottom you will find nothing but a corrosive oyl of Vitriol whereby we see that no small fault is committed herein for the one is not comparable to the other in its vertue That spirit of Vitriol is pure and clear like rock water is acide and not heavy and it is made thus Take that phlegme you have received in the Receiver let it evaporate in Balneo Mariae on the bottom you will find the spirit of Vitriol abstract it in sand a second and third time in an Alembick the oftner the better if any phlegme stayed with it the same you may separate at any time And if you will have it yet better then put to it half as much of spirit of Wine put it into a doubled glass body lute it well set it in Sand for a moneth into digestion This is the true Spirit of Vitriol which hath no corroding quality and may safely be used and specially it is a soveraigne thing for the Head when an Apoplexie Palsie c. is feared and if this Spirit be mingled with Magistene of Pearles and Corals then nothing comparable unto it for the said diseases That Spirit thus mingled may be given to those that are The use of this Spirit troubled with a wound disease or with a Prunella It refresheth and corobrateth the inward parts principally the head and heart It serveth also for a pretious vulnerary Potion The use of it is to be taken fasting four five or six drops in one ounce of distilled water of Stellaria but the soveraignest is that grass green oyl of Vitriol which being it cannot be had every where I forbear to speak any more of it CHAP. XXIII Of consumed withered or updryed Wounds and Members how Surgeons ought to deal with them A Withering is a Symptom which is incident to joints wounded commonly to armes or leggs as much as my experimental knowledge will afford I shall faithfully communicate it This withering or consuming is easily discerned because From whence this withering comes the skin on the outer member looks blacker than that on the found member the causes thereof are several either when muscles sinews joints are wounded by a fall blow thurst c. there may be an external cause of it though not any wound hapned to that part as a cold humor falling into or other diseases be it in the shoulder hip knee c. An Ariditie comes thus also a parry being wounded and by the Surgeons neglect the joint water did run too Exiccation Adridum Membrum long this expert Surgeons call Membrum aridum or an exiccation For the joint water is a food whereby all joints and members are susteined Now if that joint water did run too long then thereby that part was bereaved of its natural humor without which it cannot subsist it being so how can it chuse but to decrease and consume The condition of this joint water is like a tree which is Comparison opend at the prack in the spring whose sap runneth out where it is cut and so the tree withereth and dryeth up and cannot be recovered So if the joint water be run thus long whereby that member is dryed up and grown hard stiff and inflexible then Surgeons bestow their pains in vain about such cures can do no more to it but to allay the pains that are still in it But if it be not gone too farre then be not affraid to fall on the cure and be helpful unto nature There are several causes of this witheredness all of them Cause of this Ariditie I shall not relate one in general I will name touching the occasion of the up-drying That updrying for the most part comes from an oppilation of that member be that caused from what it will either from pains diseases or woundings For where there are great pains in a member which have held a

a hand or foot which did not much trouble me because it was frequent with me to have such cases for that pain upon slighter proceedings passed away after that I went on with rubbing and annointing and with Gods blessing the cure was performed For other sorts of withered parts which almost require one process make this Unguent ℞ Bucks grease ℥ 1 Oyl of Bayes ℥ 3 Oyl of Juniper ℥ ss Oyl of Spicke ʒ 1 Ointment for other ●onsumed parts Hoggs grease ℥ 2 melt these together adde to it the following pulverised pieces of Savine ℥ 1 Nettle seed ℥ ss Alumen Plumosum ℥ ss these well pulverised and stirred among the other are to be made to an Unguent This is used as the other was above related about withered members The poultesse above mentioned made of a Sheep or Calfes Gather is needless here and use here Oxycroceum instead of the plaister made of Wax I must needs speak here of faults ordinarily committed Abuse They usually take Gummi Euphorbium to Ointments against withered members which is here both useless and hurtful For it consumeth all natural heat in that member which is annointed with it it dilateth and dryeth up the skin which ought not to be at any withered or consumed member These men suppose because that Gum is hot therefore it is good here when it is no such matter True hot things ought to be used in such cases but those hot things must have a moist quality also to open the opilations of that member a contrary quality sheweth here that Gum. Many other things could be quoted here to be used against consumed members but I wave them being they are usual and known simptoms But the exiccation of a member is not known so well how it ought to be cured many abuses are committed in its cure and many dangers are caused by ignorant Surgeons I shall be the more exact in the description of such cures the rather because such exiccation may befall a member which was not wounded nor bereaved of its humiditie by the joint waters running A hot chollerick humor may fall into a member or joint whereby such exiccating heat may be caused natural moisture exhausted whereby a member consumeth away For such cases the ordinary Unguent against shrinkings are naught making the case rather worse than better There are other means found against withered members as hot Baths or Pepoirs c. Some Unguents Plaisters Aquavitae's c. There are also Topical medicines viz Levisticum gathered in Aprill when Soll entreth Aries and Other means against withered parts Ellebore niger and the like which sometimes prove effectual There are medicaments also which for that purpose may be used inwardly at the increase of the Moon but these are good against ordinary consumed members but not against exiccated ones as the Paracelsian Water made of Bloodwort which I have made use of and found it to do good Such like things are successefully used against withered members but this order ought to be kept also which you heard given about consumptions or spoiled members To speak really the Unguents are not so much regarded as their true preparation and careful application to work them strongly into the place affected Therefore let Surgeons use what they have learned and known in their practick applying things duely and discreetly therein lyeth the chiefest part of their judgement Note As long as a wound is not healed and great pains are in it a Surgeon will do little good unless the pains in the wound be removed In like manner if a member be out of joint the same must first of all be well set again if you do not so then your cure is in vain Nature desires to be unhindred in her course If in this manner you be carefull about a wound that no pain be caused nor any joint water running be obstructive then the less danger will be about the consumption of that member I cannot chuse but to reveal a Secret very good against all manner of consumptions of members none comparable A Secret for all Aridities unto it but my expressions will be according to this Art to which every one must take his course and those that knows to work with fire will agree with me For it is an universal medicine against all consumptions it opens pours and obstructions in one day more than other Unguents will do in a whole moneth it purgeth sinews which of necessity must be done here Take of fixed Allom ℥ 4 I mean not crude sharp or drawing Allom but the mild and soft Allom which is taken out of its own earth mingle with it dissolved or fused Salt very purely beaten three times as much put it in a pot or other vessel lute it well keep out all ayr set it in a reverberatory put fire to it of the fourth degree the flames must beat upon twelve houres long all must be red hot then let it cool take it out open it the matter which you find on the bottom cast into four quarts of Well water it will dissolve that which doth not dissolve keep and dry it put it in a glass pour on it Alcool vini which is an Aquavitae distilled subtilly from all phlegme so that being put in a vessel and kindled that all goeth away with the flame no liquor staying behind let it be covered two fingers deep about it and so keep it for use when you are to use it then mingle some of it with Oyl of Bayes or others your Ointment is made of annoint the consumed member with it once or twice no matter whether the Moon be new or at the full this annointing will make the memher swell a little but no pain at all it causeth this being done then go all the consumed member over the member and joint will recover its former strength keep that member warm let it take no cold I tell you that this Seeret is so effectual working upon all manner of opilations of joints it will help also a Sciatica A Secret for the Sciatica be it caused by heat or by cold of a short or a long standing My intent was not to reveale that Secret against the Sciatica which followeth but having such a near affinity with the former for the publick good sake I will reveale it Take the foresaid Water from which the foresaid Powder was separated make it warm rub the hip bone well with it then take the above said Powder prepared mingle it with Oyl of Bayes make an Unguent and annoint the affected place with it once a day and do it for two daies then take of the Water where that matter was separated from one part of Vervain and Centorie ana three parts boil these in a sufficient quantity of Water for a bath let the party be fomented with four or five times for one or two hours that must be in the decrease of the Moon then is it enough Whilest the patient is in that stove let this

that rust they put into a melting pot make it red hot and bring it to another colour But it should not be so because the Salt of it is not taken off for whose sake it ought not to be used to any medicine For it should be made without bringing the Iron unto rust not adding any Salt thereunto and it is done thus Take pure Iron filings which are not tasty put them into a long Reverberatory give a strong fire at last give the strongest degree of fire for a day and a night that the Iron be brought unto a brown-red being cold take it out and cast it into a tub full of water stir it lustily about and suddenly put it into another tub in the first tubbs bottom all that Iron will be which is not sufficiently Reverberated you may fling that away but that which is run over with the first water that you must keep set it on a fire let it evaporate to a dryness I say let it evaporate and not cant it off else its obstructive vertue goeth away also This is the best way to prepare Crocus Martis thus may it safely be used in medicines of which I made mention often in the description of the Opodeldoch and Blood-stenchings How the Erath of Vitriol is made Take of Vitriol as much as you will put it in an earthen Terra Vi●rioli pot make a circular fire about it and calcine it to a red colour being thus rubified then pulverise it and pour water upon let it stand a day and a night then pour off the water and pour other water on it let it stand to clear up cant it off iterate it as often that all sharpness be taken off and brought to a sweetness make it dry then you have a kettle brown earth which hath greater vertues and operations than Bole or Terra Sigillata Of Stiptick Plaisters There are several sorts of Stiptick Plaisters having often made mention of them above here and there only giving a hint of their names not shewing what sort of them I meant therefore as occasion serveth I will speak of their preparation and use Take of Wax one ounce of Turpentine four ounces of Colophone two ounces of Gum Galbanum Opopanax Armoniacum of each three quarters of an ounce of Magnet two ounces of Amber one ounce of Mastick Myrrh ana one quarter of an ounce of Verdigriece one quarter of an ounce make an Emplastrum out of these according to use This Plaister draweth forth from the deep bottom all impure corruptions which did settle in wounds and stabs Another Stiptick Plaister Take of Wax half a pound of Turpentine not of the running Rasom four ounces of prepared Calmy five ounces of Silver lethargyre one ounce of oes ustum half an ounce of Vitriol earth three quarters of an ounce of Crocus Martis one quarter of an ounce of Amber Frankincense Myrrh of each one dram mingle all these according to the manner of a Plaister and work it with your hands into rouls This Stiptick Plrister is good for running wounds making fresh flesh to grow and opposeth the running of the radical humor Another Stiptick Plaister Take of Wax one pound of fair white Rasom four ounces of Turpentine one ounce of juice of Celondine four ounces of Solanum majus half an ounce oyl of Toads two ounces of Stirax liquida one ounce of Gum Ammoniacum one quarter of an ounce of Myrrh Sarcocolla ana one dram of oyl of Scorpium two ounces out of these make a Plaister according to Art Oyl of Toads is made thus Take of Sallade oyl half a Oyl of Toads pound put into it eight nine or ten Toads according to the bigness more or lesse bake them in it and let them be cold thus you have your Toads Oyl which is endued with several good qualities the Toads must be spitted with a stick and on that spit to let them dye that earth they have in their bowels must be taken out and must be well cleansed with Vinegar This Stiptick Plaister is very good for such wounds in which there is any venom it draweth out all impure things brings the wound to a separation when these signs are at hand then that Plaister must be put away and others must be used It is requisite that when these Plaisters are used the patients be put to sweat either with Treacle or Mithridate then the vertues of this Plaister will the more be seen in these venemous wounds in their inflamation or wound galls Reader to describe this Plaister I could not chuse though it was not mine intent to write of any poisoned wounds And thus I close to speak of Wound Plaisters hoping that the Reader will conceive of my instrustion how in such cases Surgeons ought to deal There are good Plaisters made also of other things which I do not reject onely let Surgeons observe and know whether their Plaisters agree with the Wounds Of Defensive Plaisters There are as many sorts of Defensive plaisters as there Defensive plaisters are of Wound Unguents Wound Oyls and Wound Plaisters The Ancients have prepared these of Bole sealed Earth Ceruss and such like and called them Defensives because they used them to that end that the Corrosives which they used should eat no further these Defensives keeping them within their bounds But I using no Corrosives neither to Wounds nor Ulcers but hold them for a horrible thing therefore I have not need of any such Defensive Plaisters but I call these Plaisters Defensives for another reason because they asswage the smarting pains defend and preserve wounds from many dangerous simptoms and for that reason I advise Surgeons to make use of them for dangerous wounds for I found it so in my practick that great good is done thereby And these Plaisters I used to all wounds where there was a necessity for it instead of Poultesses in whose stead I keep unto Defensives by reason of their utillity and reject Cataplasms as dangerous things yea I can say truly if only a single Wax plaister great and broad be applyed about the wound it is better than Cataplasms made of Milk Meal Rose cakes Oyl Butter Mel●lot c. To speak of these note first that some Unguents are Defensive unguents had for that purpose which deserve the name of Defensives these are made several waies amonst the rest they are made of yolks of Eggs and of oyl of Roses item of Honey of oyl of Roses and of yolks of Eggs item of Honey of yolks of Eggs Saffron and Saint-Johns oyl c. Of this Unguent put once into wounds and annointed with defends them from dangerous inflamations which Surgeons ought to take notice of Though they be plainly prepared and composed and are not fetcht from the Indians yet in such cases they are used safely doing much good Now will I shew you my Defensives A Defensive Plaister 1. Take Wax and soft tuff white Rosin of each lb 1 Dears suet Turpentine of

sinews for you stitch it through which was not cut through and make more holes into than you need and you will cause a lameness which would not have been if it had not been for your stitching for these stitches are not made for plainness sake but to help and keep that together which was not hurt and to keep the further part from hanging And this happeneth to no Member so soon as to the The thumbs use Thumb and so no Member ought to be puld and bound more upwards than the Thumb for if the Thumb fals or sinks into the Parties Hand it is not onely for no use but is hurtful also for what keeps stronger hold in the whole Hand but the Thumb for when the other Fingers pull to then the Thumb meets them But if the Thumb lieth in the hand then he not onely holdeth nothing but le ts go that also which is given and put into Therefore be careful be the Wound cut shot or lamed any way to set the Thumb out of the Hand for it will fall soon enough into the Hand more than it will be to the Patients liking regard not the Patients complaint if he saith that he cannot bring his Thumb into the Hand for in case he must be lame yet the Thumb standing out of the Hand is of better use then if within Have alwayes a care to the Thumb for the Thumb stands in better stead in the Hand than two other Fingers and do not let it fall into the Hand for after the healing it will fall into the Hand however Briefly keep the Thumb upwards in all your dressings This happeneth not onely to this great sinew but also to other sinews and veins if you can come by them to stitch them as here by this great sinew doubtless they will grow together and heal But the Surgeon must still be provided with good Medicaments to prevent simptoms If any ones hand be wounded these Wounds ought not to be stitched nor tented less than any other Wound by reason No Wound to be stitched on the Hand of the many bones and sinews This rule is slighted by a great many and this is the reason that when a party hath received a wound on the Hand though the Wound was but slight the fingers are not onely stiffe and defective but sometimes the whole Hand groweth lame thereby which such supposed Surgeons have caused with their stitches and Tents truly the Magistrate should punish such fellows severely which do spoil the people in this manner Whether a cold or a hot dressing be better Now I come to speak of cold and hot dressings of which something hath been spoken already in the first part here are many abuses and faults committed Touching this business whether a Wound ought to be dressed cold or hot in my mind according to my experience it is best to dress it milk-warm Therefore care must be had that the Ointments Oyls and such like be used warm which pleaseth and fitteth Wounds best and to keep in these with bolsters and roulers c. The general fault herein is that many apply their Medicines as hot as ever they can thinking they do very well Hot dressing is hurt full especially when they apply their Cataplasmes made of marsh Mallows Lin seed Butter Oyl Milk Meal Rose cakes with such things they think to do great wonders Such Poultesses may do good when swellings are to be ripened and softned But to apply them to Wounds will cause but mischiefs Cause of putrefaction because such hot things applied cause putrefaction which in Wounds ought not to be For such Poultesses choak up Wounds which of necessity breeds corruption and when these are taken off from the Wound there comes a great fume from the Wound very moist and wet which is a sure fore-runner and sign of putrefaction caused by that suffocation which paineth the Wound exceedingly and bringeth Sign of it great hurt unto it And if it be a Joynt-wound there settleth usually a moisture about the Joynt where like a Tartar it doth coagulate thence is caused a lameness because that matter groweth harder and harder and taketh root there and all this is meerly caused by choaking the Wound with such hot Cataplasmes Experience sheweth sufficiently that when these pap-Cooks A stinking Bird stayes in the Nest with their Poultesses have healed a Wound where many veins and sinews lie commonly a stinking Bird stayeth behind in the Nest as I told you in the first part For how often doth it fall out that a wounded man being healed afterward is mightily pained and swelled which such Surgeons Pains and swellings in Wounds are not able to help for if such errors are not known of them whilst the Wound is open what wonders should these Surgeons perform after the Wound is closed Touching cold dressings they are not good but hurtful Cold dressing hurtful and are to be avoided because they cause cramps great pains in veins and sinews therefore at the dressing of Wounds a right warmth is used conformable unto Nature neither too hot nor too cold You say some Wounds are hot and some are cold and so they must be dealt withal accordingly as necessity requireth I reply that that heat or cold is not to be regarded for if good and proper Medicaments are used they cool the hot and warm the cold parts by their own vertue and quality Therefore if a Wound be hot do not think to drive away that heat by a cold dressing and so it is with a cold Wound for proper Medicines must do the fea● For as a Good Medicines do cool and warm cold thing quencheth not a fire but water and other liquid things doth it be the water hot or cold it is all one its moistness will quench it even so are good Medicines effected unto Wounds Therefore do not say this is cold and this is hot in the Wound but say it is a simptom Now as there is a variety of simptoms so they require several Medicaments and hot ones also as oyl of Turpentine Petroleum there are some hot Wounds also which ask for coolers according as occasion is which must be observed carefully And if there be any pains in the Wound then things are not right either the Patient hath done amiss or the Medicine was not proper or a simptom is coming on then the Medicine must be altered accordingly but no hot nor cold dressing is to be used CHAP. XV. Of cloven Nails on Fingers and of their cure SOmetimes the Nails on Fingers are cloven either the long or the cross way and are almost wholly loose And when they hang yet a little fast at the uttermost part you may cut it off but it will be long before another cometh for the flesh about the Nail commonly groweth high and hindereth the Nails growth if that hanging Nail be tied it is painful yet it may not so neatly be healed as a new one would

several and different so their Cures also Difference in Wounds must be according Some Wounds are cured onely with outward means if timely and orderly used other Wounds require also inward Medicaments without which they are not cured Therefore vulnerary Potions which I shall teach you are not to be rejected to expel the filth from the bloud and flesh Touching the Patients diet you heard of it before which I will not repeat here onely let me tell of the Medicaments I made mention of formerly how they ought to be prepared To make Coolers To make the Cooler do thus â„ž Honey lb 2. the juice of Housleek lb ss juice of Crefishes five ounces Rose Vinegar six ounces phlegm of Vitriol five ounces mingle all these scum it well in the boyling let it be a little thinner then Honey thus is it right The juice of Crefishes is made thus â„ž Oflive Crefishes lb 1. beat them in a morter press out the sap Phlegm of Vitriol is the distilled water from Vitriol at the drawing off the spirit of it Of these in the Chapter of Cramp and Palsie c. more shall be spoken This is a good Cooler it quencheth the fire presently it must stand and go no further and the fire must separate the sooner from the sound part It is not onely good against the fire the Gun-powder left in the Wound but other burnings also caused by Wood Water Oyl Iron Tin Lead Gold c. if the burnt place be annointed with it then a stiptick Plaister applied to it will do very well This fire being quenched and the pain allayed then milder Medicines must be used which mitigate the Wound and help to expel the rest I will teach you one or two I made use of my self â„ž Wax four ounces melt it on a gentle fire add to it of fresh Butter one ounce of Lin seed oyl two ounces all these being well melted then pour it forth into a pewter dish in which be water of plantain or Roses stir it well about make it hot again consume away the Water pour it again into the dish stir it well about then set the dish on a place to warm stir it still then all the water will be gone stir among it of Bole half an ounce then is the Ointment prepared for to get out the fire let it lie as deep as it will the Wound must be often drest with it at the beginning and the Plaister before spoken of applied to it Another cooling Ointment which quencheth not onely the fire but draweth it out also but it is not so good against Another Cooler the burning caused by Gun-powder as that which is prepared with Honey Make it thus â„ž Lin seed and Hemp seed-oyl ana lb ss Oyl of Poppy seed four ounces mingle these Oyls beat them put a spoonful of Vinegar to it let it cool some feces will settle to the bottom which cleanly must be separated from the Oyls Then â„ž of Wax three ounces melt and mingle it with a quarter of an ounce of white Amber put these among the Oyls then is your Ointment prepared Thus much of cooling Ointments because it is known enough how cooling Ointments are made It happeneth sometimes that though the fire be quenched and expelled yet the Wound doth not heal and is at a stand In such a case use the following remedy In case the Wound healeth not â„ž Gray Calmy stone and Tutia Alexandrina or a Calmy cake ana one ounce grind them small put it in a Crucible let it stand in a glowing heat for an hour then pour it into good Vinegar let it cool there which being done then take it out set it again into a glowing heat and then let it cool then take the juyce of Nightshade two ounces of Litharge of Silver a quarter of an ounce oyl of Roses half a pound of Wax four ounces of Frankincense one drachm mingle all these and make an Ointment of it There are many Simples found also which take out the Simples that are good also in that case fire and are of a sanatife quality viz red and white Colewort Soladel and many more of that kind And some Animals also are good viz. Frogs Geese c. of these I speak no more here Surgery being of a greater concernment with the Manuals and Experience in it more than great prating come too An expert Surgeon according to skill and Experience will Manuals Experience is best in Surgeons find more things than conveniently may be set down in writing when where and how is to order and alter his Medicines and to make them milder or stronger This I will teach you how the aforesaid Saltpeter is to be To prepare Saltpeter for Wounds made by shot prepared for Wounds made with shot and how Tents are to be made and used because the preparation is not known to every one First touching the Saltpeter its preparation is thus its naughty humidity is to be taken from it and a better restored to it that it may safely be used for the good of the Patient it is of a good scent it quencheth thirst it allayeth heat provoketh urine and is endowed with many good qualities not known to every one It s preparation is thus â„ž Of the purest clarified Peter two ounces put it in a pot and make a circular fire about let it be melted it being melted put a little quantity of purified Sulpher to it that being flamed away then cast more into till a quarter of an ounce be burnt in it the Sulpher clarifieth the Peter and when it is purified enough cast it forth and pulverise it and put it into a Bag or Manica Hypocratis put Rose water to it and make a Lixivium this Lie boyl away half let it cool and shoot into Cristals which you keep for use boil away the moiety of the remaining water let it cool and shoot again pulverise the Cristals keep them from the air in a glass for use The Tents formerly mentioned are made thus â„ž The juyce of Speedwel rectified through Wooll two ounces Gum Tragacanth purely beaten half an ounce mingle and reduce it to a pap let it stand in a warm place it will be like dough then take lint of Silk roul it in this pap on a pewter plate and keep these Wicks for use Note these must be made of a pretty bigness because in their drying they grow less when they are dry and you have need to use them then take one cover it with your cooling Ointment ' and put it into the Wound the Wick will swell in it and the Tragacanth attracteth all the moist filth which at one time with such a Wick you may get out of the Wound The lint the Wick is made of must hang out of the Wound to be pulled out thereby else it may be lost in the Wound Use the Wicks so long till the Wounds are cleansed and the heat and anger of it be past Some