under an unknowne author hath in it thus written Poplicola III. Pulvillo Ruso Aquilino Valerio Tuberto Livie omitteth these Consuls in their place putteth downe M. Valerius and P. Posthumius but as Sigonius thinketh the fault is in the writers of the booke But that this yeere should necessarily come betweene Onuphrius thinketh according to the booke of M. Tullius Cicero entituled Brutus and certain it is that Verrius Flaccus in his Capitoline tables hath not rejected these Consuls Now this name Lartius is derived of Lars and so ought it to be written and not Largius as corruptly it is to bee seene in some coppies of Livie and Dionysius As for the surname to Herminius Onuphrius supposeth it to have been Esquilinus both for that the mention of that surname appeareth in a fragment of the Capitoline marbles as also because of what familie els it should be no writer ever hath delivered This Sp. Lartius was the brother of Titus Lartius the first Dictator as writeth Dionysius 249 M. Valerius P. Poslumius PLutarch as also Dionysius and Livius writeth that this M. Valerius was brother to M. Valerius Publicola and therefore truly is he said to bee the son of Volusus Postumius for his surname had Tubertus Witnesse Zonaras together with Plutarch in Poplicola and Dionysius in the fifth and sixt bookes Him Dionysius calleth the brother of Quintus where hee treateth of the Consular embassadours sent unto the Commons in the yeere 260. This Postumius as Onuphrius teacheth was by old authours written without the aspiration h either because of Postea Postumus and Postimius and so Postumius is derived or for that in old time they wrote umus without the said h. Now is he called Postumius who was borne last as Cesellius witnesseth in his commentaries of ancient readings Howbeit lawyers pronounce the word with the aspiration and call by that name him only who was born after his fathers death and with them accord Varro and Plutarch in the life of Sylla 250 P. Valerius IIII. T. Lucretius DIonysius Livius Plutarch and Cassiodorus report these for Coss. this yeere But the registers of Cuspinian deliver unto us Poplicola the fourth time and Tricipitinus Valerius Maximus in the fourth booke and fourth chapter writeth thus Valerius Poplicola began his Consulship with Brutus the same man bare three Consulates afterwards to the great contentment of the people 251 Agrippa Menenius P. Postumius DIonysius hath for Coss. this yeer Agrippa Menenius Lanatus L. Postumius the second time Livie Cassiodorus Cuspinians book and the Greek records disagree not from him Valerius Max. 4. booke 4. cap. corruptly calleth him M. Menenius Agrippa Now Agrippae are they called who are born into the world with extraordinarie throwes and birth-travels of their mothers namely not with their heads but their feet forward against nature 252 Opiter Virginius Sp. Cassius LIvius Zonaras Cassiodorus name these Consuls barely thus Dionysius yet is more liberall calling Sp. C. Ssius Vscellinus Opiter Virginius Tricostus But whome Dionysius calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cicero in his Laelius tearmeth Cassius Becillinus And Cuspinians kalender Viscellinus For first of Viscus commeth Viscellus so from thence they derive V. Scellinus Opiter to note that by the way as Sex Pompeius saith is hee whose father died before his grandsire And the word soundeth thus much as if hee were born after his fathers death or because he taketh his grandsire for his father 253 Postumius Commius T. Lartius LIvie Dionysius Zonaras and Cassiodorus name these simply thus But Cuspinians Kalender giveth to Postumius the surname Auruncus and to Lartius Ruffus And those whome Cuspinians booke nameth Ruffi the Greek registers by another word but to the same sence call Flavi 254 Sev. Sulpitius M' Tullius LIvie and Cassiodorus allow to these no surnames at all The Sicilian records give to Salpitius the addition of Camerinus like as the Kalender of Cuspinian and to Tullius of Longus as also doth Dionysius who writeth that Manius Tullius died in the time of his magistracie that in his place there was none substituted because the yeer was welneer at an end Of this M' Tullius Cicero speaketh in his Brutus saying As if I should avouch my selfe to be descended of M' Tullius the Patritian who in the tenth yeer after the expulsion of the KK was Cos. with Ser. Sulpitius This surname Manius as Sext. Pompeius saith commeth hereupon that some one was born mane i. in the morning like as Lucius who entred into the world by day light And in another place this Manius qd he consecrated the field Nemorensis from whom many noble and famous man sprung continued many yeeres Whereupon arose the proverb Multi Manij Aricia â—ther bee many Manij at Aricia Moreover he was called Servius who came of parents either both or one at least whiles they were in bondage or els who when his mother was dead lived still in her wombe and so was saved 255 C. Vetusius T. Ebutius THe forename of this Vetusius or Veturius in some copies of Livie as Marlian sheweth in his annales of Consuls is Caius in other Cneus in Cassiodorus Lucius in Dionysius Publius who also surnameth Veturius Geminus and T. Ebutius Helua and in some place 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but faultily for the Latin writers also affirm his surname to be Helua The Greeke records likewise have Helua and Geminus Moreover they that write him Vetusius imitate the auncient manner of putting s. for r. as when they call men Fusij Valesij Papisij But they who call him Veturius follow the latter usage Of this matter Livie speaketh in the yeer 292. 156 Q. Clalius T. Lartius THus say Livie and Cassiodorus but Dionysius surnameth T. Lartius Fâ—avus and Q. Claelius Sâ—culus to whom accord the registers both of Cuspinian Sicilie This T. Lartius is the same as appeareth by Dionysius who before was Consull and therefore is his surname Flavus rightly added The house of the Câ—alij as also of the Iuâ—ij Servilij Geganij Curiatij and Quintilij descended from the Albanes first as Dionysius writeth 257 Au. Sempronius M. Minutius THus Livie and Cassiodorus deliver unto us these Coss. But Cuspinians registers and the Sicilian surname them Atratinus and Augurinus And Dionysius nameth them A. Sempronius Rhaetinus and M. Minutius Augurinus albeit he maketh no mention of Augurinus but in the second Consulship of Minutius As for Aulus hee was so called who being new borne was nourished and fostered by the gods 258 Au. Postumius T. Virginius THus are these Coss. set down by Dionysius Livie and Cassiodorus And to them verily the Greek records put to the surnames of Albus and Caelimontanus But the booke of Cuspinian ad Regillensis and Tricostus besides so that by him they are thus written Au. Posthumius Albus Regillensis T. Virginius Tricostus Caelimontanus 259 App. Claudius and P. Servilius LIvius and Cassiodorus record these for Consuls this yeare The registers as well of
gifts and so partly with great promises what wonders he would doe and partly with raising slanders upon the king in all places and charging upon him odious crimes he grew very great and mightie At the last espying a convenient time to set on foot and putin execution his intended projects with a strong guard of armed men hee entred forciblie into the Forum or common place of assemblie whereat the people all surprised with great feare he sat him downe upon the kings throne even at the entrance of the Curia or Senate house and there by the voice of the crier summoned the Senatours to counsell before king Tarquinius Who forthwith there assembled together Some thereto made and prepared aforehand others for feare least their not comming might turn them to displeasure And as they were astonted at this strange and wonderfull sight so they thought Servius utterly undone and his case desperate There Tarquinius began an invective in spightfull and reprochfull tearmes touching the first pedigree or parentage of Servius saying that he being a slave and born of a bond-woman after the cruell and shamefull death of his father Tarquine usurped the king domeanot by meanes of an Interreigne as the order was aforetime nor by a solemne assemblie and the free voices of the people ne yet by the assent of the nobles but only through the wile and fraud of one woman And as he was quoth he thus borne and thus created king so hath he been a partial favourer ever of the basest sort even such as himselfe and in hatred of the noble birth of others hath divided amongst the vilest persons lands taken from the cheese men of the citie and all such burdens and charges as had ben in times past common to all he hath cast upon great personages of qualitie and worth and set up an assessing or taxing that the state of the wealthier persons being made knowne and exposed to envie he might bring them into disgrace with the people and bestow their goods upon the poorest and neediest at his pleasure Amidst this Oration of his came Servius in place advertised of the matter by a fearefull messenger in all hast And presently began to crie out with a lowd voice at the very porch or entrie of the Curia What is here ado quoth hee and what meaneth this O Tarquine How darest thou during my life assemble the Senatours or sit on my seat Whereunto he stoutly made a prowd answere that hee did but keepe his fathers throne and being as hee was a kings sonne hee demeed himselfe more worthie to bee inheritor of the kingdome than a bondslave and as for him hee had been suffered long ynough to play with his good Masters and to insult over his betters With this arose a great clamour from the partakers and complices of both sides the people they ran from all parts to the counsell house and like it was that the stronger should be king Then Tarquinius being put to his shifts and forced to trie the utmost seeing no other remedie tooke Servins by the middle as being himselfe much younger and stronger farre carried him out of the counsell house and threw him downe from the staires head to the foot and so returned againe into the Senate house to get the Senators together The kings officers with the guard attending upon him sled Himselfe well neere dead with certaine of his courtiers and traine breathlesse also for feare made speed and retired towards his pallace as farre as to the top of Cyprius street where he was overtaken by them that were sent by Tarquinius and so slaine outright And it is verily thought that this was done by the suggestion and procurement of Tullia so little disagreeth it from other wicked prankes of hers But this one thing is known for certaintie that she came riding in her coach into the common place of assemblie nothing dismaied or abashed at the presence of so many men there met together called forth his husband out of the Senat house was the first that stiled him with the title of King By whom shee being willed to depart a way out of that throng and uprore as she returned homeward as far as the pitch of Cyprius street where was of late a place consecrated unto Diana called Dianium the coachman that had the guiding and driving of the steeds as he turned the chariot on the right hand up to the cliffe Virbius for to passe up to the hill Esquiliae suddainely staired for feare and reined in his horses and shewed unto his ladie and mistresse Servius lying there murdered And hereof followed as the report goeth a beastly part and beyond all sence of humanitie which the very place doth witnesse still at this day called thereupon Sceleratus Vicus i. the wicked street Wherein the raging and frantike woman Tullia harried with the suries and haunted with the ghosts of her sister and husband caused men say her chariot to be driven over her fathers dead corps and being her selfe bespreint and beraied with the bloudie chariot carried home with her some part of it in token and witnesse that her hand was in this parricide and murder of her owne father to the end that shee might provoke her owne domesticall gods and her husbands to wrath and displeasure and so consequently as they entred their raigne with mischeefe and wickednesse they might soone after be turned out therof with shame and infamie Servius Tullius raigned foure and fortie yeares in such wife carrying himselfe as it were hard even for a good and staied prince that should succeed him to follow his steps This made moreover for his glorie and fame that together with him died all right and lawfull government of Romane kings And even that regiment of his so mild so gracious and temperate as it was yet because it rested in the absolute power of one man he was minded as some doe write to have forgone and given over had not this wicked intestine practise from his owne familie come betweene to prevent and cut off his good designes and intent to let his country free After him began to raigne Tarquinius for his insolent acts surnamed Superbus i. the prowd For he would not suffer his wives father unkind sonne in law he to be interred saying eftsoons in jibing manner that Romulus also died and was never buried Moreover the principall heads of his peeres and nobles such as he thought had favoured Servius his proceedings and tooke parr with him those he made away and slew Afterwards fearing upon the guilt of his owne conscience that he had given an ill precedent for others to take vantage against himselfe attaining to the crown so leaudly he retained therfore a guard of armed men about his bodie and in very truth setting only might aside no other right had he to weare the diademe as who raigned neither by peoples election nor Senatours approbation Over and besides all this to the end he might sit safely in his seat
armies were both by the Sabines at Eretum and also by the Aequians in Algidum discomfited They that sled from Eretum in the dead of the night had encamped and fortified upon an high ground nearer unto the cittie of Rome betweene Fidene and Crustumenia And when the enemy pursued them still and provoked them to fight they would never come foorth into the plaine and even ground to encounter with them in a pight battaile but stood upon their guard and defended themselves trusting in the situation of the place their rampier and nothing upon their owne manhood and force of armes But in Algidum they committed a more foule and beastly fault and receaved with all a greater losse and overthrow insomuch as having lost their campe with all their tents the souldiors being turned out of bag and baggage their harneis and implements of necessarie use retired for refuge to Tusculum hoping there to be entertained as guests and to live upon the protection mercie and devotion of their hoasts and freinds who failed and deceaved not their expectation But to Rome there came such fearefull news that the Senatours and Nobles laying apart now all hatred against the Decemvirs thought good to keepe watch and ward in the cittie and commanded as many as were able to beare armes to keepe the wals and guard the gates they gave order also to send harneis and armour to supply their want at Tusculum moreover That the Decemvirs should abandon the castle at Tusculum and with their souldiors take the field and keepe the campe That they likewise should dislodge and remove from Fidene that lay fortified there and remove into the countrie of the Sabines so that by making wars upon the enemies first they might scare and divert them from pursuing their intent of giving assault unto the cittie of Rome Besides these damages and foiles sustained at the enemies hands the Decemvirs committed both in warre abroad and also in the cittie at home two most wicked and horrible facts For whereas one L. Siccius during their aboad in the Sabines countrie upon an odious conceit malice against the Decemvirs had gone up and down and in secret talke whispered in the eares of the common souldiors some mention of creating Tribunes and of another insurrection and departure him the Decemvirs dispatch afore to espie out a convenient plot of ground to encampe in Now they had given those souldiors in charge whom they sent to accompanie him in that expedition to set upon him in some fit place of advantage and to kill him And kill him they did but to their owne cost for whiles he sought in his owne defence some of those that laid for his mischiefe died for it and lay along about him for companie for being a right stout and strong man of his hands he stood to it couragiously and notwithstanding he was beset round about he defended himselfe very manfully The rest that escaped bring word into the camp that Siccius was fallen unawares into an ambushment and whiles he fought lustely was with certaine other of the souldiors slaine At the first credit was given to him that brought the newes But afterwards when as there was a band of souldiors thither sent by the permission of the Decemvirs to burie them that there lay dead they observing none of their bodies there to be disarmed and dispoiled and Siccius lying in the middest in his armour and all the rest of the dead with their faces towards him no corps of enemie nor footing of them departing thencefro brought away with them his dead carcasse and made report that undoubtedly and past all peradventure he was murdered by his owne companie Hereupon was the whole campe fulfilled with hatred and detestation of this fact and generally it was agree that Siccius forthwith should be convaied to Rome had not the Decemvirs made hast to solemnise his funerals souldior like at the publike charge of the common treasurie So enterred was he with exceeding sorrow and mourning of the souldiors but to the most shamefull obloquie and infamie of the Decemvirs amongst the common sort Now followeth the other heinous deede committed within the cittie which began of wanton lust and had as foule and shamefull an end as that which upon the carnall abusing and bloudie death of Lucretia cast the Tarquines out of the cittie and deprived them of their regall dignitie that both KK and Decemvirs might have not only the like successe and issue but also one and the selfesame cause of loosing their rule dominion Appius Claudius enamoured upon a virgin a commoners daughter lusted to the abuse and spoile of her bodie The father of the maiden L. Virginius was of good calling and in place of credit in the camp that lay in Algidum and had the leading there of a companie a man of honest example and conversation of life both at home and also abroad in warfare His wife likewise of vertuous disposition so were their children nurtred and taught accordingly He had espoused and affianced his daughter in mariage to one L. Icilius a man of stout courage as having been Tribune and whose vertue and valour had been well tried and approved in the quarrell and defence of the comminaltie This damsell in the prime of her yeares passing faire and beautifull withall Appius I say cast a fancie and liking unto and so burned in love of her that he assaied with gifts and faire promises to win her good will But seeing all guarded and surely fenced with maidenly shamefastnes and honestie he bent his mind wholy to cruell and proud violence He suborneth and setteth on a favourite and follower of his one M. Claudius to make challenge and lay claime unto her as his bondmaid and not to give place nor yeeld her unto them that required to have her at libertie out of his hands during the suite and untill she brought proofe of her freedome supposing because the father of the virgin was absent he had good opportunitie to worke this feate and compasse his intended injurie As the maiden therefore was comming into the market place for there were the schooles for peties kept of reading and writing the Decemvirs man a broker to serve his masters lust laid hold upon her avowing that she was his bondservants daughter and therfore his bondmaid commanding her to follow him and threatning besides that if she made any staies he would have her away perforce The fearfull girle here at was amazed and her nurce withall cride to the Quirites for helpe wherupon the people came running flocked together all about them Now was the name of Virginius her father and likewise of Icilius her spouse verie gratious and popular so that the love and favour wherein they stood raised friends and acquaintance and the indignitie of the thing besides moved the wole multitude to tender the cause of the damosell When as therfore she was now past danger of violence the partie that made claime unto her said there
greater part of the nobilitie they have grounded and built all their hopes of dignitie promotion and advancement in the Romanes and namely in him who now can doe all in all with them and is of greatest reputation And certes to speake a truth him they preferre not onely before me his elder brother but also they go within a very little to set him before your selfe his liege king and naturall father For this is he for whose love and in favour of whome the Senate hath remitted and pardoned you that penaltie which you had incurred This is hee who now protecteth you from the force of Romane armies who deemeth it meet and reason that your old age should be obliged and beholden to his youth For him stand all the Romanes with him take part all those cities which are delivered and free from your subjection of him hold the Macedonians that wish peace with the Romans and take contentment therein Now for me father what hope or helpe can I have elsewhere but in you alone Whereto thinke you tend those letters of Quintius sent lately unto you wherein hee writeth That you did passing well for your owne estate in sending Demetrius to Rome and exhorteth you withall to send him againe the second time accompanied with more embassadours and those the very principall and best of all the Macedonians This T. Quintius if you will needs know the reason is the man who leadeth induceth and directeth him at this present in all things he is his counsellour and schoole-master And Demetrius hath rejected and cast you off his owne father and hath put him in your stead There it is where all these privie plots have heretofore been first contrived and set a hatching and at this present in willing you to send more in embassage and those the chiefe personages of the Macedonians with him he seeketh nought els but helpers assistants to put those designs in execution As many as go from hence to Rome be they never so sound uncorrupt at their setting out be they loiall subjects and acknowledging no other but Philip for their king returne from thence tainted and infected with the alluring enticements of the Romanes Demetrius alone is altogether in their bookes They are all for him and passe for none els Him they call their king during the life of his owne father Now if I seeme to bee touched offended and greeved herewith by and by I am sure to have it charged reprochfully on both sides of mine eares not onely from others but also from your mouth father that I aspire and seeke to be king For mine own part I would both they and you knew that if t he diademe and crowne were here set betweene us both I would none of it For who is he that I should need to undermine and supplant for to step into his place and succeed None there is at all but my father before me and long may he so be I pray God and I wish to survive him no otherwise but if I be worthie and deserve that he should likewise desire the same If my father will make me his heire and inheritour of the kingdom I will accept thereof Hee indeed coveteth to be a king yea and ungraciously covereth it who hasteneth to make pace forward and to step before the course of nature the order of age the custome of the Macedonians and the law of nations But what imagineth Demetrius suppose ye Mine elder brother thinketh he stands in my way between me and home to him appertaineth the kingdome by right and by my fathers will Let us rid him out of the world What I am not the first that sought to be a king by murder of a brother As for my father he is aged he is desolate and bereaved of a sonne hee will have more care to looke to his owne person than mind to revenge the death of his sonne The Romanes they will rejoice they will approve and mainteine my fact These be nice points and these bee ticklish and doubtfull hopes but beleeve me father they are not altogether vaine and frivolous For thus stands the case and this is the sum of all Well may you preserve me out of danger now whiles I am alive by inflicting punishment upon those who take weapon in hand to kill me but let their enterprise speed once and take effect you shall never be able to pursue them to the purpose and revenge my death When Perseus had made an end of his speech they that were present in place cast their eies wistly upon Demetrius as if he would have made answere immediatly and so were all silent a long time and said not a word for they perceived evidently that hee could not for weeping open his mouth but in the end hee was urged by them to speake and then after that necessitie had surmounted his greefe thus hee began My father all those meanes of helpe which were ever wont to serve the defendant in good steed I am prevented and disappointed of by the plaintife my accuser By those false and fained teares of his wrung out and shed to worke the ruine and undoing of another he hath made my true tears suspected which gushing out of mine eies proceed from a melting and wounded heart within And whereas himselfe hath not ceased ever since that I returned from Rome to practise se cretly with his consorts and complices both night and day to lay wait for my life now he begins first with me and will needs put upon me the visor and have the world beleeve that I play the part not onely of a secret and cunning wait-laier but of an open theese and a notorious murderer and cut-throte Hee seemeth to fright you with his owne daunger that he might make even you the very meanes and instrument to hasten forward the death of his innocent brother He saith that he hath no place of refuge in the whole world to the end that I might have no parâ—â—ll at all of hope left so much as in you Thus circumvented as I am left alone forlorn destitute and void of all succour he chargeth me with being in favour and grace with forraine strangers a thing ywis that doth mee more harme than good Moreover see how he proceedeth like a practised and cunning barrister in that hee inserteth and mingleth the last nights worke together with the blame of my former life to the end that he might make more supitious by the course of mine other yeeres passed this criminous matter also the simple truth whereof you shall know anone and withall confirme and mainteine this vain surmise and slander of my hopes my will entended designs by this subtile invention of his by the sained forged fable I say of that which was pretended the night that was He hath not failed moreover to make you beleeve that this accusation of his was not premeditate and studied upon beforehand but framed ex tempore and occasioned only upon the
to Perseus And as for Lucretius and Hortensius they knew full well that it had bene better more for their safetie to have shut their gates against them than to receive them into their citie For such as had excluded them forth as namely they of Emathia Amphipolis Maronea Aenus remain still entier in good estate but with us say they the temples have bin robbed of all their beautifull ornaments and utterly spoiled by these sacriledgers C. Lucretius hath carried all away by water over to Antium and hath led away into bondage and captivitie the persons free borne So as the goods and fortunes of the allies of the people of Rome both have bene and daily are pilled and rifled For according to the use fashion brought up by C. Lucretius Hortensius likewise houseth his marriners as well in summer as winter and our houses are full of a rable of these sailers and sea-men in such sort as our wives and children bee forced to converse among such groomes as make no account at all what either they say or doe Hereupon thought good it was to send for Lucretius into the Senate that he might see his accuser answere face to face purge himselfe of these chalenges But when he was come in place be heard much more in presence than had bene spoken against him in his absence Over and besides there shewed themselves and joined together against him two other more stout adversaries and bitter accusers to wit M. Iuventius T alva and Cn. Ausidius And these two not onely coursed him before the Senat but also having drawne him perforce into the generall assembly of the people and charged him before them with many reproches tooke out processe also and arrested him to make his appearance and answere judicially at a day before the people Then Q. Maenius the Pretour by order from the Senate answered the Chalcidians in this manner Whereas yee alleadge and say That yee have well deserved of the people of Rome both heretofore and also in this present war now in hand the Senat knoweth all that to be true accepteth the same thankfully in the best part as of right they ought As touching your grievaunces and complaints for the levyed parts which C. Lucretius hath plaied and which L. Hortensius still practiseth both Pretours of Rome the same neither have bene nor are committed done by the will and allowance of the people of Rome For who would not judge so of it that knoweth how they levyed warre upon king Perseus and his father Philip before him for to enfranchise Greece and set it at libertie and not that their allies and friends should thus hardly be intreated by their magistrates and governours sent from hence Write therfore they would unto L. Hortensius the Pretour to let him understand that the Senate is not well pleased with these prankes of his which the Chalcidians complaine of Also if any free-borne persons were become thrall and bound that withall convenient speed he should take order to seek the map and restore them again to their former freedome Last of all that they deemed it meet reason that no sailer or martiner but onely the maisters of ships should bee lodged and enterteined in your houses And these were the contents of the letters written unto Hortensius by commaundement from the Senate Vnto the embassadours were gifts sent to every one as much as came to two thousand Asses As for Miccion he was allowed his carriage in chariots at the charges of the cittie and order given that he should with all ease ride in them to Brundusium As for C. Lucretius when the day of appearance was come the Tribunes commensed an action against him before the people to be fined at a million of Asses And in a generall assembly and Sesston holden for this purpose cast hee was and condemned by the suffrages of all the tribes even thirtie five and no sewer In Liguria no memorable exploit was that yeere performed for neither the enemies entred into armes nor the Consull led his legions into their countrie and when he was assured of peace for that yeare hee discharged the souldiours of two Romane legions within 60 daies after his first comming into the province As for the armie of the Latine allies hee brought it early into the citties of Luna and Pisa there to winter and then himselfe with the cavallerie visited most of the citties in the province of Gaule In no place was there any warre but in Macedonie how beit they had in suspition Gentius and the king of the Illyrians Therefore the Senate ordeined to send from Brundusium eight ships readie rigged and fully furnished unto the lieutenant C. Furius at Issa who was governour of the Iland with the guard and strength of two Issean vessels in which were put abourd and shipped two thousand souldiours which Q. Menius the Pretour by a warrant directed out of the Senate enrolled in that quarter of Italie which lieth opposite to Illyricum In like manner the Consull Hostilius sent Appius Claudius into Illyricum with foure thousand footmen for to defend the people in those parts who not content with those forces of his owne which hee had brought with him thither demaunded here and there aids and succours of the allies until hee had put in armes eight thousand men of divers and sundrie nations And after hee had made his progresse through all that region hee set him downe and rested at Lichnidum a citie of the Dassaretians Not sarre from thence there stood a frontier towne called Vseana and for the most part raunged under the obedience of Perseus There were within it one thousand citizens and a small garrison of Cretensians for their better safeguard and defence From thence there came to Claudius secret courriers advertising him that if he would approach neerer with his armie there would be some readie at hand to betray the towne into his hands and woorth the adventure it was say they and would quit for all the paines for able it was with pillage to enrich not himselfe and his friends only but also all his soldiors The hope of this cheat fitting so well his covetous humour so blinded his spirit and understanding that he had not the sence to keep with him any one of those courriers that came unto him nor the wisedome to demand hostages for assurance of this enterprise which was to be exploited by stealth fraud ne yet the forecast to send our escouts espies or so much reason mother-wit as to require their oth bond of faithfull promise Only at the day appointed he departed from Lychnidum and within twelve miles of that cittie toward which he went he encamped Then by night at the reliefe of the fourth watch he removed and set forward leaving behind him a regiment of some thousand for the guard of the camp At length to the citie they come disordered in a long traine marching nothing close but farre asunder
their king That hee reigned three and fortie yeers all accord save Eutropius Eusebius and Cassiodorus late writers who set downe but one and fortie as Onuphrius and Sigonius have observed Of this king Dionysius in the second booke Livie in his first Solinus in his second chapter Plutarch Plinie and Eutropius in his life in like sort Valerius Maximus have delivered much in record Hee died not much above the age of eightie yeeres as Plutarch writeth for born he was as he testifieth the same day whereon Romulus laid the first foundation of the citie namely the twelfth Calends of May. Now for the name of Numa some say it was the fore-name of Pompilius But out of Sextus Pompeius it appeareth that neither Tullius nor Numa were fore-names as also by this conjecture for that the sonnes of Numa are by Dionysius called by other sundry names diverse from the familie Some thought therefore that Numa Ancus Aruns Volusus Drufus Faustus Iulus Mammurius certain other surnames were at first forenames as Marlianus in his Annales hath verie well noted 32 Tullus Hostilius the third king of Rome reigned 32 yeeres NVma being deceased the Interregencie tooke place again during which time an act of Senat passed wherein by the approbation of the Commons and advise of the nobles Tullus Hostilius was created the third king of the Romans in the fourescore and one yeere after the foundation of the cittie Who having rased Alba commaunded the Albans to be translated to Rome Their Commons hee made free denizens and the principal nobles he tooke into the order of Senators After Numa he reigned 32 yeeres as all writers most constantly affirm He perished as Dionysius witnesseth by occasion that his house was on fire wherein his wife children all their houshold besides were consumed and burnt Some say that his pallace tooke fire by lightening through the ire of the gods for that hee had forlet some sacrifices and holy rites others write that it was occasioned by the trecherous practise of Ancus Martius who reigned next after him Of him Dionysius writeth in his 3 book That hee carried before him the name of Hostus it appeareth by this that both his father and grandfire bare the said name A prince hee was not onely farre unlike to Numa but also more fierce and stout than Romulus 24 Ancus Martius the fourth K. of Romanes reigned 24 yeeres KIng Tullius beeing departed this life there was an Interregent by the Nobles declared who held the assembly for Election in the 114 yeere from the foundation of the city wherein the people created Ancus Martius the fourth K. of the Romanes and the Senators approved the same He built Hostia a town 16 miles distant from the citie of Rome and fought seven battels Livius Dionysius and Solinus say that he reigned 24 yeeres but Eusebius Eutropius and Cassiodorus 23. What death hee died neither Livie in his first book nor Dionysius in his 3 do set down notwithstanding that by them his noble acts are set out at large Now Ancus as Sex Pompeius hath reported is hee called who harh an arme bowing inward so as it cannot be put straight forth 38 L. Tarquinius Priscus the fifth K. of Romans reigned 38 yeeres THis Tarquinius beeing left by Ancus when he died guardian to his children was the first that ambitiously intercepted the kingdome to himselfe hee sent the sonnes of Ancus during the time of Interregencie out of the way as it were to hunting and made an oration unto the people to win their harts affections to him so with the suffrages of the people and authoritie of the nobles he was by the Interegent declared K. in the 170 yeere after the foundation of Rome and in the 41 Olympias This noble prince as wel for warlike prowesse as peaceable pollicie and government at the length being above fourscore yeere old was forelaid by the secret traines of the two sonnes of Ancus Martius in the eight and thirtie yeere of his raigne according to Livie Dionysius whose judgement we follow or in the 37 as Solinus Messala Ruffus Eutropius Cassiodorus Eusebius and Bedas write like as wee have before shewed Priscus hee was surnamed afterwards because hee lived before Tarquinius Superbus saith Sex Pompeius unto whom accord Dionysius and Laurentius Valla who writeth that the addition of Priscus was given unto him not by men of that time wherein hee lived but by the age following But Livie sheweth plainely that he had the surname of Priscus given him even then when he came first into the citie because he was borne before Superbus Hee also was called Lucumo and was the sonne of Demaratus the Corinthian descended from the familie of the Brachiades 44 Servius Tullius the sixt K. of the Romans reigned foure and fortie yeeres AFter Priscus Tarquinius was slain presently Servius Tullius was the first that without any election of the people yet with the general consent of the Nobles tooke upon him the Romane kingdom in the yeere from the foundation of the citie 176. Concerning whose conception wee must not let passe that which Plinie writeth in the 36 booke after this manner During the reigne of Tarquinius Priscus there appeared sodainly the genital member of the masculine sex upon the herth where the fire was kept and thereupon presently a captive woman bond-servant of Tanaquil the queen named Ocrisia sitting there by the fire side conceived was with child and so was Servius Tullius borne who succeeded in the kingdome Afterwards as the boy lay asleep within the kings pallace his head was seene on a light fire and supposed he was the son of the familiar Lar of that house In which regard he instituted first the Compitalia and plaies to the Lares Concerning his birth Plutarch hath written more in his booke of the Romans fortune By the crastie and subtill devise of his wives mother Tanaquil he attained to the crowne in the fourth yeere of the fifth Olympias and reigned 44 yeeres but by the vilanous complot of Tarquinius his sonne in law and Tullia his owne daughter and Tarquins wife hee was most impiously slaine in the verie street which thereupon was called Sceleratus As touching the yeeres of this kings reigne some controversie there is among writers for Livie Dionysius and Solinus whom wee have followed write that hee reigned 44 yeeres but Messala Corvinus Sex Ruffus Eutropius Eusebius Cassiodorus and Bedas 34 and not above Howbeit in adding those ten to the reigne of Tarquine afterwards they hinder not this grosse summe and computation of the yeeres for they set them downe 35 which Livie Dionysius and Solinus make but 25. This K. tooke the name of Servius by occasion of his owne fortune for that his mother Ocrisia a captive but a most beautifull and wise woman of Corniculum bare him during her bondage but Tullius hee was called by the name of his fathers kindred as Dionysius writeth in his fourth booke reckoning up many acts by
him atchieved 25 L. Tarquinius Superbus the seventh K. of Romans ruled 25 yeeres IN the two hundred and twentieth yeare after the foundation of the citie L. Tarquinius the younger having killed Servius Tullius entered upon the Romane kingdome with force of armes not by Interregent ne yet any right of law Superbus hee was named for his cruell demeanour in that hee forbad to commit to earth the dead corps of his father in law by him murdered giving out that Romulus likewise died and lay unburied Hee was the sonne of L. Tarquinius Priscus the king as Q. Pictor Au. Gellius Licinius Macer Verrius Flaccus and Livius have written Howbeit Dionysius out of L. Piso in his Annales by most strong reasons disproveth their errour and by the certaine computation of the yeeres sheweth how it cannot possibly be so but rather that hee was the sonne of Tarquinius Priscus his sonne who died in the life of Priscus Five twentie yeeres he reigned according to Livie in his first book Dionysius in his fourth and Solinus in his Polyhistor But Cassiodorus Eusebius Eutropius and Bedas ascribe unto him five and thirtie yeeres adding unto his raigne those ten yeares which they tooke from Servius Tullius and thereby giving occasion of errour to the later writers Of him Dionysius Livie both the Plinies Gellius Macrobius and Eutropius have written much Collect then into one summe the yeares of these kings raigne and thereof will arise the number of two hundred fortie foure Of the first election of Consuls THis is the second chaunge of the common-weale by occasion that Superbus the K. as well for his insolent and proud government as for the villanie offered by Sextus the kings sonne to Lucretia was expelled and libertie recovered wherupon the soveraigne government yeer by yeere was committed to two men who first were named Pretours for that they were set over the people then Iudges because they decided their controversies and lastly Consuls in that they advised and provided for the good of the common-weale as Cicero in the third book of Lawes declareth in these words Let there be two invested in roiall government and of ruling judging and counsell giving be they called Pretours Iudges and Consuls let them have also the soveraigntie of commaund in warre Now the first Consuls or Pretors were created by Sp. Lucretius father of Lucretia and Interregent for the time in a generall assembly by the voices of the Centuries according to the commentaries of Servius Tullius the king The first Consull had all the rights prerogatives and regall ensignes of the KK this onely provided that both of them should not have the rods and axes carried before them for feare of presenting any terror to the people Both of them were chosen out of the Patritij which for this intent I advertise the Reader of that the progresse of the common-weale might be knowne seeing that in processe of time they came to be created out of the commons also Moreover as concerning the yeere moneth and day when as the first Consuls entred their government something were to be said in this place but because we have spoken before of the varietie and dissention of Authors thereabout therefore letting passe these circumstances proceed wee to the very Consuls who by the testimonie of all writers were first chosen namely 245 L. Iunius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus IT is recorded by all writers that L. Iunius Brutus L. Tarq. Collatinus were the first Coss. or Pretors of the Rom. people who in the end of the 244 yeer since the foundation of the citie and upon the first day of March after the Tarquins KK the father the son wer expelled the citie in an assembly of the Centuries were solemnly pronounced and declared Coss. But after that Brutus had compelled his colleague Tarquinius to resign up his Consulship either because hee was suspected for the affinitie and name of the Tarquins as L. Piso in Gellius the 15 book and 29 cap. Livie Plutarch Cic. 3. Offic. doe write or by occasion of a variance between Brutus and Collatinus about the execution of Collatinus his sisters sonne as Dionysius reporteth hee subelected in his place Pub. Valerius Volusius the sonne of Volusus whose helping hand hee had used especially in banishing the KK Of whose Consulship Polybius in the third booke Dionysius Livie Valerius Max. 4 booke 4 chap. Plutarch in Poplicola and Plinie 36 booke chap. 15 have made mention But Valerius after that Brutus in his magistracie was slaine by Aruns the sonne of Superbus for the king his father had levied warre against the Romans in a generall court of all the Centuries tooke unto him for his companion in government Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus the father of Lucretia and to him being the elder submitted the preheminence of soveraigntie And soone after within few daies upon his death for hee was very aged hee assumed unto him M. Horatius Pulvillus for his colleague in the Consulship The said Valerius was called Poplicola for that during his magistracie he enacted certaine lawes very popular and namely concerning the appeale from the Consuls to the people and the receiving of the state-government from the said people as Livius and Dionysius do witnes In the vulgar bookes as also in the old written copies whether by error or of purpose I wote not wee read his name evermore Publicola but still in one and the same signification Only the letters are a little altered which otherwise have much affinitie one with another as Quintilian writeth namely o with u and p with b. For in antique titles and inscriptions you shall read often Poplicus for Publicus To conclude therefore in the first yeere after the KK were exiled Coss. at Rome were these L. Iunius Brutus and Lu. Tarq. Collatinus P. Valerius Publicola Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus M. Horatius Pulvillus 246 P. Valerius II. T. Lucretius THe Consulship of these two is recorded unto us by Dionysius Livius and Cassiodorus Onuphrius Panvinius giveth unto Lucretius the surname of Tricipitinus both for that it was a peculiar addition to that house also because by an ancient Chronologer in the records of Cuspinian he is named Tricipitinus Now for Publius the Etymologie therof according to Sextus is twofold For some call him Pub. who hath ben brought up at the publicke charges others again name him so who was a ward before hee had his name given him 247 P. Lucretius P. Valerius Poplicola LIvius calleth this Lucretius by the for-name of P. but other books of Titus Dionysius writeth that P. Valerius Poplicola the third time and M. Horatius the second time were Coss. Plutarch speaketh of the third Consulship only of P. Valerius Onuphrius and Sigonius follow Dionysius As for Cassiodorus hee leaveth out altogether these Consuls 248 Sp. Lartius T. Herminius AFter Poplicola the third time and Pulvillus the second time Consuls Dionysius hath placed Sp. Lartius T. Herminius The same dooth Cassiodorus And the booke noted by Cuspinian
Sigonius and Onuphrius doe thinke that more credit is to bee given unto Diodorus than others especially seeing that in Livie there is mention made the yeere following of M. Aemylius Paulus Generall of the horsemen whome they all thinke to bee the same man that this Consull M. Livius is written Denter in the Capitoll records which surname Livie in another place addeth to the Livij Cuspinians booke in like manner setteth downe Denter and Pantius as the surnames of these Consuls The Sicilian registers Denter and Aemylius 453 Two Dictatours and no Consuls THis yeere also of two Dictatours without Consuls Onuphrius inserteth in his kalender howbeit directed thereto by the evidence of the Capitol fragments to the end that the calculation of Varro might agree in all respects which if this yeere were over-slipped should be wholly overthrowne although Diodore Livie and Cassiodore dissent there from and leave out this yeere altogether Whereof see Onuphrius more at large in his Kalender upon the yeere 453. 454 M. Valerius Q. Apuleius Pansa IMmediatly after M. Livius and M. Aemylius Livie and Cassiodorus letting passe the yeere of two Dictatours without Consuls bring in M. Valerius Q. Apuleius Pansa for Consuls The Greeke records shew Corvinus and Pansa It seemeth that Livie by Marcus Valerius meaneth Maximus for that hee saith that presently upon his Dictatourship he was made Consull Now that Mar. Valerius Max. was Dictatour the yeere before he writeth plainly 455 M. Fulvius Paetus T. Manlius Torquatus LIvie and Cassiodorus declare for Consuls this yeere M. Fulvius Paetus and T. Manlius Torquatus The Sicilian registers have Paetinus and Torquatus Livie saith that Q. Fabius refused the Consulship offered unto him without any suite of his But T. Manlius the Consull was by lot appointed to levie warre against Hetruria which tooke armes and prepared for warre against the truce accorded upon Now was he scarce well entred into the enemies confines but as hee exercised among men of armes and chanced to turne about his horse upon a full carrier hee was cast from his backe whereupon for the present hee lay for dead and within three daies after the said fall ended his life Then all the Centuries in generall by their suffrages chose M. Valerius Consul whom the Senate purposed to have made Dictatour Thus much Livie By M. Valerius hee meaneth Corvus whom Cicero writeth in his booke of old age Valerius Max. in his seventh booke and fortie eight chapter to have beene Cos. now the sixt time that between this and the first there were 46 yeres although Plutarch in the life of C. Marius saith they were but 45 Howbeith all of them call him Corvinus and not Corvus 456 L. Cornelius Scipio Cn. Fulvius CNeus Fulvius and L. Cornelius Scipio are recorded Consuls by LÃvie and Cassiodorus but Scipio and Centumalus by Cuspinians book Scipio Maximus by the Greek records 457 Q. Fabius Max. IV. P. Decius Mus III. LIvie and Cassiodorus alledged for Coss. this yeere Q. Fabius Max. the fourth time and P. Decius Mus thrice The same Consuls Cuspinians booke and the Greeke records deliver unto us The author that writeth of famous men and Frontinus in his booke of Stratagemes speake of P. Decius thrice Consull 458 L. Volumnius Appius Claudius LVcius Volumnius a commoner and Appius Claudius of noble blood were created Coss. this yeere even the same men who in their former Consulship were matched togither as Livie and Cassiodorus write but in the Sicilian registers they are found written Claudius and Violens Howbeit Cicero in his booke entituled Cato reporteth that betweene the two Consulships of App. Caecus were ten yeeres 459 Q. Fabius V. P. Decius IV. LIvie and Cassiodorus both witnesse that the Consuls next following were Q. Fabius the 5 time and P. Decius the 4 time who had been companions togither alreadie in 2 Consulates and in one Censorship The Sicilian registers have Rullus and Mus of which Consuls Cicero speaketh very often Valerius Max. likewise Paterculus also Plutarch Frontinus in his first booke of Stratagems the author of the booke of famous men Eutropius Orosius and others who all report that this Consull P. Decius following the example of his father offered himselfe to die for the Roman legions and by his death purchased a notable victorie to the people of Rome 460 L. Postumius Megellus M. Atilius Regulus THe Consuls next following were L. Postumius Megellus and M. Atilius Regulus as Livie and Cassiodorus write In the Sicilian records their surnames are Megellus and Regulus 461 L. Papirius Cursor Sp. Carvilius AFter Livie and Cassiodorus the Coss. this yeer were L. Papirius Cursor Sp. Carvilius After the Sicilian registers Cursor Maximus A stone in the Capitoll maketh mention of Papirius the son of L. nephew of P. surnamed Cursor whom Livie writeth to be the sonne of Papirius 5 times Consull Of these Coss. Plinie of Verona maketh mention in his 7 book and 60 chap. Val. Max. likewise in his 7 booke and first chap. Velleius in his second book and the same Livie in the yeere 456. 462 Q. Fabius Gurges Max. Decius Iunius Brutus son of Scavalini THe yeere following had Consuls Q. Fabius Gurges and D. Iunius Brutus Scaeva as witnesse Livie and Cassiodorus Zonaras nameth them Iunius Brutus and Q. Fabius Max. Cuspinians Kalender Maximus and Scaeva The Sicilian registers Brutus and Maximus Livie Plinie in his 7 booke the capitoll tables and Zonaras have delivered that this Fabius was the son of Q. Max. Rullianus who had been 5 times Cos. before And here an end of the Consuls for the first ten bookes 463 L. Posthunius C. Iunius SInce that after this Consulship ten bookes of Livie next ensuing be lost whome hitherto wee have had for the most sufficient witnesse of this storie so as now we are in manner destitute and deprived of the best helps of Annals namely Diodorus Dionysius and Livie from hence forward wee will use principally in digesting and reckoning the yeeres by the Consuls the authoritie and testimonie of Cassiodorus the Sicilian records and Cuspinians booke yet will wee not in the meane while reject what helpe soever shall be ministred unto us by others For this yeer therfore Cassiodorus writeth that L. Postumius and C. Iunius were created Coss. whose surnames Megellus and Brutus Bubulcus have not been left out so much as in Cuspinians kalender not in the Sicilian records Livie also maketh mention of them in his 28 booke saying thus Lu. Postumius Megellus the interregent was created Consul with C. Bubulcus by that very court and assembly which himselfe called and held 464 P. Cornelius Rusinus M' Curius Dentatus THe Coss. this yeere are recorded by Cassiodorus Pub. Cornelius Rufinus and M' Curius Denâ—atus for whom in the Sicilian registers appeare Maximus the third time and Mus the sixt time But of those forenamed Consuls Cicero maketh mention in his booke entituled Cato Paterculus in his first booke Valerius Max. in his sixt booke and 3
was surnamed Allobrogicus upon a victorie over the Allobroges Of this Lucius Opimius Consull after whose name there was a wine called Opimianum Plinie maketh mention in his foureteenth booke and fourth chap. Plutarch also in C. Gracchus and Velleius in his second booke 634 P. Manlius C. Papyrius CAssiodorus insereth for this yeeres Consuls P. Manlius and C. Papyrius The Sicilian records Manlius and Carbo This is that Caisis Papyrius Carbo who being a Tribune of the Commons when Claudius and Perpenna were Coss. was afterwards by C. Gracchus appointed for one of the Triumvirs to devide lands who first tooke part with the Commons but afterwards raunged with the nobilitie of whom Cicero in many other places and namely in his second booke of a perfect Oratour maketh mention 635 L. Cacilius L. Aurelius CAssiodorus and Obsequens put downe for Consuls Lucius Caecilius and Lu. Aurelius The Sicilian catalogue Metellus and Cotta Plutarch in Marius speaketh of Caecilius Metellus and Cotta Consuls Which Marius he writeth to have borne the Tribuneship of the Commons when these were Consuls and to have cast Metellus the Consull into prison This is that Cotta in whose consulat roume Velleius reporteth that C. Caesar Flamin of Iupiter was created 636 M. Cato Q. Martius THis yeere had for Consuls Mar. Cato and Q. Martius witnesse Cassiodorus and Obsequens Cato and Martius according to the Sicilian registers But Eutropius nameth them M. Porcius Cato and Q. Martius Valerius speaketh of them in his first booke and Plinie in his second booke and one and thirtieth chap. Gelleius also in his 13 booke and 19 chapter 637 L. Lucilius Q. Mutius COnsuls next ensuring by Cassiodorus his saying were L. Caecilius and Q. Mutius After the Sicilian registers Metellus and Scaevola if ye go by Eutropius L. Caecilius Metellus and Q. Mutius Scaevola Now is this that L. Caecilius Metellus who afterwards upon subduing the Dalmatians was surnamed Dalmaticus whom Plutarch in Coriolanus and in his booke of the Romane fortune nameth Diadematus for that a long time he bound up his forehead with a frontlet or wreath which they call a diademe to hide an ulcer that hee had there Hereupon when Pompeius bound up his leg with a white band or garter It makes no matter qd Favonius in what part of the bodie a man weareth the diademe upbraiding and reproching him for his king like power in tearming a small clout or peece of cloth by that name This is that Q. Mutius Scaevola the Augur of whom Cicero in his booke Laelius and in the first booke of an Oratour maketh mention 638 C. Licinius Geta. Q. Maximus CAssiodorus coupleth together in societie of Consullship this yeere C. Litinius and Qu. Maximus The Sicilian registers name them Geta and Eburinus Of this Q. Maximus Cicero speaketh in his Oration for Muraena That this man was of the house of the Fabij his surname Eburinus sheweth of whome writeth Festus in this manner Qu. Fabius was called Pullus Iovis surnamed Eburivus of whitenesse for that his buttocke was blasted with lightening Quintilian in his third Declamation reporteth that this Fabius Eburinus had a sonne unchast of his bodie whom he examined at home in his house and thereupon put him to death The same man Valerius calleth Qu. Fabius Servilianus As for the name of this Licinius his father obscure and unknowne heretofore Goltzius out of an old antiquitie of coin hath restored it wherin as he saith was written plainely C. Licinius Geta son of Publius 639 M. Metellus M. Scaurus THe Consuls next following by Cassiodorus his report were Mar. Metellus and M. Scaurus As for Metellus the third sonne he was of Macedonicus But as touching M. Scaurus whome the writer of the booke entituled of Famous persons calleth M. Aemylius Scauras thus writeth Paedianus M. Scaurus quoth hee was a Patritian indeed and of noble bloud but so as the gentric of his house for those discents before him lay obscure for neither father nor grandsire by reason of their poore estate and for want of putting forth themselves in the world attained to dignitie in weale publicke Moreover of him Cicero maketh mention oftentimes in his Oration for Murena and in Brutus Valerius also in his fift book and eight chapter and Plinie likewise in his second booke and sixe and thirtieth chapter 640 M' Acilius Balbus C. Cato CAssiodorus setteth down for Consuls this yeere M. Atilius Balbus and C. Cato The Sicilian catalogue Balbus and Cato Obsequens M. Acilius and C. Portius Of the same Consuls Plinie speaketh in the 2 booke chap. 29 and 58. Plutarch in Marius giveth to Acilius the forename Manius This C. Cato is the brother of that M. Cato who foure yeers before was Consull nephew to M. Cato Censorinus Africanus sisters sonne as saith Velleius Cicero against Verres and in Brutus 641 C. Caeilius Cn. Papyrius CAssiodorus and Obsequens set downe for next Consulls C. Caecilius and Cn. Papyrius The Sicilian registers Metellus and Carbo Eutropius C. Caecilius Metellus Cn. Carbo The same men Tacitus in his booke of the manners of Germanes reported to have borne the Consulship anno 640 after the foundation of Rome in which yeere both he and Obsequens doe report that the people of Rome began first to war with the Cimbrians and the Teutones This C. Metellus was the fourth sonne of C. Metellus the sonne of Macedonicus whom when he died he left a man of Pretors calling and in suit and election for to be Consull This man gat a surname by way of reproch as Cicero testifieth in his second booke of a perfect Oratour Now surnamed was hee Capriarus as Plutarch saith in the Life of the Romans 642 M. Livius Drusus L. Piso. CAssiodorus exhibiteth unto us for this yeers Consuls M. Livius Drusus and L. Piso. The Sicilian catalogue Drusus and Piso. L. Piso surnamed Caesonius a man of Consular degree was slaine after by the Tigurines when Lu. Cassius was Consull as Orosius testifieth 643 P. Scipio L. Calpurnius Bestia CAssiodorus nameth this yeere for Consuls P. Scipio and L. Calpurnius Bestia The Sicilian records Nasica and Bestia Obsequens Pub. Scipio and L. Calpurnius Salust Eutropius and Orosius P. Scipio Nasica and L. Capurnius Bestia Of these Consuls P. Nasica Scipio L. Bestia Valerius likewise maketh report lib. 1. cap. 6. Moreover Cicero in his Brutus writeth that P. Scipio the sonne of Pub. Scipio surnamed Serapion and fellow Consull to L. Bestia died in his Consulship Of this Bestia there is some mention to be seene in a capitoll fragment 644 Sp. Postumius M. Minutius CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls Sp. Postumius and M. Minutius The Sicilian registers Albinus and Rufus Salust Sp. Albinus and Q. Minutius Rufus Of M. Minustius Velleius and the threescore and seventh Epitome make mention 645 Q. Metellus M. Silanus CAssiodorus saith that the Consuls next following were Q. Metellus and M. Silanus The Sicilian catalogue sheweth Metellus and Silanus Paedianus and Eutropius Qu.
writeth that Crassus the oratour bare all dignities of magistracie togither with Scaevola the high-priest except the Tribunat of commons and the Censorship also that whiles they two were Consuls Q. Hortensius pleaded the first cause that ever he undertooke at the barre Paedianus upon the oration of Cicero for Cornelius maketh mention of L. Licinius Crassus the Orator and Q. Matius Scevola the arch-bishop an oratour besides and a professed lawier both Consuls togither 660 C. Caelius L. Domitius Cassiodorus and Obsequens declare for this yeeres Consuls C. Caelius and â— Domitius The Sicilian registers Caldus and Aenbarbuâ— In a capitoll fragment they are Caldus and Lu. Domitius sonne of Cn. As for Caldus it is the surname of Caelius For Velleius maketh mention of one Caelius Caldus under Augustus In like manner Cicero in his booke entituled The suing for a Consulship and in his oration for Muraena Also Paedianus upon the Oration for Cornelius Againe Cicero in his Brutus nameth them next before Herrennius 661 C. Valerius Flaccus M. Herennius THere are matched by Cassiodorus and Obsequens for Consuls this yeere C. Valerius Flaccus and Mar. Herennius The Sicilian records Flaccus and Herennius A broken stone of the capitoll hath Flaccus and M. Herennius Plinius in his 29 book and 3 chapter Cicero also in his Oration for Muraena and in Brutus speaketh of them 662 C. Claudius Pulcher. M. Perpenna COnsuls this yeere were C. Claudius Pulcher and M. Perpenna as witnesse Cassiodorus and Obsequens Likewise in a capitoll broken monument and in the Sicilian register it is Pulcher and M. Perpenna Cicero maketh mention of this Claudius as Pretor of Sicilie in the fourth Oration against Verres and as Aedile Curule in his second book of Offices So doth Plinie in his 8 booke 663 L. Martius Sext. Iulius CAssiodorus and Obsequens name for Consuls this yeere L. Martius and Sext. Iulius The Sicilian records Philip and Caesar. Eutropius and Orosius Sex Iulius Caesar and L. Martius Philippus A capitoll fragment Philip and Sex Iulius son of Caius Plinie speaketh of them in his 2 booke 8 chapter also in the 33 booke and 3 chapter In like maner Cic. many times and Valerius 664 L. Iulius Caesar. P. Rutilius Lupus ACcording to Cassiodorus and Obsequens the Consuls this yeere were L. Iulius Caesar and P. Rutilius Lupus And so it is in Paedianus Velleius and the 73 Epitome as also in other authors who have written of the Marsian warre In a fragment of the capitoll they are seene written Caesar and P. Rutilius son of Rusus In the Sicilian records Caesar and Lupus Cicero in his booke of Divination speaketh of them both and in his oration for Plancius he writeth that L. Caesar missing of an Aedileship became a Consull 665 L. Portius Cn. Pompeius CAssiodorus setteth downe for Consuls this yeere L. Portius and Cn. Pompeius Paedianus upon the Oration for Cornelius surnameth Cn. Pompeius Strabo and L. Porcius Cato The capitoll fragment shew no more but Strabo and Cato Appius hath made mention of these Consuls so have Orosius and others that have penned the Marsian warre This Cn. Pompeius was father to that Cn. Pompeius the Great as Appianus witnesseth and Paedian upon the oration against Piso. 666 L. Sylla Q. Pompeius CAssiodorus sheweth for this yeers Consuls L. Sylla and Q. Pompeius and the same is written in Obsequens Velleius Eutropius Orosius Appian Plutarch and others The Sicilian records have Sylla and Rutilus Sylla after his victorie in the civill war would needs have himselfe surnamed Foelix and therefore Paedian and the avouchers of the capitoll monuments in reporting this consulate write thus L. Sulla who afterwards was called Foelix The same man in his second Consulship which appeareth upon record in the capitoll is named the sonne of Lucius and nephew of Publius Moreover of Q. Pompeius Rufus Cicero maketh mention in his Brutus 667 L. Cornelius Cinna Cn. Octavius REported there are by Cassiodorus and the Sicilian registers for Consuls this yeere L. Cinna and Cn. Octavius Appian Velleius and the rest who have recorded the historie of this time name them L. Cornelius Cinna and Cn. Octavius Plutarch writeth that L. Cinna being of the adverse faction to L. Sulla was by him made Consull upon condition that he should not crosse nor stand against the proceeding of the said Lu. Sulla and so soone as hee was entred into place of government hee began to trouble and disquiet the present state of the common-weale yea and intended an action against Sulla by the meanes of Virginius a Tribune of the commons Howbeit Sulla contemning Virginius made an expedition against Mithridates 668 L. Cinna II. C. Marius VII AFter this were Consuls C. Marius the seventh time and L. Cinna the second time according to the records of Sicilie Cassiodorus and those that wrate of the civill war Plutarch saith that Marius was the first man that was seven times Consull of Rome Moreover as it is to be read in Appian and in the Breviaries L. Cinna and C. Marius without any lawfull assembly for Election declared themselves Consuls against this yeere and the very same day that they entred into their magistracie Marius commaunded Sext. Licinius a Senatour to be throwne downe from the rocke Tarpeia who after hee had committed many hainous crimes and outrages ended his daies upon the Ides of Ianuarie in whose roume was subordained Lu. Valerius Flaccus even hee as men think who before-time was colleague to Caius Marius in his sixt Consulship of whome Cicero maketh mention in his oration for his sonne Flaccus 669 L. Cinna III. Cn. Papirius CAssiodorus witnesseth that the Consuls succeeding in this yeere were L. Cinna the third time and Cn. Papirius The Sicilian records have Cinna and Carbo In the 83 Breviarie it is written that Lu. Cinna and Cn. Papirius Carbo for two yeeres togither usurped the Consulate Also in the booke entituled Of famous persons wee read that Cinna made himselfe Consull a second and third time Of these Consuls Plutarch speaketh in Sulla Appian in Mithridatica and in the first booke of civill warres 670 L. Cinna IV. Cn. Papirius II. NExt were Consuls after Cassiodorus and the Epitomist Lu. Cinna the fourth time and Cn. Papirius the second time Cicero in his Tusculane questions mentioneth Cinna foure times Consull so doth Suetonius in Caesar. And of Cn. Papirius Carbo twice Consull the capitoll tables doe yeeld testimonie As for the Sicilian records they put downe for Consull not without suspition of error Carbo and Scribonius 671 L. Scipio C. Norbanus BEsides the Sicilian tables Cassiodorus Obsequens Appius Eutropius Florus and Tacitus in his ninteenth book do witnesse that Lucius Scipio and Caius Norbanus were Consuls In the capitoll fragments it is written Lucius Cornelius sonne of Lucius nephew of L. Scipio Asiaticus 672 C. Marius Cn. Carbo III. I Find in Cassiodorus Appianus Velleius and others the next Consuls to have been C. Marius and Cn. Carbo the third time This C. Marius was
of Cato the yonger Cicero also in his oration against Piso and for Sextius This Piso the Consull Cicero and Paedian surnamed Caesonius for so his grandfather before him was called as appeareth in the capitoll records for the yeere 606. 697 P. Lentulus Q. Metellus THe Consuls following for this yeere were by Cassiodorus and the Sicilian records P. Lentulus and Q. Metellus By Dio Pub. Cornelius sonne of Publius Lentulus Spiniher and Q. Caecilius sonne of Quintus Metelius Nepos Of them speaketh Valerius in his ninth booke Lentulus qd he and Metellus companions in the Consulship were beheld seen both upon the stage like plaiers but the one of them tooke the surname of Spinther one of the second sort of actors the other but that he had gotten the name of Nepos alreadie for his lewd behaviour should have beene called Pamphilus after the name of one of a third sort whome for all the world hee resembled Of the same men Cicero in his first booke of Epistles and in very many of his orations Plinie also in his seventh booke and second chapter Plutarch in the life of Cicero and all other writers make much mention 698 Cn. Lentulus L. Philippus CAssiodorus putteth downe for Consuls Cn. Lentulus and L. Philippus The Sicilian records Marcellus and Philippus Dio Cn. Cornelius son of Publius Lentulus Marcellus and L. Martius sonne of Lucius Philippus Of Lentulus and M. Marcellus Consuls Cicero speaketh in his Epistles to Lentulus Plutarch also in the life of Cato maketh mention of Martius Philippus now Consull This Cn. Lentulus was the son of that P. Lentulus as Cicero saith in his Brutus And surnamed hee was Marcellus and not Claudius that it might be knowne of what familie of the Claudij he was descended 696 Cn. Pompeius M. Crassus VVHen as by the obstinate persistance of â— Cato Tribune of the commons who ever interposed his negative there could be no ordinarie assembly holden for the creation of magistrates the whole degree of the Senatours changed their weed in token of griefe so as upon an Interregencie between Cn. Pompeius was chosen Consull with him M. Crassus the second time as Plutarch Dio Appian do witnes Lucius Domitius Aenobarbus whom Cato and all good men accompanied presented was in the common place by violence throughly beaten and Cato himselfe wounded These Coss. Dio calleth Cn. Pompeius son of Cneus Magnus the second time M. Licinius sonne of Pâ—blius Crassus the second time Of them Paedianus Eutropius the Sicilian registers and others make mention 700 Ap. Claudius L. Domitius DIo in his nine and thirtieth booke for the yeere after the citties foundation 700 following the computation of Varro avoucheth Consuls Appius Claudius son of Appius Pulcher and L. Domitius sonne of Cneus Aenobarbus Cassiodore and Obsequens name them Appius Claudius and L. Domitius whom the Sicilian records call Pulcher and Aenobarbus and Paedian upon the oration for Scaurus L. Domitius Aenobarbus and Appius Claudius Pulcher Of this L. Domitius sonne of Cneus Aenobarbus Caelius speaketh in the eight booke of Ciceroes Epistles 701 Cn. Domitius M. Messala AGainst this yeere there stood in election and labored with much earnestnes ambitious desire to be Consuls Caius Memmius Cn. Domitius M. Messala and M. Scaurus as Cicero writeth to his brother Quintus But at the last even in the seventh moneth of this yeere there were created by meanes of an Interregencie M. Messala and Cn. Domitius Neither had they bene chosen then but that Q. Pompeius Rufus a Tribune of the commons who still opposed himselfe to hinder and debarre all election was by order from the Senate committed and the Senate made countenaunce to do the like by the rest as many as went about to crosse the said election Thus much Dio. But Appian saith that the common weale continued for eight months space in Anarchie without any soveraigne magistrates of state Plutarch writeth that in this so great extreamitie of daunger Lucilius a Tribune of the commons preferred a bill for the creating of Cneus Pompeius Dictatour who should redresse all enormities and set upright the state againe but Cato gainsaied it and so nothing was effected Dio saith moreover that the Tribunes of the commones mooved for the chusing not of a Dictatour onely but also of militarie Tribunes in Consuls authoritie but through the earnest labour of Pompeius Consuls were created Messala and Calvinus which surnames stand to bee seene upon the Sicilian records Also in the capitoll monuments written it is thus Cn. Domitius Calvinus sonne of M. nephew of Marcus ann 708 and 717. 702 Cn. Pompeius Q. Metellus VVHen by reason of the contentions among so mighty competitours the Consuls could not be created by the kalends of Ianuarie there passed an Act of the Senate according to the mind and advise of Bibulus by vertue whereof Cn. Pompeius was by the Interregent Serv. Sulpitius created Consull the third time upon the five and twentieth of Februarie without a colleague first and presently entred upon the government But afterwards to avoid the envie that might arise thereupon he tooke unto him as companion in the Consulship for the five last months of the yeer behind Q. Caecilius Pius Metellus Scipio his wives father Thus writeth Paedian upon the oration of Cicero in defence of Milo Plutarch likewise Appianus Dio. This Metellus Pius Scipio was also called P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica sonne of Nasica Scipio who beeing adopted by Q. Metellus Pius is called by Caelius in the familiar Epistles of Cicero Q. Caecilius sonne of Q. nephew of Q. Metellus Pius Scipio 703 M. Marcellus Ser. Sulpitius AGainst this yeere were Consuls created M. Marcellus Serv. Sulpitius as Cassiodorus Plutarch and Appian witnesse The Sicilian records call them Rufus and Marcellus Dio nameth them Servius Sulpitius sonne of Q. surnamed Rufus and M. Claudius sonne of M. surnamed also Marcellus Of these Consuls Suetonius also maketh mention in Caesar likewise Cicero in his Epistles the Epitome 118. This Marcellus was the cousin germane of that Marcellus who the yeere next following was Consull and brother germane to him who two yeeres after bare the Consulship as may bee collected out of Verrius Flaccus Dio and Suetonius 704 L. Paulus C. Marcellus THere succeeded Consuls L. Paulus and C. Marcellus witnesse Cassiodore Dio Suetonius Hirtius in his 8 book togither with the Sicilian records The one of these is by Dio named L. Aemylius sonne of Marcus surnamed Paulus the other by Cicero in his epistles C. Claudius sonne of Caius Marcellus Dio writeth that this man by some was reported to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the brothers sonne others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the brother of Mar. Marcellus but Suetonius saith plainely hee was the brothers sonne 705 L. Lentulus C. Marcellus CAssiodorus setteth down for Consuls this yeere L. Lentulus and C. Marcellus as also Appian Plutarch Hirtius Florus Cicero in his epistles do testifie