Land was Brutain call'd from Brute's own name One Woman caus'd the Trojan Warr whose name Was Helen Dardan Prince of noble fame Was Ancestor to Brute first British King From whom the Stemmes of British Princes spring No small question is raised about his Father Sylvius whom Monumethensis will have to be the Son of Ascanius supposing probably that after the difference between Julus and his Uncle the Son of Lavinia was reconciled whereby Sylvius Postbumus was adjudged to succeed his deceased Brother and the Pontificate being the next degree of Honour to the Kingly Dignity was assigned to Julus He in respect to the King and to ingratiate himself with the Albans among whom the name of Sylvius was in great request as Virgil in his Sixth Book of his Aeneads denotes Sylvius Albanum nomen the fair Daughter of Tyrrhus the chief Herd-master to King Latinus being also named Sylvia might assume that name for his praenomen and for a straiter linking of their Friendship married the Neece as Geffrey saith of Queen Lavinia Some conceive Sylvius the Father of Brutus to be the same with Posthumus and Son to Aeneas really but to Ascanius adoptively which opinion cannot be admitted because he after about Nine and twenty years Reign dyed a natural death which our British Historians deny of the other making him to be slain by his mistaking Son so that their relation would better agree with Sylvius Aeneas the Son of Posthumus of whose immature death there is some shew of a conjecture out of * Aen. 6. Virgil who makes a doubt whether he ever attained to be King Sylvius Aeneas paritèr pietate vel armis Egregius sin unquam regnandam acceperit Albam Aeneas Sylvius renown'd for Arms and Piety If e're of Alba he attain the Royal Monarchy And * Met. 15. Ovid favours this leaving him out of his Catalogue of Alban Kings and making Latinus the immediate Successour to Posthumus Successit Sylvius illi Quo satus antiquo tenuit repetita Latinus Nomina cum Sceptro Sylvius succeeds whose Son upholds with fame The old Latinus 's Scepter and his name And if Sylvius Posthumus were also named Ascanius as well as his Elder Brother which Livy seems to hint in the beginning of his * Pec. 1. History then may Brutus be this way too the Grandson of Ascanius and being banished for his Parricide leave his Brother Latinus to succeed his Grandfather in the Kingdome Though I am not ignorant that others understand Virgil speaking in that place of Sylvius Aeneas not to mean that he dyed before his Father but that it was very long before regained his right which his usurping Guardian had withheld from him And in leed as Livy saith who can positively determine about things so ancient As concerning the Original of this People Learned Cambden proves them to be descended from the Gauls by solid Arguments drawn from their agreement in Religion Customes and Language their vicinity their very name For they did most generally as still they do call themselves Kumero Cymro and Kumeri and a British Woman Kumeraes and their Tongue it self Kumeraeg And hence we have the names of Cambri and Cambria Cumbri and Cumbria which proves them a stock of the famous Cimbrians who were the same with the Gauls being one Nation called by two names So * Dâ— Pâ—â—coâ—sul Cicero speaking of Marius saith that he repressed the Armies of the Gaules etring in great numbers into Italy when yet Historiographers witness that they were Cimbrians and Lucan calls the Fellow that was hired to kill Marius a Cimbrian whom Livy and others affirm to have been a Gaule And out of Plutarch's Errours Reinerius Reineccius averreth That the Gauls and Cimbrians used the same Language And hereunto Appian in his Illyricks gives his suffrage The Celts or Gauls saith he whom they call Cimbrians And as all other Nations fetch their first Original from Asia so do these from the Asiatick Cimmerians the posterity of Gomer the Son of Japhet from whom also as Josephus and Zonaras report the ancient Gaules were called Gemari Gomeraei and Gomeritae from whence the name of Kumeri is easily deduced Mr. Humfrey Lhuyd in his short Description of Britain conceives these Kumeri or Kymri to be those very Cimbrians who so terribly endangered the state-of Rome and finding in the Book of Triads that one Irpus of Scandia by subtlety under pretence of Kindred and Honour to be atchieved induced a great number of Britans to assist him in his Enterprise who never returned home again he concludes it probable that the British Kymri passed over into the Danish Chersonesse whereby it came to be termed Cimbrica and after some Exploits there joyning with the neighbouring Teutons and afterward with the Ambrens a people of Gaule made sharp Warre upon the Romans vanquished Papyrius Scaurus Manlius Silanus and Caepio and were at length with much difficulty overcome by Marius and Catulus After which the remainders of the Cimbrians and Teutons seem to have retired to the Chersonesse These Ambrons who aided the Cimbrians in this Warre were a people so mischievously addicted to Spoyl and Rapine that in Tract of time the word Ambro came to be commonly used to signifie a Devourer as Isidore long ago hath told us whence John Caius his mistake in thinking that Gildas joyns these Ambrons with the Picts and Scots when he speaks of their second vastation of his Countrey saying that they came aesi Ambrones Lupi like Ambrones Wolves is very obvious it being clear that by Ambrones Lupi he meant devouring Wolves in which sense Geffrey of Monmouth termeth the Saxons also Ambrones Mr. Lhuyd to strengthen his opinion produces Plutarch's testimony in his life of Marius that it was not known whence the Cimbrians came onely that it was from a far Countrey and that like clouds they issued into France and Italy with the Teutons tacitely inferring a likelyhood that they might come from this Island And to this he adds divers other Arguments drawn from the agreement of that people with the Britans in Language and names of their Kings and their Customes as their neglecting of Gold and Silver their Reverence towards Women and Priests their sacrificing men to Mercury their Shields Armour and Swords and the very shape of their Bodies Nor was this the first time that the Britans made Warr upon the Romans if we may believe the relation of the British History and the constant Tradition of that people concerning Brennus Sir John Price in his Defence of the British History is offended with Polydore Virgill for saying that the Insular Britans had both their Name and Original from the Britans of Armorica and will not allow that any Britans were before the time of Constantine the Great Yet Pomponius Laetus saith That they were descended from the Armorican Cities And Pliny among the Maritime people over against Britain near the County of Bullen reckoneth the Britans from whom a Haven of the
Son to Olbius Namnes Son to Galates and Rhemus Son to Namnes During the Reigns of these Samothean Kings hapned nothing remarkable only that in the time of King Lucus Osiris the great King of Egypt was slain by his Brother Typhon with the help of Laestrigon Antaeus Gerion Albion and Bergion the Grandsons of the murdered Heroe by his Son Neptune after which Albion and Bergion with a multitude of Africans coming into Spain where Gerion reigned from thence invaded and conquered Britain and Ireland where they ruled for some years But in the time of Celtes Hereules pursuing the revenge of his Father's death kills Typhon and Antaeus settles his Brother Orus and his mother Isis in the Kingdom of Egypt destroyes Gerion in Spain and marches into Gaule with intention to pass into Italy Celtes joyfully entertains him in requital whereof he built the City of Alexia Albion and Bergion suspecting he would at length call them to an account resolved to be before hand with him and came against him with a puissant Army who having married Galatea and increased his Army with Gaulish Supplies encountred them in a place named The Stony Strond or Stony Field now called by the French Le Craux where after a long and terrible fight the two Brothers were deseated and slain From thence Hercules departed into Italy where he slew Laestrygon The Samotheans in Britain emboldned by the success of this Battel took up Arms against the residue of the Africans that were lest behind commencing a long war which continued till the coming of Brutus In this interval the fifty Daughters of Dioclesian King of Syria having all murdered their Husbands in one night were for their punishment embarqued in a Ship well victualled but without Pilot Mast or Sail and so committed to the mercy of the Seas At last they were cast upon the Western Coast of this Island then inhabited by the African Progeny to whom women were very welcome in regard the Samotheans disdained to give their Daughters to them The Eldest of these named Albina was married to the Prince of these Barbarians and renewed to this Isle the name of Albion which had been before imposed by Neptune's forementioned Son of that name but now was worn out This Fable I conceive to be founded upon the Grecian Story of Danaus his Daughters King Remus having no other children but one Daughter gave her in marriage to Franicus Francus or Francion Son to Hector King of the Germans whose Father Brennus was lineally descended from the ancient Tuisco He succeeded his Father and Father-in-Law and kept his residence in a City of Pannonia which himself had built and called Sicambria after the name of his Son Sicamber who reigned after him and married a Lady named Galatea having first slain his Rival Acis a Sicilian Prince The Greeks for his valour called him Polyphemus which signifies famous and the Poets fable him to be a Cyclopian Giant and Son of Neptune whom they generally make the Father of Gigantick Issues This Polyphemus Sicamder is by the Germans named Woltheim Sichinger At his death he divided his Kingdom between his three Sons to Celtes he left Germany who extended the name of Celts to all the people of that Land Gaule and so much of Britain as was held by the Samotheans fell to Galates and Pannonia to Illyrius who by Conquest added to it the Countrey which of him took the name of Illyris Francus had parcelled Gaule into twelve Provinces and appointed over each of them a Vice-roy with orders to be aiding to his Samothean Subjects as occasion should require but Ambition prompted them to other Designs whereunto they were animated by their Princes over-large Bounty who it seems had made their Prefectures Hereditary so that after the death of Galates whose Reign was spent in Wars abroad they assumed to themselves the Royal Title and Power In the Reign of Wolfheim Sichinger the famous City of Troy was taken by the Greeks whereupon Aeneas and Antenor were forced to seek new seats of whom the latter found means to settle himself about Padua the other in Latium whose Son and Successour Ascanius built Alba Longa. But far worse fortune had many of their Countreymen who with their Families were carried away Captive into Greece by Pyrrhus and by him kept in slavery From him descended one Pandrasus as Geffrey calls him though the Greeks had another name for him who shewed himself very cruel to the issue of these Trojans In his time a certain Nobleman dying left two Sons the one by a Greek wife the other named Assaracus by a Trojan who falling out about the sharing of their Father's Territory caused the King to interest himself in the quarrel who hating the Trojan Nation and consequently Assaracus for his relation to them took his Brothers part against him and would by force have disseised him of his Inheritance if he had not been opportunely succour'd by Brutus of whom we come now to speak Ascanius King of Alba dying there arose a controversie about the succession between his Son Julus and his Half-Brother Sylivins Posthumus the Son of Aeneas by Lavinia the first being favoured by the Trojans the other by the Latines who being more numerous advanced Posthumus to the Crown assigning the Pontificate to Julus who upon the reconciliation assumed his Uncles name for his Praenomen and was called Sylvius Julus It was made a piea against him that he was not of years sufficient to manage the weighty affairs of a Kingdom by which it appears that he married very young having had two Sons before his Fathers death from the Elder of whom the Julian Family descended The Younger named Brutus proved fatal to both his Parents for his Mother died in Child-bed and at fifteen years of age he by mischance killed his Father at a hunting for which he was banished by Posthumus and went into Greece where upon sundry occasions he gave such proofs of his valour as encouraged the poor oppressed Trojans to repair to him and request him to undertake the freeing of them from the Grecian Bondage Brutus becomes their Prince and entring league with Assaracus wins two victories of Pandrasus In the first Antigonus the King's Brother and his friend Anacletus were taken Prisoners in the other the King himself Hereupon by the means of a Trojan named Mempricius ensued a peace whereby Assaracus was secured in his Right and Brutus obtained in marriage the King 's eldest Daughter Innogen with a Fleet of three hundred twenty four Ships well provided with all necessaries to transport the Trojans and their Families to another Country The first place he arrived at was an Island where Diana had a Temple whose Oracle he with his Soothsayer Gerion consults about the success of his Voyage and receives a propitious Answer From hence departing he sailed along the coast of Africk conquering by the way the Pirates of those Seas and for a fresh supply of provision was forced to land in Mauritania
escaped from the City and the Battel sled to the City of Veij and afterwards under the conduct of Camillus who before was banished to Ardea but now made Dictator relieved those Senators which still held out the Capitol who compelled by famine had newly bought their lives and were paying the Gold Brennus had received the greatest part when Camillus came upon him and worsting him in a tumultuary skirmish forced him to quit Rome and following the Enemy fought a pitcht battel with him eight miles off in the Gabine Way where after a sharp dispute the Romans prevailed and the valiant Brennus with all his Gauls and Britans lost their lives upon the spot not one escaping as Livy writes Dec. 1. lib. 5. to carry the news Here was most of the Gold regained the rest being a long time after recovered by Livius Drusus Propraetor of Gallia Cisalpina Suâ—t in Tib. which at the first appearance of the Dictator had been sent away for Tuscany where the Gauls had then divers Colonics with some Troops to guard it who hearing the loss of their Companions entred into the Service of the Tyrant Dionysius Belinus had better fortune and subdued Pannonia where he settled the Gauls and most of his Britans married his Daughter Cambra a warlike Lady to Antenor King of the Sicambrians and returning home with Honour died in peace Next to him reigned his Son Gorguntius who slew the Danish King and conquered his countrey because he refused to pay the promised Tribute Then Guiteline Son to Gorguntius and Husband to the Learned Queen Martia Sisillius Son to Guiteline Chiomarus Son to Sisillius Danius Brother to Chiomarus and Morindus Son to Danius by his Concubine Tangustella by whom the King of the Morini invading this Land was overthrown and slain This victory he used cruelly putting all to the Sword that were taken Morindus is said to have aided the King of Orkney against Basanus King of the Sicambrians but lastly adventuring to fight singly with a Sea-monster he was devoured by it the Monster dying presently after of the wounds he had given it After his death the Kingdom was divided between his five Sons Gorbonian Archigallo Elidurus Eugenius and Peridurus Of these Gorbonian a just Prince dyed peaceably and was succeeded by his Son Regin Archigallo for Tyranny was expelled by his Nobles who gave his Kingdom to his Brother Elidurus through whose intercession he was restored and reigned afterwards very nobly parting his Principality at his death between his two Sons Morgan and Eneon But Elidurus found not the same kindness from his other two Brothers who took him prisoner and shared his Province between them till Eugenius dying first and then Peridurus he again recovered his Kingdom and left it to his Son Gerontius Edwal the Son of Eugenius or Owen and Runo the Son of Peridurus succeeded their Fathers like wise in their Provinces Thus was Britain cantoned into sundry parcels besides that the Descendents of those Princes who acknowledged the Soveraignty of Dunvallo and his Successors hitherto now renounced all manner of Subordination Which caused Tacitus to write of the Britans thus In vita Agric Heretofore they were governed by Kings now they are drawn by petty Princes into Partialities and Factions After Gerontius reigned his Son Cadellus for the British History takes no notice of the Posterity of the other Princes Then followed Coelus the Son of Cadellus Porrex the Son of Coelus Cherinus the Son of Porrex whose three Sons shared their Father's Inheritance between them Their names were Fulgentius Eldadus and Androgeus To this last succeeded his Son Vrianus after whom reigned these Kings in a direct line from Father to Son Flind Clidacus Clotenus Gorguntius Merianus Bladud Capys Owen and Sisillius who made another partition between his two Sons Blegâ—red and Archivallo Eldon the Son of Archivallo ruled after his Father and then followed in a lineal Succession Redion Rodericus Sawyl sirnamed Penissel Pyrrhus Caporius Gilquellus sirnamed Minocanus and Belinus he by his valour much enlarged his Hereditary Dominions for which he was entitled The Great For this is that B. M. Beli Maur so famous among the Cambrian Genealogists He had three Sons whom in his old age for he lived till the first coming of Caesar he assumed as Partners in his Kingdom assigning each of them a Province with Regal Authority and Title Immanuentius had the Trinobantes and was Sirnamed Lhud that is to fay Russet or Tawny it being usual with the Britans both ancient and modern to impose Names and Sirnames from colours Caswallan had the Cattieuchlani and is by Dion Cassius called Suellan corruptly for Cassuellan And indeed it is very likely that the same causes which lost us so many Books of that excellent Author might make some corruptions in them that were left unless we shall think Suellan or Swallan was his true name Cas being a Praeaddition taken from the Cassii the chief Sept of the Cattieuchlani as Cattimarus Teutobochus and Decebalus had the beginnings of their Names from the Catti Teutâ—nes and Daci though afterwards the name of Swallan grew out of use and Caswallan was used in its stead in honour of this Prince Nennius I conceive had Kent and might be the Father of Cyngetorix Carvilius Taximagulus and Segonax These three Princes acknowledged a subordination to their Father Belinus whom Geffrey of Monmouth will have to be dead some years before the Romans arrived here vainly esteeming it a disparagement to Lhud to reign under his Father and aiming to give Caswallan the entire honour of managing all the war from the first beginning and therefore makes that Belinus which then lived to be Caswallan's General and Counsellor not his Father contrary to Nonnius who expresly termes him King of the Britans And Henry of Huntington will needs have him to be his Brother and Cambden takes him for Caswallan himself contrary to the Cambrian Genealogists who all consent that he was his Father Thus far have we waded through the Maeandrian Intrigues of Antiquity from Samothes obtruding nothing upon the Reader 's belief of this that we have taken either from Annius of Viterbo or Geffrey of Monmouth though both those Authors have been followed and owned by some Learned men Neither is there any thing herein more incongruous or incredible than what the Greek and Roman Writers have delivered concerning the Originals of their Nations which things are yet allowed a place in many Authentick Historians and Chronologers What follows comes from the hands of more approved Authors In the year of the World's Creation Three Thousand Eight Hundred Ninety five according to the common Computation Pompey and Crassus being Consuls the second time Calus Julius Caesar having now by Conquests over-run Gaul out of an innate desire of Glory allured also as Suetonius saith with hope of Pearls which as he was informed were ingendred and gathered in the Creeks of the British Sea and being incensed against the Britans for sending
former Engagement Yet he still retaining his affection to the Captive Lady who was very beautiful kept her and her two Companions in a Cave till the death of Chorinaeus and then repudiating Guendolena married Estrildis But this injury was not long unpunished for the rejected Queen returning into Danmonia levied an Army wherewith she gave Battel to her wanton Husband in Worcestershire by the River Stour and victoriously slew him Estrildis here taken was thrown into the River Severne and drowned with her Daughter Habren which she had by Locrinus Madan the Son of Locrinus and Guendolena being under age his Mother governed for him as Guardian fifteen years and then retiring to a private life dyed within a short space whereupon the King gave Danmonia to his Uncle Camber After Madan reigned his Son Mempricius who murdered his Brother Manlius then Eboracus or Ebrauc the Son of Mempricius Brute Sirnamed Green-shield the Son of Ebrauc Leil the Son of Brute Rudibras the Son of Leil Bladud the Son of Rudibras and Leir the Son of Bladud This Leir had only three Daughters Gonerilla married to Maglanus Prince of Albania descended from Albanactus Ragana married to Henninus Prince of Danmonia descended from Camber and Cordella married to Aganippus a Gaulish Prince descended from one of those twelve with whom Brutus fought which twelve after the death of Galates the Son of Wolfheim Sichinger had made themselves absolute in their several Provinces each of them assuming the Name and Title of King as likewise did the German Princes after the death of Celtes Aganippus restored King Leir who had been expelled by his other Sons in Law and he in requital at his death left his Kingdom to Cordella which she ruled worthily while her Husband lived but after being taken and imprisoned by her Nephews she killed her self The Kingdom must now be divided into two parts whereof the Southern is allotted to Cuneda the Son of Henninus and all North of Humber to Morgan the Son of Maglanus which Agreement held not long for Morgan not satisfied with his moiety falls out with his Cousin who overcomes and kills him thereby getting the whole which he leaves to his Son Râ—â—aâ—â— To him succeeded his two Sons one after the other first Gorgustus then Sisillius and after him Jago Son or Grandson to Gorgustus Chinimarchus the Son of Sisillius and Gorbodugus the Son of Chinimarchus whose two Sons contended for the Kingdom but Ferrea finding himself the weaker fled into Gaule whence returning with such forces as he had procured of Suardus one of the Kings there he was slain in battel by his Brother Porrex who yet enjoyed not the fruits of his victory being in revenge hereof cruelly murdered as he slept in his Tent by Queen Videnia the Mother of them both assisted in that bloudy design by her Maids This plunged Britain into Civil Wars and turned the Monarchy into a Pentarchy under the Governments of Pinnar King of Loegria Rudaue King of Cambria Stater King of Albania Jevan King of Northumbria and Cloten King of Cornwall whose Father Chinimarchus was son to Prydain and Grandson to Aedhmaur the son of King Gorgustus Dunvallo Molmutius the son of Cloten reduced the Land to a Monarchical State again subduing all his Competitors but Jevan or Owen as some call him who terrified by the death of the rest submitted himself yet the generous Conquerour suffered their Sons to hold under him part of what their Fathers had enjoyed He is said to be the first that wore a Crown of Gold here His sons Belinus and Brennus parted the Island between them after their Fathers death the Southern moiety with the Soveraignty being assigned to Belinus as the Elder and the Northern to Brennus whom Cenulphus King of the Morini invaded to his own hurt being vanquished and chased home with shame Brennus herewith puffed up would no longer stand to the first Agreement but by the advice of some flattering Incendiaries sailed to the King of Norway and obtaining his Daughter in Marriage with a strong Army to make war upon his Brother who being informed of his design had seized his Principality into his own hands The King of Denmark a former lover of the Norwegian Princess armes all his power and meets this bold Britan upon the Sea where in the heat of the fight a sudden Tempest severs and scatters the Fleets The Danish King having luckily seized the Ship wherein was his beloved Lady was with two others making four Ships in all cast upon the British Shore and there taken and delivered to Belinus while his Fleet made shift to get home and Brennus with his Navy was driven upon the Gallick Coasts nor was it long ere he crossed over to Northumbria and fought with his Brother in the Forrest of Galtres but losing the day and all his Ships but one fled to Seginus King of the Senones and Allobroges Belinus now treats with his Danish Prisoner who swearing to become his Liegeman and pay a yearly Tribute and leaving Hostages for performance is dismissed with his Lady Brennus in this time had so far gained the love of Seginus that he bestowed upon him his only Daughter and dying shortly after left all to him so that he thought himself able to deal with his Brother and getting leave of his Neighbour-Princes to conduct his Soldiers through their Countreys transported them into Britain where the two Brothers being ready to encounter one another were reconciled by their mother Convenna They therefore fall to consulting how they should dispose of those multitudes of Warriours that were raised and brought together on both sides and resolve to purchase Renown by conquering forreign Nations Passing into Gaul they easily induced these people to joyn with them in their Enterprises being thereto encouraged by the former prosperous successes of Sigovesus in Germany and Pannonia and of Belâ—â—vesus and Elitovius in Italy Having now greatly increased their numbers and strength it was judged sit to divide their Forces and part asunder Brennus enters Italy having Aruns an inhabitant of Clusium for his Guide over the Alps and at his instigation besiegeth that City Aruns did this because he could not otherwise be revenged upon Lucumo a potent Citizen who had abused his Wife The Clusines crave help of the Romans who send three Sons of Marcus Fabius Ambustus to Brennus to try if fair words might avail any thing in the behalf of their Friends But these hot-spirited Youths taking offence at the Answer they received forgot the duties of Mediators and Ambassadors and encouraging the besieged to make a Sally put themselves in the head of their Troops in which Action Quintus one of the Brothers slew a great Commander of the Gauls This was a violation of the Law of Nations for which Brennus having in vain demanded their persons of the Senate marches towards Rome and takes the City having first defeated their Army near the place where the River Allia runs into Tibur They that
Me queque viâ—inis pereuntem gentibus inquit Munivit Stilico totam quum Scotus Iernen Movit infesto spumavit remige Tethys Illius effectum curis ne bella timerem Scotica nec Pictum tremerem nè littore toto Prospicerem dubtis venientem Saxona ventis And me did Stilico protect when I Was like to perish by the cruelty Of Irish Scots and when the Sea abounded With Rovers Ships which all my Coasts surrounded His cares have brought to pass that Scotch invasions I dread not now nor Pictish Depredations Nor ken from far the Saxons come to spoil On every turn of wind my plenteous Soil And in another place Lib. 2. in Butrop Exnuch Domito quod Saxone Tethys Mitier aut fracio secura Britannia Picto Britain secur'd and Seas much calmer grown Since Picts and Saxons have been overthrown And in his Epithalamium to Palladius and Celerina speaking of the Roman Forces among the rest he mentions Quae Saxona froenat Vel Scotum Legion The Legion which both Scot and Saxon awes Where we see the Poet attributes to Stilico the performances of his Licutenant as formerly Fronto ascribed to the Emperour Antoninus the Exploits of his Propraetor here But about the year four hundred and two Alarick the Goth made his first irruption into Italy and besieged the Emperour Honorius in Asta of Piedmont to whose relief the Roman Armies hasted from all parts and among others Victorinus with his Legion with whose help Stilico forced Alarick to raise his Siege and overcoming him in two other Battels at Pollentia and Verrona Sigon de Occid Imp. lib. 10. chased him out of the Countrey though in the former he lost a great part of his Horse together with their Commander whose name was Saul By the departure of Victorinus the Britans were again exposed to the fury of the Scots and Picts who in the year four hundred and five sorely infested them as the Annals of Connaught report And the year following the Vandals Alans Quades Marcomanns Herules Turcilirgs Suevians Saxons Almans and Burgundians breaking into Gaul struck such a terrour into those Roman Forces which remained here in Britain that fearing lest the flame of their neighbours fire might flash out and catch hold of them and despairing of Protection from Honorius they in the year four hundred and seven with the consent of the Britans set up their Commander Marcus for Emperour but soon after upon some dislike slew him and in his room set up Gratianus Municeps a British Roman who as Geoffrey of Monmouth saith overthrew the Scots and Picts in the time of Maximus and probably some such success might create in him that insolent humour which rendred him hateful to his Soldiers who therefore deprived him of his Empire and life when he had reigned four months They then conferr the Sovereignty upon one Constantine whose Name they deemed auspicious and an Osse of good luck whom though some Writers speak contemptibly of yet Procopius terms him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lib. 1. de bello Vand. A man not obscure or ignoble Geoffrey makes him the Brother of Aldroenus the British King of Armorica and saith that he likewise defeated the Scots and Picts and married a Roman Lady of Noble Bloud His reign he places much later than in truth it was as he likewise doth the Reigns of his Sons Aurelian Ambrose and the famous Arthus assigning contrary to all Chronology ten years to his Government between the refusal of Aetius to help the Britans and the entrance of the English Saxons and makes his Son Constans to reign not with him but after his death telling strange stories of the murders of both these Princes by Picts And Hector Boëtius makes two Constantines of this one and hath a long Narration of the Battel between the later and the Scotish King Dongard who yet was not born when Cinstantine died nor had his Father Fergusius then any thing to do in Britain as I shall shew hereafter But leaving these Triflers to their Fables and falshood I shall proceed to what I find in approved Historians Constantine being thus made Emperour makes Justinian and Neviogastes Commanders of the Celtick Bands Zosim lib. 6. Sigon de Occid Imper lib. 10. and gathering all the Roman Soldiers here that were fit for service and all the strength of Britan that Maximus had left transported them into Gaul landing at Boloign where he stayed some few dayes and in that short space was so fortunate as to draw all the Roman Forces as far as to the Alps to take part with him Limenius Prefect of the Praetorium and Cariobaudes a great Commander finding themselves unable to resist him fled into Italy from whence Sarus is sent with an Army against him by whom Justinian is vanquished and slain with the loss of the greatest part of his Army and Neviogastes treating of Articles of Agreement with him was by him put to death contrary to his Oath After this he layes Siege to Valentia whither Constantine was retreated as to a place of strength expecting there the coming of his two Generals Edobichus a Frank and Gerontius a Britan. Upon whose approach Sarus raises his Siege seven dayes after his first sitting down before the Town yet had much ado to escape out of the hands of those valiant and experienced Captains being fain to part with all the Spoil he had gotten in this War to the Bacaudae or armed Rusticks who met him at the Alps to procure of them free passage into Italy Constantine encouraged with this success builds Fortresses upon the Alps as well Cottiae and Peninae as those towards the Maritime Coasts wherever there was any passage The Rhene which ever since Julian's time had been neglected he fortified with a Garrison and sent his Son Constans whom of a Winchester Monk he had made Caesar with an Army into Spain against Didymius and Verenianus the Kinsmen of Honorius In this Expedition Constans made Terentius General and Apollinaris Prefect of the Praetorium Against whom Didymius and his Brother with the Lusitanian Armies made stout resistance but finding themselves overpower'd armed the Countrey people and Slaves against him and brought him to hard straits but notwithstanding all their brave endeavours they were at last overcome and taken Prisoners with their wives upon which their Brothers Theodosius and Lagodius giving all for lost quitted Spain the former sleeing to Honorius the other to the Eastern Emperour Constans having thus reduced Spain places the Honoriaci and other Celtick Forces in Garrison upon the Pyrenaean Hills though the Spanish Armies had desired that themselves and not Strangers might be entrusted to guard the Passages and Entrances into their own Countrey as anciently they were and leaving the Furniture of his Court and his wife at Saragosa and Gerontius to command in his absence returns to his Father carrying with him the two Captive Princes whom Constantine forthwith commanded to be put to death And now he
Usurpers Cl. Cornelius Laelianus Usurper Caius Carausius Usurper Caius Allecius Usurper M. Aurelius Asclepiodotus Pacatianus Gratianus Funarius Martinus Lupicinus Alypius Nectaridius and Bulchobaudes Severus Jovinus Theodosius Civilis and Dulcitius Fraomarius Maximus Usurper Chrysanthus Victorinus Marcus Usurper Gratianus Municeps Usurper Constantine and Constans Usurpers Gallio of Ravenna The Angles were a Tribe of the Suevians and both Suevians and Saxons were the Off-spring of the Syebi and Sasones in Asia and came into Europe together being of the same Gomerian Original with the Cimbrians Kings of the Saxons STresaeus Bedwig Gualas Hadras Ittermon Heremod Skeph reigned in Sleswick Skeld Bevin Tetuas Geta went to Asgard In Asgard Gedulph Son to Geta. Finne Fridulph Frelaph Fridwald In Germany Henry Sifrid Woden Son to Fridwald returned into Germany Weldeg and his Brethren with Sirick and his Sons Hunding and Gelder Anônymus contemporary with Wermund King of the Danes Gelder contemporary with Tordo King of Sweden and Dan the third King of Demnark Artrick Ansenrick Wilkin the I. Swerting and Hanef Swerting the II. Wilkin the II. Witikind Wilkin the III. with his Brother Sigar Marbod Bodo Vecta Vita Witigils Hengist Kings of the Suevians before the departure of the Angles from them to the Saxons ANônymus contemporary with Metellus Celer Arionistus or Ernest Nasua and Cimberius Maroboduus Vannius Vangio and Sido Italicus and Sido Kings of the PICTS THE Picts and Scots were Gothick Nations of the same Gomerian Original with the Cimbrians and came from Scandia which is also called Scythia Germanica But in regard our British Histories have hitherto been too deficient concerning the Pictish Kings I shall here exhibit a Catalogue of them out of John Fordon's M. S. Scotichronicon and Hector Boethius Cruithhe Camelon reigned ann 50. Ghede 100 Ghede II. Hect. 100 Chrine Hect. 150. Tharan 150. Ghede III. 150. Duchil 40. Dinorth Tisy 20. Duor Deghel 20. Decok Heth. 60. Congust 20. Caranath Creth 40. Garnard Bolg 9. Wipopneth whom Hector calls Unipanus 30. Blarchassereth 17. Phiathus albus Thalarg Amfrud 16. Canatalmel 6. Dongard Nethles 1. Feredeth Finyel Gannard Dives 60. Nectan II. Hect. 60. Nectan II. Hect. 60. Hungurst Son of Fergus 40. In his time Regulus brought St. Andrew's Relicks into Albania Thalarg Son of Keother 24 Durst aliàs Nectan Son of Irby 48. In his time Palladius taught in Ireland and Albania Thalarg Son of Amyle 2. Nectan Chaltamoth 10. Durst Germerth Son of Ethrede 38. Galan 15. Durst Son of Gigurun 5. Durst Son of Ethrede 8. Durst Son of Gigurun ag 4. Garnard Son of Gigurun 6. Kelturan Son of Garnard 6. Thalarg Son of Mordeleth 11. Durst Son of Mometh 1. Thalagath 4. Brude Son of Meilothon 19. In his time Columba came from Ireland to Albania Garnard Son of Dompnach 20 He built the Church of Abernethy Nectan Son of Irban 11. Kenel Son of Luchren 14. Nectan Son of Fode 6. Brude Son of Fathna 5. Thalarg Son of Farthard 11. Thalargan Son of Amfrud 4. Garnard Son of Dompnal 5. Durst Brother to Garnard 6. Brude Son of Bridebile 11. In his time Egfrid King of the Northumbrians was slain by the Picts Nectan Son of Brude 18. To him Abbot Celfrid writ about the observing of Easter and Clerical Tonsure after the Roman way Garnard Son of Feredeth 14. He slew Amberclet King of the Scots and gave an Oratory to the nine Daughters of Dovenald Oengussa Son of Fergus 16. Nectan Son of Decil Nine Months Feredeth Son of Alpin Six Months Alpin Father of Feredeth 26. Brude Son of Cenegus 2. Alpin Son of Cenegus 2. Thalargan Son of Durst 1. Thalarg Son of Drusken 4. Cenegus Son of Thalarg 6. Constantine Son of Fergus 40. He built the Church of Dunkeld 226 years after the building of Abernethy Church by Garnard Hungus Son of Fergus 10. Durstolorgus Son of Hungus 3. Feredeth Son of Badoc 3. Brude Son of Feredeth One Month. Kened Son of Feredeth 1. Brude Son of Fethel 2. Drusken Son of Feredeth 3. Five of these Kings are omitted in Fordon's Scotichronicon viz. Ghede the second Chrine and Ghede the third and the two Nectan's between Garnard and Hungurst but they are here supplied out of Hector Boetius I confess it is to be feared that in this Catalogue there may be some mistake either in the computation of years or the order of succession And therefore I could heartily wish that some Ingenious Lover of Antiquity could produce some more perfect and exact List of these Kings than this which I have faithfully transcribed out of the forementioned Author The TABLE A. ALbion whence so called Page 4 Ambrons a mischievous Nation Page 13 14 Asia a Province of Sarmatia Page 18 Asaei Asiotae ibid. Ancalites a British People Page 34 Attrebatij ibid. Attiscoti a Northern People Page 40 41 Invade the Roman Province Page 150 Albina Dioclesian's Daughter Page 53 Androgeus a British Prince Page 71 82 Adminius or Etiminius Page 84 85 87 Arviragus King of the Britans Page 91 Avitus Didius Gallus Governour of Britain Page 92 Agricola subdues the Ordovices Page 98 He overcomes the Caledonians Page 101 Agricola Calpurnius represseth the Picts and Caledonians Page 111 Adelphius Bishop of Colchester Page 144 Arminius a British Deacon ibid. Albinus Governour of Britain Page 117 Argetocoxus Prince of the Calcedonians Page 122 His Wifes Reply to the Empress ibid. Allectus an Vsurper Page 130 131 Asclepiodotus a Roman General Page 131 Was Governour of Britain Page 132 Alban and Aaron Martyrs Page 133 Amphibalus and Augulius Page 134 Alypius Governour of Britain Page 150 Armorica planted with Britans Page 162 174. Ambrose Son of Constantine Page 166 191 B. BRitain its Circuit p. 1 Whence named p. 5 6 Whether it was ever joyned to France p. 36 Brito King of Britain p. 9 Also a Centaure ibid. Britona or Britomartis ib. Britans whence descended p. 12 13 Belgae a British People p. 34 Bibroci Bodunni ibid. Brigantes whence so named p. 39 Britain how divided p. 44 45 British Idols ibid. Bards what they were p. 45 British Government under the Romans p. 46 47 Britains Cities and Streets p. 50 Brutus the same with Brito p. 9 His Discent and Exploits p. 55 56 His Successours p. 62 Brennus the Elder 's Warrs p. 64 65 66 Belinus King of Britain p. 63 66 Belinus the Great p. 68 His Sons p. 69 His Death p. 74 Boadicia's Insurrection p. 95 Bonosus an Vsurper p. 126 Brittia Batavica subdued p. 155 156 C. CImmerians Ancestors to the Cimbrians p. 13 26 And to the Britans ibid. Cerberion a City p. 30 Catticuchlani Cassij Cenimagni Cantij p. 34 35 Cossini Corini p. 33 Coritani Cornavij Cangi p. 38 Cantij p. 35 Caledonij Cantae Carini p. 40 Carnonacae Cerones Cornabyi ibid. Count of the Saxon Coast p. 47 48 Caswallan a British King p. 71 74 His Warr with Caesar p. 78 79 Cunobeline succeeds his Father p. 83 His Sons p. 85 Caligula intends to Invade Britain p. 84
Caradock a British Prince p. 85 His Warr with Ostorius p. 89 His Speech p. 98 Cartismandua Queen of the Brigantes p. 93 Cerealis overthrown p. 95 Made Governour of Britain p. 98 Conversion of Britain p. 103 104 Coelus King of the Britans p. 68. 110. 125 Cogidunus a British King p. 89 Carausius an Vsurper p. 128 129 Constantine the Great born in Britain p. 126. 145 His Victories p. 142. 143 144 Chrysanthus Governour of Britain p. 163 Constantine an Vsurper p. 166 His Exploits p. 166 167 c. D. DAnmonij Durotriges British Nations p. 33. 34 Dobuni where they dwelt p. 34 Dimetae or Demetae p. 38 Deucaledones p. 42 Druids Famous Philosophers p. 46 Dolobellus a British General p. 71 80 Duvianus or Dwywan sent thither with Fagan p. 112 Dulcitius a Renewned Captain p. 151 Deonotus Ursula 's Father Prince of Cornwal p. 156 E ETiminius a British Prince p. 187 Elvan's Embassy to Eleutherius p. 111 He was the second Bâ—shop of London p. 118 Eborius Bishop of York p. 115 144 Elutherius his letter to Lucius p. 112 Eucta or Eucthaf p. 153 Edobichus Treacherously Murthered p. 172 Ellobichus a Traytor dyes suddenly p. 171 Epistle of the Britains to Aetius p. 186 English enter into Britain p. 191 F FRontinus Governour of Britain p. 98 subdues the Silures ibid. Fagan sent hither by Eleutherius p. 112 Was the first Bishop of York p. 115 Fulgentius opposeth the Emperour Severus p. 121 122 Fraomarius King of the Bucinobantes p. 153 Fastidius a famous British Bishop p. 176 Famine afflicts the Britains p. 183 Faustus a good Sonne of bad Parents p. 188 G GOmer Ancestor to the Britains p. 12. 13 Gabrantovici p. 39 Gadeni p. 40 Guiderius King of the Britains p. 85 Galgacus Prince of the Caledonians p. 100 Genissa the same with Cartismandua p. 97 Gogmagog Hills a Station of the Vandals p. 126 George the Cappadocian a famous Martyr p. 135 136 Gueno and Guavar conduct a Colony of Britains into Armorica p. 146 Gratianus Funarius was Generall in Britain p. 147 his goods Confiscated p. 148 Goths overcome by Stilico p. 165 Gratianus the Emperour slain by Maximus p. 155 Gratianus Municeps an Vsurper p. 166 Gerontius a Britain p. 167 Turns rebell p. 170. 171 Kills himself p. 173 Gallio overthrew the Picts and Scots p. 176. 177 German Bishop of Auxerre comes with Lupus Bishop of Troyes into Britain p. 178 They confute the Pelagians ibid. And vanquish the Saxons and Picts p. 177. 180 German comes again with Severus Bishop of Triers p. 188 He dyes in Italy p. 189 H HOresti the same with the Selgovae p. 40 Heraclius a Martyr in Britain p. 133 Helena Marryed to Constantius p. 126. 142 Conduct's a Colony with her Brother Conan into Armorica p. 140 Honorius acquits the Britains of their subjection p. 170 Honorius sends help to the Britains p. 175 I JApheth Ancestour to the Europaeans p. 17 Iceny a British people p. 35 Jugantes p. 39 Julius Caesar's Warres in Britain p. 71. 77 Julius Severus Governour of Britain p. 109 Julius a British Martyr p. 133 Jovinus sent over into Britain p. 150 Jovinus an Vsurper p. 172 175 K KEnt by whom inhabited p. 35. 36 Kentish Men oppose Caesar p. 71. 81 Keby a British Saint p. 152 L LOgi a Tribe of the Maeatae p. 40 Lucullus Governour of Britaine p. 102 Licinius Priscus Governour of Britain p. 110 Lollius Urbicus punisheth the Brigantes ibid. Lucius first Christian King of the Britains p. 111 Lupus Governour of Britain p. 121 Lollianus an Vsurper p. 125 Laelianus an Vsurper p. 126 Livius Gallus slain p. 132 Lucius converted the Rhaetians and Bavarians p. 119 He founded an Abbey at Lusson p. 139 Lupicinus sent over against the Scots and Picts p. 149 M. MAdai Ancestour to the Sarmatians p. 18 19 Maeatae a British People p. 40 Mandubratius the same with Androgeus p. 74. 82 Marius King of the Britains p. 103 his victory over the Picts p. 107. 108 Medwins Embassy to Eleutherius p. 111 Marcellus the Roman Governour repulseth the northern enemies p. 116 Mello a Britan Bishop of Roan p. 125 Marius an Vsurper ib. Melior or Melorus a British Martyr p. 135 Magnentius an Vsuper p. 147 Martinus Vice-gerent of Britain p. 148 Maximus Marryes Helena the Daughter of Eucta p. 153 Overcomes Conan Meriadoc p. 154 And the Scots ibid. His other Exploits p. 155 165 c. Marcus an Vsurper p. 166 Maximus an Vsurper p. 170. 175 N. NOvantes a British People p. 40 Nennius a British Prince p. 69. 79 Nonius Philippus Governour of Britain p. 124 Nicolas a British Martyr p. 134 Nectaridius Count of the Saxon shoar slain p. 150 Nannienus Overcomes the Franks p. 162 Ninianus Converted the Southern Picts p. 176 O. OStaei Ostiones Ostidamnij p. 33 Ordevices a British People p. 38 Ostadini p. 40 Ostorius succeeds Plautius in the Government of Britain p. 88 Octavius rebels against Traherne p. 142 He is overcome by Constantine p. 143 P. PArisi a Tribe of the Brigantes p. 39 Plautius invades the Britans p. 85. 86 Was the first Roman Governour here p. 89 Paulinus Governour of Britain p. 94 Prasutagus King of the Iceni p. 94. 95 Pertinax Governour of Britain p. 116 Posthumus an Vsurper p. 125 Proculus an Vsurper p. 126 Persecution in Britain p. 133 Pacatianus Vicegerent of Britain p. 144 Paulus Catena a mischievous Notary p. 148 Proventusides p. 150 Pelagius the Heretick a Britan p. 163 Plebeias Brother to Ninianus p. 176 Pelagianisme brought into Britain by Agricola p. 177 Palladius a Deacon of Rome p. 178 Is sent into Ireland p. 181 Placidia displaceth Aetius p. 182 Restores him p. 183 Picts overthrown and expelled by the Britans p. 187 Pestilence afflicts the Britans p. 190 Q. Quintinus Overcomes the Franks p. 162 Pursuing them too far he is beaten ibid. He is displaced ibid. R. REgni a British People p. 36 Whence so named ibid. Roderick King of the Picts p. 98 Restitutus Bishop of London p. 115. 144 Romans in Britain hide their Treasure under ground p. 174 Romans drain Britain with numerous Levies p. 184 S. SYlvius Father to Brutus or Brito p. 10. 11 Sarmatians descended from Madai p. 18. 19 Comarians Chomarians p. 20 Segontiaci Simeni British People p. 34. 35 Silures or Sylires p. 38 Setantij p. 39 Selgovae Smertae p. 40 Samothes first King of Gaul and Britain p. 51 His Successors ibid. Suellan the same with Caswallan p. 69 Scaeva a valiant Souldier p. 82 Saturninus Archigubernus p. 114 Sacerdos a British Priest p. 144 Severus divides Britain into Two Provinces p. 117 He builds a Wall cross the Iland p. 122 Socrates and Stephen British Martyrs p. 134 Severus sent over into Britain p. 150 Stilico sends Victorinus against the Scots and Picts p. 163 Saxons invade the Britans p. 150. 164 They are invited hither by Vortigerne p. 190 T. TRinobantes Tigeni British People p. 35 Tenevantius Brother to Androgeus p. 71. 82 Succeeds his Vncle p. 82. 83 Togodumnus the same with Guiderius p. 85. 86 Turpilianus Governour of Britain p. 97 Trebellius Governour of Britain ibid. p. 109 Theonus Bishop of London p. 111 Theodosius second Bishop of York p. 115 Tetricus an Vsurper p. 125 Traherne a British King p. 129 Taporus the same with Magnentius p. 147 Theodosius beats the Northern men p. 151 And recovers Valentia p. 152 And displaceth the Areans ibid. V. VEnedoti People of North-Wales p. 39 Vacomagi and Vennicenes p. 40 Vecturiones p. 42 Vespasian's Acts in Britain p. 86. 87 Venutius a King of the Brigantes p. 93 Vellocatus an Adulterer ibid. Veranius Govvernour of Britain p. 94 Vectius Bolanus Governour of Britain p. 97 Venutius the same with Arviragus ibid. Victorinus an Vsurper p. 125 Vandelbiria p. 127 Victorinus repulsed the Picts and Scots p. 163 Ursula a British Saint p. 156 Vortigerne made King of the Britans p. 187 Commits Incest with his own Daughter p. 188 He invites the Saxons into Britain p. 190 W. WAll built by Adrian p. 109 And by Severus p. 122 Wall of Turf erected by the Britans p. 175 Wall of Stone built by the Britans p. 177 FINIS
and forrage the Countrey then passing the Straits of Gibralter came as Geffrey of Monmouth saith into the Tyrrhen Sea It should seem the old British Writers meant not by that name the Sea of Etruria for the Straits-mouth was out of the way from the Mediterranean thither but they understood some nearer Sea by it as appears by Nennius who tells us that King Belinus the Son of Minocanus subdued the Isles of the Tyrrhen Sea whereas the Britans never used to sail so far as â—â—ruria with any considerable Fleets yet why any Sea between the Straits and Britain should be so called I cannot see Here Brutus met with another Fleet of Trojans commanded by Chorinaeus who was descended from Antenor him he acquaints with the Answer he had from the Goddess and prevails with him to joyn with him in his Design Hence they pass forward through the Gallick Sea and cast Anchors in the River Loire which parted Aquitaine and Armorica Gaule was at this time governed by twelve Princes one of whom named Groffarius had Pictavia and part of these two Provinces aforenamed for his share who hearing the arrival of these Strangers in his Dominions sent out a party to take an account of them These found Chorinaeus with two hundred men chasing their Master's Deer and after some angry Expostulations fell to blows where Imbert Commander of the Gaules was slain by Cherinaeus and his men put to flight Groffarius hereat incensed marches against the Trojans who now were all landed and ready for the Encounter which was very sharp but at last the Victory fell to the new Comers who wasting the Country at their pleasure loaded their Ships with spoil and pillage In this Battel one Suardus a great Nobleman of Gaul lost his life by the hand of Chorinaeus But now the other Eleven Princes hasten to the succour of their vanquished friend and overbearing the Strangers with multitude beat them to their Camp and there beseige them About midnight Chorinaeus gets out with three thousand men and lodges them in an adjoyning Wood till morning at what time Brutus marched into the field whom the Gauls most furiously assail with assured hopes of Conquest when on a sudden Chorinaeus from the Wood falls in desperately upon their Rear who seeing themselves engaged both before and behind and thinking these last had been a new supply brought by Sea and more in number than they were began to faint which their Enemies perceiving redoubled their courages and charged them so fiercely that they put them to a total rout In this fight Turnus the Nephew of Brutus who came from Italy with Chorinaeus was slain after he had performed incredible exploits from whom the people of the countrey where the Battle was fought were named Turones Brutus began now to consider the numbers of his men were shrewdly diminished by these conflicts whereas the losses of his Adversaries would easily be repaired by fresh recruits which he could not have and therefore enquiring the name of the Land and finding that the place intended him by the Oracle lay beyond it he re-embarqued his Soldiers and with a prosperous Gale sailed into Britain arriving at Totnes in the Province of Danmonia and putting to flight the Albionians who opposed his landing The forementioned war between the Samotheans and Albionians becoming hereditary had lasted for divers Ages the former having the better of it and possessing the best part of the Isle so long as their Kings kept their residence in Gaul and assisted them in their exigencies but when Franâ—us removed his Court into Pannonia committing the government of Gaule to twelve Prefects whom he likewise ordered to be aiding to his Samothean Subjects when they should need their help they minding nothing more than to establish themselves in their Prefectures and to secure them to their Posterity took no care at all of Britain whereby the Albionians who were glad to keep themselves in the craggy and mountainous Moors while the others were helped from beyond Sea were emboldned to contend with them in open field The issue was that after many bloody Battels both Nations were reduced to such a paucity that Diana's Oracle when consulted by Brutus about the event of his Voyage is said to have termed this a Desart Island such animosity and hatred was between these two people though there was room enough and to spare for both The Samotheans having heard of Brutus his same presently repaired to him and received him for their King who to make good the opinion his new Subjects had conceived of him sought out the Albionians and utterly defeated them and then gave Danmonia to Chorinaeus from whom the Western part of it was called Corinia now Cornwall But as they were solemnizing a Festival for joy of their Successes not suspecting any danger on a sudden they were set upon and many killed by thirty of the boldest Albionians who since their overthrow had lurked in Caves thereabouts Brutus and Chorinaeus with their company betake themselves to their weapons and surrounding these Desperadoes slue them all but their Chief whose name was Gormagot and is reported to have been a Giant of a prodigious height whose strength Chorinaeus desired to try in wrestling which he afterwards did by the Sea-side in which contest he was so enraged with the pain of his three Ribs which had broke in the strugling that heaving him up by main strength he cast him violently down a steep Rock into the Sea where he perished After which to prevent such surprises for the future they by degrees extirpated his whole Crue and this was the end of the Albionians so named from their Founder Albion who are said to have been a Generation of Giants Brutus thus settled in his new Kingdom ordained that all his Subjects both Samotheans and Trojans should be called Britans and then upon the side of the River Thames he built the City Trinobant which the Welsh will have to be more rightly named Troynovant for a place of Residence for himself and his Successors dying after a happy Reign of four and twenty years he left his Kingdom to be divided between his three Sons but reserved the Superiority and Soveraignty to the Eldest which was Locrinus whose part was better than both his Brothers and was of him named Loegria as Camber's part was named Cambria and Albanactus his share Albania This last was invaded and slain by Humber King of the Hunnes whose death was soon revenged by Locrinus and Camber by whom the Hunnes were overthrown and destroyed and their Prince drowned in his flight Three Ladies were taken Prisoners by Humber in Germany whom he brought with him into Britain one of which called Estrildis was a King's Daughter Locrinus intended her for his wife and therefore carried them all three with him to Court But Chorinaeus hearing of it to whose only Daughter and Heiress he had been affianced while his Father lived came to him and by menaces compelled him to persorme his
some of those that are so earnest to derive our Britans from Troy might argue that the forementioned Martial Sports were for the solemnizing of King Belinus his Funeral which was certainly a custom of the Trojans as may be evinced out of Virgil's Aeneids Lib. 5. â— where Aeneas causeth the Obsequies of his Father Anchises to be celebrated with such Exercises and the like appears there to have been done upon the noble Hector's account where the Poet speaks thus of one Dares Idemque ad tumulum quo maximus occubas Hector Victorem Buten immani corpore qui se Bebryciâ veniens Amyci de gente ferebat Perculit fulvâ moribundum extendit arenâ The mighty Butes at great Hector's Tomb Of Amyeus the Champion's kindred come In quest of Honour from Bebrycian Land By him was quell'd and laid along the strand Caesar was now come back from Rome and readily receives Mandubratuts into his protection resolving upon a second expedition into Britain as not being well satisfied with the success of the former His Lagats had spent the Winter much better and 〈◊〉 than the Britans in providing a strong 〈◊〉 which the others took no care to do They had in all probability sustained an irreparable loss in that famous Sea-sight wherein the Veneti with a Navy of two hundred and twenty good Ships of Oke engaged D. Brutas all which were there lost but a very few who escaped by the benâ—â—â—t of the night The greatest part of this 〈◊〉 are judged to have been sent from hence to did the Veneti Lib. 2. c. 2. by Mr. Seiden in his Mare claâ—â—um where he layes down solid reasons for his opinion Indeed the Roman Writers make more frequent mention of a sort of Ships by this people used of which the Kâ—â—ls and Footstocks or upright Standards were made of slight Timber the rest of the body framed of Osiers and covered over with Leather But that they had better Ships fit for any Sea-service appears by Gildas who could not else have blamed them for not encountring the Romans with a warlike Navy though afterwards the use of them was interdicted by the Conquerours and only the other sort allowed them Caesar spurred forward by his own inclinations and Mandubratius his sollicitations embarques again with a much greater power than before in a Navy of eight hundred Ships and lands at the same place without opposition the Britans who had been there to resist him as was afterwards known being frighted away with the greatness of his Heat Presently he encamped and then leaving Q. Atrius with ten Cohorts and three hundred Horse to guard his Ships and Baggage marches up into the Countrey about twelve Miles and by the side of a River supposed to be the Stâ—wr set upon the Britans who received him couragiously but were at last sorced to take to the Woods where was one of their old Fortisications whereof all the Entrances were barred up with great Trees felled for that purpose and laid overthwart one another but the seventh Legion locking all their Shields together like a Roof close over head having raised a Mount entred the Wood and drove them out whom they pursued not far the ways being unknown to them and the Evening approaching which was better spent in pitching and fortifying their Camp The next day Caesar sent out three parties to pursue the Britans of whom the hindmost were yet in sight when intelligence was brought by Horse purposely sent from Q. Atrius that his Navy was terribly Wrackt by a Tempest the night before many of his Ships being utterly spoiled and almost all of them shrewdly shattered Hereupon he recalls those Soldiers and himself in person hastens to the Sea-side There he sets all his Shipwrights to work sends for more to Labienus who in his absence commanded in chief in Gaul with orders to build more Ships and with incredible pains of his Legionaries who laboured day and night brought it to this effect that all but forty Ships were made serviceable and being haled up to land were inclosed within one and the same Fortification with the Camp and so leaving to their defence the same strength as before he returns to the place from whence he came There he found ready for him a greater Army of Britans than any that had yet come against him for upon the news of his second arrival with so great Forces they found a necessity for a speedy composure of their intestine dissensions And though Caswallan had at other times also during his Fathers life been at war with divers States that bordered upon him yet in this exigence both in regard of his power and his ability in Martial Affairs they all judged him the fittest person for the management of this War and in a publick Council elected him their Captain-General He therefore with his Cavalry and Charioteers entertains Caesar with a sharp conflict but finding his naked Britans unable to maintain the fight long against the well-armed Veterans retreats to the Woods still turning upon the Pursuers and cutting many off and observing his opportunity when Caesar thought there had been an end of fighting for that day and was employing his men about entrenching suddenly issued out upon those that kept ward before the Camp and was in a fair way to have put them to the sword if two Cohorts had not been speedily sent to their rescue who joyning with them were with other fresh supplies gotten behind the Britans But such an impression of terror was upon them that Caswallan found it no very difficult matter to charge through the midst of them and carry off his men with safety In this fight Nennius received his mortal wound having first slain a Tribune named Laberius whom Orosius Beda and Monumethensis through mistake call Labienus The next morning the Britans shewed themselves here and there in small companies upon the Hills and had some slight skirmishes with their Enemies but at Noon they fell furiously upon C. Trebonius who was sent out a forraging with three Legions and all the Horse these they charged even to the very Legions and their Standards but were as stoutly received by the Romans who repulsed them and pressed so hard upon them that they put them by from their former way of fighting and giving them no time either to rally or stand or descend from their Chariots gained a compleat victory with much slaughter of the Assailants in the Battel and pursuit After this the Britans never encountred the Romans with their main power for the greater part of them departed to their several Provinces Caesar then marched to the River Thames which he was informed was no where passable but in one place To impede his passage under the water were stuck many sharp Stakes unseen and others upon the further bank where good Forces stood embattelled to set upon them in that disorder which they reasonably hoped this Device might put them in The place retains the name of Coway Stakes
Scotland take name from that remote Nation but from Mor which in British signifies the Sea as being a Maritime Province as Moravia in Germany took its Name from the River Mora which passes through it Some reject this Story of Marius his Victory but that which William of Malmesbury relates in the Prologue of his third Book De Gestis Pontificum seems no contemptible Evidence for it There is saith he in the City of Lugubalia now Carlile a Dining-Chamber built of Stone and arched with Vaults so that no spiteful force of Tempests nor furioun flame of Fire could ever shake or hurt it the Country is called Cumberland and the people Cumbrians in the forefront thereof this Inscription is to be read MARII VICTORIAE that is To the Victory of MARIVS Here Camden thinks fit to acquaint us how he had learned that another making mention of this Stone saith it was not inscribed Marii Victoriae but Marti Victori that is To Victorious MARS But that this is clearly contrary to Malmesburie's mind his words immediately following shew What is meant by it I am at a stand for unless part of the Cimbrians haply planted themselves here after they had been driven out of Italy by Marius Here Lib. 4. cap. 9. saith Ranulphus Cestrensis in his Polychronicon William of Malmesbury was deceived in thinking the Inscription upon this Stone appertained to Marius the Roman Consul but it is no wonder seeing he had not read the British Book where it is written of King Marius Neither indeed could he have read it in Geffrey's History which was not published when Mulmesbury wrote Cneus Trebellius was the next Lieutenant of Britain that we read of after Salustius Lucullus and after him Julius Severus who being called hence by Adrian to suppress the Jewish Rebellion the Northern Britans with the Picts again entred the Province and so fiercely assailed the Romans and Southern Britans that the Emperour was fain to come in person to their relief by whom the Enemies were repulsed and again forced to betake themselves to their sculking holes and Adrian approving the policy of Tiberius for girding the Empire within moderate bounds withdrew the Limit from Agricola's Fence an hundred Italian Miles as he had done in the East further from Tygris to Euphrates and erected a Wall of Turf for fourscore Italian Miles in length from Gabrosentuns Spartianus in vita Adriani 122. now Gateshead to Carlile which should divide the Barbarians and the Romans asunder strengthned with great Stakes or Piles pitched deep in the ground and fastned together in manner of a Mural or Military mound for defence And then having reformed many things throughout the Island triumphantly returned to Rome and upon his Coin entituled himself The Restorer of Britain The next Lieutenant here was Priscus Licinius whom Adrian afterwards employed in an Expedition against the Jews as appears by an old Inscription In the year of Christ one hundred twenty five dyed Marius the British King to whom succeeded his Son Coelus who kept peace with the Romans and paid them their Tribute as his Father had done In his time the Brigantes confederating with the Northern people made Inrodes into Genunia Paus in Arcad. a Neighbour-Province which Camden thinks should be written Genuthia taking it to be the same with Guinethia or North Wales against whom the Emperour Antoninus Pius by whose Ordinance as many as were in the Roman world became Citizens of Rome sent Lollius Vrbicus Lieutenant into Britain who subdued them and fined them with the loss of a good part of their Territory and driving the Northern Enemies further back enlarged the Bounds of the Roman Province again as far as Agricola's Frontier-Fence between Glotta and Bodotria In vita Antorini Pij building there as Julius Capitolinus saith another Wall of Turfs viz. beyond that of Adrian Seius Saturninus was now Archigubernus of the Navy in Britain as we find in the Digests Lib. 36. but whether by that Title be meant Admiral or Arch-Pilot is questionable In the beginning of the Reign of the Emperour Aurelius the Picts and Caledonians raising new Commotions were quelled by Calpurnius Agricola who succeeded Lollius in the Lieutenantship Coelus having reigned forty years dyed in the Year one Hundred sixty five leaving his Kingdom to his Son Lucius whom the Britans call Lhes and Sirname him Lever Maur that is Great Light because he was the first Christian King of their Nation For having heard of the Miracles wrought by Christ and Christians and particularly of the Emperour's Victory over the Germans obtained by the Prayers of the Christian Legion and observing the Piety and Sanctity of the Lives of those who in Britain professed that Religion he begain to entertain a high and honourable opinion of it Theonus Elvanus and Meduinus lived at this time of whom the first was the first Archbishop of London the other two were employed by the King to Eleutherus or Eleutherius Bishop of Rome to request him to send some able Teachers hither to instruct and Baptize him and his people Radulphus de Baldock and Gisburnensis say that at the receipt of this Message the good Bishop for joy sung the Angels Hymn Gloria in Excelsis The time of this Embassy is much controverted Beda Marianus and Florentius though dissenting in the computation of Years yet agree in this that they refer it to the beginning of Eleutherus which according to Eusebius was in the year one Hundred seventy six in the sixteenth year of the Emperour Aurelius when Aper and Pollio were Consuls Hereupon Faganus and Duvianus are dispatched into Britain who the same year baptized the King and many of his Subjects The Names of these two are strangely varied by Authors the former being called Fugatius Fagatius Fagaunus Foganus Fuganus Euganus and Figinus and Phaganus the other Damianus Dumianus Dunanus Dunianus Dimianus Dimanus Dinnamus Diwanus Divianus Divinianus Derwianus and Donatianus The Britans called them Fagan and Dwywan With these was also Marcellus or Marcellinus afterwards Bishop of Triers and Tongres King Lucius having now received the Faith is reported to have requested the Bishop of Rome to send him a Copy of the Roman Laws whereupon Eleutherus sent him this Letter You have desired us to send you the Laws of Rome and of Caesar which You would use in your Kingdom We may reject the Laws of Rome and of Caesar at all times but in no wise the Law of God Ye have lately by God's mercy received the Law and Faith of Christ in the Kingdom of Britain Ye have with you in your Kingdom both Testaments out of them by God's Grace with the Counsel of your Realm take a Law and by it with God's sufferance govern your Kingdom of Britain For You are God's Vicegerent in your Realm according to the Royal Prophet Psal 24.1 The Earth is the Lord's and the fulness thereof the world and they that dwell therein and again according to that
endured with undaunted resolution Sentence was pronounced against him That he should be drawn through the City and beheaded which was accordingly performed upon the three and twentieth of April in the year three Hundred and three in which year as I said before out of Eusebius the Persecution began and therefore I cannot assent to them who place his death in the year two Hundred and ninety Of this George I understand Eusebius to speak Hist Eccl. lib. 8. cap. 5. where he saith Presently one of those who were not obscure but most glorious as they are reputed according to the excellencies of this world as soon as the Edict against the Churches was published at Nicomedia moved with zeal and fervent faith took down and rent the Writing as profane and impious which was set up in an open and publick place when two Emperours meaning the Emperour and his Caesar were in the City and even he who of all the rest was most honoured and chief of the Four But he who first behaved himself thus worthily suffered likewise those punishments which in all likelihood attended one that had dared to do such an Action and manifested an undejected and undaunted Spirit to the very last Thus far Eusebius His Body was afterwards by his Servant conveyed back to Palestine and interred at a City called Lydda and Diospolii now St. Georges near Ramah He is reported by his constancy at his suffering and by private Reasonings and Conferences to have converted many and among the rest Vincentius who was Martyred in Spain That George suffered where the Emperour kept his Court is agreed by all which sufficiently proves that neither Lydda nor Ramah was the place as some deceived by his Burial at the former have written but Nicomediae where all the Histories of those times aver that Diocletian usually resided The Arians to procure the reputation of Saintship to their George the Alexandrian Bishop confounded him and our Martyr into one composing a mixt Legend of their Acts and Sufferings stuffed with such sottish forgeries of Saint Athanasius whom they make a Magician and Alexandra the wife of Dacianus and such like that Pope Gelasius though fit to reject it with others of the same nature as Apocryphal but that he might not be misinterpreted to deny the being of those Saints whose Legends he condemned he thus concludes his Canon Yet notwithstanding this we with the Church devoutly reverence all those Martyrs and their glorious sufferings ' which are better known to God than men Yet did not this Censure though past with the advice of above seventy Prelates hinder succeeding Writers from inserting those Fopperies into their Relations of this Saint whereby some as Calvin Chemnitius c. have been induced to think that there was never such a man Others De Idol Rom. lib. 1. cap. 5. of whom Dr. Reynolds is the most considerable have really believed him to be the same with George of Alexandria though he confesseth that in his opinion Gelasius did believe him to be a Holy Martyr which he could not surely think of the Arian George whose death was but an hundred and thirty years or thereabouts before his Papacy too scant a time to have his impieties and villanies forgotten Amm. Marcel lib. 22. Neither was the Arian George a Cappadocian as this Martyr was which Dr. Reynolds goes about to prove but a Cilician born at a Town of that Province called Epiphania in a Fullers House but dwelling in Cappadocia when the Emperour Constantius the Younger appointed him to be Bishop of Alexandria many years after the other George's Martyrdom By Dacianus the Legendaries mean Galerius Caesar a Native of Dacia who had that Denomination from his Countrey as the Emperour Adrianus had his Name from Adria a Town of Italy whence his Family came and Diocletian from Dioclea in Dalmatia where he was born They call him King of the Persians in regard of his great victories over that people from whom he won five Provinces and was in a fair way as we find in Aurelius Victor to have subdued the whole Kingdom if Diocletian had not recalled him The Fable of George killing a Dragon to save a Virgin 's life seems to be taken from the Poetical Fiction of Persens and Andromeda though it may not unfitly be judged Emblematical if by the Virgin we understand his Soul and by the Dragon the Devil the one preserved the other conquered by his Christian Magnanimity and constant perseverance His name is commemorated in the Martyrologies of Greece and Rome and many ancient Authors his Relicks reverenced and Churches erected and dedicated to his memory in several Lands I have spoken the more of this Martyr that it may appear to the world that the Kings and the Nation of England who for some Ages have had a peculiar respect for this Saint whom they chose for Patron of the most Noble Order of the Garter have not bestowed all this Honour either upon a Heretick or a meer Chimoera Bouchet in his Annals of Aquitain writes That Helena the Daughter of King Cloel so he calls Coel brought Constantius two other Sons besides Constantine and that the youngest named Lucius having slain the Elder was by his Father banished out of Britain and condemned to a Monastical life Embarking therefore with divers Priests and Religious men he crossed over to Poictou where at a place from him called Lucionum now Lusson he founded an Abbey and a Church in honour of the Virgin Mary This he relates out of an old Hymn of that Church But seeing no Ancient approved Author mentions any other Son of Helena's besides Constantine I rather think this Lucius to be the same with him who preached to the Rhaetians and Bavarians since all the Writers of his Acts agree that he preached in Gaul before he entred into Germany Gaul had been much depopulated by the frequent irruptions of the Barbarous people whereupon Constantius as he had translated many of the Franks to manure the Grounds about Langres Rad. Niger Lib. Triedum Rheimes Troyes and Amiens thought fit to draw a Colony of Britans into Armorica which was transported thither under the command of Conan the Son of King Coel whom his Sister the Divorced Princess Helena accompanied In the year three Hundred and five the Picts raised some Commotions here which brought the Emperour over who gave them an Overthrow but was constrained by sickness to return to York where he dyed in the year three Hundred and six and was buried at Caer Seiont near Caernarvon which place was in honour of him called also Caer Custeint Nenn. whose Body being found there in the year one Thousand two hundred and eighty Mat. Westm was by King Edward's command Honourably interred in the Church of Caernarâ—â—â—â— To him succeeded the Noble Constantine worthily Sirnamed The Great who happily came Post from Rome to Boloigne just as his Father was setting Sail his last time hither as we find
in Eumenius and an old Historian published with Ammianus Marcellinus by Henricus Valesius His Father when he was made Caesar to assure Galerius of his fraternal love had put this his Son to him to be trained up in Martial Discipline out of his Stepmother Theodora's sight But he discerning him to be of a great a spiring soul exposed him to continual perils wherein he so behaved himself that he always came off with Honour This made his envious Guardian cause him to be the more narrowly observed resolving either by policy or force ever to detain him in his power Constantine perceiving himself to be in some sort a prisoner determined to take the first opportunity for his Escape so that when Maximinus and Severus were made Caesars by Galerius which was according to Eusebius his Chronicle in the year preceding the death of Constantius he knowing himself as worthy of that Dignity as they procured a feigned permission to return to his Father And coming to Rome took Post there and maimed all the Post-horses by the way till he got out of Italy to prevent the pursuit of Severus Caesar whom he understood to have private Instructions from Galerius to apprehend him Coming safe to Constantius he was by him before his Embarquing declared Caesar the same year as Aurelius Victor saith He staid behind to govern Gaul in his Fathers absence but hearing that he lay sick at York he hasted thither to see him who upon his death-bed appointed him to succeed him not without the envy of his Brothers who csteemed him as the Son of a British Princess not so nobly born as themselves whose Mother was a Roman Emperour's Daughter-in-law Which stuck so deep in the stomach of his ungracious Nephew Julian that he was not ashamed to style the Empress Helena 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anaughty and mean woman and Zosimus terms her 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A shameful Mother and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 An unworthy woman who was not the lawful wife of Constantius the falseness of which appears in that he was forced to put her away in order to his marriage with Theodora And both Jews and Gentiles by way of reproach called her Stabularia or Hostess because she so devoutly sought out that Inn and Stable at Bethlehem where Christ was born and there founded a Church which gave occasion to that fabulous report of her keeping an Hostelry at Drepanum in Bithynia But her Heroick Son was so far from being ashamed of his Mother that he declared her Augusta and at Triers she had a stately Palace for her residence while he kept his Imperial Court there which retaining her Name long time after caused the Abbot Berengosius and others to imagine her a Native of that City Constantine pursuing the Relicks of the Pictish War soon brought the Enemy to terms of Submission and then crossed the Sea to Gaul where the next year he married Fausta the Daughter of the late Emperour Maximian by whom he was then declared Augustus which Title he had forborn till that time Octavius Lord of the Evissaei people inhabiting part of the Counties of Monmouth and Hereford which from them took the name of Ewias leaguing himself with the Northern men rose up in Rebellion here against whom the Emperour sent back his Uncle Traherne who happened at that time to be with him upon some business between whom near Winchester was sought a Battel in which the British King was put to the worst and compelled to flee into the Countrey of the Brigantes where the greatest part of the Roman Army lay to oppose the Picts and their Allies The Rebel following him thither presuming much upon the strength and power of his Confederates where another Battel was fought in which Traherne and the Romans prevailed who pursued Octavius so eagerly that they forced him to quit the Land and sail to Scandia leaving orders with his Friends to contrive some means for dispatching the King which was quickly effected for Traherne thinking himself secure rode out of London with a small Retinue and was intercepted by the Lord of Verulam who with an hundred men lay in Ambush for him and slew him in the year three hundred and eleven when he had reigned two and twenty years Hereof Octavius was immediately advertised who hastning his return and getting his Complices together became very strong but Constantine coming against him in person the same year subdued him and upon his submission suffered him to hold some part of Cambria with the Title of King under him Eusebius speaks of this Exploit saying That Constantine after he had furnished his Army with mild and modest Instructions of piety Euseb de vita Constantin lib. 1. cap. 4. invaded Britain that he might likewise reform those who dwell environed round about with the waves of the Ocean bounding the Sun's setting as it were with his Coasts And in another place Cap. 19. He passed over to the Britans enclosed on every side within the Banks of the Ocean whom when he had overcome he began to compass in his mind other parts of the world that he might come in time to succour those that wanted his help After this he overcame and killed Maxentius and Licinius and established Christian Religion throughout the Roman Empire He caused the Council of Arles to be assembled in the year three hundred and fourteen about the Donatists to which Eborius Bishop of York Restitutus Bishop of London Adelphius Bishop of Colchester Sacerdos a Presbyter and Arminius a Deacon repaired out of Britain and subscribed He also called the Famous Nicene Council against the Arians in the year three hundred twenty five whereat some of the British Clergy were present and held with the Orthodox men In his time the Government of Propraetors or Lieutenants ceased in Britain in stead whereof succeeded Vice-gerents or Vicars General of whom Pacatianus was the first In the year three hundred thirty seven dyed the Emperour Constantine the Great and Singular Ornament of this his Native Countrey in respect whereof the Panegyrist crieth out Panegyric 3. O Fortunate Britain and more happy now than all other Lands that hadst the first sight of Constantinus Caesar But Livineius will not allow this Honour to Britain and tells us That this passage only imports that he was here made Caesar whereas we have already shewed out of Aurelius Victor that he was made Caesar the same year with Maximinus and Severus when he came to his Father in Gaul just as he was embarquing for Britain Lib. 7. c. 19. which is acknowledged by Nicephorus Ad that those two were made Caesars the year before the death of Constantius is expresly affirmed by Eusebius in his Chronicle Lib. 4. c. 53. who likewise in his life of this Emperour deduceth his Reign from that year saying that he reigned two and thirty years wanting some odd months and dayes For if he had computed his Reign from his Fathers death which was on the
Hundred and sixty 360. Amm. Mare lib. 20. the Savage Nations of the Scots and Picts broke the Peace and by sundry Inrodes wasted the Frontiers in dreadful manner Julianus Caesar therefore sent over Lupicinus to repress their boldness who with a power of light-armed Herulians Batavians and Maesians set sail from Boloigne in the midst of Winter and landed at Rutupiae now Richborough and marched to London to take order there for the management of the War In the mean time Julianus Caesar is by his Army saluted Augustus whereupon he makes preparations against Constantius and mistrusting the turbulent humour of Lupicinus Whom he knew to be an arrogant and haughty man he sends a Notary to Boloigne to look that none should pass from those Coasts to Britain so that returning before he had any information of what had happened in his absence he was able to make no Disturbance In his room came Alypius whom Julian after the death of Constantius recalled and employed in that vain attempt of re-edifying the Temple of Jerusalem In the year three hundred sixty four 364. Amm. Marcel lib. 26. Valentinianus and Valeus were made Emperours in the beginning of whose Reign the Picts Saxons Scots and Attiscots assailed the Britans and vexed them with continual turmoils for some years Nectaridius Count of the Maritime Tract or the Saxon Shore was slain and Bulchobaudes Duke of Britain circumvented by the enemies Ambuscadoes Amm. Marcel lib. 27. Upon these News Valentinian sent hither Severus Lord High Steward of his Houshold and presently revoking him sent over Jovinus a famous Commander who perceiving his own Forces too weak to perform any great matters dispatcht Proventusides back for a greater supply But the Emperour who could not well spare him ordered his return and sent Theodosins to succeed him in his Charge here who being a man of great Experience in Martial Affairs having with him the Batavians Herulians Jovij and Victores fell upon the spoiling Bands and Companies of Robbers routed and stripped them of their Prey and Prisoners and after a full restitution of all save only some small parcels bestowed upon his wearied Soldiers he triumphantly entred the Ancient Town of London which Posterity called Augusta where he got what intelligence he could from Captives and Fugitives of the condition of the Enemies who being of disserent Nations and the war scattered secret Wiles and sudden Excursions would be most available against them Many Deserters and Runnagates he brought back to the Roman Service by Proclamation of Impunity Then he requests that Civilis a man of noted Integrity might be sent him to govern the Land as Deputy and with him Duleitius a renowned Captain And now he marches out from London against the Barbarous people Amm. Mar. cel lib. 28. 368. and gaining all places of advantage to forelay them discomsited and put to slight divers Nations whom a long unchastised Insolence had emboldned to invade the Roman Empire and laid the foundation of a lasting Tranquillity restoring every where the decayed Cities and Castles In the mean time Valentinus a Pannonian banished hither for a crime of a high nature sollicited the Exiles and Soldiers with large promises of Rewards to allure and draw them to an Insurrection but was seasonably prevented by the wary General who delivered him and some sew of his inward Complices to Dulcitius to be put to death yet politickly forebore any further inquisition into the Conspiracy as knowing that too many were engaged in it And having now recovered the Province between the two Walls he fortified the Frontiers with standing Watches and strong Fore-fences and so brought it to the former ancient Estate that upon his motion it had a lawful Governour to rule it and was in honour of the Emperours named Valentia The Areans a kind of people formerly instituted on purpose to run to and fro by long journeys to find out the designs of the neigbour Nations being convicted of holding traiterous correspondence with them were displaced by him from their Stations So having quieted and settled all things here he was sent for by Valentinian of whom he was Honourably received and made General of the Horse In this war his Son named also Theodosius and Magaus Clemens Maximus gave good proofs of their valours which came afterwards to be Emperours About this time lived Chebius or Keby the Son of Salomon a Cornish Prince brought up by Hilarius Bishop of Poâ—ctiers by whom made a Bishop returning into Britâ—â—â—â— he passed some time at Menevia from whence he sailed into Ireland and building a Church in a certain Island stayed there four years and lastly coming back to Mona now Anglesey there spent the remainder of his dayes with his disciples at a place called from him Caer Guby for Caer Keby as Hilary-point a Promontory of the same Isle had its name from his Master whom the Britans highly honoured Valentinian having mastred part of the Almans Amm. Marcel 29. 373. made Fraomarius King of the Bucinobantes an Alman Tribe dwelling near Memz whom soon after in regard his Territory had been shrewdly harassed in the German Wars he translated into this Island with Authority of a Tribune over his own Countrey-forces which for number and valour were very considerable In the year three hundred seventy five dyed the British King Octavius whom the Cambro-Britans call Eucta and Euciha after a long Reign of sixty four years leaving behind only one Daughter named Helena who as Geoffrey saith was by the means of Caradoc Prince of Cornwall and his Son Maurice married to Maximus probably when he came hither under the Noble General Theodosius Geoffrey makes him to be near of kin to Constantine the Great whose Grandfather King Coel as he tells us had three Brothers Tâ—â—â—â—rne Leoline and Marius of whom Leoline married a Roman Lady and by her was Father to Maximus who was brought up in Spain where by what means soever it came to pass he fell into such despicable Poverty that Latinus Paratus the Panegyrist terms him Patris incertum a man whose Father was unknown Ft mensularum servilium Statarium lixam A standing Drudge to Servants Tables and Ausmius calls him Armigerum lixam An Army-Drudge yet afterwards by his valour he rose to great preferment and wanted not the sprit to challenge Kindred with the Emperour Theodesius which in all likelihood he could not have had the impudence to have done if his Parentage had been so very base as some would imply The Panegyrist calls him an Exile from the world not because he was banished hither but for the same reason that he calls all the Britans so because they were secluded by the Sea from the greater World It seems he commanded here in chief after Civilis and Dulcitius and Fraomarius and overcame Conan Mertadoc forcing him and his partakers to sly to the Scots who had newly seized upon part of Albania They by entertaining the vanquished Britans drew upon themselves a dangerous
healed and in the stead of it there ensued in the year four hundred forty seven such a fertility and abundant plenty as had never been remembred in any age before which was abused to all kinds of riot and luxury which was attended with exorbitant licentiousness and all manner of vice not only among the Latty but among many of the Clergy too And to fill up the measure of their Guilt Pelagianisme enters upon the Stage again to repell which those of the British Clergy who retained their integrity and care of the Church once more implored Bishop German's help who though Lupus was yet alive and lived long after taking with him Severus Bishop of Triers a man eminent for his piety who had been Lupus his Disciple came over hither in the year for hundred forty eight and assembling a Council in Siluria there confuted the Heretical Teachers who were straight adjudged to Banishment and delivered up into the hands of German In the next place he sharply reproved Vortigern for his incestuous marriage with his own Daughter by whom he had a Son named Faustus whom the impudent Mother her self was not ashamed to present to the grave Bishop in the face of the whole Convention Vortigerne taking offence at the Bishop's plain dealing with him left the Council in a rage having let flee slanderous speeches against that holy man but his Eldest Son Vortimer a Prince of another temper stayed behind and gave the Land for ever to German wherein he had suffered so reproachful an abuse whereupon that part of the countrey was named Guarthenion which in English signifies A Slander justly retorted and retorted it was for here was the Tyrant for his Enormities Excommunicated The place is now called Gurthrenion in Radnorshire In this Council it is said that the Son of one Elaphius who was seized with a strange lameness in the very flower of his youth was miraculously cured and restored to the use of his limbs by German who taking with him the forementioned Pelagian Sticklers returned into Gaul and there disposed of them in such place where they could not infect others and were themselves under cure of better instruction At his return the Armorican Britans made an address to him upon this occasion The Britans as I said before were settled in Armorica whereof they possessed the greater part the rest lying to the River Loire being still held by the Romans and a little before this time governed by one Exuperantius at first they lived under the government of the Empire though Conan Meriadoc and his Son Grallon did by permission carry some shew of Authority among them But in the last Constantine's time they as I said before cast off all subjection to the Romans and Salomon Conan's Grandson governed them as an absolute King Aetius desirous to reduce them employes Eucharicus King of the Almans against them whereupon they request German to mediate for them and procure a peace which he undertakes and treats with Eucharicus who refers the matter to Aetius and Aetius to the Emperour Valentinian then residing at Ravenna The good Bishop though very aged takes a journey thither where he is honourably received by the Emperour and his Mother Placidia and had certainly prevailed in his suit if the Armoricans had not upon some occasion or advantage raised new stirs and thereby made the difference wider Here German dies and his body being embalmed was with a noble Attendance carried back into Gaul and with great solemnity enterred at Auxerre In the mean time the Britans here proceeding in their courses of Impiety are allarmed with a dreadful report of their old Enemies coming on afresh with full purpose to seize and possess the whole Island from one end to the other And to add to the terrour at the same time the Pestilence breaks out so violently and destroys such multitudes that there were scarcely enough living left to bury the dead All this while King Vortigern whom Blandus calls Vertigerius Paulus Diaconus Vertegernus Pomponius Laetus and Stephanus Pighius Vertigomarus and Wernerus Laerius Vortigonus lay buried in voluptuousness and sensuality till at length excited by the peoples clamours he summons a Council by whose advice this Proud unlucky Tyrant as Gildas terms him resolves upon a desperate Remedy for a desperate Disease and decrees That the English Saxons shall be invited to accept of Seats in some part of the Island and to sight for them which made Gildas cry out Oh the most palpable darkness of their Senses Oh desperate and blockish dulness of their Minds Those whom in their absence they dreaded more than Death it self were now freely and willingly invited to inhabit with them under the roof as I may call it of one self same House by the foolish Princes of Taneos giving indiscreet counsel unto Pharaoh Yet there are some who look upon this Design as not so very unpolitick however it proved unsuccessful since by this means at one time the Northern Enemies might be kept out and the British Shores eased of the Saxons frequent depredations and preserved from the inroads of others of the same countrey of Germany and the same Piratick Trade Besides which Vortigern might have another reason in reference to his own particular namely that he might be sure of their assistance in case the Britans at any time disliking his Government should go about to bring in and enthrone Aurelianus Ambrosius Constantine's Son then living with great reputation in Armorica of whom as Nennius saith he stood in continual fear Upon this invitation in the year four hundred forty nine which was the fourth year of Vortigern's Reign Theodosius the younger and Valentinian the third being then Emperours Asterius and Protogenes Consuls the English Saxons entred this Land who laid the Foundation of the Famous English Monarchy which hath here flourished by Gods mercy ever since its first erecting and may I trust by the same mercy continue flourishing to the end of the World FINIS The Kings of the Britains from Beli Maur to Vortigern BEli Maur. Immanuence Lhud Caswallan Teneufan Cunobeline Guiderius Togodumnus Caradoc Arviragus Venutius Marius or Meurig Coel. Lhés Lever Maur. Fulgen. Argetocox Coel. Traherne Eucthaef Deonot Father toVrsula Cuneda Father to Guen the Mother of Igren Arthur 's Mother Vortigern Archbishops of York FAganus Theodosius Socrates Roman Governours of Britain and Usurpers AVlus Plautius Ostorius Scapula Avitus Didius Gallus Veranius Paulinus Suetonius Petronius Turpilianus Trebellius Maximus Vectius Bolanus Petilius Cerealis Julius Frontinus Julius Agricola Salustins Lucullus Cnaeus Trebellius Julius Severus Priscus Licinius Lollius Vrbicus Calpurnius Agricola Vlpius Marcellus Helvius Pertinax Clodius Albinus Usurper Virius Lupus Nonius Philippus Posthumus Usurper Lollianus Usurper Victorinus Usurper Marius Usurper Tetricus Usurper Eborius Fastidius Samson Piranus Thadiocus Archbishops of London THeon Elvan Cadoc or Cador. Owen Conan Paludius or Palladius Stephen Augulius Iltutus or Restitutus Thedwin Thedred Hilary Guiteline or Gosseline Vodine Theon Bonosus and Proculus