the Hemorrhoids A. D. 1154. and was buried at Feversham in Kent He had Issue Baldwin Eustace William Issue Maud Mary HENRY the Second Plantaginet the A. D. 1154. Son of Maud and Earl Geoffrey of Anjou was Crowned at Westminster This King went in Person against Lord Hugh de Mortimer and other Rebels where in the Siege of Bridgenorth he had been shot with an Arrow had not Hubert de St. An Example of true Loyalty Clare interposed and took the Arrow in his own bosom Tho. Becket Arch-Bishop of Canterbury made great disturbances in this Kings Reign he was at last murdered in the Cathedral at Canterbury and this was his Epitaph Quis moritur Praesul Cur Pro grege Qualiter Ense Quando Natali Quis locus Ara Dei. This King effected the Conquest of Ireland Ireland conquered and reformed the Irish Church This Kings Queen Eleanor and his Sons rose in Rebellions against him and were assisted by the French and Scotch Kings but he overcame them all He died in the Church at Chinon A. D. His Death 1189. and was buried at Font Everard His Issue were William Henry Richard Issue Jeoffrey Philip John Maud and Eleanor He had to his Concubine fair Rosamond Rosamond who was poisoned by the Queen in her Labyrinth at Woodstock which the King had built for her She had this Epitaph upon her Tomb Hic jacet in Tumba Rosamundi non rosa munda Non redolet sed olet quae redolere solet King Henry divided England into Circuits England divided into Circuits appointing that two of his Judges should twice in a year in each Circuit administer Justice In the beginning of his Reign one Nicholas An English man elected Pope Breakspear an English-man was elected Pope by the name of Adrian the IV. RICHARD from his exceeding Valour A. D. 1189. sirnamed Coeur de Lion was Crowned at Westminster He spent great time in the Wars at the Holy Land where he did many noble exploits and as he was going conquered Cyprus where he solemnly took to Wife his beloved Lady Berengaria He died of the wound of an Arrow received His Death at the Siege of the Castle of Chaluz belonging to the Viscount of Limoges April 6th 1199. and was buried at Charron In the first year of his Reign he appointed First Lord Mayor Henry Fitz-Alwin to be the first Lord Mayor of London being formerly governed by Portgraves Now lived Robin Hood and Little John JOHN by the assistance of his Mother A. D. 1199. Eleanor was by the great Council of the Realm admitted King and was Crowned at Westminster His Reign throughout was attended with great Troubles either with the King of France Scotland or by Rebellion of his own Subjects He was at last poisoned at Swinshed Abbey His Death by an envenomed Cup presented to him by a Monk tasting first thereof himself so becoming the wicked Instrument of his own and Sovereign's death Octob. 19. 1216. He was buried at Worcester His Issue were Henry Richard Joan Issue Eleanor and Isabel. Now lived one Simon Thurvey who for Example his Pride in Learning especially for his Blasphemies against Moses and Christ became so utterly ignorant that he could hardly read a letter in a Book HENRY the Third at about ten years A. D. 1216. of Age was Crowned King the ninth day after his Father King John's decease The Noble Earl of Pembroke being by common consent of Peers and Prelates constituted Guardian of him during his Non-age This King was almost always at dissension His Troubles with his Barons He lost all his Rights beyond the Seas to His Losses the French King There were now at Oxford 15000 Students The number of S tudents now at Oxford whose names were in the Metriculation Book After he had gone through very many troubles he fell grievously sick at the Abbey of St. Edmund in Suffolk and there died His De ath and Issue A. D. 1272. whose Issue was Edward Edmund Richard John William Henry Margaret Beatrice and Catharine Richard Beor then Bishop of Sarum The bu ilding of Salisbury Châ—â—rch built that stately Church at Salisbury which hath in it as many Windows as are days in the year as many Marble Pillars as hours as many Doors as Months Magna Charta containing the sum of Magna charâ—â— first instituted all the written Laws of England was ordained in the ninth year of his Reign EDWARD the First sirnamed Longshanks A. D. 1272. at his Fathers Death was employed in the Holy Wars where he behaved himself very valiantly He grieved much at his Fathers death At his arrival into England he was most joyfully welcomed and with his dearest Eleanor was Crowned at Westminster The first of this Kings exploits was the Wales subdued subduing of Wales and made his Son Edward born at Caernarvan Prince thereof He was mighty indeâ—â—tigable and successful in all his exploits He brought Scotland Scotland subjected wholly in subjection and was ever very well beloved of his Subjects This Heroick King died of a Dysentery His. Death at Burgh upon Sands A. D. 1307. and was buried at Westminster His Issue were John Henry Alphonso Issue who died before him Edward Thomas Edmund and ten Daughters EDWARD called Caernarvan so soon A. D. 1307. as his Father was dead repealed Pierce Gaveston who in his Fathers time for abusing the Prince's years with wicked vanities by common Decree was banished He sailed into France where at Bolein he was married to young Isabella Daughter to Philip the Fair. This Gaveston forementioned caused many His Dissensions with the Death of Gaveston dissensions being a very debauched man and the King wholly ruled by him He was thrice banished by Parliament the King still re-calling him but at last was Beheaded at Warwick Castle by Guy Earl of Warwick as an open Traytor to the Kingdom which caused a lasting hatred between the King and Nobles This opportunity Bruce King of Scotland took to set his Kingdom at liberty and at Bannoxburn gave King Edward the greatest overthrow that ever they gave the English and gained great spoils the English The English beaten by the Scots coming as for a Triumph having adorned themselves with all sorts of riches whereon the Scots made these Rhymes Long Beards heartless painted Hoods witless Gay Coats graceless make England thriftless Then in Pierce Gaveston's place the King advanced the Spencers Father and Son The Spencers advanced whose intolerable insolences seemed to exceed the others and caused more Civil Dissensions and Civil Wars in which One Earl and fourteen Lords suffered death After which the Spencers behaved themselves so exceeding Lordly that the Queen and discontented Nobles resolve to clear the World of them and the King found but few Friends because of the Mortal hatred that the People generally did bear to the Spencers so that his
part proving the weaker Spencer the elder was taken at the Siege of Bristol and there cut up alive and quartered The younger was taken with The death of the Spencers the King at the Abby of Neath in Wales which Spencer was ignominiously hanged The distressed King being now shut up in Prison at last yielded to resign the Crown The resignation of his Crown to his Son Edward whereupon Sir William Trussel in behalf of the whole Realm renounc'd all Allegiance to him A. D. 1327. His Issue were Edward John Joan and His Issue Eleanor EDWARD the Third was Crowned A. D. 1327. upon Candlemas-day Soon after Tho. de Gourney and John Mattrevers conveyed the old King from Kenelworth to Berkley Castle and there Murdered him by running a Death of Edward the Second burning Spit into his Body as he was easing Nature Sept. 22. 1327. His Body was buried at Gloucester To animate these Regicides Adam de Torleton Bishop of Hereford sent them this ambiguous Phrase by Mortimer Edwardum occidere nolite timere bonum est This King made Edw. Baliol King of Scots who did him Homage In the year 1327. died Charles the Fair King of France by whose death the Crown Edward the Third his Title to France devolved to Edward King of England in right of his Mother Queen Isabel who was Daughter to Philip the Fair and Sister to Charles the Fair. But the French pretending a Fundamental Law by which no Woman was inheritable to France sought to debar King Edward of his right receiving to the Crown Philip of Valois whose Father was younger Brother to Philip the Fair advancing the Brothers Son before the Daughters Son Whereupon King Edward went into France with a puissant Army His Expedition for his Right in France and over-ran all places in his way at last the French Army met him at Cressy in Ponthio lying between the Rivers of Some and Anthy being above 100000 men A bloody Fight ensued where the Black Prince King Edward's Son without the help of the Battel wherein his Father was which stood idle won so great a Victory of the French A great Victory that they slew of their party 11 great Princes and of Barons Knights and men of Arms above 1500. and of the Commons about 30000. Of the English not one man of Note or Honour was slain The Scots taking this Opportunity in Scots invade England favour of the French invaded England but were soon stopt their King David taken Prisoner and their chiefest Nobles slain After the King had taken many great places in France at last there was a Peace concluded though it continued not long ere the French broke the Agreement In revenge whereof King Edward entred His second Journey into France France with an Army and spoiled it where he came and after his return home he bestowed the Dutchy of Aquitain on the Black Prince commanding him to defend his right The Prince furnished with a gallant Army went to the chief City Bourdeaux and John King of France encountred him with a great Army having the odds of six to one notwithstanding the Victorious Prince discomfited the French Another great Victory by the Black Prince took Prisoners the King and his youngest Son and many great Lords and about 2000 Knights Esquires and Gentlemen bearing Armories slew 52 Lords and 1700 Knights and Gentlemen besides common Soldiers 6000. Shortly after he return'd home with his Prisoner King John and a while after these Conditions were agreed The Agreement upon That King John and his Heirs should have the Crown of France and Dutchy of Normandy and King Edward and his Heirs Aquitain and Santain and King John pay for his Ransom 500000 l. Sterling Not long after this the Martial Prince The death of the Black Prince Edward died on Trinity Sunday 1376. about his age 46 and was buried at Canterbury And his Father died soon after at Shene in The Kings Death and Burial His Issue Surrey A. D. 1377. and was buried at Westminster His Issue were Edward the Black Prince William Lionel John of Gaunt Edmund William of Windsor Thomas Isabel Joan Blanch and Margaret He was the founder of the Noble Order The first Order of the Garter of the Garter so entituled from the Garter he took up of the Countess of Salisbury's which slipt off in a Dance Also in his First Justices of the Peace first year was the Original of Justices of the Peace RICHARD the Second the Son of A. D. 1377. the Black Prince was Crowned King in the eleventh year of his Age but ere the Crown was settled on his Head the French braved it on the English Coasts and the Scots set fire on the Tower of Roxborough and through want of care in such who had the charge of State-matters in the Kings behalf things were declined to a shameful change and the glorious Atchievements of the two late Edwards fell under an Eclipse Jack Straw and Wat Tyler caused Straw Tyler great Rebellions but were supprest at last King Richard married the Lady Ann His Marriage Daughter to the Emperour Charles the IV. and a Truce was concluded with France After a great many Troubles by Civil Wars and Dissensions he was caused to His resignation of the Crown resign the Crown to the Duke of Lancaster Queen Ann Wife to King Richard first Womens first riding on sidefaddles taught English Women to ride on side-saddles before they rode astride and long trainâ—â— Gowns for Women HENRY the Fourth the Son of John A. D. 1399. Duke of Lancaster the fourth Son of King Edward the Third was Crowned at Westminster All that the old King said was I look not after such things but my hope is that after all this my Cousin will be my good Lord and Friend Many did strive to re-place Richard but to no purpose Death of King Richard And he at last died at Pontfract Castle by Hunger Cold and great Torments and was buried at Langley in Hartford-shire There was a great many Conspiracies afterwards against King Henry but they all came off with the worst and the Plotters thereby only hastened their own ruin The King died at London A. D. His Death and Issue 1413. His Issue were Henry Thomas John Humphrey Blanch and Philippa HENRY the Fifth of Monmouth whilest A. D. 1413. he was Prince did many things very incongruous to the greatness of his Birth yet when he had attained the Crown to begin a good Government he began at home banishing from Court those unruly Youths that had been his Consorts He began his Reign in all things very advisedly He sent into France to demand his Right and the Dauphin in derision sent him a Ton of Paris Tennis Balls But the King returned for Answer that he would shortly send him London Balls which should shake Paris Walls And soon after went with an His
1189. Order of the Garter whence began from blue Ribbons that King Richard the I. gave to his Noblemen with an Oath to be true to him when he was going his Expedition into the holy Land When King Richard was in the holy A City that was built before theFlood Land he took particular care of Joppa and put a Colony in it of Christians for that it is a City of Palestine that was built before the Flood and hath belonging to it a Haven of great convenience After this Expedition of King Richard's Whence the Title of Kings of Jerusalem into the holy Land the Kings of England for a long time were styled Kings of Jerusalem A worthy Servant Once when the King was hawking in the holy Land he was set upon by several Turks and had not escaped but that one of his Servants named William de Batrellis cryed out in the Saracen Tongue That himself was King and so to save his King let himself be taken King Richard sitting once at Dinner in His strange haste to relieve Vernoil his little Hall was advertised that King Philip had besieged Vernoil He was so moved at it that he presently caused 〈◊〉 Wallbefore him to be beat down and swore a great Oath that he would not turn his face until he were revenged Thus in haste he goes to Vernoil whither he was no sooner come but the King of France made as much haste to be gone not without some loss and more disgrace In this Time there was a Trouble at Robin Hood and little John home though not to the King yet to the Kingdom For Robin Hood accompanied with one little John and a 100 stout Fellows more molested all Passengers upon the High-way of some it is said that he was of noble Blood at least made noble no less than an Earl for some deserving Services but having wasted his Estate in riotous Courses very Penury forced him to take this course in which yet it may be said that he was honestly dishonest for he seldom hurt any Man never any Woman spared the Poor and only made prey of the Rich till the King setting forth a Proclamation to have him apprehended it hapned he fell sick at a certain Nunnery in Yorkshire called Berkleys and desiring there to be let Blood was betrayed and bled to death This King granted the City of London to Mayor and Sheriffs first of London be governed by two Sheriffs and a Mayor as now it is and to give the first of these Magistrates the Honour to be remembred The Names of the Sheriffs were Henry Cornhill and Roger Reyner and the Name of the first Lord Mayor was Henry Fitz-Alwin who continued Mayor during his Life which was 24 years Fabian only says these were Bayliffs and that there was no Mayor or Sheriffs of London till the 10th year of King John A certain Priest told King Richard that King Richard's Daughters how disposed he had three Daughters viz. Pride Covetousness and Leachery which the King taking merrily called the Company about him and said I am told by a Priest here that I have three Daughters and I desire you to be witness how I would have them bestowed My Daughter Pride upon the Templers and Hospitalers my Daughter Covetousness upon the Monks of the Cistercian Order and my Daughter Leachery upon the Clergy NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King JOHN ABout this Time William King of Scots A. D. 1199. came to London to visit King John William King of Scots did Homage to King John and there did Homage to him for his Kingdom of Scotland though some say but only for the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland King John divorced his Wife Avis for King John divorceth his Wife being akin to him in the 3d. degree and marries another This King being at variance with his Nobles they sent to Lewis the French King's Son to head them who came over and was kindly received at London This King made very hard Taxations of Barbarous Cruelty all Persons especially of the Jews amongst whom there was one that would not be ransomed till the King caused every day one of his great Teeth to be pulled out by the space of seven days and then he was content to give the King 10000 Marks of Silver not to pull the other out having but one left King John was the first that caused Sterling Sterling Money Money to be coyned In his Time the English Laws were first Laws first in Ireland planted in Ireland and he enlarged the Royal Style with the Title of Lord of Ireland This King surrendred his Crown to Pandulphus King John surrendred his Crown to the Pope the Pope's Legate to be disposed of as the Pope should think fit Pandulphus kept the Crown several days before he restored it and did not then but upon condition that he and his Successors should hold the Kingdom of the See of Rome at the annual Tribute of a 1000 Marks About this Time the Kingdom was interdicted The Kingdom interdicted by the Pope for six years in which Time there was no publick Exercise of Religion no Churches open nor no Sacrament administred The Later an Council was now held under Auricular Confession and Transubstantiation Pope Innocent the III. in which was established the Pope's Power over Princes and in Matters of Faith Auricular Confession and Transubstantiation In this King's Time the Stone-Bridge of London-Bridge finished London was finished by the Merchants By this King 35 of the most substantial Common-Council-men first in London Citizens of London were chosen out for the Common-Council of the City In this King's Time were great Thunders and Lightnings and Showers with Hail-stones as big as Eggs Fishes taken armed with Helmets and Shields like Knights but much greater in proportion In Suffolk a Fish was taken that was like a Man Simon Turvey a wonderful Scholar both A learned Man becamâ—â— an Ideot for Parts and Reading became so dull that he could scarce read it was thought a Judgment upon him for his Pride in Learning NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King HENRY the Third KIng Henry the III confirmed the Charters A. D. 1216. Charters confirmed of Magna Charta and Charta de Forestis granted by King John This King keeping his Christmas at York A bountiful Feast the Marriage was solemnized between Alexander King of Scots and Margaret his Daughter to the Feast of which Solemnity it is said the Archbishop gave 600 fat Oxen which were all spent at one Meal and besides the Feast cost him 4000 Marks This King's Son Edward marrying Eleanor Prince of Wales whence first the King of Spain's eldest Daughter was invested by his Father with the Dukedom of Aquitain Ireland Wales Bristow Stamford and Grantham and from hencesorward the King 's eldest Son was immediately upon his Birth Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester This King
where a lesser degree is conferred on a Person of a 〈◊〉 there needs nothing but meer Patent without any Ceremony of Creation Of the Archbishop HE is so highly honoured that he is made the first Peer of the Realm next to the Royal Family and precedes all Dukes not of the Blood The Coronation of the King belongs to His Prerogative him He hath the Prerogative to consecrate all Bishops and besides these great Priviledges has very many more The Archbishop of York takes place next him and hath many of the same Priviledges He hath the Priviledge of crowning the Queen and he is styled Primate of England as the other is styled Primate of all England The Prince THE next and first immediately subordinate to the Crown amongst these radiant Stars is The Prince though in England only is the Prince of Wales the first born of the King And unless he were King 't is unpossible HisPriviledges he should enjoy more Priviledges for it is high-Treason to imagine the Death of his Person as also to vâ—â—olate his Wife He doth only acknowledge a Reverence His Motto not only as to a Father but Sovereign and to that purpose continues that Motto which the Black Prince took up Ick dien I serve The first that we read of in England The first in England was Edward eldest Son to Henry the 3d. and after him the eldest Son of the King hath been ever by Patent and Ceremonies of Instalment created Prince of Wales Earl of Chester and Flint being born Duke of Cornwal Of these Titles the Duke Marquess Princely Titles and Earl are esteemed Princely especially the two last These also are allow'd to hear their Crests with Helmets the Bever directly forward whereas a Gentleman Knight and Baron bear them with half the Bever seen The King THE King is the next and in our Nations the highest being subordinate to no sublunary Power as those of Spain Portugal and other Kingdoms of Europe and other Parts of the World are He is the true Fountain from whence all these Rivulets and swelling Streams of Honour spring He is God's Vicegerent and to be obeyed accordingly both in Church and State good he is a Blessing if bad a 〈◊〉 The Ceremonies at his Coronation are Ceremonies at his Coronation any and in England more than any other ountreys as the anointing with Oyl 〈◊〉 sacred Consecration and his Crown 〈◊〉 on his Head with many religious 〈◊〉 Besides the Ensigns of Regality 〈◊〉 are A Ring to signifie his 〈◊〉 a Bracelet for good Works a 〈◊〉 for Justice a Sword for 〈◊〉 purple Robes to attract Reverence and a Diadem triumphant to blazon his Glory Of Women ALthough Women are not allowed to sit in Parliament yet do they enjoy 〈◊〉 all the Priviledges due to the other Sex The Honourable feminine Dignities are Dignities Princess Dutchess Marchioness Countess Vicountess and Baroness which are either by Creation by Descent or by Marriage By Creation it is very rare though we By Creation have had several Examples of it By Descent we have continual Examples By Descent When any Daughter of an Earl or Vicount shall continue a Virgin or marry an Esquire she shall retain that Honour that springs from her Father's Blood take Place accordingly and be saluted by the Title of Lady The Heirs females of any Count or â—â—icount shall enjoy both the Estate divided and Titles too if they be to be divided and they shall be enjoyed by their Husbands if they marry in the right of their Wives A Woman who received Honour by a By Marriage former Husband if she then marry an ignoble Person her Honours are 〈◊〉 And thus much of Honour Precedence amongst the Peers of England IT is to be observed That after the Kings and Princes of the Blood viz. the Sons Grandsons Brothers Uncles or Nephews of the King and no farther Dukes amongst the Nobility have the firs Place then Marquesses Dukes eldest Sons Earls Marquesses eldest Sons Dukes younger Sons Vicounts Earls eldest Sons Marquesses younger Sons Barons Vicounts eldest Sons Earls younger Sons Barons eldest Sons Vicounts younger Sons Barons younger Sons the younger Sons of Vicounts and Barons shall yield precedence to all Bannerets and Knights of the Garter quatenus tales c. FINIS
he were removed from Land to Sea and from Sea again to Land yet the Mice still followed him and at last devoured him In William the Conqueror's Time a private A brave Souldier Norwegian Souldier alone upon a Bridge resisted the whole Army of the English slew 40 and maintained the Place for several hours till one getting under the Bridge found means to thrust up a Spear into his Body and killed him Till the Time of Malcolme King of Scots A Scots Custom who was Co-temporary with William the 2d of England it was the custom among the Scots that when any Man married his Lord should lye the first night with his Wife This Law was abrogated by Margaret then Queen and was altered to a payment in Money Westminster-Hall was built by King William Westminster-Hall built the II. being 270 Foot long and 74 broad The High Court of Parliament was first First Parliament instituted by Henry the I. And in his Time the Order of the Templers Order of Templers began In this King's Time the Archbishop of A worthy Bishop York being desperate sick was told that nothing would cure him but to lye with a Woman but he answered That the Remedy was worse than the Disease and so died a Virgin In the Time of Henry the I. the River Thames almost dry Thames was so low that between the Tower and the Bridge men walked over on foot for the space of two days At this time in Lombardy there was an A strange Earthquake Earthquake that continued 40 days and removed Towns and Houses far from their former residence Raynerus a wicked Minister in the Reign of King Stephen going over Sea with his Wife the Ship in the midst of the Sea stood still and could not be moved till he was cast out of it In this King's Time lived Johannes de An old Man Temporibus of whom it is recorded that he lived 361 years Ireland first submitted it self to Henry the First Lord of Ireland II. who was first Lord thereof In this King's days in the Territory of Hell Kettles Derlington in the Bishoprick of Durham the Earth lifted up her self in the manner of a high Tower and so continued all day being Christmas-day and at night fell with a most horrible noise and the Earth swallowed it up that the Holes are to be seen at this day and are called by the Name of Hell Kettles At this time near Orford in Suffolk was taken a Fish that had the shape of a Man in all parts King Henry the II. caused his Son Henry King Henry causes his Son to be Crowned to be Crowned in his Time and carried the first Dish to the Table whereupon the Archbishop Roger said merrily to the new King What a wonderful Honour is this to have so noble a Waiter Why saith he what great Honour is it for him that is but the Son of a Duke to do service to me that am the Son of a King and Queen King Lewis now of France did the like by his Son Henry the II. was so troubled for the loss King Henry's Blasphemy of Mentz that he said He should never hereafter love God any more that had suffered a City so dear unto him to be taken from him It is memorable and worth observing A wonderful Accident of Thunder That when Philip King of France and King Henry had a Meeting between Turwyn and Arras for reconciling of Differences there suddenly hapned a Thunderbolt to light just between them with so terrible a crack that it forced them for that time to break off their Conference And afterward at another Meeting the like Accident of Thunder hapned again which so amazed King Henry that he had fallen off his Horse if he had not been supported by those about him Robert Fitz-Stephen was the first of all Ireland first entred by the English Englishmen after the Conquest that entred Ireland the first day of May in the year 1170 with 390 men and there took Wexford in the behalf of Derâ—â—tius Son of Merclerdach called Mac Murg King of Leymster In September following Richard Earl of Chepstow sirnamed Strongbow sailed into Ireland with 1200 men where he took Waterford and Dublin and married Eve the Daughter of Dernutius as he was promised From these beginnings King Henry being The Irish submit to King Henry then at rest from all hostile Arms both at home and abroad takes into his consideration the Kingdom of Ireland as a Kingdom which oftentimes afforded assistance to France and therefore purposing with himself by all means to subdue it he provides a mighty Army but to little purpose for without any Action the Irish soon submitted to him all but Roderick King of Connaght who then stood out But after some time he also submitted and all the Irish together with the Popes have agreed that King Henry and his Heirs shall be their King This King left behind him in his Coffers Henry the II. his Riches 900000 l. besides Plate and Jewels In his 21st year he divided England into Beginning of the Law Cirâ—â—uits Circuits and appointed Judges three for every Circuit to go twice a year to hear and determine Causes between Man and Man 'T is for certain said That some Persons Children born with Horses Tails cutting off the Horses Tails of Becket Archbishop of Canterbury their Children for several Generations were born with Horses Tails In this King's Time there was contention Superiority in the Archbishopricks for Superiority in the two Archbishopricks and the Pope gave it to Canterbury In this King's Reign there were two Two Popes at once Popes at once who continued for almost 20 years In this Time a Bond-man of Langley in A Bond-man came to be Pope Hertfordshire came to be Pope by the Name of Adrian the IV. This King began the Foundation of the London-Bridg Stone-Bridge over Thames In the 11th year of this King's Reign A greatEarthquake there was so great an Earthquake in Ely and Norfolk and Suffolk that it overthrew those that stood on their feet and made the Bells to ring in the Steeples In the 23d year a showr of Blood reigned A showr of Blood in the Isle of Wight for two hours together Morgan base Son to this King rather An Honour to be a King's Bastard than disown his Father and be a true Son accounted of a Knight refused the Bishoprick of Durham As King Henry was carried to be buried his Son Richard coming near the Corps it fell a bleeding at the Nose afresh There was a Princess in the Family of A wonderful Sorceress Anjou Ancestors to this King who being desired to take the blessed Eucharist she suddenly flew out at the Church-window and was never seen after NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King RICHARD the First 'T IS thought that the Order of the Garter A. D.
at the Siege of Guns first used Callice first made use of Guns About this Time Philip King of France First Daulphin of France died leaving his Son John to succeed him in the beginning of whose Reign Humbert Prince of Daulphin dying without Issue made him his Heir and thereupon Charles King John's Son was made first Daulphin of France Sir John Midsterworth Knight about this Defrauding Souldiers punished Time was hanged drawn and quartered at Tyburn for Treason by him committed in defrauding Souldiers of their Wages There was an Offer made to King Edward The Value of Callice to leave him 1400 Towns and 3000 Fortresses in Aquitain upon condition he would render Callice and what he held in Picardy In the 45th year of this King in a Parliament The Clergy grant a Tax at Westminster the Clergy granted him 50000 l. to be paid the same year and the Laity as much which was levied by setting a certain rate of 5 l. 15 s. upon every Parish which were found in the 37 Shires to be eight thousand six hundred Some say this King instituted the Order Knight of the Garter first of Knight of the Garter This King caused all Pleas in Law Law first pleaded in English which were before in French now to be made in English that the Subject might understand the course of the Law In this Time at the instance of the Londoners Apparel for Whores an Act was made That no common Whore should wear any Hood except striped with divers colours nor Furs but Garments reversed the wrong side outwards This King also was the first that created Dukes first created Dukes of whom Henry of Bullingbrook Earl of Lancaster created Duke of Lancaster in the 27th year of his Reign was the first but afterward he erected Cornwal into a Dutchy and conferred it upon the Prince after which Time the King 's eldest Son used always to be Prince of Wales Duke of Cornwal and Earl of Chester In the 22d year of his Reign a contagious A wonderful Pestilence Pestilence arose in the East and South Parts of the World and spread it self all over Christendom and coming at last into England it so wasted the People that scarce the 10th Person of all sorts were left alive There died in London some say in Norwich between the 1st of January and the 1st of July 57374 Persons In Yarmouth in one year 7052 Men and Women before which Time the Parsonage there was worth 700 Marks a year and afterwards was scarce worth 40 l. a year This Plague began in London about Alhollantide in the year 1348 and continued till the year 1357 where it was observed that those who were born after the beginning Decrease of Teeth in men of this Mortality had but twenty eight Teeth whereas before they had two and thirty In this King's Time a Frost lasted from A great 〈◊〉 the midst of September to the Month of April In the 11th year of his Reign there was Plenty of all things so great Plenty that a quarter of Wheat was sold at London for two Shillings a fat Ox for a Noble a fat Sheep for Six-pence five Pidgeons for a penny a fat Goose for Two-pence a Pig for a penny and other things after that rate In this King's Time lived the so much Chaucer famed Sir Geoffry Chaucer the famous English Poet. NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King RICHARD the II. IN the beginning of this King's Reign A. D. 1377. A noble Act of a Citizen of London one Mercer a Scottish Pirat committing many Outrages upon the Seas against the English Merchants a Citizen of London one John Philpot at his own Charges set forth a Fleet and in his own Person encountring Mercer took him and all his Ships About this Time one Sir John Annesley A Combat between Katrington and Annesley Knight accused Thomas Katrington Esq for betraying the Fortress of St. Saviour to the French which Katrington denying at the suit of Annesley a solemn Combat is permitted to be between them at which Combat the King and all the great Lords were present The Esq Katrington was a man of a mighty stature the Knight Annesley a little man yet through the justness of his Cause after a long Fight the Knight prevailed and Katrington the day after the Combat died After the Rebellion of Wat Tyler and 〈◊〉 executed for Treason Jack Straw in this King's Time Sir Robert Tresilian Lord Chief Justice being appointed to sit in Judgment against the Offenders 1500 being found guilty were all executed The manner of Knighting in these days Manner of Knighting thus They caused him to put a Basenet upon his Head and then the King with a Sword in both his Hands struck him strongly upon the Neck This King added the Dagger to the Arms of London This King for a considerable time kept the Great Seal in his own hands The French in this King's Time designing The French prepare a Navy of 1287 Ships to invade England presuming no less than to make a Conquest of it prepared 1287 Ships but the Attempt as it was impertinent signified nothing A Parliament in this King's Time declared The King obliged to attend the Parliament to the King That by an old Ordinance it was enacted that if the King should absent himself 40 days not being sick from his Parliament the Houses might lawfully break up and return home This King being at dissention with his Lords could procure none to fight against them 'T is almost wonderful what is related of A strange Accident in a Family the Family of the Hastings Earls of Pembroke that for many Generations the Sons never saw the Fathers the Fathers being always dead before the Sons were born In this King 's 13th year a Royal Just A noble Justing was proclaimed to be holden within Smithfield in London which being published many Strangers came hither of the most noble Families of Europe At the day appointed there issued out of the Tower about three a Clock in the afternoon 60 Coursers apparelled for the Justs and upon every one an Esquire of Honour riding a soft pace after them came forth almost 40 Ladies of Honour mounted on Palfreys and every Lady led a Knight with a Chain ofGold and so they came riding through the Streets of London to Smithfield where the Just held 24 days At this Time in a Parliament the Duke A Bastard legitimated by Parliament of Lancaster caused to be legitimated the Issue he had by Catharine Swinford before he married her of whom Thomas Beaufort was created Earl of Somerset In a Parliament about this Time the What Articles first to be handled in Parliament Judges gave their opinions that when Articles are propounded by the King to be handled in Parliament if other Articles be handled before those are determined that it is Treason in them that do it A
are called White-spurs His paternal Coat is also bettered and the eldest Son of that Coat-Armour is ever an Esquire Esquires by Birth are the younger Sons By Birth of the Nobility as of Earls Viscounts and Barons and the eldest Sons of Knights their eldest Sons successively Those by Office are the Serjeants at By Office Law Sheriffs Escheators the Serjeant of every Office in the Court but these Dignities die with themselves and their Offices Of Knighthood in general and of the Knight-Batchelor OF the Distinctions by Knighthood Distinctions of Knights there are many in other Parts of the World but in England only these Knights-Batchelors Knights of the Bath Knights-Bannerets Knights-Baronets and Knights of the Garter This Titlâ—â— coming to be a Reward 〈◊〉 Degree of Honour is thought to be in imitation of the Equestris Order in Rome to which men were only advanced for extraordinary Vertue and notable Merit who only were admitted to beautifie the Caparisons of their Horses and their Armour with Gold from whence they were called Equites aurati The usual Ceremony of late in Dubbing The Ceremony in Dubbing a Knight is a stroke over the Shoulder with a Sword with these words Sois Chivaler 〈◊〉 nom de Dieu by the King or some by his Commission though the Spur hath lately been observed also Landfrank Archbishop of Canterbury made William the 2d a Knight in his Fathers Time but the Name of Batchelor Knight Batchelors when first added to it seems not to have been till the 33d of Henry the 3d. Of the Knight of the Bath IT is ever to be observed that when the word Knight is found without any addition of Distinction it is meant by the Knight-Batchelor Of the Order of the Bath the first that are taken notice of is in Froissart who gives an account of 46 When first made by Henry the 4th but Mr. Selden is of an opinion they were long before The Honour is invested with a great deal of noble Ceremony too tedious to insert They are distinguished ordinarily by the Their Distinction 〈◊〉 of a red Ribbon cross the left 〈◊〉 as Knights of the Garter by the 〈◊〉 and have this Priviledge above all 〈◊〉 their Sons are free from Wardship Of Bannerets THIS was anciently an Order in France Manner of the Creation and except that in England they are not created by Patent nor the Title hereditary the same The Creation is almost the same with theirs by the solemn delivery of a Banner charged with the Arms of 〈◊〉 that is to be created and cutting off the end of a Pennon or Streamer to make it square into the shape of a Banner are called by some Equites vexilliarii This Knight is only made by the King By whom if present otherwise by the General only for his Deserts in the Field This Order was of so great estimation that divers Knights-Batchelors and Esquires served under them and by Decree of King James it is established That such as were made the King being personally present under his Standard displayed in an Army Royal in open War should take place before all Baronets Of Baronets THE Title of Baronet was erected by When first King James in the 9th year of his Reign He made divers on the 22d day of May the Proem or Argument being for to what end the propagating a Plantation in Ulster in Ireland to which the Aid of these Knights was ordain'd which was the Maintenance of 30 Souldiers in that Province for three years Their Titles were to descend to the Heirs male of their Body and to take place before all Knights-Batchelors Knights of the Bath and Knights Bannerets and that the Name of Baronet in all Writs Commissions and Styles should be added to his Sirname and that the addition of Sir should precede in all mentionings of his Name as the Title of Lady or Madam to the Wives of them and their Successors and that they should take place according to the date of their Patents inter se and so to their Successors They are created by Patent Of Barons THIS word Baron is most properly derived Whence from the word Baria in Greek which signifies Authoritas gravis This Honour of Baronage is of three The several kinds kinds By Tenure by Creation and by Writ Those by Tenure are Peers of the Land By Tenure and are the Barons spiritual Those by Writ are such as the King is By Writ pleased to summons to Parliament though but Gentlemen or Knights and is by some esteemed only temporary pro termino 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but this cannot be by reason of the great Ceremony at their Creation The Title is also allowed to be hereditary Since these two sorts of Barons in the Time of Richard the 2d hath another been established which is Barons by Patent and By Patent indeed more usual in our later Times than those by Writ Thus in case there want Heirs male it many times descends to the Heirs female though not to her Husband but to their Issue This Dignity though the youngest hath Priviledge also the Priviledges belonging to all the Lords of thâ—â— Parliament As first in all Tryals of criminal Causes he is tryed by the Bench of Peers who all give Verdict not upon theâ—â— Oaths but upon their Honour with a great many more Priviledges But note that Marquesses and Earls Sons their Fathers living have not these Priviledges A Baron must go after the Ancientry of His 〈◊〉 his Ancestors Creation and the Baroness his Wife must go after the same A Barons eldest Son shall have the Place of the Banneret their younger Sons precede Knights-Batchelors and their Daughters go according to their Fathers Creation The form of their Creation is too tedious Of a Bishop THEY are with us three ways Barons of the Realm By Writ by Patent and by Consecration They precede all under the degree of Viscount in the Parliament House always placed on the King's right Hand They cannot be indicted for any Crime without special licence from the King they have likewise very many Priviledges The Viscount THE word in Latin is Vice-comes and it is a degree between an Earl and Baron The Count or Earl HE is the same that in Germany they call Grave as Palsgrave Landgrave c. The Dignity is of divers kinds for an Earl acknowledging no Superior is equal to a Prince The Marquess THIS word Marquess at first was used Whence first to all Earls and Barons that were Lords Marchers or Lords of the Frontiers and came afterward into a special Dignity between that of Duke and Earl The Ceremony of Creation much the same with that of an Earl and the Title Hereditary Of the Duke 〈◊〉 is said to be called Duke à ducendo Whence so called from his leading an Army 〈◊〉 There is not any Creation required 〈◊〉 this Honour and note that in all 〈◊〉 degrees of Honour
first Christian King in the World After 500 years that the Romans had Romans Departure sway'd in Britain they took their final farewel of it A. D. 446. In this year the Saxons were call'd in under 450. the Conduct of Hengist and Horsa they came 9000. with their Wives and Children to assist the Britains against the Scots which succeeded Hengist afterwards inviting Vortigern a British King to a Feast marry'd his fair Daughter Rowenna to him Upon which Hengist aspired to make this Island his Inheritance sending for greater Forces over hither but by the Britains are defeated in three set Battels in the last whereof the Saxons were forced to flee England However by the Practices of Rowenna and relying on his Son Vortigern's Love Hengist once more comes over to England but pretends only to fetch away his Daughter and on pretence of friendly Conference appoints a Meeting on Salisbury-Plain The well-meaning Britains came unarmed according to Agreement but the fraudulent Saxons with Skeans under their Cassocks with which they set upon the Britains at a Watch-word killing 3 or as some say 500 of the Nobility taking the King Prisoner â—â—relius Ambrosius a Roman born but Aurelius Ambrosius well affected to the Britains arrives to their Relief To him succeeded Uter his Brother or Uter as others say a Britain sirnamed Pendragon from his Banner on which was a golden Dragon's Head which to this day in our English Camps is the imperial Standard To him succeeded his valiant Son Arthur King Arthur Amongst other famous Acts he instituted the Order of the Knights of the round Table to prevent Disputes of Precedence To him succeeded Constantine and then Constantine Aurelius Conanus Nephew to Arthur then Caractecus and then Cadwallar in whose Caractecus Cadwallar time the Doctrine of Mahomet was broached in the East a Famine happening that drove Cadwallar over to France to his Cousin Saxon Invasion Alan The Saxons taking advantage thereof came over in great swarms and possessed themselves of the whole Island The first Kingdom of the Saxons begun First by Hengist in the year 455 containing all Kent and continued 372 years during the Reign of 17 Kings The second Kingdom of the Heptarchy Heptarchy Second was of the South-Saxons begun by Ella in the year 488 containing ail Sufsex and continued 435 years under five Kings Reigns successive The third Kingdom of the Heptarchy Third was of the West-Saxons begun by Credric in the year 519. containing Cornwal Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hampshire Barkshire and continued 561 years during the Reigns of 19 Kings The fourth Kingdom of the Heptarchy Fourth was of the East-Saxons began by Erchenwyn in the year 527. containing Essex and Middlesex and continued 281 years during the Reigns of 14 Kings The fifth Kingdom was of Northumberland Fifth so called because it lay North of the River Humber began by Ella and Ina in the year 547. containing Yorkshire Durham Lancashire Westmorland Cumberland and Northumberland continued 370 years during the Reigns of 23 Kings The sixth Kingdom was of Mercia and Sixth began in Crida in the year 522. containing Huntington Rutland Lincoln Nottingham Warwickshire Leicestershire Northampton Derby Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Gloucestershire Staffordshire Buckinghamshire Bedfordshire Hartfordshire and continued 222 years during the Reigns of 20 Kings The seventh Kingdom was of the East-Angles Seventh and began by Uffa in the year 575. containing Suffolk Norfolk Cambridgshire and the Isle of Ely continued 353 years under the Reigns of 15 Kings The Saxon Kings striving with each other for Soveraignty gained upon each other till at last in the year 818. Ecbert King of the West-Saxons reduced them all under subjection causing all the South of This Isle first call'd England and why the Island to be call'd England according to the Angles from whom himself came after whom they were no longer properly call'd Saxon Kings but Kings of England Then ensued the Race of Saxon Kings who reigned sole Kings of this Island The first Danes first invade England whereof was Egbert the second Ethelwolph the third Ethelbald the fourth Ethelbert in whose time the Danes first invaded England Ethelbald marry'd Judith incestuously the Widow of his Father from this Judith afterwards marry'd to the Earl of Flanders after divers Descents came Maud the Wife of William the Conqueror from whom are descended all our English Kings ever since Oswald's-tree in Shropshire was so called Oswald's-tree whence named from Oswald a very godly Christian King who reigned the fifth over the Deira A. D. 633. and was there slain by Penda King of Mercia who tore his Body piece-meal This Oswald being at Dinner upon Easter-day His Charity to the Poor hearing of a great company of Poor in the Street that asked Alms of him he commanded the Meat prepared for his own Table to be carried to them and brake a silver Platter to pieces and sent it amongst them An. Dom. 636. Honorius Archbishop of England divided into Parishes Canterbury first divided England into Parishes A. D. 866. the Danes made the first great The Danes invade England Invasion of England under the Command of those cruel Captains Inguar and Habba who burnt down the City of York and at last kill'd King Ethelred in a pitcht Battel who was then King of England It is said that King Elfred of England 872. The University of Oxford founded A. D. 872. founded the University of Oxford and therein University-Colledge Baliol Colledge was founded by John Baliol King of the Scots A. D. 1263. Merton Colledge by Walter de Merton Bishop of Rochester 1274. Exeter Colledge by Stapleton Bishop of Exeter 1316. Oriel Colledge by King Edward the II. 1327. Queens Colledge by Eglesfield Chaplain to Queen Philip Wife to Edward the III. 1340. New Colledge by William of Wickam Bishop of Winchester 1379. Lincoln Colledge by Rich. Flemming Bishop of Lincoln 1420. All-souls by H. Chichely Archbishop of Canterbury 1437. Magdalen by W. Winiflet Bishop of Winchester 1459. Brazen-nose Colledge by W. Smith Bishop of Lincoln 1513. but finished by R. Sutton Corpus Christi by R. Fox Bishop of Winchester 1516. Christ-Church begun by Cardinal Wolsey 1546. and by King Henry the Eighth ordained the Cathedral Church of the See of Oxford Trinity by T. Hatfield Bishop of Durham 1518. St. John's by H. Chichely Arch-Bishop of Canterbury 1437. Jesus College by Dr. Hugh Price 1562. Wadham by Nich. Wadham 1613. Some report that Cambridge was built by Cambridge Founded Cantabar a Spaniard 375 years before Christ. But as some contend Cambridge began not to be an University till Hugh Balsham Bishop of Ely founded the College of Peter-House in A. D. 1256. Clare-Hall by Eliz. de Bourgo Countess of Clare 1347. Pembroke-Hall by Mary Widow to the Earl of Pembroke 1347. Corpus Christi College by the Aldermen 1351. Trinity College by Dr W. Bateman 1353. Gonvil
College by Edm. de Gonvil 1353. Repaired by J. Caius Dr. of Physick 1557. Kings College by King Henry the Sixth 1441. Queens College by Margaret his Wife in the same Year Katharine-Hall by R. Woodlark Provost of Kings College 1475. Jesus College by J. Alcock Bishop of Ely 1497. Christs College by Mar. Countess of Derby where the College of Gods House stood 1505. St. John's College by the same 1508. Magdalen College by T. Audley Lord Chancellor of England 1542. Trinity College by Henry the Eighth 1546. Emmanuel College by Sir Walter Mildmay 1584. Sidney Suâ—â— College by Frances Countess of Suâ—â— Daughter of Sir William Sidney 1598. There is a story of King Edward the He Reigned A. D. 1042. Confessor that as he lay in his Bed in an Afternoon with his Curtains drawn a Courtier came into his Chamber where finding the Kings Casket open which Hugoline his Chamberlain had forgot to shut he took out as much Coin as he could conveniently carry and went away and came again a second and a third time when the King spake to him and bad him speedily be packing whilest he was well for if Hugoline should take him he should not only lose all he had but stretch an Halter And when Hugoline came and missing it was troubled the King said be not troubled for the man that had it hath more need of it than we have This King Edward was the first that The Kings-Evil first Cured cured the Kings-Evil Earl Godwin whose Daughter this King married took Bread and eat it in witness that he was not guilty of the death of A dreadful Example Prince Alfred but as soon as he had received the Bread he was choaked at the Table before the King at Windsor WILLIAM the Conquerour was the A. D. 1066. base Son to Robert Duke of Normandy He began his Reign Octob. 14th A. D. 1066. He was very cruel to the English and took part of every mans Estate and also exacted very great Taxes He died at Roan in Normandy A. D. 1087. forsaken of all his Courtiers his Body was left unburied till one Harluims a poor Country Knight at his own charge conveyed it to Caen. His Issue were Robert Richard William Henry and six Daughters In his time it was decreed at Rome That the See of York should be stiled Primas Angliae and that of Canterbury Primas totius Angliae The setting Seals to Bonds and Writings First use of sealing Bonds was now first used in England there being before only Witnesses to them WILLIAM Sirnamed Rufus though A. D. 1087. not eldest Brother gained the voices of the Council and was Crowned A. D. 1087. This King fairly promised to abolish the over-hard Laws made by his Father He set to Sale the Rights of the Church The Church Rights sold. preferring those therein that would give the most He was wont to say that Christs Bread was sweet dainty and most delicate for Kings When Duke Robert had mortgaged Normandy to him hearing as he sat at meat the Main in Normandy was straitly Besieged and his Subjects distressed he swore his wonted Oath By St. Luke's Face that His Expedition into Normandy he would not turn his back till he was with them and thereupon commanded the Wall of the House to be broke down that he might go the next way leaving orders for his Nobles to follow him but the Winds being contrary and the Seas raging his Pilot desired him to stay till they were appeased to whom the King said Hast thou ever heard that a King hath been drowned Therefore hoise up thy Sails I charge thee and be gone Which accordingly being done the King making such haste relieved the City before it was expected and settled all things in a short time and being returned into England as he was Hunting in New Forest Sir Walter Tyrrel a French Knight shooting at a Stag the Arrow glanc'd against a Tree and struck the King into the Breast with which he immediately died August 1. A. D. 1100. His Death His Body laid in a Colliers Cart was drawn with one poor Jade till the Cart broke where for a while the Corps was laid in the dirt but afterwards was conveyed to Winchester and there buried in Burial the Cathedral Church There did several strange Wonders happen in this Kings Reign as Earthquakes Blazing-stars and the like HENRY for his Learning stiled Beauclerk A. D. 1100. promising many good things was with the general liking of the People Crowned at Westminster in A. D. 1100. He constituted many good Laws and rejected those that were formerly too severe by which he wholly gained the hearts of the People Robert being returned from the Holy Land claimed the Kingdom but at length the difference between these two Brethren was reconciled on these terms That Henrâ—â— should enjoy the Crown during his life paying to Robert 3000 Marks by the year After this King had taken pleasure in Hunting in Normandy he made a great repast of Lampreys upon which he fell exceeding sick and after seven days sickness died A. D. 1135. at the Town of St. Denis His Death His Body was brought to Reading and there buried in the Abbey which himself had founded Besides his Lawful Issue William and His Issue Maud he is said to have had fourteen illegitimate In the Year 1111. at Dunmow in Essex the Lady Juga Founded a Priory for black Nuns which afterwards became a House of Monks who 't is said did allow a Gammon of Bacon to such married couples as repented not of their bargain a year and a day after their Marriage nor made any Nuptial transgression in word or deed This they were to make a solemn Oath of STEPHEN Earl of Blois Son to A. D. 1135. Adelicia Daughter to the Conquerour was admitted King by the working of his Brother Henry Bishop of Winchester but chiefly through the means of Hugh Bigot who took this Oath That King Henry upon his Death-bed had dis-inherited his Daughter and appointed Stephen to succeed him He was Crowned at Westminster on St. Stephen's day in A. D. 1135. His entrance was peaceable but by little and little civil discords increased with which and the incursions of the Welsh Scots and Maud the Empress he was continually disturbed He was a very valiant King as was shewn His Valour by his encounter with Robert Earl of Gloucester and Ranulph Earl of Chester where after a long Fight his Horse and Foot flying and leaving him almost alone he with his Battle-Ax drove back whole Troops assailing him with an undaunted courage till his Battle-Ax broke and after that till his Sword flew in pieces but was knock'd down and taken and carried to the Empress So the Empress for a while ruled all but Stephen by the diligence of the Bishop of Winchester after a while gained it again He died at Dover being troubled with His Death the Iliack Passion and
Expedition into France Army into France and first of all took Harflew Sept. 22. 1414. Then went to Agencourt on Octob. 24. where the French had pitched with six some say ten times the number of the English whereupon the King offered to part and surrender what he had won but the French would not yield making sure account of Victory had prepared a Chariot for the Captive King and all other things for that purpose The Battel beginning King Henry encouraged his Souldiers and with their small company the English won the day having every man his Prisoner Of the English A wonderful Victory were slain the Duke of York Earl of Suffolk two Knights one Squire and 28 private Souldiers Of the French were slain 4000 Princes Nobles Knights and Esquires and 10000 common Souldiers and more than these taken After which he came home and in a short time returned there with another Army where at last he was Proclaimed Regent of France and had He is Proclaimed Regent of France His Marriage Homage sworn to him and his Marriage with the Lady Catharine was with all Solemnity celebrated at Troyes After which he hastes into England with his Queen and in a short time after he went into France again where he had not been long before His Death Burial and Issue he fell sick of a burning Fever and Flux whereof he died Aug. 31. 1422. and was buried at Westminster His Issue was only Henry of Windsor HENRY the Sixth of Windsor was A. D. 1422. Crowned about the eighth Month of his Age. The Government of England was committed to Humphrey Duke of Glâ—â—ucester and the Regency of France to John Duke of Bedford under whom things succeeded very prosperously In his time was that Famous French Shepherdess Joan of Lorrain Joan de Lorrain who put on Mans Apparel and opposed the English with great success but was at last taken and was burnt for Sorcery A. D. 1435. that Famous Patriot and General John Duke of Bedford died at Paris after which the English began to change their Affairs there for the worse and lost most of their strong Holds At last there was a Peace concluded between the two Kings A. D. 1444. was King Henry married His Marriage with Margaret Daughter to the Duke of Anjou and Lorrain after which the Kings Fortune declined both in England and France The Queen ruling all contrived the death of Duke Humphrey who was the only man that had hitherto kept things in His Troubles order by his Prudence By this time were all the English Fortunes in France lost The Duke of York raising many Rebellions in England and at last in a great Battel at St. Albans the Kings greatest Friends were most slain and himself taken After which York created himself Protector of England and by degrees works out the Kings ancient Counsellors yet many stood up for the King and many great Battels were fought Fortune favouring sometimes one and then another at last the Duke himself was slain by the Queens Forces near Wakefield And now his Son Edward Earl of March maintains his Quarrel The Queens Forces recover the King again howbeit the Lâ—â—ndoners Proclaimed the Earl Earl of March Proclaimed King His Issue of March King of England King Henry's Issue was only Edward He was a Prince free from Pride very devout chaste and modest He built Eaton College and Kings College in Cambridge The Art of Printing was found out in Printing first in England Germany by John Guttenburg and brought into England by Will. Caxton a Mercer of London who first practised the same in the Abby at Westminster A. D. 1471. EDWARD the IV. eldest Son to Richard A. D. 1461. Duke of York began to reign in the 20th year of his Age at which time Henry had many Friends who sought to re-settle him on his Throne On June the 28th was His Coronation Edward crowned and soon after King Henry and his Son Edward dis-inherited of their Claim to the Crown by Act of Parliament He takes to Wife the Lady Elizabeth Marriage Grey the Relict of his mortal Enemy Sir John Grey slain at the Battel of St. Albans who was crowned at Westminster May 26. 1465. But this his Marriage below himself was much to his disadvantage by making the Earl of Warwick formerly his very good Friend a strong Rebel against him who took the King Prisoner but the King made his Escape again But afterwards the Earl of Warwick drove him out of the Land and made Henry again King After which King Edward returns and in a Battel upon Gladmore the Great Warwick fighting couragiously was slain Death of the Earl of Warwick and King Henry again put into the Tower Afterwards Queen Margaret was defeated and King Henry's Son Edward taken and brought before the King where he speaking boldly was knock'd down and murdered Soon after Queen Margaret was taken and not long after the crook-back'd Duke Death of King Henry of Gloucester stabb'd harmless King Henry to the heart whose Body was buried at Chertsey in Surrey A. D. 1483. King Edward fell into a His Death and Burial dangerous and deadly Sickness whereof April the 9th he died and was buried at Windsor in the new-Chappel whose Foundation himself had laid 'T is said of him that he was just and merciful in Peace fierce in War and very familiar with his Subjects His Issue were Edward Richard His Issue George Elizabeth Cicely Ann Briget Mary Margaret and Catharine EDWARD the V. the eldest Son of King A. D. 1483. Edward the IV. being but 12 years of Age when his Father died was committed to the government of his Uncle Sir Anthony Woodville a worthy Person which much troubled Richard Duke of Gloucester his Enemy who sought his Life that thereby he might come to the Crown By evil Suggestions he wrought upon the greatest Men to take his part against the old Queen and as the King was coming to London to be crowned with a small Company he seiz'd those about him and imprisoned Sir Anthony Woodville amongst the rest Then brought the King to London pretending to be his Friend and there was made his Protector after which he got the Duke of York the King's Brother out of Sanctuary from the Queen and caused many of the chief Nobles to be barbarously massacred and instead of King Edward caused himself to be crowned King RICHARD the III. Son of Richard Duke A. D. 1683. of York was born with all his Teeth and Hair to his Shoulders which foreshew'd his monstrous Proceedings July the 6th he was crowned King at Westminster soon after which he caused the young King and Edward the V. and Brother murdered his Brother to be most inhumanely massacred But King Richard lived most miserably ever after being without the least quiet of Conscience and soon after the Duke of Buckingham his greatest Favourite proved his greatest Enemy
general Pardon was now granted for A strange sort of general Pardon all Offences to all the King's Subjects but only 50 whose Names he would not express but reserved them to his own knowledge that when any of the Nobility offended him he might at his pleasure name him to be one of the number excepted and so keep them still within his danger In his 11th year King Richard created Barons first made by Letters Patents John Beauchamp of Holt Baron of Kiderminster by his Letters Patents the first that was so made for before this Time Barons were always made by calling them to Parliaments by the King 's Writ In a Parliament in this King's Time An Image made to speak there was a certain Image of Wax made by Necromancy which at an hour appointed spoke these words The Head shall be cut off the Head shall be lift up aloft the Feet shall be lift up above the Head About the year 1280 the making of Guns first invented and used Guns was found by a German who having beaten Brimstone in a Mortar to powder and covering it with a Stone it hapned that as he struck Fire a spark chanced to fall into the Powder which caused a Flame of such force that it raised the Stone a great height which after he perceived he made a Pipe of Iron and tempered the Powder with some other Ingredients and fo finished that deadly Engine The first that used it were the Venetians against the Inhabitants of Genoa NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King HENRY the IV. THis King Henry fighting against the A. D. 1399. This King's Valour Nobles that rebelled slew 36 with his own hands Prince Henry this King's Son being very Prince Henry made a Prisoner disorderly and keeping ill Company one of his Companions being arraigned for Felony before the Lord Chief Justice he went to the King's Bench-Bar and offered to take the Prisoner away by force but being withstood by the Lord Chief Justice he stept to him and struck him over the Face whereat the Judge nothing abashed rose up and told him That he did not this Astrint to him but to the King his Father in whose Place he sate and therefore to make him know his Fault he commanded him to be committed to the Fleet The Prince quietly submitted to the Sentence and suffered himself to be led to Prison In this King's days Burning and Execution Burning Atheists when first by Fire for Controversies in Religion was first put in practice In the 3d. year of this King at Danbury An Appearance of the Devil in Essex the Devil appeared in likeness of a grey Friar who entring the Church put the People in great fear and the same hour with a Tempest of Whirlwind and Thunder the top of the Steeple was broken down and half the Chancel scattered abroad NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King HENRY the Fifth THE first Parliament in this King's A. D. 1412. A Subsidy granted without asking Time grant him a Subsidy without asking for it the like of which was never known before nor since the Kings being in capacity to ask At the Siege of Seyns in France King First Garter-King at Arms. Henry created an Officer of Arms to be King of Heralds over the Englishmen and entitled him Garter This King having notice of his Son's The King 's Prophetical Saying Birth and Christning Prophetically said Good Lord I Henry of Monmouth shall small time reign and much get and Henry born at Windsor shall long time reign and lose all but God's Will be done In his 9th year in a Parliament holden Gold paid by weight at Westminster it was ordained That no man should offer Gold in payment unless it were weight and thereupon were appointed Balances and Weights In a Synod at Rochester in this King's The Scriptures ordered to be in Latin for which a just Judgment falls on the Bishop of Canterbury Time Sir John Oldcastle was pronounced to be an Heretick by the Archbishop of Canterbury who then enacted a Decree That the holy Scriptures ought not to be translated into the English Tongue But mark the Judgment that fell upon his Tongue whose Roots and Blade soon after grew so big in his Mouth and Throat that he could neither speak nor swallow down Meat but in horrour lay languishing till at last starved by Famine he died This King was perhaps the greatest that King Henry the V. his Character ever reigned in England 'T is said he was so temperate in his Diet and so free from Vain-glory that 't was truely said he had something in him of Caesar that Alexander the Great had not that he would not be drunk and something of Alexander that Caesar had not viz. that he would not be flattered NOTABLE EVENTS In the Reign of King HENRY the Sixth IN King Henry the Sixth's Time the A. D. 1422. 40000 French frighted with the Name of Salisbury Earl of Salisbury got so great a Name in France that only naming of him was enough to fright 20000 French as appeared when the French Constable with 40000 Men besieged the Town of St. James de Benuron and having made a breach fit for Assault whilst his Captains stood straining of courtesie which of them should first enter Sir Nicholas Burdet with all his Forces sallied forth crying aloud A Salisbury A Salisbury which Name-struck such a Consternation in the Besiegers that they all stood like men amazed of whom 600 were slain 200 drowned in the Ditches 50 taken Prisoners with 18 Standards and the Constable was glad to quit the Place and desert the Siege 'T is said that Roger Bullingbrook a Necromancer A Necromantick Art and Margery Jordan the Witch of Eye in Suffolk devised a Picture of Wax in proportion of the King by Sorcery that had such effect on the King's Body that as the Wax consumed so the King's Body consumed for which they were both condemned Soon after the good Duke of Gloucester Five Men hanged at Tyburn yet lived after was secretly murthered five of his menial Servants viz. Sir Roger Chamberlain Kt. Middleton Herber Artzis Esq and John Needham Gent. were condemned to be hanged drawn and quartered and hanged they were at Tyburn let down quick stript naked marked with a Knife to be quartered and then the Marquess of Suffolk brought their Pardon and delivered it at the Place of Execution and so their Lives were saved It was observed of this King that no His Misfortune in War Enterprize of War ever prospered when he was present In the 32d year of this King the Lord Lord Mayor goes by Water to take his Oath Mayor of London first began to go by Water to Westminster to take his Oath where before they used to go by Land In this King's Time the Art of Printing Printing first in England was found out at Mogunce in Germany by a Knight called John