away with the ball if they can catch it at aduantage But they may not so steale the palme for gallop any one of them neuer so fast yet he shall be surely met at some hedge corner crosse-lane bridge or deepe water which by casting the Countrie they know he must needs touch at and if his good fortune gard him not the better hee is like to pay the price of his theft with his owne and his horses ouerthrowe to the ground Sometimes the whole company runneth with the ball seuen or eight miles out of the direct way which they should keepe Sometimes a foote-man getting it by stealth the better to scape vnespied will carry the same quite backwards and so at last get to the goale by a windlace which once knowne to be wonne all that side flocke thither with great iolity and if the same bee a Gentlemans house they giue him the ball for a Trophee and the drinking out of his Beere to boote The ball in this play may bee compared to an infernall spirit for whosoeuer catcheth it fareth straightwayes like a madde man strugling and fighting with those that goe about to holde him and no sooner is the ball gone from but hee resigneth this fury to the next receyuer and himselfe becommeth peaceable as before I cannot well resolue whether I should more commend this game for the manhood and exercise or condemne it for the boysterousnes and harmes which it begetteth for as on the one side it makes their bodies strong hard and nimble and puts a courage into their hearts to meete an enemie in the face so on the other part it is accompanied with many dangers some of which doe euer fall to the players share For proofe whereof when the hurling is ended you shall see them retyring home as from a pitched battaile with bloody pates bones broken and out of ioynt and such bruses as serue to shortē their daies yet al is good play neuer Attourney nor Crowner troubled for the matter Wrastling is as full of manlinesse more delightfull and lesse dangerous which pastime either the Cornish men deriued frō Corineus their first pretended founder or at least it ministred some stuffe to the farcing of that fable But to let that passe their cōtinual exercise in this play hath bred thē so skilfull an habit as they presume that neither the ancient Greek Palestritae nor the Turks so much delighted Pelrianders nor their once countrymen and stil neighbours the Bretons can bereau them of this Laurell and matchlesse certes should they be if their cunning were answerable to their practise for you shall hardly find an assembly of boyes in Deuon or Cornwall where the most vntowardly amongst them will not as readily giue you a muster of this exercise as you are prone to require it For performing this play the beholders cast themselues in a ring which they call Making a place into the empty middle space whereof the two champiō wrastlers step forth stripped into their dublets and hosen and vntrussed that they may so the better commaund the vse of their lymmes and first shaking hands in token of friendship they fall presently to the effects of anger for each striueth how to take hold of other with his best aduantage and to beare his aduerse party downe wherein whosoeuer ouerthroweth his mate in such sort as that either his backe or the one shoulder and contrary heele do touch the ground is accounted to giue the fall If he be endangered and make a narrow escape it is called a foyle This hath also his lawes of taking hold onely aboue girdle wearing a girdle to take hold by playing three pulles for tryall of the mastery the fall-giuer to be exempted from playing againe with the taker and bound to answere his successour c. Many sleights and tricks appertaine hereunto in which a skilfull weake man wil soone get the ouerhand of one that is strong and ignorant Such are the Trip fore-Trip Inturne the Faulx forward and backward the Mare and diuers other like Amongst Cornish wrastlers now liuing my friend Iohn Goit may iustly challenge the first place not by prerogatiue of his seruice in her Maiesties gard but through hauing answered all challenges in that pastime without blemish Neither is his commendation bounded within these limits but his cleane made body and actiue strength extend with great agility to whatsoeuer other exercise of the arme or legge besides his abilitie vpon often tryall to take charge at Sea eyther as Master or Captayne All which good parts hee graceth with a good fellowlike kinde and respectfull carriage Siluer prizes for this and other actiuities were wont to be carried about by certaine Circumferanei or set vp for Bidales but time or their abuse hath now worne them out of date and vse The last poynt of this first booke is to plot downe the Cornish gouernment which offreth a double consideration the one as an entire state of it selfe the other as a part of the Realme both which shal be seuerally handled Cornwall as an entire state hath at diuerstimes enioyed sundry titles of a Kingdome Principality Duchy and Earledome as may appeare by these few notes with which I haue stored my selfe out of our Chronicles If there was a Brute King of Brittaine by the same authority it is to bee proued that there was likewise a Corineus Duke of Cornwall whose daughter Gwendolene Brutes eldest sonne Locrine tooke to wife and by her had issue Madan that succeeded his father in the kingdome Next him I finde Henninus Duke who maried Gonorille one of King Leirs daughters and heires and on her begat Morgan but whiles he attempted with his other brother in law to wrest the kingdome from their wiues father by force of armes before the course of nature should cast the same vpon them Cordeilla the third disherited sister brought an armie out of Fraunce to the olde mans succour and in a pitched battell bereft Henninus of his life Clotenus King of Cornwall begat a sonne named Mulmutius Dunwallo who when this Iland had beene long distressed with the ciuil warres of petty Kings reduced the same againe into one peaceable Monarchy Belinus brother to that great terror of the Romanes Brennus had for his appaunage as the French terme it Loegria Wales and Cornwall Cassibelane succeeding his brother Lud in the kingdome gaue to his sonne Tennancius the Duchy of Cornwall After this Iland became a parcell of Iulius Caesars conquests the same rested it self or was rather vexed a long time vnder the gouernment of such rulers as the Romanes sent hither But the Bretons turning at last their long patience into a sudden fury rose in armes slewe Alectus the Emperour Dioclesians deputy and inuested their leader Asclepiodotus Duke of Cornwall with the possession of the kingdome Conan Meridock nephew to Octauius whome the Emperour Constantine appoynted gouernour of this Iland was Duke of
Cob for his wals and Thatch for his couering as for Brick and Lath walles they can hardly brooke the Cornish weather and the vse thereof being put in triall by some was found so vnprofitable as it is not continued by any It resteth that after the Cornish Inhabitants reall priuate estate I speake of their entercourse and traffike and so step forth to their personal This entercourse is obtayned by high wayes and Bridges for high wayes the Romanes did not extend theirs so farre but those layd out of later times are in the Easterne part of Cornwall vneasy by reason either of their mire or stones besides many vp-hils and downe-hils The Westerne are better trauaileable as lesse subiect to these discommodities generally the statute 18. Eliz. for their amendement is reasonably wel executed Bridges the riuer Tamer hath Polston Gresham Horse and New Bridge Lyner that at Noddetor Seton and Loo two bridges of the same name Foy riuer Reprin Lostwithiel S. Nighton or Niot Fala riuer Grampord Tregny Loo riuer Helston On the North coast vpon Camel Wade Dilland Helland Vpon Deuon Trywartheuy c. for they are worth no curious enquiry For maintenance of traffike by buying and selling there are weekely markets kept In the Hundred of East at Saltash Launceston and Milbrook In West H. at Loo and Liskerd In Stratton H. at the Towne of the same name In Lesnewith H. at Bottreaux Castle and Camelford In Powder H. at Foy Lostwithiel Grampord Tregny and Truro In Trig H. at Bodmin In Kerier Hun. at Helston and Perin And in Penwith Hundred at Pensants and at S. Ies. Of these Bodmyn and Launceston are the greatest this as placed in the broadest that in the middle part of the Countie Fayres there are many some which here ensue March 13 at Bodmyn Helston S. Mishaels mount April 24. at Loo 25. at S. Columbs S. Probus May 1. at Launceston Perin Iune 11. at Minhinet 24. at Laūcestō pelint probus Colombs Iuly on S. Margets day at S. Stephens S. Thomas transl at Camelford On S. Iames day at Golsinni Saltash August 1. at S Germaines On S. Laurence day at S. Laurence On the Assumption of our Lady at Lalant September on S. Mathews day at Liskerd on S. Bartholmews at Lostwithiel on the Natiuitie of our Lady at Kellington S. Marie weeke and Marcasiow October on S. Dionise day at Treuenna in Tintagel Nouember on S Katherins day at S. Thomas On S Leonards day at Launceston and Tregny December on S. Nicholas day at Bodmyn And because traffike cannot bee exercised without waights and measures a word or two of them Touching wayghts the statute 12. H. 7. which made a generall ordinance therein did specially exempt those appertayning to the cunnage in Deuon and Cornwall viz. that they should be priuiledged to continue their former vsage In measures the Shire varieth not only from others but also in it selfe for they haue a land measure and a water-measure the water-measure of things sold at the ships side as salt aud peason by the Inhabitants is sixteene gallons the bushell by strangers betweene 18. and 24. The land-measure differeth in diuers places from 18. to 24. gallons the bushell being least in the East parts and increasing to the Westwards where they measure Oates by the hogshead The Iustices of peace haue oftentimes indeuoured to reduce this variance to a certaintie of double Winchester but though they raysed the lower they cannot abate the higher to this proportion and yet from the want of this reformation there ensue many inconueniences for the Farmer that hath the greatest bushell at the market maketh a price for the lesser to follow with little or at least no rateable deduction Besides they sell at home to their neighbours the rest of the weeke by the smaller measure as was payd in the market for the bigger There are also some Ingrossers who buy Wheat of the husbandman after 18 gallons the bushell and deliuer it to the transporting Marchant for the same summe at 16. So doth their Pearch exceed that of other Countries which amounteth vnto 18. foote And it is likewise obserued by strangers that the Cornish miles are much longer then those about London if at least the wearinesse of their bodies after so painefull a iourney blemish not the coniecture of their mindes I can impute this generall enlargement of saleable things to no cause sooner then the Cornish mans want of vent and money who therethrough to equall others in quality of price is driuen to exceed them in quantitie of measure Touching the personall estate of the Cornish Inhabitants to begin with their name in generall I learne by master Camden who as the Arch-antiquarie Iustus Lipsius testifieth of him Britanniae nebulas claro ingenij sole illustrauit that Ptolomey calleth them Damnonii Strabo Ostidamnii and Aretemidorus Cossini Touching their particular denominations where the Saxons haue not intruded their newer vsances they partake in some sort with their kinsmen the Welsh for as the Welshmen catalogize ap Rice ap Griffin ap Owen ap Tuder ap Lewellin c. vntill they end in the highest of the stock whom their memorie can reach vnto So the Westerne Cornish by a like but more cōpendious maner intitle one another with his owne his fathers christen name and conclude with the place of his dwelling as Iohn the sonne of Thomas dwelling at Pendaruis is called Iohn Thomas Pendaruis Rich. his yonger brother is named Richard Thomas Pendaruis c. Through which meanes diuers Gent. and others haue changed their names by remoouing their dwellings as Trengoue to Nance Bomthon to Carclew two brethren of the Thomasses the one to Carnsew the other to Rescrowe and many other Most of them begin with Tre Pol or Pen which signifie a Towne a Top and a head whence grew the common by-word By Tre Pol and Pen You shall know the Cornishmen Neither doe they want some signification as Godolfin alias Godolghan a white Eagle Chiwarton the greene Castle on the hill which Gentlemen giue such Armes Reskimer the great Dogges race who beareth a Wolfe passant Carnsew alias Carndew a black rock his house Bokelly which soundeth the lost Goat and a Goate he beareth for his coate Carnimow a little Citie Cosowarth the high Groue c. And as the Cornish names hold an affinity with the Welsh so is their language deduced frō the same source and differeth onely in the dialect But the Cornish is more easie to bee pronounced and not so vnpleasing in sound with throat letters as the Welsh A friend of mine one master Thomas Williams discoursed once with mee that the Cornish tongue was deriued from or at least had some acquayntance with the Greeke and besides diuers reasons which hee produced to proue the same hee vouched many wordes of one sence in both as for example Greeke Cornish English Teino Tedua Draw Mamma Mamm Mother Episcopos Escoppe Bishop
made them perfect in the one and rouing in the other for prickes the first corrupter of Archery through too much precisenesse were then scarcely knowne and little practised And in particular I haue heard by credible report of those who professed and protested themselues to haue bene eye-witnesses that one Robert Bone of Antony shot at a little bird sitting vpon his cowes back and killed it the bird I meane not the cowe which was either very cunning in the performance or very foolish in the attempt The first of these somewhat resembled one Menelaus mentioned by Zosimus lib. 2. who nocking three arrowes shooting them all at once would strike three seuerall persons and might haue deserued a double stipend in the graund Signiors gard where the one halfe of his Archers are left-handed that they may not turne their taile to their Sultan while they draw The other may in some sort compare with that Auo reported by Saxo Gramaticus for so good a mark-man as with one arrow he claue the string of his aduersaries bowe the second he fixed betweene his fingers and with the third strooke his shaft which he was nocking or with that exploit of the fathers piercing an apple on his sonnes head attributed by the same Saxo to one Toko a Dane and by the Switzers histories to Guillaum Tell the chiefe occasioner and part-author of their libertie Hurling taketh his denomination from throwing of the ball and is of two sorts in the East parts of Cornwall to goales and in the West to the countrey For hurling to goales there are 15. 20. or 30. players more or lesse chosen out on each side who strip themselues into their slightest apparell and then ioyne hands in ranke one against another Out of these ranks they match themselues by payres one embracing another so passe away euery of which couple are specially to watch one another during the play After this they pitch two bushes in the ground some eight or ten foote asunder and directly against them ten or twelue score off other twayne in like distance which they terme their Goales One of these is appoynted by lots to the one side and the other to his aduerse party There is assigned for their gard a couple of their best stopping Hurlers the residue draw into the midst betweene both goales where some indifferent person throweth vp a ball the which whosoeuer can catch and cary through his aduersaries goale hath wonne the game But therein consisteth one of Hercules his labours for hee that is once possessed of the ball hath his contrary mate waiting at inches and assaying to lay hold vpon him The other thrusteth him in the brest with his closed fist to keepe him off which they call Butting and place in weldoing the same no small poynt of manhood If hee escape the first another taketh him in hand and so a third neyther is hee left vntill hauing met as the Frenchman sayes Chausseura son pied hee eyther touch the ground with some part of his bodie in wrastling or cry Hold which is the word of yeelding Then must he cast the ball named Dealing to some one of his fellowes who catching the same in his hand maketh away withall as before and if his hap or agility bee so good as to shake off or outrunne his counterwayters at the goale hee findeth one or two fresh men readie to receiue and keepe him off It is therefore a very disaduantageable match or extraordinary accident that leeseth many goales howbeit that side carryeth away best reputation which giueth most falles in the hurling keepeth the ball longest and presseth his contrary-neerest to their owne goale Sometimes one chosen person on eche party dealeth the ball The Hurlers are bound to the obseruation of many lawes as that they must hurle man to man and not two set vpon one man at once that the Hurler against the ball must not but nor hand-fast vnder girdle that hee who hath the ball must but onely in the others brest that he must deale no Fore-ball viz. he may not throw it to any of his mates standing neerer the goale then himselfe Lastly in dealing the ball if any of the other part can catch it flying between or e're the other haue it fast he thereby winneth the same to his side which straightway of defendant becōmeth assailant as the other of assailant falls to be defendant The least breach of these lawes the Hurlers take for a iust cause of going together by the eares but with their fists onely neither doth any among them seek reuēge for such wrongs or hurts but at the like play againe These hurling matches are mostly vsed at weddings where commonly the ghests vndertake to encounter all commers The hurling to the Countrey is more diffuse and confuse as bound to few of these orders Some two or more Gentlemen doe commonly make this match appointing that on such a holyday they will bring to such an indifferent place two three or more parishes of the East or South quarter to hurle against so many other of the West or North. Their goales are either those Gentlemens houses or some townes or villages three or foure miles asunder of which either side maketh choice after the neernesse to their dwellings When they meet there is neyther comparing of numbers nor matching of men but a siluer ball is cast vp and that company which can catch and cary it by force or sleight to their place assigned gaineth the ball and victory Whosoeuer getteth seizure of this ball findeth himselfe generally pursued by the aduerse party neither will they leaue till without all respects he be layd flat on Gods deare earth which fall once receiued disableth him from any longer detayning the ball hee therefore throweth the same with like hazard of intercepting as in the other hurling to some one of his fellowes fardest before him who maketh away withall in like maner Such as see where the ball is played giue notice thereof to their mates crying Ware East Ware West c. as the same is carried The Hurlers take their next way ouer hilles dales hedges ditches yea and thorow bushes briers mires plashes and riuers whatsoeuer so as you shall sometimes see 20. or 30. lie tugging together in the water scrābling and scratching for the ball A play verily both rude rough and yet such as is not destitute of policies in some sort resembling the feats of warre for you shall haue companies layd out before on the one side to encounter them that come with the ball and of the other party to succor them in maner of a fore-ward Againe other troups lye houering on the sides like wings to helpe or stop their escape and where the ball it selfe goeth it resembleth the ioyning of the two mayne battels the slowest footed who come lagge supply the showe of a rere-ward yea there are horsemen placed also on either party as it were in ambush and ready to ride
Cornwall At the Sinode of Arles in Fraunce there was present one Corinius sonne to Salomon Duke of Cornwall After the abouenamed Octauius his decease Maximianus a Romane who maried his daughter succeeded him also in gouernment betweene whome and the foreremembred Conan grew great warres which concluding at last in a peace Maxim passed with an armie into Fraunce conquered there Armorica naming it little Brittaine and gaue the same in fee to Conan who being once peaceably setled wrote ouer vnto Dionethus or Dionotus Duke or King of Cornwall as Mathew of West termeth him to send him some Maidens whom he might couple in mariage with his people whereon S. Vrsula her companions the 11000. virgins were shipped miscaried as their welknown history reporteth Nicholas Gille a French writer deliuereth vpon the credit of our British Historians that about this time Meroueus a Paynim king of Fraunce caused his owne sonne to be throwne into the fire and burned for that he had slayne the king of Cornwall as he returned from a feast Hee also maketh mention of one Moigne brother to Aurelius and Vter-pendragon Duke of Cornwall gouerner of the Realme vnder the Emperour Honorius Caredoc Duke of Cornwall was employed sayth D. Kay by Octauius about founding the Vniuerfitie of Cambridge And vpon Igerna wife to Gorlois Duke of Cornwall Vter begat the worthy Arthur and a daughter called Amy. This Arthur discomfited in fight one Childerick a king of the Saxons and afterwards vpon certaine couenants suffred him quietly to depart the Realme But Childerick violating the word of a king bound with the solemnity of an othe inuaded estsoones the Westerne coasts harrowing the Country as he passed vntil Cador Earle of Cornwall became Gods Minister to take vengeance of his periury by reauing off his life That Marke swayed the Cornish septer you cannot make question vnlesse you will withall shake the irrefragable authoritie of the round tables Romants Blederic Duke of Cornwall associated with other Welsh kings darrayned a battell against Ethelferd king of the Northumbers by the valiant forgoing of his life got his partners the victory Iuor sonne to Alane king of little Brittaine first wan from the Saxons Cornwall Deuon and Somerset shires by force of armes and then taking to wife Ethelburg cousin to Kentwin king of Westsex enioyed the same by composition Roderit king of the Bretons in Wales and Cornwall vnder whom Bletius was Prince of this last and of Deuon valiantly repulsed Adelred king of Westsex what time he assayled him in Cornwall yet in the end being ouer-matched in number and tired with continuall onsets he was driuen to quit the same and retire himselfe into Wales Polidor Virgill maketh mention of one Reginaldus Comes Britannorum in the time of king Etheldred Dungarth king of Corn by mischance was drowned Alpsius is recorded about this time for Duke of Deuon and Cornwall Orgerius Duke of Cornwall had a daughter named Alfride the fame of whose beauty caused King Edgar to send Earle Athelwold for obtaining her at her fathers hands in mariage But the Earle with the first sight of this faire Lady was so besotted in her loue that preferring the accomplishment of his lust before the duety of his alleageance he returnes answer to the King how the common report far exceeded her priuate worth which came much short of meriting a partnership in so great a Princes bed and not long after begged and obtayned the Kings good wlll to wed her himselfe But so braue a lustre could not lye long concealed without shining foorth into Edgars knowledge who finding the truth of his Ambassadours falshood tooke Athelwold at an aduauntage slewe him and maried her beeing a widdowe whome hee had wooed a mayde Hitherunto these titles of honour carry a kinde of confusednes and rather betokened a successiue office then an established dignity The following ages receiued a more distinct forme and left vs a certeyner notice What time William the bastard subdued this Realme one Condor possessed the Earledome of Cornwall and did homage for the same he had issue another Condor whose daughter and heire Agnes was maried to Reignald Earle of Bristowe base sonne to King Henry the first This note I borowed out of an industrious collection which setteth downe all the noble mens creations Armes and principall descents in euery Kings dayes since the conquest but master Camden our Clarentieulx nameth him Cadoc and saith farther that Robert Morton brother to William Conquerour by his mother Herlot was the first Earle of Norman blood and that his sonne William succeeded him who taking part with Duke Robert against Henry the first thereby got captiuity and lost his honour with which that King inuested the forementioned Reignald In this variance it is great reason that the ballance panche on his side who hath both authority to establish his assertion and a rarely approued knowledge to warrant his authoritie Hee dying issuelesse Richard the first gaue this Earledome to his brother Iohn Iohns sonne Henry the third honoured therewith his brother Richard King of the Romanes a Prince no lesse plentifully flowing in wealth then his brother was often driuen to extreame shifts through needinesse which made that barbarous age to poetrize Nummus ait pro me nubit Cornubia Rome Money sayd that for her sake Rome did Cornwall to wife take He had issue Henry Earle of Cornwall who deceased issuelesse and Edmond whose daughter and heire Isabell sayth mine authour was married to Moriee Fitsharding Lord Barckleigh but others affirme that this Edmond dyed without issue Edward the second degenerating in his choyce created his mynion Peter Gaueston a Gascoyne Earle of this County whose posterity ended in himselfe and himself by a violent death The last title of this Earldome expired in Iohn of Eltham yonger sonne to that King Edward After which King Edward the third by act of Parliament in the 11. yeere of his raigne erected the same to a Duchy the first in England and graced it with his sonne the blacke Prince for his heroicall vertues did rather bestow then receiue estimation from whatsoeuer dignitie Since which it is successiuely incorporated in the Kings eldest sonne and hath bene so enioyed by Richard the second Henry the fift Henry the sixt Edward his sōne Edward the fift Edward sonne to Richard the third Arthure and Henry sonnes to Henry the seuenth and lastly Edward the sixt 10. Dukes in the whole These Earles and Dukes haue from the beginning beene priuiledged with royall iurisdiction or Growne rights namely giuing of liberty to send Burgesses to the Parliaments returne of writs custome toll Mynes Treasure-trovee wards c. and to this end appoynted their speciall officers as Sheriffe Admirall Receyuer Hauener Customer Butler Searcher Comptroller Gaugeor Excheator Feodary Auditor Clarke of the market c. besides the L. Warden and those others beforeremembred whose functions appertayne
widdow of both And as after the fathers decease good agreement betweene the mother and eldest sonne hath commonly weake continuance because both being enfranchised to a sudden absolute iurisdiction neither of them can easily temper the same with a requisite moderation so it chaunced that shee and hers fell at square which discord with an vnnaturall extremity brake forth into a blow by him no lesse dearly then vndutifully giuen his mother for vpon so iust a cause she disinherited him of all her lands being seuenteene mannours and bestowed them on her yonger sonnes This I learned by the report of Sir Peter Carew the elder of that name and eldest of our stock a Gentleman whose rare worth my pen is not able to shaddow much lesse with his due lineaments to represent at such time as being a scholler in Oxford of fourteene yeeres age and three yeeres standing vpon a wrong conceyued opinion touching my sufficiency I was there called to dispute ex tempore impar congressus Achilli with the matchles Sir Ph. Sidney in presence of the Earles Leycester Warwick and diuers other great personages By the forementioned conueyance she disposed of her sayd mannours as followeth Haccumb Ringmore and Milton shee gaue to Nicholas Lyham Manedon Combhall and Southtawton to Hugh East-Antony Shoggebroke and Landegy to Alexander Wicheband Widebridge Bokeland and Bledeuagh to William and lastly Roseworthy Bosewen and Tregennow to Iohn al which she entailed to them and the issue of their bodies substituting for want thereof the one to be heire to the other and in witnes hereof sayth she in her conueyance to each of these deedes fiue times indented I haue set my seale and because my seale is to many vnknowne haue procured the seale of the Maior of the Citie of Exon to be also adioyned Thomas her eldest sonne repayred this losse in part by matching with one of Carminowes daughters and heires From Nicholas is descended Carew of Haccumb who by vertue of this entayle succeeded also to Hughs portion as deceasing issuelesse From William is come Carew of Crocum in Somerset shire and from Iohn Vere the now Earle of Oxford deriueth his pedigree Alexander maried Elizabeth the daughter of Hatch and begate Iohn who tooke to wife Thamesin one of the daughters and heires of Holland their sonne Sir Wymond espoused Martha the daughter of Edmund and sister to Sir Anthony Denny Sir Wymond had Thomas the husband of Elizabeth Edgecumb and they my selfe linked in matrimony with Iulian daughter to Iohn Arundel of Trerice and one of the heires to her mother Catherine Cosewarth who hath made me father of Richard lately wedded to Briget daughter of Iohn Chudleigh of Ashton in Deuon Touching our stock in generall and my family in particular being once vainly disposed I would it had bene but once I made this idle obseruation CArew of ancient Carru was And Carru is a plowe Romanes the trade Frenchmen the word I doe the name auowe The elder stock and we a braunch At Phoebes gouerning From fire to sonne doe waxe and wane By thrift and lauishing The fire not valuing at due price His wealth it throwes away The sonne by seruice or by match Repaireth this decay The smelling sence wee sundry want But want it without lack For t' is no sense to wish a weale That brings a greater wrack Through natures marke we owne our babes By tip of th'upper lip Black-bearded all the race saue mine Wrong dide by mothership The Barons wife Arch-deacons heire Vnto her yonger sonne Saue Antony which downe to me By 4. descents hath runne All which and all their wiues exprest A Turtles single loue And neuer did tha'duentrous change Of double wedding proue We are the fift to swarue herefrom I will not though I could As for my wife God may dispose Shee shall not though she would Our family transplants itselfe To grow in other shires And Countrey rather makes then takes As best behoofe appeares Children thrice three God hath vs lent Two sonnes and then a mayd By order borne of which one third We in the graue haue layd Our eldest daughter widow fell Before our yongest borne So doe hard haps vnlooked come So are our hopes forlorne Mine trebled haue in either sexe Those which my parents got And yet but halfed them which God My graundsire did allot Whose grace in Court rarely obtaynd To th'yongst of those eighteene Three Kings of England Godfathers For Godmother our Queene The Armes of our family are Or. 3. Lyons passant sable armed and Langued Gules It exceedeth good maners to inuite your longer stay at our colde harbour and yet for that diuers strangers haue either vpon cause or kindnesse pretended to like well of a saltwater pond there made and others whose dwelling affoordeth a semblable oportunity may perhaps take some light herefrom to doe the like if they be so disposed I will put my selfe to the payne of particularly describing it and you may notwithstanding at your pleasure saue the labour of perusing it wherein I will by the way interlace some notes for the Imitaters better instruction There lyeth a creeke of Ose betweene two hilles which deliuering a little fresh rillet into the sea receyueth for recompence a large ouerflowing of the salt water tides This place is deepened to apond by casting vp part of the Ose to the heades part to the middle and part to the sides the vpper head stoppeth out the fresh water the lower keepeth in the salt the middle rayseth an Iland for the VVorkmens ease the owners pleasure and the fishes succour The Ose thus aduanced within short space through the sunne and winde changeth his former softnes to a firmer hardnesse Round about the pond there is pitched a frith of three foote heighth sloped inwards to barre any Otter from issuing if hee there aduenture his naturall theft as it would foreclose his entrance but lose the pastime of his hunting if the same declined outwards In one of the corners next the sea standeth a flood-gate to bee drawne vp and let downe through reigles in the side postes whose mouth is encompassed with a double frith of two foote distance eche from other and their middle space filled vp with small stones this serueth to let in the salt water and to keepe in the fish when the flood-gate is taken vp and therefore you must not make the frith too close nor the compasse too little lest they too much stop the waters passage It riseth of equall heighth with the banks they must outreach the highest full sea mark by two foot at least neyther ought your flood-gates foote to stand euen with the pondes bottome lest emptying the water it wholly abandon the fish but must leaue about three foot depth within In the halfe circle enclosed between the flood-gate and the compasse frith there is digged a round pit of three foot diameter and foure foot depth frithed on the sides which is continually fedde with the water soaking
escapes this sport I take Where pond doth th' Ocean captiue make I carried once a purpose to build a little woodden banqueting house on the Iland in my pond which because some other may perhaps elsewhere put in executiō it wil not do much amisse to deliuer you the plot as the same was deuised for mee by that perfectly accomplished gentleman the late Sir Arthure Champernowne The Iland is square with foure rounds at the corners like Mount-Edgecumb This should first haue bene planched ouer and rayled about with ballisters In the midst there should haue risen a boorded roome of the like fashion but lesser proportion so to leaue sufficient space betweene that and the rayles for a walke round about this square roome should within side haue bene sieled roundwise and in three of the places where the round ioyned with the square as many windowes should haue bene set the fourth should haue serued for a dore Of the 4. turrets shut out by this round one should haue made a kitchin the second a store-house to keepe the fishing implements the third a buttery the fourth a stayre for ascending to the next loft which next loft should haue risen on the flat roofe of the lower in a round forme but of a lesser size againe so to leaue a second Tarras like the other and as the square roome below was sieled round so should this vpper round roome be sieled square to the end that where the side walles and sieling ioyned three windowes and a doore might likewise find their places The voyd spaces betweene the round and square hee would haue turned to Cupboardes and boxes for keeping other necessary vtensiles towards these sishing feasts Ouer-against this pond lyeth beggers Iland so called as our neighbours relate euer since my great grandsire espying 2. of that idle occupation at a hote combate on the shore while he was rowing homewards from Saltash tooke them into his boat there set them on land to try as in a lists the vttermost of their quarrell which place they could not quir vntil the low water should enfranchise them by wading the respite vent out the aly e fume of their fury About 40. yeres agoe it chanced that a boat ouerfraighted with people in rowing downe the riuer from Saltash market was by the extreme weather sunk neere to a place called Henpoint and all the folke drowned sauing one onely woman named Agnes the wife of one Cornish whome it pleased God so to protect and direct that in her first popping vp againe which most liuing things accustome shee espyed the boat after it had discharged his burtlien risen likewise and floting by her full of water whereon she got holde sate astride vpon one of his sides and by the winde and tyde was vnusually and almost miraculously driuen athwart the chanell to a place called Wilcoue where shee no sooner stepped ashore but the boat as hauing done his enioyned errand presently recommitted itself to the stormes disposition The woman thus freed from one perill at sea aduentured another of little lesse consequence at land for being not yet throughly restored to her sēse she clymed vp the cliffe in such a steepe place as the very consideration thereof doth euer sithence halfe amaze the beholders But that ground was foreordained to her good for not long after her husband tooke the same with the rest of the tenement in lease and it now serueth her for a dwelling and many others by her charitie for a reliefe Her sayd husband their two onely sonnes at seuerall times by one kind of misfortune found their buriall in the waues The Oysters dredged in this Lyner finde a welcomer acceptance where the taste not appetite is Cater for the stomack then those of the adioyning Tamer which groweth as I coniecture because Lyners lesser streame leaueth them to bee seasoned with a more kindely and better relished saltnes The next parish vpō this riuer is called Sheuiock somtimes the anciēt Dannyes inheritance inhabitance by whose daughter heire the same together with other faire possessions descended to the Earles of Deuon In the church there lie two Knights of that name and one of their ladies by her husbands side hauing their pictures embossed on their tombes in the side walles and their Armes once painted round about but now by the malice not of men but of time defaced They are held to be father and sonne and that the sonne slayne in our warres with Fraunce was from thence brought home to be here interred There runneth also a tale amongst the parishioners how one of these Dannyes ancestours vndertook to build the Church and his wife the barne adioyning and that casting vp their accounts vpon finishing of their workes the barne was found to cost three halfepence more then the Church and so it might well fall out for it is a great barne and a little Church In this parish standeth Crasthole which by the high site might more fitly be termed Open hill a poore village but a much frequented thorow-fare somewhat infamous not vpon any present desert but through an inueterate byword viz. that it is peopled with 12. dwellings and 13. cuckolds for as the dwellings are more then doubled so I hope the cuckolds are lesse then singled Howsoeuer many wayfarers make themselues glee by putting the Inhabitants in minde of this priuiledge who againe especially the women like the Campellians in the North and the London Bargers forslow not to baigne them vnlesse they plead their heels the faster with a worse perfume then Iugurth found fault with in the dungeon where the Romanes buried him aliue to attend his languishing and miserable death Vpon Sheuiock abbutteth S. Germanes the greatest parish in Cornwall if you ioyne to the store of people the quantity and quality of the soyle wherethrough it affoordeth commodious dwellings to sundry ancient Gentlemen and wealthy Farmours amongst which first sort I may not without withdrawing my testimony due to venue omit M. George Keckwitch of Catch-French a house so named by likelyhood for some former memorable though now forgotten accident whose continuall large and inquisitiue liberality to the poore did in the late deare yeres extraordinarily extend it selfe to an inuiting emulation but beyond the apprehensiue imitation of any other in the shire He hath issue by Blanch the daughter of Sir Frauncis Godolphin his father George maried Buller his graundsire their ancient dwelling was in Essex where this Gentleman enioyeth fayre possessions beareth for his armes Ar. two Lyons in bend passant Sa. cotised G. The Church towne mustreth many inhabitants and sundry ruines but little wealth occasioned eyther through abandoning their fishing trade as some conceiue or by their being abandoned of the religious people as the greater sort imagine for in former times the Bishop of Cornwals See was from S. Petrocks in Bodmyn remooued hither as from hence when the Cornish Dioces vnited with Deuon it passed to Crediton
and lastly from thence to Excester But this first losse receyued reliefe through a succeeding Priory which at the general suppression changing his note with his coate is now named Port Eliot and by the owners charity distributeth pro virili the almes accustomably expected and expended at such places Neither will it I thinke much displease you to heare how the gentlemans ancestour of whom master Eliot bought it came by the same Iohn Champernowne sonne and heire apparant to Sir Philip of Deuon in H. the 8. time followed the Court and through his pleasant conceits of which much might be spoken wan some good grace with the King Now when the golden showre of the dissolued Abbey lands rayned welnere into euery gapers mouth some 2. or 3. gentlemen the Kings seruants and master Champernownes acquaintance waited at a doore where the King was no passe forth with purpose to beg such a matter at his hands Our gentleman became inquisitiue to know their suit they made strange to impart it Thiâ—â—â—hile out comes the King they kneele down so doth master Champernowne they preferre their petition the King graunts it they render humble thanks and so doth M. Champernowne afterwards he requireth his share they deny it he appeales to the King the King avoweth his equall meaning in the largesse whereon the ouertaken companions were fayne to allot him this Priory for his partage The parish Church answereth in bignesse the large proportion of the parish the surplusage of the Priory a great part of whose chauncell anno 1592. fel suddenly downe vpon a Friday very shortly after publike seruice was ended which heauenly fauour of so little respite saued many persons liues with whoÌ„ immediately before it had bene stuffed and the deuout charges of the well disposed parishioners quickly repayred this ruine At the townes end Cuddenbeak an ancieÌ„r house of the Bishops from a well aduaunced Promontory which intituled it Beak taketh a pleasant prospect of the riuer In this parish lyeth Bake the mansion of the foreremeÌ„bred M. Ro. Moyle who maried Anne daughter of M. Lock as he did mistris Vaughan a Gentlewoman suppressing her rare learning with a rarer modesty yet expressing the same in her vertuous life and Christian decease Iohn father to Robert maried Agnes daughter of Semtabyn and his father 〈…〉 daughter of Forteskew to whom that dwelling first descended He beareth for his Armes G. a Moyle passant Ar. A part of this parish confineth on the maine sea offreth a faire landing place called Seaton howbeit by a handsome fence forbidding any foes inuasion it is ouerlooked vpon the one side of the riuer which there dischargeth his streame into the Ocean by Keuerel the ancient house of the Langdons Gent. in former times of faire reuennues whose Armes are Ar. a Cheuron betweene 3. Beares heads erased Sa. The house perhaps borowing his name of Cheâ—ereal al French word signifying a wild Goat as those high elifs affoord them a commodious inhabitance and on the other by Tregonnock the dwelling of M. Tho Smith who in a quiet honest retirednes findeth that contentmet which many ambitious heads far and wide doe vainely seeke for he maried Tre 〈…〉 his father Robert one of the daughters and heires to Killigrew and his sonne Iohn Priscilla the daughter of M. Geo. Wadham His Armes B. a Soultier Ar. betweene 4. Martlets O. Leauing S. Germanes and passing through Laurake parish in which M. Peter Courtney hath an high seated house called WottoÌ„ you descend to Noddet or bridge where the riuer Lyner first mingleth his fresh streame with the brinish waues touching whose name and quality one delighted in the solitary solace of his banks more affecting his owne recreation then hunting after any others good liking descanted thus WHo first gaue Lyners name Or from what cause it came Hard 't is for certaine to expresse Experience yet directs By tryall of effects Thereatto ayme and frame a gesse Is 't that as she thee bear'th So thou doest line the earth With purfeld streames of blew and white Or at a line doth guide So thou doest leuell slide And throw'st into the sea thy mite Is 't that with twisted line The Angler doth vntwine The fishes life by giuing-breath Or as the threshing lout Rusheth his Lyners out So Lyner on his course rushetht Or as some puppy feat Liueth a mastiue great And getteth whelps of mongrell kinde Lyner the sea so lines And streame with waue combines Begetting waters freshly brin'de Item WHen Sunne the earth least shadow spares And highest stalles in heauen his seat Then Lyners peeble bones he bares Who like a lambe doth lowly blear And faintly sliding euery rock Plucks from his foamy fleece a lock Before a riuer now a rill Before a fence now searce a bound Children him ouer-leape at will Small beasts his deepest bottome sound The heauens with brasse enarch his head And earth of yron makes his bed But when the milder-mooded skie His face in mourning weedes doth wrap For absence of his clearest die And drops teares in his Centers lap Lyner gynnes Lyon-like to roare And scornes old bankes should bound him more Then second Sea he rolles and bear's Rockes in his wombe riekes on his backe Downe-borne bridges vptorne wear's Witnesse and wayle his force their wracke Into mens houses fierce he breakes And on each stop his rage he wreakes Shepheard adiew's his swymming flocke The Hinde his whelmed haruest hope The strongest rampire fear 's his shocke Plaines scarce oan serue to giue him scope Nor hils a barre whereso he stray'th Ensue losse terrour ruine death In following the course of Lyner you fall downe by Master Bonds auncient house of Earth descended to his auncesters from the daughter and heire of that name to that of Master Wiuels newly and fayrely builded on which abbutteth Ma. Bullers Shillingham not so much beholden to the owners inhabitance as to natures pleasant and commodious seating Bond married with Fountaine his father with Fits his Armes are Ar. on a Cheuron Sa. three Befants Next wee take view of Trematon Castle as it doth of the Hauen and Countrie adioyning It is or rather was one of the Dukes foremencioned foure houses for now all the inner buildings are sunke into ruine onelythere remaine the Iuie-tapissed wals of the Keepe and base Court and a poore dwelling for the keeper of the Gayle to which prisoners are brought vpon actions from al places appurtenaÌ„t to that large Lordship if they cannot by suretiship discharge themselues from the Bailiefes arrest I haue receiued information from one auerring eye-witnes that about fourescore yeres since there was digged vp in the Parish Chauncell a Leaden coffin which being opened shewed the proportion of a verie bigge man but when the hands went about to ascertaine themselues as well as their eyes the body verified that Omnis caro puluis The partie farder told me how a writing graued in the Lead expressed the same to bee the
Church of Launceston it selfe fetcheth his title of dedication from Mary Magdalen whose image is curiously hewed in a side of the wall and the whole Church fayrely builded The towne was first founded saith M. Hooker by Eadulphus brother to Alpsius Duke of Deuon and Cornwall and by his being girded with a wall argueth in times past to haue caried some valew A newe increase of wealth expresseth it selfe in the Inhabitants late repayred and enlarged buildings They are gouerned by a Maior and his scarlet-robde brethren and reape benefit by their fayres and markets and the County Assizes The Statute of 32. Henry 8. which tooke order touching Sanctuaries endowed this towne with the priuiledge of one but I find it not turned to any vse To the town there is adioynant in site but sequestred in iurisdiction an ancient Castle whose steepe rocky-footed Keepe hath his top enuironed with a treble wal and in regard thereof men say was called Castle terrible The base court compriseth a decayed Chappell a large hall for holding the shire Assizes the Constables dwelling house and the common Gayle About 60 yeeres past there were found certaine leather coynes in the Castle wall whose faire stamp and strong substance till then resisted the assault of time as they would now of couetousnesse A little without the towne were founded a Friery and anno 1128. an Abbey furthered by Reignald Earle of Cornwall About 2. miles distant from Launceston Penheale mannour coasteth the high way claiming the right of anciēt demain sometimes appertaining to the Earles of Huntingdon but purchased not long sithence by the late M. George Greinuile who descended from a yonger brother of that family and through his learning and wisdome aduanced his credit to an especiall good regard in his Countrey He maried Iulian one of the 6. daughters and heires of William Viel and Iane the daughter to Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerne Richard his father tooke to wife one of Kelwayes heires and Degory his graund-father one of the inheritors to Tregarthen which helps together with his owne good husbandry haue endowed his sonne with an elder brothers liuelyhood he beareth G. three Restes O. In Lezant parish heereby master Christopher Harris owneth a third part of Trecarell the proiect and onset of a sumptuous building as coheire to the last Gentleman of that name but admitteth no partner in the sweetly tempered mixture of bounty and thrift grauity and pleasantnes kindnesse and stoutnes which grace all his actions Hee beareth Sa. three Croissants within aborder A. Neither may wee forget Master Coringtons house of Newton old to him by succession yet new in respect of his owne antiquitie diuers his auncestors haue reaped the praise and reputation of a stayed carriage howbeit one of them through his rash but merrie prankes is to this day principally remembred by the name of the mad Corington I haue heard him deliuer an obseruation that in eight liniall descents no one borne heire of his house euer succeeded to the land hee beareth A. a Saultier Sa. Trebigh a priuiledged franchise is by his Lord Master William Wray conuerted to a generall welcomer of his friends and neighbours Hee married the daughter of Sir William Courtney his father the coheire of Killigrew Hee beareth Sa. a Fesse betweene three battel-axes A. Poole for his low and moyst seate is not vnaptly named houseth Sir Ionathan Trelawny farre beneath his worth calling he married Sir Henry Killigrews daughter his father the coheire of Reskimer his graundfather Lamellyns Inheritrix Poole standeth in Mynhinet parish where Sir Ionathan hath a large priuiledged Mānour of the same name the Benefice is giuen by Excester Colledge in Oxford none but the fellowes admittable wherethrough it hath sccessiuely beene graced with three well borne well learned and welbeloued Incumbents Doctor Tremayne Master Billet and Master Denis Out of Sir Ionathans house is also descended Master Edward Trelawny a Gentleman qualified with many good parts Their armes are A. a Cheuron S. betweene three Oke-leaues Vert. Sundrie other Gent. rest beholden to this hundred for their dwellings who in an enuiable mediocritie of fortune do happilie possesse themselues and communicate their sufficient means to the seruice of their prince the good of their neighbours and the bettering of their own estate of which sort are M. Becket who beareth S. a Fesse betweene three Boares heads coped sixe Crosses crosselet Fichee O. M. Tregodecke who beareth A. a Cheuron betweene three Buckles S. M. Spurre G. on a Cheuron O. a rose of the first and 2. mullets pearnd S. M. Bligh B. a Griffon legreant O. armed G. betweene 3. Croissants A. M. Lower B. a Cheuron engrayled O. betweene three Roses A. M. Treuisa G. a garb O. M. Chiuerton A. a Castle S. standing on a hill V. Manaton A on a Bend S. three mullets of the field and some others Stratton Hundred STratton Hundred extendeth the breadth of Cornewall to the North as that of East beginneth it on the South and therefore it shall next succeede His circuit is slender but his fruitfulnesse great and the Inhabitants industrie commendable who reape a large benefit from their orchyards and gardens but specially from their Garlick the Countreymans Triacle which they vent not onely into Cornwall but many other shires besides Stratton the onely market towne of this Hundred gaue the same his name and if I mistake not taketh it from Strota a street other memorable matter to report thereof I finde not any Vpon one side of the towne lyeth master Chamonds house and place of Launcels so called for that it was sometimes a Cell appertaining to the Abbot of Hartlond This Gentlemans father late deceased receiued at Gods hands an extraordinarie fauour of long life Hee serued in the office of a Iustice of peace almost 60. yeeres He knew aboue 50. seuerall Iudges of the westerne cercuit He was vncle and great vncle to at least 300. wherein yet his vncle and neighbour master Greynuile parson of Kilkhampton did exceed him He married one of the daughters and heires of Treuenuer and by her saw fiue sonnes and two daughters the yongest out-stepping 40. yeeres Sir Iohn Chamond his father a man learned in the common lawes was knighted at the Sepulchre and by dame Iane widdowe to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice and daughter to Sir Thomas Greynuile had an elder sonne called Thomas whose two daughters and heires by Arscot caried part of the lands to Tripcony and Treuanion with whome they matched Master Chamond beareth A. a Cheuron betweene 3. flowers de Luce G. In Launcels parish also standeth Norton the house of M. Tristram Arscot a Gēt who by his trauailing abroad in his yonger yeres hath the better enabled himselfe to discharge his calling at home He tooke to wife Eulalia the widdow of the wise and vertuous M. Edmond Tremayne and daughter of Sir Iohn Sentleger whose stately house of Anery in Deuon he purchased
the title of the worlds Empire with Pompey the towne boyes without any mans commaund parted in twayne the one side calling themselues Pompeyans the other Caesarians and then darrayning a kinde of battell but without Armes the Caesarians got the ouerhand A like prank vnder the like assumed names and with like successe and boding they plaied when Octauius and Anthony were with like meanes to decide the like Soueraignty And to the same purpose Procopius affirmeth that the Samnite boyes when they draue their cattel to feeding after their vsuall maner of pastime chose out amongst themselues two of the best actiuity and seemelinesse the one they named Bellisarius Generall for Iustinian the Emperour in Italy the other Vitiges king of the Gothes against whome hee wanted In the buckling of these counterfeite Commaunders it fell out that Vitiges had the worst whome the aduerse party with a iesting and craking maner hanged vp at the next tree in earnest but yet with no intent to kill him This while it happens that a Woolfe is descryed away runne the boyes fast abides the imaginary Felon and so fast that for want of timely rescouse the breath poasted out of his body and left the same a liuelesse carkase The which notifyed to the Samnites quitted the striplings or slipstrings of their punishment but encreased the dismay of the elder people A like accident befell sithence by testimony of the ceremonious Texera as a presage of Lewes the Prince of Condyes death 1509. Foure daies before which at Xaintes the youth of all sorts from 9. to 22. yeres age assembled and of their owne accord chose two Commaunders one they entitled the Prince of Condy the other Mounsieur who then lay in the field against him For three dayes space they violently assaulted each other with stones clubs and other weapons vntill at last it grewe to Pistoles by one of which the imaginary Prince receiued a quelling wound in his head about 10. a clock in the morning the very howre faith this Portugall confessour that the Prince himselfe by a like shot was slaughtered The same authour voucheth a semblable chaunce somewhat before the siege of Rochell 1572. where some of the boyes banded themselues as for the Maior and others for the King who after 6. dayes skirmishing at last made a composition and departed euen as that siege endured sixe moneths and finally brake vp in a peace So doth Mercurius Gallobelgicus giue vs to wit that in the yeere 1594. a Turkish Beglerbey of Greece either seeking by a fore-coniecture to be ascertained himselfe or desirdus to nusle the yonger sort in martiall exployts led out of Alba Regalis about 600. Turkish boyes aged betweene 11. and 14. yeeres and seuered them into two troups terming the one The Christian the other The Turkish batalion Those he directed to call vpon Iesus these vpon Hala both parts hee enioyned to bicker coragiously and egged them onward with the enticemeÌ„t of rewards The token is giuen the forces encounter the fight is hote In the end the Turks betake themselues to their heeles and Iesus party carryeth away the victory But such occurrents do not alwayes either foregoe or foresignifie for sometimes they fall out idle and sometimes not at all How beit Nicetaes Chaniates taketh it very vnkindly that God would not spare some watch-word out of his prescieÌ„ce to the Constantinopolitanes what time Baldryn Earle of Flaunders and others first assisted and then conquered their Citie Touching Veall the Merecurialist I haue spoken in my former booke The youthlyer sort of Bodmyn townsmen vse sometimes to sport themselues by playing the box with straÌ„gers whome they summon to Halgauer The name signifieth the Goats moore and such a place it is lying a little without the towne and very full of quauemires When these mates meete with any rawe seruingman or other young master who may serue and deserue to make pastime they cause him to be solemnely arrested for his appearance before the Maior of Halgauer where he is charged with wearing one spurre or going vntrussed or wanting a girdle or some such like felony and after he hath beene arraygned and tryed with all requisite circumstances iudgement is giuen in formatterines and executed in some one vngracious pranke or other more to the skorne then hurt of the party condemned Hence is sprung the prouerb when we see one stouenly appareled to say He shall be presented in Halguer Court But now and then they extend this merriment with the largest to the preiudice of ouer-credulous people perswading them to fight with a DragoÌ„ lurking in Halgauer or to see some straÌ„ge matter there which concludeth at least with a trayning them into the mire Within short space after the great same dispersed touching the rare effects of Warwickshire wels some idle enuious head raysed a brute that there rested no lesse vertue forsooth for healing all diseases in a plentifull spring neere vnto Bodmyn called Scarlets well which report grew so farre and so fast that folke ranne slocking thither in huge numbers from all quarters But the neighbour Iustices finding the abuse and looking into the consequence forbad the resort lequestred the spring and suppressed the miracle How beit the water should seeme to be healthfull if not helpfull for it retaineth this extraordinary quality that the same is waightier then the ordinary of his kinde and will continue the best part of a yeere without alteration of sent or taste onely you shall see it represent many colours like the Raine-bowe which in my conceite argueth a running thorow some minerall veine and thoâ—â— withall a possessing of some vertue Aside from this towne towards the North sea extendeth a fruitfull veine of land comprizing certayne parishes which serueth better then any other place in Cornwall for Winter feeding and suitably enricheth the Farmours Herethrough sundry Gentlemen haue there planted their seates as in S. Kew master Carnsew at Bokelly in S. Endelion master Roscarrock at his house of the same denomination besides master Penkeuel Nichols Barret Flammack Caud and diuers more Carnsew rightly Carndeaw purporteth in Cornish a blackrock and such a one the heire owneth which gaue name to his ancient possessed mannour as the mannour to his ancestours His house Bokelly may be deriued from Both in Cornish a Goate and kelly which is lost and the Goate he giueth for his Armes This GeÌ„t father married the daughter of Fits in Deuon and left behinde him three sonnes Richard Mathew and William with two daughters those brought vp in learning and experience abroade these in vertue and modesty at home the fruites whereof they taste and expresse in a no lesse praise-worthy then rare-continuing concord hauing not through any constrayning necessitie or constraintiue vowe but on a voluntary choyce made their elder brothers maÌ„sion a Colledge of single liuing kind entertaining Amongst whoÌ„ I may not omit the yongest brother whose well qualified and sweete pleasing sufficiency draweth him
of K. Alfred namely how comming into Cornwall on hunting he turned aside for doing his deuotion into a Church where S. Guorijr and S. Neot made their abode quare whether he meane not their burials or rather so resolue because Asser so deliuers it and there found his orisons seconded with a happy effect Next I will relate you another of the Cornish natural wonders viz. S. Kaynes well but lest you make a wonder first at the Saint before you take notice of the well you must vnderstand that this was not Kayne the manqueller but one of a gentler spirit and milder sex to wit a woman He who caused the spring to be pictured added this rime for an exposition In name in shape in quality This well is very quaint The name to let of Kayne befell No ouer-holy Saint The shape 4. trees of diuers kinde Witby Oke Elme and Ash Make with their roots an arched roofe Whose floore this spring doth wash The quality that man or wife Whose chance or choice attaines First of this sacred streame to drinke Ther thy the mastry gaines In this Hundred the rubble of certaine mines and ruines of a fining house conuince Burchard Craneigh the Duchmans vaine endeuour in seeking of siluer owter howbeit hee afterwards lighted on a thriftier vayne of practising phisike át London where he grewe famous by the name of Doctor Bureot Killigarth being interpreted in English signifieth He hath lost his griping or reaching and by his present fortune in some sort iustifieth that name for the same hath lately forgone Sir William Beuill whome it embraced as owner Inhabitant by his sudden death and is passed into the possession of the faire Lady his widdow by her husbands conueyance It yeeldeth a large viewe of the South coast and was it selfe in Sir Williams life time much visited through his franke inuitingâ— The mention of this Knight calleth to my remembrance a sometimes vncouth seruaunt of his whose monstrous conditions partly resembled that Polyphemus described by Homâ—â— and Virgil and liuely imitated by Ariosto in his Orco or rather that Egyptian Polyphagus in whome by Suetonius report the Emperour Nero tooke such pleasure This fellow was taken vp by Sir William vnder a hedge in the deepest of Winter welneere starued with cold and hunger hee was of staturemeane of constitution leane of face freckled of composition well proportioned of diet naturally spare and cleanely inough yet at his masters bidding he would deuoure nettles thistles the pith of Artichokes raw and liuing birds and fishes with their scales and feathers burning coles and candles and whatsoeuer else howsoeuer vnsauorie if it might be swallowed neither this a little but in such quantitie as it often bred a second wonder how his belly should containe so much yet could no man at any time discouer him doing of that which necessitie of nature requireth Moreouer he would take a hot yron out of the fire with his bare hand neuer changed his apparell but by constraint and vsed to lie in strawe with his head downe and his heeled vpwards Spare he was of speech and in stead of halfe his words vsed this terme Size as I will Size him for strike him hee is a good Size for man c. Ouer-sleeping or some other accident made him to lose a day in his accompt of the weeke so as he would not beleeue but that Sunday was Saterday Saterday Friday c. To Sir William he bare such faithfulnesse that hee would follow his horse like a spanyell without regard of way or wearinesse waite at his chamber doore the night time suffering none to come neere him and performe whatsoeuer hee commanded were it neuer so vndawfull or dangerous On a time his master expecting strangers sent him with a panier to his 〈◊〉 at the sea side to fetch some fish In his way he passed by a riuer whereinto the tide then flowed and certaine fishermen were drawing their nets which after Iohn Size had a while beheld hee casts to haue a share amongst them for his master So into the water he leaps and there for the space of a flight shoot wadeth and walloweth for swimme hee could not sometimes vp and sometimes downe carrying his panier still before him to his owne extreame hazard of drowning and the beholders great pittying vntill at last all wet and wearied out he scrambleth and home he hieth with a bitter complaint to his master of his ill fortune that he could not catch some fish aswell as the rest where so much was going In this sort he continued for 〈◊〉 yeeres vntill vpon I wot not what veâ—â—â—â— or vnkindnesse away he gets and abroad he rogues which remitter brought him in the end to his foredeferred and not auoyded destiny for as vnder a hedge hee was formd pyning so vnder a hedge hee found his miserable death through penury Sir Williams father maried the daughter of Militon his graundfather the daughter and heire of Bear whose liuelyhood repayred what the elder brothers daughters had impaired The Beuils Armesart A a Bull passant G. armed and tripped O. In the same parish where Killigarth is seated Master Murth inheriteth a house and demaynes Hee maried Treffry his father Tregose One of their auncestours within the memorie of a next neighbour to the house called Prake burdened with 110. yeeres age entertained a British miller as that people for such idle occupations proue more handie then our owne But this fellowes seruice befell commodious in the worst sense For when not long after his acceptance warres growe betweene vs France hestealeth ouer into his countrey returneth priuily backe againe with a French crew surprizeth suddenly his master and his ghosts at a Chrisemas supper carrieth them speedily vnto Lahueghey and for coth the Gent. to redeeme his enlargement with the sale of a great part of his reuenewes A little to the Westwards from Killigarth the poore harbour and village of Polpera coucheth betweene 2. steepe hils where plenty of fish is vented to the fish driuers whom we call Iowters The warmth of this Hundred siding the South hath entierd many Gent. here to make choyce of their dwellings as M. Buller now Sherife at Tregarrick sometimes the Widestades inheritance vntill the fathers rebellion for feited it to the Prince and the Princes largesse rewarded therewith his subiects Wides lades some led a walking life with his harpe to Gentlemens houses wherethrough and by his other actiue qualities hee was intitled Sir Tristram neither wanted he as some say a bele I sound the more aprly to resemble his patterne Master Buller married the daughter of one Williams a Counsellour at lawe in Deuon his father a younger branch of the ancient stocke planted in Somerset shire tooke to wise the widdowe of Courtney and daughter and heire to Trethurffe by whose dower and his owne indeuour he purchased and left to his sonne faire possessions but not vnencumbred with titles which draue
wise and pleasant conceited Gent. matched with Tremayue After wee haue quitted Restormel Roche becomes our next place of soiourne though hardly inuiting with promise of any better entertainement then the name carieth written in his forehead to wit a huge high and steepe rock seated in a playne girded on either side with as it were two substitutes and meritorious no doubt for the Hermite who dwelt on the top thereof were it but in regard of such an vneasie climing to his cell and Chappell a part of whose naturall wals is wrought out of the rock it selfe Neere the foote of Roche there lyeth a rock Ieuell with the ground aboue and hollow downwards with a winding depth which contayneth water reported by some of the neighbours to ebbe flowe as the sea Of these as another Cornish wonder You neighbour-scorners holy-prowd Goe people Roche's cell Farre from the world neere to the heau'ns There Hermits may you dwell Is 't true that Spring in rock hereby Doth tide-wise ebbe and flow Or haue wee foolas with lyers met Fame saies it be it so From hence ascending easily the space of a mile you shall haue wonne the top of the Cornish Archbeacon Hainborough which as little to great may for prospect compare with Rama in Palestina Henius in Medica Collà lto in Italy and Sceafel in the I le of Man for if the weathers darkenesse bounde not your eye-sight within his ordynarie extent you shall thence plainely discerne to the Eastwards a great part of Deuon to the West very neere the lands end to the North and South the Ocean and sundrie Ilands scattered therein wherethrough it passeth also for a wonder Haynboroughs wide prospect at once Both feedes and gluts your eye With Cornwals whole extent as it In length and breadth doth lie At Ladocke in this Hundred dwelleth master Peter Courtney who doubly fetcheth his pedigree from that honourable stocke and embraceth the contentment of a quiet priuate life before the publike charge in his Countrie due to his calling and to which long sithence he hath bene called His father married as I haue shewed the daughter coheire of Trethurffe himselfe Reskimers his sonne the daughter of Saintabyn he beareth O. three Torteaux and a File with as many Lambeaux B. Leo After in the delightfull and approued description of his Countrie telleth vs of a blind guide who would readily and safely conduct straunger trauailers ouer the huge Deserts with which that region aboundeth and that the meanes he vsed was in certaine distances to smell at the sand which gaue him perfect notice of the places Likewise Lewes Guicciardin in his booke of Netherland maketh report of one Martyn Catelyn borne at Weruicke in Flaunders who falling blind before he attained two yeeres age grew notwithstanding by his owne industrie without any teacher to such a perfection in Timber handy-craft as he could not only turne and make Virginals Organes Vyolons and such like Instruments with great facilitie order and proportion but also tune and handsomely play vpon them and besides deuised many seruiceable tooles for his science These examples I thrust out before me to make way for a not much lesse straunge relation touching one Edward Bone sometimes seruant to the said master Courtney which fellow as by the assertion of diuers credible persons I haue beene informed deafe from his cradle and consequently dumbe would yet bee one of the first to learne and expresse to his master any newes that was sturring in the Countrie especially if there went speech of a Sermon within some myles distance hee would repaire to the place with the foonest and setting himselfe directly against the Preacher looke him stedfastly in the face while his Sermon lasted to which religious zeale his honest life was also answerable For as hee shunned all lewd parts himselfe so if hee espied any in his fellow seruants which hee could and would quickely doe his master should straightwayes know it and not rest free from importuning vntill either the fellow had put away his fault or their master his fellow And to make his minde knowne in this and all other matters hee vsed verie effectuall signes being able therethrough to receiue and performe any enioyned errand Besides hee was assisted with so firme a memorie that hee would not onely know any partie whome hee had once seene for euer after but also make him knowne to any other by some speciall obseruation and difference Vpon a brother of his God laide the like infirmitie but did not recompence it with the like raritie Somewhat neere the place of his birth there dwelt another so affected or rather defected whose name was Kempe which two when they chaunced to meete would vse such kinde imbracements such strange often and earnest rokenings and such heartie laughters and other passionate gestures that their want of a tongue seemed rather an hinderance to others conceiuing them then to their conceiuing one another Gwarnack in this Hundred was the Beuils ancient seate whose two daughters and heires married Arundel of Trerice and Greinnile Wolueden alias Golden fell vnto Tregian by match with the Inheritrix thereof Tregean signifieth the Giants towne their sonne married in Lanherne house their Graund-child with the L. Stourtons daughter hee beareth Erm. on a chiefe S. three Marilers O. It standethin Probus Parish whose high and faire Church towre of hewed Moore stone was builded within compasse of our remembrance by the well disposed Inhabitants and here also dwelleth one Williams a wealthie and charitable Farmer Graund-father to fixtie persons how liuing and able lately to ride twelue myles in a morning for being witnesse to the christening of a child to whome hee was great great Graund-father From hence drawing towards the Southsea wee will touch at the late Parke of Lanhadron because there groweth an Oke bearing his leaues speckled with white as doth another called Painters Oke in the Hundred of East but whether the former partake any supernaturall propertie to foretoken the owners-soone insuing death when his leaues are al of one colour as I haue heard some report let those affirme who better know it certaine it is that diuers auncient families in England are admonished by such predictions Grampond if it tooke that name from any great Bridge hath now Nomen sine re for the Bridge there is supported with onely a few arches and the Corporation but halfe replenished with Inhabitants who may better vaunt of their townes antiquitie then the towne of their abilitie Of Pentuan I haue spoken before For the present it harboureth master Dart who as diuers other Gentlemen well descended and accommodated in Deuon doe yet rather make choyce of a pleasing and retired equalitie in the little Cornish Angle Hee matched with Roscarrocke Penwarne in the same Parish of Meuagesy Alias S. Meuie and Isy two nothing ambitious Saints in resting satisfied with the partage of so pettie a limit is
amidst his foes By courage guided sought and scapt his death Loe here amongst his friends whom liking chose And nature lent hath vp resign'd his breath Vnripened fruit in grouth precious in hope Rare in effect had fortune giuen scope Our eyes with teares performe thine obsequy And hearts with sighes since hands could yeeld none aid Our tongues with praise preserue thy memory And thing his with grieft since we behind are staid Coswarth farewell death which vs parts atwaine E're long in life shall vs conioyne againe His sister maried Kendall Edward his vncle and heire by vertue of these entayles married the daughter of Arundel of Trerice and from a ciuill Courtiers life in his younger yeeres reposeth his elder age on the good husbandry of the country hauing raised posterity sufficient for transplanting the name into many other quarters He beareth A. on a Cheuron betweene three wings B. fiue Bezants Against you haue passed towards the West somewhat more then a mile Trerice anciently Treres oftreth you the viewe of his costly and commodious buildings What Tro is you know already res signifieth a rushing of fieeting away and vpon the declyning of a hill the house is seated In Edward the 3. raigne Ralphe Arundel matched with the heire of this land and name since which time his issue hath there continued and encreased their liuelyhood by sundry like Inheritours as S. Iohn Iew Durant Thurlebear c. Precisely to rip vp the whole pedigree were more tedious then behoouefull and therefore I will onely as by the way touch some fewe poynts which may serue in part to shew what place regard they haue borne in the Common wealth There was an Indenture made betweene Hugh Courtney Earle of Deuon Leiutenant to the King for a sea voyage in defence of the Realme and Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerice for accompanying him therein He was Sherife of Cornwall Iohn Earle of Huntingdon vnder his seale of Armes made Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerice Seneshall of his houshold as well in peace as in warre gaue him ten pound fee and allowed him entertaynment in his house for one Gentleman three Yeoman one boy and sixe horses The same Earle stiling himselfe Lieutenant generall to Iohn Duke of Bedford Constable and Admirall of England wrote to the said Sir Iohn Arundel then Vice-admirall of Cornwall for the release of a ship which hee had arrested by vertue of his office The Queene by her letter aduertised Iohn Arundel of Trerice Esquire that she was brought in child-bed of a Prince The King wrote to Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerice that he should giue his attendance at Canterbury about the entertaynment of the Emperour whose landing was then and there expected Iohn Arundel of Trerice Esquire tooke prisoner Duncane Campbell a Scot in a fight at sea as our Chronicle mentioneth concerning which I though it not amisse to insert a letter sent him from Tho. Duke of Norfolke to whom he then belonged that you may see the stile of those dayes By the Duke of Norf. RIght welbeloued in our hearty wise we commend vs vnto you letting you with that by your seruant this bearer wee haue receiued your letters dated at Truru the 5. day of this moneth of April by which we perceyue the goodly valiant and ieopardous enterprise it hath pleased God of late to send you by the taking of Duncane Camel other Scots on the sea of which enterprise we haue made relation vnto the Kings Highnesse who is not a little ioyous and glad to heare of the same and hath required vs instantly in his name to giue you thanks for your said valiant courage and bolde enterprise in the premises and by these our letters for the same your so doing we doe not onely thanke you in our most effectuall wise but also promise you that during our life wee will bee glad to aduaunce you to any preferment we can And ouer this you shall vnderstand our said Soueraigne Lords pleasure is that you shall come and repaire to his Highnes with diligence in your owne person bringing with you the said Captiue and the Master of the Scottish ship at which time you shall not onely be sure of his especiall thanks by mouth to know his further pleasure therein but also of vs to further any your reasonable pursuits vnto his Highnes or any other during our life to the best of our power accordingly Written at Lambeth the 11. day of Aprill aforesaid Superscribed To our right welbeloued seruant Iohn Arundell of Trerice The King wrote to Sir Iohn Ar. of Trerice touching his discharge from the Admiralty of the fleete lately committed vnto him that he should deliuer the ship which he sayled in to Sir Nic. Poynts The same yere the King wrote to him againe that he should attend him in his warres against the French king with his seruants tenants and others within his roomes and offices especially horsemen Other letters from the King there are whose date is not expressed neither can I by any meanes hunt it out One to his seruant Iohn Arundel of Trerice Esquire willing him not to repaire with his men and to wayte in the rereward of his army as hee had commaunded him but to keepe them in a readinesse for some other seruice Another to Sir Iohn Arundel of Trerice praying and desiring him to the Court the Quindene of Saint Hillarie next wheresoeuer the King shall then bee within the Realme There are also letters directed to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice from the Kings Counsell by some of which it appeareth that hee was Vice admirall of the Kings shippes in the West seas and by others that hee had the goods and lands of certaine Rebels giuen him for his good seruice against them The Queene wrote to Sir Iohn Arundell of Trerice praying and requiring him that hee with his friends and neighbours should see the Prince of Spaine most honourably entertained if he fortuned to land in Cornwall Shee wrote to him being then Sherife of Cornwall touching the election of the Knights of the shire and the Burgesses for the Parliament Shee likewise wrote to him that notwithstanding the instructions to the Iustices hee should muster and furnish his seruants tenants and others vnder his rule and offices with his friends for the defence and quieting of the Countrie withstanding of enemies and any other imployment as also to certifie what force of horse and foote he could arme These few notes I haue culled out of many others Sir Iohn Arundell last mentioned by his first wife the coheire of Beuill had issue Roger who died in his fathers life time and Katherine married to Prideaux Roger by his wife Trendenham left behind him a sonne called Iohn Sir Iohns second wife was daughter to Erisy and widdow to Gourlyn who bare him Iohn his succeeder in Tretice and much other faire reuenewes whose due commendation because another might better
great deale of the sand water and fish which instant if it take any passenger tardy shrewdly endangereth him to flit for company and some haue so miscarried To this poole adioyneth M. Penrose his house whose kinde entertainment hath giuen mee and many others experience of these matters He maried the daughter of Rashleigh he beareth A. 3. Bendes S. charged with 9. restes of the field Those 2. riuers of Haill and Lo rising not farre asunder doe enclose betweene them as they runne into the sea a neck of land particularized with the name of Meneag and in regard of his fruitfulnesse not vnworthy of a seuerance Within this circuit lie Trelawarren M. Viuians house and Erisy seated in 2. parishes and descended by a long ranke of ancestours to the Gent. of that name now in ward His father married Carew his graundsire one of Militons coheires who ouerliuing her husband ended the course of her long and well commended widdowhood in becomming Lady to Sir Nicholas Parker The Eâ—zies beare S. a Cheuron betweene 3. Griffons Sergreant O. Clowance deriued from Cloow which signifieth to heare is the possession and dwelling of M. Saintabin whose very name besides the conquest roll deduceth his first ancestours out of Fraunce His graundfather married Greinuile his father one of Whittingtons coheires which later couple in a long and peaceable date of yeeres exercised a kinde liberall and neuer discontinued hospitality Himselfe tooke to wife the daughter of Mallet and with ripe knowledge and sound iudgement dischargeth the place which he beareth in his Countrey Hee beareth O. on a crosse G. fiue Bezaunts Pengueraz in Cornish importeth a head to help from which some deduce the Etymon of Pengersick a fayre house in an vnfruitfull soyle sometimes the inhabitance of M. Militon Captaine of the Mount and husband to Godolphin whose sonne being lost in his trauaile beyond the seas enriched 6. distafs with his inheritance They were bestowed in mariage but by me not orderly marshalled as followeth 1. to Erisy and Sir Nicholas Parker 2. to Laniue 3. to Trefuses and Tregâ—deck 4. to Trenwith Arundel and Hearle 5. to Bonithon 6. to Abbot Not farre from thence riseth Godolghan ball or hill at whose foote standeth a house of the same name and so intitling his owner though lately declined with a milder accent to Godolphin in Cornish it signifieth a white Eagle and such armes they carry in this sort G. an Eagle displayed with two heads betweene three Floures de luce A. This hill hath for diuers descents supplyed those Gent. bountifull mindes with large meanes accruing from their Tynne-works and is now possessed by Sir Frauncis Godolphin Knight whose zeale in religion vprightnesse in Iustice prouidence in gouernment and plentifull housekeeping haue wonne him a very great and reuerent reputation in his Countrey and these vertues together with his seruices to her Maiestie are so sufficiently knowne to those of highest place as my testimony can adde little light thereunto but by his labours and inuentions in Tynne matters not onely the whole Countrey hath felt a generall benefit so as the seuerall owners haue thereby gotten very great profit out of such refuse works as they before had giuen ouer for vnprofitable but her Maiesty hath also receyued encrease of her customes by the same at least to the value of 10. thousand pound Moreouer in those works which are of his owne particular inheritance hee continually keepeth at work three hundred persons or thereabouts the yerely benefit that out of those his works accrueth to her Maiestie amounteth communibus annis to one thousand pound at the least and sometimes to much more A matter very remorceable and perchaunce not to be matched againe by any of his sort and condition in the whole Realme He succeeded to the inheritance of his vnkle Sir William Godolphin who as hath bene said before demeaned himselfe verie valiantly in a charge which hee bare at Boloigne towards the latter end of the reigne of King Henry the 8. is like to leaue the same to another Sir William his sonne who giueth hope not onely of the sustaining but increasing of the reputation of his family Hee matched with Killigrew his father with Bonythou his Graund-father with Glynne Diuers other Gentlemen there dwell in this Hundred as Lanyne the husband of Kekewitch his father married Militon and beareth S. a Castle A. standing in waues B. ouer the same a Faulcon houering with bels O. Pernwarne that matched with the coheire of Tencreek who beareth S. a Cheuron betweene three Flowers de luce A. Lagherne who tooke to wife the daughter of Nants and beareth B. a Cheuron betweene three Escalops O. Nansperyan coupled in matrimonie with and his two daughters and heires apparent with Prideaux and Mathew who beareth A. three Losenges S. Penwith Hundred MY last labour for closing vp this wearisome Suruey is bounded as Cornwall it selfe and so the West part of England with Penwith Hundred The name in English signifieth the head of Ashen trees belike for some such eminent marke while the Countrie was better stored of Timber The Danes sayling about Penwith Steort saith Houeden made foule hauocke in Deuon and Cornwall Vpon the North sea lieth Nants which importeth a valley and houseth a Gent. who therethrough hath worne out his former name of Trengoue in English the Smithes towne and assumed this he married Sir Iohn Arundels daughter of Trerice and beareth A. a crosse haumed S. During summer season the Seales haunt a Caue in the Cliffe thereby and you shall see great store of them apparently shew themselues and approch verie neere the shore at the sound of any lowde musicke or other such noyse Beyond Nants M. Basses possesseth Tehiddy who married Godolphin his father Caffyn hee beareth O. three Piles in point G. a Canton Er. with a difference And so leauing these priuate Inhabitances keeping still the North coast we arriue at the towne and port of S. Ies both of meane plight yet with their best meanes and often to good and necessarie purpose succouring distressed shipping Order hath bene taken and attempts made for bettering the Road with a Peere but eyther want or slacknesse or impossibilitie hitherto withhold the effect the whiles plentie of fish is here taken and sold verie cheape As you row to the Westwards from hence the sea floweth into a large Caue farder vp then any man durst yet aduenture to discouer and the Cliffes thereabouts muster long strakes of a glittering hiew which import a shew of Copper and Copper mynes are found and wrought in the grounds adioyning M. Camden obserueth that neere hereunto stood the watch-towre mencioned by Orosius and oppositely placed to such another in Galitia Stepping ouer to the South sea for the distaunce is in comparison but a step S. Michaels mount looketh so alost as it brooketh no concurrent for the highest place Ptolomey termeth it Ocrinum the Cornish men Cara Cowz in Clowze that