the Rocks or els among the Dogfishes They swymme in scoles Some one is Captaine of the whole scole If he be taken euen those that escaped returne into the nett againe Inde yéeldeth perles and so doth the Seacoast of Brytaine as Iulius Caesar by the inscription y â— was written vpon if witnesseth that the brestplate which be dedicated to his mother Venus in her Temple was made of British perles It is a thing coÌ„monly knowne that Lollia Paulina the wyâ—e of the Emperour Caius had a gowne of perles valued then at foure hundred thousande Sestertius through couetousnes in getting whereof her father Marcus Lollius for spoyling the Kinges of the East offended Caius Caesar the sonne of Augustus and was put out of the Princes fauor for sorrow whereof â—e poysoned himselfe This is also registred by the diligence of old men that perles were first brought to Rome in the time of Sylla CAP. LXVI The Iournall of Inde FRom the Ilande Ausea there is a directe cut to the firme land Therfore from the Iland Taprobane let vs returne back to Inde for the thinges of Inde are worth the seing But if I shoulde make tariance about the Citties nations of Inde I should passe the bounds of my prepurposed abridgment Next vnto the Ryuer Indus they had a Cittie named Capissa which Cyrus rased Arachosia standing vppon the Ryuer Arachota was builded by Semyramis Alexander the great builded the Towne of Cadrusiâ— by Mount Caucasus wheras also is Alexandria which is thirty furlongs wyde There are manie other also but these are of the most renowmed After the Indians the Iâ—thyophags possesse the Hill Countryes whom great Alexander subduing forbad them to eate fish for they liued thereby before Beyond these are the deserts of Carmania then Persia and so a iourney by Sea wherein is the Iland of the Sunne which is alwayes red and not able to be come vnto by any liuing creature for it killeth all lyuing things that are brought into it As men returne out of Inde the first sight that they haue of Charlsis waine is at Hyâ—anis a Ryuer of Carmania They say that the dwelling of Achaemenides was in this Coaste Betwéene the Promontorie of Carmania and Arabie is fifty miles Then are there thrée Iles about which there come forth salt water Snakes of twenty cubits long Hâ—ere it is to be declared howe the way lyeth from Alexandria in Egypt vnto Inde Fyrst yée must goe by water vppe the Nyle wyth a Northeast wynde vnto Copton Then by lande vnto Hydreum From thence passing ouer certaine mansions ye come to Berenice wheras is a HaueÌ„ of the red Sea After that ye must arriue at a Hauen of Arabie called Ocelis The next arriuall vnto that is MuziruÌ„ a Marte Towne of Inde diffamed for Sea Rouers Afterward by diuers Hauens yée come to Cottonare to which Towne they conuey theyr pepper in boates made of one whole Trunke Those that goe to Inde take water eyther before the beginning of the dogge dayes or immediatly after the beginning of them in the mids of Summer And when they come backe againe they saile in December The spéediest wynd out of Inde warde is the Northeast But when they come to the Red sea then must eyther a Southeast or a full South winde serue The largenesse of Inde is reported to be seauen thousand and fifty myles The space of Carmania is a hundred myles a part wherof is not wythout Uynes Moreouer they haue a kind of men that liue by nothing els but by the flesh of Tortoyles rugged and hayrie all sauing the face which alonelie hath a thynne skinne and they be clad in skynnes of fishes They are named Chelonophages CAP. LXVII of the Gulfe of Persia and the Gulfe of Arabie and of the Azanian Sea THe red sea breaketh into these Coasts and is deuided into two Gulfs Whereof that which is toward the East is called the Gulfe of Persia because the Persians inhabit that coast It is in compasse sixe thousande and twenty myles about The other Gulfe oueragainst which lyeth Arabie is called the Arabick Gulfe and the Ocean that floweth in there is called the Azanian Sea Uppon Carmania ioyneth Persia which beginneth at the Ilande Aphrodisia welthy of sundry sortes of ryches translated sometime into y â— name of Parthians stretching fiftie myles along the sea coast where it faceth the West The noblest Towne of that Realme is Susa in which is the temple of Susia Diana A hundred and fiue and thirty myles from Susa is the towne Babytace all the inhabiters whereof for the hatred they beare to golde doo bye vp this kynde of metall and delue it déepe in the ground to the intent they shoulde not be defiled with the vse thereof and so worke vnrighteously for couetousnesse sake Héereabouts is most vncertaine measuring of grounds and not wythout cause inasmuch as some nations about Persis méet theyr lands by Schaenes some by Parasanges and othersome after an vnknowne manner so that theyr vncertaine order in méeting maketh that a man cannot tell what measure to trust vnto CAP. LXVIII of Parthia and of King Cyrus tombe PArthia is so large a Country that on y â— south-side it encloseth the red sea and on the North side the Hyrcanian Sea In it are eightéene Kingdoms which are deuided into two parts Eleuen of them which are called the vpper kingdoms beginne at the borders of Armenie and passe along the Caspian sea coast to the land of the Scithians with whom they liue like good peaceable neighbors The other seauen nether kingdoms for so they terme theÌ„ haue on the East the Aries and Arians on the South Carmania on the West the Medes and on the North the Hyrcanians And Media if selfe running ouerthwart on the west side encloseth both the kingdoms of Parthia On the North it is bounded with Armenia on the East it beholdeth the Caspians on y â— South Persis and from thence this Coast passeth foorth to a Castle which the Wysemen call Passargada and here is the Tombe of King Cyrus CAP. LXIX of Babylon of the Athlantish Ocean of the Ilands of the Gorgons and of the fortunate Iles. THe heade of the Countrey Chaldea is Babylon builded by Semyramis so renowmed that for the noblenesse thereof both the Assyrians and Mesopotamians yéelded into the name of Babilon the Cittie is in compasse thréescore myles enuironed wyth walles two hundred foote hygh and fiftie foote broade euery foote béeing longer then the foote which we measure wyth by the bredth of thrée of our longest fingers The Ryuer Euphrates runneth through it There is the Temple of Belus lupiter whom euen the religion it selfe that beléeueth there is a God reporteth to haue béene the founder of that heauenly discipline In spyght of thys Citty the Parthyans builded Ctesiphon But nowe it is time to retyre to the Coasts of the Ocean and
aduentures should be brought vp priuilie héere The Childe bearing his Fathers name as he grew to mans estate so also grewe in courage and stomacke méete for hys royall race and conquering all that extendeth to the Coast of Macedony and the Adriatish Sea hee called the Land whereof he was ruler Orestide Phlaegra in which place before there was anye Towne there the report goeth y â— a battell was fought betwéene the hoste of Heauen and the Gyants dooth put vs in minde to declare throughlie with how great proofes of soueraigntie there the tokens of that Heauenlie warfare haue and doo continue it vnto thys day If at any time as it commeth to passe indéede the brookes ryse with foule weather and the excesse of waters breaking theyr bankes doo shoote themselues ouer violently into the fields they say that euen now through the gulling of the water are discouered benâ—s like to mens carkasses but farre bigger which for the vnmeasurable hugenesse of them are reported to haue béene the bodies of that monstruous Army And thys opinion is furthered with the euidence of excessyue great stones wherewith heauen was thought to haue béene assaulted I will procéede to the residue which extende into Thessaly and Aemony For they be heigher then that in anie place the height of the Mountain is able to reache theruntâ— Neither is there any thing in anie Land vnder Heauen that may woorthely bee compared héereâ—nto in height as wherevnto only the rage of water neuer attained when y â— flood ouerwhelmed all thinges els with woozie moistnesse There remaine yet prints of no small credite whereby it appeareth that these places were aboue the stormy flood For in the darke Caues of the Hilles which at that time were eaten hollow with the strugling of the water the shelles of Fishes are left behinde and many other things which are cast vppe by the working of the rowgh Sea so that although to sée to the places bée mayne Land yet they haue a resemblaunce of y â— Sea shore Nowe will I speake of the Inhabiters Aemathius who was the first that obtained soueraigntie in Amathia whither it be because the knowledge of his pedegrée is worne out by time or because it is a matter farre fette is counted to bee bredde of the earth After him the name of Aemathia which procéeded froÌ„ him continued to the Realme of Macedony But Macedo the Nephewe of Dâ—ucalion by the Mothers side who onelie with the familie of his housholde scaped from the general destruction chaunged the name and called it Macedony after himselfe After Macedo followed Caranus Captaine of a companie of Peloponesians who according to the aunswere gyuen by Apollo builded a Citty in the same place where he had séene a hearde of Goates sitte and named it Aegaea in which place the custome was to bury theyr Kings neyther was it lawfull among the auncient Macedones to burie their chiefe states in anie other place than there After Caranus succéeded Perdicas in y â— two and twentith Olimpiad who was the firste that bare the name of King after whom came Alexander the Sonne of Amintas who was counted rich and not without cause For he had so good successe in encreasing his substaunce that he first of all men sent Images of cleane golde for a gyft one to Apollo at Delphos and another to Iupiter at Elis. He was greatlie giuen to delight hys hearing insomuch that for hys pleasures sake he entertained with honourable pensions as long as he liued manie that were cunning vppon Instruments among whom was Pyndarus the Harper From this man Archelaus receiued the kingdome who was a politick Prince in feates of warre and the firste deuiser of battell vppon the Sea Thys Archelaus was so great a louer of learning y â— he made Euripides the Tragicall Poet one of his priuie Counsell At whose burial he was not content to follow the Herse onelie but also he shore his hayre and vttered in countenauâ—ce the sorrowe that he conceiued in hys hart The same Archelaus winning the wager in running with Chariots at the gaminges of Pythia and Olimpus shewed himselfe rather to haue the hart of a glorious Greeke then of a royall King in séeking that kind of prayse After Archelaus the state of Macedony béeing troubled with dissention at last was stayed in the raigne of Amyntas who had thrée Sons of whom Alexander succéeded his Father who béeing dispatched out of the way the fruition of that great preheminence was first giuen to Perdicas by whose decease the Kingdome was left by inheritance vnto his Brother Philip who as we tolde you before lost hys right eye at Methone of which maine there had gone a fore token before For at his marriage â—easte it is reported that the Musitians which serued that daie sung as it were in sport a song of the one eyed Gyants called Cyclops Thys Phillip begat great Alexander howbeit that Olympias Alexanders Mother coueting to purchase hym a nobler Father auouched him to haue béene begotten by a Dragon But howsoeuer the case stoode Alexander so behaued himselfe that he was beléeued to be the Sonne of a God He trauailed ouer the worlde vsing the direction of Aristotle and Callisthenes Hee conquered Asia the lesse Armeny Iberia Albany Cappadocia Syria and Aegypt He passed ouer y e Mountaines Taurus and Caucasus He subdued the Bactrians hée raigned ouer the Medes and Persians Hée wan Inde and went beyond all that Liber and Hercules reached vnto He was of personage more statelie than Man with long and straight necke chéerefull cléere eyes chéekes ruddy with a pleasantnesse and comely featured in all proportions of bodye not without a certaine maiestie Béeing conqueror of all men hee was hymselfe a thrall to wyne and wrath Through surfette of drunkennesse he died at Babylon somewhat after a more base and vncomely sorte then he had lyued Wée finde that those that came after him were borne rather to increase the glory of the Romaines then to inherite so great renowne Macedony bringeth foorth a stone which they call Paeantis The common reporte goeth that this stone doth helpe Women bothe in the time of theyr conception and in the time of their labour It is founde much about the Tombe of Tyresias CAP. XIIII Of the manners and customes of the Thracians Of the places and peoples of Thrace Of Cranes and Swallowes Of Hellespont Of the Ilande Clarob and of the Aegaeum Sea NOw it is time to take our iourneye into Thrace and to sette sayle toward the puissantest Nations of Europe which whosoeuer will looke vpon aduisedlie shall easily finde that there is a contempt of life in the barbarous Thracians through a certaine discipline of moother wytt They agrée all to die willingly some of them beléeuing that the soules of them that decease returne againe and othersome thinking that they die not but are in a more happie and blisful state Among most of them
meanes wherof in thirtie and sixe yéeres whereas nine daies had béen sufficient twelue daies were reckoned The which béeing espied Augustus reformed in this wise Hee commaunded that twelue yéeres should passe without leape to the intent y â— those thrée daies aboue the nine which were superfluously added might by this means be recompensed Uppon which discipline was afterward grounded the order of all times Notwithstanding albeit that for these and many other thinges we may thinke our selues beholding to the raigne of Augustus who was almost péerelesse in his gouernment yet there are to be found so manie mis-fortunes in his life that a manne can not easily discerne whither hee were more miserable or happy First for that in his sute to his Uncle for the Lieuetenantship of the horsmen Lepidus the Tribune was preferred before him not without a certaine foyle of his first attempts Secondlie for that he was greatlie anoied by the authoritie of Antony ioyned with him in the office of the Thréemen and with the battell at Philippo Thirdly for the hatred that hee raised against himselfe for proclayming the Noblemen Traytors The disheriting of Agrippa borne after the decease of his Father whom he had adopted before to be his Sonne and the great repentance he tooke thereof afterward for the desire he had vnto him His shipwracks in Sicill his shamefull lurking in a Caue there the often mutinies of his Souldiours against him the thought hee tooke in the siedge of Perusium the detecting of hys Daughters aduoutrie and of the intent shee had to murther him and as shamefull a matter as y â— other the infamie of his Néece blamed for the death of her Sonnes the gréefe of his solitarinesse for the lesse of his Children which was not a corzie alone The pestilence y â— raigned in the Cittie The famine through all Italie in the time of his warres in Illirick the narrowe shifts that he was driuen to for want of Souldiours the crazednes of his body which was alwaies sicklie the spightfull discention of Nero hys Wyues Sonne the vnfaithfull imaginations of his wife and her Sonne Tiberius and manie other thinges of the same sort Notwithstanding as though the World hadde bewailed this mans ende the euils hanging ouer mens heades were shewed before by tokens nothing doubtfull For one Fausta a woman of the meaner sorte brought foorth at one burthen foure Twinnes two Sonnes and as manie Daughters prognosticatinge by her monstrous fruitfulnesse the great calamitie that was to come Howbeit that Trogus the wryter of Histories affirmeth that seauen are borne together at one burthen in Aegypt which thing in that Country is not so great a wonder forasmuch as the Ryuer Nilus with his fruitfull water maketh plentifull not onelie the soile of the grounde but also mens bodyes Wée reade that Cneus Pompeius did shewe openly in the Theater at Rome one Eutichis a woman of Asia with her twentie Children which she was certainlie knowne to haue beene deliuered of at three burthens onelie And therefore I thinke it expâ—dient to treate in thys place concerning the generation of Man CAP. III. Of Man and of his byrth of men of wonderfull strength and of the stone Alectorius or the Cockstone FOr inasmuch as we are minded to make a note of thinges woorthy to be touched concerning lyuing creatures as y â— Countries of eche of them souerally shal put vs in remembraunce Reason would we should begin chiefly at that creature which nature hath preferred before al others in iudgement of vnderstanding and capacitie of wisedome Of Women some bee barren for euer othersome by change of Husbandes become fruitfull Many beare but one Childe and diuers bring forth eyther onely Males or onelie Females After fiftie yéeres the fruitfulnesse of them all is at a point but Men begette Children vntill they be fourescore like as King Masinissa begat his Sonne Metymathnus when he was of the age of fourescore and sixe yéeres Caâ—â— when he was full fourescore yéere old and vpward begat the Grandfather of Cato that killed himselfe at Vtiâ—a vpon the Daughter of his Client Salonius Thys is also found to be of a truth that when two are conceiued one somewhat after another the Woman goeth out her full time of them both like as hath beene séene in Hercules and his brothâ—r Iphiclus who béeing carryed both in one burthen had notwithstanding like distaunce of time betwéene their birthes as there was distance betwéene their begetting And likewise in a wench called Proconesia who committing aduoutry with two sundry men was deliuered of a payre of Twinnes eche of them resembling his Father This Iphiclus begat Iolaus who entering the Iland Sardinia and there alluring vnto concord the wauering minds of the inhabitants builded Olbia and other Greeke Townes They which after his name were called Iolenses reared a Temple ouer his Tombe because he folowing the vertues of his Uncle hadde deliuered Sardinia from manie euilles The tenth day after coÌ„ception will by some paine put the Mothers in remeÌ„braunce that they be with Child For from that tyme forward their heads shall begin to bée disquieted and their sight shal waxe dimme Also the appetite of their stomack shall abate and they shall beginne to loathe meate It is agréed vpon among all men that of the whole flesh the first part that is formed is the harte and that it increaseth vnto the thréescore and fift day and afterwarde diminisheth againe and that of gristles are made the backbones and therefore it putteth them in daunger of death if eyther of bothe those partes be hurt Doubtlesse if it be a Malechild that is in fashioning the Women that beare them are better coloured and their deliueraunce is more spéedy and finally it beginneth to stirre at the fortie day The Female stirreth not before the fourescore and tenth daie and the conception thereof dyeth y e countenaunce of the Mother with a pale colour and also hindereth the legges with a faint slownesse in going In bothe kindes when the heare beginneth to growe then is the greater disease and the paine is more bréeme in the full of the Moone w t time also is alwaies noysome to theÌ„ when they are borne Whâ—n a Woman wyth Child eateth meates that are ouersalt the Child shalbe borne without nayles At such time as the byrth béeing fully rype approcheth to the instant of deliueraunce it greatlie auaileth the Woman that laboreth to hold her breath for asmuch as yawning dooth wyth deadlie delay prolong the deliuery It is againste nature for the byrth to come foorth with his féete forward and therefore as Children hardly borne they are called in Latine Agrippae Such as are so borne are for the moste parte vnfortunate and short liued Onely in one Man namely Marcus Agrippa it was a token of good lucke howbeit not altogether so misfortunelesse but that hee suffered more aduersitie then prosperity For with miserable paine of his féete and the
slayne vnder him Béeing twise taken prisoner by Hanniball he scaped awaie when by the space of twentie moneths in which he had béene prisoner he had at no time been without Giues and Fetters In all the sharpest battels which the Romaines tasted of in those dayes he béeing honoured with warlike rewards brought Ciuill Crownes from Thrasymenus Trebia and Pauy At the battell of Canuas also out of the which it was counted a poynt of valiantnesse to escape wyth lyfe he onelie receiued a Crowne Happie doubtlesse had hée béene in so manie aduauncements of honor if Catiline his next heyre by lineall descent had not defaced his so renowined praises with the hatefulnesse of hys cursed name As much as Sicinius or Sergius excelled among the Souldiours so much among the Captaines or rather among all men excelled Caesar the Dictator Under his conducte were slaine eleuen hundred fourescore and two thousand enemies For he would not haue it noted howe manie hee ouerthrewe in the ciuill wars He fought in piched fielde two and fiftie times alonely surmounting Marcus Marcellus who in like sorte had fought nine and thirtie times Besides this no man wrote more swiftly nor no man read more spéedilie Moreouer hee is reported to haue indited foure Letters at once He was of so good a nature that such as he subdued by battell he more ouercame them with gentlenesse CAP. VI. VVho were notable for memorie who loste theyr speech by mischaunce or gotte it by chaunce who florished in eloquence of the prayse of manners of godlinesse of chastity and who hath beene iudged happy CYrus was notable for the good gifte of memorie who in the most populous armie whereof hee was Captaine coulde call euerie seuerall personne by his name The same thing did Lucius Scipio amōg the people of Rome But wee may beleeue that bothe Scipio and Cyrus were furthered by custome Cyneas the Ambassador of Pyrrhus the next day after he was entered into Rome saluted both the Knights and also the Senators by their propper names Methridates King of Pontus ministred iustice without an interpreter to two and twenty Nations that were vnder his dominion It is manifest that memorie may be made by arte like as in the Philosopher Metrodorus that was in the time of doggyshe Diogenes who furthered himselfe so much by dailie practise and beating with himselfe that he kept in remembrance what many men spake at once not only in order of sence but also in order of wordes Notwithstanding it hath béene often séene that nothing may easiler be perished by feare by falling by chance or by sicknesse We haue founde that he that was but striken with a stone forgot to reade Surely Messala Coruinus after a disease that hee had endured was so striken with forgetfulnesse that he remembred not his owne name and yet otherwise his wit was freshe enough Feare astonieth y e memorie And again feare is an enforcement of spéeche the which it not onelie sharpeneth but also extorteth although there were none before Surely when Cyrus in the eyght and fiftie Olympiad entred by assault into Sardis a Towne of Asia where Craesus at that time lay hidden Athis the Kinges Sonne who vnto that instaunt hadde alwaies béene dumbe burst out into spéech by force of feare For it is reported that he cryed out Cyrus spare my Father and learne to know at leastwise by our casualties that thou art a Man Nowe remaineth to intreate of manners the excellentnes whereof appeared moste in two men Cato the founder of the stocke of the Portians was a verye good Senator a very good Orator and a verie good Captaine Neuerthelesse for diuers quarrelles picked vnto him of malice he was endited and arrayned fortie and foure times but yet was alwaies quitted The praise of Scipio Aemilianus is yet greater who besides the vertues for which Cato was renowmed surmounted also in loue towards the common weale Scipio Nasica was iudged to bee the best man then lyuing not onely by the voice of the commons but also by the othe of the whole Senate inasmuch as none coulde bee founde worthier then he to be put in truste with a misterie of chiefe Religion when the Oracle gaue warning to fetch into the Cittie the holy Ceremonies of the mother of the Gods from Pessinus Many among the Romaines florished in eloquence but this gift was not heritable at any time sauing to the house of the Curios in the which three were Orators successinelie one after another Surely thys was counted a great thing in those dayes when eloquence was had in chiefe estimation both of God and manne For at that time Apollo bewrayed the murthers of the Poet Archilocus and the déede of the felons was detected by God And at such time as Lysander King of Lacedaemon besieged Athens where y e body of Sophocles the Tragedie wryter lay◠vnburied Bacchus sundry times warned the Captaine in his sléepe to suffer hys darling to be buried and neuer ceased calling vppon him vntyll Lysander hauing knowledge who it was that was departed and what the God demaunded tooke truce with the Athenians vntill so worthy a corse might be buried accordinglie Castor and Pollux standing wythout the dore in the sight of all men called Pindarus the Harper out of a place where he was making merrie which was at the point to fall to the intent he should not perrish with the rest Whereby it came to passe that hee onelie escaped the daunger that hunge ouer their heads Next vnto the Gods is Cneus Pompeius to be reconed who when he should enter into the house of Possidonius the notablest professor of wysedome in those dayes forbadde his Mace-bearer to strike y e dore as the custome was and so holding downe his sheaf albeit hee hadde at that time dispatched the warre agaynste Methridates and was Conqueror of y e East yet of his owne frée wyll he gaue place to the Gate of Learning The firste Scipio Affricanus commaunded that the Image of Quintus Ennius shoulde be sette vppon his Tombe Cato that slewe himselfe at Vtica brought vnto Rome two Phylosophers one when he was Marshall of the Hoste and another when he was Ambassador in Cyprus alledging that in so dooing he had greatlie benifited the Senate and people of Rome albeit that hys great Grandfather had oftentimes decréede y ◠al Greekes should be vtterly driuen out of the Citty Dennis y ◠Tyran of Sicill sent a Shyppe decked wyth Garlonds to méete Plato and hée himselfe in a Charyot drawne with foure White steedes entertained him honorably at his first comming to lande Perfect wisedome was adiudged onely to Socrates by the Oracle of Apollo The proofe of godlinesse and naturall affection toward the parents shined in the familie of the Metels But it was found moste euident in a poore childbearing Woman This Woman who was of lowe
degree and therefore not altogether so famous béeing with much adooe and after much serching oftentimes of the Gaolers leaste shee shoulde haue carryed any meate in with her suffered to goe to her father who was condemned to the punishment of perpetuall prysonne was founde to séede him with the milke of her breasts which thing consecrated bothe the déede and the place For the Father which was condemned to death béeing gyuen vnto his daughter was reserued in remembraunce of so woorthy a déede and the place béeing dedicated to the power that wrought the déede was made a Chappell and entitled the Chappell of godlines The ship that brought the holy misteries out of Phrygia in following y e hearelace of Claudia gaue vnto her the preheminence of chastitie But Sulpitia the daughter of Paterculus and wyfe of Marcus Fuluius Flaccus was by the verdite of all the Ladyes in Rome aduisedlie chosen out of a hundred of the vertuousest of them to dedicate the Image of Venus according as y â— bokes of Sybill gaue warning to be done As touching the title of happinesse hee is not yet found that may rightly be iudged happy For Cornelius Sylla was happie rather in name then in déede Surelie Cortiua iudged onelie Aglaus to be blessed who béeing owner of a poore péece of ground in y â— narrowest nooke of all Arcadie was neuer founde to haue passed out of the boundes of his naturall soyle CAP. VII Of Italy and the prayse therof and of many peculiar thinges that are founde therein AS concerninge Man I haue saide sufficient Now to the intent we may returne to our determined purpose our stile is to be directed to the recital of places and chiefelie and principally to Italy y e beautie whereof we haue alreadie touched lightly in the Cittie of Rome But Italie hath béene written of so throughlie by all menne and specially by Marcus Cato that there cannot bée found that thing which the diligence of former Authors hath not preuented for the Country is so excellent as it ministreth matter of praise aboundantly while the notablest writers consider the healthfulnesse of y â— places the temperatenesse of the ayre the fruitfulnes of the soyle the open prospects of the Hills the coole shadowes of the woods the vnhurtful lowe grounds the plentifull increase of Uines and Oliues the Sheepes courses the pasture groundes so manye Riuers so great Lakes places that beare flowers twice a yéere together with the Mountaine Veseuus casting vppe a breath of flaming fire as if it had a soule the Bathes with their springes of warme water the continuall beautifing of the Land with newe Citties so goodlie a sight of auncient Townes which first y e Aborigens Arunks Pelasgians Arcadians Sicilians and lastlie the inhabiters of all parts of Greece and aboue all others the victorious Romaines haue builded Besides this it hath shoares full of Hauens and coastes with large Bayes and harbouring places meete for trafficke from all places of the world Neuerthelesse least it may séeme altogether vntouched of our part I think it not vnconuenient to busie my wittes about those thinges that haue béene least beaten and slightly to trauell through those thinges y e haue béene but lightly touched and tasted by others For who knoweth not that IaniculuÌ„ was either named or builded by Ianus Or that Latium was called so Saturnia of Saturne Or that Ardea was builded by Danace Polydee by the companions of Hercules Pompeios in Campane by Hercules himselfe because that after his victory in Spayne hee draue his Oxen with a pompe that way Or that the stonie fieldes in Lombardy tooke theyr names of that that Iupiter fighting against y e Gyants is supposed to haue rayned downe stones thither Or that the Region Ionica tooke his name of Ionee the daughter of Naulochus whom Hercules is reported to haue slaine because he malepartlie stopped y e waies against him Or that Alcippe was builded by Marsias king of the Lidians which béeing afterward swallowed with an Earthquake was dissolued into the Lake Fucinus Or that the Temple of Iuno of Argos was founded by Iason Pisae by Pelops the Dawnians by Cleolans the Sonne of Minos the Iapigians by Iapix the Sonne of Daedalus the Tyrrhenians by Tyrrhenus King of Lydia Cora by Dardanus Argilla by the Pelasgians who also brought Letters first into Latium Phalisca by Halesus the Argiue the Phalerians by Phalerius the Argiue Fescininum also by the Argiues the Hauen of Parthenium by the Phocenses Tybur as Cato witnesseth by Catillus the Arcadian the Admirall of Euanders fléete or as Sextius saith by the youth of Argos For Catillus the Sonne of Amphiaraus after the monstrous destruction of his Father at Thebae béeing sent by his Grandfather Oecleus with all his issue or ceremonies into Italy begot there thrée Sonnes Tyburtus Cora and Catillus who dryuing out of the Towne the Sicanes of Sicill y â— anncient inhabiters thereof called the Cittie after the name of the elder brother Tyburt Anon after was the Temple of Minerua builded by Vlisses among the Brutians The Ilande of Ligaea tooke his name of the bodie of the Meremaid Ligâ—a cast a land there Parthenopee was so called of the Meremaide Parthenopees Tombe which towne it pleased Augustus afterward to call Naples Prenestee as Zenodotus reporteth tooke his name of Praenest the Nephewe of Vlisses and Sonne of Latinus or as the bookes of y â— Prenestines make mention of Caeculus whom the Sisters of the Digitians found by the fatall fires as the bruite goeth It is knowne that Petilia was founded by Philoctete Arpos and Beneuent by Diomed Padua by Antenor Metapont by the Pylians Scyllace by the Athenians Sybaris by the Troyzenians and by Sagaris the sonne of Aiax of Locres Salentum by the Lycians Ancon by the Sicilians Gabye by Galace and Bius of Sicill brothers Tarent by the posteritie of Hercules the Ilande Teâ—sa by the Ionians rest by the Dorians Croton by Myscell and Archia Rhegium by the Chalcidians Cawlon and Terin by the Crotonians Locros by the Naritians Heret by the Greekes in the honour of Iuno whom they call Hera Aritia by Archilocus the Sicilian whereof the name as liketh Cassius Hermina is deriued In thys place Orestes by admonishment of the Oracle hallowed the Image of Diana of Scythia which he had fetched from Taurica before hee went with it to Argos The Zanclenses builded Metawre and the Locrines builded that Metapont which is now called Vibo Baccbus saith plainelie that the Vmbrians are the auncient of-spring of the Galles Marcus Antonius affirmeth that they were called Vmbrians in Greeke because that in the time of the generall destructioÌ„ that was by water they escaped the daunger thereof Licinius is of the opinion that the originall of Messapia which was giuen by Messapus a Gréeke was afterwarde turned into the name of Calabrie which in the first beginning Peucerius the Brother of Oenotrius had named Peâ—ceria The like agreement also
is among Authors that Palynure tooke that name of Palynure the Pylotte of Aenaeas his Shyppe and Misene of hys Trumpetor Misene and the Iland Leucosie of his Systers daughter Leucosia It is fully agréed vppon among all menne that Caiet tooke that name of Caieta Aenaeassis Nurce and Lauine of his wyfe Lauinia which Towne was builded the fourth yéere after the destruction of Troy as Cussonius auoucheth Neither must it be omitted that Aenaeas arryuing on the coast of Italy the second sommer after that Troy was taken as Hemina reporteth wyth no moe then 600 in hys companie piched hys Campe in the fieldes of Laurent and there while hee was dedicating the Image that he had brought wyth him out of Sicill vnto his Mother Venus by the name of Aphroditee he receiued the Image of Pallas of Diomed and anon after receiuing fiue hundred Acres of ground of King Latinus hee raigned thrée yéeres in equall authoritie with him After whose decease when he had raigned two yéeres he went to the Riuer Numicius and was neuer séene more The seauenth yéere after was giuen to him the name of Father Iâ—diges Afterward were builded by Ascanius Alba longa Fidenee and Antium by the Tyrians Nola and by the Eubaeans Cumes There is the Chappell of the same Sybill which in the fift Olympiade was present at the Romaine enterprises whose booke our Bishops resorted to for Counsell vntill the time of Cornelius Sylla for then was it together with the Capitoll consumed with fire As for her two former bookes shee hadde burned them with her owne handes because Tarquine the proude did offer her a more niggardly price then she had sette them at Her Tombe remaineth yet in Sicill Bocchus auoucheth that Sybell of Delphos prophesied before the battel of Troy and he declareth that Homer did put many of her verses into his worke After her within fewe yéeres space followed Heriphylee of Aerythra who was also called Sybill for the affinity she had with y â— other in the same kind of knowledge who among other great thinges warned the Lesbians that they should loose the dominion of y â— Sea many yéeres before the thing came to passe So y â— very order of the time prooueth that Sybill of Cumes was third after this Italy therefore wherein sometime the auncient Country of Latium stretched from the mouth of Tyber vnto the Ryuer Lyris ryseth whole together from the sides of the Alpes and reached to the toppe of the Promonorie or headlonde of Rhegium and the Seacoast of the Brutians where it shooteth Southward into the Sea Procéeding from thence it rayseth it selfe by little and little at the backe of the Mountaine Appenâ—ne lying in length betwéene the Tuscane Sea and the Adriatish Sea that is to saye betwéene the vpper Sea and the neather Sea like an Oken leafe that is to say larger in length than in breadth When it commeth to the furthest it deuideth into two hornes whereof the one butteth vppon the Ionish Sea and the other vppon the Sea of Sicill Betwéene which two heades it receiueth not y â— winding Sea in with one whole and maine shoare but shooting foorth as it were sundrie tongues it admitteth the Sea disseuered by the heads running forth in to the déepe There to the intent we may note thinges heere and there by the way are the Towres of Tarent the Countrye Scyllaea with the Towne Scylleum and the Riuer Crathis the mother of Scylla as antiquitie hath fabled the Forrests of Rhegium the Ualies of Pesta the Meremaids Rocks the most delectable coast of Campane the playnes of Phlegra the house of Circâ— the Iland of Tarracine sometime enuironed with the wauing Sea but nowe by continuance of time landed vppe to the firme grounde hauing cleane contrarie fortune to the Rhegines whom the Sea by thrusting it selfe betwixt hath violently disseuered froÌ„ the Sicilians Also there is Formy inhabited somtime by the Lestrigones and many other thinges entreated of at large by pregnant wittes the which I thought more for mine ease to passe ouer then not to set them out at the full But the length of Italy which runneth from Augusta Prâ—toria through the Cittie and Capua vnto the Towne of Rhogiâ—â—◠〈◊〉 to a thousand and twenty miles The breadth of it where it is broadest is foure hundred and ten myles and where it is narrowest a hundred and sixe and thirtie miles sauing at the Hauen which is called Hanniballes Campe for there it exceedeth not fortie miles The hart of the Realme is in the fieldes of Rheatee as Vâ—rro testifieth The compasse of the whole circuite together is two thousand foure hundred fourescore and tenne miles In the which circuit ouer againste the Coast of Locres is finished the first Coast of Eâ—rope For the seconde beginning at the heade of Laciuium endeth at the Cliffs of Acroceraunia Further more Italie is renowmed with the Riuer Po which Mount Vesulus one of the toppes of the Alpes powreth out of hys bosome from a spring that is to be séene in the borders of Ligurie from whence Po issueth and sinking into the ground ryseth againe in the fieldes of Vibo not inferior to any Ryuer in same and it is called of the Greekes Eridanus It swelleth in the beginning of the dogge dayes at such time as y â— snowâ—â— and hoarefrosts of the former Winter begin to melt and so beeing increased with y e surplusage of waters it carrioth thirtie Ryuers with him into the Adriatish Sea Among other thinges woorthy of remembraunce this is famous and notably talked of in euery Mans mouth that there are certaine housholds in the Countryes of the Phalisks which they call Hirpes These make yéerely sacrifice to Apollo at the Mountaine Soractee and in performing thereof doo in honor of the diuine seruice frisks and dawnce vppe and downe vpon the burning wood without harme the 〈◊〉 sparing them Which religious and deuout kinde of ministration the Senate rewarding honourably priuiledged the Hirpes from all taxes and from all kind of seruice for euer That the Nation of the Marsyes can not bee hurt by serpents it is no maruell For they fetch their pedegrée from the Sonne of Circee and of the power descended to them from their auncestors they vnderstand that venemous thinges ought to stande in awe of them and therefore they despise poysons C Caelius saith that Octas had thrée daughters Augitia Medea and Circee and that Circee possessed the Hilles called Circes Hilles there practising to make sundry shapes and fashions through her sorceries and charmes And that Augitia occupyed the Country about Fuâ—num and there after practising the wholesome sciences of Léechecrast against maladies and diseases when shée forewent this life was reputed for a Goddesse And that Medea was buried by Iason at Buthrote and her Sonne raigned among the Marsyes But although that Italy haue this customable defence yet is not altogether frée from
to call backe my penne into Aethyop For as wee haue alreadye tolde howe the Athlantish Sea taketh his beginning at the west and at Spayne so it is also conuenient to be declared from whence hee beginneth first to beare the name of Atlas in these partes of the worlde also The Azanian Sea holdeth on vnto the Coaste of Aethyop The Aethiopian Sea continueth from thence to the Promontorie Mossylicum and from thence forth it taketh againe the name of the Athlantish Ocean Therefore whereas many haue helde opinion that all that part is not possible to bee sayled by reason of the excéeding heate Iuba auoucheth the contrarye And for assured proofe that the matter is so indéede hée maketh a rehearsall of the Nations Ilandes by the way giuing vs to vnderstande that all that Sea is saylable from Inde vnto the straights of Marrock so as it be when the wynde lyeth Southwest by west the blast whereof is able to driue anie Nauie by Arabie Egypt and Mauritanie so they direct theyr course from that Promontory of Inde which some call Lepten acran and othersome name Drepanum Moreouer he added the places of harbrough and the distance of them one from another For from the promontorie of Inde to the Ilande Malachus they affyrme to bee fiftéene hundred myles From Malachus to Scaeneon two hundred twenty fiue miles From thence to the Ilande Sadanus a hundred and fiftie myles and so is made to the open Sea eyght hundred thréescore and fiftéene myles The same Iâ—ba so striueth against the opinion of manie which saie that most parte of this Coast is vninhabitable of mankind by reason of the heate of the Sunne that he affyrmeth the Merchantmen to bee troubled in their passage out of the Iles of Arabie which the Arabians called Ascitae possesse who haue that name of their dooings For they ioyne borders together and couer them ouer with Leather and sayling forth in this kinde of Shyppe assaile the passengâ—rs with venomâ—d Darts And hee affyrmeth also that the scorched Countries of Aethiop are inhabited by the nations of the Iâ—thyophages and Troglodits of whom the Troglodits are so swift a foote that they ouertake the wilde Beastes whom they chace The Icthyophags are able to swim in the salt water as well as the verye Beastes of the Sea In serching the Athlantish Sea euen to the west bee maketh mention of the Iles of the Gorgons also The Gorgon Iles as we vnderstand are ouer against the Promontorie which wee call Hesperionkeras These are inhabited by the Monstars called Gorgons and surelie a monstrous nation possesseth them yet They are distant from the maine land two dayes sayling Xenophon Lampsacenus hath reported that Hanno King of the Afers wasted ouer into them and founde women there as swyft as byrds and that of all the number that were séene but two could bee taken which were so rough and rugged of bodye that for a remembraunce of the strange sight hee hung vp theyr two skinnes for a wonder among other gyfts in the Temple of Iuno which continued there vnto the destruction of Carthage Beyond the Gorgons are the Iles of the Hesperides which as Sebosus affyrmeth are withdrawn fortie dayes sayling into the innermost hart of the Sea They report that the fortunate Iles lye against the left side of Mauritanie which Iuba sayth are situate vnder the South but next vnto the West By reason of the names of these I suppose a great wonder is looked for but the matter is not equall to the same of the worde In the first of them which is called Ombrion neither is nor hath béene anie houses The toppes of the Hyls are watry with Pooles Réedes growe vp to the bygnes of Trées Those of them that be blacke when they be pressed yéelde a most bitter liquor but thosâ— that bée white yéeld a iuyce good to make drinke of They say that another of those Iles is named Iunoma wherein are a fewe cotages ilfauoredly pyked at the toppes The third is néere vnto this and of y â— same name but all is bare and naked The fourth is called Capraria which swarmeth beyond al measure with monstrous great Lucerts Next followeth Niuaria where the ayre is thick and clowdie and therefore euer snowing And lastlie Canaria replenished with Dogs of excéeding hugenesse whereof two were presented to King Iuba In that Ile remain some foundations of buildings Ther is great plenty of byrds fieldes full of fruitful Trées places bearing Dates great store of Pyneapples aboundance of Honney and Ryuers swarming wyth Fyshes called Silures Also it is sayde that the wauing Sea casteth vppe monstrous beastes vppon the land which lying styll there and rotting infect all thinges wyth an horrible stinche and therefore the qualitie of those Ilands agrée not altogether to their name FINIS Opinions concerning the name of Rome Valentia * That is about the 19. day of December The time of the buildinge of Rome Hercules Cacus Tarchon Marsias Megales a Phâ—ygian the firste founder of the arte of Birdspelling among the Sabines Nicostrate couÌ„ted one of the nine Sybilles Hercules Chappell and the institution of hys Ceremonies Myagrus the God of Flyes The Treasorie of Saturne The dwelling of Nicostrate Wherof the Romane Pallace tooke that name * That is to saâ— of Romulus * The time of the building of Rome by Romulus the 19. of Aprill The first Tryumph * The seconde day of Iuly Tatius king of the Sabines Numa Pompilius the second K. of the Romains Tullus Hostiliuâ— Ancus Martiuâ— Tarquine the Elder Seruius Tullius Tarquine the proude Opynions of the time of the building of Rome An Olimpiad and what it contayneth Of the sundry gouernments in Rome Caesar Augustus The mis-fortunes of the Emperour Augustus * Her 〈…〉 Foretokens of the death of Augustus Monstruous fruitfulnesse of Women Twentie ChildreÌ„ at three câ—â—ld beddes * He was also called Methymâ—us The byrth of Hercules and Iphicluâ— Of the conception of Man Of such as are borne wyth theyr feete forwarde The first Caesar among the Romaines Zoroastres king of the Bactrians Crassus * That is to saye laughterlesse Socrates Heraclitus and Diogines Examples of singuler streÌ„gth * Running leaping buffeting wrestling and throwing of the Sledge * The Cock-stone * A seely how Of straungers that resembled one another Of the talenes and goodly personages of men in olde time Pusio and Secundilla Gabbara Orestes A dead body of monstrous bignesse An ouerswifâ— growth The manner of measuring a Manne Naturall reuerence in bodyes disceased Of Swiftnes Ladas Polymestor Phylippides Antistius and Philonides Quickâ—â—â—tednes Strabo Callicrates A race of strange Women Valiantnes Lucius Sicinius Marcus Sergius the Father of Catiline C. Iuliusâ— Caesar. Cyrus King of Persia. Lucius Scipio Cyneas Methridates Memorie made by Arte. The perishing and losse of memorie Messala Coruinus Feare Athis the Sonne of king Craesus Excellency of manners Cato Scipio Aemilianus Scipio Nasica