furtivae now in such use among us Sed manum de Tabula For I should never else have done to think of finishing this Piece thro' all its dimensions and varieties as we did expect to find it in what Mr. Turner undertakes Sed quanta de spe I descend therefore to other Nations producing Men of Name or Merit for something Extraordinary and Conspicuous whose Effigies in Medal or otherwise were desirable upon the Account we shall hereafter * Concerning Physiognomy mention in favour of this seeming Digression Alphonsus the Learned King of Leon and Castile and a Duke of Ferrara of that Name Andrea D'Oria who signaliz'd himself at the Battel of Lepanto Alexander Farneze Albert Marquis of Brandenburg Alonzo Perez de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia General of the Armada Surnamed Invincible against England Anno 1588. c. It would be tedious but to Epitomize their several Exploits and Famous Atchievements which every body conversant in modern History will call to mind upon the recital of their Names only which I therefore run over and as I am Writing Belizarius the fortunate and unfortunate General under Iustinian Godfry of Bulloin the Noble Baldwin and other Heros of the Holy War Carolus Magnus and Quintus Charles Duke of Burbon and Charles Duke of Lorain Charles the Ninth of France Carolus de Cosse Matthew Corvinus Assaldus Longus Aloisius Mustus Antonio Prospero Colunna Cosimo di Medicis Lorenzo and Peter Iohn casmire Don Iuan de Castro and Austria the Cardinals of Lorain Richlieu and Mazarin Lovis de Bourbon Prince of Conde and his Father Henry the Chevalier Bayard Gaspar Colligny the Admiral assassin'd in the Bloody Parisian Massacre Rosny Duke of Sully Charles Son of King Philip the Second of Spain put to Death by his Father suspected of favouring a Reformation Christiern the Second and Fourth Kings of Denmark Ericius and Gustavus Adolphus the Victorious Kings of Sweden Frederic King of Bohemia Bethlem Gabor Prince of Transylvania Isaac Conyno Emperor of Trebezond Sebastian Zsni Doge of Venice Bartol Covillon Fagiofanus Busonius Castruccio Castricani Darellus the Waivod Draculus Ioseph King of Morocco Taffalet Benjamin Bucher Hamar Essain the Turk Isaac King of Tombut Demetrius and the truculent Vasilovits Emperor of Russia Christ. Bernard of Munster the Famous Pyrate Barbarossa I have seen Pictures of Montezuma Emperor of Mexico Athabaliba the Ynca Paraccussi King of La Plata Oran Zeeb Zaga Christi Tomabes the last Soldan of Egypt Simon the Georgian Prince Geo. Castriot Sahach Abba Sophy of Persia Sultan amurad and Mahumed Second and Third Selymus and the Magnificent Solyman Alsierius Cham of Tartary Ferhates Bacha and Chuseines Bacha of Carmania Zeriff of Fez Muleasses King of Tunis the late Vizier Cuproli Io. Cigala c. To which may be added other extraordinary Persons former and later Ambassadors from India Morocco Russia done by our best Painters Hamet Ben Hoddu Ottor Raia Nebee Naie Wi-Praia his Collegue Abi Iaga Sedana and Peter Io. Potemkin of Mosco Pawhatan Emperor of Virginia and Matoaka his Daughter Wife to Esq Rolff with the painted Prince Giolo lately shew'd in Public To return to Christendom Ferdinando Gonsalvo de Cordova and Soto Fiesco of Genoa Ferdinand Gaspar de Gonzaga Guatimala Gasp. de Gusman Conde de Olivares Guidantonio Guidobaldi Duke of Urbin and Fra. Maria Marquis Galeatius Gastion de Faux the great Duke of Guize Francis the First Marishal de Gassion the Duke of Bohan Anna Dutchess of Memorency Henry the Fourth of France Blaise de Monluc Mich. Hospitalis Fran. Lesdiguieres the late Henry de la Tour Marishal of France the Princes of Conde and Conti Armand de Biron Ludov. de Trimouille George Cardinal l'Ambois the Count de Dunois Io. Boucicault Simon de Monfort Scevola de Chastillon Olivarius de Clisson Bertrand de Gueslin the late Count de Rochfacault Io. Huniades Hercules Duke of Ferrara Raymundus de Ponto first Master of the Order of Malta George Elector of Brandenburg Iohn Frederic of Saxony great Patron of Luther c. Io. Burgundus last Master of the Knights Templars Cardinal Hugo Malatesta Don Iuan d' Oquendo Admiral of the Spanish Fleet Anno 1639. Io. de Wert Buquoy Count Tilly Walestine Duke of Fridland Pepin King of France and Father of Charles the Great Phocas who murdered his Master the Emperor Mauritius and was Founder of the Papal Primacy Anno 602. Tol the Brave Swiss the Noble Alonso Peresus Piccinino Fran. Pezaro Clara Eugenia the most Prudent Governess of Flanders c. Peter Fulgosus Assaldus Piso Phil. Longus George Ragotzius Io. Ranzovius Randolphus Adornus Chr. Radziuil Peter Serini Marquis Spinola Diego Sarmiento de Acunna Sebastian King of Portugal Sigismond King of Poland Count Staremberg who so bravely Defended Vienna Thâ— Strozzi Ludovic and Fran. Sforza Canis Scaliger Princes of Verona Iacobus Trivultio Martin Turriano Virgilio Ursini Simon Vignotius Villiers and Valetta Great Masters of Malta and Rhodes Vasques de Gama Farinata Ubertus Zisca Zamoschi Chancellor of Poland Henry à Brederode the Most Illustrious and Heroic Princes of Orange William the First Maurice Henry Frederic William the Second and Third his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 M. DC LXXXIIX c. and amongst the most Worthy to be for ever Celebrated by that State in Medals of Gold that Brave and Courageous Patriot Offe who with his second Hassenaer saved his Fellow Citizens and Country from being tamely given up to the French before Amsterdam 1678. Fathers and Divines as many as can be recovered with any appearance of Resemblance which I fear will be very few tho' the Monks in some old Greek and Latin Manuscripts pretend to present us not a few especially of the later School-men and Theologues of Note Such as Alphonsus a Castro Aquinas Abbas Urspergensis Altingus G. de Saint Amore Angl. Anastasius Anselmus Arius Montanus Armachanus Angl. Baconthorp Anglus Balsamon Baronius Bellarmin Berengarius Bessarion Bertrâ—m Biel. Bonaventura Bradwardin Angl. Casa Ep. Benevent Cajetan Canus Melch. Capgrave Angl. Cassander Geo. Cusanus Card. Delrio Dionysius Exig M. de Dominis Dossat Drexelius Dubravius Ducaeus Fronto Durandus Drusus Escobar Espensaeus Faggius Paul Fonseca Fulgentius Gaza Theod. Genebrand Gerson Goranus Angl. Granata Grosthed Angl. Hampolus Angl. Heresbachius Hincmarus Hugo Cardinal Hosius Cardinal Iacobus de Vorag Iansenius Ep. Iper Iccoltus Cardinal A Kempis Tho. A Lapide Corn. Io Lascaris Lessius Pet. Lombard Fratres P. Comestor Gratian. Lyra Nich. Angl. Maldonat Mapus Angl. Molineus Mont Luc. Necham Angl. Nigellus Angl. Ocham Angl. Paguinus Pagnigarola Pamelus Pascastus P. Paul Sarpi Author of the C. of Trent Pallavicini Card. his Antagonist Perotus Nic. Perron Cardinal Rhabanus Maur. Rhenanus Beat. Ribadineira Rigaltius Sa Emanuel Sadolet Cardinal Salignat Salmeron Savanerola Schelstrate Serarius Soto Dominic Stapulensis Fab. Suarez Tapperus Tolet Cardinal Torretius Tostatus Tossanus Valentius Greg. Valesius Vasquez Vatablus Vives Ludovic Vulcanius Valeria Cyprian Hugo Des. Victore Angl. Ximenes
did this Pagan Relique last but till the time of Constantine the Great 's Conversion and that he totally abolish'd their impious Rites for until then we meet both that renowned Emperor and his Sons with Radiations and flattered with Consecrations Nor truly was it since wholly so laid aside but that several of his Successors made bold to put them on again and wear them in their Medals and Medalions as far as down to Arcadius Honorius and lower yet among the Greeks where we meet them with a certain Nimbus or Glory about their Heads as in Monkish Manuscripts and antient Altar-Pieces we find the Saints depicted It is indeed reported as if Constantine even after he had embrac'd the Christian Faith ordered the Radiant Crown to be set on that famous Porphyritic Column which he caus'd to be transported to his new Rome from the old and I remember Philostorgius tells us that besides Wax Tapers there was both Victims and Sacrifices offered to it Ex Vales. in Philostorg excerp even by some superstitious Christians but the Credit of that Historian we know is not over-great That they set up lights nay and kneeling before it imploring help and healing of their Infirmities both Photius Theodorit and Nicephorus affirm whilst as to the other the mistake has been discovered that Statue having been made long before by the hand of the famous Phidias to represent Apollo and by no means for that Religious Emperor tho he honored it with his Name after he had caus'd to be inclosed within it as they write some of the Nails which his Mother Helen is we know reported to have miraculously discovered with the real Cross some time before But to dispatch this matter we do not only in Medals meet with Princes Radiant like Gods but with all other circumstances of Deity So Iulian was represented like Serapis and others we find often in their company Apollo in the Reverses of Augustus Domitian with Pallas with Commodus Hercules Hadrian with Romulus Maximianus with Mars Dioclesian with Iupiter c. And as these haughty Emperors so their Empresses Daughters Neeces and Misses to be sure would come in for their share affecting the Garb Attire and Symbola of Goddesses and sometime Priestesses as did Antonia the Wife of Drusus Nero. Pliny mentions an amorous Painter who drew all his Mistresses to represent some Deess for which Iustin Martyr reproaches the Pagans worshipping their Courtezans What would that holy Man now have said to those Christians who not only set up and inthrone their Misses Pictures over their Altars to represent the B. Virgin with the Babe in her Arms but kneel and pay their Devotions to them But so Painters with Poetic liberty Quidlibet Audendi set up and inshrine these fair sinners as so many Idols And thus we have Cleopatra dress'd like Diana Sabina the Wife of Hadrian like to Iuno Faustina with Venus as in another rare Medal we see her mounted upon a Pegasus carrying her up to the Clouds and so of others all of them marks of Deification for such in Medals are those who appear veil'd and with Stars Altars Temples and Eagles perching on them Peacocks the Phoenix Elephants Mules and Chariots drawn by Lions and the like Let us now descend again to the Barbarous The Parthian Armenian and Persian Monarchs had their distinct Crowns some of which resembl'd the Episcopal Miter or Thiara Nor was it new since there are Medals that present us Cesar and others of the Emperors arrogating pontifical Dignity and sacerdotal Offices with their veil'd Heads us'd by both Sexes and not seldom with the Lituus Patera Sistrum Silphium and other sacred Utensils and Characters of Priestly Function and Augurie Mercuries Petasus was wing'd Vulcan and the Cyclops Caps were without brim and Castor and Pollux had a Star by them The Phrygian Bonet was what the Polonians use at present or rather the Venetians Doge Nor seldom meet we both sexes Headed shall I say or Hooded with the spoils of Lions Wolves and Panthers some with the Tusks and Promuscis of an Elephant others in Casks cristed with the Horns of Rams Goats Bulls and other Animals of the Herd which now and then are wing'd denoting fortitude terror sublimity of Mind expedition in Affairs or the Monsters they had subdu'd which divers Hero's and Emperors would be represented by in imitation of Alcides the brawny Commodus fancying himself descended from him Iupiter Hammon and others of the Gods and Goddesses For as to Horns which at this day but to name alone in Spain would indanger ones Life but which the most illustrious of the German Families and noblest bear so frequently on their Cimiers and Crests it seems the Cornuted Head was no such Character and Mark of Ignominy as the learned Spanheim shews in that Passage of his excellent Work De usu Praestantia Numismatum which tho not so very pertinent to our Argument is yet very entertaining and worthy a curious Reader To conclude and before we leave the Imperial Diadem we shall find some even among our Saxon Kings wearing the Regal Circle after the manner of the Greeks Edward the Confessor had of early days a Barr'd Crown but most conspicuous is that of Edward the Fourth How would a neighbour Monarch have boasted this whose Predecessor Lewis the Twelfth had but a single Bar Arch'd over his Crown about the year 1500 wearing only a Cap or Bonnet before as testifie his Coins stamp'd at Milan Genoa Naples c. till he Marry'd our Henry the Eighths Sister who afterwards Espoused Charles Brandon Henry the Third brought the clos'd Crown into Poland soon imitated by the Swedes Philip of Spain took it not till after his Marriage with Queen Mary of England and Maximilian Grandfather to Charles the Fifth and Great Grandfather of Philip first wore an Arch over a Ducal Coronet A little after which Iames the Fourth upon his Marriage with Margarite Daughter to our Henry the Seventh Barr'd the Crown of Scotland and the Kings of Denmark not until after Christian IV. made his Brotherly Visit to our King Iames the First But that of Portugal was first worn by Iohn Bragança late Father to the most Serene and virtuous Queen Dowager From all which instances it appears that the Monarchs of England were of the First in Christendom that pretended to the Arched Crown And as for the French till their First Francis they were for the most part contented with an open Flowry Bordure only little different from the Ducal Coronet which some of the Saxons had of Silver and others wore the copped Helmet as Cnutus the Great Miter-like But more of Crowns see in a Disseration of M. de Cange Whilst by the way we cannot but take notice of what we meet with in the famous Donative pretended to be from the Great Constantine wherein among other particulars which Impostors would obtrude on the World for authentic but which has unluckily discover'd the fraud this is one
Persons are remarkable for the Oculorum mobilis petulantia as Petronius calls it From this also we may solve the Quakers expectingâ—Face awaiting the pretended Spirit and the melancholy Face of Sectaries the studious Countenance of Persons of great application of Mind revengeful and bloody Men like Executioners in the Act and tho' silence in a sort may a while pass for Wisdom yet sooner or later Sir Martin peeps thro' the Disguise to undo all Not that what has been said is always without exception great and virtuous Souls absconded now and then under unpromising externals like to that of Claranus in Seneca but speaking for the most part and as commonly it falls out Thus far the Learned Doctor And thus have we at last gon thro' the Causes and Principles of the Physiognomical Divination as they concern the Face and external Countenance our Artists peculiar Province deducible not only from Effigies in Taille-Douce and Prints but from antient Medals also as Samuel Fuchsius has in particular exemplified in his Metoposcopie from that of Pertinax Maximinus and others without expatiating upon Colours and Complexions as they call them the Tone of the Flesh and other particulars whether tender hard coarse fair or swarthy and so of the Hair as to its being gentle harsh thick or thin not so perfectly discernable whilst yet the long and prolixer Beard was ever a mark of Gravity and Wisdom in Men but a Woman with an hairy Chin was saluted as a Monster by a Peal of Stones at her Of the thin and whey-colour'd Beard 't was usually said Poco barba è men colore Sotto'l cielo non è peggiore Dares says Achilles's Hair was curl'd and ever a sign of Courage so was Pompey's but the leviter inflexa was that of Augustus Depressed and flat to the Fore-head a mark of Cruel c. but those manly Distinctions being now no more the Mode chang'd universally into the Peruke our Physiognomist goes no farther tho' it must I think be acknowledged that the natural Covering was not given to be used altogether as an Excrement but ordained for a natural decent and becoming Discrimination let us hear St. Ambrose elegantly Caesaries reverenda est in Senibus veneranda in Sacerdotibus terribilis in Bellatoribus decora in Adolescentibus compta in Mulieribus dulcis in Pueris Hair says the Holy Bishop is reverend in old Men venerable in Priests terrible in Soldiers becoming in young Men elegant in Women sweet and lovely in Children But of these Accessaries only in Medals and Picture in Prints tho' a Physiognomist can take little notice so as to make any certain Judgment for want of Colour they may yet from other likensses make almost the same Conjectures as from the Life it self as 't is reported of that Artist who from a Picture only drawn by the great Apelles predicted by what Accident the Original should perish And I have been told of the famous Architect and Statuary the late Chevalier Bernini who cut that rare Bust of Charles the First at Rome in white Marble from a Picture painted by Van Dyke yet extant and to be seen in one of His Majesty's Apartments that he foretold something of funest and unhappy which the Countenance of that Excellent Prince fore-boded We have said nothing of the Voice the Object of another Sense whether shrill loud hoarse broken small harmonious and agreeable c. by which much might be discover'd as appears by that of Socrates who tho' so skilful in Metoposcopie bid the Boy whom they brought him to speak Eloquere ut te videam s that he might see what was in the Youth This I know was meant of the Wit and towardliness of the Boy But what if the Voice alone assist the discovery of that too and yet even without the Voice Et fronte vultu etiam in ipso oris silentio natura sequitur as Adamantius For tho' Picture be not vocal the Eyes and Countenance often supply the Tongue and speak the very Passions and interior of the Soul to which add that of Porta Est enim similitudo Pictus sermo Pictura loquens quae quovis sermone quibusve notis valentior And now we mention Picture since the Posture or Stroak of one single Line does often discover the Regnant Passion De Frenay so elegantly published by Mr. Dryden forgets not to recommend the Art of Physiognomy to the study of Painters One thing more whilst we are discoursing of Heads and Faces who can but take notice of that Wise and Wonderful Providence which has ordain'd such variety of Looks and Countenances among Men whilst the other Parts and Members of our Bodies are in comparison so little different much less the Heads and Faces as I may also call them of other Creatures of the same Species since were it otherwise and that Men had been made all like one another the whole Government and Politie of the World must long since have run into Confusion and sad Disorder For who could have distinguish'd the True-man from the Thief There would be promiscuous Amours and innocent Adulteries as well as injurious For the Wife could not know her Husband so like Alcumena in Amphitryo the Son would mistake his Father Gen. XXVii 22. the Father his Son the Friend his Friend and there would be no more Justice no more Commerce no more Living in the World For Evil Men would deny their Crimes and Good Men be often punished for the Faults of the wicked For tho' in a Flock of Ten Thousand Sheep 't is said an Ewe will know her Lamb Plautus in Menechm Parents would many times mistake their own Children as it is often seen among Twins where Brothers and Sisters have so resembled one the other as to have been corrected for Faults they did not commit but which neither their Voice nor any other natural Mark could discriminate Nay I read of some who were Strangers to one another as the two Slaves of Mark Antony tho' born in several Countries vastly distant Plin. Nat. Hist. Lib. VII Cap 2. Arist. Hist. Nat. Lib. XVII Cap. 6. the one in Egypt the other in Asia Persons exceedingly resembling were Henry the Fourth of France and the Miller of Languedoc Malatesta Duke of Bavaria and Marchesinus a Mimic nor without admiration have I sometimes considered a poor Hedger and Day-Labourer of mine so extreamly like the renowned Emperor Charles the Fifth as no Flesh could be more if the best Pictures of that Mighty Prince be truly represented by the best Painter that perhaps has ever been the Famous Titian Erythraeus says the Poet Stephanius was like Virgil Antoninus Pius resembling Numa Pompilius and the Great Chancellor of France Mic. Hospitalis in Countenance like Aristotle But as these happen rarely so a Physiognomist's Judgment is not at all ingaged to pronounce of their Fortune or Advancement referring various Events to the bold Astrologer or rather indeed to the Providence of God alone and as