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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36804	A short view of the late troubles in England briefly setting forth, their rise, growth, and tragical conclusion, as also, some parallel thereof with the barons-wars in the time of King Henry III : but chiefly with that in France, called the Holy League, in the reign of Henry III and Henry IV, late kings of the realm : to which is added a perfect narrative of the Treaty at U[n]bridge in an.	Dugdale, William, Sir, 1605-1686.	1681 (1681)	Wing D2492; ESTC R18097	368,620	485

A SHORT VIEW OF THE Late Troubles IN ENGLAND Briefly setting forth Their RISE GROWTH and TRAGICAL CONCLUSION As also some Parallel thereof with the BARONS-WARS in the time of King HENRY III. But chiefly with that in France called the HOLY LEAGUE in the Reign of HENRY III. and HENRY IV. late Kings of that Realm To which is added A Perfect Narrative of the Treaty at Uxbridge in an 1644. OXFORD Printed at the THEATER for MOSES PITT at the Angel in St. Paul's Church-Yard London MDCLXXXI Carolus Primus D. G. Anglia Scotia Francia et Hibernia Rex F. D. THE PREFACE THat all Rebellions did ever begin with the fairest Pretences for Reforming of somewhat amiss in the Government is a Truth so clear that there needs no manifestation thereof from Examples Nor were they ever observed to have greater success than when the Colours for Religion did openly appear in the Van of their armed Forces most men being desirous to have it really thought how bad and vile soever their practises are that zeal to God's glory is no small part of their aim Which guilded bait hath been usually held forth to allure the Vulgar by those whose ends and designs were nothing else than to get into power and so to possess themselves of the Estates and Fortunes of their more opulent Neighbours Should I look far backwards for discovery of the first source and fountain whence that viperous brood which not long since hath so miserably infested these Kingdoms did spring of whose unparallel'd practises the ensuing Narrative doth specially take notice I must ascend to the times of Moses and Aaron the one the supreme Magistrate the other the chief Priest Corah Dathan and Abiran then rising up and taking upon themselves an authority equal with those chosen servants of God and saying that all the Congregation was Holy In like manner afterward when Absolom the rebellious son of David rose up against his father there was a demure face of Godliness put on of a solemn vow to be performed to God at Hebron and large promises of reformation of all abuses in Government were made by the unnatural usurper This sort of practice continued in the Iewish Church till the time of the Gospel as is conspicuous enough from the words of our blessed Saviour where he speaks of the Scribes and Pharisees that they did outwardly appear righteous unto men but within were full of Hypocrisy and Guile devouring Widows houses and for a pretence making long Prayers Our Lord in the xith and xvith Chapter of St. Luke making likewise a farther Description of them St. Paul also in his Epistle to Timothy plainly foretelling us that such should again spring up in the last times Men saith he who shall be Lovers of themselves covetous boasters proud c. Traiterous heady high-minded c. having a form of Godliness but denying the power thereof Now that the offspring of these did more or less infest the world throughout all after-times would be no difficult thing to manifest were it here necessary or convenient In the time of heathen persecution of Christianity rose up Novatian the father of the Cathari or Puritans to whom may be added Donatus and his followers who confin'd Godliness to themselves and religion to Africa their country After the settlement of the Church in Christian Emperors appear'd Aerius the first inventor of Presbytery which tho it seem'd a long time dead has been of late raked out of its ashes and made to trouble and set on fire the Western Church As to the usual practises of the men of this sect there is nothing more clear than that Religion nay the Reformation thereof to its purity hath bin the thing which they have ever cryed up and that meekness sanctity and the power of Godliness are the Cloaks in which they have alway at first shew'd themselves by which plausible devices they have captivated thousands But it is no less evident that having by this means got power into their hands destruction of civil Government Rapine Spoil and the greatest mischeifs imaginable have bin the woful effects of those their Specious pretences whereby they have really verified that expression of our Saviour viz. that they were of their father the Devil and the Works of him they should do But to come nearer my present business That the Actions of our late times chiefly from the year 1637 till 1660 can be easily forgotten or that there is any need of reviving the memory of them to this present Age 't is not to be imagin'd Nevertheless for their sakes who are ignorant of the means and preparations made in order to those grand Exploits then done and that Posterity may have a short view thereof I have adventured upon the publishing of this Discourse which was long since compiled Wherein I first deduce our late Troubles in England and other his Majesties Realms from the principles of those persons who about an hundred and fifty years before under the same Hypocritical pretences did greivously infest Germany And having finished that Narrative as particularly and fully as I may afterwards manifest that the original project of our chief Contrivers here was to reduce the King to Necessities and thereby to expose him to the use of such extraordinary ways of Supply as might most conduce to the raising of discontent amongst all his good Subjects Which they did by engaging first his father in a war for the Palatinate and their failing to assist him notwithstanding their most solemn promises As also by planting Schismatical Lectures in most corporateTowns and populous places throughout the Realm so to poison the people with Antimonarchical principles In the next place I shall take notice of the rise and progress of the late troubles in Scotland which were the Prologue to these of ours Then of the Scottish Invasion which occasioned the unhappy long Parliament and likewise of some proceedings in that Parliament before the predominant party therein did put themselves in Arms. After this I shall point at the dissolution of the Presbyterian power and growth of the Independent whereupon ensued the nefarious murther of King Charles the first and after that such confusions as made way for the happy Restoration of our present Soveraign King Charles the second Which being done I shall make some observations upon their first fair and smooth pretences set forth in several Declarations and Remonstrances by which the too credulous people were miserably deluded and drawn from their due Allegiance And lastly give some brief Account of those Actings by the Rebellious Barons here in the time of King Henry the third which had most resemblance with the practises of these our pretended Reformers As also shew how exact a parallel these great Masters in mischief have held with those of the Holy League in France whose Rebellion terminated in some sort as ours did in the Murther of their King What falleth within my own cognisance I deliver with mine own words what is beyond

Instructions he thought convenient to Fortifie the Duke in this violent Assault And knowing how strictly he was guarded from the access of any Protestant his Lordship being by his Lady related to the Abbot went to give him a Visit but his design was soon guessed at and though he obtained access to the Duke he was so carefully watcht that with great difficulty he did unperceived convey to him the Instructions he had prepared for him yet was forc'd to Vary his Stratagems to have farther advices from time to time delivered to him But so narrowly was the Duke eyed by the Popish Spies set over him and the Priests were all the day long so incessantly torturing him with their Pressures to change his Religion that he had no opportunity to peruse any Papers sent to him so that he was constrained to deliver them to his faithful Servant Gryffin who in the night time as he lay in his Bed-Chamber acquainted him what the scope of them was By the advantage of which through the Assistance of Almighty God he did so resolutely withstand all the violent shocks of his Persecuters that thereupon they resolved not only to remove Mr. Gryffin from him but to Imprison the Duke in the Iesuits Colledge Whereof the King his Brother then in Germany receiving advise he did immediately use all possible endeavours for his relief and sent an Expostulary Letter to the Queen his Mother with Commands to all his most Eminent Protestant-Subjects in Paris to be to their utmost aiding and Assisting to him in this his distress Some dayes before he was to have been removed to the Iesuits-Colledge Sir George Ratcliff attempted the delivery of a Letter to him from the King his Brother but though he was admitted to his presence he could not with Privacy do it Whereupon he was necessitated to leave it with Mr. Gryffin to be convey'd to him In which Letter his Majesty minded him of the strict Command he left with him at his parting to continue firm in his Religion as also of the Vanity of their Motives the emptiness of their Promises the last Charge of their dead Father which he solemnly gave him with the entail of his Blessing annexed withal telling him if he suffered himself to be perverted in his Religion by any inticements whatsoever or put himself into the Iesuits-+Colledge he had the last Letter he should ever have from him and must never look to see his Face again As soon as the Duke had with an unexpressible joy received this Letter with all hast possible he transcribed a Copy of it and forthwith sent it to the Queen his Mother begging her leave to come to Paris both upon the account of those commands of the King and the News of his Brother the Duke of York's being return'd from the French Army But her Majesty was pleased to send him word she could not cease wishing his so great and eternal good as the change of his Religion to which she would not force him but advised him to hearken to what Abbot Mountagu should farther deliver to him which was that he should howsoever be willing to go to the Iesuits-Colledge where he should have liberty in all things he could desire To which it was still designed to have forced him had it not been prevented by the arrival of the then Marquess but since Duke of Ormund That great and loyal subject attending on his Majesty in Germany when the news of this attempt upon the Duke of Gloucester came perceiving how much his Majesty was concern'd thereat and how sollicitous he was to rescue him out of the hands of his Persecutors profered to go and fetch him to his Majesty But it was objected how great a hazard it would be to his Person in so ill a season of weather to take so long and dangerous a journey just upon the withdrawing of the Armies into their Winter Quarters the Souldiers having beset all the ways so that no person could pass without much Peril But that Noble Lord who had lost so vast an Estate and so often most Eminently hazarded his Life in the Glorious Service he had done the King and in defence of the Protestant Religion was not to be affrighted from any attempt to do the like for the future And therefore he the more earnestly pressed his Majesty for his leave to go and for his Letters and Instructions to carry with him Certainly the concern was of such high consequence that he or none could accomplish it For had any person of less Authority Interest and renown for his Ability in State-Affairs or Zeal for the Service undertaken it he had probably return'd re infecta For had not his Lordship made all possible expedition and staid but four dayes longer before his Arrival at Paris he had come too late the Duke had certainly been shut up in the Iesuits-Colledge from whence there had been no retriving him For the French Court had so zealously espoused this Affair that his Lordship was necessitated to exert all his prudence that he might accomplish the business he came about As soon as his Lordship was arrived at the Pallace-Royai he did so effectually pursue his Instructions that the Duke had liberty to return to Paris and enjoy the free exercise of his Religion but going sometime after to the French-Court both the Queen-Mother of France and Cardinal Mazarine pressed him with all the allurements they thought might prevail upon him to turn Roman-Catholick Telling him that they look't on him as a Child of France that it was only for his advantage and the opportunity they should have thereby of highlyer doing him good that induced them to move him thereto Adding that since his Father was dead he ought to obey his Mother in all things she commanded To which observing the King his Brother's Instructions not to engage in any dispute he replyed only in general termes that he was resolved to obey his Mother as much as any Son could and ought to do and thereby disengaged himself from any farther pursuit at that time But all the allurements of the French-Court and the severity used towards him by the Queen his Mother could not in the least shake his firmness in his Religion which her Majesty with great Indignation perceiving some few dayes after she took him apart and as he afterwards discovered beginning with all sweetness Imaginable she declared to him how great and tender affection she had for him and how much it grieved her that very love it self should compel her to proceed now with such seeming severity She presumed he was weary of it and truly she was so too and for his ease sake she would shorten his time of Tryal And therefore proposing to him all the good she aimed at in this design the duty he owed her and the disability of the King his Brother to maintain him she commanded him to withdraw himself presently into his Lodging and there give one hearing more to Abbot Mountagu And

viz. at Dunbar and Worcestrer it will not be amiss to take notice of somewhat concerning his Carcase which was wholly preternatural viz. that notwithstanding it was Artificially Embowelled and Embalmed with Aromatick Odours wrapt also in six-fold Cerecloth and put in a sheet of Lead with a strong wooden Coffin over it yet did it in a short time so strangely ferment that it burst all in pieces and became so noysom that they were immediately necessitated to commit it to the Earth and to celebrate his Funeral with an empty Coffin Which solemnity was performed from Somerset-House in the Strand unto King Henry the Sevenths Chappel at Westminster with that Grandeur and State upon the 23. of November following that it did equalize the greatest and most glorious of our Kings amongst which they laid the Corps of this infamous Regicide CHAP. XXXIX HEre should I go on in the path of my Story but because that reports have been so various and uncertain touching his Parentage and course of life before he became an Actor in this unparallel'd Rebellion it will not be improper to make a short digression and as briefly as may be to say somthing of both That his Extraction by the Fathers side was from Sir Richard Williams Kt. a Gentleman of eminent note in the Court of King Henry the VIII and son to Morgan ap William a Welchman by Sister to Thomas Lord Cromwel Earl of Essex the chief Agent in those days for the dissolution of the Monasteries is not to be doubted Who being by his Uncle preferred to the service of King Henry was for that cause and no other called Cromwel as is apparent enough from Testimonies of credit however some have fancyed otherwise which Sir Richard thereupon writing himself Cromwel alias Williams was then in such Favour and Grace with the King that having received the dignity of Knighthood for his Heroick behaviour at a Tilting in 32. Hen. VIII he had also the great Abby of Ramsey the Nunnery of Hinchinbroke with the Priories of Sautrey and Huntington given to him upon the disposal of the Monastery Lands All which he left unto Sir Henry Cromwel Kt. his Son and Heir Who making Hinchinbroke his principal Seat as more pleasantly situate than Ramsey is left Issue Sir Oliver Cromwel made Knight of the Bath at the Coronation of King Iames and Robert Cromwel a younger Son with some other Children Which Robert though he was by the countenance of his elder Brother made a Justice of Peace in Huntingtonshire had but a slender Estate much of his support being a Brew-House in Huntington chiefly managed by his Wife who was Sister to Sir Robert Steward of the City of Ely Knight and by her had Issue this our famous Oliver stiled Protector of England Scotland and Ireland as hath been observed In his Youth he was for some time bred up in the University of Cambridg where he made no great proficiency in any kind of Learning but then and afterwards sorting himself with Drinking-Companions and the ruder sort of people being of a rough and blustering disposition he had the name of a Royster amongst most that knew him and by his exorbitances so wasted his Patrimony that having attempted his Uncle Steward for a supply of his wants and finding that by a smooth way of application to him he could not prevail he endeavoured by colour of Law to lay hold of his Estate representing him a person not able to govern it But therein failing for lack of better mantenance his aim was for New-England purposing there to fix as is very well known Observing therefore that most of those unquiet Spirits who were refractory to the Church-Discipline by Law Establisht here were the principal persons which had stored that new Plantation and that none but such Schismaticks were welcome guests thither for his better furtherance from those of that gang and the fairer acceptance upon his arrival there through the recommendation of those Godly Brethren he forthwith quitted his old Companions and betook himself to the acquaintance of the pretended Holy Tribe most formally canting in their demure Language and affected tone and frequenting the Sermons of the fiercest Boutefeus Amongst which as a blessed Convert in whom they much gloried he gained in short time a very high Reputation So that having better Natural parts than the most of that Sect and confidence enough to put forth himself upon any fit occasion he was especially made choice of by those who ever endeavoured the undermining of Regal Authority to be their Orator at Huntington unto the late Kings Commissiones of Sewers there in opposition to His Majesties most commendable design for the general drayning of that great and vast level of the adjacent Fenns In which adventure his boldness and Elocution gained him so much credit as that soon after being necessitated through his low condition to quit a Country Farm which he held at St. Ives and betake himself to mean Lodgings in Cambridg the Schismatical party there chose him a Burgess for their Corporation in that unhappy Long-Parliament which began at Westminster upon the third of November 1640. Wherein he bestirred himself with as much violence and heat as any Schismatical Bankrupt did in that mischievious Convention being well aware that a general imbroilment of the Kingdom by an intestine War might be of advantange to such necessitous and desperate people Whereupon in short time he did accordingly obtain his long desired ends for being one of the first of those who put themselves in Arms against the King he was made a Captain of Horse in the Earle of Essex's Regiment and afterward Lieutenant General to the late Earl of Manchester In which service his great strength of Reason accompanyed with no less Courage soon gained him such experience in the Discipline of War as that taking strict care for the well Arming of his men and preventing their disorder upon any hot pursuit such success attended him upon all occasions as at length gained him the Reputation of a skilful Commander by reason whereof he arrived to much higher advancements Where soon discerning the general humour of the Souldier and that many of them were possessed with conceited Revelations some expecting a personal Reign of Christ here on Earth fancying themselves the men who were to make way for his coming and to that purpose that they were to destroy the wicked and possess their Estates he chiefly applyed himself to the humor of those desperate Fanaticks and by his subtle arts in Praying Preaching Groaning and Howling amongst them got himself no less Credit than Mahomet of old did with his Followers And so by degrees ascending those steps of Command and Power whereof instance hath been given in the precedent Story raised himself at last to the highest pitch of Soveraignty as hath already been observed CHAP. XL. I Now proceed to Richard his Son Proclaimed Protector upon his death as hath been said Whose Title was for a

more than they can and leave the Triumph and Conquest of Souls to the Wisdom of God who only forms and Reforms the Hearts of Men as he pleasech and gives the signal to many wandring Souls to bring them into the way of Salvation it being not possible for Men to impose a necessity upon that which God hath left at Liberty the Conscience which should be as free in a State as Thought Where going on he shews by the continued Practice of former times that such Princes as were well advised never killed their Subjects to Convert them nor wasted their Dominions by War to inform their Consciences by the Sword knowing that Religion is an Act of Union and Concord and must be planted by Instruction whereas Wars are all for Division and Destruction And those who in these later times have mingled Heaven and Earth together to compell the Consciences of their Subjects to an Unity in Religion have at last been fayn to give over and let them alone and to reject the advise of those unskilful Physitians who prescribe nothing but Antimony and Letting Bloud for all Diseases Then he proves that the accord made with the Protestants was both just necessary and profitable The whole Discourse is not unworthy the consideration of our times but I shall not trouble the Reader with Transcribing farther Having now dispatch't the Holy-League and made good I hope so much as I undertook that it was for the most part parallel to this of ours One thing only I have not insisted on not knowing whether it be convenient to particularize in it namely the strange Disasters and Unfortunate ends which befell many Eminent Persons of that League Like to which our own Story hath afforded us some Examples already and Posterity may be able to observe more To say nothing of any that were Kill'd in those Wars on either Party nor much of the Tragical ends of many of that Family who were the first Authors and constant Upholders of that League it cannot be forgot that the Duke of Guise and his Brother the Cardinal were both of them suddainly taken away by Trechery when their hopes were at highest And the Duke of Nemure their Brother by the Mother Betray'd by one whom he most trusted Dyed in Despair in the declining of the League Likewise That one of the Duke of Guise his Sons a Person of special note for his Valour was some Years after the Peace miserably torn in peices by a Canon at Arles which burst when he gave Fire to it Shooting at a Mark. The chief of the Duke of Lorreynes Family who thought to have gained the Kingdom of France to his Son from the Father that Son lost all his own Dukedom to the Son The Duke of Merceur who aimed to have had Brittany at least for his share Dyed of the Plague in a Forrein Countrey left no Heir Male so that his whole Estate came to the Duke of Vendosine with his Daughter much against her Will. The Count of St. Paul who had been advanced by the Duke of Mayne to the Title of Mareschal of France was in the time of the League Stab'd by the young Duke of Guise as he came forth of the Church at Remes Villiers the Admiral was basely Kill'd by a Spanish-Souldier in cold Bloud and his Finger cut off by another for his Ring Brisson the Primier President of the Parliament at Paris who had been first most Violent against the King upon suspicion of complying afterwards was with some others Strangled by the Tumultuous Citizens of Paris And the Lord Gomeron Governour of Han in Picardy who sold that place to the Spaniard was Beheaded before the Walls of the same Town a Reward not much Inferior to that of the two Hothums I take no pleasure in reckoning up many of these Instances He that will seek may find more in France and he that will observe I do not wish but fear it in time may discover as many in England One Observation more I shall Intreat the Reader to carry home with him and then I have done with the Holy-League It hath already been shew'd at full that when the Leaguers first took up Armes and bound themselves by Oathes against their King the pretended grounds of the one and the Subject of the other were nothing but the Defence of the true Religion the Laws and Liberties and Property of the Subject with many fair Promises to make the King a Glorious King Where I cannot chuse but observe how the Hand of God by a strange Providence turned all their Vows into Prophecies and their Promises into Predictions by fulfilling them all though in far different sence from what they intended By setling the True Religion they meant the Roman but God fulfilled it of the Protestant And those Armes which they Vowed to the Ruine God Converted to the Advancement of it the Protestants of that Kingdom having upon that occasion obtain'd and ever since enjoyed greater Immunities and a more free and setled course of the Profession of their Religion than ever they had before As to the Laws the Fundamental Laws of France to speak with the French-Man the Salique-Laws touching the Succession of the Crown and Prerogative of the King which they intended to alter they did in the event confirm And as Henry the third was Advanced to a State of Glory by the cruel Hands of Iaques Clement an Instrument of the League and Henry the fourth by Ravilliac one Trained up in the same Principles So was King Charles the first by his bloudy Murtherers here But as it fell out consider what a purchase the Glorious Nobility the Gallant Gentry the Rich Citizens and the Secure Farmer had when by siding with the Leaguers they Exchanged their Loyalty and present Peace which they enjoyed under the King's Protection for the aiery hopes of a greater Liberty and if not bettering at least securing their Estates Did not the long continuance of those Wars so inure the Souldiers to a Military course of Life and the People to Patience under Contributions and Impositions that the former could never since be won to lay the Sword out of his Hands nor the latter get the Yoke shaken off their Shoulders Only the Scene is somewhat altered for whereas before their own Countrey was the Stage of the War they have now removed it to their Neighbours And the Crown of France by reason of their many Victories and Successes is now become justly formidable to a great part of Europe whereby the promise of the Leaguers is fully verified the King is made Glorious but how far they so intended is easy to imagine And how the Liberty of the Subject in general is enhaunted and their Property Establisht by these Glorious Atchievements of the King when their Yearly Taxes for support of his Wars amount almost if not altogether to the value of their Lands let the French if they have any cause make their boast And