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A13217 Speculum mundiĀ· Or A glasse representing the face of the world shewing both that it did begin, and must also end: the manner how, and time when, being largely examined. Whereunto is joyned an hexameron, or a serious discourse of the causes, continuance, and qualities of things in nature; occasioned as matter pertinent to the work done in the six dayes of the worlds creation. Swan, John, d. 1671.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver. 1635 (1635) STC 23516; ESTC S118043 379,702 552

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ended and the next began And now if it be further demanded why God commanded the Israelites at their return out of Egypt to alter the beginning of their yeare from Autumne unto the Spring unlesse it had been so of old To that it is answered thus viz. that there are two reasons for it 1. The one is this They coming out of Egypt from the bondage of Pharaoh were to begin their yeare from that time in memorie of their deliverance And therefore it is said in Exod. 12. 42. It is a night to be much observed to the Lord for bringing them out of the land of Egypt this is that night of the Lord to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations 2. And not onely so but also at the same time of the yeare as God had determined it there was a better and a greater deliverie to be wrought for mankinde namely such a delivery as should free him from the bondage of Satan by the death of Christ. Now this may be called the Deliverie of deliveries of which that other out of Egypt was but a figure because it was but from a corporall bondage whereas this was from a spirituall And thus came the yeare to be changed which ever before pointed to the time of mans creation but now it is made to point another way namely to the time of mans redemption by which God taught his Church then typically delivered how to expect the acceptable yeare of the Lord and time of mans redemption which was both proclaimed and purchased by that Lambe of God who taketh away the sinnes of the world whose offering upon the crosse was at the same time of the yeare when that Paschal lambe by which he was prefigured was slain which time why it is severed from Autumne hath been shewed Yea thus came the first to be last and the last first thus came Nisan to get the dignitie from the other moneths and to be called the beginning or first moneth●…in the yeare At which we need not marvell for the time of mans redemption was a more worthy mark from whence to reckon then the time of his creation And thus have I delivered what I finde and verily think to be most probable in this matter Unto which may be added that as the evening was before the morning so was the Autumne before the Spring for the yeare and the day have a kinde of analogie between the one and the other as may be seen in the seventh day compared with the seventh yeare and therefore they do well serve the one to expresse the naturall beginning of the other CHAP. III. Containing a discourse of such things as are pertinent to the first dayes work Sect. 1. Of God the Architect of all and of the first part of the first dayes work TIme by whose revolutions we measure houres dayes weeks moneths and yeares is nothing else but as it were a certain space borrowed or set apart from eternitie which shall at the last return to eternitie again like the rivers which have their first course from the seas and by running on there they arrive and have their last for before Time began there was Eternitie namely GOD which was which is and which shall be for ever without beginning or end and yet the beginning and end of all things Aeternitas enim Dei solummodo naturae substantialiter inest saith one that is Eternitie is substantially onely in the nature of God When Moses therefore would have known Gods name he tells him Thus shalt thou say unto the children of Israel I AM hath sent me unto you By which name saith Junius he would have himself known according to his eternall essence whereby he is discerned from all other things which are either in heaven on the earth or elsewhere Which in another place is thus illustrated Egosum Primus Ultimus praeter me non est Deus I am the First and the Last and beside me there is no God Esay 44. 6. Or thus Before the day was I am he and there is none that can deliver out of my hand Esay 43. 13. To which that of the Psalmist doth well agree Before the mountains were brought forth or ever the earth and the world were made thou art God from everlasting to everlasting Psal. 90. 2. Thus we see that before ever any thing was God onely was who gave both a beginning and a being unto every thing that is and he in respect of his divine essence is but one Yet so as in that single essence of his there be three divine subsistences or persons all truely subsisting whereof every one is distinct from other and yet each hath the whole Godhead in it self and these are the Father Sonne and holy Ghost 1. John 5. 7. 1. The Father is a person who from all eternitie hath begotten the Sonne 2. The Sonne is a person from all eternitie begotten of the Father 3. The holy Ghost is a person eternally proceeding from the Father and the Sonne as the holy Scriptures witnesse These thus distinct in person not divinitie All three in one make one eternall Trinitie From which eternall and undivided Trinitie the whole world consisting of things visible and invisible took beginning as the originall words Elohim and Bara do well expresse For Elohim being a word plurall doth signifie Dii Gods but being joyned with a word singular namely Bara which is Created they then together shew that there are three persons in the Deitie and that the three persons are but one God who did create Or thus Those two words being the one of the singular the other of the plurall number do note unto us the singularitie of the Godhead and pluralitie of the persons And not onely so but they also shew that the three persons being but one God did all of them create For such is found to be the proprietie of the Hebrew phrase Elohim bara Creavit Dii The Gods created 1. Of the Father it is witnessed that he created as the fountain of goodnesse For saith S. James Every good and perfect gift is from above cometh down from the Father of lights Jam. 1. 17. Of whom and through whom saith S. Paul are all things Rom. 11. 36. 2. Of the Sonne it is witnessed that he created as the wisdome of the Father For when he created the heavens saith Wisdome I was there Prov. 8. 27. And again By him were all things created that are Coloss. 1. 14 15. namely by him who did bear the image of the Father and was the Redeemer of the world 3. And lastly of the holy Ghost it is witnessed that he createth as the power of the Father and the Sonne For by his Spirit he garnished the heavens and by his hand he hath formed the crooked serpent Job 26. 13. and chap. 33. 4. Or as the Psalmist hath it By the word of the Lord were the heavens made
word and then the other creatures were produced but now he calls a councell and doth consult not out of need but rather to shew the excellencie of his work or indeed to shew himself he speaks not therefore to the Angels but the Trinitie saying Let us make man Wherein the Father as the first in order speaketh to the Sonne and holy Spirit and the Sonne and Spirit speak and decree it with the Father and the Father Sonne and holy Ghost all Three in One and One in Three create a creature to be the other creatures lord He was therefore the last as the end of all the rest the last in execution but first in intention the Map Epitome and Compendium of what was made before him Three worlds there are and Mankinde is the fourth The first is Elementarie the second a Celestiall world the third Angelicall and the fourth is Man the little world In the first is ignis urens a burning fire and this in the heavens is ignis fovens a nourishing and quickning fire but in those creatures above seated in the supercelestiall world it is ignis ardens amor Seraphicus an ardent burning and Seraphicall love and in the fourth are all these found at once For first as mans bodie is compounded of the Elements he hath his share of that warm fire in him The influence of the Planets working on him doth likewise shew the second And for the third their hearts who burn within them do declare it Neither was he made like other creatures with a groveling look or downward countenance but with an erected visage beholding the heavens and with lordly looks well mixt with majestie He hath a bodie whose members are either Principall and Radicall or else Lesse principall and Officiall His heart liver and brain contain the vitall naturall and animall spirits and these are carried by the arteries veins and nerves The arteries carrie the vitall spirits from the heart The veins carrie the naturall spirits from the liver giving nourishment to every part And the nerves carrie the animall spirits from the brain being spirits for sense and motion and therefore called animall spirits howbeit the motive nerves spring from the marrow in the back and the sensitive come from the brain Also know that under every vein is an arterie for wheresoever there goeth a vein to give nutriment there goeth an arterie to bring the spirit of life Neither is it but that the arteries lie deeper in the flesh then the veins because they carrie and keep in them more precious bloud then the veins keep and are therefore not onely further from outward dangers but clothed also in two coats whereas the veins have but one Whereupon it is no hard thing to distinguish between these two vessels of bloud if we can but remember that the arterie is a vessel of bloud spirituall or vitall and the vein a vessel of bloud nutrimentall for as I said before the veins have their beginning from the liver bringing from thence nutritive bloud to nourish every member of the bodie Moreover his heart is the seat of all the passions as in one instance may suffice for being transported with fear we call back the bloud to the heart as to the place where fear prevaileth the bloud going thither as it were to comfort and cherish the heart And whereas it may seem that our anger is seated in the gall love in the liver and melancholie in the splene it is answered that those humours placed in the gall liver and splene are not the seat of the passions and affections but they are the occasion whereby the passions are stirred up as the abundance of bloud in the liver stirreth up the passion of love which neverthelesse is placed and seated in the heart and so of the rest And again seeing the vitall spirits proceed from the heart it cannot be denied but that this member liveth first and dieth last And as the heart was the seat of all the passions so the head is a seat and place for all the senses except the touch for that is not onely in one place but in all and every place being spread quite through the whole bodie or isle of man The eyes are the windows of the bodie and albeit a man have two eyes in his head yet he receiveth but one sight at once because the optick nerves meet both in one The eares be like certain doores with labyrinthicall e●…tries and crooked windings and here again although the eares be two yet a man can heare but one sound at once because his acoustick nerves like to the optick nerves meet both in one His tongue discerneth tastes and albeit he have two eyes and as many eares yet his tongue is single and alone A man should therefore heare and see more then he speaketh and when he speaketh not wrong his heart and secret thoughts by uttering words with a double tongue for bilinguis is more then God made him and double tongues shall be rooted out Besides the lungs be the bellows of the voice and are seated close to the heart to teach us that speech ought to be the interpreter of the heart and not that a man may speak one thing and think another The nose serveth not onely as a gutter for the excrements of the brain to flow and passe through but also for a pipe of respiration to give and take our living breath and to conduct the aire and odoriferous smells up to the brain for the conservation and recreation of the animal spirits When the head is in danger the hand casts it self up to save it And in giving hands to man the speciall providence of God is to be marked for he hath made him to take his meat with his hand and hath not left him to gather and take it up with his lips as the beasts do because that would be a means to hinder his speech by thickening his lips as experience teacheth in those who either by nature or by accident have thick swollen lips causing them to speak in the mouth uttering their words very badly and indistinctly Neither could there be so many quick conceits of the minde or curious inventions of sundry artists brought to perfection without such an instrumentall help as the hand The feet be the bases of the bodie carrying man like a lordly creature with his face from earth and eyes to heaven that he might thither strive to come at last where he inhabiteth who gave him these and all his other members else which now I cannot stand to dilate upon at large And when he had them all and was framed out like a curious piece God breathed in his nostrils the breath of life and man became a living soul he then took his second part when his first was finished neither was that second made till then for in the infusion it was created and in the creation it was infused