and Gentiles He was in proportion of meane stature lively faced big-headed eloquent in language of a sanguinicall complexion and a couragious stomacke in all attempts exceeding desperate he was also deceitfull variant and fraudulent as may appeare in his Satanicall Fables expressed in his Alcoran where oft one saying contradicteth another both in words and effect About this time there was one Sergius an Italian born binished from Constantinopole because he allowed of the Arrian sect who afterward came to Palestina and frequenting the house of Abdeminoples fell in acquaintance with the young man Mahomet and this Frier perceiving the aspiring quicknes of his braine bore a great affection to his naturall perfections Shortly after this his Master dying without heires and his Mistresse injoying many rich possessions she for these his extraordinary quallities from the degree of a Servant advanced him to be her own Husband That unhappy match was no sooner done but she repented it with teares for he being subject to the falling sicknesse would often fall flat on the ground before her staring gaping and foaming at the mouth so that his company became loathsome and detestable The which begot contempt in his bed-fellow being to him manifested he strove under the shadow of invented lies to mitigate the fury of her hatefull disdaine faining and attesting that when he fell to the ground it was the great God spoke with him before whose face saith hee I am not able to stand such is the soliciting of me with words of terrour and Majesty to reforme the wayes of the degenerate people with fire and sword sith Moses and Christ notwithstanding of their miracles have beene rejected by the world The old Trot believing all these flattering speeches was not only appeased of her former conceit but also loving him more then a husband reverenced him for a divine Prophet imparting the same unto her neighbours and gossips After they had lived two yeares together the bewitched Matron dying left all her possessions to Mahomet both because she accounted him to be a Prophet and next for that loving regard she had of his render body being but 30 yeares of age He being thus left with great riches was puft up in pride and hauty desires striving by all inordinary meanes to bring his new devised plots to perfection For the better performance whereof he consulted with this Sergius a Nestorian Monk and Atodala another Thalmudist a diverted Iew hereupon these two helhounds the other perverst Runnagate patchedup a most monstrous and divellish Religion to themselves and to their miscreant beleevers partly composed of the Iudaicall law partly of Arrianisme partly intermixed with some points of Christianity and partly of other fantasticall fopperies which his owne invention suggested unto him The Booke of this Religion is named the Alcoran the whole body of which is but an exposition and glosse on the eight commandements he affixed whereupon dependeth the whole Mahomet anicall Law First every one ought to beleeve that God is a great God and onely God and Mahomet is his Prophet Secondly every man must marry to encrease the Sectaries of Mahomet Thirdly every one must give of his his wealth to the poore Fourthly every one must make his prayers seven times a day Fiftly every one must keep a Lent one moneth in the yeare this Lent is called Byrham or Ramazan Sixtly Be obedient to thy Parents which Law is so neglected that never any children were or are more unnaturall then the Turkish be Seventhly thou shalt not kill which they inviolable keepe amongst themselves but the poore Christians feele the smart thereof Last and eightly Doe unto others as thou wouldst be done unto thyselfe the performers of which have large Sophisticall promises ascribed them This new coyned doctrine was no sooner wrapt up in his execrable Alooran but he began to spit forth his abhominable and blasphenious heresies Affirming that Christ was not the sonne of the most high nor that Messias looked for denying also the Trinity with many other prophane blasphemies The worke concluded for the better advancement of his purpose he married the daughter of the chiefe Prince of his own tribe By which new affinity he not onely seduced his Father in law but also the whole linage of that family by whose acceptance and convertion he also consederated with other associates and waxed daily stronger Contending continually to divulgate his name aye more and more he assembled his new Alcoranist exhorting them to assist him in the besieging of Mecha which Citizens had in derision rebuked his law and absolutely disdained his Mahometicall illusions and promised to them in such a well deserving attempt both eternall felicity and the spoyles of these his contradictors perswasively assuring them that God would deliver all the gaine-sayers of his Alcoran into his hands By which allurements they being moved rose to the number of 3000 in Armes and menaced Mecha but the Citizens put him to flight and so was he thrice served till in the end he wonne their City wherein after his death he was intombed in an Iron Coffin Which betwene two Adamants hangeth to this day as I have been informed of sundry Turkes who saw it which confirmed in them a solid beliefe of his erronious doctrine But now of late the Turkes growing more circumspect then they were and understanding the derision of Christians concerning their hanging Tombe and because the Turkish Pilgrimes were often suffocated to death with a fabulous desert in going to Mecha they have transported Mahomets Tombe now to Medina which is a great deale nearer to Damascus and at the entry of Arabia foelix in a glorious Mosquee where the Tombe being close ground set and richly covered with a golden Cannopy they have inhibited that any Christian shall come neare to it by two courses to wiâ— twenty foure miles under the paine of death which indeed they keep more strictly in execution then Princely Proclamations are obeyed observed or regarded with us either for Regall Statutes or generall benefits of Common-wealth their continuance being but like the miracle of nine dayes wonder return again from whence they came frustrate of power and robbed of obedience From this time that he vanquished Mecha casting out the Greek Officers for then all Arabia was under the Constantinoplitan Empire the Sarazens began their computation of yeares as we from Christs Nativity which they call Hegira and begun about the yeare of our Redemption 617. Concerning which time that Mahomet compiled his devillish Alcoran beginning his Empire nigh about the sametime it is observed that Boniface the third begun his Empire and Antichristian Title for Phocas having killed the Emperour Mauritius his wife and children To secure himself of Italy ready to revolt from such a Tyrant made Boniface universall Bishop and Head of the Church This Boniface was the threescore and fourth Bishop and first Pope of Rome which was immediatly thereafter confirmed by Pippin the French King who also
of the reformed Order 〈◊〉 S. Francis for begetting fifteene young Noble Nunnes â—ith child and all within one yeare he being also their â—â—ther Confessor Whereat I sprung forward through 〈◊〉 throng and my friend followed me and came just to 〈◊〉 pillar as the halfe of his body and right arme fell flatâ—â—gs in the fire the Frier was forty sixe yeares old and had bin Confessor of thâ—t 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 yeares Most of thâ—se young Nunnes were Senators daughters and two of them were onely come in to learne vertue and yet fell in the midst of vice These fifteene with Child were all recald 〈…〉 their fathers Pallaces the Lady Prioresse and the rest of her 〈◊〉 crew were banished for ever from the precincts of Venice The Monastery was razed to the ground their Rents were allowed to be bestowed upon poore families and distressed age and their Church 〈◊〉 bee converted to an Hospitall Most part of all which M. 〈◊〉 and I saw before ever we either eate dranke or â—ooke our lodging in Venice And I cannot forget how after all this wee being in hungred and also 〈◊〉 tumbled in by chance All 〈…〉 the greatest 〈◊〉 in all Venice neere to which the Friars bones were 〈◊〉 burning And calling for a Chamber wee were nobly and richly served After dinner they laid up our budgets and our burthens and abroad went we to see the 〈◊〉 Night come wee sup'd and sup'd alone the 〈…〉 I begun to remarke the grandeur of the Inne and 〈◊〉 was time that we were gone I demanded our 〈◊〉 what was to pay hee answered Vn sâ—udo all 〈◊〉 par 〈◊〉 ripasto a Crowne the dyet for each of us being ten Iuleâ—s or five shillings 〈◊〉 Mr. Arthur looked uppon me and I laugh'd 〈…〉 a word our dinner 〈…〉 foure Crownes whereat my companion being discontented â—ad the Divell be in the Friars ballocks for wee had paid soundly for his Leachery many like deaths 〈…〉 causes and worser have I seene in all my three 〈◊〉 if time could permit me to 〈◊〉 them But from this thou mayst play the learned Geometrician till 〈◊〉 findest more and opportunity give thee occasion Cingitur urbs Venetum pelago ditissima nummis This Towne most rich to dare the Maine is shut In Neptunes bosome and sea-streeted cuâ— Venice is a Garden of riches and wordly pleasures the chiefe flowre of Common-weales and the perfect mirrâ—ur of civill and politicke Governement This sequestrat City is situate in the bosome of Neptune and divided from the world with a part of his maine body which invironeth the Iland The Common-weâ—lth of Venice containeth Marcha del Trevisa which lyeth in Lombardy containing these Cities Trevisa Padua Vincenza Verona Briscâ—a the second City for bignesse and beauty in all Lombardy Berâ—â—mo Chizza and Rovigno Friuli formerly called Foâ—â—m Iulij lyeth in the straight betweene the East end of the â—lpes and the sea Adriaticke in length fifty in breadth forty miles It hath beene often subject to the vicissitude of â—ortune The chiefe towne is Treista in the bottome of 〈◊〉 gulfe and Palma lately built by the Venetians 158â— â—eing the most impregnable and best fortified towne in â—â—aly Furili was a Dukedome founded by the Lombards 〈◊〉 the beginning of the Venetian Common-wealth Afterâ—ard Luitprandus one of the Dukes envying the encrease of the dominion of Venice made war against them which ended in the losse of his owne country The rest bee Istria a part of Dalmatia the Ilands of Candy Corfue Zante â—ephalonia Serigo Tino Valdi Campare Lesina and oâ—her of lesser note The Venetians howsoever of old they have bin great â—arriers they are now more desirous to keepe then inâ—arge their Dominions and that by presents and money rather than by the sword of true valour so that whatsoever they loose by battell it is observed they recover againe by treaties The Venetians are said to have discended of the Hennets in Asia lesser who assisting the Trojans and Troy being lost their King Pterilimene slaine they fled away with Antenor and ariving in this part of Italy seated themselves till the report of the Hunnes designe against Italy made them avoyding the storme before it fell to draw into these Ilands and Marishes where now it standeth It was first founded and begun Anno. 411. March 25. being distant from the maine land five miles and defended against the fury of the sea by the banke extending to fifty miles in length through which in eight places there is passage broken for small boates but no way for vessels of any burthen save at Malamucco and the Castle of Lio Yea and so dangerous that there is neither out-going nor in-comming without a Pylot which maketh the City unconquerable This City is seven miles in compasse and from so base an abject beginning it is growne as it were to bee the chiefe bulwarke of Europe The Duke of this Adriaticke Queene espouseth the sea every Ascension day by casting a golden ring into it Which stuâ—titious ceremony by Pope Alexander the third was granted when hee fled to Venice for succour being persecuted by Fredericke Barbarossa And the Venetians vanquishing Otho the Emperours sonne restored the Pope and for a reward was honoured with this espousall The length of the Territory of Venice in Lombardy lying along the foote and South side of the Alpes amounteth to sixe score five miles the breadth whereof in the planâ—re is narrow but stripeth larger among the hills and lakes and very populous The applauding Italian saith that Europe is the head of the World Italy the face of Europe and Venice the eye of Italy and indeed it is the strongest and most active part of that powerfull body Whereby it would appeare that in the last subversion of the latter Monarchy the Romane Genius made a Pythagoricall transmigration into Venicâ— whose peace hath procured the plenty and whose Warres the peace of Christendome The Lawes of this City permit not the younger sonnes of the best Gentry to marry least the number increasing should deminish the dignity yet neverthelesse they permit them unlawfull pleasures and for their sakes allow publicke stewes The Iewes here and in Rome weare red and yellow hats for notice sake to distinguish them from others which necessary custome would to God were enjoyned to all the Papists here in England so should we easily discerne them from the true Christians And finally to discourse upon the provision of their magnificent Arsenall Artillery Munition and Armor the devision of streetes with channels the innumerable bridges of stone and timber their accustomable kind of living apparrell curtesies and conventions and finally the glory of Gallants Galâ—eries Gallies Galleasses and Galliouns were a thing impossible for me briefly to relate Wherefore since the situation thereof and the decorements of their beautifull Palaces are so well knowne and their generall Customes by the better sort I desist concluding thus this incomparable mansion is the onely Paragon of all Cities in
of little wisedome and greater folly for a man to answer suddenly to every light question so it is as great a shame and stupiditie in man to keep silence when he should and may deservingly speake Wherefore damnifying the one and vilifying the other I come forth between both Pugno pro Patria to have a single bout with the ignorant malice of an imperious and abortive Geographer brought up in the Schools neer Tâ—ames and Westward Ho at Oxford who blindlings in an absurd description of the World hath produced many errors manifest untruths to the world And these amongst thousands moe which I justly can censure to be false namely he reporteth the Orcadians to be a cruell and barbarous people and that the most part of Scotland regarded neither King nor Law tearming us also to have monstrous backs against the execution of â—ustice and because saith he they resemble us somewhat in visage and speech the Scots are descended of the Saxons where when the blacke wings of the Eagle spread in the South they fled thither thinking rather to enjoy penurious liberty then rich fetters of gold Moreover that the scurvy Isle of Manne is so abundant in Oats Barley and Wheate that it supplyeth the defects of Scotland so venemous also is the Wormwood of his braine that hee impugneth Hector Boetius to have mentioned a rabble of Scottish Kings before Kenneth the first Monarch of all Scotland but were he fast rabled in a rope I think his presumptuous and impertinent phrase were wel recompensed Yea further hee dare to write that if the Mountains and unaccessable Woods had not been more true to the Scots then their own valour that Kingdome had long since been subdued Many other introductions flow from his shallow basebranded apprehension which I purposely omit To this his perverse malignity without partiall or particular construction I generally answere that for courteous penetrating lenity industrious tractability prompt and exquisite ingeniosity nobly taught vivacious vertuous Gentilitie humane and illustrious generosity inviolate and uncommixed nationall pedigree Learned Academicall and Ecclesiastick Clergy for sincere Religion and devout Pietie affable and benevolent Hospitalitie civill and zealous orders in spirituality so docible a people to Supream Regality and for true valour courage and magnanimity there is no Kingdome or Nation within the compasse of the whole universe can excell or compare with it Now what a selfe Losungeous fellow hath this fustian companion proved when the flat contrary of his abjured impositions is infallibly knowne to be of undoubted truth And how often hath Europe the seate of Christendome and Mistris of the World had the full experience in all her distressed corners of the valiant faithfull service and unresistable valour of the people of that never conquered Nation the testimonies are evident for my part I desist and wil not meddle to preamble through peremptory inferences on particular Kingdoms although I acquittingly can Howsoever a pertinacious Buffon dare and falsly will do it Each base fantastick brain dare forge new stiles And alter Regions Customes Towns and Isles Strip'd in a bravad he can joyn disioyn Contigâ—at Kingdomes distant lands in one First Broker-like he scrap's rags snips and bits Then plays the Ruffian shifting with his wits Last Serpent-like he casts a Winter skin And like a Strumpet boldly enters in This charling Ape with counterfeits and lies And blandements would feed the worlds wide eyes Thus like a stupid Asse this block-head Fool Must turn a Coxcombe studying in the School Would he be wise and exercise his brains Go travell first experience knowledge gains Dare he to write of Kingdoms that ne'r saw His fathers Oxe perhaps the plough to draw And scarce can tell even of the bread he eats How many frames it suffers toyle and sweats Nor ne're ten miles was travell'd from his cradle Yet fain would sit the fleer'd Pegasian saddle Whiles loytring in a Colledge thus he dare Sow lyes reap shame build Lottries in the aire Go doting Gull Go blot away thy name And let thy labours perish with thy fame This Isle of Mytelena is by the Turks called Sarcum lying without the mouth of the gulf of Smyrna and opposite to the Western coast of Phrygia minor where besides excellent Wine and Cornes there are two sorts of dregs made there which the Turks use to put in their pottage In Turkish the one is called Trachana the other Bouhort which the Romans anciently named Crimnon and Mazza Whence Loosing from Mytelene in the aforesaid Carmosal wee touched at Dalamede in the Isle Androsia the Northmost Isle of the Syclades toward Thessalia It is indifferent copious of all things necessary for humane life and round sixty miles The Athenians of old as Plutarch mentioneth sent hither Themistocles to demand tribute Themistocles told them he came to inflict some great imposition upon them being accompanied with two Goddesses the one was Eloquence to perswade them and the other Violence to enforce them Whereunto the Androsians replyed that on their side they had two Goddesses as strong the one whereof was Necessitie whereby they had it not and the other Impossibilitie whereby they could not part with that they never enjoyed This Aegean Sea or Mare Aegeum had its denomination from Aegeus the father of Theseus who misdoubting his sonnes returne from the Minotaure of Creet here leaped in and drowned himselfe The greatest part of these sixty nine Kings that Agamemnon tooke with him to the siege of Troy were onely Kings of these little Ilands By some they are divided into two parts Cyclades and Sporades the former containing fifty foure and the latter twelve Iles modernly they are all cognominate Archipylago or the Arch Ilands Hoysing sail from Dalamede we set over to Nigroponti being sixty miles distant and bearing up Eastward to double the South Cape wee straight discovered two Turkish Galleots pursuing us Whereupon with both sails and oars we sought into the bottom of a long creek on the West side of the Cape called Baio di piscatori whither also fled nine Fisher-boats for refuge The Galleots fearing to follow us in went to anchor at a rocky Isolet in the mouth of the Bay and then within night were resolved to assail us But night come and every night of six for there six days they expected us we made such Bonfires that so affrighted them being two miles from any Village they durst never adventure it Yet I being a stranger was exposed by the untoward Greeks to stand Centinell every night on the top of a high Promontory it being the dead time of a snowy and frosty Winter which did invite my Muse to bewail the tossing of my toilsome life my solitary wandring and the long distance of my native soil Carmina secessum scribentis otia quaerunt Me Mare me venti me fera jact at Hyems I Wander inexile As though my Pilgrimage Were sweet Comedian Scenes of love Vpon a golden Stage Ah I
from the old walls where when they entered they made a wonderfull massacre of poor afflicted Christians without sparing any of the Roman kinde either male or female In the mercilesse fury of these infernall Imps the Emperour Constantine was killed whose head being cut off was carried upon the point of a Lance through all the City and Campe of the Turkes to the great disgrace and ignominy of Christianity His Empresse Daughters and other Ladies after they were abused in their bodies were put to death in a most cruell and terrible manner By this overthrow of Constantinople this Mahomet took twelve Kingdoms and two hundred Cities from the Christians which is a lamentable losse of such an illustrious Empire Thus was that Imperiall Citie lost in the yeare 1453 May 29 when it had remained under the government of Christians 1198 yeares It is now the chief abode of the great Turk Sultan Achmet the fifteenth Grand Cham of the line of Ottoman who was then about twenty three years of age whose sonne Osman since and after his death was murdered by the Ianizaries being 14 years of age after his return to Constantinople from Podolia in Poland And in his place his Uncle Mustapha made Emperour whose weaknesse and unworthinesse being eft-soons discovered he was displaced and Amurath Osmans brother made Grand Signior who presently raigneth and not without great feare of his Ianizaries and Timariots who twice in three yeeres have lately made insurrection against him This Emperour Achmet who was alive when I was there was more given to Venery then Martiality which gave a greater advantage to the Persians in their defensive wars Concerning the Empire wee may observe some fatall contrarieties in one and the same name For Philip the Father of Alexander laid the first foundation of the Macedonian Monarchy and Philip the Father of Perseus ruined it So was this Town built by a Constantine the sonne of Helena a Gregory being Patriarch and was lost by a Constantine the sonne of a Helena a Gregory being also Patriarch The Turks have a Prophesie that as it was wonne by a Mahomet so it shall be lost by a Mahomet The form or situation of this Citie is like unto a Triangle the South part whereof and the East part are invironed with Hellespontus and Bosporus Thraicus and the North part adjoyning to the firme land It is in compasse about the walls esteemed to be 18 miles in one of these triangled points being the Southeast part and at the joyning of Bosphore and Hellespont standeth the Palace of the Great Turke called Seralia and the Forrest wherein he hunteth which is two miles in length The speciall object of Antiquitie I saw within this City was the incomparable Church of Saint Sophia whose ornaments and hallowed Vessels were innumerable in the time of Iustinian the Emperour who first builded it but now converted to a Mosque and consecrated to Mahomet after a diabolicall manner I saw also the famous Hyppodrome and the Theater whereon the people stood when the Emperours used to run their Horses and make their Princely shows on solemne dayes which is now altogether decaid There is a great Columne in that same place in the which all these things memorable that have bin done in this Hyppodrome are superficially carved Upon the West corner of the City there is a strong Fortresse fortified with seven great Towers and well furnished with Munition called by Turks Iadileke In this Prison are Bassawes and Subbassawes imprisoned and also great men of Christians if any offence be committed Their place of Exchange is called Bezastan wherein all sorts of commodities are to be sold as Sattins Silkes Velvets Cloth of Silver and Gold and the most exquisitely wrought Hand-kerchiefes that can be found in the world with infinite other commodities the relation of which would be tedious I have seene men and women as usually sold here in Markets as Horses and other beasts are with us The most part of which are Hungarians Transilvaniaus Carindians Istrians and Dalmatian Captives and of other places besides which they can overcome Whom if no compassionable Christian will buy or relieve then must they either turne Turke or be addicted to perpetuall slavery Here I remember of a charitable deed done for a sinfull end and thus it was A Ship of Marseilles called the great Dolphin lying here forty dayes at the Galata the Master Gunner named Monsieur Nerack and I falling in familiar acquaintance upon a time he told me secretly that he would gladly for Conscience and Merits sake redeeme some poore Christian slave from Turkish Captivity To the which I applauded his advice and told him the next Friday following I would assist him to so worthy an action Friday comes and he and I went for Constantinople where the Market of the slaves being ready we spent two houres in viewing and reviewing five hundred Males and Females At last I pointed him to have bought an old man or woman but his minde was contrary set shewing me that he would buy some virgin or young widdow to save their bodies unde floured with Infidels The price of a virgin was too deare for him being a hundred Duckets and widdows were farre under and at an easier rate When wee did visit and search them that wee were mindfull to buy they were strip'd stark naked before our eyes where the sweetest face the youngest age and whitest skin was in greatest value and request The Iews sold them for they had bought them from the Turkes At last we fell upon a Dalmatian widdow whose pitifull looks and sprinkling teares strook my soule almost to death for compassion whereupon I grew earnest for her reliefe and hee yielding to my advice shee is bought and delivered unto him the man being 60 yeares of age and her price 36 Duckets We leave the Market and came over again to Galata where hee and I tooke a Chamber for her and leaving them there the next morning I returned early suspecting greatly the dissembling devotion of the Gunner to be nought but luxurious lust and so it proved I knocked at the Chamber doore that hee had newly locked and taken the key with him to the ship for he had tarried with her all that night and she answering me with teares told mee all the manner of his usage wishing her selfe to be again in her former captivity whereupon I went a shipboord to him and in my griefe I swore that if hee abused her any more after that manner and not returned to her distresse her Christian liberty I would first make it knowne to his Master the Captaine of the Ship and then to the French Ambassadour for hee was mindfull also his lust being satisfied to have sold her over againe to some other At which threatning the old Pallyard became so fearfull that he entred in a reasonable condition with mee and the Ship departing thence sixe dayes there after he freely resigned to me her life her
had murdered his Master and Prince and lastly was ratified by Paleologus whose some Constantine about 14 yeares thereafter had his head stâ—uck off his Wife and Daughters put to cruell death his Empire quite subverted in the losse of twelve Kingdomes and 200 Cities being the just judgements of God upon the some for the fathers sake who assigned such an ambitious charge unto that perverst Papalitie After which predominant Titles and falsified power what long controversies and disputes were between the Pope and the Councels of Carthage Chalcedon Ephesus Alexandria and Nice This Papall prerogative begun with bloud and murder continueth in bloud and massacres and doubtlesse in the end shall perish and be confounded with bloud and abominable destruction And what great debate was of old by the Roman Emperours in abolishing out of their Churches the Images and Idols of Stone Iron and Timber c. that for ma ny hundred years they were not suffered to be seen And at the beginning of the Papality and a long time after the Emperours prohibit them and divers Popes have confirmed and approved the same Yet succeeding Popes and the Empire being divided in East and West introducted again the dregs of their old Heathenish and Roman Idolatry and yet they will not be content with the bare name of Images but they impose a sirname or epithite of sanctitie termimg them holy Images Truly I may say if it were not for these Images and superstitious Idolatries they assigne to them the Turks had long ago beene converted to the Christian Faith I have seen somtimes 2000 Turks travelling to Mecha in Pilgrimage which is in Arabia foelix where many in a superstitious devotion having seen the Tombe of Mahomet are never desirous to see the vanities of the World again For in a frantick piety they cause a Smith to pull forth their eys And these men are called afterward Hoggeis that is Holy-men whom the Turks much honour and regard and are always led about from Towne to Towne by mens hands and fed and regarded like unto Princes or like the Capuchins that scourge themselves on good Friday met and homaged at every passing street with prayers gifts and adorations Some write that Mahomet in his youth was a Souldier under the conduct of Heraclins who implâ—ying certâ—ine Arabians in an expedition to Persla not onely denied them their wages but told them that that was not to be given for Dogs which was provided for the Roman Souldiers Hence some mutinies arising in the Army he with certaine Arabians his Cuntry men by faction seperated themselves and revolted Whereupon Mahomet encouraging them in their defection was chosen their Captain and so for a certaine time they continued rebellious Runnagates Theeves and Robbers of all people The subtlety of this dissembler was admirable who knowing that he was destitute of heavenly gifts to work miracles feign'd that God sent him with the sword He also promised at the end of a thousand yeares to returne and bring them to Paradice but he hath falsified his promise for the time is expired fortie yares agoe And they imagining that he is either diseased or become lame in his journey have ascribed to him another thousand yeares to come But long may their wicked and faithlesse generation gape before he come untill such time that in a generall convocation they be partakers of his endlesse damnation in Hell unlesse it please the Lord in his mercy to convert them before that time Mahomet chiefly prohibiteth in his Alcoran the eating of Swines flesh and drinking of Wine which indeed the best sort do but the baser kind are daily drunkards Their common drinke is Sherpet composed of water Honey and Sugar which is exceeding delectable in the taste And the usuall courtesie they bestow on their friends who visit them is a Cup of Coffa made of a kind of seed called Coava and of a blackish colour which they drinke so hot as possible they can and it is good to expell the crudity of raw meates and hearbes so much by them frequented And that those cannot attain to this liquour must be contented with the cooling streames of water It is incident to Turkes which have not the generosity of mind to temper felicity to be glutted with the superfluous fruites of doubtfull prosperity Neither have they a patient resolution to withstand adversity nor hope to expect the better alteration of time But by an infused malice in their wicked spirits when they are any way calamited will with importunate compulsion cause the poor slavish subiected Christians surrender all they have the halfe or so forth somtimes with strokes menacings and somtimes death it selfe which plainly doth demonstrate their excessive cruelty and the poore Christians inevitable misery And yea being complained upon they are severely punished or else put to death for committing of such unallowed Ryots being expresly against the Imperiall Law of the Turke concerning the quietnesse and liberty of the Christians I have often heard Turkes brawle one with another most vilely but I never saw or heard that they either in private or publicke quarrels durst strike one another neither dare they for feare of severe punishment imposed to such quarrellers But they will injure and strike Christians who dare not say it is a misse or strike again It is a common thing with them to kill their seruants for a very small offence and when they have done throw them like Dogs in a Ditch And oftentimes if not so will lay them downe on their backes hoysing up their heeles bind their feete together and fasten them to a post and with a cudgell give them three or foure hundred blows on the soles of their feete whereupon peraduenture some ever go lame after Their servants are bought and sold like bruit beasts in Markets neither can these miserable drudges ever recover liberty except they buy themselves free either by one means or other Their wives are not far from the like servitude for the men by the Alcoran are admitted to marry as many women as they will or their ability can keep And if it shall happen that any one of these women I mean either Wife or Concubine proftituteth her selfe to an other man besides her Husband then may he by authority binde her hands and feet hang a stone about her neck and cast her into a River which by them is usually done in the night But when these Infidels please to abuse poore Christian women against their Husbands will they little regard the transgression of the Christian Law who as well defloure their Daughters as their Wives yet the devout Mahometans never meddle with them accounting themselves damned to copulate as they think with the off-spring of Dogs The Turks generally when they commit any copulation with Christians or their owne sexe they wash themselves in a South running Fountaine before the Sun rising thinking thereby to wash away their sins If a Turke should happen to kill another
being twelve hundred paces in Circuite allowing every square of the foure faces three hundred paces and every pace two foote and a halfe Every Pyramide having outwardly to ascend upon though now for the most part demolished three hundred fourescore and nine steps or degrees each degree being three foot high and two foote and a halfe broad By which computation they amount in heigh to the afore-said Relation allowing to every foote twelve inches At last having ascended upon the South side of this greatest Pyramide to the top and that with great difficulty because of the broken degrees here and there I was much ravished to see such a large foure squared plat-forme all of one intire stone which covered the head each square extending to seventeene foot of my measure It is yet a great marvaile to mee by what Engine they could bring it up so safe to such a height But as I conceive it they behoved certainely still to rayse it and take it with them as they advance the Worke otherwise the wit nor power of man could never have done it Truely the more I beheld this strange Worke the more I was stricken in admiration For before we ascended or came neare to this Pyramide the top of it seemed as sharpe as a poynted Dyamond but when we were mounted thereon we found it so large that in my opinion it would have contained a hundred men In the bottome whereof wee found a great Cell and within that through a straight and narrow passage a foure angled Roome wherein there was standing the Relicks of a huge and ancient Tombe where belike hee that was the first founder of this Pyramide was inclosed From the top of this Pyramide our Ianizary did shoote an Arrow in the ayre with all his force thinking thereby it should have falne to the ground but as wee discended downe-wards we found the Arrow lying upon the steps scarce halfe way to the ground From this wee came to the middle Pyramide which a far off looked some-what higher then the other two but when we came to the roote thereof we found it not so for the stone-work is a great deale lower but the advancement of the height is onely because of a high ground whereon it standeth It is of the same fashion of the first but hath no degrees to ascend upon neither hath the third Pyramide any at all being by antiquity of time all worn and demolished yet an admirable worke to behold such Masse and as it werre erected Mountaines all of fine Marble The reason why they were first founded is by many ancient Authors so diversly coniectured that I will not meddle therewith They were first called Pharaones Yet the first and greatest is said to have beene builded by Cheops who in this worke imploied 100000 men the space of twenty yeares In which time the charges of Garlicke rootes and Onions onely came to 1600 talents of silver the Basis whereof in circuit was sixty Acres of ground It is recorded by Iosephus and conjectured by many good witnesses that the Brickes which the Children of Israel were inforced to make where partly imployed about the insides of these Pyramides whose outsides were adorned with Marble neither can I forget the drift of that effeminate Cheops who in end wanting money did prostitute his daughter to all commers by which detestable meanes he finished his building and shee besides the money due unto her unnaturall Father desired for her selfe of every man that had the use of her body one stone of whom shee got so many that with them shee builded the second Pyramide almost equall to the first Besides these three huge ones there are a number of smaller whereof some were transported to Rome in the time of her supreame domination Betwene the biggest Pyramide and Nylus I saw a Colosse or head of an Idoll of a wonderfull greatnesse being all of one Marble stone erected on a round Rock it is of height not reckoning the Columne about 815 foote and of circuite 68. Plini gave it the name Sphingo and reported much more of the bignesse largenesse and length of it but howsoever he erred in his description yet I resolve my selfe it is of so great a quantity that the like thereof being one intire piece the world affordeth not and may be reckoned amongst the rarest Wonders Some say that anciently it was an Oracle the which so soone as the Sunne set would give an answere to the Aegyptians of any thing by them demanded In our way as we returned our Dragoman shewed us on the bank of Nylus where a Crocodile was killed the yeare before by the ingenious policie of a Venetian Merchant being licentiated by the Bassaw The match whereof for bignesse and length was never seene in that River whose body was twenty two foot long and in compasse of the shoulders eight foot who thus was slaine This beast for foure yeares together kept alwayes about one place of the River being seven miles above Cayre where for a mile of ground there was no tillage nor pastorage being for feare of him laid waste and neverthelesse he had devoured above forty sixe persons his custome was to come forth of the River every morning about our eight houres where here and there hee would lurke waiting for his prey till ten for longer from water he could not stay This Venetian leaving his ship at Alexandrea and comming to Cayre was informed by the Consull my adversary of the great spoil done by this beast and herewith generously hee undertooke to kill it the Vice gerent licentiating him Whereupon going to his ship fetched thence his Gunner and a peece of Ordonance to Cayre The next day in the afternoone hee being well horsed and accompanied with twenty Ianizaries the peece is carried to the Crocodiles accustomary place of forth-comming where straite there was an Asse slaine and hung upon two standing and a thwarting tree with his open belly to the flood and same twelve score paces therefro Behinde this carkasse about other twelve score the piece was planted and leveld at the Carrion being charged with cut iron and a traine of powder about the touch-hole and above it a night house to keepe the traine dry from the nights serene having a cock fastned thereto and in it a burning match to which a string was tyed Then forty paces behinde the piece was there a pit digged to hide the Gunner wherein he was put holding the strings end in his hand and his head vayled with a wooden cover After this and about midnight the Horse-men retired themselves two miles off The morning come and the convenient time the Crocodile courts the land where when he saw the carkasse came grumbling to it and setting his two formost feet on the Carrions middle begun to make good cheare of the intrales whereat the squink-eyed Gunner perceiving his time drew the string and giving fire off went the peece and shot the Crocodile in three parts well
me for my flight and threatning me with stroaks and consulted my Death Then I cryed to my Host for helpe but hee stood dumbe for hee was their Companion and to second their intention his wife made fast the lower door Whereat being mooved with deadly feare I pulled my Turkish gowne from my backe and opening my Sacket said Now Christian Gentlemen I know you are distressed and so am I come search my cloathes and Budget and if you find what you looke for let me dye Alas I am a poore stranger newly come from Ierusalem and the sepulcher of Jesus Christ and after long travailes and loe there is my Patent And concerning my flight I sweare I onely fled for the safety of my life but not for the preservation of my money for come see I have none my griefe is that I have it not for you Good gentlemen consider the dangers that I have past amongst Infidels and let not your Christian hands rob mee of my turmoyled life having nought wherefore you should were a lamentable thing to do This spoken and much more they never seatched me nor touched my Wallet but went to Counsell where they concluded vpon my forwardnesse in opening my body and other things to them that I had no money and therefore confirme my life which for the former respect and the Holy Graves sake was granted Whereupon packing up my Relicks againe they called for Wine and drunke divers times to mee and after a long spent conference their supper making ready they dismissed me for my bed Whither when led by my Hostesse I privily made the doore fast suspecting still a suddaine death Well they sup'd and were joviall at the first Cocke went forth to the woode and the high way for their owne ends All which time I stood Centinell and the morning come my Host confessed that onely hee had saved my life for swearing himselfe of their former sight but said he certainely they are Murderers Leaving him with dissembling thankes I arrived at Furges where I learned that my Host was suspected to bee a Cansort with these and many more Murderers well afterwards I heard hee was arraigned hanged and quartered the house razed and his wife put to death and ever since the French King kepeth a guard of Horse-men there to keepe that filthy and dangerous Wood free from Murderers For now may I say like to a ship that after a long Voyage is eyther in greatest danger or else cast away entring the Roade and Heaven from whence she came even so was I cast in the most eminent perill that I had in all my Travailes being on the Frontiers of France and as it were in regard of remoter places entring the Towne wherin I was born Having given humble thankes and lofty prayers to the Almighty for my deliverance I traversed Provance and Langadocke where neare to Montpiellier I met with the French gentlemans Father whom I relieved from the Gallies in Canea of Candy who being over-joyed with my sight kindly intreated mee for eight dayes and highly rewarded mee with Spanish Pistols lamenting for my sake that his sonne was at Paris whence continuing my Voyage to Barselona in Catelogna of Spaine I gave over my purpose in going to Madrile because of deare bedding and scarcity of Victuals and footing the nearest way through Arragon and Navarre I crossed at the passage of Sancto Iohanne the Pyrhenei mountaines And falling downe by Pau and the river Ortes I visited Gascony and Bearne and from them the Cities of Burdeaux and Rochell and arriving at Paris whence I first beganne my Voyage I also there ended my first painefull and Pedestriall Pilgrimage Whence shortly thereafter visiting Englands Court I humbly presented to King Iames and Queene Anne of everblessed memories and this present Maiesty King CHARLES certaine rare Gifts and notable Relickes brought from Iordan and Ierusalem Where afterward within a yeare upon some distaste I was exposed to my second Peregrination as followeth The end of the first Booke of my first Travailes The eighth Part c. Contayning the second Booke of my second Travails Patriam meam transire non possum omnium una est extra hanc nemo projici potest Non patria mihi interdicitur sed locus in quamcunque terram venio in mean venio nulla exilium est sed altera patria est Patria est ubicunque bene est Si enim sapiens est peregrinator si stultus exultat Senec. dere for LEt not surmises think ambition led My second toyls more flash flown praise to wed Nay there was reason and the cause is known For Courtly crosses seldome stay unshown Well I am sped through Belgia then I trace And footing Rhine to Geneve kept my pace Thence cross'd I Sinais Po and Lombard bounds The hils Appenine the Aetrurian rounds And nighting Rome Parthenope I past Even to Rhegio of Townes Calabriaes last When Sicilia I viewd and Aetna Mount And Malta too as I before was wont Then sight I Tunneis where old Carthage stood And Scipio shed streams of Numidian blood Hence Tremizen I trac'd the Barbars shoare To Algeir great Fez the Atlantick globe The Berdoans Country and the Lybin sands The Garolines parch'd bounds the Sabunck lands And diverse soiles of Savage Heathnick bounds Whose names and stiles this Affrick story sounds Last in this Lybian lists I' me forc'd to stay Whence I return'd for Tuuneis the next way And resting there till Aeoles seven rig'd Towres Prest Tritons backe crost Neptunes Paramours And wish'd me saile O then with speedy flight I boord the Ship and bad the Moores good-night TRue it is that these who make distinction cleerly and the certain knowledge of things divide all Sciences in Speculative and Practick And again Speculative in Physicke or Phylosophy naturall in Mathematicks and Metaphysick placing Medicine under the first Arithmetick Musick Geometry and Astrologie under the second Uniting thirdly Theologie to the which they give also to be adjoyned the right Canon As for the science Practicke it doth first imbrace the Morall that some divide in three to wit Ethicke that doth forme the manners of one man Secondly in Eccenomick that doth dispose the actions domesticke The third in Politicke that comprehend the actions Civill concerning the government of Common-wealths which containeth under if the whole science of right civility And with Practicke is also placed Dialecticke the art of memory the Grammar the Rheâ—orâ—cke to which also may be joyned the Art Poeticke and of â—â—llories But for their particular divisions I am not prolixious as inutile to my designe in hand diverse dedicate themselves to the knowledg of these sciences not knowing that they forget the most necessary to wit the science of the world This is it above al things that preferreth men to honors and the charges that make great houses and Reipublicks to flourish and render the actions and words of them who possesse it it agreeable both to great and small This
miles All which by ignorant Sea-men and ruvide Moores is termed Barbary who cannot distinguish parts nor provinces but even as the Orientall Turkes do that denominate all Asia minor under the name Carmania and know no further of their ancient not particular titles Now as concerning their Customes it is the fashion of all these Barbarian Moores in marrying of their wives that after the Bridegroome and the Bride are inrolled by their Totsecks or Priests in the Mosque before the Parents of each party and the Bride presently brought home to the house of her husband accompained with all their Friends Musicke and Reueling Hee immediately withdraweth her to a private Chamber having onely one old woman standing by them in a corner of the Roome where hee lying with the Bride and shee being found a Maide by a certaine cloath laid under her privy place which being by the old Hagge drawne out and found sprinkled with spots of blood shee presenteth it first to him as a token of virginity and then forthwith runneth through the house among all the friends of the new married couple crying with a loud voice and carrying the bloody napkin in her hand the Virgin-bride is broken up whereat they all rejoyce giving rewards and good chear to the Cryer But if the bride be not found a Mayd then hee returneth her backe unto her parents which they account as an immorâ—all shame and the nuptiall feast and all the assistants thereunto are suddenly dismissed But if a Virgin the banquet continueth all the first day with great cheare dancings revellings with Musicall Instruments of divers sorts The second night is onely the feast of women for both parties and the third banquet is made on the seventh day after the nuptiall the provision of which the father of the Bride sendeth to the house of his new sonne in law where after this banquet and the seventh day in the next morning the Bridegroome goeth then a broad from his house which hee doth not till the aforesaid time unto the market place where hee buyeth a number of fish to carry with him to his dwelling as a signe of good lucke it being an ancient custome through the most part of all the Northern Affrick The men and women at such meetings dance a part each of them having their owne Musicke and orders of meriment They have also a custome when that Infants beginne to breed teeth their Parents will make a solemne feast to all the Children of the towne with divers ceremonies which custome they reserve yet in diuers parts of Italy The women through all Barbary weare abundance of Bracelets on their armes and Rings in their eares but not through the nose and lips as the Aegyptians doe and turne also the nayles of their hands and feete to red accounting it a base thing to see a white naile The men here for the most part are the best Archers and Horse-men that are in Affrick and take great pleasure in breeding of their Barbes So are they both active and curragious and very desperate in all their attempts being all of the Mahometanicall Religion though more ignorant thereof than the Turkes some whereof are subject to the Turke some to the Emperour of Morocco and some to their owne barbarous Princes And now it was my fortune here in Algier after 12 dayes abode to meete with a French Lapidator Monsieur Chatteline borne in Aise du Provance who intending to visit Fez joyned company with me and we with certaine Merchants of Algier that were going thither being in all 30 passengers with two Ianizaries and a Dragoman Whence advancing our way some on Mules and some on foot with Asses carrying our baggage and provision we left the marine Townes of Saly and Tituana far to the West on our right hand and facing the in-land wee marched for three dayes through a fruitfull and populous soyle And although the people barbarous and disdainefull countenances were awfull yet we two went still free of tributes as not being a thing with them accustomary to execute exaction on Francks as the Turkes and Moores do in Asia neither understood they what wee were being clad with company and after their fashion save onely that nature had set a fairer stamp on my face than theirs which oft I wished had beene as blacke as their uglines In this misculat journeying of paine and pleasure we found every where strong Wines abundance of excellent bread and the best and greatest Hens bred on the earth with plenty of Figs Fruits Olives and delicious Oile yea and innumerable Villages the Houses whereof are all builded with mud and platformed on their tops and so are they in Asia and all Affrick over Upon the fourth day having past the Plains we entred in a Hilly Countrey yet pastorable where I beheld here and there clouds of Tents filled with maritine people that were fled hither from the Sea coast for the fresh and cooling aire And upon these pleasant and umbragious heights I saw the fields overclad with flocks of Sheep and Goats which Sheep are wondrous great having from their rumps and hips broad and thick tayls growing and hanging to the ground some whereof when sold will weigh 16 18 or 20 pounds weight and upwards Here among the Mountains our company knowing well the Countrey tooke a great advantage of the way and on the seventh day in the morning wee arrived at the great Towne of Fez where the French man and I were conducted by some of our company to a great Mobrish Inne or Tavern and there received we were as kindly and respectively used as ever I was in any part of the Turks Dominions being now out of them and in the Empire of Morocco This city of Fez is situate upon the bodies and twice double devalling faces of two Hils like to Grenada in Andelosia in Spain the intervale or low Valley betweene both through which the torrid River of Marraheba runneth Southward being the Centre and chiefest place is the most beautifull and populous part of the City the situation of which and of the whole is just set under the Tropick of Cancer Over which River and in this bottome there are three scoâ—e and seaven Bridges of stone and Timber each of them being a passage for open streetes on both sides The intervaile consisteth of two miles in length and halfe a mile broad wherein besides five Chereaffs or Market places there are great places magnificke Mosquees Colledges Hospitalls and a hundred Palatiat Taverns the worst whereof may lodge a Monarchicke trayne Most part of all which buildings are three and foure stories high adorned with large and open Windowes long Galleries spacious Chambers and flat Tectures or square platformes The streetes being covered above twixt these plaineset Fabricks have large Lights cut through the tectur'd tops every where in whose lower shops or roomes are infinite Merchandize and Ware of all sorts to bee sold. The people of both kinds are cloathed
thus they vary in the fleering conceit of sa sa sa sa sa far beyond the incâ—nstancie of all female inconstancies But to conclude this Epitome of France three things I wish Way-faring man to prevent there First the eating of Victuals and drinking of Wine without price making lest when hee hath done for the stridour of his teeth his charges be redoubled Next to choose his Lodging if it fall out in any way-standing Tavern far from palludiat Ditches lest the vehemency of chirking Frogs vexe the wished for Repose of his fatigated body and cast him in a vigilant perplexity And lastly unlesse early he would arise I never wish him to lye neere the fore-streetes of a Towne because of the disturbant clamours of the Peasant samboies or nayle woodden shoes whose noyse like an aequivox resembleth the clashing armour of Armies or the clangour of the Vlyssen-tumbling Horse to fatall Troy But now to my purpose leaving Paris behinde mee I arrived at Pau in Bearne This Province is a principality of it selfe anciently annexed to the Kingdom of Navarre lying between the higher Gascony of Guyan and the Pyrhenei Mountaines of Baske bordering with the North parts of Navarre Both of which belongeth to the French King except a little of Baske toward the Columbian Alpes and that the Spaniard commandeth Pau is the Justice seate of Bearne having a goodly Castle situate on an artificiall Rock and in this place was that Martiall Henry du Burbone la Quatriesme borne then King of Navarre Here be the finest Gardens in Christendome the Gardens of Pretolino 5 miles from Florence only excepted Yet for faire Arbors spacious over-siling walkes and incorporate Trees interchanging growths it surpasseth Pretolino but the other for the variety of fructiferous Trees rare and admirable ponds artificiall fountaines Diana and her Allablaster Nymphly-portrayed traine the counter-banding force of Aguadotti and the exquisite banqueting roome contrived among sounding unseen waters in forme of Gargantus body it much excelleth Pau. Hence I discended the River of Orthes to Baion and crossing the River Behobia which divideth France and Spaine I entred in Biscai Iune 29 1620. This is a Mountainous and invincible Countrey of which Victonia is the chiefe City being a barren and almost unprofitable Soile the speciall commodities whereof are Sheepe Wooll as soft as silk Goats and excellent good Iron cornes they have none or little at all neither wine but what is brought from Navarre in Pelagoes or swineskins carried on Mulets backs Leaving Biscai I entred Navarre and came to Pampelona its Metropolitan City Heere I founde the poorest Viceroy nomen sinere with the least meanes to maintaine him that ever the World affoorded such a stile Navarre is but a little Kingdome amounting in length with the South Pendicles of the high Perhenese to twenty three leagues that is between Porto di St. Ioanne in Baske and Grono upon the River Hebro dividing the old Castilia and Navarre In breadth it extendeth to seventeene Leagues that is between Varen in Biscai and Terrafranâ— in Arragon The soyle is indifferent fertile of Corns and Wines From thence I set Eastward to Syragusa the capitall Seat of Arragon Arragon hath Navarre to the West South Valents Kingdome East and South-East Catalogna and on the North the Alpes Pyrhenese It is an ancient and famous Kingdome under whose Jurisdiction were both the perty Kingdome of Valentia and Barselona And not long ago traduced to the Castilian King by marriage For although Castilia hath the language they have the lineall dissent of the Romans the inhabitants whereof being instinctively endued with all humane affabilities From thence returning from the old Castilia or Kingdome of Burgos in the way to St. Iago of Compostella in Galitia It was my fortune as St. Domingo to enter the Towne Church accompanied with two French Puppies mindfull to shew mee a miraculous matter Where when come I espied over my head opposit to the great altar two milke white Henns enraveled in an iron Cage on the inner side of the Porches Promontore And demanding why they were kept Or what they signified Certaine Spaniards replyed come along with us and you shall see the Storie and being brought to the Choro it was drawne thereon as followeth The father and the sonne two Burboneons of France going in Pilgrimage to St. Iames it was their lot to lodg here in an Inne Where supper ended and reckoning payed the Host perceiving their denariat charge hee entred their Chamber when they were a sleepe and in bed conveyiâ—g his owne purse in the young mans Budget On the morrow early the two innocent Pilgrims Footing the hard brusing way were quickly over hied by the Justice where the Host making search for his purse found it in the Sonnes bagge Whereupon instantly and in the same place hee was hanged and left hanging there seasing on their money by a sententiall forfeiture The sorrowfull Father notwithstanding continued his pilgrimage to Compostella where when come and devotion made our Lady of mount Serata appeared to him saying Thy Prayers are heard and thy groanes have pearced my heart arise and returne to Saint Domingo for thy Sonne liveth And hee accordingly returned found it so and the Sonne-hanged Monster after 30 dayes absence spoke thus from the Gallowes Father go to our Host and shew him I live then speedily returne By which direction the old man entred the Towne and finding the Host at Table in breaking up of two roasted Pullets told him and said My sonne liveth come and see To which the smiling Host replyed he is as surely alive on the Gallows as these two pullets be alive in the dish At which protestation the two fire-scorched fowles leapt out suddenly alive with heads wings feathers and feete and cakling took flight thrice about the Table The which amazing sight made the astonished Host to confesse his guiltines and the other relieved from the rope he was hung up in his place allotting his house for an Hospitality to Pilgrimes for ever There are still two Henns reserved here in memory of this miracle and are changed as they grow fat for the Priests chops being freely given to the place And I dare swearing say these Priests eate fatter Henns than Don Philippo himselfe they being fed by the peoples devotion at their enterance to the morning and evening sacrifices and are tearmed holy Henns Infinite paper could I blot with relating the like absurdities and miraculous lies of the Roman Church but leaving them till a fitter occasion I proceed From thence traversing a great part of the higher Asturia I entred in Galitia and found the Country so barren the people so poore and victuals so scarce that this impoitunate inforcement withdrew me from S. Iacques to Portugale Where I found little better or lesser reliefe their soyles being absolute sterile desartuous and mountainous Portugale was formerly called Lusitania and Hispania ulteriora It is in length 320 miles large 68