takyng high indignacioÌ„ at the mater held his peace as a maÌ„ destitute forsakeÌ„ of his auditorie Then saied Diogenes loe one poore halfpenie mater hath clene dashed all this earnest and soleÌ„ne talke of Anaximenes Signifiyng that all his bableyng was of light and friuelous maters whiche made not the audience veraye attente or willyng to geue eare vnto hym Certain persones obiectyng vnto hym as a poincte against all good nourture that he would goo maunchyng and eatyng euen in the open strete Why Diogenes woulde eate as he weÌ„t in the open strete what meruaill ê™ he houÌ„gre cometh on me in the strete He made a reason of that the logicians callen relatiuè opposita Relatiuè opposita or relatiues in logike are two thynges so connexed and mutually dependyng the one of the other that thesame doe euâ—rmore eitâ—er the other ymporte notifie as to beeyng a father belongeth hauyng a childe and to beeyng a soonne or doughter belongeth hauyng a father And sembleably of houÌ„gre â—aâ—yng If houngre wer not hasty on a manne in the open strete it myght percase bee a mater of â—hame to eate in the opeÌ„â—trete But by the selfsame coulour he might haue defended hymself if he did his easemente orels made water in the open strete There bee writers that dooe father this also vpon Diogenes How Diogenes taunted Plato secretely reprouyng hym for his course fare Plato happyly fyndyng hym washyng a sorte of salade herbes saied vnto hym roundyng in his eare If thou wouldest haue been rewled by Dionysius iwys thou shouldest not after this maner washe these herbes Diogenes rouÌ„ded Plato in the eare again saiyng iwys If thou wouldest haue washed herbes for thyne own dyner thou shouldest not in this maner haue been a Ihon hold mystaf to Dionysius Afore in the first saiyng of Aristippus But this appereth to bee a tale forged after the likenesse or exaumple of the saiyng afore reported on Aristippus As thissame in like maner whiche I will putte now nexte of all To one saiyng â—â—ogenes noâ—â—yng passed on theim that had hym in derision many a manne hath the in derision o Diogenes and theim perauenture many an asse ê™ he again The other feloe saiyng moreouer and thus replyyng yea but thei care nothyng for the asses he aunswered and I asmuche and not a iote more for theim that ye speake of He attributed vnto asses the propretee of mockyng or skornyng because thei dooe euery other whyle by shewyng their teeth bare as ye would saye countrefeacte grennyng and makyng mowes with their lyppes And besides that when menne dooe mocke any bodye thei wagge their handes vp and down by their eares at the sydes of their hedde and dooe coutrefeacte the facion of an asses eares So then the asse also appereth by waggyng his eares vp and down to mocke and skorne folkes yet is there no body therwith displeased or greued Seeyng a young striepleyng to applye the studie of philosophie well dooen ê™ he the harkeners of carnall beautie thou callest awaye to the beautie and goodlynesse of the mynde and solle Menyng that the partie in that he laboured to garnyshe adourne his mynde with vertues or good qualitees Who laboureth to adourne â—he mynde with good qualitees and honeste disciplinâ—s shal bee assured of muche yâ— better frendes with honest disciplines should fynally atteigne to bee assured of better freÌ„des by a great waye For there is nothyng more goodly or beautyful then sapience nothyng then vertue more amiable The custome vsage of menne in olde tyme was suche persones as had been saued from greate perilles or mysauentures to hang vp in the temples Donaries that is to saye giftes presentes or oblacions as agnisyng to bee the onely benefyte of the Goddes that thei had been preserued and saued harmelesse Therfore wheÌ„ to Diogenes hauyng taken a iourney into the countree of * Samos is an Isle in the sea called Mare Aegeum adiacente marchyng â— bordreyng vpon the countree of Thracia whiche afterward by reason of the commirtioÌ„ of bothe peoples was named Samothracia as witnesseth Uergilius saiyng Threiciam quae Samum quae nunâ— Samothraciâ— fertur This Isle was consecraâ—e to Iunâ— who wâ—s in thesame Isle born breden and brought vp and finally mareyed to Iupiter There was also another Isle in thesame sea of thesame name foreayenst Ephesus Samothracia wer shewed the iewelles or oblacions that soondrie persones hauyng been from perishyng in battaill from dyyng by sickenesse froÌ„ beeyng drouned and lost on the sea or from any other greate hasarde preserued had offreed vp yea ê™ Diogenes but these would bee a muche greater noumbre if all those persones whiche in like case haue not been saued had offreed vp suche gyftes as these He mened myne opinion is those persones that wer saued from mysauentures to bee saued by veraye chaunce and not by the benefyte or grace of yâ— Goddes Diogenes supposed menne to bee saued from mysauetures by mere chaunce noâ— by the grace or gifte of god That in case it bee to bee ymputed to the Goddes if a maÌ„ne bee preserued to thesame is it also to bee imputed that mo in noumbre dooe peryshe then are escaped There been writers that dooen attribute this present saiyng to Diagoras Melius Diagoras a philosophier surnamed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that isâ— a mysâ—reaunt not beleuyng that there wer any goddes ne the same to bee of any power a myscreaunte and a wieked despyser of the Goddes And as for the Samothracians wer sore blynded and infected with greate supersâ—icion in suche maner thynges To a welfauoured youÌ„g spryngall gooyng on his waye towardes a feaste or banquette he saied Thou wylte come home againe wurse manne then thou gooest foorth So when thesame young manne returnyng homewarde again from the banquette had saied to Diogenes I haue been at the feaste and yet am returned nothyng the wurse manne therfore Yes ê™ Diogenes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so muche the wurse euen for that worde Notifiyng to bee vnpossible but that suche a young strepleyng must remedyâ—esse froÌ„ excessiue vnsobre reuellyng A youÌ„g maÌ„ne from excessiue reuellyng returneth wurse manne theÌ„ he went thither come home lesse honest then he went thither And that he had of the pottes and cuppes taken suche stomacke and ympudencie as without ferther prouocacion to chatte and choppelogike with an auncyeÌ„te philosophier was a manifeste argumente and an euident declaracion that his condicions wer rather appaired then emended besides that it was a token of small grace to bee so blynded in folye that he would not see ne knowlage his faulte Diogenes asked of one Euritius some greate thyng whatsoeuer it was when thesame as is the guyse saâ—ed naye to his requeste with these woordes I wyll dooe it if thou canst persuade me therunto If I wer hable ê™ Diogenes to persuade the to dooe al thynges after myne aduise I had long ere this daye geuen the
any citezen of Athenes shuld come vnder my haÌ„des to be scourged with whippes Signifiyng to bee a thyng of their owne voluntarie dooyng and of theyr owne haÌ„die workyng that he myght lawfully scourge or beate with whippes one citezen of Athenes In olde tyme it was leefull for the maisters to beate their bonde seruauÌ„tes wtâ—oddes or to scourge them with whippes at their owne pleasures and as often and as muche as theim luâ—ted beeyng remaynyng still his bondeman but yet in the citee of Athenes many moo then one to had well deserued to bee whipped of the kyng for that asmuche as in theim laie thei releassed and made free another mannes bondseruaunte A certain young strieplyng beyng a disciple or scholare of Anaximenes the rhetorician pronounced in the presence of Antigonus an oracion deuised and made by his maister not without great studie and the young thyng taught afore for the nones and purposely brought in to pronouÌ„ce it as though the oracion had been of his owne makynge and that iâ— myght none otherwyse appere vnto the kynge And so when Antigonus in the middes of geuyng audience vnto the proposicion beeing desirous to be certified and to haue knowelage of whatsoeuer it was asked a question and the young man foorthwith had soodainly stopped in his mater nothable to ê“cede in it nor hauing a woord more to saie why howe saiest thou ê™ the kyng was not this also drawen copied out for the afore in a booke That this kyng iudged contrarie to all reason and reprocheable in one that was in maner but euen a veraye chylde the same nowe at thys daye is accoumpted an high pointe royall thing that is eueÌ„ graund sequiours hauing to saie before kynges and princes to counne by herte and to rendre again after the maner of an oracion or sermon Bosome sermons oracions of an other manneâ— makyng hauyng been in makyng a whole halfe yere together with sore labour studie by some rhetorician or learned manne hiered therunto And many times it chaunceth that suche persones yea euen no bodye at all breakyng their tale forgetten theimselfes fallen clene out of their mater and maken all the presence to laughe at theim Hearyng one other rhetoritian rolling in his peinted termes and tellyng his tale after this curious sorte Atigonê° was muche offenâ—ded with a thetoriciaÌ„ vsyng ouâ—r â—urious ynkehorne termes in telling his tale 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is the snow castyng season nowe comynge in place hath made this climate vtterly desolate of herbage or hathe brought this climate to clene dissherbageing why ê™ he wilt thou not surceasse to deale with me in thy termes as thou dooest with the simple innocentes of yâ— comen people The kynge was muche offended and displeased with the ouer exquisite manier of tellyng his tale with the whiche maner curious filed termes the rhetoriciaÌ„s vsen to sette out their peinted sheathe emonge the vnexperte or ignoraunte multitude of the people But the same to dooe before a kyng was an abusyng of the princes pacience In stede of these wordes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the snowecasting season he might haue saied the wynter season And these woordes A clime is a reâ—ioÌ„ or coste of a couÌ„tree 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is hath brought this climate to clene disâ—herbageing smellen all of the ynkehorne and may scacely bee wel licenced vnto a poete muche lesse to an oratour Unto Thrasillus a Cynique askynge of him in the waye of a rewarde a grote or six pence Howe Antigonus defeacted a Cynike philosophier askyng a reward of him that is no rewarde for a kyng to geue ê™ he The Cynique eftsons replyyng well then geue me a talente Nay ê™ he that is no meete rewarde for a Cynique to receiue Of the valour of a drachme and a talente it is noted afore in the secouÌ„de saiyng of Aristippus and .xlii. leafe So on both sydes he defeated and disapointed the ymportunitee or saucynesse of the crauer that would not be aunswered whom he demed not worthie to haue any good dooen hym When he sent his soonne Demetrius ☞ Where it is afore noted that Antigonus had twoo soonnes and named the one by his brothers name Demetrius and the other by his fathers name Philippe Plutarchus saieth that suche was the fame and bruite that went of hym Albeeit saieth Plutarchus in the life of this Demetrius many chronicleers haue left in writyng that this Demetrius was not the soonne of Antigonus but his brothers soonnes soonne For the father of Demetrius beeyng deceassed and his mother beeyng marryed vnto Antigonus Demetrius beeyng a veraye young infante was beleued to bee the soonne of Antigonus muche the more because that Philippe beeyng twoo or three yeares younger of age then Demetrius dyed and Demetrius was by Antigonus made his heire apparaunte to succede hym in his croune and empier with a great nauie with a greate puissauÌ„ce of soldyers for to deliuer the Grekes Howe Antigonus exhorted his sooÌ„ne Demetrius when he sent hym foorthe with an armie to deliuer Grece and to sette theim free from all yookes of homage or forren subieccioÌ„ he saied that glorie and renoume was like a beaken enkendleed or sette on fyer from grece as from a mountain with an high toppe to extend spred lighte ouer all the whole vniuersall worlde Prickyng foorthwarde yâ— young manne with desire of glorie to make hym dooe the parte of a valiaunte knight forasmuche as by so dooyng yâ— bruite of that same his high praise and commendacion was not to be hidden or pended within the limites precintes of grece but rather to renne abrode throughout all costes and parties of the worlde by reason of the greate fame and name that Grece had euery where allreadie The poete Antagoras he fouÌ„d on a tyme in his tente sethyng a coungre and buisilie stieryng the panne with his owne handes standyng eueÌ„ herd at his polle behynd hym he saied dooest thou suppose o Antagoras that Homere The familiare iestyng betwene the kyng Antigonus the poete Antagoras when he wrote the actes of Agamennon * Agamemnon the kyng of Mycena and of all the Argiues the soonne of Atreus and the brother of Menelaus kyng of Lacedaemon for whose wife Helene all the kynges of Grece made warre against Troie And Agamemnon was the hedde chief kyng of theim all But at his returne froÌ„ Troie he was slain by his owne wife Clytemnestra by the helpe of Aegyptus who kepte hir by adulterie because he had as ClyteÌ„nestra supposed slain Iphigenia his doughter and hirs in sacrifice vnto Diana at the porte of Aulis when the Grekes should take their viage towardes Troie did sethe couÌ„gres as thou doest nowe To this saied Antagoras again And thou sir kyng dooest thou suppose that Agamemnon in the time of dooyng those noble actes made suche curious serchyng as thou dooest if any bodye in the hoste sodde any coungres The kyng
Themistocles rather then Pericles seeyng that the cases of Themistocles Pompeius wer nothyng like at all and the cases of Pericles Pompeius muche what of a rate in all behalfes For Themistocles fledde vnto the Persians Pericles remained still resyaunt in Athenes WheÌ„ he was come to Pompeius and repented his foly of comyng beeyng asked the question where he had left Piso his soonne in lawe What Cicero saied to Pompeiê° demaundyng where he had left Piso his sonne in lawe mary ê™ he with your father in lawe Speakyng by Iulyus Caesar. Cicero euen like as though he had had halfe a rubuke for that he had separated and deuided hymself from Piso who had marryed his doughter Piso marryed yâ— doughter of Cicero tooke part with Caesar. PoÌ„peiê° had marryed yâ— doughter of Caesar yet warred against hym gaue Pompeius again taunte pour tauÌ„te for that yesame kept warre against his owne father in lawe whose doughter he had marryed WheÌ„ a certain persone hauyng renne awaye from Caesar to Pompeius saied that for greate desire to make haste he had left his horse behynd hym in Caesars campe marie ê™ Cicero theÌ„ hast thou dooen better by thy horse then by thy self Estemyng that the feloe should haue dooen muche better if hymself had taryed still with Cesar too To a feloe bryngyng tydynges that Caesars frendes wer all sadde and in their dumpes Plutarchus saieth that one Lentulê° tolâ— these newes That is eueÌ„ as muche ê™ Cicero as to saie that thei thynk a mischief on hym He mocked the flateryng brynger of newes as though Caesars mennes hertes wer in their heles and thei sore afeard of Pompeius After the battaill foughten in Pharsalia when Pompeius was fledde one Nonius saied Of this battaill is aboue meÌ„cioned in the saiynges of Caâ—sar and Pompeius that there wer seuen eagles yet left therefore encouraged the souldyours to bee of good chere and to take their hertes to theim Thy cheeryng wer veray good O Nonius What Cicero saied wheÌ„ one Nonius would with seuen â—egles crye a newe feld aâ—ainst Caesar at Phatsalium saied Cicero if our warre should bee against Iaies But Nonius wheÌ„ he saied eagles spakâ— of yeâ—omaines baners or staÌ„dardes which had euermore the picture of an eagle displaied on theim The menyng of Cicero was that for their seuen eagles Caesar who had alreadie vanquyshed theim and aâ—ainsâ— whem thei had to fight the nâ—we felde had tenne and that he had in his armie no dastardes but experte souldyours yea better menne of their handes then Pompeius had any In deede a iaie is nothyng in the talauntes of an eagle but an eagle to an eagle is a full matche tenne eagles to seueÌ„ is an ouermatche WheÌ„ Caesar beeyng lorde of all had with muche honour sette vp in their places again What Cicero saied wheÌ„ Caesar sette vp again the images of Pompeiê° in their places the images of Pompeius whiche some bodye had in despight cast down Cicero saied Caesar whyle he restoreth the images of Pompeius to their olde places dooeth sette vp and stablyshe his owne sure for euer Dooyng to weete that Caesar did not thesame for any fauour that his herte did beare toward Pompeius but to the ende that by the coulourable sembleauÌ„ce of mercifulnesse hymself might purchace fauour emong the citezens and by suche meanes might establyshe his owne reigne and dominacion yâ— longer to endure So carefull was Marcus Tullius to tell his tale after a good perfecte sorte and would bestowe so thoughtful study on such a matier that no woord might bee placed out of square The carefulnesse of Marcus Tulliê° â— studie that no woorde in his oracioÌ„ might bee amysse or out of frame that where he had an oracioÌ„ to make before the benche of iudges whiche wer called ‡ The people of Roome wer diuided into thirtie fiue tribes aâ— the citee of London is into twentie fiue wardes Out of euery tribe wer elected froÌ„ tyme to tyme as cause required three men to assemble for iudgeyng in sprciall cases of controuersie betwene partie and partie Their iudgemeÌ„tes and sittynges wer called centumuiralia iudicia the iudgementes of the hundred persones And the benche self though thei wer an hundred and fiue persones in all yet wer thei of the greater and the more woorthie noâ—mbre called centumuiri and not centum quinque uiri Centumuiri and the daie was come euen at hande he made free one Erote a bondeman of his for onely bryngyng hym tydynges that the sittyng was adiourned and putte of one daie ferther theÌ„ had been appoincted at the first Eros a bondeman of Cicero vpoÌ„ what cause he was made free This historie also hath some bodye putte in emoÌ„ges the apophthegmes wheras in deede it is none And yet as I haue afore noted any facte or exaumple that maye bee to vs anhoneste lesson or instruccion thouh it contein no woorde at all maye woorthely bee estemed to haue the strength name and place of anâ— apophthegme And suche good exaumpleâ— dooeth not Plutarchus refuse ne abhorre to putte in emong his apophthegmes as namely this presente historie of Cicero his facion And would Christe our grene prechers now of daieâ— whiche haue neither shame ne feare to steppe in to pulpites ere thei can well construe the gospelâ— or epistle whiche thei boldely take vpon theiâ— to preache wer of Cicero his modestie and careâ—fulnesse in this behalf At his arriuall into the campe of Pompeius vnto suche as saied ah Cicero ye are come tardie No neuer a whitte tardie ê™ he again for I see nothyng here yet in a readynesse He alluded to suche as come late to a dyner or supper The myrth of the saiyng to come tardie is grounded vpon the â—ouble menyng of the woorde tardie for thei come tardie that come late to the begynnyng and thei come tardie that come when all is past and dooen When Pompeius had admitted a certain galle free citezeÌ„ of Roome How Cicero taunted PoÌ„peius for makyng a Galle free citezen of Roome because yesame had forsaken Caesar for to come to bee on his syde A gaye feloe in deede ê™ Cicero to promise aliens the citee of other menne wheras he is not hable to restore vnto vs our propre owne After the victorie and conqueste of Caesar Cicero beeyng asked the questioÌ„ How Cicero was beguiled to leaue Caesar and cleuâ— to PoÌ„peius how he had so ferre missed the cushyn in chosyng of partes saied In feith the gyrdyng of their gounes deceiued me Caesar went in his goune wantoÌ„ly girâ— about hym Menyng hymself neuer to had trusted that the victorie would haue gon on suche a nyce effeminate persones syde With what wordes Sylla would ofteÌ„ tymes warnâ— Pompeiê° to beware of Caesar. For Caesar vsed to goo after suche sorte girded in his goune that he would goo euen as wanton or volupteous feloes dooen traillyng after hym the skyrtes of his goune
vnto Socrates for to examyn trye his towardenesse and the tutour that had been the brynger vp of thesame froÌ„ his childhood had saied in this wise the father of this ladde hath sent hym vnto you Socrates that ye should haue a sight of hym by and by saied Socrates to the child speake some what then good soonne that I maye see the. Signifiyng that the disposicion of a maÌ„ne dooeth not shewe so clere in his face or visage as in his talkyng A maÌ„nes talkyng dooeth more clerelye shewe his condicions then doeth his face for this is the moste sure true glasse of the herte and mynde and fewest tymes liyng He saied that the woman kynde if thesame bee diligently enstructed taught is no lesse apte then meÌ„ne are The woman sexe is no lesse apte to learne al maner thynges then men are to take aswell allmaner disciplines or facultees of learnyng as also allmaner vertues morall yea eueÌ„ fortitude hardinesse whiche as though it should proprely appertin onely to menne not to women is called by the greke vocable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in englisshe manhood Manhood or mannely hardynesse This did he gather by the sight of a maiden that was a dauncer a tumbleer who beeyng brought in where coumpaignie sate at a table did with woondreous sleight and conueighaunce cast vp and receiue again one after another twelf trendles or rowndelles the space of the heigth and the measures of footyng the daunce soo tempreed and proporcioned that she neuer myssed And thesame maiden where the lookers on quaked trembled for feare daunced without any feare at all emong sweardes and kniues beeyng as sharâ— as any thyng As Socrates beyng biddeÌ„ to a supper by one Agatho was gooyng with tricke voided shooes on his feeâ—eâ— Agatho was a young gentlemannne of Athenes of excellente beautie fauour and perfumed wyth sweete sauours and that contrarie to his accustomed vsage when he was asked of a frend of his that mette hym on the waye why he was more nette and piked at that season theÌ„ he had vsed to bee aforetymes he saied meryly in this wise that to suche a mynion feloe as Agatho is I maye goe trymme nette wel beseen Where in deede there was no manne aliue that had lesse mynde or phansie to suche thynges Thesame daye that Socrates should drynke the poison when he after the strykyng of of his shacles or fettres had feled greate pleasure of clawyng where it itched he saied to his frendes how woondrefully is it of nature ordeined that these twoo thinges dooe by course foloe either other pleasure greef Pleasure and pein by course folowen either other for excepte peine greef had preceded or gone afore I should not now haue feeled this pleasure Of the vnder gailloure deliueryng vnto hym yâ— iuice of hemlocke in a cuppe The poison that Socrates should dye of he called a medicine he demaunded how that medeicine was to bee taken forasmuche as the same officer was well practised and could good skille in that science Alludyng to the sicke folkes Alludyng to yâ— sicke folkes that is vsyng suche wordes termes as if the gaillour had beeÌ„ a phisician and he a sicke manne and the gaillours pacieÌ„te who dooe learne of the phisiciaÌ„s when and how it is best to receiue a medicinable drynke that thei haue made And when the seruannte had aunswered that he must vp with it all at a draught if he could and that after it he must walke vp and down so long vntil he feled suche weakenesse and feblenesse that he should drawe his legges after hym that after this he must lye hym down in his bedde vpright vpon his backe then yâ— drynke would wercke his woonte effecte Socrates enquiered whether he might not leefully poure out some parte therof in the waye of sacrificyng takyng assaye to the Goddes because in merie dyners suppers banquettes it was the guise and facion a litle quantitee of the wyne poured out to sacrifice thesame in the waye of assaye to some God by name which was called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In feastes dynners the guise was to powre out a lytle of the drynke in the waye of sacrifice takyng assay to some one of the goddes and in latin Libare The officer auÌ„swered yâ— he had tempreed so muche and no more as was requisite for the purpose menyng by those woordes that ther was none therof spare to bee poured out TheÌ„ saied Socrates well yet is it bothe leefull and alsoo requisite to beseche the Goddes that this my passyng out of this worlde maye bee happie and fortunateâ— When the vnder officier of the preson had vncouered hym laied hym naked because he was now alreadie cold at the herte And should therupoÌ„ dye ymmediately Crito ê™ Socrates we bee now endebted to yâ— God Aesculapius of a cocke Aesculapius the soonne of Appollo the first inueÌ„tour and practiser of Physicke Whom for the science the antiquitee honored as a God and suche as recouered froÌ„ any discease dyd sacrifice vnto Aesculapius a liue cocke But the poetes dooe fable that he was slain with lightenyng of Iuppiter because he had wyth his cunnyng of Physike restored Hippolytus again to life whiche duely to paye in no wise bee ye negligente Euen as though he had vpon the takyng of a medicinable drynke perfectely recoured again all his helthe For ‡ Crito was an honest citezen in Athenes and a true frende vnto Socrates and the other as good and as louynge a frende again to hym in all pointes of mutuall familyarytee Crito had afore dooen all that euer he might possible dooe that Socrates should make meanes to saue his life And in Socrates there was so rooted a certain veine of honest merynes eueÌ„ naturally geueÌ„ hym in his cradle that he could iest and speake meryly euen at the houre of death for these are reported to haue been the last woordes that euer he spake He taught that the beautie of the myndes is muche more to bee fauored then of the bodyes The beautee of myndes is more to bee loued then the beautee of the bodyes and that thesame pleasure whiche a welfauored face when it is looked on dooeth engendre in vs is to bee translated and remoued to the beautie of the mynde ferre excedyng the other in fairenesse albeeit liyng hyden from the bodyly yie But to haue a sight therof philosophical yies to bee requisite and necessarie He noted the greke vocable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to bee of significacion indiffereÌ„te to kissyng or louyng of whiche twoo thynges the former perteineth to theim that dooe carnally loue the bodye the other tâ— suche as dooe verteously loue the mynd Unto Crito after a veray earnest facion counsaillyng and auisyng hym that if he for his own parte passed not on his life yet at lest wyse he should preserue
wylde beastes dooe vnto me beeyng voide of all sense and feelyng When Plato gaue a greate laude and praise to a certain person for this poynte behalf Ouermuche humanitee in a philosopier Diogenes râ—proued that he was excedyng gentle and courteous towardes all folkes What laude or thanke is he woorthie saied Diogenes that hauyng been so many yeres a studente contynually occupied in philosophie hath yet hitherto geuen no bodye a corrosif Menyng to bee the propre office of a philosophier The propre office of a philosophiâ—r is to cure the vices of menne to cure the eiuill condicions or vices of menne and to bee vtterly ympossible thesame to take effecte but by the onely meanes of feare of greef feare of reproche and greef of the open shame and slaundre preseÌ„te Thesame Diogenes yiyng a certain feloe of a straunge countree in the citee of Lacedaemon curiously trymmyng and deckyng hymself against the solemnitee of an high feastefull daye saied What dooest thou is not euery daye without excepcion high holy to an honest manne To a vertuous well disposed persone euery daye is high and holy He mened all this vniueruersall world to bee a temple for God conueniente All this vniuersall worlde is the temple of god in the whiche manne beeyng constitute and sette ought of his bounden duetie to behaue hymself and to liue perpetually after an honest sorte as in the sight and face of the deitee who presently beholdeth all thynges God psentely beholdeth all thynges from whose yie nothyng is or maye bee hidden And to this mater he wrested the prouerbe â—n whiche it is saied that with the slouthfull and idle lubbers that loue not to dooe any werke euery daye is holydaye With idle ê‘sones it is euermore holydaye It was his coÌ„men saiyng vnto young striepleynges beeyng towardes mannes state Syrrha go into the houses of harlottes What goodnesse maye bee gotten by the consideracion of harlottes facions that thou mayest throughly see what vile and filthie thynges how derely thei are bought To this mater alluded Terence saiyng all this geare to knowe is helth and safegarde vnto youth Unto the helthe and safegarde of a manne Unto the safegarde of meÌ„ne it is nedefull to haue either feithfull frendes orels eagre enemies he saied that it was nedefull to haue either feithfull frendes orels eagre enemies In consideracion that the one geuen a bodye gentle warnyng of his faulte and the others doen openly reproue and checke So bothe parteis in deede after contrarie sortes but yet egually dooeÌ„ to vs benefite and profite whyle by thesame wee learne our faultes This saiyng dooeth Laertius appoynte to Antisthenes and Plutarchus to Diogenes Beeyng asked by a certain persone by what meanes a bodye might best be auenged of his enemie How one maye best bee auenged on his enemie he aunswered if thou shalt from tyme to tyme approue trye thy self a vertuous and an honeste maÌ„ne This poynte whosoeuer dooeth accomplyshe bothe dooeth to hymselfe moste high benefite and in the best wise possible vexeth and tormenteth his enemies For if a mannes eiuill willer beholdyng his grounde well tilled and housbanded is therewith greued at the veraye herte roote how shall it bee with hym if he see thyne owneself beautified and adourned with the substaunciall and vndoubted Iewels of excellent vertue When he came to visite Antisthenes lyyng sicke in his bedde he spake vnto thesame in this maner Hast thou any neede of a frende Signifiyng that menne should in tyme of affliccion MeÌ„ne should in afflicion moste of all bee bolde on their frendes moste of all bee bolde on their feithfull and trustie frendes whiche maye either helpe theim in veraye deede orels by geuyng good woordes of coumforte ease some porcion of their greef and woe Unto thesame Antisthenes at another seasoÌ„ for because it had come to his eare that thesame Antisthenes for loue and desire that he had to liue did take his sickenesse somewhat ympaciently he entreed with a woodknife by his syde And wheÌ„ Antisthenes bemonyng hymself had saied vnto hym Alas who will dispetche and ridde me out of these my peines Death riddeth a bodye out of peines Diogenes the hanger shewed foorth saied euen thissame feloe here Naye ê™ Antisthenes replyyng again I saied Anthistenes was loth to dye out of my peines not out of my life Makyng a iourney vnto the citee of Corinthus he entreed the schoole whiche ☞ There reigned in Sicilia Dionysius the father and nexte after hym Dionysius the soonne who for his moste horrible tyrannie was expulsed out of his kyngdome and afterwarde receiued again but at last by fynall extermynion banyshed for euer And beeyng expulsed from Siracuse he went to Corinthus â— there after that he had a certain space liued a bare life at length for veraye extreme neede he was drieuen to excogitate some way and meanes whereby to gette his liuyng Wherupon he sette vp a schoole and teachyng of children and so contynued vntill his diyng daye Dionysius beeyng expulsed and driuen out of his kyngdome had ther sette vp And heard his boyes saye their lessons veraye naughtyly Dionysius in the meane whyle comyng in because he thought verayly that Diogenes had come to coumforte hym saied It is gently dooen of you Diogenes to come and see me And loe suche is the multabilitee and chaunge of fortune Yea ê™ Diogenes again What Diogenes entreyng the schoole of Dionysius saied vnto hym but I meruaill that thou art suffreed still to liue that diddest perpetrate so muche myschief in the tyme of thy reigne And I see that thou art in all behalfes euen as lewde a schoolemaister now Dionysius as lewde a scholemaister as he had been a kyng afore as thou wer an eiuill kyng afore Another of the saiynges of thesame Diogenes was this Emong the other sortes of menne to suche as liue in welthe and prosperitee life is sweete and death hatefull coÌ„trarie wyse to suche as are with calamitee and mysfortune oppressed life is greuous and death to bee wished for but vnto tyrannes bothe life and death are peinfull coumbreous Unto Tyrannes bothe life and death are coumbreous For like as thei liuen more vnpleasauÌ„tely then those persones who dooen euery daye with all their hertes wyshe to dye euen so dooen thei none otherwyse stand in contynuall dred and feare of death then if thei ledden the moste sweete pleasauÌ„t life in all the worlde To a certain persone that shewed hym a diall Diogenes disallowâ—d geometrie with the other scieÌ„cies Mathematicall In feith ê™ he A gaye instrumente to saue vs from beeyng deceiued of oure supper Menyng the arte of geometrie with all other the sciencies * The artes or sciencies Mathematical are Geometrie Musike Arithmetike â— Astrologie Mathematicall to bee to veraye litle vse or purpose To another feloe makyng great vaunte of his cunnyng in musike and in playyng on instrumentes
is noâ—thyng but that with gold it maye be ouer comed and woonne Whiche veraye selfe same thyng the poetes haue signified by the fable of * Ahas the xii kyng of the Argiues had a sonne called Acrisius whiche Acrisius succeded his father in the kyngdome of the said Argiues and had onely one doughter called Danae a goodly and a passyng beautifull ladie And so it was that Acrisius had knowelage geuen to hym by an oracle or voice comynge from heauen that he should be slain of his doughters soonne Wherfore he enclosed and shutte vp the saied Danaâ— his doughter in a veraye stronge toure and there kept hir to thentente that she myght neuer haue soonne At length Iupiter in fourme of a shoure raynyng droppes of golde gotte Danae with childe So by Iupiter she had a soonne called Perseusâ— Whiche thyng beeyng come to light and beeyng knowen hir father sette bothe hir and hir infant childe enâ—losed in a troughe or trounke of wood in the wilde sea So was she carryed by auentures on the sea vntyll she arriued in Italie and there Pilumnus the kyng and grauÌ„dfather of Turnus tooke hir to wife And afterward Perseus beeyng ones come to mannes stature killed Medusa and deliuered Andromeda And at last returnyng to Argos he slewe yâ— kyng Acrisius his graundfather accordyng to the prophecie and reigned in his stede Danae by Iupiter defloured but not vntill thesame god Iupiter had first transfourmed hymselfe in to golde whereof the poete Horatius speaketh in this maner Aurum per medios ire satellites et perrumpere pere a mat castra potentius ferro Golde hath a fansie and great delite Through harnessed meÌ„ passage to ieperde And to make waye through tentes of might More forceably then deynte of sweordeâ— WheÌ„ those persones that wer at Lasthenes found theimselfes greued and tooke highly or fumyshly that certain of the traine of Philippus called theim traitours Philippus auÌ„swered that the Macedonians wer feloes of no fyne witte in their termes The Macedonians wer plain feloes â—â— callynge eche thynge by it right name but alltogether grosse clubbyshe and rusticall as the whiche had not the witte to calle a spade by any other name then a spade Alludyng to that the commenused prouerbe of the grekes callyng figgues figgues and a bote a bote 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As for his menyng was that thei wer traitours in veraye deede And the fair flatte truthe that the vplandyshe or homely and plain clubbes of the countree dooen vse nameth eche thyng by the right names It was his guyse to aduertise his sonne Alexander after a courteous familiare geÌ„tle sorte to vse hymselfe and to liue with the Macedonians A good lesson to all young princes and through beneuolence and hertie loue in the meane tyme purchaced abrode emonge the coÌ„menaltie to gather vnto hym mighte puissaunce while duryng the tyme of an other mannes reigne it laie in hym without any his harme or hindreaunce to shewe humanitee gentlenesse Like a prudent and an expert manne right well perceiuyng and vnderstandyng like as an empier by no yearthly thyng better or more fermely to bee establyshed A kyng maye not to all persones wtout excepcion shewe fauour then by the hertie loue and good wille of the subiectes towardes their prince euen so to bee a thyng of moste high difficultee and hardnesse for any persone that hath ones taken vpoÌ„ hym the office of a kyng hath now alreadie in hande the gouernaunce and ordreyng of a royalme or empier towardes all parties without excepcion to shewe gentlenesse and fauour not onely because the office power of a kyng lyeth in the open waye to bee enuied but also for that a commenweale maye not possibly bee preserued and kept in perfecte good state onlesse haynous transgressions bee restreigned and suppressed by due punyshemente and correccion Haynous transgressioÌ„s must of necessitee bee suppressed by due correccioÌ„ and punishement For kynges must so ferre extende humanitee and fauour towardes their subiectes as thei maye in the meane tyme accordyngly vpholde and maintein their autoritee and estate royal Kynges must so ferre exteÌ„de fauour that thei maye in the meane tyme not empeche their autoritee and estate royall For goodnesse and fauour without ende or measure shewed is many a tyme and ofte the mother of contempte Thesame Alexander he auised counsailled that he should wynne and make frendes vnto hym all suche persones bothe honeste and vnhoneste good and badde Kynges must vse honest persones and abuse the vnhoneste as beare any rewle stroke or autoritee in the commenweale and that the good menne he should vse the eiuill persones he should abuse that is to saye applye to some good vse that of theim selfes thei are not apte nor inclined vnto The chief and higheâ—t feacte of kynges is to reiecte no person The chief â—eaâ—te of kynges is to reiecte no persone but to make all persones profitable to the commen weale but rather to applye the labour and seruice of all menne to the publique vtâ—litee and profite As almightie god beeyng the onely Monarche and prince of the whole vniuersall worlde abuseth the eiuill sprites and the weeked menne to the vtilitee and profite of the churche so princes of high wisedome and policie haue the feacte to make instrumentes aswell of the honeste persones as of the vnhoneste not that theimselfes been werkers of any eiuill thyng by the helpe of the eiuill persones Wise â—rinces haue the feacte to make profitable instrumentes aswel of yâ—â—iuill persones as of the good but that by the eiuill thei dooe punyshe the eiuill Nerethelesse many princes there bee whiche contrarie to the right course dooen abuse the good menne and vse the eiuill In executyng matiers of cruell tyrannie thei associate and ioyne vnto theim suche persones as for the opinion of holynesse are famous and of greate name to th entent that the people should esteme all thyng that thei dooe to bee good and godly Thesame Philippus when he laye for hostage and pledge in the citee of Thebes â— soiourned was lodged in the hous of one Philo a Thebane and besydes his high entretainmente in that behalfe he receiued at the haÌ„des of thesame Philo many high beneficiall pleasures And when the said Philo would in no wyse take any rewarde or gifte of Philippus again Neuer maÌ„ne did any thyng for Philippus but that Philippus did asmuch for him again Naye ê™ Philippus robbe me not now by leauyng me behynd hande in bountifulnesse of that laude praise whiche hitherto I haue euer had that yet vnto this preseÌ„te daye no maÌ„ne hath passed me or gon beyoÌ„d me in doyng mutual plesures benefites Oh an hert stomakeworthie a croune emperiall He demed it a more high and ioly thyng to haue the ouerhande in dooyng deedes of bouÌ„tie then in the prerogatif of power WheÌ„ a greate mayny hauyng been taken priesoners in warre wer in sellyng
he builded a citee in the place where the horse dyed and for a memorie of thesame called the citee Bucephalon or Bucephala or as it is in Plutarchus Bucephalia horse that was passyng fierce and would not suffre any man to mounte or geat vp on his back saied Oh what an horse these folkes dooe marre while through defaulte of skylle and by reason of cowarde stomakes thei haue not the wayes to handle hym So when hymself with meruaillous policie and cunnyng without beatyng or strykyng had had the handleyng of the said horse at last he lept vp on his backe and putte hym to a galop and then clapped spurres to hym And when he sawe his tyme geÌ„tly turning his hedde with the bridle assoone as he had brought the horse backe again had elighted down his father moste louyngly kyssyng his cheeke saied Macedonia was euer â—o litle for Alexander O my dere soonne goo serche out some other kyngdome meete for thee for Macedonia is allreadie all to litle for thee Full well did it geue this prudent wise prince in his mynde tofore that to suche an haulte courage excellente nature his fathers dicion might not suffise But this horse is an exaumple for vs that many wittes at their first begynnyng excellente are in processe vtterly destroyed and lost through the faulte of those that haue the breakyng trainyng and bryngyng vp of theim Many goodly wittes marred throughe the faulte of the instructours who for the moste parte knowe not the waye how to ordre and rewle theim excepte thei shall first haue made theim of kyndely horses veraye sterke asses The same Alexander did contynually shewe great honour and reuerence vnto Aristotle AlexaÌ„der did conâ—ynual reuereÌ„ce to his maister Aristotle to whom he had in his childehood been coÌ„mitted to bee enstructed taught auouchyng hymself to bee no lesse beholdyng to the said Aristotle the theÌ„ to his father for that of his father he had receiued entreaunce into this life We are no lesse bounden to our scholemaisters theÌ„ to our parentes and of his schoolemaister to liue well When a rouer on the sea was taken brought before hym How a piraâ—e beâ—yng taken auÌ„swered Alexander wheÌ„ he was examyned and was asked vpon whose supportacioÌ„ he durst be so bolde to doo such myschief on the seaes he aunswered at fewe woordes as foloeth I saieth he because I so dooe with no more but one sely poore foyste am called a pirate and thou wheras thou dooest thesame with a greate nauie art called a kyng Alexander meruaillyng at the fearelesse herte of the feloe gaue hym perdone of his life Where he had in his owne persone purposely made a iourney to Delphos Delphi orâ—â— a toune in the regioÌ„ of Phocis where Apollo had a notable goodly temple and gaue vnto pilgrymes that resorted thither oracles that is to saie aunsweres voices tokens froÌ„ heauen of suche thynges as thei sought to knowe whiche we call werkyng of miracles and thynges shewed by râ—uâ—lation when the prophetisse there saied that she would in no wyse at that presente tyme desire of that goddes any aunswer of the mater whiche he was come for because it wer dayes prohibited duryng the whiche it was not leefull no not so muche as for the oracles neither to speake or to geue aunswer in any matiers Alexander halyng pullyng with hym yâ— said prophetisse parforce ascended into the temple And when the prophetisse by his ymportunitee violente compulsioÌ„ enforced to go whether she would or not spake these woordes Thou art inuicible my soonne This is eueÌ„ enough of the oracle for me ê™ Alexander Alexander toke al to his auauntage that was to his appetite and purpose Accoumptyng and rekenyng the womaÌ„nes priuate woordes for an aunswer of his purpose directely geuen vnto hym from the god After that Alexander hauing takeÌ„ a viage on warrefare into Asia The assured truste and coÌ„fidence of Alexander to prosper in all his entreprises had distributed in maner geueÌ„ away by patentes vnto his capitaines and menne of armes all his possessions and lande vnto Perdicca askyng this question what haue ye now leafte to yourself sir kyng Marie ê™ he again hope Then saied Perdicca Perdicca one of Alexanders Capitaines And Plutarchus writeth that as Perdicca did so did a greate noumbre moâ— to whoÌ„ AlexaÌ„der had geuen and assigned porcioÌ„â— of landes and possessions And as for hope shal bee indifferente and commune for vs your soldyours as well as for you and so refused to take the lordeship or mainour which Alexander had assigned out for hym Shuche assured trust and confidence had thei on all handes conceiued to make a prosperous and a luckie viage Thesame Alexander at the begynnyng of his reigne Alexander would in maters of coumplainte euermore reserue one eare wholly for the partie defendauÌ„t wheÌ„ he sate in iudgemente vpon causes concernyng life death he would euermore stoppe th one eare as long as the accuser was tellyng his tale And beeyng asked why he did so the other eare ê™ he I dooe wholly reserue kepe for the partie defendaunte would Christ all iudges would dooe like wyse at these dayes Against * Callisthenes was a sophiste and a manne of great eloqueÌ„ce as declareth Plutarchus in the life of Aleâ—ander He waâ— bâ—oâ—ght into Alexanders courte by the meanes of Aristotle whose nere kynsman he was For Aristotle and Hero the mother of Callisthenes were come of twoo sistursâ— Plutarchus saieth that some writers affirmen Alexander to haue hanged hym on the galoes and that other wryten hym to haue dyed in prieson by reason of longe kepyng there in cheines fettres and that others saien hym to haue dyed of the congelyng of greate or talowe betwene the skynne and the fleashe Callisthenes in no behalf framyng hymselfe to the facions and guyse of the kynges courte Callisthenes contemnynge the facioÌ„s of Alexanders court at leÌ„gth grewe out of fauour and encurred his mortall hatered but both in woordes and in his other demeanure openly preteÌ„ding and shewyng hymselfe to myslike all that euer was dooen there Alexander had ofte in his mouthe this lytle greke verse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I hate that wyse manne what euer he is That to his owne behouf is not wyse Beeyng about to make assaulte vpon the toune of * This Nisa was a toune in India builded by Bacchus For there was an other Nisa in Aegypte where Bacchus was nouriced by the nymphes There wer also other tounes mo then one or twain of thesame name elswhere as teâ—tifien the Geographiers Nisa for to winne it when he perceiued his souldyers by reason of the deapth of the floodde whiche renneth a long by the citie The forwardnesse of AlexaÌ„der in marâ—câ—all entrepriâ—ses to bee clene discouraged and afeard to auenture he stamped and sterted at it cryyng out with a loude voice oh the naughtyest feloe aliue that I
from peril of death yet he tooke heauily that the deformitee disfigure of hymping on the one legge whiche had come to hym by the saied wounde did stil remain To whoÌ„ Alexander saied How Alexander couÌ„forted Philippus takyng thought for that he shuld halte al dayes of his life sir take no discoumforte to shewe yourselfe abrode but euer when ye sette foorth your foote to goo haue mynde on your valiauÌ„t manhood And prowesse that ye shewed when ye receiued this wounde This saiyng is ascribed to others mo besides Alexander If at any tyme either in familiare communicacion orels at the table there had come in place any contencion about the verses of Homere one saiyng this verse to bee best an other that verse Alexander would euermore allow praise this verse here ensuyng What verse Alexander allowed best of all the verses of Homere aboue all the other verses in the booke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is Bothe a good capitain to guyde an armie And with speare shielde valiaunte hardie He would moreouer saie that Homere did in this verse bothe make honourable reporte of the manhood and prouesse of Agamemnon Alâ—â—â—nder auouched that Homere iÌ„ collaâ—dyng Agamemnon prophecied of hym and also prophecie of thesame to come in Alexander At what tyme Alexander hauyng passed ouer Hellespontus HellespoÌ„tus the narrowe sea betâ—eene Grece Asia went to see Troie reuoluyng castyng in his mynde the actes of aunciente princes of renoume a certain persone promised to geue hym the harpe of Paris Alexanâ—â—r hauynâ— the harpe of Achilles cared not for the harpe of Paris if he had any mynde to it No no ê™ Alexander quickely again I haue no neede at all of the harpe of Paris forasmuche as I haue allreadie the harpe of Achilles Paris the sooÌ„ne of Priamus kynge of Troie of whom is noted afore in yâ— third Apophthegme of Aristâ—ppus Achilles beeyng on his owne partie a knight stoute and actiue vsed euermore on his harpe to plaie songes of the laudes and praises of hardie menne valiaunte whereas Paris with his harpe did nothyng but twang fonde fansies of daliaunce and lasciuiousnesse On a tyme he went to see the womeÌ„ of Darius his court The women of Dariê° his court wer his wife his mother and his twoo doughters takyng Hephaestion with hym And this Hephaestion because he went at that tyme in thesame maner apparell that the kynge did Hephaestion somwhat bigger made taller of personage then Alexander and also was of personage somewhat bigger made theÌ„ he Sygambris the mother of Darius kneled vnto Sygambris the mother of Darius in stede of the kyng And when she had by the noddyng and beckyng of those that stood by well perceiued that she had taken hir marke amysse she was muche dismaied withall and begoonne of freshe to dooe hir duetie vnto Alexander Anon saied Alexander AlexaÌ„der estemed Hephaestion a secoÌ„de Alexander accordyng to the ê“uerbe amiâ—â—cus alter ipse that is twoo freÌ„des are one solle and one body Mother there is no cause why to bee dismaied For this manne too is Alexander Dooyng to weete that his frende was a secounde Alexander When he was come into the temple of Hammon the ministre there How Alexander comynge into yâ— temple of Hammon was saluted by the preste or minister there beeyng an aunciente saige father welcomed hym with these woordes All haill * Plutarchus writeth certain autours to affâ—rme that yâ— minister welcomed hym in greke myndyng tendrely and gentely to salute with thys woorde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sonnekyn or litle soonne tripped a litle in his touÌ„gue â— by a wrong pronunciacioÌ„ in stede of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whiche beyng diuyded into two woordes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 souneth the soonne of Iupiter my soonne and it is not I that dooe call the by this name but the god Iupiter Then saied Alexander I take it at your haÌ„de o father and wil bee contented fromhensforth to bee called your sonne vpon condicion that ye graunt vnto me the empier domynion of all the whole worlde The preste went into the priue chauncell and as though he had spokeÌ„ with god came forth again and aunswered that Iupiter did by assured promisse make hym a grauÌ„te of his boune that he asked TheÌ„ eftsons saied Alex. Now would I fain know if there bee yet remainyng vnpunyshed any of those persones which killed my father To this the preste thus made aunswer As many as putte their handes to the sleeyng of Philippus haue receiued condigne punyshemente for their offense euery one of theim but as for your father no mortall creature hath power to destroye or to werke displesure vnto by laiyng awayte for hym Signifiyng that he was the soonne of Iupiter AlexaÌ„der made to beleue that he was the sonne of Iupiter not of Philippus aud not of Philippus Wheras Darius had sette his armie royall of a ☞ Plutarchus in yâ— life of Alexander saieth that Dariê° had in his armie siâ—e huÌ„dred thousaÌ„de fightyng men besides those which wer in his nauie on the seaes woondreous great noumbre in a readynesse to fight Alexander was taken with a meruaillous dedde slepe in so muche that beeyng euen in the daye tyme he could not holde vp his hedde nor awake At the last greate perill and daunger beeyng eueÌ„ at hande his gentlemeÌ„ entreyng his bedde chaumbre made hym to awake AlexaÌ„der takeÌ„ with a dedde slepe euen in the daye time wheÌ„ Darius laâ—e in yâ— caÌ„pe râ—adiâ— euâ—â—â—â— hâ—â—re to sette vpon hym 〈◊〉 he said â—heÌ„ he was â—â—akened And when thei saied vnto hym that thei meruailled how he could in that presente state of his affaires bee so quiete and voide of all care as to slepe so soundely Marie ê™ he Darius hath deliuered and quyte discharged me of greate carefulnesse and trouble of mynde in that he hath gathred all his puissaunce together into one place that wee maye euen in one daye trye whether he shall haue the soueraintee orels I. The Corinthians had by ambassadours geuen to Alexander Magnus to enioye the right of all their libertees and franchesse The Corinthians made AlexaÌ„der free 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 This kynde of pleasure dooyng wheÌ„ Alexander had laughed to skorne one of the ambassadours saied Sir wee neuer yet vnto this daye made any for euer free of oure citee sauyng now your grace and ones afore tyme Hercules This heard Alexander with al his herte accepted the honour vnto hym offreed Whiche honour partely the raritee made vnto hym acceptable and partely that he was therin ioyned with Hercules a knight of moste high praise and renoume At the siege of a certain citee whyle he serched for the weakest places of the walles he was striekeÌ„ with an aroe but yet he would not leaue of his purpose Within a whyle after that the bloodde beeyng staunched the anguyshe of the drye wounde
encreaced more and more and his leggue flagguyng down by the horses syde by litle litle was al aslepe in maner sterke stife he beeyng of force constreigned to geue ouer that he had beegoonne and to cal for his surgeoÌ„ Alexander agnised and knowelaged hymself to be a mortall maÌ„ saied to suche as wer presente Euery bodye reporteth me to bee the soonne of Iupiter but this wounde saieth with an open mouth that I am a mortall manne One Xenophantus customably vsed by certain measures plaiyng on a flute to sette Alexander forthwarde to battaill And all persones woundreyng the musike should bee of suche force and power one emong theim saied If Xenophantus bee suche a cuÌ„nyng doer leat him plaie some measure to cal Alexander home again from makyng warres Meanyng that it was no veraye high poynte of cuÌ„nyng to bryng a bodye to that thyng wherunto thesame is of hym self propense and of his owne propre nature inclined THE SAIYNGES OF ANTIGONVS THE FIRST KYNG OF THE MACEDONIANS This Antigonus was of all the successourâ— of Alexander moste puissaunt and mightie And Plutarchus in the life of Demetrius saieth that Antigonus had by Stratonice the doughter of Corâ—haeus twoo soonnes of whiche the one he called of his brothers name Demetrius and the other of his fathers name Philippus And thesame Plutarcê° in the life of Paulus Aemilius and els where in moo places theÌ„ one saieth that this Antigonus euen by the title of his birth and descente claymed to haue the name of a kyng first begoonne to reigne in Asia after the deceasse of Alexander Albeeit as the said Plutarchus in the life of Demetrius testifieth the successours of Alexander wer not euen at the first called kinges but certain yeres after wheÌ„ Demetrius the soonne of Antigonus had on the sea subdued Ptolomeê° the kyng of Egypte and had destroyed all his nauie then came one Aristodenus a Milesian from Demetrius in poste and salued Antigonus by the name of kyng Then Antigonus not onely on his owne partie and behalfe vsurped the name the honour the estate and yâ— ornamentes and armes of a kyng but also sent vnto his soonne Demetrius a Diademe that is to saie a kynges croune together with letters in whiche he called hym a kyng Antigonus reigned twoo and twentie yeres and kept in the tyme of his reigne many warres at last was slain and dyed euen in the felde 1. ANtigonus was an eagre and a sore manne in takyng exaccions of money of his subiectes How Antigonê° excused his greuous exaccions of money emoÌ„ge his subiectes Wherupon to a certain persone saiyng Iwys Alexander was no suche manne A good cause why ê™ he again for he rieped Asia and had all the ere 's and I dooe but gather the stalkes Menyng that Asia sometyme the rychest welthiest countree of the worlde had been afore his tyme spoyled by Alexander AlexaÌ„der spoyled Asia and left it as bare as Iob. and that he must bee gladde and fain to scrape together what he might bee hable to geat emong theim hauyng been afore in suche wyse pilled leaâ—t as bare as Iob. 2. Beholdyng on a tyme a certain of his soldiours to plaie at the balle hauyng bothe their iackes their salettes on he was highly well pleased with the sight therof and commaunded the capitaines of thesame soldyers to bee called fette to thentente to geue theim thaÌ„ke How Antigonê° vsed certain of his captaâ—nes which sate drinkyng whyle their soldyours exercised theim selfes with plaiyng at the balle in their harnesse and to praise theim in presence of their capitaines but when woord was brought hym that the said capitaines wer drynking and making good chere he conferred their capitainshippes vnto those actiue souldyers whiche had plaied at the balle in their harnesse All vnder one bothe punyshyng the sluggyshenesse of the capitaines and with honour and promocion rewardyng the actiuitee of the soldyers Euery bodye meruaillyng that wher in the begynnyng of his reigne he had been a veraye sore manne Antigonus in the begynnyng of his reigne a sore manne but in the later ende ful of al mercie and gentlenesse now beeyng striken in age he gouerned his royalme with all mercie and gentlenesse At the begynnyng saieth he it behoued me to haue a kyngdome at this daye I haue more neede of glorie and beneuolence Menyng that an empier is ofte tymes by the sweord by roughnesse purchaced or acquired but thesame not reteined or long yeres coÌ„tinued without the honest opinion that the subiectes haue of their kyng and the hertie good wille of the prince mutually toward his subiectes Thesame Antigonus vnto his soonne Philip beeyng full of questions in presence of a greate noumbre What Antigonus aunswered to his soonne beyng muche inquisitiue when yâ— campe should remoue Albeit Plutarchê° nameth that it was Demeâ—rius that was so inquisitiue and saiyng Sir when shall wee remoue the campe thus aunswered what art thou afeard lest thou alone of al the coumpaignie shalt not heare the trouÌ„pette blowe Notynge the lacke of experience skylle in the young manne in that he would in the hearyng of a greate compaignie moue suche a question to his father wheras in tyme of warre The ententes purposes of priceâ— ought in no wyse to bee vttreed in tyme of warre the ententes and purposes of princes ought in no wyse too be vttreed ne disclosed but as often as the campe muste remoue a trumpette geueth a knowelage therof to the vniuersall multitude all to gether When his soonne the said Philip beeyng a young manne had made woondreous earneste request and suite to haue his lodgeyng appointed hym at a wedooes house How Antigonus disappointed the purpose of his soonne seekyng to bee lodged in an house where his loue was that had three fair welfauoured doughters Antigonus callyng for the knight herbynger saied vnto yâ— same wilt thou not see my soonne voided out of suche a streight corner He did not discrye how the young mannes herte was sette although he knewe thesame to seeke wheron to bestowe his loue but found an ympedemente by the narrowe roome of the house in which the wedooe liued with hir three doughters After that he had perfectely recouered of asore disease and maladie well saieth he all this is no harme Sickenesse putteth vs in remembrauÌ„ce not to bee proude in hert forasmuch as we be mortal For this syckenesse hathe geuen vs a good lesson not to bee proude in herte forasmuche as we bee mortall Who had taught this heathen kyng suche a pointe of Philosophie meete and woorthie for any christian herte his frendes lameÌ„ted bewailled as a greatâ— eiuill that he had been so sore sicke but he enterpreted and tooke that to hym thereby had redounded more good then eiuill The maladie had made his bodye leane and bare of fleshe but it endued replenyshed his herte with sobrenesse and humilitee It had shrew dely
a poore souter had taught to salute hym brought out theim also in this maner bothe our labour al our cost is lost Câ—sar laughyng hertely therat coÌ„mauÌ„ded a greate dele more to be paied for hir theÌ„ he had geueÌ„ for any such bird tofore A poore greke poete to crepe in to the fauour of Augustus Caesar vsed this facion Euer when the Emperour should come down from his palaice the poete would exhibite vnto hym some Epigramme or other in his honour praise How Augustus serued a poore Greke poete geuyng hym epigraÌ„mes of Greke and how he was serued of him again And when he had ofte times so doen in vain and Augustus sawe that he woulde not leaue he wrote out with his owne hande a well made Epigramme of Greke and sent it to the poete approching to meete hym as one entendyng to recompeÌ„se verses with verses The Greke hauyng receiued the Emperours Epigramme read it and not onely in woordes but also with countenaunce with gesture of bodye praised thesame made muche woundreyng at it And afterwarde when he had approched to the littre that Caesar rode in puttyng down his haÌ„de in to his thredebare pouche nigh penylesse he tooke out a grote or twoo or three putte it in the hande of Caesar with these woordes not accordyngly as your estate requireth o Augustus but if I had more more would I geue WheÌ„ all that wer present had takeÌ„ vp a laughter therat The liberalitee of Augustus towarde learned meÌ„ne Caesar called his purse-bearer or coferer and coÌ„maunded hym to deliuer vnto the poete an huÌ„dreed thousaÌ„de pieces of golde Niggardship in open presence cast in the nose of the Emperour happed well for thâ— Grekes parte Iulia the doughter of Augustus when she came on a tyme to dooe hir duetie vnto hir father perceiued his yies to bee offended with hir ouer wantoÌ„ and staryng araie though he would nothyng saie to it Augustus offended with his doughter Iulia for goyng in ouer dissolute araie Wherfore the nexte daie folowyng hir apparell chaunged into a more sadde sorte she enbraced hir father Then Caesar who had kept in his grefe the daie afore was not hable likewyse to kepe in his ioye and gladnesse but saied how muche better dooeth this sadde sorte of apparellyng become the doughter of Augustus The youÌ„g ladie had an auÌ„swer readie quickely The readie aunswer of Iulia to Augustus for eâ—câ—synge hir gorgeous goyng in hir apparell Forsouth saieth she I haue this daye trymmed my selfe to please the yies of my father my yesterdayes araye was to please my housbande At a certain sight of fightyng and tourneyyng The diuersiteâ— of the traines awaiting on Liuia the mother Iulia the doughter â—iuia the mother and Iulia the doughter had turned the yies of all the people on theim twain by reason that their traines wer so ferre vnlike the one to the other About the persone of Liuia awaited a coumpaignie of menne sage and aunciente Of Iulia reade more in the .lxiii apophthegme Iulia came accoumpaignied with a sorte of lustie youÌ„g rufleers and wylde merchauntes Augustus therfore by lettres admonyshed his doughter Iulia to marke what greate difference and oddes there was betwene twoo women of high estate She wrote to hir father again The auÌ„swer of Iulia vnto hir father Augustus aduertisyng hir of hir ryotious câ—uÌ„paignie of seruauntes well and these folkes shal bee olde too when I am This aunswer if one dooe interprete it in the good parte mayâ— seme feactely and proprely made if to the wurst without either shame or grace Thesame Iulia begoonne somewhat with the soonest to haue whyte heares in hir hedde Iulia the doughter of Augustus begoÌ„ne to haue a whytehedde somewhat with the soonest And the soudain comyng in of Caesar vpoÌ„ hir tooke vnawares the women that had keÌ„bed hir hedde as thei wer piekyng vp hir whyte heares and tooke vpon their clothes diuerse of the heares that thei had plucked out of his doughters hedde How Augustus rebuked his doughter Iulia for pluckyng the whyte heares out of hir hedde This matier Augustus made as though he had not knowen And the 〈◊〉 a preatie whyle passed foorth with communicacioÌ„ of other matiers at last he brought in mencion of olde age And by this occasion he demauÌ„ded of Iulia whether she had lieffer in processe of a fewe yeares to haue an hore whyte hedde orels to bee altogether balde And wheÌ„ she had thus made answer forsouth father of the two I had rather to haue a whyte hedde Why then saied he dooen these damyselles all that thei maye to make the clene balde before thy tyme With this preatie inuencion subtilly deuised he tooke hir tardie with a plaine lye To a certain frende of hirs a manne of grauitee geuyng hir counsail to frame hirself after the exaumple of hir fathers soobre and aunciente maner of liuyng thesame Iulia aunswered pertely enough again What Iulia saied to an auâ—cieÌ„t saige manne exhortyng hir to the frugalitee of of hir father he dooeth not remembre ê™ Iulia thaâ—â—is an Emperour but I dooe remembre that I am an Emperours doughter Augustus settyng twoo iesters together forto plaie their merie partes in gesturyng the one after the other by course called the one of theim a daunser and the other a stopper Because the one was out of measure full of his knackes aud toyes the other whiche when he shoulde countrefaict to dooe after hym as he had dooen afore coulde come nothyng â—igh to his facions semed to dooe nothyng but to make pauses stoppe or lette hym of his daunsyng The inhabitauntes of TarracoÌ„ Howe Augustus reproued the â—laterie of the Tarraconians bryngyng hym tydynges that a date tree was growen vp in his altare for a gladde token of prosperous fortune bryngyng hym tydynges that in his altare was sprongen and growen vp a palmetree therby ê™ Augustus full well appeareth howe often ye dooe sacrifice of incense in our honour That thei would faine haue attributed vnto the goddes as a miracle he imputed to their negligence who seldome or neuer did sacrifice of burnyng incense in the altare of Caesar. * Tarraconia a countree of Spain now called Aragousie Tarracon the chief citee of that countree where was an altare coÌ„secrated to Augustus Tarraconenses the inhabitauÌ„tes of Tarracon Thesame Augustus wheÌ„ the Galles had geueÌ„ hym a golden chaine of an hundred pouÌ„de weight and Dolobella prouyng his mynde in sporte How Augustus auoided Dolobella askynge a golden chaine of hym proceded in merie coÌ„municacion till at the last he saied Sir Emperour I praie you geue me this chaine Naye ê™ Augustus I had rather I might geue you a garlande * A garlaÌ„de ciuike was called in latine ciuica corona whiche one citezen hauyng been rescued and saued froÌ„ killyng in battaill made and gaue to another citezen by whom he was so rescued and saued as a testimoniall of
his life saued when he should but for the others aide and helpe haue been slain And this garlande was of more honoure then aâ—y other gifte by manhood and prowesse marcyall to bee acheued sauyng onely corona graminea a garlande of grasse otherwyse called corona obsidionalis a garlande obsidionall whiche was geueÌ„ to that persone who by his aide and rescue had saued the whole vniuersal armie of the Romaines beeyng besieged and besette or on euery syde enuironed with their enemies And yet weâ— there many garlandes geuen in battaill of muche more price value then either of bothe aforesaid as maye appere by the woordes of Plynius whiche I haue thought good here to sette because it maketh to the declaracion and vnderstandyng of this place The garlande ciuike saieth Plynius at yâ— firste was of holme afterwarde it was more fansied to haue it made of Oken leues with acornes There beloÌ„ged vnto it many coÌ„dicioÌ„s and many circumtaunces wer required he that should haue it muste bee one whiche first of all gettyng vp to the walles of the toune that he fighteth for in his owne countree hath slain whatsoeâ—er persone was so hardie to entreprise brekyng in And one that had more desire to saue the life of one of his owne couÌ„treemen and feloes then to slea his enemie And how that thesame place where the deede was dooen the enemies was like to haue enioyed thesame daie And that the partie so saued confesse thesame with his owne mouth other wyse wytnesses dooen nothyng auaill that he wer a citezen of Roome Other forâ—ner comyng to succour and aide the Romaines gâ—ue not that honour though one saue a kynge Neither dooeth thesame honour â—asse the commen rate in dignitee though the high capitain bee sembleaby rescued and saued For the first foundâ—â—s would the highest of all to bee in any yâ— wer a citezen whatsoeuer he wer A ciuike garlaÌ„d once receiued it was lawfâ—lâ— for hâ—m that had iâ— ones geuen to weare all daieâ— of life afâ—â—â— If hâ— came to any commen plaies or open sightes it is the guise euen yet still that reuerence bee dooen to hym yea eueÌ„ of the Senate He had authoritee to sitte in the seates nexte vnto the Senate He was exempted and chartreed or priuileged froÌ„ beâ—ryng almanâ—r offices of charge bothe for hymself and his father and his fathers father ciuike or I will rather geue you a garlande ciuike After a pleasaunte wittie sorte did he putte backe the vnshamfastnesse of one that craued to haue a rewarde yet had neuer been in battaill where he might deserue a reward therfore a garlande ciuike was more meete for hym A garlande ciuike made either oâ— holy or els of oken leues whiche was woont to bee made of oken leues of holme leues as the garlande triumphal of golde Albeeit aswel castrensis corona otherwyse called uallaris corona the garlande whyche was geuen by the highe Capitayne of the Romayns vnto hym that fyrste had entreprised to breake into the campe and tentes of the enemyes ouer their trenches in the feldeâ— as also corona muralis the garlande murall â—whiche was the saied graunde Capitain conferred to suche persone as at the aâ—â—aulte of anye toune or fortresse had firste scaled the walles and braste into the toune or holdes of the enemies and corona naualis other wyse called corona rostrata the garland that was geuen to hym that in battaill on the sea had firste bourded any shyppe of their enemies or elles subdued any pirates euery onâ— of theim ordinaryly made of golde Of whiche matier see Aulus Gellius in the sixth chapitour of the fifth volume And the garlande ciuike The garlaÌ„de ciuike of more honour theÌ„ any thyng of golde that was geueÌ„ for rewarde in battaill as a rewarde of more honour then any other Augustus offreed in sporte to Dolobella For Suetonius telleth that thesame Augustus emong the giftes wher with menne of armes wer rewarded for any woorthie acte or feacte dooen in warre vsed of a custome muche sooner to geue golden trappour or bardes for horses and chaines what so euer thyng els was made of golde and siluer theÌ„ garlandes vallares â—ugu would muche sooner geue rewâ—rdes of golde to his menne of armes then garlandes ciuike or mural that wer made of leaues and muralles whiche as touchyng honour wer ferre aboue the other thynges Whiche thyng excepte one dooe knowe the merie saiyng of Augustus hath no grace in the worlde Albeeit as touchyng the stuffe wherof euery of the saied garlandes was made Gellius Suetonius dooe square and disagree When he had many diuerse wayes bothe beautified and streÌ„gthened or feÌ„sed the citee of Roome What Augustus â—eied of Roome by hym beautified forâ—â—â—ed had also for many yeres to come as muche as in hym laie made yesame suer and safe from all daungiers Notâ—yng to a prince may be more royall theâ— if he make yâ— state of his realme better then it was ere it come to his handeâ— beeyng proude therof not without cause he would often saie I found Roome made but of bricke and I will leaue it of marble Nothyng to a prince maye bee more magnificente or regall theÌ„ if thesame dooe melioraâ—â— bettre the state of a dicion or royalme descended and come to his possession WheÌ„ one of his meÌ„ne of warre begged shamefully of him a thing what it was How Auguâ—gustuâ— putte of twoo ympudente crâ—uers at ones and he had espyed besides hym one Martianus also comyng a pase towardes hym whoÌ„ he mystrusted that he for his parte too would begge hard on hym ere he would haue a naye he saied I will no more dooe that thou desirest good feloe myne theÌ„ that thyng whiche Martianus goeth about to craue on me It was the lawe in Roome that what persoÌ„e had killed his father The lawe for suche as killed their fathers should bee made fast in a ☞ A lawe was made in Roome by Pompeius and was of his name called Lex Pompeia that if any persone wrought the actuall deede of killyng his faâ—her or his soonne either priâ—ely or apâ—rte thesame should bâ—e sewed or fast knitte in a poke of sacâ—â—cloth together with a liue doggue a cocke an adder and an apâ— and so should bee cast into the sea if there weâ— any nigh to the place orels into the riuer to the ende that beeyng enbrâ—ked and hampered in the middes of those mortall streighteâ— he might euen in his life tyme begynne to lacke the vse of all the elementes and that the aier should bee taken awaye â—rom hym whyle he wer aliue and the yearth when he wer dedde sacke oâ— and so cast into the riuer And yet was not this punyshemente executed but vpon the partie hauyng first coÌ„fessed the case Augustus therefore to the entente that he would help saue from the moste greuous tormente of the foresaid punyshemente a persone arrained at the barre for killyng
are coÌ„tented with their vertues honeste qualitees as the whiche dooe persuade theimselfes that he can not bee poore who hath the grace of God and is not couetous And of this conclusion it is afore menâ—ioned in the .xlviii. apophthegme of Diogenes But wheras the posicion or conclusion of the Stoikes mened that no manne was riche though he had millions of talentes except he wer a good and a vertuous manne withall Crassus because he was couetous did interprete take it to his purpose that no manne was a good manne except he wer riche so that he would his richesse to bee a cloke of goodnesse of vertue and of perfecte honestee Therefore Cicero mocked hym with an other opinion of the Stoikes whiche was that in a sapiente manne all thynges are possessed wherby Cicero by an â—â—onie exhorted Crassus to peruerte the sense therof too as he had dooen of the other and to persuade hym self that if he could geatte all the worlde into his possessioÌ„ he should be a sapiente and a perfecte good manne Whereas the mynde of the Sâ—oikes was clene contrarie But Crassus was so couetous that he would often tymes auouche no manne to bee woorthie the name of a riche manne except he wer hable with his yerely reâ—enues to kâ—pe an armie and to maintein an hoste of menne Wherefore when he warred vpoÌ„ the Parthians and was by thesame taken and slain in that warre thei cutte of his hedde in despite melted golde into his mouth saiyng these woordes Aurum sitisti Aurum bibe golde hast thou thirsted now drynke golde enough a good manne is he that is riche Naye ê™ Cicero see whether this bee not rather their opinion that a wyse manne is lorde of all the worlde or hath all thynges of the worlde in his possession Couertely notyng the auarice of Crassus The excedyng auarice of Crassus to whom nothyng was enoughâ— but all thynges semed to litle When Crassus was towarde a iourney into Syria beeyng more desirous to leaue Cicero his frend then his foe when he should bee gon he saluted Cicero diligently saied that he would suppe at home with hym that night Whom Cicero with a cherefull gladde countenauÌ„ce receiued and entreteined Within a fewe daies after this certain of his frendes went in hande with hym aud made meanes vnto hym for to bee at one with Vatinius also What Ciceâ—o saied wheÌ„ his freÌ„des laboured to bryng hym Uatinius at oâ—e Why ê™ Cicero is Vatinius disposed to haue a supper at my house too Signifiyng that the same Uatinius did make meanes more to haue a supper then to haue his frendeship Yet one cast more he had at Vatinius who had a swellyng in the throte whiche is in latine called strumae a disease like that is called the kynges â—iuil if it bee not the veraye same when the said Vatinius made a plea for a cliente of his in a certain cause Oh ê™ Tullius wee haue here an oratour gayly puffed vp Cicero called Uatinius an oratour gayly puffed vp because yesame had a swellyng in hiâ— throte In the latine it hath a veray good grace For this woorde Tumidus souneth in englyshe swolleÌ„ inflated or puffed vp Whiche termes aswell the latine as the englyshe by translacion are referred not onely to swellyng in some parte of the bodie but also in pride bragguyng and vainglorie As the oratoures Asiatique wer called Tumidi swolleÌ„ or inflated be cause their sorte facion of makyng oracions was proude solemâ—e pompeous The pompâ—ous manice of the Asiâ—tiques in makyng oracioÌ„sâ— bolde perte replenyshed with vauntyng bostyng crakyng bragguyng and vaingloriousnesse As witnesseth Plutarchus in the life of Antonius And therunto did Cicero allude Iulius Caesar had earnestely purposed to distribute the landes of Campania emong his menne of armes This thyng bothe many others in the senate tooke greuously especially one Lucius Gellius beeyng a manne euen with veraye age almoste clene dooen saied swore that it should not so bee as long as he liued What Cicâ—ro sâ—ied wheÌ„ Luciê° Gelliê° an aged maâ— spake of a thyng that it should not 〈◊〉 so long as he liued Well ê™ Cicero leat vs tarye so long hardyly for it requireth no long delaie Signifiyng that Gellius was euen at the last caste and in manier at deathes doore When a certain young feloe to whose charge it had been aforetymes laied that he had killed his father with a spiececake infected with poyson How Cicero checked a young feloe thretenyng to reâ—â—e hym wheÌ„ this young feloe beeyng angreed euen at the herte roote thretened in his furie that he would haue a flyng at Cicero with woordes that should soune litle to his honestee so had I rather thou shouldest ê™ Cicero then with spiececakes Under that coulourable woorde of double interpretacion obiectyng vnto the feloe the murdreyng of his father One Publius Sextius had taken Cicero together with certain aduocates mo to assiste hym to help defend hym in a cause of his How Ciâ—ero saied to Publius Sertius takyng on hym to make all his plea hymself And when thesame Sextius would nedes declare his owne matier and haue all the saiyng his oneself would not geue any of his aduocates place or leaue to speake a woorde as soone as the matier was clere and out of parauentures that Sextus should bee quitte and discharged by the iudges Take the tyme O Sextius ê™ Cicero this daye whyle thou mayest For tomorâ—â—â—e thou shalt bee a priuate manâ—â—â— gain Geuyng hym half a checke for that he had taken vpon hym in the matier to dooe all together hymself alone at his owne pleasure Wheras the next daye folowyng he should haue no publique office of a patrone or oratour nor bee adhibited to any suche vse but bee as other menne wer that had nothyng to dooe with pleadyng in courtes as Cicero and the other publique oratours had When Marcus Appius in the preamble of a certain oracion or plea saied that he had been by a frende of his greately desired to vse and to shewe all his diligence How Cicero mocked Marcus Appius eloqueÌ„ce fidelitee in his clientes cause at this woorde spake Cicero saied and hast thou such an hert of steele of thyn owne that of so many thynges whiche thy freÌ„de hath desired the vnto thou dooest neuer an one at all Menyng that in his oracion appered not so muche as any one poincte of diligence of elâ—quence or yet of trustynesse Marcus Aquilius hauyng twoo sooÌ„nes in lawe that wer housbandes to his twoo doughters but bothe of theim banyshed exiled Cicero called Adrastus Cicero gaue vnto Marcê° Aquilius the name of Adrastusâ— Be cause that he alone kept his standyng like a manne saued â—ym self vpright Alludyng to the propre signâ—ficacion of yâ— greke vocable For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifieth infected orels one froÌ„ whoÌ„ is no sterâ—yng away nor escaping of a shrewd turne
depeÌ„dyng of ambiguousnesse of the vocable For Varius in latine and diuerse in englyshe is called one that is of a waueryng mynde and nothyng substancial he is also called in latine Varius in englyshe diuerse that is marked with the prientes of â—trypes And in deede it was commenly noysed that this Isauricus had been scourged afore of his father with whippes And therof came thatsame not the saiyng but the deede of Marcus Caelius whose chaire of estate when Isauricus beeyng Consull had brokeÌ„ he sette vp an other with whippes kerued in it without any woordes thretenyng thesaid Isauricus How Marcê° ã€ˆâ—Šã€‰ â—â—â—ued 〈◊〉 for 〈…〉 and also castyng in his teth that he had ones been scourged with whippes of his father THE SAIYNGES OF DEMOSTHENES THE ORATOVR Plutarchus other historiographers doen write that Demosthenes had a poore woman to his mother and a woman vnknowen his father kepte a cutlers shoppe and sould kniues a good honeste manne and meetely welthie as the whiche when he dyed leaft vnto his soonne honeste substaunce but because Demosthenes was then but a litle childe he his patrimonie was coÌ„mitted to certain executours or feoffers who beguiled Domosthenes so ferre that thei neither regarded to sette hym to schoole nor while he was at schoole to paie his schoolemaisters duetie At last he became the moste noble oratour that euer was in Grece And then tooke in hande to bee a dooer in the coÌ„menweale and spared not to sette against Philippus with moste vehemente oracions inuectiues and wore out Philippus well enough and after hym Alexander But Antipater sent certain of his garde to slea hym Demonsthenes hearyng therof fledde priuely into a litle Isle named Calauria there kept hymself secrete At laâ—t he was found out And when he sawe that there was no remedie but that he should bee had to Antipater he desired that he might haue licence first to write an epistle to the Atheniens And takyng a penne in his hande he begoonne his episâ—le thus Demosthenes to the Atheniens gretyng wel to fare And euen so brake of writyng and receiued poyson whiche he had long tyme of a purpose kept vnder the stone of his ryng and so poysoned hymself out of hande Plutarchus ioyneth the life of Demosthenes and of Cicero bothe together and compareth theim twoo together as a veraye good matche and wel coupleed For saieth he wheÌ„ god at the first begynnyng fourmed Demosthenes Cicero bothe after one paterne he semeth to haue putte and enspired into their natures and disposicions many like qualitees as for example that bothe the one and the other was ambicious bothe the one and the other a citezen francke bolde and plain in tellyng his mynde to the people bothe of theim to perilles ieoperdies and warres not veraye hardy meÌ„ne There wer in their fortunes also many thinges â—ommune aswell to the one as to the other Foâ— I cannot fynd any otâ—er twoo oratours which beeyng of sembleable lowe birth grewe to bee soo greate menne of authoritee and dignite and which durst auenture to wiâ—hstand kynges and chief gouernours and lost their doughters weâ— banyshed their countrees returned fette home again with honour eftsons voidyng their citees came into the handes of their enemiesâ— and finally whiche wer extincted together with the libertee of their countree ONe ☞ This Pytheas was in the tyme of Phocion and Demosthenes a man newly come vp in Athenes of late by eleccion put in autoritee to haue dooyng and saiyng in the publique affaires of thâ— citee partely by giftes and rewardes and partely by speakyng faire vnto the people And wheÌ„ he was onâ—s gotten vp to beare some stroke in the citee he would haue to dooe in euery matier and weaxed a woondreous buisie mâ—dler in all causes in somuch that at commen assemblees he woulde often tymes trouble all the whole coumpaigniâ— wâ—th his daily pratleyng vntill Phocion at last saied will this feloe here neuer hold his peace that came but yersterdaye in manier out of the shelle and one that hath bought the people of Athenes to bâ—e his owne Pythias obiected to Demosthenes that his argumentes of rhetorike smelled all of the caÌ„dle Hâ—w Demosâ—henes aunswered Pytheas â—aiyng to his chaâ—ge that his oracions smelled â—f the candle signifiyng that he pronouÌ„ced none oracioÌ„ but out of writyng and made with greate studie by caÌ„dle in the night tyme. Whiche saiyng Demosthenes in such wyse reuersed backe again that he auouched hymself and the other partie not to bee at equal charges for candle Notyng yâ— the other was a contynuall reueller and gourmaunder by night and bestowed more money on ryottous banquettyng then he on his behalf did â—n studie Unto others obiectyng vnto hym vnmeasurable affectacion of eloquence he thus aunswered How Demosthenes pourged hymselfe of yâ— obieccioÌ„ of ouermuche studie of elâ—quence the studie of eloquence to declare a manne that loueth the people and can bee contented to bee feloe like with the people and coÌ„trariewyse to neglect the studie of eloquence to bee the guyse of suche persones as sought to bee lordes ouer the people as the whiche went about not to perswade menne by fyne vttreaunce of a matier but to compell theim parforce As often as Phocion should arise to saie his mynde in any asseÌ„blee Demosthenes would saie of thesamâ— Phocion to his frendes that sate nexte by hym Phocion the are of Demosthenes his reasons now ariseth vp the axe oâ— all my reasons For PhocioÌ„ was brief in tellyng his tale Phocion and Demosthenes fewe tymes agreedâ— but sharpe as aâ— axeâ— And his custome was for yâ— moste parte to bee of a contrarie mynde and opinion to Demosthenes The people of Athenes ymportunely required Demosthenes to take vpoÌ„ hym the accusyng of a certain persone What Demosthenes saied when the AthenieÌ„s earnestely praied hym to accuse a â—ertain perâ—one And when Demosthenes refused to dooe it the people begooÌ„ne to bee vp in a rore against hym as commenly thei will in suche a case theÌ„ Demosthenes arisyng spake in this manier O ye menne of Athenes ye haue of me a faithfull counsaillour helper at all tymes of neede whether ye will or not but a false accuser shall ye neuer haue of me would ye neuer so fain Demosthenes had been one of the â—enne whom the Atheniens had sent â—mbassadours vnto Philippus kyng â—f Macedonie Demosthenes one of the .x. whom the Atheniens sent ambassadours to Philippus kyng of Macâ—donie So after that Aeschines â—nd Philocrates whiche twoo Philipâ—us had especially aboue the residue familiarly embraced made of beeyng come home again froÌ„ the saied ambassade gaue the kyng muche high praise partely for many other thynges especially for these three folowyng that he was full of fauour and beautie Philippus kyng of Macedonie was beautiful eloquenâ—e and a good drynker that he had a goodly eloquente toung that he could drynk lustyly Demosthenes made this cauillacion that