Israel in whom I will be glorified the Name of the Body being given here to the Head as sometimes the Church bears Christ's Name so here he bears the Name of the Church that the Church in Union with Christ is called Christ see 1 Cor. 12.12 as if the Father should so say to the Son I have fix'd my Thoughts upon thee to be the great Sponsar and Surety for my Chosen and I will enter into a Covenant no more with them without thou wilt undertake for them and in their Nature and Stead satisfie for their Sins and accomplish all my Pleasure so Isa. 42.6 I the Lord have called thee and will hold thy Hand and will keep thee and give thee for a Covenant of the People for a light of the Gentiles to declare my Righteousness or as 't is said Rom. 3.26 That God might be Just and the Justifier of him that believes in Jesus that I as if God should say may appear a Pure Just and Righteous God and so magnifie the attribute of my infinite Holiness which shines forth in my just and righteous Law and yet appear also as I am a merciful and gracious God therefore I have called thee whom I long ago entered into a Covenant with for and in behalf of them whether Jews or Gentiles who are chosen and I will give thee to be for a Covenant or the Angel of the Covenant and the Mediator and Surety thereof in and by whom the Covenant of my Grace is made and confirmed with my People To this purpose speaks also Reverend Mr. Pool in his Annotations on this Place 2 dly Also Christ declares his Agreement and hearty Consent to undertake in this Covenant as 't is hinted Heb. 10.7 Then said I lo I come in the volume of thy book it is written of me to do thy will O God thy law is in my heart my delight saith he was with the Children of Men Prov. 8.31 And this before the Mountains were settled before the Hills were brought forth I was set up from everlasting from the beginning or ever the Earth was He was ordained as the Head and great Representative of all that shall be Saved to undertake for them and dye for them and to bring many Sons to Glory he therefore said he laid down his Life as the Father gave him Commandment he was obedient as a Servant willingly undertook this Work and Office upon him and so consented and struck hands with his Father not for himself but for us to dye and make an end of Sin and bring in everlasting Righteousness Dan. 9.24.26 He consented to take our Nature on him a body hast thou prepared me and to pay our Debts to perform the Righteousness of the Law and to be made a Curse for us to deliver us from the Curse of the Law which we had broke Gal. 4.4 5. The Lord God hath opened mine Ear and I was not Rebellious Isa. 50.5 I readily did and suffered all that he enjoined upon me I have not turned away mine Ear from any of God's Commands nor my Feet from going where he would send me how difficult or hard soever my Work was I gave my back to the smiters and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair I hid not my face from shame and spitting ver 6. Question Is not that Covenant which was made between the Father and the Son considered as the latter is Mediator called the Covenant of Redemption made from all Eternity a distinct Covenant from the Covenant of Grace Answ. I Answer The Stores of Sacred Wisdom Grace and Truth which are treasured up in Divine Revelations concerning the Nature of God's Covenant is so mysterious and difficult for us to know or find out that it behoveth us to take heed how we too boldly speak or write about it and yet nevertheless though the Thing is in it self so sublime the Mystery of it so great the declaration of it in the Scripture so Extensive and diffused through the whole body of it yet the concernment of it is such as to our Faith and Comfort and for the Prevention of Errors and Mistakes none can be blamed according to their Light to pry and search into it I must confess I have formerly been inclined to believe the Covenant or Holy Compact between the Father and the Son was distinct from the Covenant of Grace but upon farther search by means of some great Errours sprang up among us arising as I conceive from that Notion I cannot see that they are Two distinct Covenants but both one and the same glorious Covenant of Grace only consisting of Two Parts or Branches for as that blessed Compact doth peculiarly respect Christ's Person as Mediator and as he is so considered in the Covenant I do not say it was a Covenant of Grace to him for he obtains all by Desert and Merit yet seeing God entered into that Covenant with him for us as our Head Surety and Representative and not for himself singly considered it cannot be any thing else but the Covenant of Grace as well as the Foundation or primary Spring of all that Grace and divine Goodness that the Elect had or ever shall partake of or receive from God for 't is as I may so say the opening the Sluces or Floodgates of all divine Love and Mercy to poor lost and undone Mankind nay the Grace of God to us in entering into this Covenant with Christ as our Mediator from before all Worlds is doubtless ground of the highest Admiration to Saints and Angels And therefore I see not I say but that they are but one and the same Covenant of Grace yet so as that Christ has his Part Work and Reward distinct from us he hath all by hard Work and Merit that we might have the Blessings he merited freely by Grace alone Christ in the Covenant of Grace is the Mediator we are those he mediates for Christ is the Head we are the Body the covenanted for Christ is the Surety we the Poor Debtors and Criminals he struck hands to satisfie God's Justice for Christ is the Redeemer we the Redeemed Christ the Saviour we the Saved Christ is the Purchaser we are the Inheritance he purchased and that it might be thus Christ entered into this Covenant with the Father for us out of his infinite Grace and divine Goodness and it was even like inconceivable Grace and Mercy in God the Father to find out in his infinite Wisdom this way and substitute his own Son in our stead accept of his Son prepare a Body for his Son enter into a Covenant with his Son anoint and send his Son to redeem us from Sin Wrath and Hell If this Covenant be not the Covenant of Grace where shall we find it God's actual taking us into Covenant 't is but that we might drink of this Fountain or rather that we might have actual Interest in this Covenant and whatsoever Christ did in time or when the fulness of time
which the Purity of his Holy Nature and Honour of his Sovereign Majesty required as rightful Judge and Governour had not the Father chosen accepted and approved of him for doing of this great Work his undertakings could not have availed us to the Salvation of our Souls besides the Glory of God the Father must not be eclipsed while we exalt the eternal Son in our Redemption all the Benefit therefore we receive by the Blood and Merits of Christ are ascribed to the free Grace of God the Father after that the Kindness and Love of God our Saviour appeared Tit. 3.4 the Father chose us in Christ as well as gave him for us and commanded him to lay down his Life to redeem us 2dly This Covenant is so well ordered that the Glory of Jesus Christ is magnified herein wonderfully 1. In that herein he is proclaimed the Only True God by whom the World was made the Brightness of the Father's Glory and express Image of his Person Heb. 1.3 and when he brought him into the World he saith and let all the Angels of God Worship him Now Divine Worship appertains to none but to him that is God by Nature 2 Christ's Love shines forth in this Covenant as well as his Deity or Godhead in his ready gracious and voluntary Acceptation of that glorious Design of saving us miserable Creatures it was Christ who wrought out the Garment or Robe of Righteousness for us tho' the Father prepared him a Body to do it Christ kept the Law of the first Covenant for us and overcome all our Enemies hence he said Be of good chear I have overcome the World Joh. 16.33 why should we be of good chear upon his overcoming the World if it was not for us and to assure us that we shall overcome it Nay and we did overcome it in him he overcame Sin made an end of Sin as to its killing and Soul-condemning Power Dan. 9.24 he shed his Blood to make our Peace with God the Father he received the Spirit without Measure to communicate it to us Christ loved us and washed us from our sins in his own Blood Rev. 1.5 He makes Intercession for us who is he that Condemneth it is Christ that dyed yea or rather that is risen again who is even at the Right Hand of God who also maketh Intercession for us Rom. 8.34 He pleads his own Sacrifices with the Father for us he presents our Persons as the High-Priest under the Law did the Names of the Children of Israel when he appeared before the Lord on the Breast-Plate of Judgment before the Father and in him also our spiritual Services are accepted we are justified in him he is the Lord our Righteousness we have pardon of sin through his Blood he is our Bridegroom he came from Heaven to offer his Love to us and to espouse us for himself he that has the Bride is the Bridegroom 't is he that offers up our Prayers as sweet Insense to the Father he is the Author and Finisher of our Faith he is the Covenant it self our Head our Mediator our Priest our King our Prophet our Surety our Shepherd our Captain he is made of God unto us wisdom and righteousness sanctification and redemption 1 Cor. 1.30 Christ is all and in all in this Covenant so that his Glory shines forth admirably in it 3dly The Glory of the Holy Ghost the Third Person in the Blessed Trinity shines forth in this Covenant also 1. The Holy Ghost is positively declared in the Gospel to be God St. Peter told Annanias He had not lyed unto Men but to God Act. 5.3 His Sin was against the Holy Spirit and to aggravate it the Apostle told him the Holy Spirit was God to whom he had lyed Ye are the Temple of the Living God as God hath said I will dwell in them and again Know ye not that ye are the Temple of God All acknowledge God in these places referrs to the Holy Ghost moreover we are Baptised in the Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit and so we Dedicate and Devote our selves in Baptism to serve and worship the Holy Ghost as well as the Father and the Son Doth not Paul close his Epistles with a sort of Prayer to the Holy Spirit as well to the Father and to the Son The Grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the Love of God and the Communion of the Holy Ghost be with you all Amen 2. Cor. 14.14 2. As touching his Work and Operations the Holy Spirit convinceth of Sin this is his Office in this Covenant He shall convince the World of sin of righteousness and of judgment John 16.8 9. The Spirit convinces our Souls of the great Evil of Sin as 't is against a Holy Gracious and Good God he convinces the Soul of all Sin of Secret and Heart Sins and particularly of the Sin of Unbelief He shall convince the World of Sin because they believe not in me The Law cannot do this nor the Light within also the Spirit convinceth us of that great Enmity that is in our Hearts naturally against God Rom. 8.7 He convinceth us of the guilt of Sin and of the pollution of Sin the Holy Spirit convinces Sinners of the want of God's Image and shews them how unlike God they are naturally and how much like the Devil the Holy Spirit convinceth Sinners of the Prevalency of Sin His Servants you are to whom you yield your selves up to Obey he convinces of the Danger of Sin of the Soul-killing and damning Power thereof Also The Holy Spirit convinceth us of the want of Righteousness in our selves to justifie us in God's sight and also convinceth us That Christ's Righteousness is able to justifie and save us because Christ thereby went to the Father his Righteousness carryed him to the Father as our Representative and that Righteousness that carried him to the Father as Mediator will bring us thither Who believe in him or are of his Seed 3. The Work and Office of the Spirit in this Covenant is to quicken all that the Father hath given to Christ. 4. The Spirit renews regenerates or renovates our Souls 't is the Spirit that works God's Image in us we are Changed from Glory to Glory even as by the Spirit of the Lord 2. Cor. 3.18 5. The Glory of the Holy Ghost shines forth in the Covenant of Grace â—s our Sanctifier for it is the Spirit that infuses new Habits divine and gracious Qualities in our Souls new Thoughts new Desires new and holy Affections new Delights Joy Peace and Consolation the Spirit is an Earnest of future Glory 't is the Spirit that is our Comforter 't is he that strengthens us and bears up our Souls in Trouble 6. The Holy Spirit puts on the Robe of Righteousness upon us by uniting of our Souls to Jesus Christ. 7. The Holy Ghost works all Grace in us Faith is called the Faith of the Operation of God the
infinite Mercies obligeth me to do but have had many Weaknesses and Infirmities attending me Yet he has made with me an everlasting Covenant Tho' I have broke Covenant with God on my part yet God will perform his Covenant with me my Sins as if he should so say he hath pardoned his Covenant is everlasting on his part he will keep it and the Messiah shall come of the Fruit of my Loins whose Kingdom shall be as a Morning without Clouds c. And his Covenant with me he will not break nor alter the thing that is gone out of his Mouth see Psal. 89.32 33 34. He intimateth that his House or Family God had not made to grow increase or flourish with that Glory Peace and Prosperity as he expected nor had he such clear Evidences of God's gracious Presences and Communion with him in his Soul as he might have had had he not sinned and grieved his Spirit but tho' it was thus yet he saw he was in Covenant with God and in an everlasting Covenant ordered in all things for God's Glory and for his eternal Good and this was all his Hope he foresaw Christ's Blessed Day with whom this Covenant stands fast and this was all his Desire my Soul only hath Comfort in this Covenant and desires to build alone upon it For it is saith he all my Salvation I expect Salvation no other ways 't is not a part of it but the whole of it from First to Last here began my Hope and here I stay my self and will close my Days in the Faith of a dear Redeemer that shall in due time be revealed who is my Lord as well as he shall be according to the Flesh my Son or Off-spring and this shall be accomplished although it do not seem to grow or but small Appearances are manifested as yet either in me or in my House or Family In the Words are Three Parts 1. Something supposed or taken for granted wherein is implyed David's great Grief and Trouble viz. Although my House be not so with God 2. Something asserted which signifies his Faith and Confidence in God Yet he hath made with me an everlasting Covenant ordered in all things and sure 3. A comfortable Inference or Conclusion from thence for this is all my Salvation and all my Desire although he make it not to grow And from hence I shall observe Three Points of Doctrine 1. Doct. That Darkness Troubles and Afflictions with a decay of Grace or spiritual Liveliness may attend the State of Christians sometimes while in his Life which they cannot but acknowledge and mourn under the sight and sence of 2. Doct. That God hath made with True Believers a blessed and well ordered Covenant 3. Doct. That the Covenant of Grace which is made with Believers in Christ is an everlasting Covenant order'd in all things and sure and is the only Spring or Fountain of their Salvation Hope Desire and Consolation both in Life and Death It is the last Proposition or Point of Doctrine I shall now Prosecute judging it may most fitly Answer that which was the chief Design and end of our Honoured Brother deceas'd in chusing this Text to be opened at his Funeral from whence he doubtless found so much Comfort under those grievous Afflictions and Trials in his Life and also at the time of his Death Four Things I purpose to do First Shew you what this Covenant is and with whom it was primarily made and for whom Secondly Open the Excellent Nature of the Covenant of Grace Thirdly Shew how all a Believer's Salvation Hope Desire and Consolation in Life and Death lies in this Covenant Fourthly Shall make some Application of it Beloved This Covenant was Primarily made with Jesus Christ the Second Person of the blessed Trinity as Mediator and as the Root common Head and Representative of all the Elect or all that the Father hath given to Christ we read of Two Covenants an Old and a New a First and a Second a Covenant of Works and a Covenant of Grace The First Covenant was made with the First Adam for himself and his Posterity as the common Head of all Mankind and so also there was a Covenant made with the Second Adam for himself and all those chosen in him or all his Seed and though this Covenant as to Revelation of it is called the Second Covenant yet it was made with Christ for all the Elect Seed before the World began God foreseeing Man would fall from his First Estate and break his Covenant and so plunge himself and all his Posterity under Divine Wrath and Misery Now that there was some Gracious Covenant Transactions between the Father and the Son from before all Worlds about the bringing in and establishment of this blessed Covenant of Grace for the Redemption of Fallen Man appears evident from many Texts of Holy Scripture see that in Zach. 6.12.13 And speak unto him saying thus saith the Lord of Hosts saying Behold the man called the branch and he shall grow up out of his place and he shall build the Temple of the Lord ver 12. Even he shall build the Temple of the Lord and he shall bear the glory and he shall sit and rule upon his throne and he shall be a Priest upon his throne and the counsel of Peace shall be between them both ver 13. I know some understand by them both the Kingly and Priestly Office of Jesus Christ First That as our great High-Priest he should offer the great Sacrifice to God to make an Atonement and Reconciliation for us and rule as King and give Laws and thus say they the Peace made for God's People shall rest between these two viz. The Kingly and Priestly Office of Christ by his Priestly Office he shall make their Peace with God and by his Kingly Office he shall deliver them from the Tyranny of Sin and Satan c. By Priestly Operation and Undertakings he shall expiate Sin and by his Kingly Office he shall subdue and extirpate Sin as a Priest he makes Peace and as a King he maintains that Peace he purchased as a Priest and protects as a King and thus say they the Covenant of Peace is between them both I will not deny but that this may in part be intended in the Text yet I doubt not but by them both is also meant the Persons spoken of viz. The Father and the Son the Lord of Hosts and the Man called the Branch for by them 't is most Congruous certainly to take it for the Persons or the two Parties mentioned and the Covenant of Peace it is plain from other Texts of Scripture was between the Father and the Son although I grant the Son on his part brings it about by his being a Priest and as a King sitting and ruling on his Throne he maintains our Interest compare this with Isa. 49.3 4 5 6. God calls Christ forth by the name of Israel ver 3. Thou art my Servant O
Covenant they call the Covenant of Redemption contains the whole Summ even Matter and Form Condition and Promises of the Covenant of Grace in that Covenant is contained all the Grace God hath promised and which we receive all is obtained upon the Account of Christ's satisfying for our Sins and so all the Promises of Grace and Salvation run to us in him no Love nor Divine Goodness is manifested to us but in and through that Covenant therefore not two but one and the same Covenant so that the Covenant of Grace it appears was made by the Holy God in the Person of the Father with us in the Person of the Son mind that Text Who hath saved us and called us with an holy Calling not according to our Works but according to his own Purpose and Grace which was given to us in Christ Jesus before the Work began 2 Tim. 1.9 But to proceed 2dly I shall open the Excellent Nature of this Glorious and Everlasting Covenant 1. 'T is you have heard all of Grace as it respecteth us tho' Jesus Christ paid dear for it he procured all the Blessings of it for us by his Merits i. e. by his Perfect Obedience and Suffering By Grace ye are saved through Faith and that not of your selves it is the Gift of God Ephes. 2.8 not of Works lest any man should boast for we are his Workmanship created in Christ Jesus to good Works r. 10. not by Works of Righteousness that we have done but by his Mercy he saved us Tit. 3.5 2. 'T is as it appears from hence an Absolute and not a Conditional Covenant not if we do this and that viz get a new Heart and perform the Condition of Gospel-Holiness and Obedience we shall have pardon and â—e justified no but otherwise He that worketh not but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly his Faith is counted for Righteousness Rom. 4.5 all is freely of Grace through Christ's Merit I will take away the Heart of Stone and give them a Heart of Flesh a new Heart I will give them and â— new Spirit I will put within them I will be their God and they shall be my People Now 't is question'd saith Reverend Cotton whether the Promise wherein the Lord giveth himself be Absolute or Conditional Faith to receive Christ is ever upon an Absolute Promise If you will say it is a Promise to a Condition what kind of Condition was it There is no Condition before Faith but a Condition of Misery a lost Condition or if a gracious Condition it is a Condition subsequent not pre-existant no Condition before it whereby a Man can close with Christ and if it was a Condition after Faith unto which the Promise was made then Faith was before and thatsoever followeth Conversion is no ground of Faith but a fruit and Effect of it therefore I say our first coming to Christ cannot be upon a Conditional but an Absolute Promise And indeed saith he if ever the Lord minister Comfort unto any Man true Comfort upon good grounds it is built upon a Promise of Free Grace 〈…〉 be unto Justification received it is true indeed a gracious Quâ—â—â—â—â—tion and a Promise to it may give a good Evidence of its Aposteriore Cotton's Treatise of the New Covenant p. 56 57. and again he saith God doth give himself in working Faith before Faith can be there and therefore it is the Fruit of the Spirit that Faith is wrought in the Soul and this Faith doth receive the Presence of the Lord Jesus Christ himself by his Spirit and doth receive also Justification and Adoption Again saith he a man is passive in his Regeneration as in Generation only the Lord giveth us his Spirit and that doth unite us unto Christ which is received by Faith together with Justification and yet by the Act of Believing we are justified also Gal. 2.26 that is manifested to be justified in our own Consciences p. 55. thus far Mr. Cotton What are we able to do when dead in Sin and Trespasses Can we believe before the Habit is infused from whence the Act proceedeth or move before we have Life or are quickened 3. It is a well ordered Covenant for that Covenant that is ordered in all things is well ordered c. but to make this further manifest I shall shew you that 't is well ordered 1. In respect of God I mean for his Glory in all his glorious Attributes 2. 'T is well order'd in respect of the Glory clear Revelation and Manifestation of the Three Persons in the God-Head that bear witness in Heaven the Father the Word and the Spirit these Three are One in Essence yet three Subsistances 3. 'T is well order'd to confound and destroy the grand Works and Design of the Devil 4. 'T is well order'd in respect of God's Holy Law that the Sanction and Honour of the Law might not be lost or suffer the least Eclipse 5. And lastly 't is well order'd for our good A little briefly to each of these First His Covenant is well order'd in respect had to the Glory of all God's Attributes 1. The Sovereignty of God shines forth gloriously in the Contrivance and bringing in this Covenant for God he having Absolute Dominion for ever over the Works of his Hands to dispose and determine them as seemeth him good and doubtless to manifest his own Sovereignty he created both Angels and Men And part of the first sinning against him he leaves for ever under that Wrath and Misery they brought upon themselves and the other he determined out of his Sovereignty to confirm in their Primitive State And also part of Mankind he left under that Wrath they brought upon themselves by original and actual Iniquity and affords no eternal Redemption to and indeed 't is only Sovereign Grace he afforded a Saviour for any of the Off-spring of fall'n Man for he was not under any Obligation to enter into a Covenant for any of them any more than he was not to redeem the fall'n Angels he would therefore have been just if he had let us all have perished under Sin and his own fearful Wrath as he dealt by them 2dly His infinite Wisdom shines forth in this gracious Covenant and hence the Gospel is called the manifold Wisdom of God Eph. 3.10 which may refer to the whole Oeconomy of our Redemption as also to the several Forms and Manners of God's revealing of it to his Church and People 't is called the Wisdom of God in a Mystery even his hidden Wisdom which was ordained before the World began to our Glory 1 Cor. 2.7 Divine Wisdom hath admirably in this Covenant mixt all the Attributes together with unexpressible Sweetness and exact Harmony that Justice cannot triumph over Mercy nor Mercy glory over Justice but they meet together and sweetly kiss each other and it was infinite Wisdom I say that found out this way therefore 't is hereby wonderfully glorified in the sight of Men and
Angels 3ly God's Divine Love Mercy and Goodness to lost Man to admiration is displayed hereby God so loved the World that he gave his only begotten Son c. Joh. 3.16 rather than Mankind should be utterly lost he will enter into a Covenant with his own Son and substitute him our Mediator Head and Surety to satisfie for our Sins and be made a Curse for us that so by his own Free-Grace through the Redemption that is in Jesus Christ we might be reconciled justified and eternally saved i. e. by his Merits and Righteousness imputed to us there was nothing in Man to oblige God to pity him we were his Enemies when Christ died for us and he offered and propounded this glorious Contrivance of his Wisdom to his Beloved Son in the Covenant of our Peace out of his infinite Love and Goodness as seeing us fall'n and lying in our Blood it was as we were in that woeful Condition he first loved us and as the Effects of that Love entered into a Covenant with the Son for us 4thly His Divine Justice and Infinite Holiness shines forth hereby also that God might be Just and the Justifier of him that believeth in Jesus Rom. 3.26 that is that God might appear to be Just as well as Gracious true God had been just if Mankind had been left for ever under his divine Wrath and Vengeance as it is upon the fall'n Angels but then his Mercy had for ever been veiled and had never appeared to any of his Creatures and yet that Justice might not suffer the least Eclipse or lose any of its Glory Christ shall bear our Sins upon his own Body on the Tree and suffer that Wrath that Justice denounced upon the Sinner for the Breach of the Holy Law God can as soon cease to be God as cease to be Just nor could any Justice or Righteousness justifie us but that which is Pure and Spotless or without Sin Justice is not to be consider'd in God as 't is in Man who can forgive without requiring Satisfaction wherein he hath been wronged The Law was but a Transcript or written Impression of his Holy Nature and discovers what a Righteousness it is we must be found in if we are ever justified in his sight If God had not been gracious he had not accepted of a Substitute and if his Justice had not been satisfyed and his Wrath appeased he had never raised this Substitute from the dead This Crucified Redeemer saith Reverend Charnock only was able to effect this Work he was an infinite Person consisting of a divine and humane Nature the Union of the one gave Value to the Suffering of the other the Word of God was past in his threatning his Justice would demand its right of his Veracity a Sacrifice there must be to repair the Honour of God c. Justice must have Satisfaction the Sinner could not give it without Suffering eternal Punishment Christ then puts himself into our place to free us from the Arrest of Justice So that now God can pardon the Sins of Believers with the Glory of his Righteousness as well as of his Grace and legally justifie a believing Sinner without the least impeachment of his Justice 5thly God's divine Power and Omnipotence also is exalted by this Covenant in his raising up a poor fall'n and lost Creature sunk as low as Hell under the weight of fearful Guilt and Wrath lying under the powers of infernal Spirits to dwell with him in the highest Heavens for ever but God's Power doth not only appear in respect of that glorious Conquest Christ obtain'd over Sin Satan and Death at his Resurrection in the actual Execution and Accomplishment of his holy Compact with the Father without us but also in working in us by his putting forth his Almighty Power in working Faith in our Souls after the same manner that he wrought in Christ when he raised him from the Dead Eph. 1.19 20. he raised us with Christ from the Dead when Christ was rais'd vertually as he was our Head and also doth actually quickens us and raises us up by his Spirit Eph. 2.1 2. destroying those evil and vicious Habits Sin and Satan had infused into us and so bingeth us out of Darkness into Light and from the power of Satan unto God 6thly God's Veracity and Faithfulness shines forth also hereby his threatning is made good upon us in Christ's undergoing Death and the Curse due to us for our Sins as also in making good what he sware to the True David and promised to his Seed in sending of his Son when the fulness of time was come made of a Woman made under the Law to redeem them that were under the Law Gal. 4.4 the Woman's Seed hath bruised the Head of the Serpent so much as to this But Secondly In this Covenant there is a clear Revelation or Manifestation of the Three Persons in the Deity and their Glory doth equally and joyntly shine forth every one acting a part in it under the Old Covenant there was but a dark Discovery of God personally considered tho' it was made known as soon as the Covenant of Grace was manifested to Man in the Gospel is a full Declaration of their distinct Personality the Father sending the Son as a Mediator the Son dying for our Sins and the Spirit sanctifying our Souls the Father by eternal Generation begetting the Son the Son begotten of the Father and the Spirit proceeding from the Father and the Son yet all Three are but one and the same God But to proceed 1. The Glory of God the Father shines forth in the Covenant of Grace for the Father is holden forth as the Primary and efficient Cause in his Wisdom Grace and Love of our Salvation and of all those Blessings of Peace and Reconciliation we have therein All things are of God who hath reconciled us unto himself by Jesus Christ 2 Cor. 5.18 19. God was in Christ reconciling the World to himself Tho' the whole Trinity are concerned in our Salvation yet as our Protestant Writers observe each Person acts a distinct Part in it the Father chose and substituted Christ to do this glorious Work and accepted him in our stead as our Surety and Saviour God the Father prepared him a Body a Body hast thou prepared me Heb. 10.5 he sent him also into the World as our Saviour asserts many times in the Gospel Recorded by St. John the Father anointed him with the Holy Spirit above his fellows to undertake for us in this Covenant the Spirit of the Lord is upon me because he hath anointed me to Preach the Gospel to the poor c. Luk. 4.18 the Father calls him his Servant whom he upheld and strengthened in doing that great Work and he is said to be raised up from the Dead by the Power or Glory of the Father the Father is indeed represented as the injured Person he had therefore the only Right to offer and fix on such Terms
Christ stept in and undertook for us and put his Name into our Bond and Obligation Jesus Christ was made a surety of a better covenant Heb 7.22 Reverend Dr. Owen most excellently resolves this Doubt viz. Whether Christ be a Surety to God for us or of us to God and shews God needs no Surety nor is he capable of having any Surety properly so called neither do we need any on his part to confirm our Faith in him But we on all Accounts stand in need of a Surety for us or on our behalf neither without the interposition of such a Surety saith he could any Covenant between God and us be firm and stable or an everlasting covenant ordered in all things and sure Dr. Owen on the Hebr. 7.22 p. 223. God never broke at first with Man therefore needs to give us now no Surety but we broke and failed in our Covenant with him The First Adam had indeed no Surety and hence it was that he failed therefore God hath found out a way to prevent the like danger of Miscarriage on our part any more And evident it is that God entered into this Covenant with us in Christ before the World began and substituted Christ then in the Covenant our Surety and Mediator c. The Assembly in their Catechism confirm this blessed Doctrine Take their Words Quest. With whom was the Covenant of Grace made Answ. The Covenant of Grace was made with Christ the second Adam and in him with all the Elect. Thus Christ and his Seed are but one Party in the Covenant of Grace as it was primarily made between the Father and Son who was set up from everlasting as our Head And thus in Christ Grace was gave to us before the World began as the Apostle saith 2 Tim. 1.9 Who hath saved us and called us with an holy calling not according to our works but according to his own purpose which was given to us in Christ before the world began Christ therefore became Surety for us to make firm and sure all Covenant Blessing to us indeed if Man could not did not stand but break Covenant with God when he had no Sin no depraved Nature when he had Power to have performed his Covenant with his Maker How unlikely was it that we who are so corrupted so weak and feeble so depraved in every Faculty no Power to do that which is spiritual Good that are attended with such a Body of Sin and Death Rom. 4.24 to undertake to enter into Covenant with God any more or What Reason is there for us to think God would trust us without Security and the Suretyship of another Person whom he knew well could not fail He said That he would lose nothing that was given him none of his Sheep shall perish Joh. 10.38 and ver 28. 2. This Covenant is made upon the unchangeable Decree and Council of God and his Decrees are compared to Mountains of Brass Psal. 89.28 to the 34 My mercy will I keep with him for ever and my covenant shall stand fast with him his seed shall endure for ever c. ver 28 29. My covenant I will not break nor alter the thing that is gone out of my mouth ver 34. If you can break my covenant of the day and night then may also my covenant be broken with David Jer. 33.20 21. 'T is the free Promise of God like the Covenant of Day and Night and this stands upon the Pass of God's eternal Counsel therefore 't is sure 3. 'T is confirmed by the highest Witnesses in Heaven and Earth 1. God the Father is a Witness to it himself he bore Witness to Christ in the Gospel and to every Precept and Promise therefore the Father himself which hath sent me hath born witness of me Joh. 5.37 2. The Son also though the Surety of the Covenant yet he is a Witness to this Gospel-Covenant also tho' this is not so cannot be so among Men i. e. The Surety can be no Witness but 't is otherwise here To this end was I born and to this end came I into the world that I should bear witness unto the truth Joh. 18.37 That he is a King and Head of his Church that he is Mediator and Surety that he is our Saviour and that the Covenant of Salvation is made with him and established in him This he is a Witness of and to these and other great Truths of the Covenant he was Born and came into the World to bear Witness to and he is called The Faithful and True Witness Rev. 1.5 And Jesus said Though I bear record of my self yet my record is true for I know whence I came and whither I go 3. The Holy Apostles were also Witnesses to this New Covenant touching the Truth thereof in the execution declaration and publication of it And we are witnesses of all things that he did Act. 1.39 and again they are called chosen witnesses ver 41. Whatsoever Precept or Promise is made in the Gospel or Threatning they Witnessed to the Truth thereof as well as to the sufferings and resurrection of Christ God speaking of Paul saith he shall be a witness unto me Act. 26.16 4. All those wonderful Miracles our Saviour wrought bear Witness to Christ and the Truth of the Gospel and in them the Holy Spirit is a Witness also as well as many other ways The works that I do they bear witness of me Joh. 5.36 4 thly 'T is a sure Covenant because it was confirmed by Blood even ratified and confirmed by the Blood of the Testator Jesus Christ Certainly that Covenant that is ratified by the Blood of Christ must needs be sure to all the Seed Hence we have for a Sign and Token of this Confirmation the Ordinance of the Lord's Supper This is the Blood of the New Covenant that is shed for you to make Peace for you to procure Justification Reconciliation Pardon of Sin and eternal Life for you and 't is Sealed to you by my Blood This is a Sign or Token of it as if he should so say There is no altering a Covenant that is confirmed by the death of the Testator all the Legacies bequeathed in this Covenant are sure to the Legatees as the Ordinances of Heaven by this means 5 thly The Covenant of Grace is sure and all the Blessings thereof because the Execution of Christ's last Will and Testament is put into the Hands of the Holy Spirit he is the great Executioner of this Covenant I have not time nor room to open this 6 thly The Covenant is sure by vertue of the Promise of God the Father he promised Christ That he should see his Seed This was Abraham's Title to the Blessings of the Covenant of Grace Heb. 6.13 and so to David and in them to all the true Heirs of the same Grace and Promise 't is promised by God that cannot lie to Christ and to us in him For all the Promises of God in Jesus Christ are