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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
england_n lord_n send_v time_n 2,896 5 3.2333 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A54581 The obligation resulting from the Oath of Supremacy to assist and defend the pre-eminence or prerogative of the dispensative power belonging to the King, his heirs and successors. In the asserting of that power various historical passages occurring in the usurpation after the year 1641. are occasionally mentioned; and an account is given at large of the progress of the power of dispensing as to acts of Parliament about religion since the reformation; and of divers judgments of Parliaments declaring their approbation of the exercise of such power, and particularly in what concerns the punishment of disability, or incapacity. Pett, Peter, Sir, 1630-1699. 1687 (1687) Wing P1884; ESTC R218916 193,183 151

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the_o
disability_n of_o a_o whole_a three_o estate_n as_o to_o bear_v secular_a office_n do_v not_o stand_v in_o the_o way_n of_o prerogative_n i_o have_v read_v it_o in_o fuller_n church-history_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1350._o the_o lord_n and_o commons_o in_o parliament_n do_v find_v themselves_o aggrieve_v that_o the_o clergyman_n engross_v all_o secular_a office_n and_o thereupon_o present_v the_o ensue_a petition_n to_o the_o king_n according_a to_o this_o effect_n insist_v only_o in_o the_o substance_n thereof_o viz._n and_o because_o that_o in_o this_o present_a parliament_n it_o be_v tertii_fw-la declare_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n by_o all_o the_o earl_n baron_n and_o commons_o of_o england_n that_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingd●…m_n have_v be_v perform_v a_o long_a time_n by_o the_o man_n of_o holy_a church_n which_o be_v not_o justifyable_a in_o all_o case_n whereby_o great_a mischief_n and_o damage_n have_v happen_v in_o it_o time_n past_a and_o more_o may_v happen_v in_o time_n to_o come_v in_o disherit_v of_o the_o crown_n and_o great_a prejudice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n etc._n etc._n that_o it_o will_v please_v our_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n that_o the_o layman_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n which_o be_v sufficient_a and_o able_a of_o estate_n may_v be_v choose_v for_o these_o and_o that_o no_o other_o person_n be_v hereafter_o make_v chancellor_n treasurer_n clark_n of_o the_o privy-seal_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n chamberlain_n of_o the_o exchequer_n comptroller_n and_o all_o other_o great_a officer_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o say_a kingdom_n and_o that_o these_o thing_n be_v now_o in_o such_o manner_n establish_v in_o form_n aforesaid_a that_o by_o no_o way_n it_o may_v be_v defeat_v or_o any_o thing_n do_v to_o the_o contrary_a in_o any_o time_n to_o come_v save_v to_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n the_o election_n and_o remove_v of_o such_o officer_n but_o that_o always_o they_o be_v layman_n such_o as_o be_v abovesaid_a to_o 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be_v excommunicate_v by_o any_o prelate_n unless_o he_o know_v he_o excommunicate_v by_o god_n so_o with_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v total_o disable_v by_o any_o prince_n from_o serve_v he_o unless_o he_o know_v he_o real_o disable_v by_o god_n and_o especial_o when_o he_o know_v the_o contrary_a and_o that_o the_o service_n of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o clergy_n have_v so_o often_o be_v successful_o employ_v at_o the_o helm_n of_o state_n and_o when_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o clergyman_n council_n some_o of_o the_o most_o profound_a piece_n of_o state-policy_n our_o english_a story_n have_v in_o it_o be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o clergyman_n officiate_a in_o their_o prince_n counsel_n and_o as_o for_o example_n when_o by_o the_o figure_n that_o bishop_n morton_n make_v at_o the_o helm_n he_o do_v make_v up_o the_o dismal_a breach_n and_o unite_v the_o two_o house_n of_o york_n and_o lancaster_n in_o the_o happy_a marriage_n 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hatton_n
the_o obligation_n result_v from_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n to_o assist_v and_o defend_v the_o pre-eminence_n or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o dispensative_a power_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o the_o assert_v of_o that_o power_n various_a historical_a passage_n occur_v in_o the_o usurpation_n after_o the_o year_n 1641._o be_v occasional_o mention_v and_o a_o account_n be_v give_v at_o large_a of_o the_o progress_n of_o the_o power_n of_o dispense_v as_o to_o act_n of_o parliament_n about_o religion_n since_o the_o reformation_n and_o of_o divers_a judgement_n of_o parliament_n declare_v their_o approbation_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o such_o power_n and_o particular_o in_o what_o concern_v the_o punishment_n of_o disability_n or_o incapacity_n prince_n be_v supreme_a over_o person_n not_o over_o thing_n this_o be_v the_o supreme_a power_n of_o prince_n which_o we_o teach_v that_o they_o be_v god_n minister_n in_o their_o own_o dominion_n bear_v 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of_o the_o sea_n of_o time_n where_o they_o lie_v so_o long_o useless_a and_o neglect_a and_o now_o happen_v to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o those_o moral_a office_n beforementioned_a will_v by_o the_o so_o many_o in_o that_o kingdom_n devote_v to_o consummate_v obedience_n and_o loyalty_n be_v more_o value_v than_o if_o i_o can_v have_v import_v into_o that_o realm_n another_o such_o treasure_n as_o that_o which_o lie_v so_o long_o bury_v in_o the_o ocean_n near_o the_o bahama_n island_n and_o that_o whoever_o contribute_v to_o your_o loyal_a country_n any_o substantial_a notion_n that_o may_v enrich_v it_o in_o the_o discharge_n of_o the_o duty_n of_o the_o bear_v and_o swear_v allegiance_n will_v be_v esteem_v there_o as_o some_o way_n share_v in_o the_o honour_n of_o arauna_n in_o give_v like_o a_o king_n to_o a_o king._n long_o may_v your_o great_a master_n live_v happy_a in_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o faithful_a service_n of_o so_o vigilant_a a_o minister_n as_o your_o lordship_n who_o by_o the_o universality_n of_o your_o knowledge_n accompany_v with_o universal_a charity_n for_o all_o mankind_n have_v appear_v to_o be_v bear_v as_o i_o may_v say_v for_o the_o time_n of_o his_o most_o glorious_a reign_n the_o time_n choose_v by_o heaven_n for_o mercy_n triumph_v on_o earth_n nothing_o vulgar_a be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o a_o person_n of_o your_o lordship_n extraordinary_a intellectual_a and_o moral_a endowment_n and_o in_o who_o the_o loyalty_n and_o other_o virtue_n of_o your_o many_o noble_a ancestor_n have_v as_o it_o be_v live_v extraduce_v and_o the_o world_n will_v be_v unjust_a to_o you_o if_o it_o acknowledge_v not_o its_o great_a expectation_n answer_v by_o your_o great_a performance_n and_o particular_o by_o your_o have_v be_v so_o eminent_o ministerial_a in_o the_o ease_v both_o the_o care_n of_o your_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o his_o subject_n too_o by_o the_o figure_n you_o have_v make_v in_o promote_a the_o ease_n of_o his_o people_n conscience_n and_o in_o further_a ennobling_n and_o endear_n the_o name_n of_o drummond_n by_o your_o lordship_n prosecute_n that_o by_o the_o bravery_n of_o action_n which_o the_o historian_n of_o that_o your_o name_n do_v by_o word_n when_o he_o transmit_v to_o posterity_n the_o most_o christian_n and_o statesman-like_a speech_n of_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n i_o know_v extant_a and_o as_o speak_v by_o a_o roman-catholick_n councillor_n in_o scotland_n to_o king_n james_n the_o five_o i_o most_o humble_o kiss_v your_o lordship_n hand_n and_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n most_o obedient_a servant_n p._n p._n the_o obligation_n result_v from_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n to_o assist_v and_o defend_v the_o pre-eminence_n or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o dispensative_a power_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n etc._n etc._n part_n i_o a._n in_o this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n so_o natural_o of_o old_a addict_v to_o religion_n and_o vehemence_n in_o it_o as_o to_o give_v a_o bishop_n of_o rome_n cause_n to_o complain_v he_o have_v more_o trouble_v give_v he_o by_o application_n from_o england_n about_o it_o then_o from_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o and_o afterward_o to_o make_v geneva_n wonder_v at_o the_o sabbatarian_o here_o exceed_v the_o jewish_a strictness_n and_o to_o cause_n barclay_n in_o his_o eupho●…mio_n to_o say_v of_o the_o english_a nec_fw-la quicqúam_fw-la in_o numinis_fw-la cultu_fw-la modicum_fw-la possunt_fw-la and_o that_o our_o several_a sect_n think_v unos_fw-la se_fw-la coelestium_fw-la rerum_fw-la participes_fw-la exortes_fw-la coeteros_fw-la omnes_fw-la esse_fw-la do_v you_o ever_o observe_v hear_v or_o read_v of_o the_o style_n of_o tenderness_n of_o conscience_n so_o much_o use_v as_o in_o the_o year_n 41._o and_o sometime_o afterward_o b._n i_o have_v not_o from_o the_o date_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o be_v declaration_n to_o all_o his_o love_a subject_n about_o that_o time_n wherein_o he_o speak_v of_o his_o care_n for_o exemption_n of_o tender_a conscience_n till_o the_o date_n of_o king_n charles_n the_o second_v declaration_n from_o breda_n wherein_o the_o liberty_n of_o tender_a conscience_n be_v provide_v for_o the_o clause_n of_o ease_v tender_a conscience_n run_v through_o the_o message_n address_n and_o answer_n that_o pass_v between_o king_n and_o parliament_n almost_o as_o much_o as_o the_o clause_n of_o proponentibus_fw-la legatis_fw-la do_v run_v through_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n a._n but_o be_v not_o their_o conscience_n extreme_o erroneous_a who_o think_v themselves_o bind_v then_o to_o advance_v religion_n by_o war_n b._n a●…_n and_o by_o a_o civil_a war_n as_o you_o may_v have_v add_v against_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o tender_a conscience_n imaginable_a for_o that_o character_n he_o have_v from_o a_o archbishop_n in_o his_o speech_n in_o the_o parliament_n of_o 40_o who_o say_v our_o sovereign_n be_v i_o will_v not_o say_v above_o other_o prince_n but_o above_o all_o christian_a man_n that_o ever_o i_o know_v
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shall_v enjoin_v they_o so_o to_o do_v a._n you_o do_v indeed_o make_v i_o wonder_v at_o this_o great_a example_n of_o the_o tenderness_n and_o extent_n of_o loyal_a obedience_n in_o scotland_n b._n i_o can_v tell_v you_o of_o another_o act_n of_o parliament_n viz._n the_o 5_o act_n of_o the_o second_o session_n of_o the_o second_o parliament_n of_o k._n charles_n the_o second_o edinburgh_n 13._o august_n the_o act_n against_o conventicle_n where_o their_o very_a zeal_n against_o they_o be_v a_o wall_n of_o fire_n to_o guard_v the_o dispensative_a power_n the_o act_n run_v thus_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o assemble_v and_o convocate_a his_o majesty_n subject_n without_o his_o majesty_n warrant_n and_o authority_n be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a and_o unlawful_a practice_n prohibit_v and_o discharge_v by_o several_a law_n and_o act_n of_o parliament_n under_o high_a and_o great_a pain_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o suppress_n and_o prevent_v of_o which_o for_o the_o time_n to_o come_v his_o majesty_n with_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o his_o estate_n of_o parliament_n have_v thought_n sit_v to_o statute_n and_o enact_v etc._n etc._n that_o no_o out_v minister_n who_o be_v not_o license_v by_o the_o council_n person_n not_o authorize_v or_o tolerate_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n presume_v to_o preach_v expound_v scripture_n or_o pray_v in_o any_o meeting_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o none_o be_v present_a at_o any_o meeting_n without_o the_o family_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v where_o any_o not_o license_v authorize_v nor_o tolerate_v as_o say_v be_v shall_v preach_v expound_v scripture_n or_o pray_v etc._n etc._n a._n the_o act_n for_o uniformity_n here_o 16_o car._n 2._o do_v justice_n to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o dispense_n by_o take_v care_n that_o the_o penalty_n in_o it_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o foreigner_n or_o alien_n of_o the_o forriegn_a reform_a church_n allow_v or_o to_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o king_n
majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n in_o england_n and_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o they_o with_o non-obstante's_a to_o all_o act_n of_o parliament_n b._n and_o the_o act_n 22_o o_o car._n 2._o entitle_v seditious_a conventicle_n prevent_v and_o suppress_v pass_v in_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n in_o the_o same_o year_n that_o the_o act_n against_o conventicle_n do_v in_o scotland_n and_o conclude_v with_o a_o proviso_n that_o nothing_o therein_o contain_v shall_v extend_v to_o invalidate_v or_o avoid_v his_o majesty_n supremacy_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n but_o that_o his_o majesty_n and_o his_o heir_n and_o successor_n may_v from_o time_n to_o time_n etc._n etc._n exercise_n and_o enjoy_v all_o power_n and_o authority_n in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n etc._n etc._n any_o thing_n in_o this_o act_n notwithstanding_o show_v such_o a_o concordant_a sympathy_n between_o the_o two_o realm_n in_o tenderness_n for_o the_o prerogative_n of_o dispense_n with_o the_o penal_a law_n ecclesiastical_a as_o be_v between_o the_o string_n of_o two_o distant_a lute_n on_o the_o touch_v the_o string_n but_o of_o one_o of_o they_o but_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o though_o by_o this_o proviso_n the_o benefit_n of_o the_o dispensative_a power_n have_v be_v sufficient_o secure_v to_o the_o church_n of_o foreigner_n here_o and_o the_o king_n be_v ecclesiastical_a supremacy_n justify_v in_o its_o power_n of_o indulge_v the_o conventicle_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o recusant_n yet_o as_o in_o the_o scotch_a act_n the_o crown_n be_v dispense_n with_o conventicle_n have_v be_v more_o express_a than_o in_o the_o english_a act_n so_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o prerogative_n in_o that_o kind_n be_v more_o tender_o and_o signal_o exercise_v in_o scotland_n than_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o to_o be_v in_o england_n for_o i_o find_v in_o a_o look_v call_v a_o compendious_a history_n of_o the_o m●…st_o remarkable_a passage_n of_o the_o last_o 14_o year_n etc._n etc._n print_v an._n 1680._o that_o in_o p._n 205._o the_o author_n refer_v to_o the_o month_n of_o july_n 1677._o say_v that_o upon_o a_o rebellion_n in_o that_o kingdom_n be_v nip_v in_o the_o bud_n his_o majesty_n be_v please_v to_o publish_v a_o proclamation_n command_v the_o judge_n and_o all_o magistrate_n to_o apprehend_v and_o punish_v all_o such_o as_o frequent_v any_o field-conventicle_n etc._n etc._n according_a to_o the_o prescript_n of_o the_o law_n as_o also_o to_o prosecute_v with_o all_o legal_a rigour_n the_o execrable_a murderer_n of_o the_o late_a archbishop_n of_o st._n andrews_n declare_v withal_o that_o his_o majesty_n be_v desirous_a to_o reclaim_v all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v mislead_v through_o ignorance_n or_o blind_a zeal_n have_v according_a to_o the_o power_n reserve_v to_o his_o majesty_n by_o the_o 5_o act_n in_o the_o 2d_o session_n of_o the_o 2d_o parliament_n suspend_v the_o execution_n of_o all_o law_n and_o act_n against_o such_o as_o frequent_a house-conventicle_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n tay_n except_v the_o town_n of_o edinburgh_n and_o two_o mile_n round_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o truth_n be_v it_o must_v likewise_o be_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o that_o nation_n acknowledge_v that_o in_o the_o worst_a of_o time_n they_o after_o their_o covenant_n do_v not_o contract_v any_o such_o guilt_n of_o perjury_n by_o a_o superfetation_n of_o enterfer_v oath_n as_o great_a number_n of_o our_o land_n do_v and_o that_o they_o be_v exemplary_a to_o england_n in_o loyalty_n and_o in_o prop_v up_o the_o hereditary_a monarchy_n while_o so_o many_o here_o in_o the_o plott-conjuncture_a be_v infatuate_v with_o the_o project_n of_o the_o exclusion_n as_o to_o give_v i_o occasion_n by_o a_o fresh_a instance_n and_o but_o of_o yesterday_n occurrence_n to_o invite_v you_o to_o behold_v a_o spectacle_n of_o the_o divine_a justice_n in_o abandon_v such_o man_n here_o to_o the_o guilt_n of_o superstition_n who_o use_v unjust_a mean_n to_o extirpate_v it_o such_o among_o we_o who_o have_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o english_a and_o scotch_a saint_n ligue_n and_o its_o be_v so_o general_o explode_v and_o who_o in_o the_o late_a ferment_n about_o popery_n will_v have_v fortify_v a_o exclusion_n with_o a_o association_n and_o again_o set_v up_o association_n as_o of_o divine-off-spring_n you_o see_v how_o be_v wild_a with_o excessive_a fear_n and_o jealousy_n of_o the_o growth_n of_o popery_n they_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o superstition_n of_o sound_v dominion_n in_o grace_n a._n consider_v how_o man_n here_o have_v laugh_v at_o the_o obligation_n of_o their_o lawful_a oath_n and_o that_o for_o unlawful_a oath_n a_o land_n mourn_v methinks_v it_o be_v a_o adventurous_a thing_n for_o a_o prince_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o inheritance_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o such_o a_o land_n so_o encumber_a with_o the_o guilt_n of_o swear_v and_o forswear_n o_o when_o may_v we_o see_v that_o ancient_a general_a tenderness_n in_o point_n of_o oath_n here_o that_o flourish_v among_o we_o in_o the_o day_n of_o our_o first_o reformation_n nay_o even_o in_o some_o time_n of_o our_o roman_a catholic_n ancestor_n b._n i_o believe_v never_o till_o after_o all_o the_o live_n here_o be_v resolve_v to_o dust_n and_o a_o new_a race_n of_o mankind_n enrich_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n by_o the_o culture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o manufacture_n man_n shall_v be_v above_o temptation_n from_o necessity_n to_o take_v god_n name_n in_o vain_a and_o when_o the_o very_a use_n of_o oath_n assertory_n or_o promissory_a will_v be_v dispense_v with_o by_o nature_n i_o be_o sure_a the_o spectacle_n of_o mangle_a and_o slaughter_a body_n cover_v a_o field_n immediate_o after_o a_o battle_n have_v not_o more_o horror_n in_o it_o than_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o conscience_n mai'md_v and_o wound_v by_o the_o inobservance_n of_o public_a oath_n have_v be_v since_o the_o aera_fw-la of_o 41._o and_o as_o our_o chronicle_n mention_v that_o they_o who_o be_v bear_v in_o england_n the_o year_n after_o the_o great_a mortality_n an._n 1349._o want_v some_o of_o their_o cheek_n tooth_n i_o may_v say_v that_o general_o they_o who_o have_v be_v bear_v here_o the_o year_n after_o 41._o wherein_o the_o plague_n of_o perjury_n by_o the_o outrage_a those_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n be_v so_o epidemical_a have_v seem_v able_a only_o to_o swallow_v those_o oath_n but_o not_o to_o ●…hew_v upon_o they_o in_o serious_a and_o considerate_a thought_n no_o not_o at_o the_o very_a frequent_a time_n of_o their_o take_v they_o and_o still_o though_o in_o speculative_a point_n in_o england_n consulitur_fw-la de_fw-la religione_fw-la yet_o conclamatum_fw-la est_fw-la as_o to_o a_o general_a tender_a regard_n to_o the_o religion_n of_o those_o oath_n there_o be_v i_o think_v a_o want_n of_o tenderness_n in_o some_o as_o to_o their_o swear_a assist_v and_o defend_v all_o the_o privilege_n and_o preeminence_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n during_o the_o late_a ferment_n about_o my_o lord_n danby_n pardon_n and_o i_o may_v more_o sad_o reflect_v on_o the_o same_o man_n want_n of_o recollect_v their_o oath_n oblige_v they_o to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ferment_n about_o the_o exclusion_n a._n i_o think_v that_o many_o who_o by_o repentance_n have_v be_v cure_v of_o the_o epidemical_a plague_n of_o perjury_n that_o rege_v here_o in_o 41._o and_o of_o such_o a_o plague_n and_o another_o of_o fear_n and_o jealousy_n since_o 81_o have_v yet_o sustain_v more_o damage_n thereby_o than_o they_o who_o be_v bear_v the_o year_n after_o 1349_o do_v in_o want_v some_o of_o their_o cheek_n tooth_n and_o that_o their_o case_n be_v like_a that_o of_o those_o who_o be_v recover_v of_o the_o great_a plague_n at_o athens_n that_o thucydides_n have_v describe_v and_o who_o tell_v we_o that_o after_o their_o recovery_n their_o soul_n have_v lose_v the_o faculty_n of_o memory_n and_o be_v doze_v with_o a_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d about_o what_o themselves_o have_v do_v or_o what_o have_v pass_v in_o the_o world_n during_o the_o horror_n of_o that_o very_a plague_n or_o before_o or_o since_o but_o after_o all_o this_o say_v i_o be_o to_o ask_v you_o if_o you_o will_v make_v all_o those_o perjure_v who_o have_v take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n promote_v the_o exclusion_n b._n by_o no_o mean_n i_o have_v more_o humanity_n and_o christian_a charity_n then_o to_o do_v so_o i_o shall_v here_o observe_v to_o you_o that_o divine_n in_o their_o measure_n of_o man_n sinful_a action_n do_v often_o make_v use_n of_o the_o distinction_n of_o materialiter_fw-la and_o formaliter_fw-la thus_o for_o example_n aim_n in_o his_o case_n of_o conscience_n l._n 5._o c._n 53._o si_fw-mi quis_fw-la falsum_fw-la dicit_fw-la putans_fw-la esse_fw-la verum_fw-la mentitur_fw-la tantum_fw-la
conscience_n and_o who_o may_v thereby_o think_v that_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o ejus_fw-la est_fw-la interpretari_fw-la cujus_fw-la est_fw-la condere_fw-la that_o the_o oath_n of_o supremacy_n enjoin_v by_o parliament_n 1_o o_o elizabethoe_n can_v not_o receive_v a_o interpretation_n but_o from_o the_o queen_n in_o parliament_n and_o that_o that_o consideration_n may_v therefore_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o queen_n interpret_n be_v approve_v or_o declare_v good_a by_o the_o parliament_n in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o her_o reign_n b._n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o that_o as_o to_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o queen_n power_n to_o interpret_v the_o oath_n by_o her_o sole_a authority_n it_o appear_v not_o that_o the_o proviso_n in_o the_o statute_n of_o 5_o eliz._n do_v in_o the_o least_o arise_v from_o any_o such_o scruple_n and_o so_o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr apparentibus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o here_o without_o trouble_v you_o with_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o royal_a assent_n create_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o law_n and_o by_o the_o word_n of_o le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr le_fw-fr veult_n after_o the_o body_n of_o it_o have_v be_v prepare_v by_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o that_o the_o three_o estate_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v to_o interpret_v a_o law_n that_o be_v once_o make_v and_o according_o as_o sir_n c._n hatton_n former_o lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o their_o exposition_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o assembly_n of_o parliament_n be_v end_v functi_fw-la sunt_fw-la officio_fw-la and_o speak_v particular_o of_o those_o of_o the_o low_a house_n say_v their_o authority_n be_v return_v to_o the_o elector_n so_o clear_o that_o if_o they_o be_v all_o together_o assemble_v again_o for_o interpretation_n by_o a_o voluntary_a meeting_n eorum_fw-la non_fw-la esset_fw-la interpretari_fw-la etc._n etc._n i_o shall_v once_o for_o all_o observe_v to_o you_o that_o our_o monarch_n when_o in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o prerogative_n inherent_a in_o they_o and_o inseparable_a from_o they_o relate_v to_o matter_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n the_o coin_n of_o money_n or_o the_o dispense_v in_o matter_n civil_a or_o ecclesiastical_a they_o condescend_v to_o have_v the_o same_o in_o particular_a ●…ases_n approve_v or_o strength●…ned_v by_o parliament_n be_v no_o more_o deprive_v of_o their_o sole_a supremacy_n therein_o than_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v devest_v of_o its_o heat_n and_o light_n by_o diffuse_v the_o same_o through_o the_o air._n but_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v to_o you_o that_o the_o apparent_a cause_n in_o the_o proviso_n of_o 5_o o_o elizabethoe_n whereby_o the_o queen_n interpretation_n be_v enact_v be_v the_o better_a to_o transmit_v the_o obligatoriness_n of_o the_o interpretation_n in_o point_n of_o conscience_n beyond_o her_o life_n and_o to_o the_o reign_v of_o her_o heir_n and_o successor_n and_o to_o bind_v we_o who_o live_v now_o to_o 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justice_n the_o sheriff_n etc._n etc._n be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v alter_v and_o enlarge_v but_o that_o be_v do_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n for_o further_a proof_n whereof_o see_v the_o statute_n here_o quote_v i._o e._n those_o refer_v to_o in_o his_o margin_n and_o it_o shall_v evident_o appear_v that_o no_o old_a oath_n can_v be_v alter_v or_o new_a oath_n raise_v without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n i_o have_v only_o here_o refer_v you_o to_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n a_o reign_n that_o the_o royal_a martyr_n in_o p._n 3._o of_o his_o declaration_n to_o all_o his_o love_a subject_n of_o aug._n 12._o 1642._o refer_v to_o with_o so_o much_o honour_n by_o say_v we_o declare_v our_o resolution_n etc._n etc._n and_o desire_v that_o whatsoever_o mistake_v have_v grow_v in_o the_o government_n either_o of_o church_n or_o state_n may_v be_v remove_v and_o all_o thing_n reduce_v to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o time_n the_o memory_n whereof_o be_v just_o precious_a to_o this_o nation_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n etc._n etc._n and_o do_v leave_v it_o to_o you_o to_o consider_v how_o great_a the_o power_n of_o interpretation_n of_o law_n be_v in_o itself_o a_o power_n almost_o infinite_o great_a than_o the_o discharge_n either_o the_o obligation_n of_o some_o penal_a law_n or_o their_o penalty_n pro_fw-la hic_fw-la &_o nu_fw-la c_o and_o as_o to_o some_o particular_a person_n as_o any_o one_o will_v grant_v who_o have_v see_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o power_n of_o interpret_n in_o the_o canon_n law_n where_o the_o glossa_fw-la ad_fw-la cap._n statuimus_fw-la 4._o distinct._n 4._o give_v we_o this_o interpretation_n of_o statuimus_fw-la statuimus_fw-la i._n e._n abrogamus_fw-la and_o i_o can_v for_o this_o purpose_n t●…ll_v you_o that_o bartol●…s_v in_o his_o tractatus_fw-la testimoniorum_fw-la speak_v of_o the_o imperial_a power_n concedendi_fw-la veniam_fw-la oetatis_fw-la say_v carolus_n quar●…us_fw-la sanctissimus_fw-la &_o nebilissimus_fw-la imperator_fw-la inter_fw-la 〈◊〉_d mult●…_n concessit_fw-la ut_fw-la ego_fw-la meique_fw-la descendentes_fw-la quos_fw-la legibús_fw-la d●…los_fw-la esse_fw-la contigerit_fw-la per_fw-la un_fw-fr versum_fw-la imperium_fw-la oetatis_fw-la ven●…am_fw-la concedere_fw-la vale●…mus_fw-la servatam_fw-la formam_fw-la quoe_fw-la legibus_fw-la reperitur_fw-la ins●…rta_fw-la and_o whereby_o you_o see_v that_o a_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o incapaci●…y_n be_v by_o the_o prince_n give_v as_o a_o inheritance_n but_o none_o can_v imagine_v that_o the_o power_n of_o interpret_n law_n can_v be_v so_o confer_v so_o that_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n non_fw-la debet_fw-la cui_fw-la plus_fw-la licet_fw-la quond_fw-fr minus_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la licere_fw-la you_o ne●…d_v not_o w●…nder_v at_o the_o prince_n dispense_n with_o incapacity_n in_o particular_a case_n who_o you_o have_v see_v interpret_n law_n and_o you_o may_v consider_v that_o if_o the_o queen_n do_v contrary_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o law_n refer_v to_o in_o my_o lord_n coke_n by_o her_o sole_a supreme_a ecclesiastical_a authority_n seem_v to_o alter_v the_o interpretation_n of_o a_o stature_n oath_n for_o the_o better_a what_o she_o do_v find_v afterward_o its_o approbation_n in_o parliament_n and_o in_o fine_a i_o leave_v it_o to_o you_o to_o consider_v how_o much_o the_o power_n of_o dispense_n with_o any_o law_n may_v be_v think_v coincident_a with_o interpret_n since_o as_o i_o shall_v some_o other_o time_n show_v you_o at_o large_a that_o the_o dispense_n with_o law_n be_v in_o effect_n the_o equitable_a interpret_n that_o in_o such_o and_o such_o case_n and_o circumstance_n they_o be_v not_o intend_v and_o ought_v not_o to_o bind_v but_o aught_o to_o be_v relax_v and_o now_o i_o must_v take_v the_o occasion_n offer_v i_o to_o give_v you_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o queen_n dispensative_a power_n both_o of_o the_o interpretation_n of_o this_o oath_n and_o of_o 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some_o man_n mind_n be_v involve_v in_o they_o can_v no_o more_o alter_v their_o belief_n about_o transubstantiation_n than_o they_o can_v transubstantiate_v themselves_o into_o other_o creature_n and_o be_v under_o a_o moral_a incapacity_n of_o prevent_v another_o incur_v by_o law._n and_o therefore_o as_o it_o will_v be_v injustice_n in_o a_o judge_n to_o punish_v a_o man_n for_o the_o error_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o he_o know_v not_o to_o be_v voluntary_a and_o for_o a_o man_n be_v not_o put_v himself_o into_o a_o capacity_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n by_o the_o profess_v of_o the_o truth_n in_o problematical_a point_n when_o the_o king_n of_o king_n have_v by_o the_o not_o sufficient_a promulgate_a of_o such_o truth_n to_o his_o understanding_n render_v he_o innocent_a in_o his_o disbelief_n thereof_o and_o so_o long_o moral_o uncapable_a to_o profess_v it_o so_o by_o one_o man_n after_o another_o appear_v thus_o unable_a to_o qualify_v himself_o to_o serve_v the_o king_n he_o 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not_o allow_v long_o before_o the_o rescript_n of_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n to_o henry_n the_o 8_o a._n 1534._o mention_v that_o he_o be_v next_o under_o god_n their_o happy_a and_o supreme_a moderator_n and_o governor_n and_o on_o which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o parliament_n house_n a_o act_n pass_v whereby_o the_o king_n be_v declare_v supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o church_n and_o long_o before_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o parliament_n 16._o r._n 2._o c._n 5._o that_o the_o crown_n ●…t_fw-fr england_n have_v be_v so_o free_a at_o all_o time_n that_o it_o have_v be_v in_o no_o earthly_a subjection_n but_o immediate_o subject_a to_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n touch_v the_o regality_n of_o the_o same_o crown_n and_o to_o none_o other_o and_o long_a before_o bracton_n writing_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o h._n 3._o omnis_fw-la quidem_fw-la sub_fw-la rege_fw-la &_o ipse_fw-la sub_fw-la nullo_n sed_fw-la tantum_fw-la sub_fw-la deo_fw-la and_o ipse_fw-la autem_fw-la 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you_o may_v there_o read_v it_o in_o p._n 44._o that_o some_o private_a article_n be_v agree_v on_o and_o probable_o be_v swear_v to_o by_o the_o same_o person_n that_o the_o other_o general_a one_o be_v and_o of_o which_o private_a one_o the_o first_o be_v in_o short_a that_o none_o of_o the_o penal_a law_n against_o roman_a catholic_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n hereafter_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n but_o you_o may_v thus_o see_v it_o at_o large_a viz._n that_o particular_a law_n make_v against_o roman_a catholic_n under_o which_o other_o subject_n of_o our_o realm_n be_v not_o comprehend_v and_o to_o who_o observation_n all_o general_o be_v not_o oblige_v as_o likewise_o general_a law_n under_o which_o all_o be_v equal_o comprise_v if_o so_o be_v they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o romish_a religion_n shall_v not_o at_o any_o time_n hereafter_o by_o any_o mean_n or_o chance_n whatsoever_o direct_o or_o indirect_o be_v command_v to_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n 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●…s_v to_o the_o roman-catholic_n if_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n and_o that_o hereafter_o we_o will_v not_o consent_v that_o the_o say_a parliament_n shall_v ever_o at_o any_o time_n enact_v or_o write_v any_o other_o new_a law_n against_o roman-catholic_n we_o account_v all_o and_o singular_a the_o precede_a article_n ratify_v and_o accept_v out_o of_o certain_a knowledge_n as_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v we_o our_o heir_n or_o successor_n approve_v ratify_v applaud_v and_o promise_n bon●…_n fide_fw-la and_o in_o the_o word_n of_o a_o king_n by_o these_o present_v inviolable_o firm_o well_o and_o faithful_o to_o keep_v observe_v and_o fulfil_v the_o same_o and_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v observe_v and_o fulfil_v without_o any_o exception_n or_o contradiction_n and_o do_v confirm_v the_o same_o by_o oath_n upon_o the_o holy_a evangelist_n notwithstanding_o any_o opinion_n sentence_n or_o law_n whatsoever_o to_o the_o contrary_a in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a don_n john_n de_fw-fr mendoza_n marquis_n of_o inojosa_n and_o don_n charles_n coloma_n extraordinary_a ambassador_n of_o the_o catholic_n king_n of_o george_n calvert_n knight_n one_o of_o our_o chief_a secretary_n of_o edward_n conway_n knight_n another_o of_o our_o chief_a secretary_n of_o francis_n cottington_n baronet_n of_o the_o privy_a council_n to_o our_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o francis_n de_fw-fr corondelet_n apostolical_a or_o the_o pope_n prothonotary_n and_o archdeacon_n of_o cambray_n date_v at_o our_o palace_n at_o westminster_n the_o 20_o day_n of_o july_n 1623._o in_o the_o english_a style_n jacobus_n rex_fw-la a_o compare_v and_o true_a copy_n george_n calvert_n chief_a secretary_n the_o form_n of_o the_o oath_n which_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n take_v to_o the_o former_a article_n be_v this_o which_o follow_v find_v among_o the_o lord_n cottington_n paper_n formula_fw-la juramenti_fw-la à_fw-la consiliariis_fw-la praestandi_fw-la ego_fw-la n._n juro_fw-la i_o debitè_fw-fr plenéque_fw-la observaturum_fw-la quantum_fw-la ad_fw-la i_o spectat_fw-la omnes_fw-la &_o singulos_fw-la articulos_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o tractatu_fw-la matrimonii_fw-la inter_fw-la serenissimum_fw-la carolum_fw-la walliae_fw-la principem_fw-la &_o serenissimam_fw-la dominam_fw-la do●…nam_fw-la mariam_n hispaniarum_fw-la i●…fantem_fw-la continentur_fw-la juro_fw-la etiam_fw-la quod_fw-la neque_fw-la per_fw-la i_o nec_fw-la per_fw-la ministrum_fw-la aliquem_fw-la inferiorem_fw-la mihi_fw-la inservientem_fw-la legem_fw-la ullam_fw-la contra_fw-la quemcunque_fw-la catholicum_fw-la romanum_fw-la conscriptum_fw-la executioni_fw-la mandabo_fw-la aut_fw-la mandari_fw-la faciam_fw-la poenamve_fw-la ullam_fw-la ab_fw-la earum_fw-la aliqua_fw-la irrogatam_fw-la exigam_fw-la sed_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la i_o pertinent_a ordines_fw-la à_fw-la majestate_fw-la sua_fw-la ex_fw-la ea_fw-la parte_fw-la constitutos_fw-la fideliter_fw-la observabo_fw-la thus_o far_o mr._n prynne_n who_o verify_v the_o fact_n abovementioned_a not_o only_o from_o my_o lord_n cottington_n paper_n but_o from_o the_o mercure_n francois_n tom._n 9_o a._n
to_o perform_v the_o condition_n and_o that_o the_o king_n his_o father_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a second_o that_o the_o promise_n of_o marriage_n shall_v be_v present_o make_v etc._n etc._n but_o that_o the_o consummation_n of_o the_o marriage_n shall_v not_o at_o all_o be_v execute_v till_o the_o month_n of_o may_n in_o the_o follow_a year_n 1624._o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v experiment●…lly_o see_v if_o the_o aforesaid_a condition_n require_v by_o his_o holiness_n shall_v be_v faithful_o accomplish_v etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o first_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n take_v a_o oath_n to_o his_o majesty_n to_o observe_v the_o foresay_a condition_n and_o sign_v they_o with_o his_o hand_n and_o he_o likewise_o swear_v and_o sign_v this_o by_o way_n of_o overplus_a to_o permit_v at_o all_o time_n that_o any_o shall_v free_o propose_v to_o he_o the_o argument_n of_o the_o catholick-religion_n without_o give_v any_o impediment_n and_o that_o he_o will_v never_o direct_o nor_o 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the_o agreement_n and_o i_o need_v not_o tell_v you_o that_o their_o be_v swear_v to_o the_o private_a article_n be_v a_o new_a oath_n a._n be_v nothing_o of_o the_o king_n mind_n about_o the_o suspending_a all_o the_o penal_a law_n both_o the_o disable_n one_o and_o other_o against_o the_o papist_n notify_v to_o his_o privy_a council_n before_o the_o year_n 1623._o b._n mr._n prynne_n there_o in_o p._n 30._o say_v that_o for_o the_o hasten_v the_o pope_n dispensation_n for_o the_o match_n king_n james_n as_o the_o french_a mercure_n tom._n 9_o record_n it_o and_o as_o he_o have_v credible_o be_v inform_v of_o from_o other_o assemble_v his_o privy_a council_n together_o febr._n 25._o 1622._o make_v a_o long_a oration_n to_o they_o which_o he_o recite_v at_o large_a the_o sum_n whereof_o be_v this_o that_o the_o roman-catholic_n in_o england_n have_v sustain_v great_a and_o intolerable_a surcharge_v impose_v on_o their_o good_n body_n conscience_n during_o queen_n elizabeth_n reign_n of_o which_o they_o hope_v to_o be_v relieve_v in_o his_o etc._n etc._n that_o now_o he_o have_v mature_o consider_v the_o penury_n and_o calamity_n of_o the_o roman-catholic_n who_o be_v in_o the_o number_n of_o his_o faithful_a subject_n and_o be_v resolve_v to_o relieve_v they_o and_o therefore_o do_v from_o thenceforth_o take_v all_o his_o roman-catholick_n subject_n into_o his_o protection_n permit_v they_o the_o liberty_n and_o entire_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n etc._n etc._n without_o any_o inquisition_n process_n or_o molestation_n from_o that_o day_n forward_o and_o likewise_o will_n and_o ordain_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o all_o their_o estate_n land_n fee_n and_o seignory_n and_o re-establish_v in_o they_o command_v all_o his_o magistrate_n justice_n and_o other_o officer_n whatsoever_o in_o this_o behalf_n to_o hold_v their_o hand_n and_o for_o what_o cause_n soever_o it_o be_v not_o to_o attempt_v hereafter_o to_o grieve_v or_o molest_v the_o say_v catholic_n neither_o in_o public_a nor_o private_a in_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n upon_o pain_n of_o be_v repute_v guilty_a of_o high_a treason_n and_o disturber_n of_o the_o kingdom_n peace_n and_o repose_n this_o be_v his_o will_n and_o definitive_a sentence_n a._n but_o still_o i_o can_v forbear_v wonder_v about_o what_o consideration_n make_v our_o divine_n and_o our_o great_a champion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o england-protestancy_a in_o the_o state_n as_o well_o as_o church_n afterward_o thus_o inclinable_a to_o act_v their_o part_n about_o toleration_n as_o mr._n prynne_n have_v mention_v b._n they_o have_v cause_n enough_o to_o apprehend_v that_o the_o hierarchy_n of_o england_n can_v not_o be_v support_v without_o the_o monarchy_n and_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a growth_n of_o the_o potency_n of_o foreign_a prince_n and_o state_n and_o of_o intestine_a faction_n the_o monarchy_n can_v not_o be_v then_o sufficient_o secure_a without_o a_o foreign_a alliance_n by_o inter-marriage_n and_o that_o where_o such_o alliance_n be_v to_o be_v with_o the_o famili●…s_n of_o roman-catholick_n prince_n there_o can_v be_v no_o expectation_n of_o the_o pope_n relax_v his_o law_n by_o dispense_n without_o our_o prince_n do_v something_o of_o that_o kind_a as_o to_o they_o i_o may_v here_o observe_v to_o you_o that_o we_o be_v tell_v in_o the_o regal_a apology_n that_o the_o oxford_n antiquity_n mention_v to_o have_v be_v write_v by_o dr._n bate_n that_o a_o particular_a toleration_n have_v a_o former_a precedent_n even_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n in_o those_o article_n of_o marriage_n which_o be_v consent_v to_o with_o the_o duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o universal_a toleration_n be_v agree_v on_o by_o king_n james_n it_o be_v intuitu_fw-la majoris_fw-la boni_fw-la the_o palatinate_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v again_o and_o the_o protestant_n of_o germany_n to_o be_v re-enstated_n in_o their_o 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month_n or_o two_o time_n we_o may_v not_o meet_v again_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v be_v glad_a that_o our_o part_n now_o may_v be_v without_o any_o offence_n give_v or_o take_v as_o to_o any_o of_o these_o matter_n premise_v and_o in_o order_n to_o which_o that_o while_o what_o have_v pass_v between_o we_o be_v fresh_a in_o both_o our_o memory_n any_o misunderstanding_n therein_o may_v be_v prevent_v and_o i_o yet_o further_o give_v you_o the_o liberty_n in_o case_n any_o thing_n of_o the_o nature_n aforesaid_a or_o of_o what_o nature_n soever_o shall_v occur_v to_o your_o thought_n after_o we_o be_v part_v which_o we_o have_v discourse_v of_o and_o which_o you_o will_v wish_v better_o consider_v that_o you_o will_v when_o we_o meet_v again_o free_o impart_v it_o to_o i_o and_o when_o if_o you_o can_v show_v i_o that_o i_o in_o any_o thing_n have_v err_v i_o shall_v show_v you_o my_o readiness_n not_o to_o persevere_v therein_o and_o so_o we_o shall_v be_v both_o gainer_n you_o 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thereby_o only_o mean_v b._n i_o must_v caution_n you_o with_o a_o nota_fw-la be_v to_o keep_v in_o your_o mind_n what_o i_o have_v both_o positive_o and_o argumentative_o tell_v you_o in_o obviate_a your_o scruple_n about_o the_o oath_n and_o of_o the_o regal_a power_n of_o interpret_n make_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o oath_n so_o clear_a to_o you_o and_o how_o i_o have_v support_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a conscience_n of_o all_o considerate_a person_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o harry_n the_o 8th_n time_n and_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n in_o edward_n the_o 6th_n by_o show_v you_o that_o their_o sense_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n have_v here_o no_o jurisdiction_n be_v of_o no_o independent_a coactive_a jurisdiction_n when_o they_o take_v the_o old_a oath_n of_o supremacy_n and_o likewise_o of_o those_o of_o the_o church_n of_o england_n who_o in_o queen_n elizabeth_n time_n and_o ever_o since_o take_v the_o new_a one_o and_o i_o need_v not_o tell_v you_o again_o that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 37_o o_o of_o h._n 8._o and_o of_o the_o revival_n of_o it_o by_o queen_n eliz._n and_o wherein_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o archbishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n have_v no_o manner_n of_o jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a but_o by_o under_z and_o from_o his_o royal_a majesty_n both_o harry_n the_o 8_o and_o that_o queen_n and_o the_o judicious_a in_o the_o clergy_n of_o each_o know_v that_o as_o to_o their_o potestas_fw-la ordinis_fw-la which_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o function_n they_o have_v to_o preach_v and_o give_v the_o sacrament_n and_o give_v order_n etc._n etc._n it_o be_v derive_v from_o christ_n to_o the_o apostle_n and_o their_o successor_n and_o that_o so_o likewise_o be_v the_o potestas_fw-la jurisdictionis_fw-la in_o foro_fw-la interno_fw-la and_o that_o therefore_o none_o need_v to_o suppose_v that_o either_o by_o