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A64084 A brief disquisition of the law of nature according to the principles and method laid down in the Reverend Dr. Cumberland's (now Lord Bishop of Peterboroughs) Latin treatise on that subject : as also his confutations of Mr. Hobb's principles put into another method : with the Right Reverend author's approbation. Tyrrell, James, 1642-1718.; Cumberland, Richard, 1631-1718. De legibus naturae disquisitio philosophica. 1692 (1692) Wing T3583; ESTC R23556 190,990 498

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unpunished since this may very well consist with the Publick Peace and safety of the People and may also tend to the Publick good of the Commonwealth since it might not only make men more careful of their Goods but might also serve to make those Boys more crafty secret and undertaking in greater matters when they should come to be men which as Plutarch tells us was the main reason why Licurgus made this Law But does it therefore follow that either the Lacedemonians or Egyptians might have made it Lawful for Thieves and Robbers to assault all mens Persons and take away their Goods by Force or to Rob men of those things such as Food and Rayment which are absolutely necessary for Human Life or that such a Law could ever have been made practicable or have been observed without the absolute dissolution of the Civil Government Whereas if Mr. H. had but considered the distinction between that Natural and Civil Property which we have made out in the first Chap. of the preceding Discourse he had never fallen into this Error of supposing all Theft or Robbery whatsoever to become Lawful if once ordained so by the Supreme Power § 3. I shall give you but one instance more from the Laws of our own Kingdom by which it is enacted That whoever shall relieve a way going Beggar shall forfeit Ten shillings to the Poor of the Parish which Law was made for the Publick Good and to prevent Wandering Idleness and Beggary in the Poorer sort of People But doth it therefore follow that it might be Lawful for the King and Parliament to make a Law against all Charity or Relief of the Poor whatsoever So that you may see that no Civil Laws whatsoever can lay any obligation upon mens Consciences but as they either regard the publick Good of the Commonwealth or the more general good of all Rational Beings § 4. But whether Mr. H. fell into this Error for want of a due knowledge and consideration of this great Law of Nature or else out of a desire to flatter all Civil Sovereigns is hard to determine though it be very suspitious that he did it rather out of design than ignorance since he teaches us in his de Cive and Lev. That Princes being free from all Promises and Compacts to their Subjects may dispose of their Lives and Fortunes at their pleasure and therefore can do them no injury though they treat them never so cruelly because he is in respect of them still in the state of Nature by which means he at once endeavours to destroy all Virtue and Goodness in Princes and all Reverence and Respect in the minds of their Subjects and makes no difference between a Nero or Caligula and a Trajan or an Antonine And consequential to this he likewise makes the will of the Supreme Power though perhaps but one single man to be the only measure of Good and Evil Just and Unjust So that whatever he Commands or Forbids must immediately be look'd upon as Good or Evil because he hath Commanded it or Forbidden it by which means Princes would have no other Rules left them of their Moral or Politick Actions but their own Arbitrary Humours or Wills Which if it were so men would be in a much worse condition under the Power of this irresistible Leviathan than they were in the state of Nature since a man is in more danger as to his Life and Fortune who is at the Mercy of one Cruel and unreasonable man who commands an Hundred thousand men than he who was before in danger of the violence of an Hundred thousand single men in the state of Nature since it was Lawful for him to have provided for his own security by combination with others which in a Civil state it is upon his Principles unlawful to do though I confess not being true to them he leaves every man a Right of self-defence or Resistance even under a Civil Government whenever he is strong enough to Rebel or Resist the Magistrate by which means he takes away with one hand all that he had before bestowed with the other § 5. But I think I have now sufficiently exposed the Falseness as well as Wickedness of those Principles And though I will not be so uncharitable as to affirm that either Mr. H. or all his Followers either did or would always act according to them yet as Cicero long since observed in his Offices they have more reason to thank the natural goodness and generosity of their own Natures than the Doctrines they have embraced if they do not But if I have been too tedious in the performance I hope the Reader will pardon me if these pernicious Principles are sufficiently Confuted at last since it is impossible for any man to judge of their Truth or Falsehood without first considering the Author's Opinion in his own words and then strictly examining the reasons he brings for them which could not well be contracted into a less compass But having not only I hope laid foundations for a more solid building in the precedent Discourse but also cleared off that Rubbish in this second Part that might obstruct its Evidence in the minds of all Candid and indifferent Readers I shall therefore beseech God the great Ruler of mens hearts and affections That what we have said in this Treatise may have that good effect as if not to produce yet at least to increase true Piety towards God and good Will and Charity among men FINIS Books Printed for Richard Baldwin STate Tracts Being a farther Collection of Several Choice Treatises relating to the Government From the Year 1660 to 1689. Now Published in a Body to shew the Necessity and clear the Legality of the Late Revolution and our present Happy Settlement under the Auspicious Reign of Their Majesties King William and Queen Mary Mathematical Magick Or The Wonders that may be performed by Mechanical Geometry In Two Books Concerning Mechanical Powers and Motions Being one of the most Easie Pleasant Useful and yet most neglected part of Mathematicks Not before treated of in this Language By I. Wilkins late Lord Bishop of Chester The Fourth Edition Bibliotheca Politica Or a Discourse by way of Dialogue Whether Monarchy be Iure Divino Collected out of the most Approved Authors both Ancient and Modern Dialogue the First Dialogue the Second Whether there can be made out from the Natural or Revealed Law of God any Succession to Crowns by Divine Right Dialogue the Third Whether Resistance of the Supream Power by a whole Nation or People in cases of the last Extremity can be Justified by the Law of Nature or Rules of the Gospel Dialogue the Fourth Whether Absolute Non-Resistances of the Supream Powers be enjoined by the Doctrine of the Gospel and was the Ancient Practice of the Primitive Churh and the constant Doctrine of our Reformed Church of England The Speech of the Right Honourable Thomas Earl of Stamford Lord Gray of Grooby c. at the General Quarter-Sessions held for the County of Leicester at Michaelmas 1691. His Lordship being made Custos Rotulorum for the said County by the late Lord Commissioners of the Great Seal Truth brought to Light Or The History of the First 14 Years of King Iames the I. In Four Parts I. The Happy State of England at His Majesty's Entrance The Corruption of it afterwards With the Rise of particular Favourites and the Divisions between This and other States abroad II. The Divorce betwixt the Lady Francis Howard and Robert Earl of Essex before the King's Delegates authorized under the King 's Broad Seal As also the Arraignment of Sir Iervis Yelvis Lieutenant of the Tower c. about the Murther of Sir Thomas Overbury with all Proceedings thereupon and the King 's gracious Pardon and Favour to the Countess III. A Declaration of His Majesty's Revenue since he came to the Crown of England with the Annual Issues Gifts Pensions and Extraordinary Disbursements IV. The Commissions and Warrants for the burning of two Hereticks newly revived with two Pardons one for Theophilus Higgons the other for Sir Eustace Hart. The Memoirs of Monsieur Deageant Containing the most secret Transactions and Affairs of France from the Death of Henry VI. till the beginning of the Ministry of the Cardinal de Richlieu To which is added a particular Relation of the Arch-bishop of Embrun's Voyage into England and of his Negotiation for the Advancement of the Roman Catholick Religion here together with the Duke of Bukingham's Letter to the said Archbishop about the Progress of that Affair which happened the last Years of K. Iames I. his Reign Faithfully Translated out of the French Original The Present State of Christendom consider'd In Nine Dialogues between I. The present Pope Alexander the VIIIth and Lewis the XIV II. The Great Duke of Tuscany and the Duke of Savoy III. King Iames the Second and the Marescal de la Fuillade IV. The Duke of Lorrain and the Duke of Schomberg V. The Duke of Lorrain and the Elector Palatine VI. Lewis the XIVth and the Marquis de Louvois VII The Advoyer of Berne and the Chief Syndic of Geneva VIII Cardinal Ottoboni and the Duke de Chaulnes IX The Young Prince Abafti and Count Teckely A New Plain Short and Compleat French and English Grammar whereby the Learner may attain in few Months to Speak and Write French Correctly as they do now in the Court of France And wherein all that is Dark Superfluous and Deficient in other Grammars is Plain Short and Methodically supplied Also very useful to Strangers that are desirous to learn the English Tongue For whose sake is added a Short but very Exact English Grammar The Second Edition By Peter Berault * Dr. Ioh. Lock Vide Chap. des Pensees Morales Book 8. chap. 3. Vid. his Essay concerning Humane Vnderstanding Book I. Chap. 11. * Vide The Preface to De Cive Vid. Mezeray's Hist. in the Life of this Prince Leviath Part I. Chap. 12. * Vid. Dr. Parker's Demonstration of the Law of Nature pag. 24. Demonstration of the Law c. pag. 23. Credendum est totum qd colitur Deus homini prodesse non Deo De Civit. Dei Lib. X. Cap. 5. Matt. 12.7 8. Mark 2.27 Luk. 10.30 V● Jo. Lerius Hist. Brasil as also the French History of the Caribbè Islands * Vid. Dr. Parker's Ecclesiastical Policy Chap. 4. p. 126 127. Vi. Diog. Laert. in vita Epicuri Stat 7. Jacobi Cap. 7.