these 1. That the true Church which is the mysticall body of Christ riseth out of Gods Word and continueth in the same and heareth not the voice of strangers 2. It makes no Lawes without Gods word 3. That the traditions of the Church cannot bind conscience except they be consonant to Gods Word 4. That Christ hath made full satisfaction for sin and he that saith there is any other way to salvation or to abolish sin denieth Christ 5. That Christ is not received corporally in the Sacrament of the Lords Supper 6. That the Masse offered up for the quick and dead is contrary to the Word of God and disgracing the sacrifice of Christ 7. That Christ is only to be invocated as Mediator between God and man 8. That the Scripture sheweth no such place as Purgatory for the purging of soules after death and therefore all popish Ceremonies as Dirges Lamps and Tapers profit not the dead at all 9. That pictures and images of Saints are not to be set up in Churches or to be worshipped 10. That Matrimony is not denied to any order of men but by the word of God permitted to all men and because fornication is forbidden therefore single life is not to be forced upon people All which propositions were defended by Oecolampadius Bucer and others against all opposers and therefore ratified by the Senate and it was decreed that Masses Altars and Images should be abolished In memoriall of this Reformation they caused a pillar to be set up engraven with golden letters with the time when it was done namely 1528. many other Cities as Strousbrough Basil and Geneva followed their example But many other Towns popishly affected did side with Ferdinand the Emperours brother and Deputy in Germany to suppresse this Reformation in Berne and Zurik These Towns were the Lucernates Vrani Suitenses Vnternaldii and Tugiani who much abusing the Reformed Tigurines and Bernatas made them so angry that they stopped the waies to those five Towns that no victuals could come to them Upon this the five unreformed made war upon them and had the better in which skirmishing Zuinglius was slain and his body abused cut in pieces and burned yet the Reformed continued in their religion and peace was concluded by the mediation of the King of France and some Cantons of Switzerland Mathe. But how came England to be Protestants Phila. Henry the seventh King of England had two sons Arthur and Henry Prince Arthur the eldest married Katherine daughter to Ferdinand King of Spain and died without issue Then Henry the eighth his brother being King of England by the advice of his Counsellors and Nobles married the said Lady Katherine that so her dowry might not be carried out of England Which match though contrary to Gods Word was dispensed withall by Pope Julian the second and so continued twenty years Now Charls the fifth Emperour being in England promised to marrie the Lady Mary daughter to Henry the eighth by the said Queen Katherine which the Emperours Councill misliked because that the Lady Mary was begotten by King Henry and his brothers wife and so illegitimate therefore the Emperour forsook the match and married the King of Portugals daughter called Isabel Upon this King Henry's mind began to be troubled and the more because he foresaw that there could be no firm succession to the Crown by children so begotten He propounded therefore this question to all the Universities of Christendome viz. whether his marriage were lawfull they all agreed it was not therefore the King sought a divorce and desired the Popes consent The Pope sent Cardinall Campeius into England who together with Woolsey Cardinall of York was by his authority to judge the businesse Woolsey was inclined to the divorce till he perceived the Kings mind was bent to marry Anne Bulloin who was a Lutheran Of which he advertizing the Pope he sent for his Embassador Campeius who returned to Rome without determining the Kings cause But the King by Doctor Cranmers advice and the Civilians had Queen Katherine divorced therefore the Pope cursed King Henry and his Kingdome of England And the King abolished the Popes authority and tyranny in his Kingdome and enjoined that he should in his dominions only be called Bishop of Rome and that himselfe should be acknowledged supreame head of the Church of England This was the beginning of Reformation of popish abuses as in dissolving of Abbies and Monasteries in England and Wales though Henry the eighth continued in Romish doctrines To the number of 645. vid. Cambden Mr Fox his Martyro p. 2. and many blessed Martyrs were put to death in his time for professing the contrary even after he had abolished the Bishop of Romes authority as Lambert condemned by King Henry himselfe and also of many others by his authority and ministers such as Collins Cowbridge Leiton Puttedew Peke do testifie as also his setting out the six Articles maintaining page 1296. 1. Transubstantiation And secondly that the communion in both kinds is not necessary to be received And thirdly against Priests marriage And fourthly for vowing single life And fifthly Anno 31. regni H. 8. for maintaining the Masse and also sixthly auricular confession to be necessary Which Articles were commended to Commissioners to be put in execution and many good men suffered who held tenets contrary thereunto as Doctor Barns Heirom Garret Marbeck Filmer Testwood and Person and Bennet Kerby Clark Mendelsham and Mistrisse Anne Askew and others burned at Windsor and Ipswich in London and Kent all which shew that though King Henry the eighth did abolish the power of the Pope in Civill and Ecclesiastick matters in England yet popish doctrine was still maintained Mathe. I pray tell me how the Pope came to have such great authority in England in Civil and Ecclesiasticall affairs 2. How Englands Religion came to be corrupted which at first it seems was pure Rom. 1.8 as Romes faith was before the Pope turned Antichristian 3. How the Reformation went on which was revived by King Henry the eight so far as abolishing popish jurisdiction Phila. For the first you may find that the Pope came in by connivance of peaceable and quiet Princes who not discerning the Popes policy after Phocas the Emperour had made him universall Bishop how he did work upon Princes of weak judgement as also upon such as he found to be superstitious or that were litigious and stood in need of his help and so did wind himselfe by intrusion and used his possession with tyranny But this intrusion could never be warranted by any just claime through possession or submission to him in tract of time by custome or prescription the foundation of his first authority being surreptitious for we cannot find any Brittish or Saxon Kings that have obliged themselves or this Kingdome submissively to the Pope But you may find that when Austin the Monk was sent into England by Pope Greg. 1. to bring the Clergy to the ceremonies
and service of the Roman Church not to make Christians in England which was done many hundred years before in the time of King Lucius who desired Baptism of Pope Elutherius for himself and his people that he nor any Priest that came with him into the Isle of Thanet Bed l. 1. c. 26. did preach till they had license from the King But it is of courtesie not duty the Pope hath had much regard in England as appeareth in that his Legats and Nuncioes have had here entertainment But this was no more then they had in other places of the world where their usurped authority was rejected So in Asia and Africa This proveth nothing of any right he had in England for though this Realm hath admitted sometimes appeals to Rome yet you shall find that they have been oftner prohibited and the Popes Buls condemned and his excommunications slighted and his decrees rejected and that the King made Lawes and Ecclesiasticall Canons by Parliaments and Synods without the Popes leave As you may see in the daies of King Egbert and Alfred about the appeale of Wilfride Archbishop of York who was the first that ever appealed before the Norman conquest to the Pope and in whose behalfe the Pope sent Nuncioes to England with a Letter or Bull to restore Wilfride to his pluralities of which the King and great Councill of the Kingdome the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Clergy had divested him But they would not yield to the Popes desire to restore Wilfride til he had submitted himselfe and resigned those Monasteries he held which had moved the contention So after the Norman conquest in the reign of Henry the first Pope Paschalis put a new oath upon Archbishops to be taken when they received their Pall which Anselme the Archbishop having taken thought himselfe obliged to maintain the appellations to Rome but King Henry pleaded the fundamentall lawes which forbad any such appeals without the Kings licence and that they were a violation to the Crown and a Law was made that if any should bring the Popes letter or mandate in the Realm Rog. Hoved. in Hen. 2. he should be executed as a Traitor to the King and Kingdome and every one was forbidden appeals to the Pope It is true that Pope Nicolas grants to King Edward the Confessor and his successors that which he stood in no need of namely the protection of all the Churches in England and to make Lawes with the advice of their Bishops and Abbots in his stead for governing the same This was to make the world beleeve in after time that their authority in these things was derived from the Pope Malm. de gest Pontif. Vâ—d Mat. Par. an 1164. For we find that this was alwaies done by the Saxon and Danish Kings before any such Bull was sent from the Pope yea and disposed of Bishopricks without the Pope so did King William and Rufus his son and they counted themselves as Gods Vicar to govern the Church and to correct any wrong done in Ecclesiasticall Courts Acts of Clarendon which course the Kings of England after the Conquest alwaies followed and acted with the advice and assistants of their Parliaments as we may see in the daies of King Henry the second and by the Statutes of Clarendon which prevents popish jurisdiction by forbidding appeals and disposing benefices and Ecclesiasticall dignities Stat. of Carlile 25. of Edw. 1. But in the reigne of King Edward the first is a notable statute which declares the holy Church of England to be founded in the estate of Prelacy not Papacy and within the Realm of England not without it and by the King and his Peers not by Popes and forreign Bishops and that the Popes encrochments did aim at the ruine of the Church disinheriting of the King and destruction of the Lawes 16. of Ric. 2. c. 5. And in Richard the seconds reign it is set down that the Crown of England hath alwaies been and is free and in no subjection earthly but only to God and to no other and ought not to be submitted to the Pope It is true that King John resigned his Crown to the Pope but that was but done in his distresse he could not do that lawfully wherein the whole Kingdome had the greater share So many Emperours have taken their Crowns from the Pope as you have heard but this hath been done by some of them for greater solemnity and some for fear or out of superstition some to make their party the stronger against their enemies and the Pope hath crowned them but that of right he had any power over the Crown I find none Now for the second Question how Christian Religion came to be corrupted Rom. 1.8 Gild. de exid Conq. Brit. being at first clear as Romes was in its Primitive profession of it 1. It is true that England had a light of the Gospell as it is thought by Joseph of Arimathea and his colony of Christians that came with him to Glassenbury which was in the time of Tiberius the Emperours reign Peter came not to Rome till the second year of Claudius to lay any foundation of a Church there Nor do we find any plain face of a Church in England till King Lucius and his subjects were baptized as you have read by Fugatius and Damianus two Ministers that Elutherius the Bishop of Rome fent to do it at King Lucius his request The Church of Rome continued faithfull 350. yeers after Christ as I have shewed and kept her selfe untainted with heresie and was a covert and protection unto the professors of truth But after the Emperour Constantine and his successors turned Christians Clergy men grew into great favour at Court and so wealth and ease first begate security then covetousnesse then pride next ambition then devising of false tenets to maintain it and superstitions to uphold it then also heresies to mask or depose truth At last getting the title of universall Bishop the Eastern Church falling to decay the world looked on the Pope though not as upon one that should be their superiour in secular matters yet as one that should direct them in doctrines He by subtilty of the Schoolmen and policy and power sowed tares and though he seemed to keep the foundation yet built beside it kept up the truth in unrighteousnesse and delivered to the people by retaile what he pleased shut up the Scriptures and gave them humane traditions Now Princes and Priests being some perswaded of his piety and cozened by his hypocrisie others reverencing of his antiquity and dazeled with his dignity and others being remisse and idle were contented to enjoy the world in quiet and take any Religion that was offered them Thus the world was made dark by Babylons cup and had no feeling of the losse of truth no more then the Pope had except he were touched in his honours and profits But God had pity upon his Church and raised up now
bound to take the Law as a rule of his conversation But why did not then Christ abolish the Law as well as fulfill it Mat. 5.17 or why doth the Apostle say that he doth not by his preaching up faith to justifie a man Rom. 3.31 make void the Law but establish it surely by accepting it for a rule of an holy life though not either to justifie or condemn us but to walk according to it out of love to righteousnesse Rom. 7.22 Again 18. They say a man is not bound to pray except the spirit moveth him yet Paul saith pray continually and Peter bids us be sober and watch to praier as if it were a duty and if we look upon it as a duty then we are to do it without expecting farther incitation by immediat infusions So they say that the spirit works in hypocrites by gifts and graces but in Gods children immediatly but then they need not take heed it seems to the sure word of prophecy as saith St Peter which he prefers for the Churches establishment before that of revelation calling it a more sure word of prophecy 2 Pet. 18 19. So they pretend that a Minister that hath not this new light cannot edifie them that have it I wonder then how the Apostles edified the Church who had not this new light or dark lanthorn rather of vaine opinions for I have shewed you that they are contrary to the Apostles doctrins or if their light were the most saving grace of God yet a man that hath it not may edify others by preaching salvation to others though himselfe be a castaway So they say no Christian ought to be prest to the duties of holinesse This is to make the world beleeve that there is no need of preaching 2 Tim. 4.2 yet St Paul bids Timothy to preach in season and out of season and Titus to rebuke and exhort with all authority Tit. 2.15 Mathe. What other Sects troubled the Protestant Church Phila. The Arminians revived the heresie of Pelagius Britto who lived in the daies of the Emperours Arcadius and Honorius who held that men by nature might fulfill the whole Law of God and denied originall sin and said that men were sinners by imitation only of Adams not by carnall propagation contrary to Psal 51. And that children had no need of baptisme for remission of sin and that the Godly men in Scripture that confessed their sins did it for example sake rather then out of guiltinesse whom St Augustine sufficiently confutes and their tenets were condemned by the fift Councill of Carthage in the year 419. as hereticall Also by the Milevitane Councill in Numidia The patron of the Arminians was one Jacobus Arminius professor of Divinity at Leyden in the Low Countries in the year 1605. his followers are called Remonstrants Now as Pelagius being driven from Rome came into England and infected it with his errors though by the travels of Germanus Altisidorensis and Palladius sent hither by Caelestinus Bishop of Rome the land was freed from his poison So Arminius infected England by his writings and his well-wishers such as Conradus Vorstius but was reasonably well stopt by the diligence of King James in sending over certain learned and grave Divines to the Synod of Dort Yet neverthelesse these errors have found many favourers in England though they are against Scriptures and the Articles of the Church of England As concerning prepestination they deny it by saying that it is only the will of God to save them that beleeve and persevere and that there is no other decree of election contrary to Acts 13.48 as many as were ordained to eternall life beleeved and Eph. 1.4 he hath chosen us to salvation before the foundation of the world So Ro. 8.30 whom he hath predestinated them he hath also called So they say election is of faith not of persons but Paul saith God hath called us according to his purpose in Christ before the world 4. That election of us to faith presupposeth in us honesty and humility and a disposition to eternall life whereas it is election that causeth such vertues and not they election Ephes 2.3 4. for by nature we are only given to fulfill the will of the flesh and are by nature the children of wrath as well as others but God who is rich in mercy Rom. 9.11 hath quickned us c. for election is not of works but of him that calleth for he loved us first 1 John 4.10 So 5. They say election is not unchangeable but a man may withstand Gods decree Mat. 24.24 but Christ saith the elect cannot be seduced for Christ loseth not those that are given to him John 6.39 and therefore the chaine holds from election to glorification Rom. 8.30 which certainly is the joy of Gods people that their names are written in heaven Luke 10.20 and therefore none can charge them nor condemn them Rom. 8.33 So 6. They make election generall which is a contradiction Rom. 9.18 God hath mercy on whom he will And to some it is given to know the mysteries of Christs Kingdome not to others Mat. 13.11 to babes and not to the worldly wise Mat. 11.15 16. Mathe. What farther errors hold these Arminians Phila. They say that the cause why God sends his Gospell to one people and not to another is not only Gods good pleasure but because one nation is more worthy then another Deu. 10.14 15 yet Moses told Israel that God chose their fathers out of meer love And Christ said that Chorazin and Bethsaida were a worse people then those of Tyre and Zidon Mat. 11.21 So they say that God ordained Christ to die without any certaine determination of saving any particular man or people Isa 53.10 yet Isaiah saith that when he shall make his soul an offering for sin that he shall see his seed And Christ saith I know my sheep and I lay down my life for my sheep So they teach that God did not intend to establish a new Covenant of grace with man by Christs blood but to make any covenant with man whatsoever either of works or grace But Christ is called the surety of a better estament than was before viz. of works Heb. 7.22 whereby we are justified freely by his grace through the redemption of Christ So they say that all are received into grace and favor alike in the Gospel-covenant and none shall be condemned for originall sin and yet Christ saith I pray not for the world but for those thou hast given me out of the world They say also that God confers equally the benefits of Christs death to men but the cause why some men have them and not others is by reason of their free will chusing it and not of Gods singular gift of mercy effectually working thereunto yet St Paul saith it is not in him that willeth or runneth but in God that sheweth mercy So they say Christ died not for those whom
image of creatures Gen. 4.26 vid. R. Kim Rom. 1.23 Some to root out Gods revelation of himselfe to man by raising persecutions against those that professe it but especially against Christ and the Gospel which declares the manhood with God by Christs birth and mans redemption by Christs death And this argueth his first sin to be rebellion against the truth determined to be in due time manifested to the world Indeed Christ saith he did not abide in the truth nor indeed could abide it He did not abide in God who is truth it selfe nor in true obedience in which he was created nor in the truth determined concerning Christ to be mans Redeemer And indeed this seems to be truth from which he fell especially 1. Because Christ cals this Truth by way of eminence before Pilate saying I am come to witnesse the truth i. of Gods purpose and promise And he cals the Jewes the children of the Devill because they went about to destroy him and Judas a devill because he fell from him who was the Truth And because both refused to stand by his grace and favour as the Devill also did who hath ever been an opposer of this truth from the beginning as by preventing Adam of the sacramentall shadow of the tree of life and Cain of the comfort of true sacrifice both which were types of Christ And since that he made the Jewes to despise the figures of him Num. 21.56 in the Manna and Rock-water 1 Cor. 10.9 so he hath raised up many since Christs comming in the flesh to deny his Divinity or the truth of his Humanity Saviourship or justification power wisdome or holinesse And thus like the devill they love not that truth which was the actuall fulfilling of all the types law prophecies and promises in which regard it is said John 1. that Grace and Truth came by Jesus Christ And I think the rather this was the main sin because neither he nor Judas never repented of it whom Christ called a devill for it is a sin cannot be repented of because committed directly against the method of God Christ and the Spirit of grace which is the only cause and means to true repentance So that he still setting himselfe like the Highest by designing to himselfe mans obedience and worship Mat. 4. sheweth his naturall pride 2. In seeking to destroy mans body and soule by tempting him to misbeleeve or disbeleeve his own redemption by Christ he sheweth his innate spight and envy 3. In striving to crosse Gods proceedings in nature or grace sheweth his rebellion from the beginning Mathe. But doth one devill do all this mischiefe in all men and all parts of the world at once this would argue a kind of infiniteness Phila. No sure for men are led aside by their own corruption and tempted of concupiscence to which the devill joins himselfe not only the Prince of Devils but some of his crew who are most fit to improve that temptation of a mans concupiscence Drusius quotations in lib. munus novum as we see one undertakes to seduce Ahab by becoming a lying spirit in the mouths of his Prophets Which was one of Pythons train whose way is by lies to delude people And the Scripture seems to intend some such thing by giving certain names to them as to some principall heads as Beelzebub whom the Jewes thought to be the Prince of Devils his name signifieth a master flie Jupiter Muscanius vide Clem. Alex. in protrept 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Lord of flies Some say from his buzzing temptations which like flies swarm about us Others say because he drove away flies when the people sacrificed to him He is called the god of Ekron because they worshipped him So we find that God forbids consulting with familiar spirits Deut. 18.11 which in Hebrew is Schoel Aug. in 2. lib. de doct Christia cap. 23. and translated Python whom some writers take to be the head of that rank and order So we read of Belial a spirit of rebellion a vessell of wrath and ruine So of one Asmodeus a convincer and punisher Tobit 3.8 that strangled Sarahs seven husbands So of Satan who works deceits with Witches and Magitians and inflicts many miseries on mankind Revel as on Job c. 1. We read of another called Abaddon the master of misrule and confusion So of one Astaroth the chiefe head of all devilish accusations and so is all one with Diabolus the devill So we read of Mammon who tempteth to rapine and covetousnesse not that these only use such temptations for no doubt they officiate one for another and each faculty is imploied by each to mans ruine as the good Angels in their offices to mans good And it may be questioned whether these names signifie rather their persons or their faculties as Belemoh their beastly nature and Leviathan their vast increase in evill and Serpent their crafty folds windings and subtilties which Angels as they are dispersed in the world so they disperse their venome through the world Mathe. Doe they retain nothing of their created nature but evill Phila. Yes but they turn it all into evill They have their first knowledge and power but yet no farther then God permits them to use it for they are reserved like prisoners in chains by which they are confined For 1. They know not God with any comfort nor know his intentions nor his determinations whom he means to save or condemn for then it were in vain to tempt the one and needlesse to tempt the other Nor 2. Have they any certain knowledge of future events but make collections either from the stars or prophecies of Scripture or from mens temper or their actions and endeavors and therefore their answers in Oracles were dark and doubtfull as when he told the Pope he should die at Bethelem Sylvester it proved at a Monastery so called He told a King of England that he should not die till he had been at Jerusalem it proved that he died in a chamber so called Yet they beleeve and tremble because they fear justly they shall never enjoy the mercy they beleeve and because they do already feel partly the judgement ordained for them Againe they are stinted in their power they cannot do what they would Job was hedged in and till God opened a gap the devill could not invade him and when they are suffered to invade man yet are they subjected to the power of Christ and his Ministers Mathe. Are not these Angels in hell as yet Phila. No for had they been fixed to that sphere of punishment upon the fall they could neither have tempted Adam Aug. lib. 8. de civ dei c. 22. Jude 6. v. 17 nor us upon earth but they carry their hell about with them viz. the seat of damnation and the sense of Gods eternall displeasure Mathe. Where do you think Hell to be Phila. It is hard to say because the Scriptures do
Churches wherein truth was preserved whereby men might be saved And Clemens Alexandrinus distinguisheth the Church locall and personall lib. 7. strom and therefore certainly there were locall Churches in his time After this we find these very places called by the name of Churches and the houses of God by Tertullian in his Apolog. speaking of Churches built upon hils Tert. de Idola 203. as Christ was crucified on a hill And writing against the Valentinians who affected secret mysteries he shewes that the Christian Temples were open and plain and to the light i. as I suppose built toward the East Constit Apost l. 2. c. 57. as other authors write also But before this King Lucius of England desiring of Eleutherius Bishop of Rome to be made a Christian turned all his heathen Temples to Christian Churches and set up three Archbishops and twenty eight Bishops to govern them Beda l. 1. c. 4. Yea further the order of their Churches have been described by authors worthy of belief That offenders standing without the Porch did intreat the people going in Greg. Thaum or Neocaes to pray for them sets down also the places for the Catechumeni and Fideles they that were to be Catechised and those that were to be auditors and receivers of the Communion And this order when it was left Cypr. in epist 55. was a sign of confusion coming into the Church all sitting promiscuously and coming into the Church without discipline it seemed to usher in Paganisme as the pulling of them down and the neglect of Church-service and Sacraments and Scripture and turning them into shops and houses warehouses and cellars Hippol. de conum mundi Antichr was to be a forerunner of Antichrist as Hippolitus propheceid and we may justly expect no lesse having seen such signs since one thousand six hundred and forty Mathe. But it seems not probable that in he athenish times Christians should have any such priviledges under persecuting Emperors Phila. 1. I answer as before that they might be permitted as easily as the Jewes to have Synagogues since the Jewes Religion was as far different from the heathens as the Christians was and for that the Christians were never rebels against the Roman State as the Jews had been Beside the Christians had divers intervals of rest between their persecutions but they were persecuted by Jewes Heathens Saracens and Christians erroneous Mathe. I pray declare how and when Phila. 1. You must know that Iulius Caesar having made all the world quiet by his latter conquests Dan. 7.23 and like Daniels fourth beast had broke all dominion in pieces yea subdued the State of Rome it selfe and made himselfe the first Emperour in whose stead succeeded his adopted son Octavianus Augustus Caesar who after many troubles and wars Florus with competitors setled the Empire in peace in token whereof he shut up the Temple of Ianus which from the building of Rome 700. years before was but twice shut up i. at the time of Numa and at the end of the Carthaginian war In this Emperors forty second year Natian in Julian Annus Noâ—â—i Christ was born about which time the Oracles of the heathen were all silent Herod the son of Antipater was now by the favour of Antonius made governor of Iudea and by Augustus made King and confirmed so by the Senate of Rome This Herod by the fathers side was an Idumean and so as is thought of Esaus line who was prophecied to shake off the yoak of Iacob Gen. 27.40 and so he did if Iosephus saith true that he destroied most of the seed roiall of David and became a Jewish proselyte in hope thereby to fasten the government more firmly to himselfe But the report of the wise men coming from the East Mat. 2. and enquiring for one that was born King of the Jewes much troubled him so that he massacred the young male children of Bethelem The first persecution for Christs sake Luke 3.1 2.3.21 This was the first persecution that arose for Christs sake After Augustus succeeds Tiberius Nero in whose fifteenth year St John the Baptist began to preach and baptize and baptized Christ in Jordan and was beheaded by Herod Antipas Mar. 6.27 In the eighteenth year of Tiberius Christ was crucified and rose again the third day after of which Pontius Pilate was not ignorant and therefore sent letters to Tiberius of it and his miracles and that he was beleeved by many to be God but the Senate would not acknowledge him Euseb hist lib. 2. cap. 2. because he was worshipped as a God before they had approved him and so thinking themselves wise they became fools Rom. 1.21 22. After Tiberius succeeds Caius Caligula in whose daies Pontius Pilate killed himselfe in prison and Herod Antipas and Herodias Eus l. 2. c. 7. Joseph an t l. 18. c. 9. that beheaded John Baptist were banished and died miserably at Lyons in France which Caius did not out of hatred to their sin but to make way for his favourite Herod Agrippa This Herod by the Jewes instigation began to stretch forth his hand against the Christians by killing James and imprisoning Peter Acts 12.1 2. And beside this Jewish persecutions we find little persecution save what the Jewes raised themselves against Stephen and some of the Apostles Next to him succeeded Claudius in whose daies Theudas and Iudas were routed with their followers Acts 5.36 and the famine came foreprophecied by Agabus Acts 11.28 And in his time was the famous and first Councill held by the Apostles at Ferusalem in his reign we find no persecution from the heathen But after him followed Domitius Nero the first persecuting Emperor 1. Persecution by Heathen Emperours by whom the furnace was made much hotter then before He set Rome on fire in divers places and then laid it on the Christians and set forth Edicts to persecute them to death So wicked a man that it was said of him that if the Gospell had not been an excellent thing Euseb l. 2. c. 25 he would never have troubled those that professed it He crucified Peter and beheaded Paul at Rome And Iames the son of Alppeus was martyred by Aranus at Ierusalem Jacobus Justus This Emperour slew himselfe for fear of the Senates sentence against him Next followed Vespasian and Titus 2. Persecution which Titus was poisoned by his brother Domitian the second persecutor of Christians He banished St Iohn to the Iland of Patmos Favia a Noble Lady to Pontia Protasius and Gervasius slain at Millain Timothy stoned at Ephesus Dionysius Areopagita martyred at Paris he was slain by one Stephen steward to his Empresse The Senate buried him by Pocters and expunged his memory Cocceius Nerva followed by election who recalled St Iohn and other Christians from banishment Trajan adopted by Nerva succeeds and raiseth the third persecution 3. Persecution wherein suffered Simon the son of
Here was usurpation over the Civill power After him followed Honorius the first in whose time some write Parishes were bounded and divided in England Then comes Severinus the first who was confirmed in his Chair by Isacius the Exarche of Italy For then the choice of the Clergy and the people of Rome was not much esteemed Theodoretus was the son of Theodorus Bishop of Jerusalem for as yet spirituall men did marry He was adverse to the heresie of the Monothelites who held Christ had but one will as God and man yet we find it otherwise Mat. 26.39 Not my will but as thou wilt Pope Martin was an enemy to the same heresie and suffered banishment for it by Constans the Emperour and had his tongue cut out Hist Magd. can 7. c. 10. and his right hand cut off and now the Chair of Rome was void of a Bishop fourteen months Eugenius first ordained Bishops to have prison houses to correct the crimes of the Clergy Next Vitelianus who admitted Organs in the Church to sing Psalms withall Next followed Adeodatus in whose time the signs in heaven threatned judgements for Idolatry Plat. in vita Domni 1. And in his time the Saracens spoiled Sicily Domnus succeeds who first brought the Church of Ravenna to be obedient to the Church of Rome and all that did not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were counted Churches of a strange head Agatho succeeds him in whose time the Emperour Constantinus Pogonatus assembled the sixt Councill of Constantinople and condemned the Monothelites This Agatho in his Epistle to this Councill Antichrist more plainly appearing maintained that the Chair of Rome never erred nor can and that all that will be saved must hold Romes traditions and receive her constitutions as if from Peter himselfe He condemned the marriage of Priests and setteth up the Masse Next followeth Benedictus the second in whose time the foresaid Emperour Const Pog. gave away the power of electing or confirming Popes of Rome from himselfe and the Exarche of Italy to the Clergy and people of Rome which after proved hurtfull to the Empire Sergius the first refused to subscribe the Acts of the Councill of Constantinople Plat. de vita Sergii which Justinian the second had called He was a great Masse-monger John the seventh refused to give answer to the Embassadors of Justinian the second who desired union between the East and West Churches about the marriage of the Clergy and the equality of the Patriarch of Constantinople in dignity with the Bishop of Rome which the sixth generall Councill had decreed contrary to the Popes tenets and constitutions but he liked better still to deny such marriages though contrary to Gods word and to hold up his superiority formerly given by the Emperour Phooas And after him Constantine the first who suffered at Nicomedia his feet to be kissed by the Emperour Justinian the second Acts 10.26 though Peter would not suffer Cornelius who was but a Centurion to worship him on his knee He also declared the Emperour Philippicus an Heretick and commanded his name to be razed out of the Role of Emperours because he had abolished the picture of the Fathers of the sixt generall Councill Antichrists impudence by persecuting Christian Emperours out of the Temple of Sophia This shewed Antichrists violence beginning to work to some purpose After him comes Gregory the second who excommunicates the Emperour Leo Isaurus for abolishing images and drawes away many Countries in Italy from his obedience forbidding them to pay tribute contrary to Christ his masters rule who said give to Caesar what is Caesars Mat. 22.21 Gregory the second succeeded him in place and manners and by a Councill at Rome Func com in chro lib. 8. confirms worshipping of images Zacharias the first followes who set up Pipinus to be King of France and thrust Childericus the right heir into a Monastery about 733. Stephanus the second followeth whom Pipinus releeveth from the siege of the Lombards and bestoweth upon him great dominions which the Church of Rome claimeth falsely as the gift of Constantine Yet for all his kindness when he came to be Godfather to King Pipins son he suffered both him and his eldest son Charls to kisse his feet hold his stirrop and walk his horse and at last was carried on mens shoulders Paulus the first succeeds him and is as bad as he and he threatens the Emperour Const Copronymus with excommunication except he restore the images of the Saints which he had demolished After him succeeded Constantine the second who had never taken holy orders After him succeeded Stephanus the third who by a Councill he called at Rome condemned the seventh generall Councill of Constantinople convented by the Emperour Copronymus condemning the worshipping of images He made Charlemain repudiate his wife Berthra daughter to Desiderius King of the Lombards left he should withdraw his affections from Rome Then followed Adrian the first upon whom Charlemain bestowed more dominions after he had first rid himselfe of the Kingdome of the Lombards in Italy anno 776. This Pope was a great patron to images as now Irene the Empresse of the East was a patronesse and so was the Councill she called at Nice She was deposed by her son but she got his eies put out and so he died in prison Now the Eastern Empire began to fade and wane and declines to the West For Leo the third succeeding him whom Charlemain confirms in the Chair of Rome against all his enemies For which favour Leo declares him Emperour of the West which none before ever took upon them and crowned him And afterward it grew to a custome that the Emperours received their Crown from the Popes of Rome But as yet it stood firm that no Pope should be elected without the advice and investment of the Emperour of the West But this held not long Func com l. 9. for Stephanus the fourth succeeding Leo the third was elected without the consent of Ludovicus Pius son of Charlemain Paschalis the first succeeds him without consent of the Emperour also which he excused by Embassadors because the Clergy and people of Rome had compelled him to receive it The Emperour to avoid trouble granted that Rome should afterward chuse their own Bishops But Gregory the fourth following would have the Emperours consent but others following did accept it without Sergius the second succeeds Gregory who was the first Pope that changed his Christian name because it was odious viz. os porci Hogs mouth He put Agnus Dei in the Liturgie Leo the fourth succeeds who was a great builder Edelwolphus King of England performing a vow at Rome grants to Leo the 4th a penny in every house in England that kindled a fire in it a warriour against the Sarazens as well as a Bishop In his time the first Cardinall called Aâ—hanafius was condemned for neglect of his calling who was a Presbyter but the first
holy Host between him and the Emperour and wished that he might be divided from the Kingdom of Christ that broke the covenant made between himselfe and the Emperour yet afterward he recalled all that he done and cursed the Emperour who was fain to resign his priviledge for peace sake Next succeeded Gelasius the second without the Emperours consent Henry the fifth Then followed Calixtus the second who compelled the Emperour to yield to his election and ordained that the people should not put away any of their Bishops for their life time Then followed Pope Honorius the second in whose time one Arnulphus came to Rome and preached against the Clergies errors pride and avarices for which they secretly drowned him Innocentius the third succeeds In his time the people grew weary of the Popes Tyranny resolved to be governed by consuls This Pope therefore made an ordinance that whoever laid violent hands upon any of the Clergy he should be excommunicated and not absolved by any man but the Pope only And also Pope Eugenius by cursings and force brought all the Senators of Rome under subjection to himselfe and to receive such into their society as he thought fit Adrian the fourth that was choaked with a flie as he walked made the Roman people submit themselves absolutely to his government Frederick the first Emperour held his stirrop yet he excommunicates the same Emperour Alexander the third succeeds who would not appear at any Councill The Emperour Frederick the first called to decide the stickling between him and Victor for the Popedome and therefore Victor was chosen but Alexander fled into France and in a Councill at Claremount excommunicated the Emperour and Victor After Victors death Frederick the Emperour led an army to Rome This Pope excited all Princes to persecute the Waldenses Pope Alexander flieth to Venice Otto the Emperours son followeth him but encountring the Venetians contrary to his Fathers command was taken captive and so for his sons redemption he was fain to go to Venice and crave the Popes absolution in St Marks Church where kneeling down this proud Pope set his foot on the Emperours neck saying Psal 91.13 thou shalt tread upon the Lion and the Dragon In this Popes daies Thomas Becket Bishop of Canterbury was slaine in his own Chappell by some of King Henry of Englands followers But he purged himselfe before the Pope who because he found the Kings anger was the cause thereof he enjoined Henry that he should hinder no appeals to Rome and that none should be declared King of England without the Popes consent Now England begins to be chained by Rome In this age which was about the 1200 years after Christ it pleased God to give more divine light to many men to see and discern Christ from Antichrist and to professe it openly and practically as well as many other Doctors had done in writing The chiefe of these was one Waldus a Merchant of Lyons in France who seeing one of his company in their walking fall down dead he laied it so to heart that he repented earnestly of his former life and became very charitable to the poor and studious of the Scriptures and also to instruct his own family and others that came to him in those tenets which the Protestants afterward held and hold still For which the Bishops that adhered to Rome threatned them with excommunication but they went on and endured much persecution Mathe. I pray what were their tenets Phila. The same which the Protestant now hold As 1. That only Scripture is to be beleeved in matters pertaining to salvation and that it containeth all things necessary thereunto 2. That there is but one Mediator for man to God i. Christ Jesus and Saints are not to be invocated as mediators 3. They denied purgatory and masses sung for the dead rejected traditions as unnecessary to salvation 4. That constrained fast daies difference of meats superfluous holy daies variety of orders of Priests Friers Nuns hallowing of creatures vowes and pilgrimages and humane ceremonies were to be abolished 5. They denied also the Popes supremacy over all Churches States and governments and denied that any degrees should be received into the Church save Bishops Priests and Deacons 6. That the Church of Rome is Babylon and the Pope Antichrist Also they rejected the Popes pardons 7. They allowed the marriage of Priests 8. And they that hear and beleeve the true word of God are the true Church 9. And the communion was to be eaten and not reserved for shew or worship Many of them for these opinions endured persecutions by Pope Alexander the third who excited all Christian Princes to persecute them with fire and sword Third persecution by the Roman Christians Mathe. What other Popes persecuted good Christians Phila. Innocentius the third who did excommunicate King John of England because he would not admit Stephen Langton to be Archbishop of Canterbury approved by the Pope and brought him so far under his power that he was faine to resigne his Crown to the Pope and receive it back again from him for the paiment of a thousand Marks by the year Honorius followed who excommunicated the Emperour Frederick the second who at his coronation had bestowed great gifts upon him yet because he did but expostulate with Thomas one of the sons of Innocentius the third who fled to the Pope about his treason this Pope excommunicates him Honorius the third succeeds and the excommunicates the said Emperour also Gregory the ninth succeeds him and he excommunicates the Emperour Frederick because going against the Turks he returned into Europe to recover himselfe of his sicknesse Innocentius the fourth likewise excommunicated the Emperour Frederick and deposed him and gave away his Empire to William Count of Holland Then followed Alexander the fourth who excommunicated Marfred King of Sicily and burnt the books of one William desancto amore because he writ against the order of begging Fryers Next was Vrbanus the fourth who gave the Kingdome of Sicily from Marfred to Charls Duke of Anjou together with Apulia to be held of him from the Pope by a quitment so Sicily became the Frenches however all afterward destroied by the Sicilians in the time of Pope Martin the fourth Clemens the fourth succeeds him in place and manners He made the said Charls King of Jerusalem paying 40000. crowns yearly to the Chair of Rome He caused him to slay Marfred and the son of Conrade who came into Italy to claim his right and title Next followed Gregory the tenth who interdicted the Church of Florence from all divine service And after him Pope Nicolaus the third took from Charls King of Sicily whom his predecessors bad advanced Hetruria and the dignity of being a Roman Senator and did bring Flaminia Bononia and Ravenna from under the Emperours subjection to himselfe Martinus the fourth succeeded who took the said Charls into favor again but restored to him nothing but the title of a Roman Senator
marriages and thought fit it were permitted Paulus the second succeeds him He was as unlearned as Pius was learned He like some schismaticks now accounted humane learning heresie and so they may see their error is popish while they condemn learning as if it were popery Next comes Sixtus the fourth Innocentius the eight Alexander the sixt who imprisoned and banished many Cardinals Then followed Pius the third and next Julius the second who by the Emperour Maximilian and the King of Spain and France's aids spoiled the Venetians of many territories yet he received them again into favor and so discontented the Emperour and the King of France that they thought to depose him by their Councill at Pisa But he called another Councill at Rome which disanulled all they did at Pisa He lived in wars all his time Leo the tenth succeeds him He endevoured to suppresse Martin Luther but could not Adrianus the sixt followed and threatned the Duke of Saxony for maintaining Martin Luther Clement the seventh succeeds who poisoned many and was poisoned himselfe Paulus the third followeth whose authority in England was abrogated by King Henry the eighth who called himselfe supreme head in his own dominions in all causes Ecclesiastick and Civill He cursed King Henry the eighth of England therefore and interdicted the Kingdome ratified the order of Jesuites and called a Councill at Trent where the Protestants would not appear because they said that Councill was not lawfully called and the Pope sate Judge who was the party they were to accuse of errors and abusing the Church He carried the Councill to Bononia Iulius the third followed who brought it back again to Trent and sent in Queen Maries daies Cardinall Pool to absolve England from the interdiction of Paul the third But havock was made in England of Protestants Paulus the fourth followed who hated Charls the Emperour who resigned his government to his son Ferdinand and died in a Monastery The Pope approved not this election but Ferdinand esteemed not of his approbation Pius the fourth followed In his time the Councill of Trent called by Paul the third was dissolved which had sate six yeers only of eighteen But before that he sent an Embassador into England to invite the Clergy to that Councill but Queen Elizabeth would not suffer him to land Nor would the Germans send any Scotland also revolted from popery He massacred Protestants at Montalto in Italy to the number of eighty because they met at an house to hear a Sermon They were drawn out one by one and their throats cut but none recanted their Religion Pius the fifth followed who with the Venetians and the King of Spain and his own aids overcame the Turks at Lepanto under the conduct of John of Austria Gregory the thirteenth followed He founded a new Colledge for Jesuites and gave it great revenues to bring up schollers to convert the Germans The Guises faction and the Queen Mother made an horrid massacre in Paris of the Protestants whom they called Huguenots 1572. Which act this Pope commended and sent Charls King of France 40000. Duckats to set forward the war against them This Pope set forth a new Kalender Sixtus the fift followed who excommunicated the King of Navar and the Prince of Condie both Protestants Now was Henry the third killed by a Frier Clement the eighth absolved Henry the fourth King of France from the excommunication of Sixtus the fifth upon his abjuration of the protestation by his Orators which King was slain by a proselyte of the Jesuits called Ravilack Mathe. I desire to know how the Protestant Religion came in and whether it be ancient and how it hath been persecuted by the Pope his adherents whether Princes or Prelates and by what heresies opposed for the Papists still upbraid us that our Religion was begun by Luther who began an innovation in the time of Pope Leo the tenth Against whom Henry the eighth of England did write and obtained the title from the Pope of Defender of the faith Phila. You are to understand that the substantiall points of the Protestant Religion are the same which are grounded upon Scripture and maintained from the Primitive times by the Church Christian but obscured in tract of time by divers heresies and popish traditions which like tares and weeds over-grew the good seed which yet still appeared in divers places of the field of the Catholike Church plain enough to prove a visible being both of the truth and professors of it till the Protestants made a more full declaration of it by refining the old truths from the drosse of heresie and popish superstition Mathe. I desire to have a more plain view of those hereticks that turned from Gospell truths And secondly how the Pope sell off being that the Roman Church did oftentimes excommunicate those hereticks And thirdly how the Protestants came to reform themselves they being once in the bowels of the Romish Church Phila. You know I have shewed many already among the persecuting hereticks yet it shall not be irksome to me if it be not to you to view them a little better especially the Manicheans who sprung up before Arrius with which heresie Augustine was entangled but the Lord God that bringeth good out of evill converted him by the pains of Ambrose Bishop of Millain and he became a great light to Gods people and a confuter of that cursed heresie Manicheus opinions were that there were two beginnings one evil and the other good which is all one as to say there be two Gods No wonder if their patron Manes called himselfe the Holy Ghost Maniches as Montanus did if he proceeded from such principles This Manes forbade flesh and wine neglected the old Testament ascribed the sin of man not to his free will Vid. Aug. cont Mani but necessity because he said mans body was made of the substance of the Prince of darknesse He died a fearfull death Theo. l. 4. c. 4. For as Arrius voided his guts at a draught-house before he came to dispute against the truth so this Manes was sent for being a Persian by the King of Persia to cure his son who died in his hands and he was imprisoned but escaped yet heard of in Mesopotamia was taken and flead Socrat. l. 1. c. 21. and his skin stuffed and set up at the gate of the City Mathe. Sir lest it be too much trouble to you and no great benefit to me to recite all the heresies I desire only the chiefe of them which do directly oppose true Religion Phila. I intend so and therefore first I will shew you the ancient heresies and then the modern that you may see how far the latter are raked out of the former We find some holding God to be like a man because Gen. 1.21 God is said to make man after his image Anthropomorphites but that in the soule and the endowments thereof wisedome and righteousnesse The Author of this heresie was
and then some to set up his truth as you have see And lastly Luther to oppose the Popes errors and King Henry the eighth to imitate his successors by abolishing his authority in England Now then to your third Question How Reformation went on after King Henry the eighth I have shewed you though that King did write against Luther and abolished the Popes power yet he persecuted the Protestants and those that professed Luthers doctrin of which there were many by reason of his books dispersed in England Luther himselfe was much troubled The Pope sends forth his roaring Bull against him he answereth it and appeals to the next generall Councill But his doctrine was very acceptable to good Christians generally though in some points they differed from him He died in â—slebia in the County of Mansfelt Febr. 17. 1546. where he was born Mathe. How thrived the Protestant Religion after Luther Phila. Beyond the seas fell out great troubles A Councill was called at Ratisbone to end controversies of Religion but no agreement and so the Emperour referred the controversie to the next generall or provinciall Councill of Germany but still the popish side desired to suppresse Luthers doctrine but yet decrees against Protestants were suspended yet the fire of malice broke out against them for Henry Duke of Brunsick invaded their Cities the Duke of Saxony resists him in the name of all the Protestants confederate at Smalcaldy and won all his dominions The Emperour and the King of France make peace and both covenant to join to restore the Romish Religion which cost France and Germany great troubles for the King of France sent Minerius Governor of Provence against the Waldenses of whom you have heard who dwelt in some part of that Countrie as in Merindol and Cabriere They of Merindol for fear fled into the woods He spoiled and burned their Towns left desolate Cabriere was delivered upon composition but yet none were spared but some killed in Churches some burned in barns some smothered in caves others sent to the Gallies others starved in the woods But God strook Minerius with a sad disease a fire scorched him within his limbs rotted made bloody urine and died in torments The Emperour Charls the fifth by policy suppresseth these Princes that upheld the Protestants as the Duke of Saxony and others as the Landgrave of Hesse About the year 1546. when the Councill of Trent was gathered to convene where the Emperour and the Pope made a league against the protestants and the Pope gave 200000 Crowns to make war against them to the Venetians and maintained an army for a while to cut them off The Emperour laboured hard with many of the Princes to submit to the Councill of Trent as also the free Cities and in hope they would he desired that the Councill of Trent which was carried from Trent to Bononia might come to Trent again which they refused upon which the Emperour disanulled all they did at Bononia and said he would take care of Religion himselfe And to this end consulted with Princes and Bishops about it who drew out a book of Reformation called Interim to which few would consent and many fled away to other Countries because they would not allow it As Musculus preacher of Ausburgh fled to Switzerland Brentius from Suere to the Duke of Wirtembergh Martin Bucer and Paulus Fagius from Germany to England The Pope himselfe would not allow it without correction because it allowed the marriage of Priests and the use of the Sacraments in both kinds though it maintained the rest of the Roman Religion But especially the City of Magdeburgh withstood the book nor acknowledged the Councill of Trent Mathe. How went things now in England Phila. King Edward the sixth now reigning the masse was there forbidden by Parliament and a Book of Common Praier set forth in the English tongue with an order of administration of Sacraments Bonner Bishop of London and Gardiner Bishop of Winchester for their obstinate defence of Romish doctrine were imprisoned But King Edward dying Queen Mary let them out and made great havock of the Protestants and restored the Popes supremacy and the masse in England and got the Parliament to crave absolution of the Pope and Cardinall Pool to absolve the Realm See Fox his Martyrology She neither spared Bishops Ministers nor common people nor spared those who had set her forward to obtain the Crown Her persecution was sharp but God shortned it by her death and Queen Elizabeth whose death was intended succeeded her Mathe. How thrived the Protestants cause now in England and other Countries Phila. In England popish Religion was abolished and the Popes supremacy disanulled King Edwards profession followed Anno 1. Eliza. and his Book of Common Praier allowed again by Parliament But Ferdinand the Emperour succceeding Charls the fift would endure no alteration of Religion and Henry the second King of France would not admit it neither but moved persecution but he being killed by the splinter of a spear at Tilting Francis the second his son succeeds and marrieth Mary Queen of Scots of the Guisian Family which Family endeavoured to abolish the Protestant Religion in France and sent an army into Scotland too for the same purpose which by the aids of Queen Elizabeth was forced to retire This King of France by the advice of the Guisians called a nationall Councill at Orleance under colour to settle Religion But there the Prince of Condie was seized upon and accused of practise against the King But this King shortly died and the Prince of Condie was cleared by a Parliament at Paris and young King Charls the ninth was committed to the care of the Queen Mother and the King of Navar. These governors appoint a disputation by the advice of the States of the Realme at Poyssie 1561. which was four years before Calvin died where Theodore Beza preacher of Geneva and Peter Martyr and Marlorat and the protestant party had the better and the popish side as the Cardinall of Lorain and others concluded with them that Christians do eat in the Sacrament spiritually by faith the body of Christ which died for for us although the Doctors of Sorbon would not agree thereto and so that disputation broke off After which the number of protestants increased and much fear there was of uproars But the Queen Mother assembled the estates at St Germane and made an Edict in January that the professors of the reformed Religion should assemble to hear sermons without the Town and unarmed which grieved the Guisian and popish faction who sought to get the King and Queen Mother into their hands and prevented the King of Navar from the reformed Religion upon hope to have the Kingdome of Navar restored to him againe by Philip King of Spain at the Popes mediation In the mean time the Duke of Guise raiseth an army First Civil war in France and murdered 1500. hundred poor unarmed protestants at Church in the
Spain had deserted the government of the Netherlands and therefore they abjured him and took a new oath to the severall magistrates of every Town and Province among themselves The Prince of Orange about the eighteenth of March 1582. was shot in his chamber by a villain through the cheek but he escaped death and the villain was executed and the Frier that set him on to do the work Many other treasons and plots he escaped laied by the Spaniard and the Prince of Parma But at last one Baltazar Gerard pistol'd him at the enticement of one of the Prince of Parmas Councellors as he confessed in hope of a great reward After his death and funerals the States chose his second son Grave Maurice about eighteen years of age to be their head and appointed a Councell to assist him The Prince of Parma recovered now many Towns The French King could not help the Netherlands because he feared the Leaguers who began again to raise troubles in France about 1585. but counselled them to commend their cause to Queen Elizabeth which they did and she assisted them with men and monie and shee had delivered her in caution for the monie Flushing the Castle of Ramekins and Bril and the two sconces This made the Spaniards to use the English hardly that were in his dominions Upon which by Queen Elizabeths commission they recompenced themselves upon the Spaniard at Sea The Pope and the King of Spain therefore Gregor 13. that in England the reformed religion flourished and that the Queen Elizabeth was a great assistant to the Protestant abroad devised how to invade England and depose Queen Elizabeth which plot shewed it selfe some ten years after in the great Armado 1588. called invincible yet by Gods providence the winds scattered it and the English fiered and sunk many so that of an hundred and thirty tall ships scarce thirty returned to carry newes what became of the rest And thus God delivered Queen Elizabeth from this as well as many other particular plots against her roiall person Mathe. Popery being now abolished and even vanquished in England especially did it continue now in peace and unity Phila. No for with hearts griefe I must tell you that those who were protestants by profession yet proved many of them prophane and schismaticall and raised great troubles in the Church Others through surfeting upon peace and the plenty of preaching and printing fell into strange fancies and uncouth opinions to the great dishonour of God and the true Religion Mathe. What were these Phila. In the year 1579. one Matthew Hamont a plough-wright Matthew Hamont maintained horrible heresies against Christ who was burned at Norwich see Stowes chro p. 685. Others fell out with the Church about government and ceremonies as Robert Brown and Harrison by whom and their abetters in Zeland the Church of England was condemned as no Church Others of loose life brought in nicknames upon people more godly then themselves as you shall find hereafter which bred much difference and heart-burnings whispering and evill surmises by which the people have been carried some to prosecute some to persecute one another Mathe. But before we search England resolve me I pray whether or not were the reformed professors quiet and at unity beyond the seas from whom we took fire to reform popery O have not they filled England as well with dissention as at first with Reformation Phila. Heresies and schismes have been in all Churches as tares mong the wheat And so in Germany and the Netherlands ever after reformation strange people sprung up of more strange opinions then faces or fashions As in 1521. Luther having published his doctrine very prosperously whether out of envy to his glory or by mistaking his writings or by misunderstanding Scriptures a strange sect sprung up certainly by Satans instigation in Saxony who boasted that they talked with God and he with them and that he commanded them to kill all the wicked viz. all that would not be of their sect Melancthoâ— The first Author of this sect was one Nicolas Stock Nicholas Stock who pretended that God spake to him by an Angell and revealed his will to him in dreams and promised him the Empire of the world and that the Saints must live alone in the world and he must be their leader to kill all Kings and Princes and clense the Church He said he could discern of spirits and of the elect of God Next to him succeeds his scholler Muncerus Lembertus Hortensius de Anab. Thomas Muncerus who preached in Alset in Thuringia where he gave an oath to his associats who promised to assist him in executing his doctrine which was to kill all the ungodly Princes and Magistrates for which the Duke of Saxony banished him and so he went to Nurenberg and was driven also from thence and so he came to Muthus in Thuringia again and many of his old disciples resorted to him and received his doctrins as oracles especially that part Jo. Sleid. com lib. 5. wherein he declared that all mens goods should be common and all men free and of equall dignity This doctrine brought to him 40000. who fell to pillaging great mens houses and brought away Noble men bound But Count Mansfelt raised an army with other assistants to resist them Muncer preacheth to his company that they should prevaile according to Gods promise namely by abusing some places of Scripture as Psal 68.23 and Psal 149. and perswaded them that they should dip their feet in the blood of the wicked and that their shot could do them no harm Which oration made his followers refuse favor offered them viz. to deliver up the authors of that sedition and return in peace to their dwellings So the Princes discharged their Ordnance upon them and broke their intrenchments of carts and slew many thousands of them upon which they fled and dispersed themselves but most of them to Frankhus whom the Counts army followed and took the Town and Muncer therein and Phifer his associate and executed them and three hundred more Muncerus at his death could shew neither faith nor devotion After him riseth up Melchior Hoffman Melchior Hoffman Ch. Nelles p. 11. who said he was Elias but venting the same errors at Strausburgh was imprisoned and his followers suppressed Then next rose up John Becold John of Leyden a Taylor of Leyden 1533. with many Hollanders he comming to Munster in Wesphalia he kept Conventicles and so seduced many The Magistrates commanded them to depart the City they went out at one gate and came in at another saying they would not desert the cause of God They inticed many neighboring Towns to assist them by fair promises of spirituall wealth and worldly riches and freedome from paying rent tribute or tithes So they turned the Citizens out of the Town plundered the Churches and houses and made orders that the inhabitants should bring in all their mony into the common stock upon
followers accounted him the Son of God that was to come to judge the world and whosoever obeieth not his doctrine shall be rooted out and that their Family of Love shall possesse the earth and their posterity shall remain for ever He made himselfe a greater light then Christ and said that in his light Christ was perfected and that he was codeified in God and God hominified in him and this they count the everlasting Gospell spoken of Rev. 11.15 They said the speech of Christ was made good in H.N. I must walk to day and to morrow Luke 13.32 and the third day I shall be perfected that is by to day is meant the time of Christ by to morrow the time of the Romish Religion and by the third day the time of H.N. and his Family If you demand how this Sect came into England I answer by those that translated the book of David George called the Wonder Book and H. N. his book called the Gospell of the Kingdome So did one Christopher Viret a Joiner in Southwark in Queen Maries daies translated some of them out of Dutch into English If you desire to know more of their blasphemous and abominable errors you may read their confession set down by Mr Knewstub and Henock Claphams book Mr Knewstub Conf. called the error of the right hand and of the left They be made up of many heresies their conversation is full of uncleannesse they partake with the old Adamites of whom St Augustine writeth who in their Conventicles or Paradice made warm by stoves they exercise the rites of their religion in praying hearing of sermons Lamb. Horten. p. 53. Gaftius p. 222. and receiving the Communion all naked both men and women Some of these have begun to practice their naked truth as they call it here in England since the year 1642. Mathe. But it may be Sir I shall not find these books and so shall not be able to discover them when they speake and therefore I pray tell me some of their errors which you can remember Phil. They say every one of their congregation is as perfect as Christ Familists opinions or else he is a devill the latter part whereof I do believe Also that it is lawfull to do whatsoever the higher power commands though it be against Gods command Herein they perform blind obedience like Papists and the Jesuits Novices If a man do so how doth he forsake his father and mother for Christ Or why said the Apostles to the higher powers that it was more fit to obey God then man So they affirm that in saying God the Father God the Son and God the Holy Ghost we acknowledge three Gods not perceiving we call them so because they are all but one God in essence 1 John 5.7 though three distinct persons Here they smell of the old heresie of Noetians that held there was but one person in the Godhead as the Socinians do now They say there is no other heaven nor hell than in this world among us What place then is that to which Christ is gone before to prepare for us or that fire foretold of Christ into which wicked men must depart So that they are not bound to give alms but to their own Sect yet St Paul saith do good to all So that there ought to be no contrary both to the Law and Gospell practice in all ages that there was a world before Adams time this is to be wise above what is written So that they ought not to bury their dead because it is said let the dead bury their dead Mat. 8.22 which he spake not as to have the dead neglected nor despising those that did that charitable work but to warn him that he out of too much care of worldly ceremonies neglect not the blessed state of life to which Christ called him saying follow me Also that they need not say Davids praiers because they have no sin but St John saith 1 John such deceive themselves and the truth is not in them But farther they have blasphemous opinions concerning God as that God hath no other Deity in himselfe but such as men partake of in this life 2 Pet. 1.4 Indeed we are said to partake of the divine nature but that is not by the participation of equality but of quality both of grace and glory not of the divine essence but the holy disposition or conditions thereof So they hold that Christ is not a person God and man but an estate or condition in men common to them only who have received the doctrine of Henry Nicholas So they say that Adam was all that God was and God all that Adam was as if God communicated his whole essence to Adam as to Christ which no man can well beleeve Again they would have none baptized till they be thirty yeers old Indeed Christ was not nor could not till there was one sent to baptize namely John the Baptist They say there was no truth preached since the Apostles times yes even that which they have often heard but perverted because they did not entertain it in a love thereof and so God hath given them up to delusions So they affirm that the resurrection of the body is only a rising from sin and wickednesse But St John tels us of another Rev. 20.5 6. Rev. 20.6 as well as St Paul in the 1 Cor. 15. They account marriage whoredome where the parties married have not true faith Yet surely it is more holy then the copulation of H. N. with the three women in his house clothed all alike and called his Wife Sister and Cousin which Cousin falling sick confessed that he had made unlawfull use of her body and made her beleeve she should never die The Governor hearing of it came to apprehend him but the unclean bird was fled so the Governor seized on his nest in the yeer 1556. even when H. N. was fifty seven yeers of age Knewstub p. 15.27 older than wiser As for their high conceits of H. N. that he could no more erre then Christ and of their great opinions of their illuminated elders I refer you to authors Knewstub p. 15.27 Mathe. Who else hath disturbed the Protestant Church Phila. The Antinomians so called Antinomians because they hold that there is no use of the Law under the Gospel Some say the first author of this Sect was one John Agricola of Isleby who set forth his opinions 1535. But the first that appeared here was John Eaton Curate of St Katherine Colemans Parish in London He writ the book called the Hony-comb wherein he endeavors to prove that God does not nor cannot see any sin in justified people That he seeth no sin to condemn them for is most true as Num. 23.21 He beheld no iniquity in Jacob to bring him under the curse yet he saw enough in Israel to punish them in the wildernesse To think otherwise is to take part with the
c. 24. Evag. l. 2. c. 5. c. 8. as the Church histories tell us For which uprores the Emperour Justinian took away that power from the people and setled in the Governors of the City to propound three two Novella Consti 123. or one orthodox and holy man without partiality and the Bishops were to ordaine him and if in six months this was not done then the Metropolitan might settle one So that we may see that the peoples election was not founded on Gods command but upon the reason of humane government and was subject to the Lawes and Canons of Princes and Priests Dist 61. S. for the rule was that in the choice of Priests the people was not to be followed but taught and therefore their power may be forfeited and transferred to the superiour and therefore if the multitude have a right then the Magistrate much more And we find that election of Bishops by default abuse or petition hath devolved to the Prince being a Christian Therefore lest variance should arise as oftentimes it did about the choice of a Bishop Theodosius the Emperor commanded the Bishops then present with him to settle Proclus in the Episcopal chair before Maximianus successor to Nestorius Bishop of Constantinople was buried Pelagius being chosen Bishop of Rome without the Emperors consent was excused by Gregory Platina in Pelag 2. because the Town was besieged and no messenger could passe to the Emperor Greg. Ep. l. 1. c. 5. Dist 62. S. breviter which Gregory was by the Emperor chosen Bishop of Rome without popular votes The Canon Law in this case hath a good rule viz the people is to present the Clergy to elect the Prince to consent Mathe. How came this to Princes hands at first Phila. There were at first few great Princes Christians and so could have no right in this businesse of electing Bishops 2. Bishops though they had greater authority than Presbyters yet they had no endowment but from the common charity and therefore the people after the Apostles time might justly expect some hand in the choice of them and so they had For Fabianus the nineteenth Bishop of Rome was chosen by their full consent and so they generally had it till after Constantine the Emperour But we read of Theodosius the elder commands the Bishops to give him a catalogue of such whom they thought fit to be made Bishop of Constantinople Sozom. l. 7. They did and the Emperour chose Nectarius one not yet baptized and hardly known yet the Councill though he was neither chosen by Clergy nor people thought it their duty after that he was baptized to pronounce him Bishop of Constantinople And this power in Princes arose sometimes from the desire of the Clergy as when Valentinian willed the Bishops to elect a Bishop of Millane to succeed Auxentius the Synod praied him being wise and religious to chuse one So sometimes by reason of differences in the choice it hath been referred to the Emperour and sometimes in regard of favour the Emperour had shewed to them in recalling them from banishment building Cities and Churches for them and giving them endowments to those Churches whereby the people were the more eased and the Bishops more free in the exercise of their function And this was much like the right of patronage which was alwaies allowed and is still with us here in England But if we search antiquity we shall find Synods allowing this power to Princes viz. that no man shall be ordained Bishop without the King Conc. Aurel. 51. Greg. Turonici hist Fran. The Kings of France kept this power and so have our Kings of England to themselves neither suffering Clergy nor people to meddle in the choice but by roiall assent no not the Pope himselfe Henry the first of England sent the Pope word that he would not lose the investiture of his Churches Mat. Paris in Hen. 1. an 1103 for the losse of his Kingdome And no wonder if Emperours and Kings looked narrowly to this power of which as the Pope did strive to rob them on the one side so did the Presbytery on the other Therefore the Statute of Provisors of benefices Stat. Edw. 3. anno 25. Westmo provides cleerly for the King in electing Bishops or collating Bishopricks And this is no more then was allowed to those that founded Churches and gave maintenance to them viz. to present a Clerk for they gave the Church so did the King Ansegilus legum Franciae lib. 1. cap. 84. Statut. de Marlebride Novella Consti 123. cap. 18. but neither King nor patron did consecrate or ordain nor may any Bishop nor authority refuse such being men of good life and learning if they doe the Plea of Quare impedit lieth against them The same liberty was given of ancient times by the Councill of Toledo an 654. And the Roman Lawes determined the same throughout the Empire by all which you may perceive how Princes had the power of electing Bishops Mathe. But I have heard some holy Fathers and Councils to have been against receiving of Bishops from the Princes Palace Phila. It is true Epist Athan. ad solit vitam agentes Athanasius saith that there is no Canon that a Bishop should be sent out of the Palace But Athanasius speaketh of such as were sent from Constantius the Emperour and placed in the Churches by force of his souldiers which was an invasion of the Churches rites because they had no admission by the Bishops So it is true that the second Councill of Nice alledged a Canon Nic. Syn. 2. Can. 3. that all elections of Bishops Presbyters or Deacons made by the Magistrate are void because a Canon saith that if any Bishop obtaine a Church by the help of the secular magistrate let him be deposed and put from the Lords Table and those that communicate with him But this Councill did not deny power to the Emperor or Prince to nominate but to impose a Bishop by his own command against both the Metropolitan and other Bishops admittance and ordination Nic. Syn. 2. Can. 3. Conc. Paris Can. 8. who should properly admit and ordaine them So the Council of Paris will have no Bishop imposed upon the people with the other Bishops leave viz. the Metropolitan and his Com-provincials for if any such were no man should accept him for Bishop And this was decreed long before in the Apostles Canons saying Can. Apost 30. If any Bishop resting on worldly governors by their help obtain a Church let him be deposed and excommunicated and all that join with him Mathe. How did the Bishops govern the Church Phila. They followed the Apostles rule namely to order their speciall congregations by their own singular power but in a matter wherein the whole Church was interessed they governed by Synods and Councils as the Apostles did also Acts 15. which Councils they at first before there was a Christian Magistrate called by
find fault with our Bishops succession from thence he being an holy man and martyr and his two messengers being faithfull Pastours But the Brittans being conquered by the Saxons we find that the Saxon Bishops were consecrated by Austin whom Gregory the first Bishop of Rome had formerly sent to bring the Brittans to his three rules First that the Brittish Clergy should be subject to the Bishop of Rome Secondly that they should conform to the Roman custome about the celebration of Easter Thirdly that they should join with him in preaching to the Saxons All this they Synodically refused so that Austin was fain to return to Rome to be consecrated himselfe and then to consecrate the Saxon Bishops alone without the assistance of any other Bishops Now they denying thus to be subject to Rome makes others suppose they had their consecration from some Greek Bishops of the East because they stood for the celebration of Easter with the Greek Church which yet was a schisme from the Councill of Nice who decreed it to be kept contrary to the Eastern custome and agreeable with the Church of Rome yet this sheweth that Brittish Bishops had no dependance on the Roman Bishop no more then they of the East who were consecrated without the Bishop of Rome's authority according to the Canons of the Councill of Nice Theodor. in lib. 5. cap. 9. that three of the Bishops of the same Province might consecrate another Bishop as occasion offered it selfe No doubt but Episcopacy was setled in England by the first Christians that came thither as Joseph and Simon Zelotes who having converted King Lucius and many of his people Clem. Epist 1. ad Jacobum fratrem Domini that King took away the Druids and Flamins and heathen Temples and divided them into Bishopricks which was an apostolicall constitution and as Vicar of Christ in his Kingly Office did settle fit men to supply those places and to be in authority over others upon which ground I suppose other succeeding Kings followed him as Ethelwald made wilfrid Bishop of South Saxons Malm. de Gest Pont. Aug. p. 257. and King Alfrid made Oenewolphus Bishop of Winchester Edward the Confessor made Robert a Monk Bishop of London and afterward Archbishop of Canterbury And as the Saxon Kings so did the Norman Kings the like For William the Conquerour chose Lanfrank to be Archbishop and King Rufus chose Anselm to be Archbishop of Canterbury And the Popes laied no claim to the English Churches patronage till the reign of Henry the first And we find anciently in the Greek and Latine Churches the Emperor did elect and erect Bishops and that by the desire of Synods as Valentinian the Emperour was so sollicited by the Synod of Millane So the Emperor Theodosius commanded the Bishops to set up Proclus for Bishop to succeed Maximian Theod. l. 4. c. 6. Soe l. 7. c. 90. Greg Ep. lib. 1. cap. 5. So Gregory the first was appointed by the Emperour Mauritius to succeed Pelagius Bishop of Rome whom the Pontificall it selfe in the life of Pelagius 580 years after Christ admireth as a new and strange accident that he was chosen Bishop without the Emperours consent though the reason was because the Longobards then besieged Rome so straitly that none could passe to the Emperour for his consent And this continued and upon some failings by occasions Dist 63. S. Adrianus was renued to the Emperor as by Pope Adrian to Charlemain and by Leo the eighth after Adrian 130 years in a Synod to Otho that he and his successors should appoint the Bishop of Rome by Ring and Staffe which continued in the Emperours 300 years after and was restored to Henry the fift anno 1111. by Pope Paschalis the second and was never taken from them but by treachery And the same course the Kings of France and England have alwaies used Greg. Turonens bist 10. c. 31. The Statutes of England make it plaine saying that the Church of England is founded in the state of Prelacy within the Realm by the King and Peers thereof 35. Edw. 1. Stat. of Carlile and denieth all the incrochments of the Bishop of Rome which is declared farther in the Statute of provisors and in the reign of Richard the second 16. Ric. 2. c. 5. But this was but only their election and appointment to the place by the Prince their consecration was done by the Clergy namely by the Metropolitan some of his comprovincials according to the Canon of the Nicen Synod Nic Syn. 2. Ca. 3 But how the three Archbishops and the twenty eight Bishops in the time of King Lucius Or appointed to that dignity by the King being Presbyters before for a Bishop is but a Presbyter exalted about two hundred years before that Councill were consecrated is somewhat questionable except done by some of the Eastern Patriarchs or Bishops whose opinion about the celebration of Easter the Brittish Bishops held a long time according to the old rule Obedience followeth ordination Mathe. Why are some men such enemies to Bishops Phila. By envy of their dignity and place as I have said before which makes men swell as the toad in the Fable to be as big as the ox Others out of selfe love and conceit that they like Absolom could do much better if they had their places Others out of a desire of parity And some out of covetousnesse like Judas to put Christ and the Churches portion into their purse and so raise themselves because they cannot be raised and speak evill of others because no body can justly speak well of them For these reasons many have troubled the Church and turned Schismaticks and Hereticks As Thebulis Eus hist l. 4. c. 21. because he could not be a Bishop corrupted the Church with grosse opinions from whence sprung many sects and wretched Hereticks So Arrius because one Alexander had the dignity which he desired Theod. l. 1. c. 2. he broached that damnable heresie that Christ was not of the same substance with the Father So Donatus because he could not be Bishop of Carthage before Cecilianus he pretended that none were of the true Church but himselfe and his followers Aug. de heres c. 22. So Aerius that giddy brain'd heretick said there was no difference between a Presbyter and a Bishop with whom the Acephali may be sharers though sprung from one Severus Antiochenus men without an head or without wit so called because they would not live under an head Governor or Bishop Niceph. lib. 18. cap. 45. Eccl. hist except necessity drew them to it and thought they might add their fancies to the Creed it selfe as some in our time that think it lawfull enough to patch up a new Religion with old heresies or new inventions But though these men are against Bishops yet I could wish they were not against Episcopacy lest they fall into the very quintessence of schisme for Bishops may be