other Indians their weapons of Defence and Offence are Bowes and Arrowes of late he is a poor Indian that is not master of two Guns which they purchase of the French and powder and shot they are generally excellent marks men their other weapons are Tamahawks which are staves two foot and a half long with a knob at the end as round as a bowl and as big as that we call the Jack or Mistriss Lances too they have made as I have said before with broken sword blades likewise they have Hatchers and knives but these are weapons of a latter date They colour their faces red all over supposing that it makes them the more terrible they are lusty Souldiers to see to and very strong meer Hercules Rusticuses their fights are by Ambushments and Surprises coming upon one another unawares They will march a hundred miles through thick woods and swamps to the Mowhawks Countrey and the Mowhawks into their Countrey meeting sometimes in the woods or when they come into an Enemies Countrey build a rude fort with Pallizadoes having loop-holes out of which they shoot their Arrowes and fire their Guns pelting at one another a week or moneth together If any of them step out of the Fort they are in danger to be taken prisoners by the one side or the other that side that gets the victory excoriats the hairscalp of the principal slain Enemies which they bear away in Triumph their prisoners they bring home the old men and women they knock in the head the young women they keep and the men of war they torture to death as the Eastern Indians did two Mâ—whawks whilst I was there they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before him then with sharp knives they cut off the first joynts of his fingers and toes then câ—ap upon them hot Embers to sear the vains so they cut him a pieces joynt after joynt still applying hot Embers to the place to stanch the bloud making the poor wretch to sing all the while when Arms and Legs are gone they flâ—y off the skin of their Heads and presently put on a Cap of burning Embers then they open his breast and take out his heart which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their old Squaes who are every one to have a bite at it These Barbarous Customs were used amongst them more frequently before the English came but since by the great mercy of the Almighty they are in a way to be Civilized and converted to Christianity there being three Churches of Indians gathered together by the pains of Mr. John Eliot and his Son who Preaches to them in their Native language and hath rendered the Bible in that Language for the benefit of the Indians These go clothed like the English live in framed houses have flocks of Corn and Cattle about them which when they are fat they bring to the English Markets the Hogs that they rear are counted the best in New-England Some of their Sons have been brought up Scholars in Harvard Colledge and I was told that there was but two Fellowes in that Colledge and one of them was an Indian some few of these Christian Indians have of late Apostatized and fallen back to their old Superstition and course of life Thus much shall suffice concerning New-England as it was when the Indians solely possest it I will now proceed to give you an accompt of it as it is under the management of the English but methinks I hear my sceptick Readers muttering out of their scuttle mouths what will accrew to us by this rambling Logodiarce you do but bring straw into Egypt a Countrey abounding with Corn. Thus by these Famacides who are so minutely curious I am dejected from my hope whilst they challenge the freedom of David's Russins Our Tongues are our own who shall controll us I have done what I can to please you I have piped and you will not dance I have told you as strange things as ever you or your Fathers have heard The Italian saith Chi vide un miraculo facilmente ne crede un altro he that hath seen one miracle will easilie believe another miranda canunt sed non credenda poetae Oh I see the pad you never heard nor saw the like therefore you do not believe me well Sirs I shall not strain your belief and further the following Relation I hope will be more tolerable yet I could it is possible insert as wonderful things as any my pen hath yet gone over and may but it must be upon condition you will not put me to the proof of it Nemo tenetur ad impossibilia no man is obliged to do more than is in his power is a rule in law To be short if you cannot with the Bee gather the honey with the Spider suck out the poyson as Sir John Davis hath it The Bee and Spider by a divers power Suck honey and poyson from the self-same flower I am confident you will get but little poyson here no 't is the poyson of Asps under your tongue that swells you truly I do take you rather to be Spider catchers than Spiders such as will not laudably imploy themselves nor suffer others you may well say non amo hominem sed non possum dicere quare unless it be because I am a Veronessa no Romancer To conclude if with your mother wit you can mend the matter take pen in hand and fall to work do your Countrey some service as I have done according to my Talent Henceforth you are to expect no more Relations from me I am now return'd into my Native Countrey and by the providence of the Almighty and the bounty of my Royal Soveraigness am disposed to a holy quiet of study and meditation for the good of my soul and being blessed with a transmentitation or change of mind and weaned from the world may take up for my word non est mortale quod opto If what I have done is thought uprears for the approvement of those to whom it is intended I shall be more than meanly contented new-New-England was first discovered by John Cabota and his Son Sebastian in Anno Dom. 1514. A further discovery afterwards was made by the honourable Sir Walter Rawleigh Knight in Anno 1584. when as Virginia was discovered which together with Mary-land new-New-England Nova Scotia was known by one common name to the Indians Wingandicoa and by Sir Walter Rawleigh in honour of our Virgin Queen in whose nâ—me he took possâ—ssion of it Virginia In King James his Reign it was divided into Provinces as is before named In 1602. these north parts were further discovered by Capt. Bartholomew Gosnold The first English that planted there set down not far from the Narragansets-Bay and called their Colony Plimouth since old Plimouth An. Dom. 1602. Sir John Popham Lord chief Justice authorized by his Majesty King James sent a Colony of English to Sagadebock An. 1606. Newfound-land was discovered
by one Andrew Thorn an English man in Anno 1527. Sir Humphrey Gilbert a west Countrey Knight took possession of it in the Queens name Anno 1582. The two first Colonies in new-New-England failing there was a fresh supply of English who set down in other parts of the Countrey and have continued in a flourishing condition to this day The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies and for your better understanding observe a Colony is a sort of people that come to inhabit a place before not inhabited or Colonus quasi because they should be Tillers of the Earth From hence by an usual figure the Countrey where they sit down is called a Colony or Plantation The first of these that I shall relate of though last in possession of the English is now our most Southerly Colony and next adjoyning to Mary-land scil the Manadâ—es or Manahanent lying upon the great Râ—ver Mohegan which was first discovered by Mr. Hudson and sold presently by him to the Dutch without Authority from his Soveraign the King of England Anno 1608. The Dutch in 1614 began to plant there and call'd it New-Netherlands but Sir Samuel Argal Governour of Virginia routed them the Dutch after this got leave of King James to put in there for fresh water in their passage to Brasile and did not offer to plant until a good while after the English were settled in the Countrey In Anno 1664 his Majestie Charles the Second sent over sour worthie Gentlemen Commissioners to reduce the Colonies into their bounds who had before incroached upon one another who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to Manadaes or Manhataes took from the Dutch their chief town then called New-Amsterdam now New York the Twenty ninth of August turn'd out their Governour with a silver leg and all but those that were willing to acknowledge subjection to the King of England suffering them to enjoy their houses and estates as before Thirteen days after Sir Robert Care took the Fort and Town of Auravia now called Albany and Twelve days after that the Fort and Town of Awsapha then De-la-ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds So now the English are masters of three handsome Towns three strong Forts and a Castle not losing one man The first Governour of these parts for the King of England was Colonel Nicols a noble Gentleman and one of his Majesties Commissioners who coming for England in Anno Dom. 1668 as I take it surrendered the Government to Colonel Longlace The Countrey here is bless'd with the â—ichest soil in all New-England I have heard it reported from men of Judgement and Integrity that one Bushel of European-Wheat hath yielded a hundred in one year Their other Commodities are Furs and the 〈◊〉 New-York is situated at the mouth of the great River Mohegan and is built with Dutch Brick alla-moderna the meanest house therein being valued at One hundred pounds to the Landward it is compassed with a Wall of good thickness at the entrance of the River is an Island well fortified and hath command of any Ship that shall attempt to pass without their leave Albany is situated upon the same River on the West-side and is due North from New-York somewhat above Fifty miles Along the Sea-side Eastward are many English-Towns as first Westchester a Sea-Town about Twenty miles from New-York to the Eastward of this is Greenwich another Sea-Town much about the same distance then Chichester Fairfield Stratford Milford all Sea-Towns twenty and thirty mile distant from one another twenty miles Eastward of Milford is Newhaven the Metropolis of the Colony begun in 1637. One Mr. Eaton being there Governour it is near to the shoals of Cape Cod and is one of the four united Colonies The next Sea-Town Eastward of New-haven is called Guilford about ten mile and I think belonging to that Colony From Guilford to Connecticut-River is near upon twenty miles the fresh River Connecticut bears the name of another Colony begun in the year 1636 and is also one of the four united Colonies Upon this River are situated 13 Towns within two three four miles off one another At the mouth of the River on the West-side is the Lord-Say and Brooks for t called Saybrook-fort Beyond this Northward is the Town of Windsor then Northampton then Pinsers-house On the Eastside of the River Hartford about it low land well stored with meadow and very fertile Wethersfield is also situated upon Connecticut River and Springfield but this Town although here seated is in the jurisdiction of the Mattachusets and hath been infamous by reason of Witches therein Hadley lyes to the Northward of Springfield New-London which I take to be in the jurisdiction of this Coloney is situated to the Eastward of Connecticut-River by a small River and is not far from the Sea From Connecticut-River long Island stretcheth it self to Mohegan one hundred and twenty miles but it is but marrow and about sixteen miles from the main the considerablest Town upon it is Southampton built on the Southside of the Island towards the Eastern end opposite to this on the Northernside is Feversham Westward is Ashford Huntingdon c. The Island is well stored with Sheep and other Cattle and Corn and is reasonable populous Between this Island and the mouth of Connecticut-River lyeth three small Islands Shelter-Island Fishers-Island and the Isle of Wight Over against New-London full South lyeth Block-Island The next place of note on the Main is Narragansets-Bay within which Bay is Rhode-Island a Harbour for the Shunamitish Brethren as the Saints Errant the Quakers who are rather to be esteemed Vagabonds than Religious persons c. At the further end of the Bay by the mouth of Narragansets-River on the South-side thereof was old Plimouth plantation Anno 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea South of Rhode-Island lyeth Martins vineyard in the way to Virginia this Island is governed by a discreet Gentleman Mr. Mayhew by name To the Eastward of Martin's vinyard lyeth Nantocket-Island and further Eastward Elizabeths-Island these Islands are twenty or thirty mile asunder and now we are come to Cape-Cod Cape-Cod was so called at the first by Captain Gosnold and his Company Anno Dom. 1602 because they took much of that fish there and afterward was called Cape-James by Captain Smith the point of the Cape is called Point-Cave and Tuckers Terror and by the French and Dutch Mallacar by reason of the perillous shoals The first place to be taken notice of on the South-side of the Cape is Wests-Harbour the first Sea-Town Sandwich formerly called Duxbury in the Jurisdiction of New-Plimouth Doubling the Cape we come into the great Bay on the West whereof is New-Plimouth-Bay on the Southwest-end of this Bay is situated New Plimouth the first English-Colony that took firm possession in this Countrey which was in 1620 and the first Town built therein whose longitude is 315 degrees in latitude 41 degrees and 37 minutes it was built nine years before any other
drawn our she put in her hand again and felt a lump in his body as big as a half-peny loaf strongly fastned to his back and much ado she had to pull it out I found it to be a tuff bag containing stuff like liver and very heavie at one end of the bag another little bag filled with a fatty matter his gizard liver and heart wasted The Pipe or Roupe is a common disease amongst their poultry infecting one another with it I conceive it cometh of a cold moisture of the brain they will be very sleepie with it the best cure for it is Garlick and smoaking of them with dryed Hysope In September following my Arrivage in the Massachusets about the twelfth hour of the eight day I shipt my self and goods in a Bark bound to the East-ward meeting as we sailed out the Dutch Governour of New-Netherlands who was received and entertained at Boston by the Governour and Magistrates with great solemnity About nine of the clock at night we came to Salem and lay aboard all night The Ninth day we went ashore to view the Town which is a mile long and lay that night at a Merchants house The Tenth day we came from Salem about twelve of the clock back to Marble-head here we went ashore and recreated our selves with Musick and a cup of Sack and saw the Town about ten at night we returned to our Bark and lay aboard The Eleventh being Saturday and the wind contrary we came to Charles-town again about twelve of the clock we took store of Mackarel The Thirteenth being Monday we went aboard again about nine of the clock in the morning and out to Sea about Sun going down we took store of Mackarel The wind was scanty all along and in the night time we durst not bear much sail because of the Rocks and foaming breakers that lay in our way The Fourteenth day we came up with Pascataway or Pascatique where there is a large River and a fair harbour within here is seated a Colony properly belonging to the Heirs of Captain Mason sometime since of London but taken into the Colony of Massachusets by what right I will not here discuss The chiefest places of note are the Bay or Harbour North from Boston on the West-side of the Harbour are built many fair houses and so in another part called Strawberry-bank By the Harbour is an Island which of late days is filled with buildings besides there are two Towns more seated up higher upon the River the one called Dâ—ver the River-banks are clothed with stately Timber and here are two miles meadow land and arable enough the other town is called Excester At the River Pascataway begins the Province of Main having pleased our selves with the sight of Pascataway at a distance we sailed on and came to Black-point The Fifteenth day about eight of the clock at night where the next day I was shrewdly pinched with a great frost but having two or three bottles of excellent Passada and good cheer bestowed upon me I made a shift to bear it out and now we are in the Province of Main The Province of Main or the Countrey of the Troquoes heretofore called Laconia or New-Summersetshire is a Colony belonging to the Grandson of Sir Ferdinando Gorges of Ashton Phillips in the County of Sommerset the said Sir Ferdinando Gorges did expend in planting several parts of New-England above Twenty thousand pounds sterling and when he was between three and four score years of age did personally engage in our Royal Martyrs service and particularly in the Seige of Bristow and was plundered and imprisoned several times by reason whereof he was discountenanced by the pretended Commissioners for forraign plantations and his Province incroached upon by the Massachusets Colony who assumed the Government thereof His Majestie that now Reigneth sent over his Commissioners to reduce them within their bounds and to put Mr. Gorges again into possession But there falling out a contest about it the Commissioners settled it in the Kings name until the business should be determined before his Majestie and gave Commissions to the Judge of their Courts and the Justices to Govern and Act according to the Laws of England by such Laws of their own as were not repugnant to them But as soon as the Commissioners were returned for England the Massachusets enter the province in a hostile manner with a Troop of Horse and Poot and turn'd the Judge and his Assistants off the Bench Imprisoned the Major or Commander of the Militia threatned the Judge and some others that were faithful to Mr. Gorges interests I could discover many other foul proceedings but for some reasons which might be given I conceive it not convenient to make report thereof to vulgar ears quae supra nos nihil ad nos Onely this I could wish that there might be some consideration of the great losses charge and labour which hath been sustained by the Judge and some others for above thirty years in upholding the rights of Mr. Gorge and his Sacred Majesties Dominion against a many stubborn and elusive people Anno Dom. 1623. Mr. Robert Gorge Sir Ferdinando Gorges brother had for his good service granted him by Patent from the Council of Plimouth all that part of the Land commonly called Massachusiack situated on the North-side of the Bay of Massachusets Not long after this Sir Ferdinando Gorges had granted to him by Patent from the middest of Merrimack River to the great River Sagadehock then called Laconia In 1635. Capt. William Gorge Sir Ferdinandâ—'s Nephew was sent over Governour of the Province of Main then called New-Summersetshire Sir Ferdinando Gorge received a Charter-Royal from King Charles the first the third of April in the Fifttenth of his Raign granting to him all that part and portion of new-New-England lying and being between the River of Pascataway that is beginning at the entrance of Pascataway-harbour and so to pass up the same into the River of Newichawanoe or Neqhechewanek and thâ—â—ugh the same unto the farthest head thereof aforesaid North-eastward along the Sea-coasts for Sixty miles to Sagadehac-River to Kencheck even as far as the head thereof and up into the main land North-westward for the space of one hundred and twenty miles To these Territories are adjoyned the North half-Isle of Sholes with several other Islands it lyeth between 44 degrees and 45 of Northerly latitude The River Canada on the North-east the Sea coast South amongst many large Royalties Jurisdictions and Immunities was also granted to the said Sir Ferdinando Gorge the same Royalties priviledges and franchises as are or of right ought to be enjoyed by the Bishop of Durham in the County Palatine of Durham the planters to pay for every hundred Acres of land yearly two shillings six pence that is such land as is given to them and their Heirs for ever The Officers by Patent are a Deputy Governour a Chancellor a Treasurer a Marshal for Souldiers and Admiraltie for Sea
New-England from the first year of their setling there to purpose to this present year of our Lord 1673. with many other things by the way inserted and worth the observing I present unto your view in this ensuing Table Anno Mundi 3720 Britain known to the Graecians as appeared by Polybius the Greek Historian 265 years before the Birth of our Saviour after him Athenaeus a Greek Author of good account 170 before Christ relateth that Hiero sent for a mast for a great Ship that he had built to Britain Anno Mundi 3740 Hanno the Carthaginian flourished who sent to discover the great Island Atlantis i. e. America Anno Mundi 3873 Britain unknown to the Romans was first discovered to them by Julius Caesar 54 years before the Birth of Christ who took it to be part of the Continent of France and got nothing but the sight of that part called afterwards England which is the South of Britain Anno Domini 86 Britain discovered to be an Island and conquered by Julius Agricola 136. years after Julius Caesars entrance into it Anno Domini 99 The Emperour Trajan flourished and stretched the Confines of the Roman Enpire unto the remotest Dominions of the East-Indies who never before that time had heard of a Roman Anno Domini 745 Boniface Bishop of Mens a City in Germany was accused before Pope Zachary in the time of Ethelred King of the East-Angles for Heresie c. in that he averred there were Antipodes St. Augustine and Lactantius opinion was that there were none Anno Domini 827 Egbert the Saxon Monarch changed the name of the people in England and called them English-men Anno Domini 844 The Turks or Scythians came from thence in the time of Ethelwolf King of the West-Saxons If the Ottoman-line should fail the Chrim Tartar is to succeed being both of one Family Anno Domini 959 Edgar Sirnamed the Peaceable the 30 Monarch of the English caused the Wolves to be destroyed by imposing a Tribute upon the Princes of Wales and Fage Prince of North-Wales paid him yearly 300 Wolves which continued three years space in the fourth year there was not a Wolf to be found and so the Tribute ceased Anno Domini 1160 In the Emperours Frederick Barbarossa's time certain West-Indians came into Germany Anno Domini 1170 Madoc the Son of Owen Gwineth Prince of North-Wales his voyage to the West-Indies he planted a Colony in the Western part of the Countrey in our Henry the Seconds Raign Anno Domini 1300 Flavio of Malphi in Naples invented the Compass in our Edward the firsts time Anno Domini 1330 The Canaries discovered by an English Ship Anno Domini 1337 In Edward the third's time a Comet appeared continuing 30 days Anno Domini 1344 Machan an English-man accidentally discovered Madera-Island Anno Domini 1350 Estotiland discovered by fishermen of Freez-land in Edward the third's Raign Anno Domini 1360 The Franciscan-Fryer Nicholas de Linne who is said to discover the Pole by his black Art went thither in the Raign of Edward the Third Anno Domini 1372 Sir John Mandivel the Great Traveller dyed at Leige a City in the Netherland Provinces in Edward the Third's Raign Anno Domini 1380 Nicholas and Antonio Zeni two Noble Gentlemen of Venice were driven by Tempest upon the Island of Estotiland or Gronland in our Edward the Third's Raign Anno Domini 1417 The Canaries Conquered by Betan-Court a Frenchman Anno Domini 1420 The Island of Madera discovered in our Henry the Fifth's time Anno Domini 1428 The Island Puerto Santo or Holy-port distant from Madera 40 miles discovered by Portingal Mariners on All-hallowes-day and therefore called Holy-port it is in compass 150 miles in Henry the Sixth's Raign Anno Domini 1440 The Island of Cape de verd discovered Anno Domini 1452 The Marine parts of Guinea discovered by the Portingals in Henry the Sixth's Raign Anno Domini 1478 Ferdinando first Monarch of all Spain Anno Domini 1485 Henry the Seventh began to Raign Anno Domini 1486 The Kingdom of Angola and Congo with the Islands of St. George St. James and St. Helens discovered Anno Domini 1488 Christopher Columbus a Genouese offered the discovery of the West-Indies to Henry the Seventh Anno Domini 1492 Christopher Columbus sent to discover the West-Indies by Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella Queen of Castile who descended from Edward the Third King of England The Caribby-Islands the Antilles or Caniâ—al or Camerean-Islands now discovered by Christopher Columbus and took possession of Florida and Hispaniola for the King of Spain Anno Domini 1493 Alexander the Sixt Pope of Rome a Spaâ—iard took upon him to divide the world â—y his Bull betwixt the Portingal and the â—paniard bearing date the fourth of May â—iving to the one the East and to the other â—he West Indies St. Jean Porto Rico discovered by Christopher Columbus Cuba and Jamaica discovered by him this was his second voyage Anno Domini 1495 Sebastian Cabota the first that attempted to discover the North-west passage at the charge of Henry the Seventh Anno Domini 1497 Christopher Columbus his third voyage to the West Indies and now he discovered the Countreys of Paria and Cumana with the Islands of Cubagua and Margarita John Cabota and his Son Sebastian Cabota sent by Henry the Seventh to discover the West-Indies which they performed from the Cape of Florida to the 67 degree and a half of Northerly latitude being said by some to be the first that discovered Florida Virginia and New-found-land Vasques de Gama his voyage to Africa Anno Domini 1500 Christopher Columbus his fourth and last voyage to the West-Indies Jasper Corteriaglis a Portugal his voyage to discover the North-West passage he discovered Greenland or Terra Corteriaglis or Terra di Laborodoro Anno Domini 1501 Amerious Vesputius a Florentine imployed by the King of Castile and Portingal to discover the West-Indies named from him Seven year after Columbus America Anno Domini 1506 Christopher Columbus dyed Anno Domini 1508 Henry the Seventh dyed August the Two and twentieth Henry the Eighth King of England Anno Domini 1514 Sebastian Cabota the Son of John made further discovery of all the North-east coasts from Cape Florida to New-found-land and Terra Laborador Anno Domini 1516 The voyage of Sir Thomas Pert Vice-Admiral of England and Sebastian Cabota the Eighth of Henry the Eighth to Brasil St. Domingo and St. Juan de puerto rico Anno Domini 1520 Ferdinando Magellano a noble Portingal set forth to sail about the world but was 1521 unfortunately slain Anno Domini 1522 The Bermuduz-Isle 400 in number being 500 miles distant from Virginia aâ—d 3300 miles from the City of London in the latitude 32 degrees and 30 minutes discovered now accidentally by John Bermuduz a Spaniard Anno Domini 1523 Stephen Gomez his voyage to discover the North-west passage some will have it in Twenty five Anno Domini 1527 New-found-land discovered
by one Andrew Thorn the Southern part but 600 leagues from England John de Ponce for the Spaniard took possession of Florida Anno Domini 1528 Nevis or Mevis planted now according to some writers Anno Domini 1534 Califormia questioned â—â—â—ther Island or Continent first discovered be the Spaniard Nova Francia lying between the 40 and 50 degree of the Artic-poles Altitude discovered by Jaques Carthier in his first voyage the first Colony planted in Canada Anno Domini 1536 The Puritan-Church policy began now in Geneva Anno Domini 1542 Monsieur du Barvals voyage to Nova Francia sent to inhabite those parts Anno Domini 1548 Henry the Eighth dyed Edward the Sixth King of England began to Raign Sebastian Cabota made grand Pilot of England by Edward the Sixth Anno Domini 1550 The sweating sickness in England Anno Domini 1553 Edward the Sixth dyed Mary Queen of England began to Raign Sir Hugh Willoughby and all his men in two Ships in his first attempt to discover the North-east passage were in October frozen to death in the Haven called Arzima in Lapland Anno Domini 1558 Queen Mary dyed Elizabeth Queen of England began to Raign November the Seventeenth Anno Domini 1560 Salvaterra a Spaniard his voyage to the North-west passage Anno Domini 1562 Sir John Hawkin's first voyage to the West-Indies The first expedition of the French into Florida undertaken by John Ribald Anno Domini 1565 Tobacco first brought into England by Sir John Hawkins but it was first brought into use by Sir Walter Rawleigh many years after Anno Domini 1566 The Puritans began to appear in England Anno Domini 1569 Anthony Jenkinson the first of the English that sailed through the Caspian-Sea Anno Domini 1572 Private Presbyteries now first erected in England Sir Francis Drake's first voyage to the West-Indies Anno Domini 1573 The Hollanders seek for aid from Queen Elizabeth Anno Domini 1576 Sir Martin Frobisher the first in Queen Elizabeths days that sought for the Northwest passage or the streight or passage to China and meta incognita in three several voyages others will have it in 1577. Anno Domini 1577 November the 17 Sir Francis Drake began his voyage about the world with five Ships and 164 men setting sail from Plimouth putting off Cape de verde The beginning of February he saw no Land till the fifth of April being past the line 30 degrees of latitude and in the 36 degree entered the River Plates whence he fell with the streight of Magellan the 21 of August which with three of his Ships he passed having cast off the other two as impediments to him and the Marigold tossed from her General after passage was no more seen The other commanded by Capt. Winter shaken off also by Tempest returned thorow the Streights and recovered England only the Pellican whereof himself was Admiral held on her course to Chile Coquimbo Cinnama Palma Lima upon the west of America where he passed the line 1579 the first day of March and so forth until he came to the latitude 47. Thinking by those North Seas to have found passage to England but fogs frosts and cold winds forced him to turn his course South-west from thence and came to Anchor 38 degrees from the line where the King of that Countrey presented him his Net-work Crown of many coloured feathers and therewith resigned his Scepter of Government unto his Dominion which Countrey Sir Francis Drake took possession of in the Queens name and named it Nova Albion which is thought to be part of the Island of Califormia Sir Martin Frobisher's second voyage Anno Domini 1578 Sir Humphrey Gilbert a Devonshire Knight attempted to discover Virginia but without success Sir Martin Frobisher's third voyage to Meta incognita Freezeland now called west-West-England 25 leagues in length in the latitude of 57. Sir Francis Drake now passed the Streights of Magellan in the Ship called the Pellican Anno Domini 1579 Sir Francis Drake discovered Nova Albion in the South-Sea Others will have Sir Martin Frobisher's first voyage to discover the North-west passage to be this year Anno Domini 1580 From Nova Albion he fell with Ternate one of the Isles of Molucco being courteously entertained of the King and from thence he came unto the Isles of Calebes to Java Major to Cape buona speranza and fell with the coasts of Guinea where crossing again the line he came to the height of the Azâ—res and thence to England upon the third of November 1580. after three years lacking twelve days and was Knighted and his Ship laid up at Deptford as a monument of his fame Anno Domini 1581 The Provinces of Holland again seek for aid to the Queen of England Anno Domini 1582 Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of New found-land or Terra Nova in the harbour of St. John for and in the name of Queen Elizabeth it lyeth over against the gulf of St. Lawrence and is between 46 and 53 degrees of the North-poles Altitude Anno Domini 1583 Sir Walter Rawleigh in Ireland Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempted a plantation in some remote parts in new-New-England He perished in his return from New-found-land Anno Domini 1584 The woful year of subscription so called by the Brethren or Disciplinarians Sir Walter Rawleigh obtained of Queen Elizabeth a Patent for the discovery and peopling of unknown Countries not actually possessed by any Christian Prince Dated March 25. in the six and twentieth of her Raign April the 27 following he set forth two Barkes under the Command of Mr. Philip Amedas and Mr. Arthur Barlow who arrived on that part of America which that Virgin Queen named Virginia and thereof in her Majesties name took possession July the Thirteenth Anno Domini 1585 Cautionary Towns and Forts in the low-Countreys delivered unto Queen Elizabeths hands Sir Richard Greenvile was sent by Sir Walter Rawleigh April the Ninth with a Fleet of 7 sail to Virginia and was stiled the General of Virginia He landed in the Island of St. John de porto Rico May the Twelfth and there fortified themselves and built a Pinnasse c. In Virginia they left 100 men under the Government of Mr. Ralph Lane and others Sir Francis Drake's voyage to the West-Indies wherein were â—â—ken the Cities of St. Jago St. Domingo Cartagena and the Town of St. Augustine in Florida Now say some Tobacco was first brought into England by Mr. Ralph Lane out of Virginia Others will have Tobacco to be first brought into England from Peru by Sir Francis Drake's Mariners Capt. John Davies first voyage to discover the North-west passage encouraged by Sir Francis Walsingham principal Secretary Anno Domini 1586 Mr. Thomas Candish of Trimely in the County of Suffolk Esq began his voyage in the ship called the Desire and two ships more to the South-Sea through the Streights of Magellan and from thence round about the circumserence of the whole earth burnt and ransack'd in the entrance of
Chile Peru and New-Spain near the great Island of Calformia in the South-Sea and returned to Plimouth with a pretious booty 1588. September the Eighth being the Third since Magellan that circuited the earth our English voyagers were never out-stript by any The Natives in Virginia conspired against the English The same year Sir Richard Greenvile General of Virginia arrived there with three ships bringing relief from Sir Walter Rawleigh to the Colony Mr. John Davies second voyage to discover the North-west passage Anno Domini 1587 Sir Walter Rawleigh sent another Colony of 150 persons under the Government of Mr. John White Mr. John Davies third voyage to discover the North-west passage Sir Francis Drake with four ships took from the Spaniards one million 189200 Ducats in one voyage Anno Domini 1588 Queen Elizabeth opposed her Authority against the Brethrens books and writings Sir Francis Drake Vice-Admiral of the English Fleet the Lord-Admiral bestowed the order of Knight-hood upon Mr. John Hawkius Martin Forbisher and others July the Five and twentieth The Spanish Armado deseated consisting of 130 ships wherein were 19290 Souldiers 2080 chained Rowers 2630 great Ordnance Commanded by Perezius Guzman Duke of Medina Sedonia and under him Johannes Martinus Recaldus a great Seaman The Fleet coming on like a half-moon the horns of the front extending one from the other about 7 miles asunder it was preparing 15 years and was blackt to make it seem more terrible Anno Domini 1589 The Portingal voyage under the conduct of Sir Francis Drake Mr. Thomas Candish now finished his voyage about the world as some will have it Anno Domini 1590 Now Tobacco first used in England as some will have it Anno Domini 1591 The first Englishman that ever was in the Bermuduze or Summer-Islands was one Henry May. The voyage of Capt. Newport to the West-Indies where upon the coast of Hispaniola he took and burnt three Towns and Nineteen sail of ships and Frigats Mr. Thomas Candish last voyage in which he dyed Anno Domini 1593 Sir Martin Frobisher Commander of the English Fleet slain in the quarrel of H. King of Navarr The last voyage of Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins to the West-Indies with six ships of the Queens and twelve other ships and Barks containing 2400 men and boyes in which voyage they both dyed and Sir Francis Drake's Coffen was thrown over board near Porto bello Anno Domini 1594 Sir Robert Duddeleys voyage to Trinadad and the ceast of Paria Mr. James Lancasters voyage to Fernambuck the port Town of Olinda in Brazil in which voyage he took 29 ships and Frigats surprized the said port Town and there found the Cargazon or fraught of a rich Indian Carack which together with great abundance of Sugars and Cottons he brought from thence lading therewith fifteen sail of tall ships and barks Anno Domini 1595 The voyage of Sir Amias Preston Capt. George Sommers to the West-Indies where they took sackt spoiled and abandoned the Island of Puerto Santo the Island of Cock near Margarita the Fort and Town of Coro the stately City of St. Jago de leon and the Town of Cumana ransomed and Jamaica entered Sir Walter Rawleigh's voyage now to Guiana discovered by him In which voyage he took St. Joseph a Town upon Trinidado The Sabbatarian doctrine published by the Brethren Anno Domini 8596 The voyage to Cadez Sir Walter Rawleigh Rere-Admiral The voyage of Sir Anthony Sherley intended for the Island of St. Tome but performed to St. Jago Dominga Margarita along the coast of Terra Firma to the Island of Jamaica situated between 17 and 18 degrees of the North-poles elevation which he conquered but held it not long from thence to the bay of Hondurus 30 leagues up Rio dolce and homeward by New-found-land Anno Domini 1597 The voyage to the Azores Sir Walter Rawleigh Capt. of the Queens Guard Rere-Admiral Porto Rico taken by the Earl of Cumberland Anno Domini 1599 The Grand Canary taken by the Dutch Commander Vanderdoes The Colonies in Virginia supplyed by publick purse Anno Domini 1602 Queen Elizabeth dyed March the Four and twentieth King James began to Raign The North parts of Virginia i. e. new-New-England further discovered by Capt. Bartholomew Gosnold some will have him to be the first discoverer Capt. George Weymouth's voyage to discover the North-west passâ—ge Divers of our English in the North of England entered into a Covenant of worshipping of God Anno Domini 1603 King James came into England the fifth of April Monsieur Champlains voyage to Canada November the seventeenth Sir Walter Rawleigh Arraigned and Condemned Anno Domini 1604 Monsieur du Point and du Monts voyage to Canada Anno Domini 1605 Monsieur du Point and du Monts remove the French habitation to Port-Royal James Halle's voyage to Groenland and to find out the North-west passage Anno Domini 1606 The province of Main possessed by the English by publick Authority King James Sir John Popham c. A Colony first sent to new-New-England by Sir John Popham chief Justice of the Common pleas James-town founded in Virginia James Halls second voyage to find out the North-west passage Mr. John Knight his North-west voyage lost his ship sunk by the Ice A Colony sent to Virginia called by the Indians Wingandacoa the first that took firm possession there Anno Domini 1607 Plimouth Plantation in New-England attempted St. Georges Fort built at the mouth of the River Sagadahoe under the Presidency of Capt. George Popham and Capt. Ralph Gilbert who built the Fort. James Halls third voyage to find out the North-west passage Hudsons first voyage to find out the North-west passage Anno Domini 1608 Virginia planted A Colony sent to New-found-land Capt. John Smith fished now for Whales at Monhiggen Hudsons second voyage to the Northwest met a Mermaid in the Sea That there be such Creatures see Plinie Albertus Magnus Aristotle Elian Theedorus Gaza Alexander of Alexandria Gorgius Trapozensus Jul. Sealiger Stows Annals in Anno Dom. 1204. at Oreford in Suffolk a Mareman taken Anno Domini 1609 Sir Thomas Gales and Sir George Summers going to Virginia suffered shipwrack upon the Bermudos-Islands where they continued till 1610. Hudsons third voyage to New-found-land discovered Mohegan-River in New-England The Dutch set down by Mohegan-River Anno Domini 1610 Capt. Whitburns voyage to discover the North-west passage saw a Mermaid in the harbour of St. Johns at New-found-land by the River side Hudsons last and fatal voyage to discover the North-west passage where he was frozen to death Dales-gift founded in Virginia Sundry of the English nation removed out of the North of England into the Netherlands and gathered a Church at Leyden where they continued until the year 1620. Anno Domini 1611 Sir Thomas Dale Governour of Virginia The famous Arch-Pirate Peter Easton Anno Domini 1612 Bermudus first planted and Mr. R. Moore sent over Governour the first that planted a Colony in the Bermudus
James Halls fourth voyage to discover the North west passage was slain by the Savages Capt. Buttons voyage to discover the North-west passage Anno Domini 1613 Port-Royal destroyed by Sir Samuel Argol Governour of Virginia Mr. John Rolf a Gentleman of good behaviour fell in love with Pocahontas the only Daughter of Powhaton a King in Virginia and married her she was Christened and called the Lady Rebecca and dyed at Gravesend Anno Dom. 1617. Sir Lewis Sâ—ukely brought up her Son Thomas Rolf. Anno Domini 1614 Bermudus planted further Powhatons Daughter in Virginia Christened Rebecca Capt. Gibbins voyage to find out the North-west passage New Netherlands began to be planted upon Mohegan-River Sir Samuel Argol routed them Anno Domini 1615 Sir Richard Hawkins voyage into those parts of new-New-England Anno Domini 1616 Capt. Gibbins second voyage to find out the North-west passage A new supply sent by Capt. Daniel Tucker to the Bermudus Pocahontas and Mr. Rolf her Husband went for England with Sir Thomas Dale and arrived at Plimouth the 12 of June Anno Domini 1617 Sir Walter Rawleighs last and unfortunate voyage to Guiana where he took St. Thome the only Town of Guiana possessed by the Spaniards Anno Domini 1618 The comet or blazing-star whose motion was by some observed to be from East to West Anno Domini 1619 Sir Walter Rawleigh beheaded in the Parliament yard Bermudus Islands divided into Tribes and Câ—ntreds to each tribe a Burrough Anno Domini 1620 The English in Virginia divided into several Burrougâ—s Anno Domini 1620 Letters Patents obtained from King James for the Northern part of Virginia i. e. new-New-England In July sundry of the English set sail from Holland for Southampton August the fift they set sail from Southampton for America and arrived the Eleventh of November at Cape-Cod where they entered into a body politick and chose one Mr. John Carver their Governour calling the place where they settled New-Plimouth in January and February following was a mortality among the English which swept away half the Company Mrs. Susanna White delivered of a Son at new-Plimouth Christened Peregrine he was the first of the English that was born in new-England and was afterwards the Lieutenant of the Military Company of Marshfield in Plimouth Colony New-Plimouth built the first Town in new-new-England Squanto an Indian in new-new-England carried into England by Mr. Hunt a Master of a Ship but brought home again by Mr. Dormer a Gentleman imployed by Sir Ferdinando Gâ—rges for discovery April Mr. John Carver Governour of new-Plimouth dyed and Mr. William Brandford was chosen Governour The Natives in Virginia murdered about 340 English Anno Domini 1622 The Fort at new-Plimouth built a great drought this Summer from May the Third till the middle of July there was no Rain Mr. Thomas Weston Merchant sent over 67 lusty men who settled themselves in a part of the Massachusets-bay now calleâ— Weymouth The order of the Knights of Nâ—vascotia ordained by King James Hereditarie they wear an Orange tawny Ribbin Sir Ferdinando Gorges Patent for the province of Main in new-New-England The Dutch tortured the English at Amboina 1623. Westons plantation wholly ruined by their disorders Mr. Râ—bert Gâ—rge Sir Ferdinando Gorges Brother arrived in Plimouth and began a Plantation of the Massachusets bay having Commission from the Council of New-England to be general Governour of the Countrey carrying over one Mr. Mâ—rrel a Minister but being discouraged he returned for England A fire at Plimouth which did considerable dammage several of the Inhabitants through discontent and casualties removed into Virginia Three thousand English now upon the Bermudus ten Forts and in those ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance Anno Domini 1624 The number of Magistrates increased to five now at New Plimouth The first neat Cattle carried over into New-England to New Plimouth was three Heifers and a Bull. Anno Domini 1625 St. Christophers Island planted now by the English 25 leagues in compass a great many little Rivers in 17 degrees and 25 minutes King James dyed in 1625 and King Charles the first began his Raign March the seven and twentieth Anno Domini 1627 The first distribution of Lâ—nds amongst the Inhabitants of New-Plimouth A Colony of English planted upon the Island of Baâ—â—ados which in a short time increased to 2000 besides Negroes Anno Domini 1628 〈…〉 arrived in New England with some number of people and set down first by Cape-Ann at a place called afterwards Gloster but their abiding place was at Salem where they built the first Town in the Massachusets Patent The Indians at the Massachusets were at that time by sickness decreased from 30000 to 300. Nevis or Mevis planted now by the English 3 or 4000 upon it Mr. Morton of Merrimount taken prisoner by the Massachusets and sent into England Anno Domini 1629 Three ships arrived at Salem bringing a great number of passengers from England insectious diseases amongst them Mr. Endicot chosen Governour Mr. Higginson Mr. Skelton and Mr. Bright Ministers arrived upon the fift of August was the first Church in the Massachusets Colony gathered at Sâ—lem from which year to this present year in 45 years in the compass of these years in this Colony there hath been gathered forty Churches and 120 Towns built in all the Colonies of New-England The Church of new Plimouth was planted in New-England eight years before others The book of Common-prayer pleaded for and practised in Massachusets Colony by two of the Patentees but was at last prohibited by the Authority there Anno Domini 1630 The Tenth of July John Winthorp Esq and the Assistants arrived in New-England with the Patent for the Massachusets they landed on the North-side of Charles River with him went over Mr. Thomas Dudley Mr. Isâ—ac Johnson Esquires Mr. John Wilson Mr. George Philips Mr. Maverich the Father of Mr. Samuel Maverich one of his Majesties Commissioners Mr. Wareham Ministers The passage of the people in the Eagle and nine other Vessels to New England came to 9500 pounds The Swine Goats Sheep Neat and Horses cost to transport 12000 pounds besides the price they cost The Eagle was called the Arabella in honour of the Lady Arabella wife to Isaac Johnson Esq they set down first upon Nâ—ddles-Island the Lady Arabella abode at Salem Mr. Isaac Johnson a Magistrate of the Massachusets and his Lady dyed soon after their arrival John Winthâ—rp Esq chosen Governour for the remaindâ—r of the year Mr. Thomas Dudâ—ey deputy Governour Mr. Simâ—n Bread-street Secretary Charles-town the first town built Mr. Higginson Teacher of Salem Church dyed Anno Domini 1630 A very sharp winter in new-New-England Anno Domini 1631 Capt. John Smith Governour of Virginia and Admiral of new-New-England now dyed in London John Winthorp Esq chosen Governour of the Massachusets Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Sir Richard Saltingstall went for New-England set down at Water-town Five Churches gathered this year the first at Boston Mr. John Wilson Pastor
Governour of new Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Countrey Mr. Henry Dunster first President of Harvard Colledge deceased Richard Cromwel ended May the seventh The Rump Parliament December the six and twentieth put down William Robinson Marmaduke Stevenson and Mary Dyer Quakers of Rhâ—d Island â—entenced to suffer death by Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets colony which accordingly was executed within a day or two the prisoners being guarded by Capt James Oliver with 200 Souldiers to the place of Execution where the two men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gallows and banished Anno Domini 1660 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Bellingham Deputy James Pierce slain by lightning at new-Plimouth May the 29 King Charles the Second returned into England June the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put upon England by a Brief for New-England which as it appeared was produced before the King came in but not printed by Mr. Leach in Shoe-lane till June pretending that 18 Turks-men of War the 24 of January 1653 60 landed at a Town called Kingsword alluding to Charles-town three miles from Boston kill'd 40 took Mr. Sims minister prisoner wounded him kill'd his wife and three of his little children carried him away with 57 more burnt the Town carried them to Argier their loss amounting to 12000 pound the Turk demanding 8000 pound ransom to be paid within 7 moneths Signed by Thomas Margets Edward Calamy William Jenkin William Vincent George Wind Joseph Caryl John Menord William Cooper Thomas Manton Ministers Hugh Peters put to death the 16 of October Thomas Venner a Wine-Cooper hang'd drawn and quartered Ian. 19. Anno Domini 1661 The fifth Monarchy-men rise at London Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Bellingham Deputy Major Atherton now dyed in new-New-England Anno Domini 1662 Sir Henry Vane beheaded June the 14. Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony January 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in New-England 6 or 7 times in the space of Three days 1662 1663. John Baker unduâ—ly called Capt. Baker hang'd at Tiburn December the 11 of February Anno Domini 1663 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Thomas Leveret major General April the fifth Mr. John Norton Teacher at the first Church in Boston dyed suddenly Mr. Samuel Newman Teacher at Rehoboth in New-England now dyed Mr. Samuel Stone Teacher of Hartford Church in New-England now dyed also Several Earth-quakes this year in New-England Charles Chancie batchelor of Divinity and President of Harvard-Colledge in new-New-England Anno Domini 1664 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Thomas Leveret Major General May the 20 the Kings Commissioners arrived in new-New-England viz. Sir Robert Carr Colonel Nicols Colonel Cartwright and Mr. Samuel Maverich with whom came one Mr. Archdale as Agent for Mr. Ferdinando Gorges who brought to the colony in the province of Main Mr. F. Gorges order from his Majesty Charles the Second under his manâ—al and his Majesties Letters to the Massachusets concerning the same to be restored unto the quiet possession and enjoyment of the said province in New-England and the Government thereof the which during the civil Wars in England the Massachusets colony had usurpt and by help of a Jacobs staff most shamefully encroached upon Mr. Gorges rights and priviledges The 29 of August the Manadaes called Novede Belgique or New Netherlands their chief Town New Amsterdam now called New Yorke Surrendered up unto Sir Robert Carr and Colonel Nichols his Majesties Commissioners thirteen days after in September the Fort and Town of Arania now called Albany twelve days after that the Fort and Town of Awsapha then de la Ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds the three first Forts and Towns being built upon the River Mehegan otherwise called Hudsons River The whole Bible Translated into the Indian-Tongue by Mr. Johu Eliot Senior was now printed at Cambridge in New-England December a great and dreadful Comet or blazing-star appeared in the South-east in New-England for the space of three moneths which was accompanied with many sad effects great mildews blasting in the Countrey the next Summer Anno Domini 1665 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret Major General Two Comets or blazing-stars appeared in 4 moneths time in England December 1664. and in March following Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets colony deceased March the three and twentieth Capt. Davenport kill'd with lightning as he lay on his bed at the Castle by Boston in New-England and several wounded Wheat exceedingly blasted and mildewed in New-England A thousand foot sent this year by the French King to Canada Colonel Cartwright in his voyage for England was taken by the Dutch The Isle of Providence taken by the English Buchaners Puerto Rico taken and plundered by the English Buchaners and abandoned Anno Domini 1666 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret major General St. Christophers taken by the French July the Lord Willowby of Parham cast away in a Hurricane about the Caribby-Islands The small pox at Boston in the Massachusets colony Three kill'd in a moment by a blow of Thunder at Marshfield in New-Plimouth colony and four at Pascataway colony and divers burnt with lightning a great whirlwind at the same time This year also New-England had cast away and taken Thirty one Vessels and some in 1667. The mildews and blasting of Corn still continued Anno Domini 1667 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Leveret major General Sir Robert Carr dyed next day after his arrival at Bristow in England June the first Several vollies of shot heard discharged in the Air at Nantascot two miles from Boston in the Massachusets colony Mr. John Davenport chosen pastor of the Independent Church at Boston In March there appeared a sign in the Heavens in the form of a Spear pointing directly to the West Sir John Harman defeated the French Fleet at the Caribbes Mr. John Wilson Pastor of Boston Church in the Massachusets colony 37 years now dyed aged 79 he was Pastor of that Church three years before Mr. Cotton twenty years with him ten years with Mr. Norton and four years after him Anno
of America which together with Virginia Mary land and Nova-scotia were by the Indians called by one name Wingadacoa after the discovery by Sir Walter Rawleigh they were named Virginia and so remained untiil King James divided the Countrey into Provinces new-New-England then is all that tract of land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes of 40 and 46 that is from De-la-ware-Bay to New-found-land some will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King Jame's Letters Patents to the Council of Plimouth in Devonshire from 40 to 48 of the same latitude it is judged to be an Island surrounded on the North with the spacious River of Canada on the South with Mahegan or Hudsons River having their rise as it is thought from two great lakes not far off one another the Sea lyes East and South from the land and is very deep some say that the depth of the Sea being measured with line and plummet seldom exceeds two or three miles excâ—pt in some places near the Swevian-shores and about Pontus observed by Pliny Sir Francis Drake threw out 7 Hogsheads of line near Porto-bello and sound no bottom but whether this be true or no or that they were deceived by the Currants carrying away their lead and line this is certainly true that there is more Sea in the Western than the Eastern Hemisphere on the shore in more places than one at spring-tides that is at the full or new of the moon the Sea riseth 18 foot perpendicular the reaâ—on of this great flow of waters I refer to the â—earned onely by the way I shall acquaint you â—ith two reasons for the ebbing and flowâ—ng of the Sea the one delivered in Common conference the other in a Sermon at Boston in the Massachusets-Bay by an eminent man The first was that God and his spirit â—oving upon the waters caused the motion â—he other that the spirit of the waters gathered â—he waters together as the spirit of Christ gathered Souls The shore is Rockie with high cliffs â—aving a multitude of considerable Harâ—ours many of which are capacious â—nough for a Navy of 500 sail one of a â—housand the Countrie within Rockie and mountanious full of tall wood onâ— stately mountain there is surmounting the 〈◊〉 about four score mile from the Sea The description of it you have in my rarities of New-England between the mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as â—ver eye beheld besâ—t on each side with variety of goodly Trees the grass man-high unmowed uneaten and uselâ—sly withering within these valleys are spacious lakes or ponds well stored with Fish and Beavers the original of all the great Rivers in the Countrie of which there are many with lesser streams wherein are an infinite of fish manifesting the goodness of the soil which is black red-clay gravel sand loom and very deep in some places as in the valleys and swamps which are low grounds and bottoms infinitely thick set with Trees and Bushes of all sorts for the most part others having no other shrub or Tree growing but spruse under the shades whereof you may freely walk two or three mile together being goodly large Trees and convenient for masts and sail-yards The whole Countrie produceth springs in abundance replenished with excellent waters having all the properties ascribed to the best in the world Swift is' t in pace light poiz'd to look in clear And quick in bâ—iling which esteemed were Such qualities as rightly understood Withouten these no water could be good One Spring there is at Black-point in the Province of Main coming out of muddy-clay that will colour a spade as if hatcht with silver it is purgative and cures scabs and Itch c. The Mountains and Rocky Hills are richly surnished with mines of Lead Sâ—lver Copper Tin and divers sorts of minerals â—ranching out even to their summits where â—n small Crannies you may meet with threds of perfect silver yet have the English no â—naw to open any of them whether out of â—gnorance or fear of bringing a forraign Enemy upon them or like the dog in the manger to keep their Soveraign from parâ—aking of the benefits who certainly may claim an interest in them as his due being eminently a gift proceeding from divine bounty to him PLACE = marg Isa 45.3 no person can pretend interest in Gold Silver or Copper by the law of Nations but the Soveraign Prince but the subjects of our King have a right to mines discovered in their own Lands and inheritances So as that every tenth Tun of such Oar is to be paid to the proprieters of such lands and not to the state if it be not a mine-Royal if it prove to be a mine-Royal every fifth Tun of all such Oar as shall hold Gold or Silver worth refining is to be rendered to the King The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long since concluded that alihough the Gold or Silver conteined in the base mettals of a mine in the land of a Subjâ—ct be of less value than the baser mettal yet if the Gold or Silver do countervail the charge of refining it or be more worth than the base mettal spent in refining it that then it is a mine-Royal and as well the base mettal as the Gold anâ— Silver in it belongs by prerogative to thâ— Crown The stones in the Countrey are for thâ— most mettle-stone free-stone pebble slate none that will run to lime of which they have great want of the slate you may make Tables easie to be split to the thickness of an inch or thicker if you please and long enough for a dozen men to sit at Pretious stones there are too but if you desire to know further of them see the Rarities of New-England onely let me add this observation by the way that Crystal set in the Sun taketh fire and setteth dry Tow or brown Paper on fire held to it There is likewise a sort of glittering sand which is altogether as good as the glassie powder brought from the Indies to dry up Ink on paper newly written The climate is reasonably temperate hotter in Summer and colder in Winter than with us agrees with our Constitutions better than hotter Climates these are limbecks to our bodies forraign heat will extract the inward and adventitions beat consume the natural so much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat of the Sun so much more wants he the same inwardly which is one reason why they are able to receive more and larger draughts of Brandy the like strong spirits than in England without offence Cold is less tolerable than heat this a friend to nature that an enemy Many are of opinion that the greatest enemies of life consisting of heat and moisture is cold and dryness the extremity of cold is more easie to be endured than extremity of heat the violent sharpness of winter than the fiery raging of Summer To conclude they are both bad too much heat brings a hot
the second at Water-town by Mr. Philips the third at Dorchester by Mr. Maverick and Mr. Wareham the sourth at Roxbury by Mr. Eliâ—â— the fifth at Linn by Mr. Stephen Batcheler their first Teacher Dr. Wilson gave 1000 pound to new-New-England with which they stored themselves with great Guns Anno Domini 1632 John Winthorp chosen Governour Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Sir Christopher Gardiner descended of the house of Gardiner Bâ—shop of Winchester Knighted at Jerusalem of the Sâ—pulcher arrived in New-England with a comely young woman his Concubine settled himself in the Bay of Massachusets was rigidly used by the Magistrates and by the Magistrates of New-Plimouth to which place he retired A terrible cold winter in New-England Anno Domini 1633 Mr. Edward Winslow chosen Governour of New-Plimouth The number of Mâ—gistrates at New-Plimouth increase to seven An infectious feaver amongst the Inhabitants of New-Plimouth whereof many dyed Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Thomas Hooker Mr. Hains and Mr. Cotton Mâ—nisters arrived in New-England all in one ship and Mr. Stone and Mr. William Collier a liberal Benefactor to the Colony of New-Plimouth Mr. John Cotton chosen Teâ—cher of the first Church at Boston A Church at Cambridge gathered by Mr. Thomas Hooker their fiâ—st Pastor Great swarms of strange flyes up and down the Countrey which was a presage of the following mortality Anno Domini 1634 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. Roger Ludlow Deputy-Governour The Countrey now was really placed in a posture of War to be in readiness at all times In the Spring a great sickness among the Indians by the small pox The Pequets War with the Narragansets Mr. Skelton Pastor to the Church at Salem dyed Mr. John Norton and Mr. Thomas Shepherd arrive in New-England A Church gathered at Ipswich the first Pastor Mr. Nathaniel Ward A Church gathered at Newberry Capt. Stone turn'd Pirate at the Dutch plantation The cruel Massacre of Capt. Stone and Capt. Norton at Connecticut-River by the Pequet Indians Anno Domini 1635 Mr. John Haines chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Richard Bellingham Deputy Governour Mr. Zaohary Sims arrived in new-New-England and Mr. Richard Bellingham This year Eleven Ministers arrived in New England Mr. Norton Teacher at Ipswich Mr. Richard Mather Teacher at Dorchester Sir Henry Vain Junior arrived in new-New-England Mr. Richard Saltingstal Sir Richard Saltingstal's Son Mr. Râ—ger Harlackenden and Hugh Peters Hugh Peters chosen Pastor of Salem A Church at Hartford in the Colony of Connecticut now gathered Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Capt. William Gorges Sir Ferdinando Gorges Nephew sent over Governour of the province of Main then called new Sommersetshire Saturday the 15 of August an Hurrican or mighty storm of wind and rain which did much hurt in new-New-England Anno Domini 1636 Sir Henry Vane Junior Governour of the Massachusets Colony John Winthorp Esq Deputy Governour Mr. Roger Harlackenden leader of their military Forces Mr. Edward Winslow a Worcestershire man born chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Connecticut Colony planted Mr. John Oldham murthered in his Barque by the Indians of Block-Island A Church gathered at Hingham Mr. Peter Hubbord arrived now in New-England Teacher at Hingham Mr. Flint Mr. Carter Mr. Walton Ministers arrived now in New-England Mr. Fenwich Mr. Partrick Mr. Nathaniel Rogers and Mr. Samuel White arrived now in New-England A General Court held at Boston against Mrs. Hutchinson the American Jezabel August the 30. where the opinions and errors of Mrs. Hutchinson and her Associats 80 errors were condemned A Counsel held at New-town about the same business October the second and at Boston again Anno Domini 1637 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Wenthorp chosen Governour of Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Deputy Governour New-haven Colony began now Mr. Eaton chosen Governour John Davenport Pastor Mr. Hopkins arrived now in New-England A second Church gathered at Dedham Mr. John Allen Pastor The Pequets wars in which war the Eâ—glish slew and took prisoners about 700 Indians amongst which 13 of their Sachems to the great terror of the Natives they sent the male children of the Pequets to the Bermudus This year the Antinomian and Familistical errors were broached in the Countrey especially at Boston A Synod called which condemned these errors A General Court held at New-town against Mrs. Hutchinson and the rest Mrs. Hutchinson and others banished by the Magistrates of the Massachusets Colony A hideous monster born at Boston of one Mrs. Mary Dyer Sir Henry Vane and the Lord Lee returned for England The Minifters that went for New-England chiefly in the ten first years ninety four of which returned for England twenty seven dyed in the Countrey thirty six yet alive in the Countrey thirty one The number of ships that transported passengers to New-England in these times was 298 supposed men women and children as near as can be ghessed 21200. The Spaniards took the Island of Providence one of the Sumâ—â—â—â—â—â—ds from the English Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Câ—â—â—ny Mr. Thomas â—â—â—lley Dâ—puâ—y Governour A Church now gatheâ—ed at Waymouth Mr. Gonnor Pastor Mr Newman succeeded Mr. Thomas Thatcher Three English men put to death at Plimouth for robbing and murthering an Indian near Providence June the second a great and terrible earthquake throughout the Countrey Samuel Gorton of Warwick shire a pestilent seducer and blasphemous Atheist the Author of the Sects of Gortinians banish'd Plimouth plantation whipt and banished from Road-Island banisht the Massachusets Colony Now they set up a Printing press at Boston in the Massachusets This year came over Mr. William Thompson Mr. Edmund Brown Mr. David Frisk Mr. John Harvard the founder of Harvard Colledge at Cambridge in the Massachusets Colony deceased gave 700 pound to the erecting of it Anno Domini 1639 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Higginson Teacher at Salem Church Skelton pastor and an exhorting Elder This was the first Church gathered in the Massachusets Colony and it increased to 43 Churches in joynt Communion with one another and in these Churches were about 7750 souls Mr. Herbert Pelham now arrived in New-England A Church gathered at Hampton Mr. Daulton pastor and Mr. Batcheler Teacher Another Church gathered at Salisbury October the Eleventh and Twelfth the Spanish Navy was set upon by the Hollander in the Downs they were in all 60 sail the Spaniards were beaten A very sharp winter in New-England Anno Domini 1640 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. Richard Bellingham Deputy Governour Civil Wars began in England Mr.
58 and in 166 â— 3. January 26 27 28. which was the year before I came thither there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 times in the space of three dayes Earthquakes are frequent in the Countrie some suppose that the white mountains were first raised by Earthquakes they are hollow as may be guessed by the resounding of the rain upon the level on the top The Indians told us of a River whose course was not only stopt by an Earthquake in 1668. as near as I can remember but the whole River swallowed up And I have heard it reported from credible persons that whilst I was there in the Countrie there happened a terrâ—ble Earthquake amongst the French rending a huge Rock asunder even to the center wherein was a vast hollow of an immeasurable depth out of which came many infernal Spirits I shall conclude this discourse of Earthquakes with that which came from the Pen of our Royal Martyr King Charles the First A storm at Sea wants not its terrour but an Earthquake shaking the very foundation of all the World hath nothing more of horrour And now I come to the plants of the Countrie The plants in New England for the variety number beauty and vertues may stand in Competition with the plants of any Countrey in Europe Johnson hath added to Gerard's Herbal 300. and Parkinson mentioneth many more had they been in New England they might have found 1000 at least never heard of nor seen by any Englishman before 'T is true the Countrie hath no Bonerets or Tartarlambs no glittering coloured Tuleps but here you have the American Mary Gold the Earth-nut bearing a princely Flower the beautiful leaved Pirola the honied Colibry c. They are generally of somewhat a more masculine vertue than any of the same spicies in England but not in so terrible a degree as to be mischievous or ineffectual to our English bodies It is affirm by some that no forraign Drugg or Simple can be so proper to Englishmen as their own for the quantity of Opium which Turks do safely take will kill four Englishmen and that which will salve their wounds within a day will not recure an Englishman in three To which I answer that it is custom that brings the Turks to the familiar use of Opium You may have heard of a Taylor in Kent who being afflicted with want of sleep ventured upon Opium taking at first a grain and increasing of it till it came to an ounce which quantitie he took as familiarly as a Turk without any harm more than that he could not sleep without it The English in New-England take white Hellebore which operates as fairly with them as with the Indians who steeping of it in water sometime give it to young lads gathered together a purpose to drink if it come up they force them to drink again their vomit which they save in a Birchen-dish till it stayes with them he that gets the victory of it is made Captain of the other lads for that year There is a plant likewise called for want of a name Clownes wound wort by the English though it be not the same that will heal a green wound in 24 hours if a wise man have the ordering of it Thus much for the general I shall now begin to discover unto you the plants more particularly and I shall first begin with Trees and of them first with such as are called in Scripture Trees of God that is great Trees that grow of themselves without planting Psal 104.16 17. Satiantur arbores Jehovae cedri libani quas plantavit ubi aviculae nidificent abietes domicilia ciconiae The Herons take great delight to sit basking upon the tops of these Trees And I shall not be over large in any having written of them in my Treatise of the rarities of New England to which I refer you The Oake I have given you an account of and the kinds I shall add the ordering of Red Oake for Wainscot When they have cut it down and clear'd it from the branches they pitch the body of the Tree in a muddy place in a River with the head downward for some time afterwards they draw it out and when it is seasoned sufficiently they saw it into boards for Wainscot and it will branch out into curious works There is an admirable rare Creature in shape like a Buck with Horns of a gummy substance which I have often found in the fall of the leaf upon the ground amongst the withered leaves a living Creature I cannot call it having only the sign of a mouth and eyes seldom or never shall you meet with any of them whole but the head and horns or the hinder parts broken off from the rest the Indians call them Tree Bucks and have a superstitious saying for I believe they never see any of them living that if they can see a Tree Buck walking upon the branches of an Oake when they go out in a morning to hunt they shall have good luck that day What they are good for I know not but certainly there is some more than ordinary vertue in them It is true that nothing in nature is superfluous and we have the Scripture to back it that God created nothing in vain The like Creatures they have at the Barbadoes which they call Negroes heads found in the Sands about two inches long with forehead eyes nose mouth chin and part of the neck they are alwayes found loose in the Sands without any root it is as black as Jet but whence it comes they know not I have read likewise that in the Canaries or Fortunate-Islands there is found a certain Creature which Boys bring home from the mountains as oft as they would and named them Tudesquels or little Germans for they were dry'd dead Carcases almost three footed which any boy did easily carry in one of the palms of his hand and they were of an humane shape but the whole dead Carcase was clearly like unto Parchment and their bones were flexible as it were griftles against the Sun also their bowels and intestines were seen Surely saith my Authour the destroyed race of the Pigmies was there There is also many times sound upon the leaves of the Oake a Creature like a Frog being as thin as a leaf and transparent as yellow as Gold with little fiery red eyes the English call them Tree-frogs or Tree-toads but of Tree-toads I shall have occasion to speak in another place they are said to be venemous but may be safely used being admirable to stop womens over-flowing courses hung about their necks in a Taffeâ—ie bag Captain Smith writes that in New-England there growes a certain berry called Kermes worth 10 shillings a pound and had been formerly sold for 30 or 40 shillings a pound which may yearly be gathered in good quantity I have sought for this berry he speaks of as a man should seek for a needle in a bottle of Hay but could never light upon it unless
Jonas de ricino illo laetitia magna Ricinum that is palma Christi called also cucurbita and therefore translated a Gourd Tobacco or Tabacca so called from Tabaco or Tabagâ— one of the Caribbe-Islands about 50 English miles from Trinidad The right name according to Monardus is picielte as others will petum nicotian from Nicot a Portingal to whom it was presented for a raritie in Anno Dom. 1559. by one that brought it from Florida Great contest there is about the time when it was first brought into England some will have Sir John Hawkins the first others Sir Francis Drake's Mariners others again say that one Mr. Lane imployed by Sir Walter Rawleigh brought it first into England all conclude that Sir Walter Rawleigh brought it first in use It is observed that no one kind of forraign Commodity yieldeth greater advantage to the publick than Tobacco it is generally made the complement of our entertainment and hath made more slaves than Mahomet There is three sorts of it Marchantable the first horse Tobacco having a brâ—ad long leaf piked at the end the second round pointed Tobacco third sweet scented Tobacco These are made up into Cane leaf or ball there is little of it planted in New-England neither have they learned the right way of curing of it It is sowen in April upon a bed of rich mould sifted they make a bed about three yards long or more according to the ground they intend to plant and a yard and a half over this they tread down hard then they sow their seed upon it as thick as may be and sift fine earth upon it then tread it down again as hard as possible they can when it hath gotten four or six leaves they remove in into the planting ground when it begins to bud towards flowring they crop off the top for the Flower drawes away the strength of the leaf For the rest I refer you to the Planter being not willing to discover their mysteries The Indians in New England use a small round leafed Tobacco called by them or the Fishermen Poke It is odious to the English The vertues of Tobacco are these it helps digestion the Gout the Tooth-ach prevents infection by scents it heats the cold and cools them that sweat feedeth the hungry spent spirits restoreth purgeth the stomach killeth nits and lice the juice of the green leaf healeth green wounds although poysoned the Syrup for many diseases the smoak for the Phthisick cough of the lungs distillations of Rheume and all diserses of a cold and moist cause good for all bodies cold and moist taken upon an emptie stomach taken upon a full stomach it precipitates digestion immoderately taken it dryeth the body enflameth the bloud hurteth the brain weakens the eyes and the sinews White Hellebore is used for the Scurvie by the English A friend of mine gave them first a purge then conserve of Bear-berries then sumed their leggs with vinegar sprinkled upon a piece of mill-stone made hot and applied to the sores white Hellebore leaves drink made of Orpine and sorrel were given likewise with it and Seascurvie-grass To kill lice boil the roots of Hellebore in milk and anoint the hair of the head therewith or other places Mandrake is a very rare plant the Indians know it not it is found in the woods about Pascataway they do in plain terms stink therefore Reubens-Flowers that he brought home were not Mandrakes Gen. 30.14 15 16. They are rendered in the Latine Amabiles flores the same word say our Divines is used in Canticles 7.4 Amabiles istos flores edentes odorem secundum ostia nostra omnes pretiosos fructus recentes simulac veteres dilecte mi repono tibi So that the right translation is Reuben brought home amiable and sweet smelling Flowers this in the Canticles say they expounding the other Calamus Aromaticus or the sweet smelling reed it Flowers in July see New-Englands rarities Sarsaparilla or roughbind-weed as some describe it the leaves and whole bind set with thorns of this there is store growing upon the banks of Pouds See the rarities of New-England The leaves of the Sarsaparilla there described pounded with Hogs grease and boiled to an unguent is excellent in the curing of wounds Live for ever it is a kind of Cud-weed flourisheth all summer long till cold weather comes in it growes now plentifully in our English Gardens it is good for cough of the lungs and to cleanse the breast taken as you do Tobacco and for pain in the head the decoction or the juice strained and drunk in Bear Wine or Aqua vitae killeth worms The Fishermen when they want Tobacco take this herb being cut and dryed Lysimachus or Loose-strife there are several kinds but the most noted is the yellow Lysimachus of Virginia the root is longish and white as thick as ones thumb the stalkes of an overworn colour and a little hairie the middle vein of the leaf whitish the Flower yellow and like Primroses and therefore called Tree-primrose growes upon seedie vessels c. The first year it growes not up to a stalke but sends up many large leaves handsomely lying one upon another Rose fashion Flowers in June the seed is ripe in August this as I have said is taken by the English for Scabious St. John's wort it preserveth Cheese made up in it at Sea Spurge or Wolfes milch there are several sorts Avens or herb-bennet you have an account of it in New-Englands rarities but one thing more I shall add that you may plainly perceive a more masculine quality in the plants growing in New-England A neighbour of mine in Hay-time having over-heat himself and melted his grease with striving to outmowe another man fell dangerously sick not being able to turn himself in his bed his stomach gon and his heart fainting ever and anon to whom I administred the decoction of Avens-Roots and leaves in water and wine sweetning it with Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers in one weeks time it recovered him so that he was able to perform his daily work being a poor planter or husbandman as we call them Red-Lilly growes all over the Countrey amongst the bushes Mr. Johnson upon Gerard takes the Tulip to be the Lilly of the field mentioned by our Saviour Matth. 6.28 29. Ac de vestitu quid soliciti estis discite quomodo lilia agrorum augescant non fatigantur neque nent sed dico vobis ne Solomonem quidem cum universa gloria sic amictum fuisse ut unum ex istis Solomon in all his Royalty was not like one of them His reasons are first from the shape like a lilly The second because those places where 〈◊〉 Savioâ—r was conversant they grow wild in the fields Third the infinite variety of the colours The fourth and last reason the wondrous beautie and mixture of these Flowers Water-lillys the black roots dryed and pulverized are wondrous effectual in the stopping of all manner of fluxes of the belly drunk with
bush-tail like a Fox and offensive Carion the Urine of this Creature is of so strong a scent that if it light upon any thing there is no abiding of it it will make a man smell though he were of Alexanders complexion and so sharp that if he do but whisk his bush which he pisseth upon in the face of a dogg hunting of him and that any of it light in his eyes it will make him almost mad with the smart thereof The Musquashes is a small Beast that lives in shallow ponds where they build them houses of earth and sticks in shape like mole-hills and feed upon Calamus Aromaticus in May they scent very strong of Muske their furr is of no great esteem their stones wrapt up in Cotten-wool will continue a long time and are good to lay amongst cloths to give them a grateful smell The Squirril of which there are three sorts the mouse-squirril the gray squirril and the flying squirril called by the Indian Assapanick The mouse-squirril is hardly so big as a Rat streak'd on both sides with blâ—ck and red streaks they are mischievous vermine destroying abundance of Corn both in the field and in the house where they will gnaw holes into Chests and tear clothes both linnen and wollen and are notable nut-gâ—therers in August when hasel and tiâ—â—ert nuts are ripe you may see upon every Nut-tree as many mouse-squirrils as leaves So that the uâ—s are gone in a trice wâ—ich they convey to their Drays or Nests The gray squirril is pretty large almost as big as a Conie and are very good meat in some parts of the Countrie there are many of them The flying squirril is so called because his skin being loose and large he spreads it on both sides like wings when he passeth from one Tree to another at great distance I cannot call it flying nor leaping for it is both The Mattrise is a Creature whose head and fore-parts is shaped somewhat like a Lyons not altogether so big as a house-cat they are innumerable up in the Countrey and are esteemed good furr The Sable is much of the size of a Mattrise perfect black but what store there is of them I cannot tell I never saw but two of them in Eight years space The Martin is as ours are in England but blacker they breed in holes which they make in the earth like Conies and are innumerable their skins or furr are in much request The Buck Stag and Rain-Dear are Creatures that will live in the coldest climates here they are innumerable bringing forth three Fawns or Calves at a time which they hide a mile asunder to prevent their destruction by the Wolves wild Cats Bears and Mequans when they are in season they will be very fat there are but few slain by the English The Indians who shoot them and take of them with toyls bring them in with their suet and the bones that grow upon Stags-Hearts What would you say if I should tell you that in Green-land there are Does that have as large horns as Bucks their brow Antlers growing downwards beyond their Musles and broad at the end wherewith they scrape away the snow to the grass it being impossible for them otherwayes to live in those cold Countries the head of one of these Does was sometime since nailed upon a signposi in Charter house-lane and these following verses written upon a board underneath it Like a Bucks-head I stand in open view And yet am none nay wonder not 't is true The living Beast that these fair horns did owe Well known to many was a Green-land Doe The proverb old is here fulfill'd in me That every like is not the same you see The Moose or Elke is a Creature or rather if you will a Monster of superfluity a full grown Moose is many times bigger than an English Oxe their horns as I have said elsewhere very big and brancht out into palms the tips whereof are sometimes found to be two fathom asunder a fathom is six feet from the tip of one finger to the tip of the other that is four cubits and in height from the toe of the fore-foot to the pitch of the shoulder twelve foot both which hath been taken by some of my sceptique Readers to be monstrous lyes If you consider the breadth that the beast carrieth and the magnitude of the horns you will be easily induced to contribute your belief And for their height since I came into England I have read Dr. Scroderns his Chymical dispensatory translated into English by Dr. Rowland where he writes that when he lived in Finland under Gustavus Horns he saw an Elke that was killed and presented to Gustavus his Mother seventeen spans high Lo you now Sirs of the Gibing crue if you have any skill in mensuration tell me what difference there is between Seventeen spans and twelve foot There are certain transcendentia in every Creature which are the indelible Characters of God and which discover God There 's a prudential for you as John Rhodes the Fisherman used to say to his mate Kitt Lux. But to go on with the Moâ—se they are accounted a kind of Deer and have three Calves at a time which they hide a mile asunder too as other Deer do their skins make excellent Coats for Martial men their sinews which are as big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughness and much used by the Indians the bone that growes upon their heart is an excellent Cordial their bloud is as thick as an Asses or Bulls who have the thickest bloud of all others a man the thinnest To what age they live I know not certainly a long time in their proper climate Some particular living Creatures cannot live in every particular place or region especially with the same jâ—y and felicity as it did where it was first brâ—d for the certain agreement of nature that is between the place and the thing bred in that place As appeareth by Elephants which being translated and brought out of the Second or Third Climate though they may live yet will they never ingender or bring forth young So for plants Birds c. Of both these Creatures some few there have been brought into England but did not long continue Sir R. Baker in his Chronicle tells us of an Elephant in Henry the Thirds Râ—ign which he saith was the first that was ever seen there which as it seems is an error unless he restrain it to the Norman's time For Mr. Speed writeth that Claudius Drusius Emperour of Rome brought in the first in his Army the bones of which digg'd up since are taken for Gyants bones As for the Moose the first that was seen in England was in King Charles the First Raign thus much for these magnals amongst the Creatures of God to be wondered at the next beast to be mentioned is The Maurouse which is somewhat like a Moose but his horns are but small and himself about the size of a Stag
these are the Deer that the flat-â—ooted Wolves hunt after The Maccarib is a Creature not found that ever I heard yet but upon Cape-Sable near to the French plantations The Bear when he goes to mate is a terrible Creature they bring forth their Cubs in March hunted with doggs they take a Tree where they shoot them when he is fat he is excellent Venison which is in Acorn time and in winter but then there is none dares to attempt to kill him but the Indian He makes his Denn amongst thick Bushes thrusting in here and there store of Moss which being covered with snow and melting in the day time with heat of the Sun in the night is frozen into a thick coat of Ice the mouth of his Den is very narrow here they lye single never two in a Den all winter The Indian as soon as he finds them creeps in upon all â—our seizâ—s with his left hand upon the neck of the sleeping Bear drags hâ—m to the mouth of the Den where with a club or small hatchet in his right hand he knocks out his brains before he can open his eyes to see his enemy But sometimes they are too quick for the Indians as one amongst them callâ—d black Robin lighting upon a male Bear had a piece of his buttock torn off before he could fetch his blow their grease is very soveraign One Mr. Purchase cured himself of the Sciatica with Bears-greese keeping some of it continually in his groine It is good too for swell'd Cheeks upon cold for Rupture of the hands in winter for limbs taken suddenly with Sciatica Gout or other diseases that cannot stand upright nor go bed-rid it must be well chaft in and the same cloth laid on still it prevents the shedding of the hair occasioned by the coldness of winters weather and the yard of a Bear which as a Doggs or Foxes is bonie is good for to expell Gravel out of the kidneys and bladder as I was there told by one Mr. Abraham Philater a Jersey-man The Beaver or Pound-dog is an Amphibious Creature lives upon the land as well as in the water I suppose they feed upon fish but am sure that the Bark of Trees is also their food there is an old proverbial saying sic me jubes quotidie ut fiber sâ—licem you love me as the Beaver doth the willow who eateth the Bark and killeth the Tree They will be tame witness the Beaver that not long since was kept at Boston in the Massachusets-Bay and would run up and down the streets returning home without a call Their skins are highly valued and their stones are good for the palsie trembling and numbness of the hands boiling of them in Oyl of Spike and anointing the sinews in the neck If you take of Castorium two drams of womans hair one dram and with a little Rozen of the Pine-Tree make it up into pills as big as Filberts and perfume a woman in a fit of the mother with one at a time laid upon coals under her nostrils it will recover her out of her fit The grease of a Beaver is good for the Nerves Convulsions Epilepsies Apoplexies c. The tail as I have said in another Treatise is very fat and of a masculine vertue as good as Erigno's or Satyrion-Roots The Otter or River Dog is Amphibious too he hunteth for his kind in the spring and bringeth forth his whelps as the Beaver doth they are generally black and very numerous they are hunted in England from Shrovetide untill Midsummer but in New-England they take them when they can The skin of an Otter is worth Ten Shillings and the Gloves made thereof are the best fortification for the hands against wet weather that can be thought of the furr is excellent for muffs and is almost as dear as Beaver the grease of an Otter will make fish turn up their bellies and is of rare use for many things The Hare I have no more to write of them than that they kindle in hollow Trees What else concerns him or any of the fore-mentioned Creatures you have in my New-Englands rarities to which I refer you The Porcupine likewise I have treated of only this I forgot to acquaint you with that they lay Eggs and are good meat The last kind of Beasts are they that are begot by equivocal generation as Mules and several others that when the Beasts were brought by the Almighty Creator to Adam who gave them names were not then in rerum natura Of these there are not many known in New-England I know but of one and that is the Indian dog begotten betwixt a Wolf and a Fox or between a Fox and a Wolf which they made use of taming of them and bringing of them up to hunt with but since the English came amongst them they have gotten store of our dogs which they bring up and keep in as much subjection as they do their webbs Of Birds there are not many more than 120 kinds as our Naturalists have conjectured but I think they are deceived they are divided into land-birds and water-birds the land-birds again into birds of prey birds for meat singing-birds and others The Pilhannaw is the King of Birds of prey in new-New-England some take him to be a kind of Eagle others for the Indian-Ruck the biggest Bird that is except the Ostrich One Mr. Hilton living at Pascataway had the hap to kill one of them being by the Sea-side he perceived a great shâ—dow over his head the Sun shining out clear casting up his eyes he saw a monstrous Bird soaring aloft in the air and of a sudden all the Ducks and Geese there being then a great many dived under water nothing of them appearing but their heads Mr. Hilton having made readie his piece shot and brought her down to the ground how he disposed of her I know not but had he taken her alive sent her over into England neither Bartholomew nor Sturbridge-Fair could have produced such another sight Hawkes there are of several kinds as Goshawkes Falcons Laniers Sparrow-hawkes and a little black hawke highly prized by the Indians who wear them on their heads and is accounted of worth sufficient to ransome a Sagamour they are so strangely couragious and hardie that nothing flyeth in the Air that they will not bind with I have seen them tower so high that they have been so small that scarcely could they be taken by the eye Hawkes grease is very good for sore eyes The Osprey I have treated of There is a small Ash-colour Bird that is shaped like a Hawke with talons and beak that falleth upon Crowes mounting up into the Air after them and will beat them till they make them cry The Vulture or Geire which is spoken of in Levit. 11.14 and called a Gripe their skins are good to line doublets with and the bones of their head hung about the neck helpeth the head-ach The Gripe see New Englands rarities and for the Turkie-buzzard The
thereof is situated Newherrie the houses are scattering well stored with meadow upland and â—rable and about four hundred head of Cattle Over against Newberrie lyes the Town of Salisbury where a constant Ferry is kept the River being here half a mile broad the Town scatteringly built Hâ—rd upon the River of Shashin where Merrimach receives this and the other branch into its body is seated Andover stored with land and Cattle Beyond this Town by the branch of Merrimach-River called Shashin lyeth Haverhill a Town of large extent about ten miles in length the inhabitants Husbandmen this Town is not far from Salisbury Over against Haverhill lyeth the Town of Malden which I have already mentioned In a low level upon a fresh River a branch of Merrimach is seated Concord the first inland Town in Massachusets patent well stored with fish Salmon Dace Alewive Shade c. abundance of fresh maish and Cattle this place is subject to bitter â—â—orms The next Town is Sudbury built upon the same River where Concord is but further up to this Town likewise belongs great store of fresh marshes and Arable land and they have many Cattle it lyeth low by reason whereof it is much indammaged with flouds In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond side and not far from Woeburn is situated Reading it hath two mills a saw-mill and a Corn-mill and is well stockt with Cattle The Colony is divided into four Counties the first is Suffolk to which belongs Dorchester Roxbury Waymouth Hingham Dedham Braintre Sittuate Hull Nantascot Wisagusset The second County is Middlesex to this belongs Charles-town Watertown Cambridge Concord Sudbury Woeburn Reading Malden Mistick Medford Winnisimet and Marble-head To the third County which is Essex belongs New-Salem Linn Ipswich New-Berry Rowley Glocester Wenham and Andover The fourth County is Northfolk to this belongs Salisbury Hampton and Haverhill In the year of our Lord 1628 Mr. John Endicot with a number of English people set down by Capt-Aun at that place called afterwards Gloster but their abiding-place was at Salem where they built a Town in 1639. and there they gathered their first Church consisting but of Seventy persons but afterwards increased to forty three Churches in joynt Communion with one another and in those Churches were about Seven thousand seven hundred and fifty Souls Mr. Endicot was chosen their first Governour The Twelfth of July Anno Dom. 1630. John Wenthorp Esq and the assistants arrived with the Patent for the Massachusets the passage of the people that came along with him in ten Vessels came to 95000 pound the Swine Goats Sheep Neat Horses cost to transport 12000 pound bâ—sides the price they cost them getting food for the people till they could clear the ground of wood amounted to 45000 pound Nails Glass and other Iron work for their meeting and dwelling houses 13000 pound Arms Powder Bullet and March together with their Artillery 22000 pound the whole sum amounts unto One hundred ninety two thousand pounds They set down first upon Nâ—ddle-Island afterwards they began to build upon the main In 1637. there were not many houses in the Town of Boston amongst which were two houses of entertainment called Ordinaries into which if a stranger went he was presently followed by one appointed to that Office who would thrust himself into his company uninvited and if he called for more drink than the Officer thought in his judgment he could soberly bear away he would presently countermand it and appoint the proportion beyond which he could not get one drop The Patent was granted to Sir Henry Rosewell Sir John Young Knight Thomas Southcoat John Humphrey John Endicot and Simon Whitecomb and to their Heirs Assigns and Associats for ever These took to them other Associats as Sir Richard Saltonstall Isaac Johnson Samuel Aldersey Jo. Ven Matth Craddock George Harwood Increase Nowell Rich. Perry Rich. Bellingham Nathaniel Wright Samuel Vasell Theophilus Eaton Thomas Goffe Thomas Adams Jo. Brown Samuel Brown Thomas Hutchins Will Vasell Will. Pinchon and George Foxcroft Matth. Craddock was ordained and constituted Governour by Patent and Thomas Goffe Deputy Governour of the said Company the rest Assistants That part of New-England granted to these fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between a great River called Monumach alias Merrimach and the often frequented Charles-River being in the bottom of a Bay called Massachusets alias Mattachusets alias Massatusets-bay and also those lands within the space of three English miles on the South part of the said Charles-River or any or every part and all the lands within three miles to the South-ward part of the Massachusets-bay and all those lands which lye within the space of three English miles to the North-ward of the River Merrimach or to the North-ward of any and every part thereof and all lands whatsoever within the limits aforesaid North and South in latitude and in breadth and length and longitude of and within all the main land there from the Atlantick and Western-Sea and Ocean on the East-part to the South-Sea on the West-part and all lands and grounds place and places soils woods and wood-groves Havens Ports Rivers Waters fishings and Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the aforesaid lands and limits and every part and parcel thereof and also all Islands lying in America aforesaid in the said Seas or either of them on the Western or Eastern Coasts or parts of the said tracts of lands Also all mines and minerals as well Royal of Gold Silver as others c. With power to rule and govern both Sea and land holden of the East manner of Greenwich in Com. Kent in free and common soccage yielding and paying to the King the fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which shall be found at any time This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fact by the name of the Governour and Company of the Mattachusets-bay in new-New-England That there shall be one Governour and Deputy-Governour and Eighteen Assistants of the same Company from time to time That the Governour and Deputy-Governour Assistants and all other Officers to be chosen from amongst the freemen the last Wednesday in Easter-term yearly in the general Court The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true and faithful to the Government and to give the same Oath to the other Officers To hold a Court once a month and any seven to be a sufficient Court And that there shall be four general Courts kept in Term time and one great general and solemn Assembly to make Laws and Ordinances So they be not contrary and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm of England Their form of Government and what their Laws concern you may see in the ensuing Table Their Laws Concern 1 their-person 1 Magistrates Governour Assistants 1 Counfellers 2 Judges 1 of the whole Countrey 2 of each Town 2 People 1 of the whole Countrey 1 for their prorection 2 for their provision 2 of each Town concerning
1 their lands 2 their Treasure 2 or causes 1 Civil they concern 1 The publick State or 2 Particular persons 2 Criminal Whether between the members of their own Common-wealth they are 1 either of Trespasses or 1 in their personal Inheritances and proprieties 2 In their mutual commerce whether in way 1 Of buying and selling 2 Lending and borrowing 2 of Capital Crimes 2 Between Burgesses and the people and forraign Nations whether in case 1 That we do them wrong 2 That they do us wrong Anno Dom. 1646. they drew up a body of their Laws for the well ordering of their Commonwealth as they not long since termed it The military part of their Common-wealth is governed by one Major-General and three Serjeant Majors to the Major-General belongeth particularly the Town of Biston to the three Serjeant Majors belong the four Counties but with submission to the Major-General The first Serjeant Major chosen for the County of Suffolk was Major Gibbons For the County of Middlesex Major Sedgwick For the County of Essex and Northfolk Major Denison Every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn general Court For being drunk they either whip or impose a fine of Five shillings so for swearing and cursing or boring through the tongue with a hot Iron For kâ—ssing a woman in the street though in way of civil salute whipping or a fine For Single fornication whipping or a fine For Adultery put to death and so for Witchcraft An English woman suffering an Indian to have carnal knowledge of her had an Indian cut out exactly in red cloth sewed upon her right Arm and injoyned to wear it twelve moneths Scolds they gag and set them at their doors for certain hours for all comers and goers by to gaze at Stealing is punished with restoring four fould if able if not they are sold for some years and so are poor debtors If you desire a further inspection to their Laws I must refer you to them being in print too many for to be inserted into this Relation The Governments of their Churches are Independent and Presbyterial every Church for so they call their particular Congregations have one Pastor one Teacher Ruling Elders and Deacons They that are members of their Churches have the Sacraments administred to them the rest that are out of the pale as they phrase it are denyed it Many hundred Souls there be amongst them grown up to men womens estate that were never Christened They judge every man and woman to pay Five shillings per day who comes not to their Assemblies and impose fines of forty shillings and fifty shillings on such as meet together to worship God Quakers they whip banish and hang if they return again Anabaptists they imprison fine and weary out The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the hands of the thorow-pac'd Independents and rigid Presbyterians The grose Goddons or great masters as also some of their Merchants are damnable rich generally all of their judgement inexplicably covetous and proud they receive your gifts but as an homage or tribute due to their transcendency which is a fault their Clergie are also guilty of whose living is upon the bounty of their hearers On Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended the people in the Galleries come down and march two a breast up one Ile and down the other until they come before the desk for Pulpit they have none before the desk is a long pue where the Elders and Deacons sit one of them with a mony box in his hand into which the people as they pass put their offering some a shilling some two shillings half a Crown five shillings according to their ability and good will after this they conclude with a Psalm but this by the way The chiefest objects of discipline Religion and morality they want some are of a Linsie-woolsie disposition of several professions in Religion all like Aethiopians white in the Teeth only full of ludification and injurious dealing and cruelty the extreamest of all vices The chiefest cause of Noah's floud Prov. 27.26 Agni erant ad vestitum tuum is a frequent Text among them no trading for a stranger with them but with a Graecian faith which is not to part with your ware without ready money for they are generally in their payments recusant and slow great Syndies or censors or controllers of other mens manners and savagely factious amongst themselves There are main travelling women too in Salomon's sence more the pitty when a woman hath lost her Chastity she hath no more to lose But mistake me not to general speeches none but the guilty take exceptions there are many sincere and religious people amongst them descryed by their charity and humility the true Characters of Christianity by their Zenodochie or hospitality by their hearty submission to their Soveraign the King of England by their diligent and honest labour in their callings amongst these we may account the Royalists who are lookt upon with an evil eye and tongue boulted or punished if they chance to lash out the tame Indian for so they call those that are born in the Countrey are pretty honest too and may in good time be known for honest Kings men They have store of Children and are well accommodated with Servants many hands make light work many hands make a full fraught but many mouths eat up all as some old planters have experimented of these some are English others Negroes of the English there are can eat till they sweat and work till they freeze of the females that are like Mrs. Winters paddocks very tender fingerd in cold weather There are none that beg in the Countrey but there be Witches too many bottle-bellied Witches amongst the Quakers and others that produce many strange apparitions if you will believe report of a Shallop at Sea man'd with women of a Ship and a great red Horse standing by the main-mast the Ship being in a small Cove to the Eastward vanished of a suddain Of a Witch that appeared aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mariner who took up the Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her head with it the Witch dying of the wound at home with such like bugbears and Terriculamentaes It is published in print that there are not much less than Ten hundred thousand souls English Scotch and Irish in New-England Most of their first Magistrates are dead not above two left in the Massachusets but one at Plimouth one at Connecticut and one at New-haven they having done their generation work are laid asleep in their beds of rest till the day of doom there and then to receive their reward according as they have done be it good or evil Things of great indurance we see come to ruine and alter as great Flouds and Seas dryed up mighty hills and mountains sunk into hollow bottoms marvel not then that man is mortal since his nature is unconstant and transitory The Diseases
9 leagues off our course W. S. W. the Start bore North distant about 6 leagues from whence our reckonings began the wind now E. N. E. a fair gale The second day the Lizard bore N. N. W. in the latitude 51.300 leagues from Cape-Cod in New England our course W. and by S. One of our passengers now dyed of a Consumption The Fifth day we steered S. W. observed and found the ship in latitude 47 degrees and 44 minutes The Tenth day observed and found the ship in laâ—iâ—ude 49 degrees and 24 minutes The Five and twentieth day about 3 of the clock in tâ—e morning we discovered land about 6 of the clock Flowers so called from abundance of flowers and Corvo from a multitude of Crowes two of the Azorâ—â— or western Islands in the Atlantique Oceaâ— not above 250 leagues form Lisbon boâ—â— N. W. of us some 3 leagues off we steereâ— away W. by W. observed and found Floweâ—â— to be in the Southern part in latitude 39 degrees 13 minuts we descryed a Village and a small Church or Chappel seated in a pleasant valley to the Easter-side of the Island the whole Island is rockie and mountanious about 8 miles in compass stored with Corn Wine and Goats and inhabited by out-law'd Portingals the Town they call Santa Cruz. Corvo is not far from this I supposed two or three leagues a meer mountain and very high and steep on all sides cloathed with tall wood on the very top uninhabited but the Flowreans here keep some number of Goats The Seven and twentieth day 30 leagues to the westward of these Islands we met with a small Vessel stoln from Jamaico but 10 men in her and those of several nations English French Scotch Dutch almost samish'd having been out as they told us by reason of calms three moneths bound for Holland July the sixth calm now for two or three dayes our men went out to swim some hoisted the Shallop out and took divers Turtles there being an infinite number of them all over the Sea as far as we could ken and a man may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles they floated upon the top of the water being a sleep and driving gently upon them with the Shallop of a sudden they took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the boat if they be not very nimble they awake and presently dive under water when they were brought aboard they sob'd and wept exceedingly continuing to do so till the next day that we killed them by chopping off their heads and having taken off their shells that on their back being fairest is called a Gally patch we opened the body and took out three hearts in one case and which was more strange we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after they were taken out I have observed in England in my youthful dayes the like in the heart of a Pike and the heart of a Frog which will leap and skip as nimbly as the Frog used to do when it was alive from whom it was taken Likewise the heart of a Pig will stir after it is exenterated Being at a friends house in Cambridg-shire the Cook maid making ready to slaughter a Pig she put the hinder parts between her legs as the usual manner is and taking the snout in her lest hand with a long knife she stuâ—k the Pig and cut the 〈…〉 of the heart almost in two letting 〈…〉 as any bloud came forth 〈…〉 â—â—â—ing of it into a Kettle of boyâ—◠〈…〉 the Pig swom twice round aâ—â—â— the kâ—ttle when taking of it out to the dresser she rubd it with powdered Rozen and stript off the hair and as she was cutting off the hinder pettito the Pig lifts up his head with open mouth as if it would have bitten well the belly was cut up and the entrails drawn out and the heart laid upon the board which notwithstanding the wound it received had motion in it above four hours after there were several of the Family by with my self and we could not otherwayes conclude but that the Pig was bewitched but this by the way Of the Sea Turtles there be five sorts first the Trunck-turtle which is biggest Secondly the Loggerhead-turtle Thirdly the Hawkbill-turtle which with its bill will bite horribly Fourthly the Green-turtle which is best for food it is affirmed that the feeding upon this Turtle for a twelve moneth forbearing all other kind of food will cure absolutely Consumptions and the great pox They are a very delicate food and their Eggs are very wholesome and restorative it is an Amphibious Creature going ashore the male throws the female on her back when he couples with her which is termed cooting their Eggs grown to perfection the female goes ashore again and making a hole in the Sand there layes her Eggs which are numerous I have seen a peck of Eggs taken out of one Turtle when they have laid they cover the hole again with sand and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs which hatching in the sand and coming to some strength break out and repair to the Sea Having fill'd our bellies with Turtles and Boniâ—o's called Spanish Dolphins excellently well cooked both of them the wind blowing fair The Eighth day we spread our sails and went on our voyage after a while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds called Gulfweed coming out of the Bay of Mexico and firr-trees floating on the Sea observed and found the Ship to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three foot long which being drest and dished by a young Merchant a passenger happened to be very good fish having very white flesh in flakes like Codd but delicately curl'd the back-bone which is perfectly round joynted with short joynts the space between not above a quarter of an inch thick separated they make fine Table-men being wrought on both sides with curious works The One and twentieth thick hasie weather The Five and twentieth we met with a Plimouth man come from St. Malloes in France 10 weeks out laden with cloath fruit and honey bound for Boston in New-England The Six and twentieth we had sight of land The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at Nantascot in the afternoon I went aboard of a Ketch with some other of our passengers in hope to get to Boston that night but the Master of the Ketch would not consent The Eight and twentieth being Tuesday in the morning about 5 of the clock he lent us his Shallop and three of his men who brought us to the western end of the town where we landed and having gratified the men we repaired to an Ordinary for so they call their Taverns there where we were provided with a liberal cup of burnt Madera-wine and store of plum-cake about ten of the clock I went about my Affairs Before I pursue my Voyage to an end I shall give you to understand what Countrie new-New-England is new-New-England is that part