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all_o arithmetical_a calculation_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v seem_v there_o need_v no_o other_o reductive_a of_o the_o number_n of_o man_n to_o a_o equability_n than_o the_o war_n that_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o world_n and_o although_o war_n be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n accidental_a or_o at_o least_o proceed_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n from_o the_o will_n of_o man_n their_o pride_n ambition_n impatience_n of_o injury_n affectation_n of_o dominion_n mutual_a jealousy_n and_o fear_n of_o the_o potency_n of_o each_o other_o and_o oftentimes_o accidental_a emergency_n and_o occurrence_n yet_o it_o seem_v that_o abstract_v from_o all_o these_o occasion_n war_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o natural_a consequence_n of_o the_o over-plenitude_n and_o redundancy_n of_o the_o number_n of_o man_n in_o the_o world_n and_o so_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o congruity_n and_o consequence_n moral_o necessary_a when_o the_o world_n grow_v too_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n that_o there_o be_v not_o 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concern_v the_o four_o and_o also_o inclusive_o the_o five_o corrective_a of_o the_o excess_n of_o mankind_n namely_o inundation_n and_o conflagration_n those_o that_o have_v be_v observer_n of_o thing_n in_o nature_n and_o history_n of_o former_a time_n have_v give_v we_o instance_n of_o two_o kind_n of_o mutation_n in_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n some_o that_o be_v more_o ordinary_a and_o of_o less_o moment_n and_o of_o such_o various_a have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n such_o be_v those_o mention_v especial_o by_o pliny_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 85._o &_o seqq_fw-la some_o place_n sever_v from_o the_o continent_n by_o the_o interruption_n of_o the_o sea_n thus_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o sicily_n be_v divide_v from_o italy_n cyprus_n from_o syria_n euboea_n from_o boeotia_n atlantis_n and_o macris_n from_o euboea_n bosticum_n from_o bythinia_n and_o some_o have_v think_v though_o perhaps_o upon_o very_o small_a evidence_n that_o england_n and_o france_n be_v sometime_o one_o continent_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o interruption_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o spain_n from_o africa_n again_o some_o city_n and_o country_n swallow_v up_o by_o the_o sea_n as_o pirrha_n and_o antissa_n elis_n and_o buta_n half_o the_o city_n of_o tyndaris_n in_o sicily_n and_o 30_o mile_n of_o the_o island_n cea_n with_o a_o great_a destruction_n of_o man_n and_o cattle_n some_o country_n whole_o swallow_v up_o and_o drown_v in_o the_o sea_n as_o acarnania_n achaia_n part_n of_o europe_n and_o asia_n in_o propontis_n but_o above_o all_o that_o great_a island_n of_o atlantis_n suppose_v by_o plato_n in_o his_o timaeus_n to_o be_v great_a than_o lybia_n and_o asia_n swallow_v up_o in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n to_o which_o it_o give_v its_o denomination_n but_o plato_n be_v oftentimes_o so_o poetical_a that_o we_o can_v hardly_o tell_v where_o he_o mean_v in_o earnest_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n many_o time_n the_o sea_n by_o a_o certain_a recompense_n make_v new_a room_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o world_n sometime_o by_o produce_v notable_a island_n thus_o the_o same_o pliny_n tell_v we_o that_o delos_n rhodes_n anaphe_n nea_n thera_n and_o teresia_n hiera_n automate_n thia_n be_v produce_v again_o the_o sea_n have_v desert_v vast_a tract_n of_o ground_n in_o divers_a place_n and_o leave_v they_o dry_a land_n as_o be_v relate_v by_o aristotle_n in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o meteor_n cap._n 14._o and_o by_o pliny_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n out_o of_o he_o and_o herodotus_n thus_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o land_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o sea_n at_o ephesus_n at_o ambracia_n and_o other_o part_n and_o that_o a_o very_a great_a part_n of_o egypt_n namely_o that_o call_v delta_n be_v but_o the_o accretion_n of_o nilus_n and_o be_v sometime_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o according_a to_o the_o conjecture_n of_o herodotus_n the_o sea_n possess_fw-fr memphis_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o egypt_n to_o the_o mountain_n of_o ethiopia_n but_o these_o be_v but_o conjecture_n of_o the_o historian_n of_o what_o may_v be_v in_o some_o thousand_o year_n before_o he_o be_v bear_v aristotle_n indeed_o suppose_v that_o the_o city_n thebes_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n be_v all_o that_o be_v habitable_a in_o egypt_n in_o the_o time_n of_o homer_n because_o he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o memphis_n but_o these_o small_a vicissitude_n and_o mutual_a borrow_n and_o payment_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n be_v not_o those_o mutation_n which_o so_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o reduction_n of_o mankind_n partly_o because_o they_o be_v gradual_a and_o give_v man_n opportunity_n to_o escape_v and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v not_o such_o devastation_n as_o may_v be_v pares_fw-la huic_fw-la negotio_fw-la unless_o we_o believe_v that_o wonderful_a swallow_v up_o of_o the_o vast_a island_n or_o rather_o continent_n of_o atlantis_n and_o partly_o because_o the_o sea_n which_o common_o give_v in_o one_o place_n what_o it_o take_v in_o another_o and_o so_o make_v room_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o world_n in_o compensation_n of_o what_o it_o take_v 2._o therefore_o i_o come_v to_o those_o great_a suppose_v corrective_n namely_o 1._o flood_n and_o inundation_n 2._o incendia_fw-la burn_n and_o again_o both_o or_o either_o of_o those_o be_v also_o vary_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n 1._o they_o be_v either_o such_o as_o be_v all_o at_o one_o time_n and_o do_v whole_o overwhelm_v and_o confound_v this_o low_a world_n or_o 2._o they_o be_v such_o as_o do_v not_o whole_o dissolve_v the_o low_a word_n or_o put_v a_o period_n to_o all_o thing_n live_v therein_o again_o the_o former_a opinion_n that_o hold_v these_o cataclysm_n and_o empyrose_n universal_a be_v such_o as_o either_o hold_v that_o it_o put_v a_o total_a consummation_n unto_o thing_n in_o this_o low_a world_n especial_o that_o of_o conflagration_n or_o else_o such_o as_o though_o it_o quite_o for_o the_o present_a confound_v the_o face_n of_o thing_n especial_o in_o this_o inferior_a world_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o preparative_n to_o a_o new_a formation_n of_o thing_n wherein_o all_o thing_n will_v be_v put_v into_o better_a order_n till_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o again_o degenerate_a and_o so_o be_v to_o receive_v another_o purgation_n by_o fire_n or_o water_n according_a to_o the_o fatal_a vicissitude_n to_o which_o the_o world_n be_v subject_a and_o they_o suppose_v that_o these_o successive_a unmaking_n and_o make_v again_o of_o the_o world_n not_o unlike_o the_o supposition_n of_o anaxagoras_n or_o empedocles_n be_v eternal_a and_o shall_v eternal_o continue_v in_o this_o vicissitude_n that_o the_o last_o destruction_n of_o the_o world_n be_v by_o water_n and_o that_o which_o be_v to_o succeed_v be_v by_o fire_n and_o this_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n whereof_o lipsius_n in_o his_o second_o book_n
and_o upward_o be_v six_o hundred_o and_o one_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o among_o these_o be_v the_o land_n after_o divide_v by_o joshua_n numb_a 26.51_o 53._o i_o do_v not_o remember_v any_o numeration_n of_o the_o people_n from_o this_o time_n till_o the_o time_n of_o king_n david_n and_o in_o that_o interval_n that_o people_n suffer_v very_o great_a detriment_n 1._o by_o the_o war_n with_o the_o canaanite_n under_o joshua_n wherein_o though_o they_o be_v victorious_a yet_o it_o can_v not_o be_v without_o great_a loss_n of_o men._n 2._o after_o this_o they_o endure_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o judge_n great_a diminution_n under_o the_o king_n of_o mesopotamia_n canaan_n the_o midianite_n the_o philistines_n the_o ammonite_n beside_o about_o 65000_o man_n slay_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n with_o the_o benjamite_n 3._o the_o war_n in_o the_o time_n of_o saul_n wherein_o though_o he_o be_v often_o victorious_a yet_o at_o last_o he_o suffer_v a_o great_a slaughter_n 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year_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o decrement_n they_o be_v increase_v about_o three_o million_o the_o next_o account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n and_o benjamin_n only_o under_o jehosaphat_n 2_o chron._n 17.14_o and_o though_o in_o the_o interval_n between_o david_n and_o jehosaphat_n these_o two_o tribe_n receive_v considerable_a allay_v by_o war_n plague_n and_o famine_n yet_o the_o number_n of_o the_o mighty_a man_n of_o valour_n of_o benjamin_n be_v 380000_o and_o of_o the_o tribe_n of_o judah_n 780000_o mighty_a man_n of_o valour_n the_o increase_n of_o judah_n between_o that_o and_o david_n numeration_n be_v 280000_o fight_a man_n and_o therefore_o the_o increase_n of_o woman_n child_n and_o age_a not_o fit_a for_o war_n must_v needs_o be_v much_o great_a and_o more_o considerable_a and_o yet_o this_o be_v in_o a_o period_n only_o of_o those_o year_n that_o intervene_v between_o david_n and_o jehosaphat_n after_o this_o the_o ten_o tribe_n be_v carry_v away_o captive_n by_o salmanasser_n 2_o king_n 17._o and_o only_o judah_n and_o benjamin_n remain_v so_o that_o now_o all_o our_o account_n must_v run_v upon_o these_o two_o tribe_n the_o rest_n be_v carry_v away_o and_o probable_o confound_v and_o mingle_v among_o the_o gentile_n and_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o calamity_n these_o two_o tribe_n endure_v by_o war_n and_o captivity_n from_o the_o time_n of_o hezekiah_n until_o their_o deportation_n into_o babylon_n we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o they_o have_v as_o great_a a_o reduction_n as_o ordinary_o can_v befall_v a_o people_n manasseh_n carry_v captive_a to_o babylon_n which_o probable_o be_v the_o issue_n of_o some_o great_a siege_n or_o battle_n josiah_n slay_v in_o battle_n by_o pharaoh_n king_n of_o egypt_n jerusalem_n take_v by_o nabuchadnezzar_n in_o the_o 8_o the_o year_n of_o jehojachim_n 2_o king_n 24.12_o again_o in_o the_o 9_o the_o year_n of_o zedekiah_n the_o city_n again_o besiege_v and_o after_o two_o year_n siege_n and_o great_a famine_n and_o slaughter_n take_v jer._n 39.12_o these_o severe_a administration_n of_o war_n can_v not_o be_v without_o great_a desolation_n slaughter_v and_o mortality_n though_o their_o number_n be_v not_o record_v the_o people_n be_v carry_v away_o captive_a to_o babylon_n in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n 3362_o or_o thereabouts_o which_o be_v about_o 437_o year_n after_o the_o reign_n of_o david_n seventy_o year_n after_o the_o captivity_n viz._n about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n 3420_o there_o be_v a_o return_n of_o the_o jew_n under_o cyrus_n which_o continue_v in_o partial_a remigration_n for_o some_o time_n after_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o return_v first_o with_o ezra_n be_v 42360_o ezra_n 2.64_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o great_a number_n there_o be_v other_o remigration_n in_o the_o time_n of_o darius_n and_o artaxerxes_n both_o in_o the_o 27_o the_o year_n though_o the_o certain_a number_n be_v not_o mention_v we_o will_v therefore_o take_v scope_n enough_o and_o suppose_v they_o in_o all_o 100000_o person_n which_o be_v more_o than_o double_a to_o those_o that_o come_v up_o with_o ezra_n these_o continue_v in_o a_o trouble_a condition_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o cessation_n of_o the_o persian_a monarchy_n until_o the_o time_n of_o christ_n and_o rare_o without_o war_n as_o the_o history_n of_o the_o maccabee_n give_v we_o a_o account_n especial_o under_o antiochus_n epiphanes_n who_o make_v great_a slaughter_n of_o they_o after_o that_o pompey_z by_o arm_n take_v jerusalem_n and_o subdue_v syria_n in_o general_a not_o without_o great_a bloodshed_n and_o as_o they_o be_v natural_o a_o unquiet_a people_n so_o the_o history_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_n and_o their_o governor_n exercise_v great_a severity_n and_o bloodshed_n among_o they_o and_o yet_o for_o all_o these_o corrective_n and_o decrement_n of_o this_o unquiet_a people_n josephus_n tell_v we_o that_o nero_n willing_a to_o take_v some_o account_n and_o estimate_n of_o they_o by_o their_o great_a convention_n and_o concourse_n in_o their_o paschal_n solemnity_n find_v their_o number_n to_o be_v seven_o and_o twenty_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n joseph_n de_fw-fr bello_fw-la judaico_fw-la l._n 7._o pag._n 968._o where_o stranger_n may_v not_o be_v mingle_v with_o they_o in_o that_o solemnity_n the_o destruction_n of_o jerusalem_n under_o titus_n and_o vespasian_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v under_o the_o 66_o the_o year_n after_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n 4006_o which_o be_v about_o 586_o year_n after_o the_o return_n under_o cyrus_n josephus_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o those_o that_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o jerusalem_n viz._n 110000_o and_o prisoner_n take_v 90000_o joseph_n lib._n 7._o cap._n penult_n beside_o the_o multitude_n slay_v in_o cyrene_n alexandria_n and_o other_o place_n not_o easy_a to_o be_v remember_v by_o which_o we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v that_o in_o the_o period_n of_o about_o 600_o year_n this_o nation_n of_o the_o jew_n increase_v to_o 27_o time_n more_o than_o when_o they_o return_v under_o cyrus_n for_o than_o we_o allow_v the_o number_n of_o they_o that_o return_v to_o be_v 100000_o but_o now_o they_o be_v increase_v to_o 2700000._o it_o be_v true_a some_o of_o the_o jew_n escape_v this_o slaughter_n and_o captivity_n suppose_v we_o the_o number_n of_o those_o that_o escape_v be_v a_o million_o of_o jew_n such_o i_o mean_v as_o hold_v rigorous_o to_o their_o jewish_a law_n for_o many_o become_v christian_n and_o leave_v much_o of_o the_o jewish_a strictness_n and_o possible_o mingle_v with_o other_o nation_n but_o if_o we_o shall_v now_o examine_v the_o multitude_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n we_o shall_v find_v vast_a number_n of_o they_o in_o all_o the_o trade_n city_n '_o and_o country_n except_o england_n france_n spain_n portugal_n naples_n and_o sicily_n 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by_o war_n oppression_n and_o internetion_n plague_n famine_n and_o other_o calamity_n we_o find_v the_o product_n of_o one_o nation_n derive_v from_o only_o two_o person_n isaac_n and_o rebecca_n in_o the_o compass_n of_o about_o 5000_o year_n swell_v into_o incredible_a number_n of_o million_o of_o person_n now_o exist_v and_o know_v to_o be_v of_o that_o lineage_n and_o descent_n and_o still_o continue_v unquestionable_o in_o that_o distinction_n beside_o those_o multitude_n derive_v from_o the_o line_n of_o esau_n and_o the_o ten_o tribe_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v lest_o and_o confound_v without_o any_o distinction_n among_o other_o nation_n and_o thus_o far_o of_o the_o first_o instance_n concern_v the_o multiplication_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o jew_n the_o next_o instance_n that_o i_o shall_v give_v shall_v be_v near_a home_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n i_o shall_v not_o give_v any_o instance_n touch_v it_o before_o the_o conquest_n because_o those_o time_n be_v dark_a and_o beside_o the_o vicissitude_n and_o succession_n of_o various_a nation_n in_o this_o kingdom_n render_v the_o discovery_n of_o the_o progress_n of_o generation_n of_o man_n or_o the_o increase_v thereof_o difficult_a as_o briton_n roman_n pict_n saxon_n and_o dane_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n be_v the_o briton_n the_o body_n of_o which_o people_n have_v be_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n shut_v up_o and_o contain_v within_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n but_o what_o by_o the_o transplant_n of_o many_o of_o the_o welsh_a into_o england_n and_o by_o transplant_n of_o the_o english_a into_o wales_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a to_o say_v that_o all_o the_o briton_n be_v confine_v to_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n or_o that_o none_o but_o briton_n be_v there_o and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o particular_a or_o evident_a conclusion_n make_v touch_v their_o increase_n or_o multiplication_n but_o i_o shall_v take_v a_o short_a period_n or_o compass_n of_o time_n namely_o the_o last_o 600_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o since_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o although_o it_o may_v be_v true_a that_o many_o person_n of_o foreign_a country_n have_v come_v into_o england_n and_o plant_v themselves_o here_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a increase_n of_o this_o kingdom_n can_v be_v single_o attribute_v to_o those_o that_o be_v either_o native_n or_o such_o as_o come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n but_o many_o scotch_a irish_a dutch_a but_o especial_o french_a either_o by_o naturalization_n or_o transmigration_n have_v increase_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n yet_o consider_v that_o probable_o the_o migration_n of_o the_o english_a into_o scotland_n holland_n france_n and_o other_o country_n have_v make_v amends_o for_o their_o migration_n hither_o we_o may_v make_v a_o reasonable_a conjecture_n that_o the_o descendants_n from_o those_o that_o inhabit_v this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conqueror_n have_v increase_v exceed_o above_o what_o 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those_o place_n as_o for_o instance_n ibi_fw-la 12_o burgenses_n 5_o villani_n 5_o bordarii_n 5_o nativi_fw-la 5_o radiminche_n 5_o cotterelli_n and_o the_o like_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o this_o book_n in_o effect_n give_v a_o account_v not_o only_o of_o the_o manurable_a land_n in_o every_o manor_n town_n or_o vill_n but_o also_o of_o the_o number_n and_o nature_n of_o their_o several_a inhabitant_n to_o make_v a_o calculation_n of_o the_o number_n of_o plough-land_n and_o inhabitant_n through_o all_o england_n as_o they_o be_v record_v and_o to_o make_v therewith_o a_o comparison_n unto_o the_o present_a state_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n at_o this_o day_n throughout_o england_n be_v a_o laborious_a piece_n of_o work_n but_o it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o be_v do_v in_o any_o one_o county_n i_o have_v try_v the_o comparison_n in_o the_o county_n of_o gloucester_n through_o some_o great_a borough_n as_o gloucester_n itself_o thornbury_n tetbury_n and_o other_o place_n and_o in_o effect_n through_o the_o whole_a county_n and_o i_o do_v find_v 1._o that_o there_o be_v very_o many_o more_o vill_n and_o hamlet_n now_o than_o there_o be_v then_o and_o very_o few_o village_n town_n or_o parish_n then_o which_o continue_v not_o to_o this_o day_n but_o now_o there_o be_v as_o many_o as_o then_o and_o many_o more_o the_o 5_o the_o of_o march_n 9_o e._n 2._o there_o issue_v writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o several_a county_n to_o return_v the_o name_n of_o the_o several_a vill_n and_o land-owner_n in_o their_o several_a bailiwick_n which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o remain_v of_o record_n in_o the_o exchequer_n under_o the_o stile_n of_o nomina_fw-la villarum_fw-la and_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o vill_n of_o gloucestershire_n together_o with_o the_o five_o borough_n of_o gloucester_n bristol_n berkley_n dursly_n and_o newenham_n amount_v to_o 234_o which_o i_o take_v it_o be_v more_o than_o be_v in_o 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town_n or_o manor_n at_o least_o as_o householder_n be_v very_o precise_a and_o particular_a i_o have_v not_o yet_o make_v a_o exact_a particular_a calculation_n of_o the_o number_n record_v in_o that_o book_n through_o the_o whole_a county_n but_o i_o will_v give_v a_o few_o instance_n of_o particular_a town_n which_o may_v give_v a_o estimate_n touch_v the_o whole_a gloucester_n be_v now_o a_o very_a great_a and_o populous_a city_n former_o before_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 8._o a_o borough_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o doomsday_n it_o be_v survey_v distinct_a from_o the_o bertun_n of_o glouc_n '_o the_o gross_a of_o the_o borough_n be_v survey_v together_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o county_n but_o there_o be_v some_o other_o particular_a burgage_n thereof_o mention_v under_o the_o title_n of_o particular_a man_n possession_n as_o terra_fw-la rogeri_n de_fw-fr lacie_n terra_fw-la elnuffi_n de_fw-fr hesding_n etc._n etc._n the_o whole_a concretion_n of_o the_o city_n of_o gloucester_n consist_v partly_o of_o what_o be_v the_o ancient_a borough_n partly_o of_o accession_n from_o the_o manor_n or_o village_n adjacent_a as_o barton_n and_o some_o other_o i_o shall_v therefore_o cast_v up_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o all_o that_o be_v in_o gloc_n '_o or_o barton_n in_o the_o survey_n of_o gloucester_n there_o be_v reckon_v 23_o burgage_n and_o house_n 16_o that_o be_v demolish_v for_o the_o build_n of_o the_o castle_n 14_o that_o be_v waste_v and_o some_o that_o belong_v to_o osbertus_n episcopus_fw-la not_o number_v but_o yield_v the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o 10_o shilling_n which_o according_a to_o the_o usual_a rate_n of_o the_o house_n in_o gloucester_n at_o that_o time_n which_o be_v at_o 5_o d_o or_o 6_o d_o a_o house_n may_v produce_v 20_o house_n in_o toto_fw-la 73._o beside_o these_o there_o be_v survey_v under_o the_o title_n of_o several_a owner_n of_o land_n sparsim_fw-la through_o the_o book_n as_o under_o the_o title_n