going so that all the company perisht by famine or other extremities except the Pilot and three or four Mariners who all likewise died soon after their arrival leaving to Columbus their Landlord their Papers with some account of their Discoveries the time place Countrey and name of this Pilot is uncertain and therefore other Authors affirm it to be a fable or Spanish contrivance as envying that an Italian and Forreigner should have the glory of being the first discoverer of the Indies and the more judicious Spaniards account it a Tale and give a more probable Relation thereof and of the cause which moved Columbus to this mighty undertaking and not the Pilots Papers or reports For they write that Christopher Colon or Columbus was born at Nervi in the Territories of Genoa and bred a Mariner from his Child-hood trading into Syria and other Eastern Countries after which he learnt the art of making Sea Cards and went to Portugal to acquaint himself with the Coasts of Africa and there married In sayling about these Seas he observed that at certain seasons of the year the winds blew from the West for a great while together and judging they came from some Coasts beyond the Sea he was so concerned that he resolved to make a Trial thereof He was now forty years old and propounding to the State of Genoa that if they would furnish him with Ships he would find a way by the West to the Islands of Spices they rejected it as a dream or idle fancy Being thus frustrate of his hopes he goes to Portugal and communicates his design to King Alphonsus but with the same success upon which he sent his Brother Bartholomew Columbus to King Henry the Seventh of England to sollicit his assistance while himself went into Spain to impiore aid of the Castilians Bartholomew was unhappily taken by Pirates in his voyage to England who robbing him and his company of all they had he at length arrived and was forced to get a mean livelyhood by making Sea Cards and in a short time presents a Map of the World to King Henry with his Brothers offer of discovery which the King gladly accepted and sent for him into England But he had sped in his suit before in Spain for coming thither and conferring with two able Spanish Pilots they advised him to apply himself to the Dukes of Medina Sidonia and Medina Caeli who giving him recommendation to the Queens Confessor he arrived at the Court of Castile in 1486. but Ferdinando and Isabella then King and Queen of Spain being ingaged hotly in the Wars of Granada against the Moors he at first found but cold entertainment Thus he continued for some time in a mean and contemptible Condition till at length the Archbishop of Toledo procured him audience where he was favourably received and promised dispatch upon concluding the Wars in Granada and accordingly he was furnished with three Caravels at the Kings charges and sixteen thousand Duckets in money In 1492. August 3. Columbus accompanied with about one hundred and Twenty Persons set sail for Gomera one of the Canary Islands where having refresht after many days they encountred the Sea called Sargasso from an Herb like Sampire wherewith it is so covered that it appears like a green Field with empty berries like a Gooseberry and is so thick that the Water cannot be seen hindring the passage of the Ship without a strong wind these weeds are thought to reach to the bottom of the Sea though there exceeding deep and above four hundred miles distant from the Coast of Africa This strange accident much surprized the Spaniards and had occasioned their return had not the sight of some birds incouraged them with hopes of Land not far off After thirty three days sayling despairing of success the company mutined threatning to throw Columbus into the Sea disdaining that a Genouse stranger should thus abuse them but at length by soft words and strong promises he qualified their anger Oct. 11. following one Roderigo di Triana cried out Land Land the best musick that Columbus could desire who to pacify the Spaniards had ingaged that if no Land appeared in three days he would then return one of the company the night before had descried Fire which raised his expectation of having some great reward from the King of Spain of which being frustrate at his return he in a rage renounced his Christianity and turned Moor. With Tears of Joy the late mutinous Mariners behold the desired Land and they that Yesterday were ready to destroy now as far distracted with contrary passions imbrace and almost adore their dear Columbus for so happily bringing them to this Land of Promise On shore they go and felling a Tree make a Cross thereof which they there erected and took possession of this New World in the name of the Catholick King They first landed in an Island called Guanahâ—ni one of the Lucai which Columbus named St. Salvadore from whence he sayled to Baracoa an Haven on the North side of the Isle of Cuba and landing inquired of the Inhabitants for Cipango or Japan which they understanding to be Cibao in Hispaniola where are the richest Mines they made signs to them that they were in Haiti which name they gave to Hispaniola and some of them went with him thither but no earthly joy is without some disaster for here their Admiral split upon a Rock but the men were saved by the help of other Ships This happened on the North part of Hispaniola where they saw some Inhabitants who for fear of strangers instantly fled into the Mountains One woman they got whom they used kindly giving her meat drink and clothes and so dismissing her who declaring their civility to the rest they soon came in Troops to the Ships judging the Spaniards to be some Divine Nation sent from Heaven Though before they thought them Canibals or Man-eaters and such indeed they afterward proved in some sense not leaving in some few years after their arrival above two hundred Indians alive of four Millions that before inhabited these Countries Before the discovery of this Island by Columbus the People were informed thereof by an Oracle for one of their Kings being very importunate with their Zemes or Gods to know future events fasted five days together spending his time in continual mourning After which the Zemes declared That some years after there would arrive a strange Nation clothed bearded and armed with shining Swords which would out a man asunder in the middle who should destroy the ancient Images of their Gods abolish their Ceremonies and slay their Children In remembrance of which Oracle they composed a solemn Elegy which upon Holy days they used mournfully to sing Nothing more pleased the Spaniards than the Gold which the Innocent Inhabitants exchanged with them for Bells Glasses Points and other Trifles Columbus got leave of the King of Hispaniola to build a Fort and leaving 38 Spaniards therein taking with him six
her dark bowels could not keep From greedy hands lies safer in the deep Where th' Ocean kindly does from Mortals hide Those seeds of Luxury Debate and Pride And thus into our hands the richest Prize Falls with the noblest of our Enemies c. The Soyl of Jamaica is very fruitful the Trees and Plants being always springing and never disrobed of their Summer Livery every month being like our April or May there are many Plains which they call Savana's intermixt with Hills and Woods which they say were formerly Fields of Indian Maiz or Wheat but converted by the Spaniards to pasture for feeding their Horses Cows Hoggs and Asinego 's that they brought from Spain for breed afrer they had destroyed all the Indians which were reckoned above six hundred Thousand which Cattle increased exceedingly great herds of Horses Hogs and other kinds still running Wild in the Woods The Air is more temperate than any of the Caribees being constantly cooled with Eastern breezes and frequent rains and never troubled with these storms of wind called Hurricanes wherewith the adjacent Islands are disturbed sometimes so violent that Ships are forced out of the Roads and on Shoar their Houses blown down and provisions rooted out of the Earth The days and nights are almost equall all the year It produceth many excellent Commodities as Sugar very good Cocao Indico Cotton Tobacco Hydes Tortoise Shells curious Wood Salt Saltpeter Ginger Pepper Drugs of several sorts and Cocheneel with many others which if well improved this Isle will be the best and richest Plantation that ever the English were Masters of They have Horses so plentifull that a special one may be bought for six or seven pound Likewise Cows Asinego 's Mules Sheep Goats and Hogâ— in abundance With very rare Fish of several sorts and plenty of tame Fowl as Hens Turkies and some Ducks but almost infinite store of Wild-Fowl as Geese Turkies Pigeons Ducks Teal Wâ—gens Ginny Hens Plovers Flem ngo's Snipes Parrâ—ts and Paracâ—etto's and many others whose names are not known With choice Fruits as Oranges Limes Pomegranats Coco-nuts Guavers Prickle-Apples Prickle-Pears Grapes Plantains Pines and sâ—veral more All manner of Garden Herbs and Roots as Beans Pease Cabbages Colliflowers Radish Lettice Pursly Melons and divers more They are sometimes troubled with Calentures which is generally occasioned by drunkenness ill Diet or Sloth also with Feavers and Agues but they seldom prove mortal This Isle abounds with good Roads Bays and Harbours the chief whereof is Port Royal formerly called Cageway very commodious for Shipping and secured by a strong Castle it is about twelve Miles from the chief Town of the Island called St. Jago Next is Port-Morant Oâ—d Harbour Port-Negril and Port-Antonio with divers others The Town of St. Jago de la vega is sâ—ated six miles within the Land North-west When the Spaniards possest the Isle it was a large famous City of about two Thousand Houses with two Churches two Chappels and an Abbey which when the English took under Venables were destroyed all but five hundred its Churches and Chappels made fewer and the remainder spoiled and defaced But since the settlement of the English they begin to repair the ruinous Houses and it is like to be grâ—ater than formerly Passage is another Town six mile from St. Jago and as many from Portugal where are about twenty Houses and a Fort to secure the English going thither In the Spaniards time here were several other Towns which are now disregarded as Sevilla on the North of the Isle once beautified with a Collegiat Church which had an Abbot Melilla in the Northeast where Columbus repaired his Ships at his return from Veragua when he was almost Shipwrackt Oristan toward the South Sea where Peter Seranna lost his Ship upon the adjacent Rocks and Sands and continued here in a Solitary Condition for three years and then had the company of a Mariner for four years more who was likewise Shipwrackt and only saved himself Though there are at present no more Towns yet the Island is divided into fourteen Precincts or Parishes namely Port Royal St. Catherine St. Johns St. Andrews St. Davids St. Thomas and Clarendon many whereof are well inhabited by the English that have there very good Plantations whose number is not certainly known but according to a survey taken and returned into England some years since there were above seventeen hundred Families and more than Fifteen Thousand Inhabitants in the forenamed fourteen Precincts And in the four Parishes on the North side of the Isle that is St. Georges St. Maries St. Anus and St. James above Two Thousand more all which are now extreamly increased even to double if not treble that number the Great Incouragement of gaining wealth and a pleasant life inviting abundance of People to transplant themselves from Barbadoes and other English Plantations every year so that in a small time it is like to be the most potent and rich Plantation in all America And besides the aforementioned number of Inhabitants there are reckoned to belong to Jamaica of Privatiers or Bucaniers Sloop and Boat-men which ply about the Isle at least Thirty Thousand stout fighting men whose Courage is sufficiently discovered in their dayly attempts upon the Spaniards in Panama and other places which for the hazard conduct and daringness of their exploits have by some been compared to the Actions of Caesar and Alexander the Great The Laws of this Island are as like those of England as the dâ—fference of Countreys will admit they having their several Courts Magistrates and Officers for executing Justice on Offenders and hearing and determining all Civil Causes between man and man The present Governor under his Majesty of Great Britain is Sir Thomas Linch FINIS There are lately published the four following Books all which together may be reckoned a very satisfactory History of England and the affairs thereof for above a thousand years past they are to be had single or all bound together of Nath. Crouch at the Bell in the Poultrey near Cheapside 1. THE Second Edition of Englands Monarchs very much enlarged Or A Compendious Relation of the most Remarkable Transactions and Observable Passages Ecclesiastical Civil and Military which have happened during the Reigns of the Kings and Queens of England from the Invasion of the Romans under Julius Caesar to this present Adorned with Poems and the Pictures of every Monarch from King William the Conqueror to our most gracious Soveraign King James the Second with his present Majesties Life Heroick Actions late gracious Declaration and other Occurrences to this time The Names of his now Majesties most Honourable Privy Council The Great Officers of the Crown A List of the Dukes Marquesses Earls Viscount Bishops Barons and Deans The Knights of the most Noble Order of the Garter at Windsor and the Principal Officers Civil and Military in England The number of the Lord and Commons who have Votes in both Houses of Parliament and many other very
he would restore him to his Liberty and Kingdom he would fill up a large Room at Guatimala with Gold and Silver which was thrice as much as Atabaliba had promised adding that his Father Guayna who was a great Sorcerer had commanded him on his Death-bed to be kind to the white and Bearded Men who should come and rule in those parts Atabaliba hearing of these offers sent to have his Brother put to death which the Spaniards took no notice of and which seemed justly to befall him since he had before Murthered another of his Brethren and drunk in his Skull as he had sworn to deal with Atabaliba The Caribee Islands In this Kingdom of Peru is an High Mountain called Periacaca upon which Joseph Acosta ascended as well provided as possible being sensible of the Danger but in the ascent he and his Companions were suddenly surprized with looseness and Vomiting casting up Flegm Choler and Bloud so that they expected present death There are other Desarts in Peru called Punas where the Air cuts off men without feeling a small breath depriving them sometimes of their feet and hands which fall off like leaves in Autumn without pain and other times of their Lives and yet after death the same piercing cold Air preserves the body from Putrefaction Cuba an Island of 230 Leagues in length was about this time possessed by the Spaniards where they executed great severity as well as in other places A certain Lord of great power who had fled over the Continent to this Isle to avoid either death or perpetual Captivity hearing that the Spaniards were come hither having assembled the Principal Indians spake to them to this effect Countrymen and Friends you are not ignorant of the rumour that the Spaniards are arrived amongst us neither need I tell you how barbarously they have used the Inhabitants of Hispaniola you know it by too certain Intelligence nor can we hope to find them more merciful than they did But my dear Countrymen do you know their Errand if not I will tell you the cause of their coming they worship some covetous and insatiate God and to content their greedy Deity they require all our Gold and Silver from us for this they endeavour continually to murther and enslave us See here this little Chest of Gold and therein behold the God of the Spaniards therefore if you think fit let us dance and sing before this their God perhaps we may hereby appease his rage and he will then command his worshippers to let us alone To this motion they all assented and danced round about the Box till they were throughly wearied when the Lord thus proceeded If we should keep this God till he be taken from us we shall be certainly slain I therefore think it expedient for us to cast him into the River whose Counsel being followed the Chest was thrown into the River When the Spaniards first landed in this Island this Nobleman having sufficient experience of their cruelty avoided them as much as possible still flying and defending himself by force of Arms upon all occasions at length being taken for no other reason but endeavouring to preserve his Life from his Enemies he was by the Spaniards burnt alive being tied to a Stake a Franciscan Monk began to discourse him of God and the Articles of his Religion telling him that the small time allowed him by the Executioner was sufficient to make his Salvation sure if he did heartily believe in the true Faith having a while considered his words he asked the Monk whether the Door of Heaven was open to the Spaniards who answering yea then said he Let me go to Hell that I may not come where they are In this Island the Spaniards got above a Million of Gold and vast sums more in the other spacious Provinces of this New World the greatest part whereof came into their Possession in a few years and which they enjoy to this very day CHAP. II. The Voyages and Discoveries of several Englishmen into America IN the former Chapter I have according to my usual scantling given a sufficient account of the Fortunate Acquisitions of the Spaniards and now think my self in justice obliged to let my Countrymen know what Adventurous Voyages and extream dangers some of our brave English Spirits have surmounted in their Discoveries of this New World wherein I shall follow the Sun beginning first Northward and so proceed toward and beyond the Equinoctial I. In which number Sir Sebastian Cabot ought to be first mentioned born and living in England though a Venetian Gentleman by Extraction who in 1496 at the charge of Henry the 7th King of England set out with two Carravels for discovering a Northwest â—assage to Cathay and the East-Indies according to the design which Columbus had first suggested to him in pursuit whereof he is reported to have sailed to 67 Degrees of Northern Latitude upon the Coast of America and finding Land called it Prima Vista the Inhabitants wore the Skins of Beasts there were white Bears and Stags far greater than ours with great piâ—â—ty of Seal and Sole fish above a yard long and such vast quantities of other Fish that they sometimes staid the course of the Ship the Bears caught these Fish with their Claws and drawing them to Land eat them he then discovered all along the Coast to Florida and afterward returned at which time strong preparations being making for Wars with Scotland this design was wholly laid aside to the great prejudice of the English Nation who in all probability might have made themselves Quarter-masters at least with the Spaniards in the wealthiest Parts and Provinces of America if the business had been well followed Sir Sebastian himself went immediately to Spain and was imployed by that King in discovering the Coasts of Brasil and though he afterward returned again to England in 1549. and was honoured by King Edward the Sixth with the Title of Grand Pilot of England and the yearly Pension of an hundred and sixty Pound yet his design was never effectually revived II. Sir Martin Frobisher justly deserves the second place who in the reign of Queen Elizabeth made three several voyages to discover the North-west Passage June 15. 1576 he sailed from Blackwall and July 7 had sight of Frizeland but could not get ashoar because of the abundance of Ice and an extream Fog July 20. he had sight of an High Land which he named Queen Elizabeths Foreland very full of Ice but sailing further Northward he descried another Foreland with a Great Bay whereinto he entred calling it Frobishers Streights supposing it to divide Asia from America Having sailed sixty Leagues he went ashore and was encountred with mighty Deer who ran at him indangered his Life He had there a sight of the Savage Inhabitants who rowed to his Ship in Boats of Seals Skins they eat or rather devour raw Flesh and Fish their hair was long and black broad faces flat noses colour tawny
those strange Cataracts or Over-falls of Caroli of which there appeared ten or twelve in sight every one as high above the other as a Church Steeple They likewise saw a Mountain of Chrystal which appeared afar off like a white Tower exceeding high over which there falls a mighty River which touches no part of the side of the Mountain but rusheth over leaving all hollow underneath with such a dreadful noise as if a thousand great Bells were rung together Further South they were told is the Nation of the Amazons where none but Women inhabit conversing with the Men only once a year but none of these were seen by our Men nor any of those People whose Mouths are said to be in their Breasts and their Eyes in their Shoulders and others who have Heads like Dogs and live all the day in the Sea which Relations we may justly esteem fabulous till we are certified of their reality by some honest Eye-witness yet one Francis Parrey left there by Sir Walter Rawleigh tells of a place called Camala where at certain times Women are sold as at a Fair and says he bought eight young Girls the Eldest of which was not eighteen for a Red hasted Knife which in England cost an half-penny he bestowed these Lasses upon the Savages and was himself afterward sent Prisoner to Spain After fourteen years Imprisonment in the Tower of London Sir Walter Rawleigh made another Voyage to Guiana which proved very Unfortunate and soon after his return he was beheaded in the Palace Yard Westminster October 29. 1618. CHAP. III. A Prospect of New found-land with the Discovery Plantation and Product thereof HItherto I have treated only of some Voyages and Discoveries made by divers worthy Englishmen into several parts of America I shall now proceed to give an Account of the Discovery Plantation and Settlement of those Countreys and Islands in the West-Indies of which the English are in Possession at this day and shall therefore begin with this Country as being farthest North and so proceed South toward the Equinoctial Line according to my proposed Method New found-land was first discovered by Sebastian Cabot though not then known to be an Island Fabian in his Chronicle says that in the time of Henry the 7th three Men were brought to the King taken in New-found-land and Robert Thorn writes that his Father and one Mr. Eliot were the Discoverers of the New-found-lands In 1530. Mr. Hore set out for a further Discovery but was brought to such extremity by Famine that many of the Company were killed and eaten by their Fellows and those which returned were so altered that Sir William Butts a Norfolk Knight could not know their Son Thomas one of this starved number but only by a Wart which grew upon one of his Knees It is a great Island judged as big as England scituated between 46 and 53 Degrees North Latitude The North part is better Inhabited than the South though fitter for Habitation it is furnished upon the Sea coasts with abundance of Cod-fish Herrings Salmons Thorn-back Oysters and Muscles with Pearls â—t abounds with Bears and Foxes who will rob you of your Flesh and Fish before your Face Within Fifty Leagues of the Shore lies a Bank or Ridge of Ground extending in length many hundred Leagues in breadth twenty four where broadest in other places but sixteen And all about it are certain Islands which Cabot by one common name called Bacalaos for the great number of Cod-fish which swarmed so much thereabout that it hindred the passage of his Ship After the first discovery the business of Trading thither was laid aside for many years in the mean time the Normans Portugals and Brittains of France resorted to it and changed the names which had been given by the English to the Bays and Promontories but the English would not so soon relinquish their pretensions and therefore in 1583. Sir Humfry Gilbert took Possession thereof in the name and by the Commission of Queen Elizabeth forbidding all other Natitions to use Fishing and intended to have setled an English Colony there but being Wrackt in his return the setling of the Colony was discontinued till 1608. and then undertook by John Guy a Merchant of Bristol who in twenty three days sailed from thence to Conception Bay in Newfoundland In 16â—1 they had scarce six days of Frost in October and November which presently thawed the rest of the Months being warmer and dryer than in Engâ—and neither were the Brooks Frozen over three Nights together with Ice able to bear a Dog they had Filberds Fish Mackerel and Foxes in the Winter white Partridges in the Summer larger than ours who are much afraid of Ravens they killed a Wolf with a Mastiff and a Greyhound In 1612. They found some Houses of Savages which were nothing but Poles set round and meeting on the Top ten Foot broad the Fire in the midst covered with Deerskins The People are of a reasonable stature beardless broadfaced their Faces coloured with Oker some of them went Naked only their Privities covered with a Skin they believe in one God who Created all things but have many whimsical notions and ridiculous opinions for they say that after God had made all things he took a number of Arrows and stuck them in the Ground from whence Men and Women first sprung up and have multiplied ever since a Sagamor or Governour being asked concerning the Trinity answered there was only one God one Son one Mother and the Sun which were four Yet God was above all being questioned if they or their Ancestors had heard that God was come into the World he said that he had not seen him some among them speak visibly to the Devil and he tells them what they must do as well in War as other matters One Samuel Chaplain in 1603. tells of a Feast made by one of their Great Lords in his Cabin eight or ten Kettles of meat were set on several Fires four yards asunder The men sate on both sides the room each having a dish of the Bark of a Tree one of which was appointed to give every man his portion Before the meat was boyled one took his Dog and danced about the Kettles and when he came before the Sagamor threw the Dog down and then another succeeded in the like exercise after the Feast they danced with the heads of their Enemies in their hands singing all the while Their Canoos are of the bark of birch strengthned with little wooden Hoops they have many Fires in their Cabins ten houshoâ—ds sometimes live together lying upon skins one by another and their Dogs with them which are like Foxes At another Feast the men caused all the women and maids to sit in ranks themselves standing behind singing suddenly all the women threw off their Mantles of skins and stript themselves stark naked not at all ashamed of their shame Their Songs ended they â—yed with one voice Ho Ho Ho and then covered â—hemselves with
degrees of North Latitude His Travels were siâ— much perfected by the Industry and Voyages of Câ—tain Gosnold Captain Hudson Captain Smith and otheâ— the last of whom gives a very large account of the woâ—ship and Ceremonies of the Indians This Captain wâ— taken Prisoner by the Natives and whiile he stayed among them observed their Magical Rites Three â— four days after his being seized seven of their Prieâ— in the House where he lay each with a Rattle maâ—ing him sit down by them began about 10 in thâ— morning to sing about a Fire which they incompassâ— with a circle of Meal at the end of every Song whiâ—â— the chief Priest begun the rest following in order they layd down 2 or 3 grains of wheat Then â— Priest disguised with a great Skin his head hung round with little Skins of Weasels and other Vermine and a Coronet of Feathers painted as ugly as the Devil at the end of every song he used strange and vehement gestures throwing great Cakes of Deer suet and Tobacco into the Fire thus these howling Devotions continued till 6 a clock at night and held so 3 days This they pretended was to know of their God whether any more English should arrive and what they intended to do in that Countrey They fed Captain Smith so high that he much doubted they would have sacrificed him to their chief Deity the Image of whom is so deformed that nothing can be more monstrous the Women likewise after he was freed and President of the Company made him a very odd entertainment Thirty of them came out of the Woods only covered before and behind with a few green leaves their bodies painted of different colours the Commander of these Nymphs had on her head a large pair of Staggs Horns and a Quiver of Arrows at her back with Bow and Arrows in her hand The rest followed with Horns and Weapons all alike they rushed through the Trees with hellish shouts and cryes dancing about a Fire which was there made to that purpose for an hour together Then they solemnly invited him to their Lodging where he was no sooner come but they all surrounded him declaring great kindness to him and crying Love you not me after which they feasted him with great variety cook'd after their mad fashion some singing and dancing all the while and at last lighted him home with a Firebrand instead of a Torch to his Lodgings When they design to make War they first consult with their Priests and Conjurers no People being so barbarous almost but they have their Gods Priests and Religion they adore as it were all things that they think may unavoidably hurt them as Fire Water Lightning Thunder our great Guns Muskets and Horses yea some of them once seeing an English Boar were struck with much terror because he bristled up his Hair and gnashed his Teeth believing him to be the God of the Swine who was offended with them The chief God they worship is the Devil which they call Okee they have conference with him and fashion themselves into his shape in their Temples they have his Image il favouredly carved painted adorned with Chains Copper and Beads and covered with a Skin theâ— Sepulchre of their Kings is commonly neer him whose bodies are first Imbowelled dried on a hurdle adorned with Chains and Beads and then wrapped in white Skins over which are Matts they are afterward intombed orderly in Arches made of Matts their wealth being placed at their Feet for their ordinary burials they dig a deep hole in the Earth with sharp Stakes and the Corps being wrapped in Skins and Matts they lay them upon Sticks in the ground and cover them with Earth The Burial ended the Women having their Faces painted black with Cole and Oil sit mourning in the Houses twenty four hours together yelling and howling by turns The People are clothed with loose Mantles made of Deer skins and Aprons of the same round their middles all else naked of stature like to us in England they paint themselves and their Children and he is most gallant who is most deformed the Women imbroider their Legs Hands and other parts with divers works as of Serpents and the like making black Spots in their Flesh Their Houses are made of small Poles round and fastned at the top in a circle like our Arbours covered with Matts twice as long as broad they are exact Archers and with their Arrows will kill Birds flying or Beasts running full speed one of our Men was with an Arrow shot through the Body and both the Arms at once another Indian shot an Arrow of an Ell long through a Target that a Pistol Bullet could not pierce their Bows are of tough Hazel and their strings of Leather their Arrows of Cane or Hazel headed with Stones or Horn and Feathered artificially they soon grow heartless if they find their Arrows do no Execution they speak of Men among them of above two hundred years of Age. Though the Planting of this Country by the English was designed by divers yet it lay much neglected till a small Company of Planters under the Command of Captain George Popham and Captain Gilbert were sent over at the charge of Sir John Popham in 1606 to begin a Colony upon a tract of Land about Saga de hoch the most Northerly part of New-England but that design within two years expiring with its first Founder soon after some Honourable Persons of the West of England commonly called the Council of Plymouth being more certainly informed of several Navigable Rivers and commodious Havens with other places fit either for Traffick or Planting newly discovered by many skilful Navigators obtained of King James the First a Patent under the Great Seal of all that part of North-America called new-New-England from Forty to Forty eight Degrees of North Latitude This vast Tract of Land was in 1612. cantoned and divided by Grants into many lesser parcels according as Adventurers presented which Grants being founded upon uncertain and false Descriptions and Reports of some that Travelled thither did much interfere one upon another to the great disturbance of the first Planters so that little Profit was reaped from thence nor was any greater Improvement made of those Grand Portions of Land save the erecting some few Cottages for Fishermen and a few inconsiderable Buildings for the Planters yea for want of good conduct they were by degrees in a manner quite destitute of Laws and Government and left to shift for themselves This was the beginning of New-England when in the year 1610. One Mr. Robinson a Presbyterian or rather Independent Preacher and several other English then at Leyden in Holland though they had been courteously entertained by the Dutch as Strangers yet foreseeing many inconveniences might happen and that they could not so well provide for the good of their Posterity under the Government of a Foreign Nation they resolved to intreat so much favour from their own Sovereign Prince
King James as to grant them liberty under the shelter of his Royal Authority to place themselves in some part of new-New-England having therefore obtained some kind of Patent or Grant for some place about Hudsons River they set Sail from Plymouth in September for the Southern parts of New-England but as they intended their course thitherward they were through many dangers at last about November 11 cast upon a bosom of the South Cape of the Massachusets Bay called Cape Cod. When Winter approached so fast that they had no opportunity to remove and finding some Incouragement from the hopefulness of the Soil and courtesie of the Heathen they resolved there to make their aboad laying the Foundation of a new Colony which from the last Town they Sailed from in England they named New Plymouth containing no considerable Tract of Land scarce extending an hundred Miles in length through the whole Cape and not half so much in breadth where broadest From this time to the year 1636. things were very prosperously successfully carried on in New-England which was much increased in Buildings and Inhabitants at which time the Naraganset Indians who are the most warlike and Feirce and much dreaded by all the rest committed many barbarous outrages upon some of them and likewise upon the English and Dutch as they came occasionally to trade with them barbarously murdering Captain Stone Captain Oldham and others whereupon the Inhabitants of all the Colonies unanimously falling upon them in 1637. they were easily suppressed about 700 of them being destroyed and the rest cut off by their Neighbour Indians Upon which Miantonimoh the Cheif of the Mogehins expecting to be Sole Lord and Ruler over all the Indians committed many Insolencies upon some others who were in confederacy with the English as well as himself and he being sent for to the Massacusets Court at Boston endevoured to clear himself but was clearly convicted by one of his Fellows named Vncas in revenge of which after his return home he made War upon Vncas by whom being taken Prisoner by the advice and Counsel of the English he cut off his head it being justly feared no firm Peace could be concluded while he was alive This happened in 1643. from whence to 1675. there was always an appearance of Amity and good correspondence on all sides only in 1671. one Matoonas being vexed that an intended design against the English did not take effect out of meer malice against them slew an Englishman on the Road This murtherer was a Nipnet Indian and under the command of the Sachem of Mount Hope the Author of all the mischiefs against the English in 1675. Upon a due inquiry therefore of all the Transactions between the Indians and English from their first setling on these Coasts there will appear no Ground of quarrel or provocation given by the English For when Plymouth Colony was first planted in 1620. within three months after Massasoit the chief Sachem or Commander of all that side of the Country repaired thither to the English and entred Solemnly into a League upon the following Articles 1 That neither he nor any of his should injureor do hurt to any of their People 2. If any of his hurt the English he should send them the Offender to punish 3. If any thing should be taken away by his he should see it restored and the English to do the like to them 4. If any made War unjustly against him they were to aid him and he likewise them 5. that he should certify his Neighbour Confederates hereof that they might be likewise comprized in the Peace 6. That when his men should come to the English they should leave their Arms behind Which were then Bows and Arrows and were then their only weapons though now they have learned the use of Guns and Swords as well as the hristians This League the same Sachem confirmed a little before his death in 1630. coming with his 2 Sons Alexander and Philip to Plymouth and renewing the same for himself his Heirs and successors Yet it is apparent this Massasoit never loved the English and would have ingaged them never to have attempted to draw away any of his People from their old Pagan superstition and devilish Idolatry to the Christian Religion but finding they would make no Treaty with him upon such conditions he urged it no further But this was a bad Omen that whatever kindness he pretended to the English yet he hated them for being Christians which strain was more apparent in his Son that succeeded him and all his People insomuch that some discerning Persons of that Jurisdiction were afraid that that part of the Indians would be all rooted out as it is since come to pass Neither was Passaconaway the great Sagamore or Sachim of Merimack River insensible of the fatal consequence of opposing the English for a Person of Quality relates that being invited by some Sachims to a great Dance in 1660. Passaconaway intending at that time to make his last and farewel Speech to his Children and People that were then all gathered together he addressed himself to them in this manner I am now going the way of all flesh or ready to die and not likely to see you ever met together any more I will now leave this word of Counsel with you that you take heed how you quarrel with the English for though you may do them much mischief yet assuredly you will all be destroyed and rooted off the Earth it you do For I was as much an Enemy to them as their first coming into these parts as any one whatsoever and tryed all ways and Means possible to have destroyed them at least to have prevented them sitting down here but could no way effect it therefore I advise you never to contend with the English nor make War with them And accordingly his eldest Son as soon as he perceived the Indians were up in Arms with drew himself into some remote place that he might not be hurt either by the English or Indians It is observable that this Passaconoway was the most noted Pawaw and Sorcerer of all the Country and might therefore like Balaam at that time utter this from some divine Illumination But to proceed after this digression after the death of Massasoit his eldest Son Alexander succeeded about twenty years since who notwithstanding the League he had entred into with the English with his Father in 1639. had no affection to them nor their Religion but was plotting to rise against them whereupon a stout Gentleman was sent to bring him before the Council of Plymouth who found him and eighty more in an Hunting-house where they were just come in from Hunting leaving all their Guns without Doors which being seized by the English they then entred the Wigwam and demanded Alexander to go along with them before the Governour at which Message he was much appalled but being told that if he stirred or refused to go he was a dead Man he
which they hide a Mile asunder when the Indians hunt him which is commonly in Winter they run him down sometimes in half a day otherwhile a whole day but never give over till he is tired the Snow being usually four Foot deep and the Beast very heavy he sinks every stâ—p and as he runs breaks down the Trees in his way with his Horns as big as a Mans Thigh at last they get up and pierce him with their Lances upon which the poor Creature groans and walks on heavily till at length he sinks and falls like a ruined Building making the Earth shake becoming a Sacrifice to the Victors who cut him up and making a Fire near the place they there Boil and eat their Venison fetching their drink from the next Spring being unacquainted with any other till the French and English taught them the use of that cursed Liquor called Rum Rumbullion or Kill-devil stronger than Spirit of Wine drawn from the dross of Sugar and Sugar Canes which they love dearer than their lives wherewith if they had it they would be perpetually drunk though it hath killed many of them especially old Women Their Wars are with their Neighbouring Tribes but the Mowhawks especially who are Enemies to all other Indians their Weapons were Bows and Arrows but of late he is a poor Indian that is not Master of two Guns which they purchase of the French with Powder and Shot the Victors Flea the Skin off the Skull of the Principal slain Enemies which they carry away in Triumph their Prisoners they bring home the old Men and Women they knock on the Head the young Women they keep and the Men of War they Torture to death as the Eastern Indians did two Mowhawks whilst I was there they bind him to a Tree and make a great Fire before him then with sharp Knives they cut off his Fingers and Toes then clap upon them hot Embers to sear the Veins thus they cut him to pieces joint after joint still applying Fire for stanching the Blood making the poor Wretch Sing all the while when Armes and Legs are gone they Flea the Skin off their Heads and presently apply thereto a Cap of burning Coals then they open his Breast and take out his Heart which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their old Squa's or Women who are every one to have a bit of it These Barbarous Customs they used more frequently before the English came but since there are endeavours to Convert them to Christianity by Mr. Eliot and his Son who Preach to them in their own Language into which they have likewise Translated the Bible these go Clothed like the English live in framed Houses have Stocks of Corn and Cattel about them which when Fat they bring to Market some of their Sons have been brought up Schollers in Harward Colledge New-England is seated in the midst of the Temperate Zone yet is the Clime more uncertain as to heat and cold than those European Kingdoms which are in the same Latitude The Air is cleer healthful and Agreeable to the English well watered with Rivers having variety of Beasts both tame and wild with several sorts of Trees and excellent Fruits the Commodities it yeildeth are rich Furs Flax Linnen Amber Iron Pitch Tarr Cables Masts and Timber to build Ships with several sorts of Grain wherewith they drive a considerable Trade to Barbado's and other English Plantations in America supplying them with Flower Bisket Salt Flesh and Fish and in return bring Sugars and other Goods To England they trade for Stuffs Silks Cloath Iron Brass and other Utensils for their Houses The weights and measures are the same with England The English posesss many potent Colonies being very numerous and powerful and are governed by Laws of their own making having several Courts of Judicature where they meet once a mouth so they be not repugnant to the Laws of England every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn General Court The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the hands of the Independents or Presbyterians The Military part of their Government is by one Major General and three Serjeant Majors to whom belong the four Countys of Suffolk Middlesex Essex and Norfolk They have several fine Towns whereof Boston is the Metropolis likewise Dorchester Cambridg beautified with two Colledges and many well built Houses Reading Salem Berwick Braintree Bristoll Concorde Dartmouth Dedham Dover Exeter Falmouth Glocester Greensharbour Hampton Harford Haverhill Weymouth Yarmouth New Haven Oxford Salisbury Taunton Southampton Newbury Springfield Sudbury Ipswich Liâ— Hull Sandwich Malden Norwich Roxbury Sandwich Wenham Rowley Hingham and others most of them having the names of some Towns in England The present Governor for his Majesty of England is Henry Cranfield Esquire CHAP. V. A prospect of New York with the Scituation Plantation and Product thereof New York so called from our present gracious Sovereign when Duke of York formerly namelâ— New-Netherlands being part of that New-England which the Dutch one possessed it was first discovered by Mr Hudson and sold presently by him to the Dutch withouâ— Authority from his Sovereign the King of England in 1608. The Hollanders in 1614. began to plant there and called it New-Netherlands but Sir Samuel Argall Governor of Virginia routed them after which they goâ— leave of King James to put in there for fresh water in their passage to Brasile and did not offer to plant till a good while after the English were setled in the Country In 1664. his late Majesty King Charles the Second sent over four Commissioners to reduce the Colonies into bounds that had before incroached upon each other who marching with 300 Redcoats to Manhadees or Manhataes took from the Dutch their cheif Town then called New-Amsterdam now New-York and Aug. 29. turned out their Governor with a Silver Leg and all the rest but those who acknowledged subjection to the King of England suffering them to enjoy their Houses and Estates as before thirteen daies after Sir Robert Car took the Fort and Town of Aurania now called Albany and twelve daies after that the Fort and Town of Arosapha then Dela-ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds So that now the English are Masters of three handsome Towns three strong Forts and a Castle without the loss of one man the first Governor of these parts for the King of England was Colonel Nichols one of the Commissioners This Country is blessed with the richest soyl in all New-England I have heard it reported from men of Judgment saies my Author that one Bushel of European wheat hath yeilded an hundred in one year The Town of New-York is well seated both for Trade security and pleasure in a small Isle called Manahatan at the mouth of the great River Mohegan which is very commodious for Shipping and about two Leagues broad the Town is large built with Dutch Brick alla Moderna consisting of above 500 fair Houses the meanest not
shall have our full Power in the Premises As for Passage to this Province Ships are going hence the whole Year about as well in Winter as Summer Sandy-hook-Bay being never frozen The usual price is 5 l. per Head as well Master as Servant who are above 10 years of Age all under 10 years and not Children at the Breast pay 50 s. Sucking Children pay nothing Carriage of Goods is usually 40 s. per Ton and sometimes less as we can Agree The cheapest and chiefest time of the year for Passage is from Midsummer till the later end of September when many Virginia and Mary-land Ships are going out of England into those Parts and such who take then their Voyage arrive usually in good time to Plant Corn sufficient for next Summer The Goods to be carried there are first for peoples own use all sorts of Apparel and Houshold-stuff and also Vtensils for Husbandry and Building and 2dly Linen and Wollen Cloths and S uffs fitting for Apparel c. which are fit for Merchandize and Truck there in the Country and that to good Advantage for the Importer Lastly Although this Country by reason of its being already considerably inhabited may afford many conveniencies to Strangers of which unpeopled Countries are destitute as Lodging Victualling c. Yet all persons inclining unto those Parts must know that in their Settlement there they will find they must have their Winter as well as Summer They must Labour before they Reap And till their Plantations be cleared in Summer time they must expect as in all those Countries the Muscato Flyes Gnats and such like may in Hot and Fair Weather give them some disturbance where People provide not against them Which as Land is cleared are less troublesome The South and South West part of New-Jersey lying on the Sea and Dela ware River is called West Jersey of which Mr. Edward Billing is now Proprietor It hath all the Conveniencies and Excellencies of the other part aforementioned and may be made one of the best Colonies in America for the Scituation Air and Soil The Ports Creeks good Harbours and Havens being not inferior to any in that part of the World having no less than 30 Navigable Creeks ranging themselves at a Convenient distance upon the Sea and that stately River of Dela Ware the Shoars whereof are generally very deep and bold The English that are setled here buy the Lands of the Natives and give them real satisfaction for the same whereby they are assured of their love and Friendship for ever and the poor creatures are never the worse but much better as themselves confess being now supplyed by way of Trade with all they want or stand in need of hunting and fishing as they did before except in inclosed or planted ground bringing home to the English Seven or Eight fat Bucks in a day There is a Town called Burlington which will quickly be a place of great Trade their Orchards are so loaden with Fruit that the very Branches have been torn away with the weight thereof it is delightful to the Eye and most delicious to the Tast Peaches in such plenty that they bring them home in Carts they are very delicate Fruit and hang almost like our Onions tyed upon Ropes They receive 40 Bushels of good English Wheat for one Bushel sown Cherries they have in abundance and Fowl and Fish great plenty with several that are unknown in England There are likewise Bears Wolves Foxes Rattle Snakes and several other Creatures as I imagin saith my Author because the Indians bring such Skins to sell but I have travelled several hundreds of Miles to and fro yet never to my knowledge saw one of them except 2 Rattle-Snakes and I killed them both so that the fear of them iâ— more than the hurt neither are we troubled with the Muskato Fly in this place our Land lying generally high and Healthy and they being commonly in boggy ground with common and reasonable care there may in a few years be Horses Beef Pork Flouer Bisket and Pease to spare Yea this Country wjll produce Honey Wax Silk Hemp Flax Hops Woad Rapeseed Madder Potashes Anniseed and Salt Hides raw or tanned and there is a very large vast Creature called a Moose of whose Skins are made excellent Buff besides the natural product of Pitch Tar Rosin Turpentime c. As for furs there are Beaver black Fox and Otter with divers other sorts The Tobacco is excellent upon the River Dela Ware There may be very good fishing for Cod and Cusk as several have found by experience who have caught great plenty of well-grown Fish upon the whole matter this Province affords all that is either for the necessity conveniency Profit or Pleasure of humane life and it may therefore be reasonably expected that this Country with the rest of America may in a few Ages be throughly peopled with Christians I shall conclude with the Prophecy of the pious learned and Honourable Mr. George Herbert Oratour to the University of Cambridge written many years since Religion stands on Tiptoe in our Land Ready to pass to the American Strand When height of Malice and Prodigious Lusts Impudent Sinning Witchcraft and Distrusts The Mark of future Bane shall fill our Cup Vnto the Brim and make our meâ—sure up When Sein shall swallow Tyber and the Thames By letting in them both pollutes her Streams When Italy of us shall have her will And all her Kalender of sins fulfil Whereby one may foretel what sins next year Shall both in France and England domineer Then shall Religion to America flee They have their time of Gospel even as we CHAP. VII A Prospect of Pensylvania with the Scituation Product and Conveniencies thereof IT is the Jus Gentium or Law of Nations that whatever wast or unculted Country is the Discovery of any Prince it is the Right of that Prince who was at the charge of that Discovery Now this Province is a Member of that part of America which the King of Englands Ancestors have been at the charge of discoveing and which they and he have taken care to preserve and improve And his late Majesty of happy memory upon the Petition of William Penn Esq wherein he set forth his Fathers Services his own Sufferings and his Losses in relation to his Fathers Estate and lastly his long and costly attendance without success was pleased in right and consideration thereof to make a Grant to the sai'd William Penn of all that Tract of Land in America which is exprest in the following Declaration to the Inhabitants and Planters of the Province of Pensylvania CHARLES R. VVHereas His Majesty in consideration of the great merit and faithful services of Sir William Penn deceased and for divers other good Causes Him thereunto moving hath been graciously pleased by Letters Patents bearing Date the Fourth day of March last past to Give and Grant unto William Penn Esquire Son and Heir of the Sir William Penn all that
of a Mile about foâ— in a rank in two Companies using several Antick Tricks the King leading the dance all in the midst had black Horns on their Heads and Green Boughs in their Hands next whom were four or five Principal Men differently painted who with Clubs beat those forward that tired in the Dance which held so long that they were neither able to go nor stand they made a hellish noise and every one throwing away his Bough ran clapping their Hands up into a Tree and tearing down a Branch fell into their Order again After this fifteen of their properest Boys between ten and fifteen years old painted white were brought forth to the People who spent the Forenoon in dancing and finging about them with rattles Then the Children were fetched away the Women weeping and passionately crying out providing Moss Skins Matts and dry Wood making Wreaths for their Heads and decking their Hair with Leaves after which they were all cast on an heap in a Valley as dead where a great Feast was made for all the Company for two Hours they then fell again into a Circle and danced about the Youths causing a Fire to be made upon an Altar which our Men thought was designed to Sacrifice them to the Devil but it was a mistake and the Indians deluded our Men by false Stories one denying and another affirming the same thing being either ignorant or unwilling to discover the devilish Mysteries of their Religion but Captain Smith says that a King being demanded the meaning of this Sacrifice answered that the Children were not all dead but that Okee or the Devil did suck the Blood from their left Breast till some of them died but the rest were kept in the Wilderness till nine Moons were expired during which they must not converse with any and of these were made Priests and Conjurers They think these Sacrifices so necessary that if omitted they believe their Okee or Devil and their other Gods would hinder them from having any Deer Turkies Corn or Fish and would likewise make a great Slaughter among them They imagin their Priests after death go beyond the Mountains toward the Sun-setting and remain there continually in the shape of their Okee having their Heads painted with Oil and finely trimmed with Feathers being furnished with Beads Hatchets Copper and Tobacco never ceasing to dance and sing with their Predecessors yet they suppose the Common People shall dye like Beasts and never live after death some of their Priests were so far convinced that they declared they believed our God exceeded theirs as much as our Guns did their Bows and Arrows and sent many Presents to the President intreating him to pray to his God for Rain for their God would not send them any By break of day before they eat or drink the Men Women and Children above ten years old run into the Water and there wash a good space till the Sun arise then they offer Sacrifice to it strewing Tobacco on the Land and Water repeating the same Ceremonies at Sun set George Casson aforementioned was Sacrificed as they thought to the Devil being stript naked and bound to two Stakes with his back against a great Fire after which they ript up his Belly and burnt his Bowels drying his Flesh to the Bones which they kept above ground in a by Room many other Englishmen were cruelly and treacherously Executed by them though perhaps not Sacrificed and none had escaped if their Ambushes had succeeded Powhatan invited one Captain Ratcliff and thirty others to Trade for Corn and having brought them within his Ambush Murdered them all One Tomocomo an Indian and Counsellor to one of their Kings came into England in the Reign of King James the first who landing in the West was much surprized at our plenty of Corn and Trees imagining we ventured into their Countrey to supply those defects he began then to number the Men he met with but his Arithmetick soon failed him he related that Okee their God did often appear to him in his Temple to which purpose four of their Priests go into the House and using certain strange words and gestures eight more are called in to whom he discovers what his will is upon him they depend in all their Proceedings as in taking Journeys or the like sometimes when they resolve to go on hunting he by some known token will direct where they shall find Game which they with great cheerfulness acknowledging follow his directions and many times succeed therein he appears like a handsom Indian with long black Locks of Hair after he hath staid with his twelve Confederates for some time he ascendeth into the Air from whence he came The Natives think it a disgrace to fear death and therefore when they must dye they do it resolutely as it happened to one who robbed an Englishman and was by Powhatan vpon complaint made against him fetched sixty Miles from the place where he lay concealed and by this Tomocomo Executed in the presence of the English his Brains being knockt out without the least shew of fear or terrour The Virginians are not born so swarthy as they appear their hair is generally black few men have beards because they pluck out the hair that would grow their Ointments and smoaky houses do in a great measure cause their blackness whereby they look like Bacon they have one wife many Concubines and are likewise Sodomites The Ancient Women are used for Cooks Barbers and other services the younger for dalliance they are modest in their carriage and seldom quarrel in entertaining a stranger they spread a Matt for him to sit down and then dance before him they wear their nails long to flea their Deer and put Bows and Arrows into the Hands of their Children before they are six years old In each Ear they have generally three great holes wherein they commonly hang chains bracelets or Copper some wear a Snake therein coloured green and yellow near half a yard long which crawling about their necks offers to kiss their lips others have a dead Rat tyed by the Tail The Women raze their bodies legs and thighs with an Iron in curious knots and Shapes of Fowles Fishes Beasts and Rub a painting therein which will never come out The Queen of Apametica was attired with a Coronet beset with many white Bones with Copper in her ears and a Chain of the same six times incompassing her neck The Sasquehanocks are Giant-like people very monstrous in proportion behaviour and attire their voice sounds as if out of a Cave their Garments are Bears-Skins hanged with Bears Paws a Wolfes head and such odd Jewels their Tobacco Pipes three quarters of a yard long with the head of some beast at the end so weighty as to beat out the brains of a Horse The calf of one of their legs was measured three quarters of a yard about their other limbs being proportionable They have divers ridiculous conceits concerning their Original as
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