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england_n	king_n	put_v	scotland_n	2,903	5	8.5031	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A88100	A discourse concerning Puritans. A vindication of those, who uniustly suffer by the mistake, abuse, and misapplication of that name. A tract necessary and usefull for these times.	Ley, John, 1583-1662, attributed name.; Parker, Henry, 1604-1652, attributed name.	1641 (1641)	Wing L1875; Thomason E204_3; ESTC R15236	40,576	60

we see who Puritans are all such as hold not with Episcopacy that is in probability halfe Ireland more then halfe England all Scotland and many other Protestant Countries King James did put a difference betwixt such as disrelisht Bishops and Ceremonies meerly and such as under that pretext fraudulently sought to perturbe the State and make a factious separation But here the difference of all Puritans is graduall only not substantiall for dislike of Bishops is the beginning of all Heresie and must needs end in Anabaptisme and rebellion How plainly does it here appeare that Episcopacy is the true Helena of all this warre and yet Saint Cyprian is to be understood of the Pastorall function not of the Ecclesiasticall jurisdiction of a Bishop or else in his sense the Genevans and the greatest part of Protestants are Heretiques and King James made a frivolous distinction Such stuffe as this had not mis-beseemed a Papist but it s very odde in a Protestant Bishop except wee consider him as one who hath looke back towards the Onions and Flesh-pots of Aegypt and is inamor'd again upon those glorious titles ensignes of Honour and Pompe which Rome confers upon her Courtiers But to conclude this point I wish Princes would not allow such Bishops to be carvers to themselves and make them Judges in cases of their owne interesse they are surely good spectacles for Princes in Theologicall deliberations as Temporall Counsellors are in State affaires but miserable are those Princes whose eyes cannot see without such spectacles If Religion did not prosper worse if peace were not more violated if persecution were not more common in Countries wher Bishops govern than where they are expelled we might suspect the Scots as Hereticall and Rebellious by nature for chusing all the plagues of warre rather then Bishops but when we see the contrary we may aswell listen to the Scots against Bishops as to Bishops against the Scots So much of the Ecclesiasticall Puritan next after whom sprung up the Puritan in Religion of whom I shall speak very briefly There are many men amongst us now which brooke Bishops and Ceremonies well enough and perhaps favourably interpret our late innovations and yet these may be too grave to escape the name of Puritans To be a Protestant may be allowed but to dispute against Papists smels of preciseness to hold the Pope fallible is tolerated but to hold him Antichrist is abominable Puritanisme to goe to Church is fashionable but to complaine of the Masse or to be grieved at the publick countenance of Popery whereby it intwines our Religion and now drinkes up that Sap which is scarce afforded to Protestantisme or at all to take notice how far some of our Divines are hereat conniving if not cooperating is a sumptome of a deepe infected Puritan He that is not moderate in Religion is a Puritan and hee that is not a Cassandrian or of Father Francis Syncters faith is not moderate he savours too much of Calvins grosse learning exploded now by our finest wits But I passe from this kinde of Puritan to another whom I shall call my Politicall Puritan for the bounds of Puritanisme are yet larger and inclose men of other conditions Some there are yet which perhaps disfavour not at all either Ecclesiasticall Policy or moderate Papists and yet neverthelesse this is not sufficient to acquit them from the name of Puritans if they ascribe any thing to the Lawes and Liberties of this Realme or hold the Prerogative royall to be limitable by any Law whatsoever If they hold not against Parliaments and with Ship-money they are injurious to Kings and to be injurious to Kings is proprium quarto modo to a Puritan Our present civill nay more then civill warre with Scotland and all the mischiefes thereon attending the disaffection betweene the King and his Subjects and all the mischiefes thereon attending the discontinuance of Parliaments the proper remedies of all State-maladies and universall grievances which is a mischiefe whereby all mischiefes become incurable all are caused by the abusive mistake and injurious misapplication of this word Puritan The Scots are Puritans and therefore enemies to Monarchy the English are Puritans and therefore haters of Royall prerogative both the Nations have beene hitherto famous for their devout reverence and obsequious zeale to their Princes but now Puritanisme has infected them and perverted them to disloyalty Thus is the Kings heart alienated from his Subjects and by consequence the Subjects loyalty blunted towards him to the incomparable almost irreparable detriment of both neither is this disaccord betweene the King and his best Subjects more fatall and pernicious to the Common-wealth then his accord with the Recusant faction Papists have now gotten the repute of the best Subjects and fittest for trust in places of eminent service nay 't is almost necessary that forraine Papists be brought in for the supporting of the indangered royalty for though the Popish faction at Court be strong and active enough for matter of Counsell yet for matter of force the Puritans in City and Countrey be too predominant The Bishop of Downe in his visitation speech layes all the calamities of Church and Common-wealth upon Non-conformists and for proofe thereof instances in the Covenanters whom he charges of rebellion charging withall that rebellion upon Puritanisme The first thing saies he that made me out of love with that Religion was their injurious dealing with Kings which I observed both in their practice and doctrine He taxes first their doctrine because they deny the Kings supremacy in causes Ecclesiasticall and allow Subjects to resist nay and depose their King if he be a Tyrant Surely Ahab could say little for himselfe if he could not lay his owne crimes upon Elijah but see here by what art of confusion all Scots are called Puritans and all Puritans rebels King James spoke not so confusedly as if Puritanisme were a Religion and all that disliked Bishops and Ceremonies were of that Religion and all of that Religion were enemies to Kings If a Bishop needed any proofe if his {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} were not unquestionable I would desire him to prove all Covenanters Puritans and all Puritans denyers of the Kings supremacy or to instance in any Kings which have beene deposed or murdred by Presbyteriall authority How far Bishops have incroached upon Kings is known to al the world our Protestant Bishops lately have by Oath and Canon combined together to bind the Kings hands though hee be Supreme that he shall not governe our Church but by Arch-bishops Bishops Arch-deacons c. and yet these troublers of Israel have the face to taxe Elijah of their owne sin Presbytery indeed has heretofore passed her bounds yet not of late but Episcopacy has ever from Constantine claimed an independence of Divine right till this instant I conceive there are not in all the Kings Dominions three men except Papists and Anabaptists which hold it lawfull to depose or

by any force to violate the persons of Kings how ill soever The Scotch Divines indeed maintaine that a great body of men may defend themselves against the unjust Sword of misled Kings because they cannot flye or otherwise save themselves and this they take now to be their owne case whereas our Court Divines in England hold that in such case wee ought all to yeeld our throats without defence This seemes unnaturall and truth was never unnaturall but I forbeare to dispute a point so horrid to mans imagination The Bishop next instances in the rebellious practices of Puritans and reckons up some facts in Scotland appointed by the Presbytery without King James his privity and some other seditious Sermons and actions whereby he was much annoyed But what did not King James know his owne enemies or how to blame them did he condemne all Scots alike or all Bishophaters alike or joyne the English in like condemnation we know well enough that King James called rebellious precisians Puritans but he never called all Puritans rebellious precisians He never used those termes as convertible but declared his contrary meaning by a manifest difference taken betweene them But the Bishops maine instance is in the present Scotch insurrection this he cals a rebellion of Puritans and far greater then the Powder-treason For sayes he that plot was but the act of a few discontented Gentlemen but in this rebellion of the Puritans they have ingaged a great part of the Kingdome so that this may bee said to be the common sin of that sect. What could have beene raked out of Hell more slanderous to our Religion more Apologeticall for Popery The Powder-Traytors are here prefer'd before the whole sect of Puritans The sinne of the Power-Traytors was that they being but an inconsiderable party sought the destruction of their King and his issue and the flower of the Nobility Gentry Commonalty and the extirpation of the true Religion by a most diabolicall bloudy practice and conspiracy And it ought not to be charged upon the meere actors as a symptome of discontent onely we know how farre the Romish Religion it selfe favours and gives ground to such damned feats and how farre it has owned some having proved prosperous and justified the doing thereof in nature as impious though perhaps in degree not so hainous as this For take this as it was conspired and questionlesse since the crucifying of Jesus Christ the light never discovered any treason more ugly and horrible Now to outmatch this deed of darknesse the Scotch Nation by a strange generall unanimity have armed themselves to oppose the ill government of Bishops and other alterations in the service of God and the administration of justice and being invaded therefore by another Nation have used force to defend their lives and seeing that defence not safe in their owne Countrey they have since pursued it further by way of prevention in the Countrey of their Invaders That is the greatest act of rebellion whereby the common peace and safety of a Kingdome is most disturbed and impeached but by the common act of a whole Kingdome that mischiefe cannot be effected therefore the Bishop failes in his politiques when he thinks that the Major part disturbing the Minor is more trayterous than the contrary The unanimous act of a whole Kingdome ought to be presumed to be lesse injurious and more wise then the act of any small inconsiderable party for it hath scarce ever beene seene that a whole Kingdome or the majority thereof hath over been treasonable to its selfe in procuring its owne ruine Many States have perisht by the machinations of a few ill affected ill advised Counsellors scarce ever any perisht otherwise but the totall body and collection has never been guilty of its owne ruine and if it were such Treason could not be so great as that which is plotted by a few Whilst the Scots contained themselves within their owne territories and were considered as a kingdome within themselves as they were when the Bishop past his censure they were not rightly so censured neither was he then privy to their intrusions that they would infest our kingdome with the same combustion and so prove a disturbance to the greater part of our British Monarchy whereof they themselves are but a member of lesse bulke and value Cursed therefore are those uncharitable exasperating censures whereby the King is too far incensed and by whose rash instigations the commotions themselves become the harder to be appeased Great insurrections are like great fires wherein delay is mischievous and small remedies rather turne to fuell then extinguish and violent counsell against an inraged multitude is like oyle or pitch cast into the flame The wise politician proportions his remedy according to the mischiefe if water will not prevaile he useth milke if a little quantity will not suffice he powres as the combustion it selfe requires Unfortunate Rehoboam stands as a Seamarke to warne all Princes how to shun this rocke of violent counsell against a people violently inraged and aggrieved Some men have interpreted the designes of the Scots to have beene treasonable from the beginning and wholly bent upon the spoyle and havocke of the English Nation from their first stirring Others have wholly justified their intentions and proceedings hitherto as defensive onely and inforced by necessity both these I conceive are too rash and head-long in their guesses In so great a body of men there must needs be variety of opinions and its likely contrariety of affections and therefore it behooves the King to be the more tender moderate and circumspect in his deliberations as wel for the one side as the other especially since the Scots have not evidently and universally as yet declared themselves for the worse We may at once be charitable in hoping the best and wise withall in preventing the worst nay a charitable and sweet demeanor if it be not too fond may prove a great part of our prevention doubtlesse Rehoboam himselfe had hee not beene wilfully devoted to young rash and violent Counsellors might have easily retained within his obedience many of his well-meaning Subjects and reclaymed others of more moderation and by that meanes have divided and dissipated the most obstinate head-strong and furious of all the rebellious party Some Princes thinke themselves bound in Honour to doe unwise things and this was the errour of Rehoboam his aged Counsellours advised him to that which was most politick concluding that to be most honourable but his Genius rather led him according to the advise of his young Gallants to conclude that most politick which to his haughty stomack seemed most honourable but what was the event to avoid the scorne of young men he incurred the scorne of old men to avoid the unjust censure of fooles he incurred the just censure of wise men to gaine the honour of appearing stout he purchased the dishonour of being rash to shew a contempt of danger he made himself a prey to

a little farther search into the mysterious abuse and misapplication of this word Puritan Those whom we ordinarily call Puritans are men of strict life and precise opinions which cannot be hated for any thing but their singularity in zeale and piety and certainly the number of such men is too small and their condition too low and dejected but they which are the Devils chiefe Artificers in abusing this word when they please can so stretch and extend the same that scarce any civill honest Protestant which is hearty and true to his Religion can avoid the aspersion of it and when they list againe they can so shrink it into a narrow sense that it shall seem to be aimed at none but monstrous abominable Heretickes and Miscreants Thus by its latitude it strikes generally by its contraction it pierces deeply by its confused application it deceives invisibly Small scruples first intitle mee to the name of Puritan and then the Name of Puritan intitles me further to all mischiefe whatsoever The Scots rise up against Episcopacie it is questioned by some whether they so rise up for the good of Religion or for the overthrow of wholsome Discipline Answer is soone made that Episcopacie cannot be unpleasing to any but Puritans there is no opinion can smell sharper of Puritanisme then that of a Church parity and of Puritans what good can be expected but the Scots also desire redresse in other grievances and here their intention is againe question'd Answer is as soone made again That the Scots being declared open Puritans they must needs be enemies to Monarchicall government and that no redresse can ever satisfie them but such as shall debase royall dignity and establish a popular rule amongst them But some of the Scots in some actions doe very much misdemeane themselves and here it 's thought by some that this ought not to redound to the prejudice or blame of the whole Nation but strait the Antipuritan steps in againe with answer to the former purpose that the same faction which makes them all Puritans makes them all mutiners and that there is no trust to be given nor favour shewed to any whose very religion is disobedience Other the like examples may be instanced in Parliaments of late in England have beene jealous of religion this laudable zeale made them at first come into contempt as Puritanical and then the imputation of Puritanisme made this laudable zeale contemptible and so by degrees as any thing else might be charged upon Puritans as disobedience and disaffection to Monarchy so nothing could bee charged but proceeding from Puritanisme Some scrupulous opinions make Say Brooks Puritans Puritanisme inferres them mutineers mutinie makes all that they can doe or say all that they forbeare to doe or say it makes their very thoughts wicked and perverse Thus wee see what a confused imposture there is in this infamous terme of Puritan but we will yet further evidence by plaine instance how broad the devils net is in the vast application of this word and how deepe his pit is by its abominable sense and the nature of its importance that we may the better discover that net which intangles so many shun that pit which ingulphs so sure Puritans as I said before were at first Ecclesiasticall only so called because they did not like a pompous or ceremoneous kinde of discipline in the Church like unto the Romish but now it is come about that by a new enlargement of the name the world is full of nothing else but Puritans for besides the Puritan in Church policie there are now added Puritans in religion Puritans in State and Puritans in morality By this meanes whole Kingdoms are familiarly upbrayded with this sinne of Puritanisme As for example All in Scotland which wish well to the Covenant though some Papists some Courtiers and almost all the whole body without exception have now declared themselves for it yet all these are manifest Puritans So also in England all the Commons in Parliament and almost all the ancient impartiall temporall Nobility and all such as favour or rellish the late proceedings of both the houses which is the mayne body of the Realme Papists Prelates and Courtiers excepted nay and its likely all Scotland and more then halfe Ireland all these are Puritans They which deprave this great Councell of the Kingdome suggest to the K. that the major part is gull'd and dorde by the Puritan party but this is only because they are ashamed to speake it out openly in grosse termes that all the major and better part in the Court of Parliament is Puritanicall But this suggestion is utterly false and impossible for such as the major part in Parliament is such are those that chose them and sent them thither and such are those that now approve their actions there and both in the elections of Parliament men and in the consultations of Parliament affaires the Kings party is as wise cautious and vigilant if not more as the other party and no subtilty could circumvent or cheat them out of their votes if the Puritans were so small and inconsiderable a side as now they make them No man of what capacity so ever can admit this it is to all undeniable that the blame of a parliament is the blame of the whole Kingdome But I returne to my Ecclesiasticall puritan Though it be true that Ecclesiasticall puritans are fewes now then heretofore they have been yet it is as true that Ecclesiasticall puritanisme is made a larger thing by farre then it was being now spread abroad like a net to ensnare the more as our many late additions and innovations testifie which have crept into the Church as may be scared for the vexation and molestation of such men as were not disquieted with former ceremonies It is generally suspected that our prelates have aymed at two things in the novelties which they have lately induced into the Church first the suppression of those which are enemies to their pride avarice and ambition by them termed puritans secondly their owne further case promotion and advantage Both these ends seeme to be leveld at in sanctifying the Altar and unsanctifying the Lords day in advancing auricular confession and corporall penances by externall mortifications and crying downe lecturing and preaching for if we marke it these new Doctrines doe not only serve to terrifie and scandalize tender consciences and thereby to deprive and silence many painfull good Ministers and to scare away into forreigne Plantations whole troups of Laymen and to enwrap the rest in opposition but each of these doctrines besides hath a further reach in it of benefit to the Clergie The Communion Table hath lately gained a new Name a new Nature a new Posture a new Worship that Emperours and Kings may be brought again to take notice how far the persous and offices of Priests excell in sanctity the persons and offices of Princes Theodosius within one hundred yeares after Prelacie began to arrogate to

it selfe was presently taught this lesson for taking his seat in the Chancell according to the Easterne and ancient fashion a Deacon was sent to him in great state to let him understand that none but men in holy Orders might presume to set their feet on that sacred ground This was then the Bishops Law not the Emperours nor knowne in any other of his Dominions but Italy only but sure it was fit discretion that much should bee ascribed by Bishops to that place from which they were to derive much and which wonld be sure to repay their homage with so great an advantage of homage back againe Preaching is now also grown too burthensome and the Lords Day to Priests according to that sanctity which Puritans allow it it requires too much praying preaching singing which are not only to them tedious but also apt means to encrease and foment Puritanisme amongst the people Auricular Confession also is a godly devise to bring the Laity into subjection and to make the people bow before the power of the Keyes and it may aptly force the consciences of Kings themselves to feare the scourges of gowned men Adde lastly Mr. Wats his bodily mortification to Mr. Sparrows confession and then Laymen will be soone inured againe to finde out the fittest penances especially Praesbyteris ars advolvi and so in time their purses their bodies their consciences shall all bee made sensible of the spirituall Scepter of Priests It s no great wonder then if our Court Divines and their dependents doe what they can to draw us neerer daily towards Popery under shew of Antiquity Uniformity and Charity for without all doubt of all Religions Popery is the most beneficiall to Priests most tyrannous to Laymen Neither is it strange that they pretend so much zeale to devotion to the Kings Crowne and Prerogative as things now stand in England as if none truly affected the same but themselves for its cleare that they cannot subject the people but by the King nor the King without the people and so long as they stand possessed of the Kings good opinion no man shall have power to confute them King Jawes is a great instance for Antipuritans and a great prop to the Episcopall Cause it s alleadged of him that Hee hated Puritans for their hatred to Episcopacie and loved Episcopacie for its amity to Monarchie His Aphorisme was No Bishop no King Let us therefore appeale from King James in their words to King James in his owne In his Preface before his Basilicon Doron his words are The style of Puritans properly belongs to that vile Sect of the Anabaptists only called the Family of love Such were Browne Penry Howbeit there are others which participate too much with Anabaptists contemning civill Magistrates c. It is only this sott of men which I wish my sonne to punish in case they refuse to obey Law and cease not to stirre up Rebellion But I protest upon mine Honour I meane it not generally of all Preachers or others which like better of the single forme of Policie in our Church of Scotland then of the many Ceremonies in the Church of England which are perswaded that Bishops smell of a Papall supremacie that Surplices Caps c. are outward badges of popish errours No I am so farre from being contentious in these indifferent things that I doe equally love and honour the learned and grave of either opinion It can no wayes become mee to pronounce sentence so lightly in so old a controversie Since wee all agree in grounds the bitternesse of men in such questions doth but trouble the peace of the Church and give advantage to Papists by our division These were the golden words of that peacefull just Prince upon his second thoughts ô that they were now duly pondred and taken to pieces word for word ô that they were esteemed and understood in their own weight amongst us that they might reconcile our present differences and that the same peace which followed him to his glorious Urne might still blesse these our times O how contrary are these milde words to the unnaturall suggestions of Antipuritans Such as daily accuse all good men for Precisians and all precise men for Puritans and all Puritans for the only Firebrands of the World thus arming the King against his Subjects and by consequence raising Subjects against the King Puritans here are described both what they are and what they are not the King had been misinterpreted before writing generally of Puritans now to avoid all mistake hee expresses himselfe plainly and definitely A Puritan positively in King James his sense is He which imitates Anabaptists in rebellion turbulence and opposition to Law and such are liable to Law but negatively a Puritan in the acception of King James is not Hee which dislikes Episcopacy or the Ceremonious Discipline of England This King James protests upon his Honour though to his great dishonour Hee be now often cited to the contrary As for those which rellish not Bishops and Ceremonies or the English Policie He wishes them to be at peace only with those of the opposite opinion Hee himselfe vowing equall love and honour to the grave and learned of either side and not taking upon him to bee a Judge in so old and difficult a controversie He only like a sweet arbitrator perswades both parties to peace and amity I wish our Bishops would now stand to this arbitration I wish they would neither condemne the Scotch discipline nor urge the English I wish they would put difference betweene seditious and scrupulous Puritans and not inferre the one out of the other I wish they would either disclaim King James as a manifest favourer of Puritans or else imitate him in the same definition and opinion of them K. James further takes notice that the reformation in Scotland was far more disorderly then in England Denmark c. whilst the mayne affaires there were unduly carried by popular tumults and by some fiery-spirited Ministers which having gotten the guiding of the multitude and finding the relish of government sweet did fancie to themselves a democratick forme of policy wherein they were likely to be Tribuni plebis That the Crown might be disincombred of these usurping ringleaders the King advises the Prince to entertaine and advance godly learned and modest Ministers promoting them to Bishopricks but restrayning them heedfully from pride ambition and avarice These things then are hence observable 1. Scotland differs from England in turbulent Ministers Secondly this is imputed to the iniquity of the times not to Puritanisme as if by nature the Scots were more enclining to Puritanisme then other Nations Thirdly notwithstanding that iniquity of those times there was a number sufficient of worthy Ministers fit for preferment Fourthly King James erects Bishops Sees in Scotland for peculiar reasons and therefore He speaks not of Denmark c. Lastly notwithstanding that peculiar reason Hee advises the Prince to be indifferently at war with both