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Corn nor Wine which are daily brought in Barks from Sicilia yet it yieldeth store of Pomegranates Citrons Cottons Oranges Lemmons Figgs Mellons and other excellent Fruits This Island is 10 leagues in length and 3 broad the Earth whereof being but 3 foot deep is the cause of its not being so fertil There are in this Island 60 Villages and 4 Cities namely Valletta the Town and Castle of St. Hermes la Insula and Malta seated in the midst of the Island upon a Hill formed like an Escutcheon held of no great importance yet kept by a Garrison The Inhabitants are of the African complexion and language and follow the Romish Church The Soyl produceth no Grain but Barley Bread made of it and Olives is the Villagers ordinary Diet with the Straw they sustain their Cattel Riches Cummin-seed Annis-seed and Honey they have in abundance of which they Merchandize and an indifferent quantity of Cotton Wool Corsica THis Island is situate against Genoa in the Ligurian Sea It is in circuit 325 miles The Soyl by reason of the Mountains is less fruitfull producing Corn in less plenty but the best Wines Riches it produceth also Figs Raisins and Honey it aboundeth also with Allum Box-Trees and Iron-Mines The chief Cities are Bastia seated on the North-East part of the Countrey on a commodious Haven where the Genoensian Governour hath his residence and a strong Garrison The other Cities are Marian Gallera and Pila the principal Havens hereof are St. Florence in the Northern part and St. Boniface just opposite to it in the South-corner both of good safety and capable of the greatest Vessels that frequent the Mediterranean Sardinia Fertility THis Island is South from Corsica and distant from it but 7 miles it is in circuit 560 miles and is abundant in Corn and well stored with all sorts of Cattle Natures of the People The people are small stature laborious given to Hunting indifferent peaceable among themselves and in some measure courteous to Strangers The principal City is Calliaris enjoying a goodly Haven and much frequented by Merchants the Seat of the Viceroy and an Archiepiscopal Sea The other Towns are Bossa S. Raparata and Aquilastro The Baleares THese Islands are divided into the greater or lesser Majorca and Minorca Majorca is about 60 miles distant from Spain and is 300 miles in circuit The chief Cities are 1. Majorca an University 2. Palma Minorca is distant from Majorca 9 miles and is 150 miles in circuit the Soyl is in some places barren but generally fruitfull The chief Towns are Minorca and Jana Nigh unto these Baleares are two small Islands the first is called Ebrisa distant from the Coast of Spain 50 miles and is 100 miles in circuit the chief City is Yvica the chief Commodity of it is Salt Some 10 miles hence is Olhiusa 70 miles round The lesser Islands that lye dispersed about are 1. The Vulcanian or Aeolian Islands lying on the Coast of Sicilie and are in number eleven the chief is Lipara 10 miles round from whence the rest are called the Liparean Islands 2. Vulcania 2. The Isles of Naples which are in number 18. The chief are Ischia 18 miles round the chief Town whereof is Ischia The second is Caprae and the third is Aenaria 3. The Ligurian Islands the chief of which are Elba whose Metropolis is Cosmopolis The second Isle of note is Gallinaria Thus much of the Mediterranean Isles The Isles of the Ocean THe chief Islands of it are first those of Zealand and Denmark which we have already described the other undescribed are those in the British and the Northern Seas The British Islands They are divided into the Greater as England Wales Scotland Ireland Lesser as Orcades Sorlings Hebrides Sporades Britain THis Island of Great Britain is in compass 1836 miles it is the most famous Island of the whole World It is divided into England Wales and Scotland each differing from other in Language Manners and Customs England ENgland is bounded on the East with the German Ocean South with the British Ocean West with the Irish and North with the River Twede and a line drawn from it to the Solway Westward Division It is divided into 39 Shires wherein are many fair Cities and Towns the chief whereof are 1. London the Seat of the Britains Empire and the Chamber of the Kings of England It is in compass about 8 miles the little City Westminster of old more than a mile distant is now by fair buildings joyned to London and is famous for the Church wherein the Kings and Nobles have stately Sepulchers and for the Courts of Justice at Westminster-Hall where the Parliaments are extraordinarily held and ordinarily the Chancery and Kings-Bench also it hath the Kings stately Palace called Whitehall to which is joyned the Park and House of St. James The City of London hath the sumptuous Church of St. Paul beautified with rich Sepulchers and the Burse or Exchange a stately house built for the meeting of Merchants a very sumptuous and wonderfull Bridge built over the Thames many fair and stately Palaces whereof great part lye scattered in unfrequented places 2. York the second City in England and the Seat of an Archbishop 3. Bristol a famous City standing on the Sea it is encompassed with a double Wall and hath so fair buildings both publick and private as next to London and York it may be preferred before any City in England 4. Norwich this City dâ—serves to be numbred among the chief of England for the riches populousness beâ—uty of the Houses and the fair buildings of the Churches 5. Coventry a large fair and walled City and at this day is the fairest City within Land There are besides these divers fair Cities in this Kingdom as Canterbury the Seat of an Archbishop Exeter a Bishops See Salisbury a fine City and pleasantly seated and is beautified with a Cathedral Church and the Colledge of the Dean and Prebends also the two Cities of Oxford and Cambridge containing in them the two famousest Universities in Christendom Riches The Riches of this Kingdom consists in the unexhaustible Mines of Tinn Lead Copper Iron and Coals most delicate Cloths are woven here which are transported into Germany Poland Denmark Swedeland Italy Turky and the Indies where they are in high request yea infinite quantity of Beer is transported hence into Belgium as also Pelts-Hydes Tallow and Sea-coal This Island is never without the resort of Portugal Spanish French Flemish and Easterling Merchants Fertility The Soyl is very fruitfull and plentifull yielding store of provision for the Inhabitants both of Corn Wild-fowl Fish and Flesh For Wine this Land affordeth none but hath it transported hither from Spain France and the Canaries Natures of the People The people are for the most part tall of stature fair of complexion and of their disposition courteous much resembling the Italian in habit and pronunciation The Women are most
amiable and beautifull and attired in most comely fashion Wales VVAles is bounded on all sides with the Sea except on the East where it is separated from England by the River Dee and a line drawn to the River Wie Division This Countrey is divided into 13 Shires wherein are some fair Cities but divers great Towns The chief Cities are 1. Caerdiff where there is a commodious Haven 2. Caermaden where Merlin was born begot by an Incubus whom the common People took to be a most famous Prophet 3. Caernarvan a walled City and hath a fair Castle built by Edward the First wherein his Son Edward the Second was born Here in the County of Pembroke is Milford-Haven than which Europe hath not a more noble or more safe or more large with many Creeks and safe Roads Fertility The Soyl of this Countrey especially that which joyneth toward the Sea is most fertil both for Man and Beast but for the major part it is more barren and less fruitfull Natures of the People The Men are of a faithfull carriage one especially towards another in a strange Countrey and to Strangers in their own They are of a temper much inclining to Choler being quickly moved and soon appeased being of all angers the best and noblest Scotland SCotland is the Northern part of Great Brittain and separated from England by the River Tweede and Solway and the Hills extending from the one to the other It is in length 480 miles but of small breadth no place being distant from the Sea above 60 miles Division This Countrey is divided into 25 Shires the Cities and Towns whereof are neither fair nor many the chief of those that are are 1. Edenburgh once the Seat of the Kings of Scotland and the place wherein the Seat and Courts of Justice were held It is seated in a fruitfull Soyl and wholesome Air having many Noblemens Houses lying about it and abounds with many Springs and sweet Waters The Buildings are of unpolished Stone but the Galleries of Timber built upon the fronts of the Houses do rather obscure than adorn them The City consists especially of one broad and fâ—ir Street which is in length from East to West about a mile and is the sole ornament thereof the rest of the Streets and Allies being of very poor Building and inhabited with very poor People At the end towards the East is the Kings Palace joyning to the Monastery of the Holy Cross and at the other end towards the West is a Castle which the Scots hold to be inexpugnable 2. Leith is about a mile distant and is a most commodious Haven upon the narrow Scottish Gulf vulgarly called Edenburgh-Frith 3. S. Andrews seated in Fife and well known as an University and Seat of an Archbishop and Metropolitan of all Scotland 4. Glascow the Seat of an Archbishop and a little University 5. Striveling also is a little City where the King hath a strong Castle upon the brow of a steep Rock In general their Towns and Cities for number building or pleasantness are not comparable to those in England neither are their Gentlemens or Noblemens Houses so frequent or so stately built as the better sort of the English For their Villages they are of Clay covered with Straw being much more frequent than in England yet not so commodious within Among the Kings Palaces that of Edenburgh and Sterling for building and Fawlkland for pleasure of hunting are chief Fertility On the West-side of this Countrey are many Woods Mountains and Lakes on the East-side toward the Sea it is fruitfull in Corn especially in Barley and Oats It abounds in Fish and hath plenty of Cattel yet not so big as ours their Horses are little but full of spirit and patient of labour Natures of the People The People in general are much given to Venery those that inhabit the South are the best and civillest and speak the English Language but those in the Northern part are savage and uncivil termed Silvesters About Scotland in the Irish Ocean are above 40 Islands termed Merania and Hebrides the biggest of these in length exceeds not 30 miles and in breadth not above 12 the chief whereof is Pomonia well known by the Episcopal Seat and yielding both Tin and Lead Thus much of Great Brittain Ireland THis famous Island in the Virginian Sea is by the English at this day called Ireland and by the Irish Bardes at this day Banno It standeth between the Greater Brittain and Spain being dis-joynâ—d on the East from England by a tempestuous Sea termed Hiberniam not above one dayes sayling upon the West beateth the vast Ocean upon the North it hath an Island disjoyn'd no further than a Ship may sail in one day and on the South it beholdeth Spain not distant above three dayes sayling Division It contains in length 400 and in breadth 200 miles and is divided into five parts viz. Mounster which is sub-divided into six Counties Lemster divided into ten Counties Meath divided into two Counties Connaght divided into four Counties and Vlster divided into ten Counties The chief Cities of this Countrey are 1. Dublin standing within the Province of Lemster and in the County Dublin it is by the English called Divelin It is the chief City of this Countrey and Seat of justice fairly built and frequently inhabited and adorned with a strong Castle 15 Churches an Episcopal Seat and a fair Colledge and indowed with many Priviledges The Houses of this City as also of the City Waterford are for the most part of timber clay and Plaister yet are the Streets beautifull and the Houses commodious within 2. Armach it is the Seat of an Archbishop and the Metropolitan City of the whole Island 3. Tredagh a fair and well inhabited Town The fourth City is Corke consisting almost of one long Street but well known and frequented The Houses of this City as of Galloway and Limrick two other Cities are of unwrought free-Stone or Flint or unpolished Stones built some two Stories high and covered with Tiles Natures of the People The People of this Countrey are generally strong and nimble of Body haughty of heart careless of their lives patient of cold and hunger implacable in enmity constant in love light of belief and greedy of glory In a word if they be bad you shall hardly find worse and if good you shall no where find better Fertility The Soyl in general is sufficiently fruitfull but through the idleness of the Inhabitants it is made barren Amongst other rarieties of this Island this is one that it breedeth no venemous thing neither will any brought from other Regions live here Thus much of Ireland The lesser Islands are Orcades Sorlings Hebrides Sporades The Orcades THese Isles are in number 32 and are situate against the most Northern part of Scotland Pomonia the chief of which is Pomonia whose prime Town is Kirkwall honoured with a Bishops Seat and
many other Islands are subject to them the chief whereof is the King of Ternate who is said to have had 70 Islands under his subjection none of these Islands are above 6 leagues in compass Riches inriched with Cloves but of other fruits-barren and poor in Ternante is an exceeding high Hill which lifts his head above the Airy Regions of the Clouds and and seems to conjoyn with the fiery Elements it casts out continually bright Flames mixed with a dark smoake The Inhabitants The Moluccoes are better proportioned than any other Indians Brown of colour and mean of Stature and for Vallor they have not their like in India especially those of Ternante choosing rather to dye than flee Amboya is a fertile Island producing Orenges Citrons Lemmons Cloves Coquos Bonanus Suger-canes and other fruits being a very fertil Island the Inhabitants are simple live sparingly and attired like other the Moluccans Banta is distant from Amboya some 24 Dutch miles and comprehend about 5 miles the chiefe City is Nera which is chief not only of Banda but of the Moluccoes In this Island are more store of Nutmegs than elsewhere in the Moluccoes for which cause they resort hither from Java China and Mallaca Java Major Java is an Isle both great and famous judged to stand in the Gulfe of Bengala In it are many Kings most of which are tributary to the Emperor entitled Mataran it is oval in form and in circuit not much inferior to England Riches abounds with sort of Aromatique Spices of which store Pepper is the best and most feasable Merchandize Iâ—habitants The Inhabitants are for the most part Mahomitans their colour is black so is their Actions they are dismal strong impatient and subtle strong limmed and excellent Swimmers Their chief Cities are Fortam Sarrabaia Tuban Matura but Bantam is of most Traffick frequented by Portugals Dutch and English in which every day are three several Markets here Merchants when they come may buy a Woman for their fleshly and worldly business which at their departure they sel again The King of Turban is the richest King and mightyest in all Java They have many Horses of which they make great account they deck them with furniture of Gold Silver and the counterfeits of Dragons and Devils on their Saddles they ride and mannage them with great skill North from Java is Madara a fertil Island of Rice Arosbay is their chief City the people are theevish and given to spoil they captived some of the Hollanders that went thither on Shore to buy Commodities Here in these parts they have Bats as big as Hens which the people rost and eat Also near Java is the Isle of Baly abounding in Bulls Buffols Goats Swine with many kind of Fowls Fruits and Metals Here the Women are burned with their dead Husbands Burneo Burneo In this Island they are partly Moors and partly Gentiles they worship the Sun and Moon whom they think to be Man and Wife and the Stars their Children they salute the Sun at his rising and handle all their publick affairs in the night In it they have two Kings and two Royal Cities situate in Salt-Water Sumatra Sumatra this Island by some is esteemed the greatest of the Eastern Islands stretching almost 700 miles in length and 200 in breadth The Air is not very wholsome by reason of its situation under the Line Riches The Inhabitants feed on Rice Millet Sagu and Fruits Their Riches are Pepper Ginger Cassia Silk Benioyn Gold Tin and Iron This Island is divided into several Kingdoms the chief whereof is â—…cheen who as he precedes the rest in state riches and power so is he formost in tyranny In the Mountains of Sumatra live Man-Eaters which use the Skuls of their eaten enemies instead of money exchanging the same for their necessaries The Attendants of this King are for the most part Women who are expert at their weapons using both Peeces and Swords Phillippinas Phillipinas these Islands are many in number and some of them are very rich in Rice Honey Fruits Birds Beasts Fishes Gold enriched further with trade from China 70 of these Islands are Subjects of friends to the Spaniard The Spaniards have here a Bishop and Archdeacon and besides other religious Men as Augustinians and Franciscans they have seven Colledges of Jesuits Inhâ—bitants The People worship the Devil who oft-times appears to them in conference in most ugly shape There is amongst them an Island of Negroes inhabited with black People almost as big as England Here are also those black People called Os Paupas Man-eaters and Sorcerers among whom Devils walk familiarly and if these wicked spirits find one alone they kill him wherefore they use alwayes to have company Before I leave these Eastern Islands I will give you a short survey of those Towns and Castles which the Spaniard hath got into his possession not only in these Islands but also on the Continent And 1. In Cambaia they have the Towns of Tana Basa and Daman as also the Island of Diâ— 2. In Decan or Canora they have Chaul and Goa the Spanish Viceroy's residence 3. In Mallavar they have Chalen and Colan two places of good strength 4 In Zeilan they have fortified Columbus bragging of one of the best Havens in the World 5. In Siam they are Lords of Mallaca and the adjoyning Castle And last of all to secure their Spice-trade in the Moluccoes they enjoy Terenante yet for all these Fortresses the English and Hollander will not be hindred from traffick with these Indies Thus much of the Oriental Islands Cyprus THis Island is of length 200 large 60 and in circuit 600 miles Fertility This Island yieldeth infinite Canes of Sugar Cotton-Wool Honey Oyl Corn Turpentine Allum Verdegrease Grogram store of Metals and Salt besides all sorts of Fruits and Commodities in abundance This Isle lyeth in the Gulf between and Syria having Egypt to the West Syria to the South Cilicia to the East and Pamphillia North. Natures of the People The Inhabitants are generally strong nimble of great civility hospitality to their Neighbours and exceeding affectionate to Strangers The principal Cities of this Isle are 1. Nicosia environed with Mountains wherein the Beglerbeg remaineth It is circular in form and five miles in circumference the Buildings are low flat-rooft the entrance little for the most part ascending by stairs for the more difficulty in entring 2. Famagusta the chief strength and Sea-Port in it It is seated in a Plain between two Promontories in form well nigh quadrangular indifferently strong and containing two miles in circumference it stands almost opposite to Trippoly Selina Melisso Paphos Fontana and Morosa are the other four special Towns in this Island The greatest imperfection of this Isle is scarcity of Water and too much plenty of scorching heat and sabulous ground Thus much of Cyprus Rhodes RHodes is situate in the Carpatian Sea over against Caria