Aeneidos 8. Polybium lib. 6. alios pugnare cum hostibus lawfully fight with the enemie But these religious solemnities wore away in ancient time It grew afterward fashionable for one King to send his sonne to another to take the Order vt acciperent Arma Militaria or Virilia as the Monks vsually expresse it Which well agrees with that of the Longobards before mentioned Examples of that kind both here in Scotland elswhere are enough frequent So one King of another as in that of Alexander III. of Scotland He married the Lady Margaret daughter to to our Henry III. The Nuptials being celebrated in Christmas at York the King of England Knighted his Royall sonne in law with twentie more Where the Earle Marshall of England as an ancient right of his Place requird the King of Scotland's Horse and Furniture for his fee which although in those times it seems i Statut. West 2 cap. 46. De Marescallis the Earle Marshall had at the Knighting of any Baron or superior Nobleman as also at the Homages done by any such either Secular or Religious yet it was answerd that from the King of Scotland no such fee was due because hee might haue took the Order of any other Catholique Prince or at his pleasure of any of his own subiects of his Nobilitie Responsum fuit saith the k Matth. Paris 35. Hen. 3. Storie quod Rex Scotiae tali non subiacet exactio 〈…〉 quia si placeret ei potuit ipsa Arma suscipere a quouis Principe Catholico vel ab aliquo Nobilium suorum Sed ob reuerentiam honorem tanti Principis Domini ac vicini sui ac soceri tanti mallet ab ipso Rege Angliae Cingulo donari Militari quam aliquo alio Et sic praecipiente domino Rege in totum die festo omnimoda lis conquieuit And for that of the King of Scotland his saying that he might haue took it from a subiect of his own its true and so in our State some of our Kings haue receiud it Henry VI. was Knighted by Iohn Duke of Bedford and Edward VI. by Edward Sâ—imer then Earl of Hertford and the like many more occurre Nay in those ancienter times Earls which were then the greatest Nobles vnder the King and Prince had a power of Knighting Vnder Hen. III. the Earle of Glocester made his brother William Knight at a Tourneament So did Simon of Montfort Earle of Leicester Gilbert of Clare Some l Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. like examples haue been in France And Los Caualleros vassallos de los Ricos hombres i. Knights made by the Ricos hombres anciently in Spain they were neer as Barons in other places are rememberd by m Apud Fr. Menenium ex P. Salanoua alijs Spanish Antiquaries And against the Scotish Expedition Prince Edward of Caernaruan first Knighted by his father Edward 1. made diuers Knights of his own autoritie at Westminster by girding with the sword But such also as were neither Princes nor Earles and that without any Regall autoritie transferd for if so it were not worth obseruation about the raigns of our first three Edward's somtimes made Knights in the Warres Dominus Iohannes filius Thomae say the n A. 1313. 1314 1316. 1318. Annals of Ireland fecit Milites Nicolaum filium Mauritij Robertum de Clonhull apud Adare in Momonia So Edmund le Botiller afterward Lord Deputie made XXX Knights at Dublin And Richard of Bernimgham for the good seruice that one Iohn Husee had done in the Irish warres gaue him amplas terras fecit illum Militem vt benè meruit And by the same autoritie Uenit Dominus Rogerus de Mortimer Dubliniam fecit Dominum Ioannem Mortimer Militem cum quatuor socijs And indeed this Roger of Mortimer was then as Lord Deputie of Ireland and might the better do it And in one of our yeer-books o Thirning 7. Hen. 4. fol. 8. Voyes Froissart â—ol 1. fol. 185. a Iudge on the Bench relates thus I haue heard saith he that a Lord had issue a sonne and carried him to the Font and presently as soon as he was baptized took his Sword and made him a Knight saying Be a good Knight if you can for you shall neuer be good Esquire It was a prerogatiue it seems anciently challenged by such as were themselues Knights For William of Badensel a German Knight at the Sepulchre made two by his own report Supra Sepulchrum Christi saith p Guil. de Badensel Hodoe-Poric in Terram Sanctam he pulchram feci de Resurrectione Domini missam celebrari aliqui de meis socijs Corpus Christi deuotè susceperunt Pâ—st Missam feci Duos Milites Nobiles supra sepulchrum gladios accingendo alia obseruando quae in professione Militaris Ordinis fieri consueuerunt This was in M. CCC XXXVI Now none but the King or one as his Lieutenant authorized giues this Order neither is it done by girding with the Sword but the deseruing kneels and a Sword is laid or slightly strook on his shoulder by the king vsing this French q Smith Rep. Angl. 1. cap. 17. Soiz Cheualter au nom de Dieu and then Auancez Cheualier This Ceremonie alone giues the Title of Eques Auratus that of Auratus comming from their right of wearing guilt spurres which hath been also a knights speciall ornament And vnder Edward II. Richard r Anonym Chron. apud Millium of Rodney was knighted by being girded with a Sword by Almaricus Earle of Penbrok and hauing one Spurre put on by the Lord Maurice of Barkley the other by the Lord Bartholomew of Badilsmere That striking with the s Tillius de Reb. Gallic 2. Sword hath been anciently the vse of the Empire and when Sigismund knighted Signell a French Gentleman in France to honor Signell with that name the want whereof was obiected to him in a Controuersie twixt him and Pâ—stellan hee did it by such striking of him kneeling and giuing him one of his gilt spurres and girding him with a girdle that had hanging to it in stead of a sword a great knife And this was done in France neither Contra maiestatem aut ius Regis saith du Tillet tentatum est quia ex Iure consultorum sententia Equites vbique in Imperio in alieno dominatu institui possunt For Creation of a knight thus much and as euery child knows in personall Creation only the being of knighthood is neither hath any man it otherwise Infanciones saith one t Mich. Molin ap Mennenium of Spain and Infancio is their hijdalgo i. a Gentleman perhaps from the German or Gothique Edeling or Etheling nascuntur apud nos Milites verò fiunt which you may applie to all States In elder times it was prouided in the Empire France and Spain that none should receiue this Order except hee were before in some degree of Ciuill Nobilitie A
man 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that first built Cities and Temples and was the first King on Earth Others of them tell of Lycosura r Pausan. lib. 8. in Arcadie to be the first Citie erected vnder heauen Nay some of later s Constant Manasses in Annalibus times and Christians haue translated the title of the first Monarchie into Egypt as if they had not read holy Writ but rather followed t Trogus hist. 1. them which tell vs that Uexoris King of Egypt and Tanaus King of Scythia preceded the Assyrian Monarchie Indeed the storie of Abraham iustifies great Antiquitie in the Egyptian Pharaoh's and in Europe that Aegialeus K. of the Sicyonians rightly challengeth perhaps as much But wee can relie for truth herein only vpon Moses and must slight both those fabulous reports of Grecians and others as also what occurres in the fragments of the true Berosus Hestiaeus Alex. Polyhistor Adiaben Iulius African and the like touching who raigned before Nimrod and the Floud For the Chaldeans from whom some of these had their originall relations pretended that they had a true storie remaining in Babylon of u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alex. Polyhist ap Euseb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 CL. M. yeers Diodore and Cicero speak of a farre greater number but this is enough in which they reckoned discents of Kings part whereof yet remain's incapable of likelyhood in some of those autors As them for this point so much more haue we here neglected those Annians and counterfeits Archilochus Xenophon Berosus autres quimenteurs Abusent du loisir bonté des lecteurs as the noble Du Bartas of them King and Emperor Whence and what was Emperor How the Roman Emperors reckoned their Yeers The Hate in Rome to the name of Rex How their Emperors abstain'd from it Who of them first ware a Diadem At length others called them Kings but they wrote themselues alwaies Emperors The two Titles as indifferent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a vsuall word for Emperor The Coat of Constantinople and its signification Differences twixt the Emperors of the East and West about the titles of Basileus and Rex and Emperor and letters twixt them about it The King of Bulgaries prerogatiue To the Prince of Sicily anciently Rex hereditary Emperor vsed by other Princes By the Kings of England Their Supremacie from Papall power free anciently By the K. of Spaine The Flattering Rules of Ciuilians touching their Emperor Notaries in Scotland which with other Kingdoms hath as suprem power respectiuely as the Empire in making them The Duke King or Emperor of Russia or Moscouy Czar To whom he vsed not in his title King or Emperor subiect-Subiect-Kings Bohemia made a Kingdom A Sword vsually giuen in making a subiect-Subiect-King Danemark Letters of Ph. de Valois touching Ed. III. his not stiling him King To whom the title of King is truly due The English Heptarchie alwaies vnder One supreme England how and when named The King of Man Of the Wight Of Ireland subiect-subiect-Kings Henrie III. his Letters to the K. of Man King of Kings by whom vsed The storie of Iudith vnknown but from Europe to the Iewes The Great King Custome of giuing Earth and Water in acknowledgement of subiection Herbam dare Liuerie and seisin of England to the Norman Rex Regum vsed by the Kings of England Edgar and Athelstan their greatnes Particular right of the title of Emperor anciently in the Kings of this I le Constantine the Great was born in Britain with more speciall authoritie for it then any hath vsed Honor to the Emperors in Kissing their Feet Hands Knees Kisses of salutation among the Persians Adoration what it is properly Kisses of Ciuill Duty in most Nations Osculum Pacis and after Praiers In Homages An act that none should Kisse the King in Homage The Notation of our words King and Queen The British Cuno Words in diuers languages for King CHAP. II. BY King and Emperor haue been and still are most supreme Princes titled Yet so that for continued Maiesty and note of powerfull Rule in both those affections of State Peace and Warre the first was of ancient time the greater and that of Emperor 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Imperator or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. the Generall of an Armie was for any which had to him committed supremacie in Martiall dscipline although but for some particular hoast In the Roman storie occurres frequent testimonie of it And thence came it that Iulius Caesar being Dictator and a Generall after he had gotten euen the Monarchie of Rome wrote himselfe in his Edicts and Coins AΥTOKPATΩP DICTATOR PERPETVO IMPERATOR the first and last of which titles continued in his successors But it is obseruable to this purpose that by neither of those were the yeers of their Empire reckoned but a long time by their Tribunitian Power beginning in Octauian whence they were as sacred against all violence and wrongs Amongst many one Coin thus inscribed shewes it IMP. CAESAR AVGVST PON. MAX. TR. POT XVI COS. XI IMP. XIIII which was made in the XVI yeer from the States giuing him that inuiolable title The number added to IMP. beeing only so often increased in his and others Coins as they had by themselues or their Generalls performed some a Dio Cassius hist. 53. great matter in the Warres In the infancie of their Empire they abstained purposely from the name of Rex or King being a word grown odious to Roman libertie after Brutus his plucking it out of Tarquin's hands In solemne memorie wherof they yeerly celebrated on the VII kl of March the XXIII of our Februarie their feast Regifugium As also they prouided that no concurse for Marchandise in the Citie should euer happen vpon the Nones of any month Seruius Tullius his birth day they knew was in thè Nones but not of what month and therefore they prouided it b Macrob. Saturnal 1. cap. 13 Veriti ne quid Nundinis collecta Vniuersitas ob regis desiderium nouaret And to palliat som part of his ambitions I. Caesar himselfe beeing saluted King by the multitude but withall perceiuing it very distastfull to the State by the Tribun's pulling off the white fillet from his Lawrell answerd Caesarem se non Regem esse refusing vtterly also and consecrating the Diadem which Antony would haue often put on his head to Iupiter For the same reason did Octauian abstain from the name of Romulus which yet he much affected Alike was the dissimulation of the next Tiberius vnder whom were eadem magistratuum vocabula as Tacitus his words are which were before but the sum and sway of things was ingrost and cunningly kept vnder One differing in name rather then nature from a King as hee well obserued that subscribed Iulius his statue with Brutus quia Reges elecit Consul primò factus est Hic quia Consules eiecit Rex postremò factus est The more
quem vellet Papam eligere nec erat alterius Apostolicum etiam nominare Rex Willielmus allegauit eandem rationem quod nullus Archiepiscopus vel Episcopus regni sui Curiae Romanae vel Papae subesset praecipuè cum ipse omnes libertates haberet in Regno suo quas Imperator vendicabat in Imperio which withall shews how false that of Bertold of m In ap ad Herm. Contract ann 1084. Circ M. C. L. Constance is slandering William the first with slauish submission of England to the See of Rome So when Alfonso the VII King of Castile had gotten most of Spains territories vnder him rediens saith the n Roderic Toletan lib. cap. 7. Storie Legionem imposuit sihi Imperij Diadema vocatus fuit deinceps Imperator Which notwithstanding is against the flattering rules of the Imperiall and barbarous o Bartol ad Con. ff §. Omâ—em Ciuilians who of the German Emperors haue durst deliuer that Ratione Protectionis Iurisdictionis Imperator est Dominus Mundi quia tenetur totum mundum defendere protegere sed Particularium rerum non Dominus sed Princeps As if that weaker Greatnes extended in any of their times beyond Italy and Germany For that long since spoken of the Roman Empire that it was p Lamprid. in Alex. Seuero Imperium quod tenet Imperium long since also failed And in those countries hath not been so gelded that scarce any King is but hath his power neerer to his name The Tramontan Doctors haue been of another opinion as they had reason liuing in other States They allow the q Chassan Catal. Glor. Mundi part 5. consid 27 Vide si placet Alciat de Sing Certam cap. 32. Emperor to haue supremacie but not ouer the King of France nor Spain they might well adde nor of England Scotland Danemark or the like which by prescription of time regaining of right or Conquest are as the other in no kind subiect or subordinat to any but God And therefore by an act r Pâ—rl 5. Iacob 3. cap. 30. of Parliament of Scotland it was long since ordained Sen our souerain Lord hes full iurisdiction and Free Empire within this Realme that his hienesse may make Notares and Tabelliones quahis instruments sall haue full faith in all causes and contractes within the Realme And in time to come that na Notar be maid or to be maid be the Emperours authoritie haue faith in contractes ciuill within the Realme lesse then hee be examined be the Ordinar and apprieued by the Kings hienesse Which act it seems had it not been for the Imperialls there in vse according s Bald-in Feud quis dicatur Dux Et Wesenbech in Paratit ff De fide instrument to which Publique Notaries are to bee made only by the Emperor his Palatines or such like need not to haue been made For what might not a King absolute in regard of any superior do which the Emperor could And in England that constitution of Publique Notaries t Regist. Orig. fol. 114. b. in breu de Deceptione was long since without scruple or any Act for it Therefore as the name of Emperor was notwithstanding some particular differences lawfully giuen as well to him of the East as of the West and allowed so by the VVestern r Act. 8. Synod Oecumenic Dist. 63. c. Hadrianus vide verò Capitis 5. extremum vbi Foedus quod icerunt Rodulph 11. Achmetes Turcarum Imperator part in like form it is or may be without difficultie applied to or vsed by any which is truly a King The Dukes of Moscouy anciently had no other title then Weliki Knesi i. in Russian Great Dukes But Basilius that gouerned there about M. D. XX. Grandfather to the last Theodor took to himselfe the name of King or Emperor i. Czar not deriued from Caesar which interpreters mistaking wrot him Emperor and thence is it that wee now vsually call him Emperor of Russia because Caesar is grown as it were proper only to an Emperor but a meer Russian word they vsing Kessar expressely and anciently for the Emperor of Germany different from Czar Yet this title hee vsed not to all Princes In his Letters to the Emperor the Pope the King of Swethland and Dane the Gouernors of Prussia and Liuonia and to the Great Turke hee vsed it but not to the Polonian Neuter n saith my x Sigismund Com. Rer. Moscouitic Ga guin Moschou cap. 5. Imperator totius Russiae in titulo dictus apud I. Fabrum in Epist. ad Ferd. Archiducem autor horum alterius literas nouo titulo auctas accipere dignatur They are neighbours and therfore the more suspect each other But that Basilius held himselfe rather the better man being compard with the Emperor Nomen suum titulum Imperatorio semper praeponens siue loqueretur siue scriberet With his precedence I medle not But I see not reason why he might not vse either the name of King or Emperor out of his own autority as well as the Emperor Neither needed he haue writen to the Pope for the name of King as some affirm hee did But Sigismund beleeus it not because he was euer an enemie to the Pope and the best title he could find for him was neuer aboue Doctor For that of King in Letters to the Polack this Basilus his sonne saith Gaguin vsed it to him that is Iohn Basiliuitz sed a Polono nunquam saith he nisi MAGNI DVCIS titulo honoratur Other y Lit Reg. Elizab ap Hakluit part 1. pag. 339. Princes giue him somtimes the title of Emperor somtimes Great Duke and King But you shall very often meet with the name of King giuen to those which were in Clientela Imperatoris as of old the Princes constituted by the Romans in Parthia Armenia Arabia Persia Iury and other parts of the world For they had as Tacitus a In vit Agricolae saies instrumenta seruitutis Reges And in later times the Emperor created Kings as other titles Frederique Barbarossa in M. CLVIII made b Radeuic lib. 1 cap. 13. verum titulo Regio à Philippo Anti-Caesare donatus est Primislaus M. C. XCIX Arnoldus Lubecensis Slauor lib. 6. cap. 2. Ladislaus Duke of Bohemia King of the same Territorie For that which Otto de S. Blasio hath of it vnder M. C. LXXXVI is to bee referred to that time And other such examples are These may bee and are called Kings and had in them potestatem gladij power of life and death as in the ceremonie of their inuestiture is exprest which was by deliuering a sword Est n. consuetudo Curiae writes an c Otto Frisingens de Frederic 1. lib. 2. cap. 5 vbi librarioum fortean Typographi incuriâ Sueuus Guuto perperà m leguntur ancient Bishop vt regna per Gladium Prouinciae per Vexillum à Principe tradantur vel recipiantur Petrus verò
are elswhere in the same Custamier rememberd and thus described Les Vauassouries sont tenues par Sommage per seruice de Cheual Which the Glosse interprets Parcemot par seruice de Cheual sont entendus Villains seruices qui se font a sac a somme lesquels on appelle coÌ„munement sommages so to distinguish this seruice de Cheual from militarie seruice known by the name of Chiualrie For that Somme and Sommage is questionlesse from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that which is laid on a Sumpter-horse either as his burden or as the Pack-saddle for easier carriage Whence they call such horses or other beasts so employ'd l Suidas Leâ— Tactic cap. 5. §. 7. cap. 6. §. 29. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they beare 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. burdens Hence had the Latins their m Lamprid. in Heliogabal vbi vide Is. Casaubon quin Isidor Origin 20. cap. 16. Sagmarij equi caballus sagmarius and mula Sagmaria and those of the later and more barbarous times turn'd it into Summarius and Saumarius from which Sommage and n Chart. de Forest artic 14. videsis Bracton lib. 2. cap. 16. §. 6. de vno equo sacco cum brochia Summagium easily grew vsd also in our Law After the Norman Conquest Vauassors were in England and by that name mention'd in the Laws of Henry 1. and perhaps were a kind of feudall dignities twixt Barons and Knights For Bracton reckoning Counts and Barons puts Vauasors before Knights and thus of them Sunt alij qui dicuntur Vauasores viri Magnae Dignitatis Vauasor enim nihil melius dici poterit quam vas sortitum ad valetudincm Speciall remembrance of this Dignitie in our English Monuments is seen scarcely and the Title long since worne away Yet Chaucer describing his Franklein whom hee makes a better Housâ—keeper then in hast are mongst the best to be now found thus mentions the Name At Sessions there was he Lord and Sire Full oft time he was Knight of the Shire An o Poygnard Anlace and p Pouch Gipsere all of Silke Hing at his girdle white as Morow milke A Sherife had he ben and a Countour Was no where soch a worthy Vauesour It 's likely that he gaue him this Title as the best and aboue what he had before commended him for Neither would he haue put it as an addition of worth to a Sherife and a Countour vnlesse it had bin of speciall note and honor For a Countour was if I am not deceiu'd a Sergeant at Law knwn also then by both names Countors sont Serieants saith the Mirror q â—bezle seigneur Coke en l'epist du 9. liure of Iustices sachans la ley del Royalm and the Custumier of Normandie Il est appelli Conteur que ascum establist à parler conter pour soy ea court The word is interpreted by Narrator Often in the Plea Rolls of Henry III. you haue per Narratorem suum In the old Scotish laws there are Subuasores which were as the Uauasini in the Empire Illi qui r Malcolm Mackeneth Leg. cap. 8. §. 8. tenent de Militibus qui vocantur Subuasores leges tenebunt c. and the Valuasores minores of the Empire were as the Milites or immediat seruants to Barons in Scotland The Ciuilians commonly deriue the word à Valuis quia asside bant valuis i. portis Dominorum on feast dayes I am very suspicious of their conceit But it will be clear that it 's compos'd at least in part out of Vassi or Vassall wherof presently speaking of Feuds The more common opinion of the beginning of Feuds Militarie The Feudall Customes by whom and when compos'd Nobilitie of the Empire grounded on Feuds A better and more true opinion of the Originall of Feuds as they came into the Empire 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Eastern Empire Vassi and Vassall Gaesa or Gaisi Communitie of Gu. Qu. and W. Guassdewr Vassallus if a dimmunitiue of Vassus A kind of Feuds very ancient in the Roman Empire The attendance of the Tenants of the Empire at the Coronation anciently Militarie Fiefs in England how before the Normans Expeditio Pontis extructio Arcis Munitio vsually reseru'd in the most indulgent Charters of the Saxon Kings Trinoda Necessitas Wardships In England and Scotland when First Deriuation of Feudum and Alodium A Charter of King Athelstan in rime The affectation of Riming Charters in that age CHAP. VIII OF Feudall Dignities thus much I so call them because their Origination as they now remaine Honorarie is chiefly referd to the first disposition of Territories and Prouinces in Feudall right vnder the French and German Empires The beginning of Feuds cannot but be here necessarie The common opinion supposes it in the Longobards or Lumbards a Northern Nation Their incursions into Italie vnde iura Feudorum saith Bodin in vniuersam Europam fluxerunt and greatnes there began vnder Iustin 11. about D LXX of our Sauiour Millan was their seat Royall and in it their first King Alboin inaugurated And it s commonly affirmd that they brought the more formall and frequent vse of Militarie Feuds thither with their other customs hauing had mongst themselues the vse of them very aucient Which it seems the Cimbrians vnder that name all Northern people of Europe specially were anciently comprehended and so in it the old Longobards thought of as a matter vsuall in their Nation when heretofore being bar'd out of Spain and Gaule they requested the Roman State s Florus lib. 3. cap. 3. vt Martius populus aliquid sibi terrae daret quasi stipendium Caeterum vt vellet manibus atque armis suis vteretur For Militarie Feuds had therin only their being that the Tenants should be readie for defence of their Lords with Martiall accoultrements When by the French Charlemagne the Lumbardian Kingdom ended these Feuds still remained and vnder him they were vsually giuen for life with Dignities annext And when in t A. DCCCXL Otho the Great the German Empire was hee made the Dignities Hereditarie in Feudall right as before is exprest The forms of the Fealtie and such like of these times are extant and inserted in Sigonius his Storie de Regno Italiae Of them in generall terms thus the Feudall customs Antiquissimo tempore sic er at in dominorum potestate connexum vt quando vellent possent auferre rem in feudum à se datum Postea verò eò ventum est vt per annum tantum firmitatem haberent Deinde statutum est vt vsque ad vitam fidelis produceretur Sed cum hoc iure successionis ad filios non pertineret sic progressum est vt ad Filias deueniret Those laws and customs belonging to them were composd as they now are vnder Frederique Barbarossa about M. C. L. by Gerard Neger and Obert de Orto
Turks is Persia. 106 Aichmalotarchae in the Captiuitie 154 Aijos Phasileos Marchio 131 Ailwin a SaxoÌ„ Earle called Half-king the same with Hehelguinus in others 227. Founder of Ramsey Abbey in Huntingdonshire ibid. Aides to make the sonne a Knight marrie the daughter and redeeme the Lords bodie out of prison 330 Algomeiza Procyon 13 Algebar 13 Alexander sonne to Iupiter Hammon and his picture with Rams hornes 63. whence he was called Dhil karnaijn 140. his being deceiu'd by Anaximenes exprest by an Ancient in Latine verse 157 his request to the High Priest for his name to be giuen to the Priests children 67 Albu Ersalan 111 Alcoran of the Turks worne about a Chaliphs neck 100. in it parts of the old Testament ibid. how many Azoars Sureths or chapters it hath the difference of the Arabique one in that from the Latine 101. the beginning of euery Azoar 102. It was by error giuen to Mahomet by the Angell Gabriel 104 Almumens 101 Ali or Alem Mahomets sonne in law 100. how the Persians and other follow his sect 105. 107 the Alian Sect from another Ali according to some opinion 107 Ali Abasides 107 Alghabassi 99 Aladin in the Turkish storie 112 Alfred the first King annointed in England 133 Alilat the same Goddesse with Lilith 165 Alexius Commen the first creator of those Dignities Sebastocrator Panhypersebastus c. 171 Alderman of all England vnder the Saxons 227 Aldermannus Iuratorum 270. 389 Alderman See more in Ealderman Alodium Alode its deriuation 302 Alodarij Aloarij and the like anciently in England 390 Alsheich 51 Alluph i. Dux 208 Amiras Amera Amir 49. 98. 375 Amir Echur 374. Amir Halem 379 Amir elmumunin i. Rex orthodoxorum 99. seq Amiralius 375 Amiras Amireus if well distinguisht 375. 376. Amir amomenus 99 Amir moumnes 100 Amici Regum and Amici Fratres Rom. Imp. 185 Anaximenes See Alexander Annian Impostures reiected 17 Anglorum Rex Primus in the Heptarchie 30 Anselm Archbishop of Canterburie would haue gone to Rome for his Pall but William II. would not permit him 26 Anaxarchus his iest to Alexander pretending himselfe a God 67 Anni Augustorum 71 Antigonus his answere to a flatterer that calld him God 67 Antiochus sprinkled the Iewes Bibles with Bacon-broth 62 Antonin of what respect the name was in Rome 77 Annointing of Kings 128. whence the originall 129. 387. Annointing of stones and statues mongst the Gentiles and bounds ibid. what Princes were to be annointed by the Roman Prouinciall 130. yet no annointing of the old Irish Kings 57. where it was first vsed in the westerne parts 131. Annointing with holy oile to the French Kings 132. None of their Kings of the first line was annointed 132. British Kings annointed 132. First annointed in the Saxon times 133. Annointing of the English Kings with holy oile giuen to Thomas Becket as the tale is reported 134. Annointing makes Kings capable of spirituall iurisdiction 135 Andrew Harkley Earle of Carleil his being degraded of Knighthood vnder Edward II. and the forme of it 3â—7 Andrew S. 370 Apollo to him were consecrate all children cut out of the wombe and why 70 Apostle des Sarazins 66 Apostolique King a title to an Asiatique King 87 Apple so is the Globe calld whereon the Crosse is infixt 158. Three apples in Iupiters statue at Constantinople 159 Appenages of France 196. whence the word Appenage 198 Arbelus 9 Arsacides 76 Areta a name of the Hagaren Kings 76 Arduelles or Ardebil 107 Arthurs seale 160. Arthur and his Round Table 365 Arundel Castle 235. Earldome of Arundel begunne 236. its essence by reason of the Castle and precedence 236. 237 Armories Setting of Crownes on them 196. 197. 206. See Crownes when they began to be borne hereditarily in Praefat. and there of their being giuen by Patent more borne by some Mahumetans painted anciently 380 Armes of the Daulphinè France to be quartered 173. Of Moscouie 362. and see in Beta Of Saxony 152 Armes giuen in enfranchisement 326. 327. and see in Knights Of armes descendible to the heire 322 Arch-duke how ancient the name 194. Of Lorrain ib. Arlic i. Honorable 223 Armiger 340. 341. whence the dignitie hath its name 343 Archbishops worth 204 Arabians See in Vashlu Assyrian Monarchie and its continuance 6. 7 Assur built not Niniueh 8 Astaroth 65 Astronomie of Homer explaned 14 Astrologers 67. 166. 185 Asia the westerne part of it sometimes beside what is truly Greece called Greece 75 Assit principio Sancta Maria meo 101 Asser Ben Cheter 105 Astures King of them 80. Prince of Asturia 170 Ataulph purposd for a title in Empire 76 Athelstans greatnesse thinking it more honourable to make a King then be one 35. his Charter 303 Athenian Prince calld Great Duke 194 Augustus would not bee called Dominus 47 Augustus why and how a title to the Emperor 70. 71. its deriuation 71. vsed by other Princes 71. and 72 Augere Hostias 71 Aureum Pomum wheron the crosse is borne 160 Auratus Eques 317. and 361 Aureorum Annulorum jus See in Rings B BAal 9. and 65 Baal Hanan the same as Hannibal 67 Baal-samaim the same with Iupiter Apollo Pan. 9 Banners giuen in inuestiture and in committing the gouernment of a Prouince 28. 29. 191. 378. 379 Banner square who may beare it with his Armes on it 353 Bannerets their Name and Creation 353. seq a Banneret discharged of being Knight of the Shire 355. 356. and of their Precedence ibid. See in Sanziacks Bani of Hungarie 381 Babylonian Scepters and Rings 155 Babylon and Bagdet 93 Bagded is the old Seleucia vpon the confluence of Tigris Euphrates 93 Baetulus from Bethel deriu'd into the Heathen 129 Babamus in Turkish Our Father 122 Bacon the Frier his bookes spoild by ignorant Monkes 109 Baltheus what 311 Balteus auratus constellatus 309 Basilius Macedo the Easterne Emperor his finding fault with Lews II. the Western about the title of Emperour 22. 23 Basileus 21. seq 35 Barbaquan Barbican 89 Barons and Baronie the etymon of the word 259. seq what they are 265. 266. Of France 266. of England before the Normans 267. seq vntill 273. Barons after the Normans and Parlamentarie 274. 278. and 280. 283. Value of a Baronie 274. and 232. Peers to Barons i. Pares Baronum 274. 275. Barons to Earls 247. 275. without Barons the name of Prince anciently not supported 275. Baronies how many in England vnder Hen. III. 278. First Baron created by Patent in England 281. Baro and Baronia coniugata 282. and 283. Primus Baro Angliae 283 Baron and Lord. 284. Baronie of Earles giuen to their heires apparant 284 Barons of Scotland 285. late and ancient 286. 287. difference of those of France of later time and Barons of England Scotland 288. Barons in France haue the right of wearing a Gilt Helmet 288. and a Chaplet of gold 289. Of Spaine
Palatin See in Durham in Lancaster in Elie in Hexamshire and in Comes Palatij Palatini Archiduces 193 Palatin whence so calld 241. seq Palazins 242. 246. Count du Palais 242. 243. Deriuation of the Nature and Name otherwise then the Vulgar 244. 245. Of the Empire 246. of France ibid. of England 246. 247. 248. of Poland See in Vaiuods Palatinatus 249 Palatij Custos Comes 242. 388 389 Parlaments 226. 227. 274. 278. and see in Barons and Mikelsynods and in Wittenagemots Patro in Cicero 259 Pares Baronum Comitum 275. 277 Pares and Peers in attainder 285 Pares and Peers in Our Law 345. 346. 347. and amerciament per Pares 347. and Pares Regij 348 Pares or Peers of France their number and Dignitie 349. See Peers Parium conuentus 350 Pares Curtis 348 Pagham or Paganham in Sussex 301 Peleg 7 Pentateuch in Greek before Plato 15 Perseus King of Macedon his inscription of letters to P. Aemylius 29 Persian Empire the speciall honor of it anciently 33. See in Salutations iu Ali in Sophi in Shach in Ismael in Nisan in Cafe in Kissiplassa in Othomaniques in Aelamits in Magi. Persian Kings Title at large anciently 112. and the inauguration 135. See in Eagle in Tiar in Melophori in Sun in Salchodai in Mithra Peacocks feathers Crown 57 Peers at the Childbirth 176 Peers See Pares Pesagium granted 199 Peetermen of Louan 372 Pfaltzgrauen 221. 245 Phoebitius 9 Philip of Valois his letters to Edward III. about not calling him King of France 30 Phoenician letters what they were 69. 70 Pharaoh 72. 73. the speciall names of those Pharaohs in holie writ 73. the word what it is 74. Pharaohs Diadem 141 Phateme Mahumeds daughter 100 Philetaerus his Crown and Coin 145 Pit and Gallows of Scotland 286 Plato if hee read the Bible 15 Plurall number why vsed to or of a singular person 114 Pope titled Doctor only by the Moscouit 28. if he gaue him the Title of Emperor ibid. See in Florence in England in Anselm in Fatuitas in Leo in Kissing No Emperor writes himself more then Elect or Rex Romanorum till annointed by the Pope 171. seq 387 Porphyrogenitus whence what 81. seq to whom giuen ibid. Porphyra a house for the Empresse to be deliuerd in 82. 83 Pontus Euxinus 90 Posoch the Crosse on the Muscouits Cap. 152 Porphyrius whence the name 144 Pomum Imperiale 158 Polack Nobilitie 240. 249 Prometheus the first that ruled and was King according to Greek vanitie 116. his hauing a Crown 142. 143 Princeps Principatus 19 Prester Iohn 85. called Beldigian Ioannes Enco Belul Gian Iochabellul 86. 87. not titled Emperor of the Abisens but Ethiopians 86. Presbyter Ioannes and Prester Iehan how these names came to be giuen him 87. the confusion of the names of the Asiatique Prestigiani and the Ethiopian Emperor 87. his Title at large 88 Prestigiani i. Apostolique 87. 88 Pristijuan 88 Priti Ioan. in Praef. Protosymbulus 23. 377 Prouinciall of Rome 80. 130. Princes of the Empire 116 Pragmatica of Spain touching Titles and Dignities 126. 180. 206. 214 Princeps Iuuentutis 169 Princeps Senatus 170 Prince of Wales when first in the heires apparant of England 177. 178 Prince of Scotland 179 Prencipe de las Asturias 179 Prussia giuen to the Duke 191. Dukes in Prussia 194 240 Protocomes Angliae 239 Primus Comes Palatinus 242 Protosebastus 246 Principautes 256 Punique See in Tongues Purple how a Note Royall and when first 83. See in Shooes Purpureus what it signifies 144 Punishment See in Crosse in Othes in Pit and Gallows Q QVen Quena 44. 246 Queen whence deriued 44 Quirinus and Quirites whence 149 R RAdiant Helme 140. For Radiant see in Florence and in Sun Rabbins interpretation of the plurall vsd in the beginning of Genesis 114. learned of a maid asking her Mistresse for a broom how to vnderstand a place of Scripture in Praef. Ramsey Abbey sounded 227 Rape of Arundel 235 Radknights what 334 Ralph Grey Knight his purposed degradation 339 Rex Regifugium 19. 20. seq Regillianus his being made Emperor by his name 20 Reguli 31 Rex Regum 32. 34. See in King and in Sicilie Reges hominum Rex Regum 35 Red shooes who might weare them 24. 156 Regiae Stellae 67 Rex Credentium 99 Regnum i. a Crown 151 Rex Romanorum 170 Rex Italiae ibid. Reges the generall name of Kings children 176 Regum Amici 185 Reliefs 232. 272 Rheims Bishop 132 Reuersion of all Appenages Dukedoms and Counties in France vpon default of heirs males in the Crown 196 Ressort Souerantè 196 Riga for Regem or Rex 23 Ring to Henrie 11. sent from the Pope as an Inuestiture of Ireland 56. 57 Ring an ancient materiall in giuing of dignitie 199. 200. See in Inuestiture in Duke Count Marquis and Vicount Rings of gold how and to what vse in old Rome 323. giuen at the giuing of Ingenuitie 325 Right worshipfull 124 Richmond Earldom 199. 229 Ricos hombres 289 Richard Earle of Cornwall brother to Henrie III. 345 Riders 332 Rosse Earldom 179 Rothsay Dukedom 179 Robert of Veer made Duke of Ireland and Marquisse of Dublin 216 Rowland 242 Robert Grostest his answere to Henrie III. questioning him whence he so well was able to instruct yong courtiers in fine Praefat. Rodulph 11. Emperor his League with the Turk about their Titles 113 Round Tables 365. 366 Romanorum Imperator 387 Rubeum Caput 83. 84 Russia Alba Nigra 84 Russian See Muscouir S SAlchodai of the Persians what 11 Salutations twixt Emperors 38. 40. in Rome anciently twixt common persons 47. flattering salutations forbidden by the Emperor 40. Persian salutations 40. 41. Iewish 49. 52. Punique and Syrian and Greek 53. Turkish 98. See in Pragmatica and in Superiors Sanctitas Regum 65 Saba Queen whence 73 Salomon and Q. Maqueda 86 Sabaei and Terra Sabaea 86 Sarmatians planted in Europe 91 92 Saxonie Dukedom 116. its Coat and inuestiture 152 Sanctissimus 121 Sacred Maiestie 123 Saturn President of the Iewish law in Astrologie 166. See Belus Salique law whence and when and by whom composd 175. 299. Salica Terra what 175. 296 Saxon Nobilitie anciently 177. 204 268 Sagibaro 261 Sach or Sake 261 Saccabor Sathabor c. 263 Sagmaria 291 Saumarius 291 Sardanapalus 6 Sanzacbegler 355. 377. 379 Scaligeran familie 92 Scepter how anciently a token of Roialtie 154. Eagles born and other birds on the top of it 155. an ensigne of the Consuls 155. swearing by it 157. why and whence it was vsd in othes 158 Scutarius 340 Scales 263 Scilpor 341 Scotlands King free as the Emperor 27. knighted here in England and his excepting against the Marshals fees 315 Sesostris Sesoosis or Sefonchosis 32. 73. 46 Septimius Seuerus why calld Arabicus 86 Semper Augustus Semper inuictus 89 Seat of the Great Chan. 92 Seals who might vse them
accepto ab ipsius manu regno fidelitate hominio ei obligabatur Ita coronâ Regni per manum Principis sibi impositâ in die sancto Pentecostes ipse coronatus gladium Regis sub corona incedentis portauâ—t Hee means by this Peter Sueno IV. King of Danemark for he was known by both those names twixt whom and his cozen Cnuto was great controuersie for the Kingdom determined thus by the Emperor at Martinesburg in Saxonie The mention of the like made in Otto de S. Blasio must be vnderstood of Waldemar I. who receiued both this and Swethland of the Emperor at Bisonçe And King Harold before that when d Helmold bist Slauor 1. cap. 9. the Danish Nation was first Christned receiued it of Otho the great Now it acknowledges no superior But so many as haue or do as feudataries to other Princes are excluded out of their ranke which before are indifferently titled Kings or Emperors The K. of Bohemia when it was in another hand from the Empire although he were crownd and annointed yet being in a manner the Emperors e Aur. Bull. Caroli 4. cap. 8. Subiect wanted perfit Supremacie for it as also they of Sicily when they had inuestiture from the Pope they of Cyprus being anciently as Tenants yet crowned to f Arnold Lubecens Chron. Slau lib. 5. cap. 2 both Empires and such like euen as much almost as that Perseus who when L. Aemilius Paulus had spoiled him of his Kingdom of Macedon and compelled to flight yet was so ambitious of his former title that he made the inscription of his letters to Aemilius thus g Liu. Decad. 5. lib. 5. Rex Perseus Consuli Paulo S. it being at that time vnder Aemilius and the State of Romes arbitrement whether euer he should be King again or no. Wherefore Aemilius would not so much as giue answer to his Messengers vntill they had brought him letters inscribed with a meaner title As on the other side when Edward III. besieged Tournay and sent letters of chalenge to a single combat to the then pretended French K. he would not call him King but only Philip of Valois whereupon hee had this answer h Ex ms vet sed Latinè literas habet Th. Walsing sub ann 1340. Philip per la grace de Dieu Roy de France a Edward Roy D'Engleterre Nous auons vous letres apportes a nostre Court enuoyetz de par vous au Philip de Valois en quels letters estoient contenuz ascun requestes que vous fezistes au dit Philip de Valois Et pur ceo que les dits letters ne veignant pas a nous que les dits requestes ne estâ—yent pas faits a nous come appiert clerement per le tenure des letters nous ne vous en fesons nul response You know that i Martial Epig. 18. lib. 2. vpon Maximus Esse sat est Seruum iam nolo Vicarius esse Qui Rex est Regem Maxime non habeat Therefore did Francis the first of France much dislike that Charles the v. should k Bodin de Repub 1. cap. 9. call himself King of Naples and Sicily enioying them as the Popes Vassal or Tenant And when PP Pius IV. would haue made Cosmo de Medici Duke of Florence of the same State King the neighbour Princes endured it not and the Emperor Maximilian II. answered directly to the French Kings Embassador about it Non habet Italia Regem nisi Caesarem And in that Heptarchie of our Saxons vsually six of the Kings were but as subiects to the supreme whom they called Anglorum l Ethelwerd l. 3 c. 2. Beda hist. eccles 2. cap. 5. Circa DCCC XX Rex Primus or such like which was as well giuen to others the first that had it being Aella King of Sussex as to that Egbert whose glorie and greatnes consisted rather in the swallowing vp of the other subiect Kingdoms into his own Rule and in the new naming of the Heptarchie England in one word for hee in Parliamento saith my m Ex Instrum lib. Hospital S. Leonardi Eborms Idem ferè in Alred Rhtuallensis Vitâ S Edwardi Verùm ab Anglorum aduentu ita dictam scribit 10. Sâ—risburiensis Policratic 6. cap. 16. alij ab Hengisto vt Hector Boet. Scot. hist. 7. 10. Gower Epig. in Confess Amantis Hardingâ—s autor apud Wintoniam mutauit nomen Regni de consensu populi sui iussit illud de caetero vocari Angliam then in beeing of larger Dominion then any was before him Those inferior Kings are like in some proportion to those of Man who haue had it alwayes by a tenure from their soueraigns the Kings of England especially euer since Henrie IV. possessing it by the forfeiture of the Lord Scrop inuested Henry Percy Earle of Northumberland in it in fee simple to hold it per seruitium portandi diebus Coronationis nostrae as the Patent n Pat. 1. Hen. 4. Rot. 2. Th. Walsingbam speaks haeredum nostrorum ad sinistrum humerum nostrum sinistros humeros haeredum nostrorum per seipsum aut sufficientem honorificum deputatum suum illum Gladium nudum quo cincti eramus quando in parte de Holdernesse applicuinus vocatum I ancaster Sword It hath been since by Escheat in the Crown and was bestowed on the noble Family of the Stanley's by the same K. Henrie and in their o Camdenus Posteritie being Earles of Derby it continues So was Henrie of Beuchamp Earle of Warwick by Henry VI. crowned K. of the Isle of Wight and in him also that title ended But all these are litle otherwise Kings then Dukes or Earles are They bear the name but not the true marks of Royall maiestie rather to be stiled Reguli then Reges being subiects in respect of those whose Maiesties they were bound to obserue and obey For me thinks it looks like false Latine where our Henry II. grants Roderico p Transactio inter Hen. 1â— Roderic apud Roger. de Houeden ligio homini suo Regi Conactae in Ireland that hee shall haue his territorie paying a certain tribute quamdiù ei fideliter seruiet vt sit Rex sub eo Paratus ad seruitium suum sicut homo suus Yet in grants q Claus. R. Ioh. 6. memb 18. 17. Ioh. Chart. memb 3. 6. Hen. 3. Chart. memb 2. in Arce Londinens made by K. Iohn and Henry III. to the Kings of Conaght and Tesmond the like title of Rex is which is obserued also by the learned S r Iohn Dauis Knight his Maiesties Attorny Generall for Ireland as also that in the Pipe Rolls of Hen. III. his time yet remaining in Bremighams Tower in the Castle of Dublin somtime Oneale Rex vpon accounts sometime Oneale Regulus occurs And when Reginald K. of Man had done his homage as a tenant to r Chronic. Mannae K. Iohn and likewise to Henry III.
a truth no more then Eugubin's translation of it into Greek for it was extant only in Latine till that imposture to bee legitimat But Iohn of Sarisbury goes on Annulum quoque per me transmisit aureum smaragdo optimo decoratum quo fieret inuestitura iuris ingerenda h Locus deprauatus forte l. ingrediendae Hberniae Hibernia Idémque adhuc Annulus in i l. Curiali curali archio publico custodiri missus est All this was about II. Hen. II. But nothing was executed Som yeers after Dermut Mac Morrogh K. of Lemster beeing distrest by the K. of Connacht and Orereck M. C. LV. K. of Meth whose wife he had but not against hir will dishonord requested aid of the English and had it and was chiefly restord by the valour of R. Strongbow Earle of Penbroke The Earles Greatnes in litle time within the Isle grew suspicious to K. Henry To auoid that he acknowledged the Dominion of his Conquest in the King who som XVII yeers after the Popes Bull entred the Isle with an armie subdued good part of it and had homage of those petit Princes which retained as afore so after this acknowledgment the name of Kings Yet they were not Ordinati solennitate alicuius Ordinis as the k Apud D. Io. Dauies Regiū apud Hibernos Procuratorem Black book of Christ-Church in Dublin speaks nec Vnctionis sacramento nec Iure haereditario vel aliquâ proprietatis successione sed vi armis quilibet regnum suum obtinuit This K. Henry it seems following the syllables of the Bull and his successors hence titled themselues Lords of Ireland in their stile putting it before Duke of Guienne And in the Annals of Ireland you read Ioannes filius Regis Dominus Hiberniae de Dono patris venit in Hiberniam anno aetatis suae duodecimo which was the XIII yeer from the first entrance of Hen. II. and in l Ex Synod 1. 2. Cassiliens Armach ap Camd. De Pauonum pennis in texendis Coronis Consulas Paschal de Coron lib. 10. c. 13. confirmation of his title Pope Vrban III. sent him a crown of Peacocks feathers As likewise Hen. III. made Prince m Pat. 52. Hen. 3. memb 9. Edward afterward Ed. I. Lord of Ireland How King Iohn had obedience of most of the Princes there and establisht English Laws Officers and such more notes of supreme Maiestie Matthew Paris may best instruct you Plainly although some succeeding Princes wrote themselues but only Lords of Ireland yet their Dominion was meerly Royall They had their Iustices or Custodes or Lord Lieutenants or Deputies as at this day they are called of Ireland which were as Viceroy's by Patent with most large Power delegat in the very rights royall then whom no Lieutenants in Christendome as our most iudicious Antiquary obserues comes neerer Kinglike State And. Richard II. being himself but in Title Dominus yet created n Pat. 9. Rich. 2 Robert of Vere being then Earle of Oxford Duke of Ireland with Commission to execnte most inseparable prerogatiues royall Which had been ridiculous if in substance hee had not been as a most perfect King of it But in later time vnder Henry VIII in a o Stat. Hibern 33. Hen. 8. cap. 1 Parliament held at Dublin Sir Anthony Senitleger then Lord Deputie Forasmuch as the King our most gracious dread Soueraign Lord and his Graces most noble progenitors Kings of England haue been Lords of this land of Ireland hauing all manner Kingly Iurisdiction Power Preheminences and authoritie Royall belonging or appertaining to the Royall estate of maiestie of a King By the name of LORD OF IRELAND where the Kings maiestie and his most noble Progenitors iustly and rightfully were and of right oft to bee Kings of Ireland and so to be reputed taken named called it being further added that through want of vse of the iust title and name diuers attempts of disobedience had been in the Irishry it was enacted that the Kings Highnesse his heirs und successors haue the name stile title and honor of King of this land of Ireland with all manner honors preheminences prerogatiues dignities and other things whatsoeuer they bee to the Maiesty and State of a King Imperiall appertaining or belonging And that his Maiesty bee from henceforth his heires and successors named called accepted reputed and taken to bee Kings of this land of Ireland to haue hold and enioy the said stile title maiestie and honors of K. of Ireland with all manner preheminences prerogatiue dignities and all the premisses vnto the Kings highnesse his heirs and successors for euer as vnited and knit to the Imperiall Crowne of the Realme of England Thus much Pope Paul IV. afterward confirmd to K. Philip and Mary with de Potestatis plenitudine Apostolica autoritate Regnum Hiberniae perpetuò erigimus And in the stile of their Parliaments it was henceforth calld Regnum or Realm being before only Terra Hiherniae Of which enough In origination of our English name Lord whereby we and the Scots stile all such as are of the Greater Nobilitie i. Barons as also Bishops it s not easie to satisfie you In our ancient Saxon it was writen hlaforde and was a relatiue to þeow and ðeow man i. a Seruant or Bondslaue and Tenant not any Title or Dignitie To talk of Allodium or Allodius to this purpose as some do is more then idle It would be neerer our present pronunciation if you drew it from Lars or Lartes for so also is the first case vsed by p Lartes Tolumnius Philippic 9. Cicero an old Tuscan word signifying Prince or such like as a q Ios. Scalig. ad Propert. 4. great man deliuers by coniecture whence you haue Lartem Porsenam and Lartem Tolumnium in Liuy Plutarch and Halicarnasseus and Aremoricus Lars in Ausonius But Lar Lartis saith an old r Tit. Prob. Epit. de Nom. Rat. Roman praenomen est sumptum à Laribus Tuscum autem creditum est praenomen esse It were not much stranger at first sight to suppose this Lar or Lartes to be hether transferd then that Lar should yet remain as I haue seen somwhere noted a word for a chief house about Bayeux in France And many worse etymolegies make their authors proud of them But I know you cannot but laugh at this and I will so with you touching it only as ther is such communitie of name twixt it and our present idiom or rater twixt the Scottish Lairds a degree next beneath Knights among them It was afterward pronounced Lauerd and Louerd as you shall see among other testimonies in this beeing a metricall translation of the first Psalme transcribd out of the whole Psalter so turnd and fairly writen about Edward II. his time as the Character perswades which I haue Some wicked hand by cutting the first Capitall left it thus In Bibliothecâ Bodleianâ Oxonij exemplar Psalmorū huic nostro per
Greek hath not an expresse word for Maiestie Som haue q Glossar Vet. Graeco-lat v. 2. Petri cap. 1. com 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maiestas and Magnitudo but it properly signifies the last not so well the first which comes plainly from a Comparatiue Maiestas itaque are Casaubons words si verbi proprietatem spectamus Numinis est solius quod omnibus ijs quae magna dici possunt est maius Usurpatio est cum Principibus maiestas tribuitur But obserue their tradition of the Godesse Maiestie They fained that at first there was no distinction of Place or Precedence among the Gods but that the meanest would somtimes sit in Saturns own Throne And this they say r Ouid. Fastor 5. continued Donec Honor placidoque decens Reuerentia vultu Corpora legitimis imposuere toris Hinc sata Maiestas quae mundum temperat omnem Quáque die partu est edita Magna fuit Nec mora consedit medio sublimis Olympo Aurea purpureo conspicienda sinu As Maiestie was there bred of Honor and ReÌ„uerence so proportionatly mongst men and thence the word applied to the supreme of Men. But also they vsd Numen Imperatoris and Oracula Augusti for Edicta and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if you should say diuinitùs sancimus for statuimus And before this great communicating of Maiesty the Emperors s Paul ff de legat 2. l. 87. §. Lucius Scoeuola ff lib. 40. tit â—1 l. 3. had the attribute of Sanctissimus and such like These beginning vnder Heathenisme continued after Christianitie Whence when they speak of the Crimen Maiestatis they t Athaliat tit 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 66. Glossar Vet. Sanctitas Regum ap Iul. cas in Tranq vse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which may be interpreted a iudgment or accusation touching what is committed against a thing sanctified or sacred But I think 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will be most proper in substance for Maiestie although George Codin translated hath alwaies Regnum for his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vnder fauour not without error They had also their u Codin Meurs Gloss. Graeco Barb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. sacred Maiestie which was proper only to the Emperor and that when others spake to him he himself in modestie omitting Sacred and speaking only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But Maiestie exprest in this word was communicated also to the Despote Sebastocrator and Caesar. The Despot was the heire or successor apparant of the Constantinopolitan Empire vnderstand of the times since Alexius Comnenus though before him it were a generall name as My Lord the Sebastocrator the second from him in dignitie and next the Caesar Protosebastus and so forth But to our purpose receiue this out of their c Curopalat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quem tamen absque Iunij Restitutione locorum ne legas traditions Before the Emperor they calld the Despote My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Maiestie was applied to him the Sebastocrator My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sebastocrator the Caesar my Lord Caesar in those words as the other and to both these also was Maiestie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 applied But if any other Great men about the Court 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 had occasion to vse the Despot's name to the Emperor they thus My Lord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Your sonne the Despote If they speaking among themselus mention'd him then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Our Lord the Despote For in later Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Our either corruptep from their ancient own or induced by Tartarian or Turkish wherein Babamus is our Father If a great man spake to the Despote he might either call him My Lord the Despote with the word last remembred or for greater honor Our Lord the Despote If any of the Despot's seruants or followers vsd his masters name to the Emperor hee might not call him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which I interpret to be in fashion the same with Our My Lord when we speake indifferently of any Nobleman but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. My Lord and Master your sonne the Despote For so I thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is best here translated If a man spake to any of their other Great men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee neuer vsd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 On the other side 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was neuer vsd to the Despote but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Neither could they render reason for all those but because vse and custome had brought them to it Neither hath the Grammaticall difference of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 any thing to do here For our Kingdome Maiestie saith the learned Author of the Remains came hither in time of Henry the Eight as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory Vnderstand him as it was commonly in vse and properly to the King applied For in the Epistles of Iohn of Sarisbury is Maiestas tua diuers times to Henry Fitz-lempresse vnder whom hee liu'd and the same is there vsd also to Pope Adrian Grace mongst vs began in time of Henry IV. and Excellent grace as you read in the Remains vnder Henry the Sixt. High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth But about those times it was not solely proper to the King as it seems by the Concord touching the title of the Crowne twixt Henry the sixt and Richard Duke of Yorke made in XXXIX Henry VI. in Parliament at Westminster with this title Betwixt the most High and most mighty Prince Henry the fixt King of England and of France and Lord of Ireland on the one partie and the right High and mightie Prince Richard Plantagenet Duke of Yorke on the other partie and the Duke of Glocester vnder Henry the a Parl. 3. Hen. 6. art 1. 26. sixt is calld High and mightie Prince and the Duke of Excester Hault and Puissant Prince Anciently how our Soueraigns were in this kind titled may be obserud vpon these examples Au Tresnoble tréshonorable Prince son trescher Seignior si luy pleist Monsieur Edward per la grace de Dieu Roy d' Engleterre Signior D'irland Duc D' Aquitaine le sone Henry Percy reuerence honeurs In a letter b Rot. 25. Ed. 1. in Arce Londini de Rebus Scotiam tangentibus memb 4. 6. saepius to Edward 1. writen from Dunwich and the like in diuers other Records is And there the Barons of the Exchequer send to the King with Nous maund à vostre hautesse c. But also in times later then Edward 1. titles and notes of Greatnes being not in that distinction or Curiositie as now som such as are with vs mean were competent to highest Princes I remember I
name as designing only a Goddesse or Starre of sight generally which Cubar will well endure And those Eastern parts had euer anciently the Moon vnder both Sexes in their Deuotions Lunus k Spartian in Caracall vbi consulendus V. Cl. Is. Casaubonus and Luna Which seems not of yonger beginning then the adoration of the Sunne among the Persians which as the Crescent now to the Mahumedans was in some sort vsed and set vpon their Royall pauillions Patrio more Persarum saith l Curt. lib. 3. Xenophon lib. 8. Cyropaediae Curtius traditum est orto sole demùm procedere die iam illustri signum è tabernaculo Regis buccinâ dabatur Super tabernaculum vnde ab omnibus conspici possit image Solis crystauo inclusa fulgebat But of their Moon thus much And thus much of the Externall Ensigns of Maiestie Other particulars there are to this purpose But either so obsolet that our Age hath not to do with them as the carrying of Fier before the Persian and Roman Emperors the Ius Capillitij of France and the like Or so peculiar to some only that they are rather to be referd to the Countries custome and Ceremonie then Royall Maiestie TITLES OF HONOR SECOND PART PRinceps and Princeps Iuuentutis Caesar when first the Title for the apparant successor Rex Romanorum Despote Sebastocrator Caesar Panhypersebastus in the Eastern Empire The Despotes Crown An Innominat Title before Despote Daulphin The beginning cause and signification of that name in the French heirs Humbert Daulphin his Epitaph in Paris The Salique law and its interpretation Goropius his coniesture why the Franks allow not Womens gouernment Monsiuer title of the Brother and heire The custome of the French Peers being at the Queens Childbirth Clyto Clitunculus for the Saxon Princes Etheling or Adeling Errors of Polydore Duke of Normandie Prince of Wales when begun as proper to the Eldest son and heire of England Duke of Cornwall Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay Steward of Scotland Earldom of Rosse by Act of Parliament made as Appanage to the second sonnes in Scotland Infanta of Spain Prince of Astura The Pragmatica of Philip II. for writing to the Infanta of Spain CHAP. I. TO auoid the danger of an ensuing Anarchie as well in Electiue as Hereditarie Monarchies a designation hath vsually been of the next APPARANT HEIRE or successor and that by some honorary name In In the first of the Roman Empires infancie successors were by adoption appointed and stil'd Principes Iuuentutis The first example was in Octauian his adoption of Caius and Lucius sonnes of his daughter Iulia by Agrippa Yet as is before toucht with them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor Otho to his a Tacit. Histor. 1. Annal. 1. Armie Nec priuatum me vocari sustineo Princeps a vobis nominatus nec Principem alio Imperante And of Augustus the same autor Lepidi atque Antonij arma in Augustum cessere qui cuncta discordijs ciuilibus fessa nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Thence came Principatus and b Tertullian lib. adu Hermog Principium to bee abstracts for their Power and Gouernment The affectation of this Title by the Emperors sprang from the vsuall name of Princeps Senatus which was before the Caesars known among them So did they in this preuent innouation Whereupon the dissembling Tiberius often c Dio. hist. 57. affiâ—md himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Emperor of the Armie but Prince of the Rest. But those who were constituted for succession had alwaies the addition of Iuuentutis to Princeps which Zonaras turns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Prince of the Youth The two adopted by Octauian are exprest by this name in a Coine picturd with them circled thus C. L. CAESARES AVGVSTI F. COS. DESIG PRINC IVVENT in the hands of that noble Mark Velser of Auspourg Others like are extant with that Title being as is supposd worn out of that Ancyran monument where you read EQVITES ROMANI VNIVERSI PRINCIPEM .......... HASTIS ARGENTEIS DONATVM APPELLAVERVNT The defect is supplied by coniecture of two great and most learned Critiques Casaubon and Lipsius with IVV. C. for Iuuentutis Caium And as Princeps Senatus was chief in their Senatorian order in their free State before the Caesarean Empire was the name of Princeps Iuuentutis for a chief in the Ordo Equestris So is the sonne of C. Curio named by d Orat. in Vatinium videâ— Lips Elect. lib. 2. cap. 1. Cicero From Octauian vntill Hadrian this Title remain'd for the apparant successor Thence began Caesar to that purpose For although others before which were apparant successors had that name yet in them it was as a note of their family not of their hope to the Empire But Hadrian by this name adopted Aelius Verus Of him thus Spartian Primus tantùm Caesaris nomen accepit adoptione Adriani familiae principum adscriptus And a little after Nihil habet in vita sua memorabile nisi quod primus tantùm e Iul. Capitoâ—inus in Clod. Albino docet quibus insignibus vti Caesarem licuit ex Epistolâ Commodi Aug. Ad Albinum v. Capitolin in Vero Imp. Caesar est appellatus so Casaubon reads instructed out of a Ms. in the French Kings Library non testamento vt antea solebat neque eo modo quo Traianus est adoptatus sed eo propè genere quo nostris temporibus à vestra Clementia he writes to Diocletian Maximinianus atque Constantius Caesares dicti sunt quasi quidam principum filij Viri designati Augustae maiestatis Haeredes Which disproues the tradition of Aur. Victor that in the adoption of Hadrian by Traian the name of Caesar first was the mark of succession Abhinc diuisa saith he nomina Caesarum atque Augusti inductúmque in Remp. vti duo seu plures summae potentiae dissimiles cognomento ac potestate dispari sint Caesar was then what remains to this day in the Western Empire known more vsually by REX ROMANORVM Which began with the Translation it seems of the Empire out of Greece into France Of the inauguration of Charles le magne writes Sigebert Karolo Regi Imperatorias laudes acclamant eúmque per manum Leonis Papae Coronant Caesarem Augustum appellant Pipinum verò filium eius Regem Italiae Ordinatum collaudant But it s obserud that after Charles surnam'd Crassus all the Emperors before him being meerly hereditarie enioying their Title not so much by Coronation or Vnction as right descendible no other stile was assum'd till Consecration from the Pope but Rex Romanorum and that it being had thenceforth they were all writen Augusti and Imperatores and so in their Charters was it by themselues obserud with Anno Regni so much Imperij so much Quod omnes saith a De Comitijs Imperatorijs Onuphrius posteà eius of Charles the Grosse
England How the Nobilitie lik't the Creation of Robert of Vere Richard I 〈…〉 expressely made it a Dignitie twixt Duke and Count. Iohn of Beaufort's refusing the Title as too New His Coronet here First Marquesse in Scotland Iohn Hamilton First in Spaine when made and who His Coronet and prerogatiues there CHAP. III. OF Dux Dux limitis and Comes as they were anciently about the declining Empire it is sufficiently disputed in the next Chapter before And of their equalitie of Office and Dignitie as also how from Dux came the now Honorary title of Duke From no other Originall is the name of MARQVESSE to be deriud For such as were constituted Gouernors of Prouinces bordering on som other State or the Sea whence also easier inuasions might bee feared had the name of a C. tit de Venat Ferar. l. vnic Constit. Theodos. Val. edit a Pith. tit 29. Duces Limitanei or Limitum in Latin and from the old Dutch or French in later time Marâ—graues or Marquesses For in that tongue as at this day Borders Frontiers limits or bounds were calld Marques or Marches Quotiens saith my b Boiar leg tit de Term. Rupt art 8. autor de Commarchanis contentio nascitur c. i. as often as controuersie rises touchching Boundaries And in the French Annals one speaking of Carloman Expulit Duces quibus custodia commissa c c Anonym sub anno 861. erat Pannonici limitis Cartani atque per suos Marcam ordinauit Hence the ancient Marquesse of Austria is calld d Ditmar Chronic lib. 7. Marcha inter Vngarios Bauarios So Normandie was * Sugerius Abb. vitâ Ludouici Crassi Margus Regni and Normanniae Marchia The reason of the name any man knows that knows how it lies In the Testament of Charles the Great Marcae is vsd for Frontiers and in writings of those times Marca Hispanica Marca Britannica and such like infinit occurre And e Adreuald Floriac de Mirac S. Ben. cap. 33. Marchisi Britannici limitis Marchiser in French being at this day to Border or adioyne to Hence the names of Danmarch and as som haue thought our Mercia or Mercland in the Saxon Heptarchie and the lawes of Marque or Reprisales Some great men haue f Alciat de Singul Certam cap. 32. deriud it from Mare or Marc i. a Horse as if it should be in Latin Magister equitum or a Generall ouer the Gensdarmerie of Horsemen It s true that among the old Gaules the word g 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pausanias Phocic lib 10. Marc signified a Horse as also in h March leg Boiar tit de Vitios animali art 11. old French and British or Welsh wee and the present Dutch retaining still for one Sex the word Mare Hence some will the Marcheta Mulieris in Scotland i. from an obscene vse of equitare the first night or Maidenhead of the Bride which by a law of Euen III. King of Scotland was allowd to the King and other Lords at the marriage of their Tenants daughters and afterward by Malcolm III. at request of his Queen turnd into a summe of i V post Hectorem Boetium lib. 3. Regiam Maiest lib. 4. cap. 31. de Marcheta apud Nos consulas Henric. de Bract lib. 4. de Assiss N. Diss. cap. 28. §. 5. monie yet remaining among their laws But also with vs in a Natiuo habendo the Esplees is laid among other in Marcheta pro filiabus suis maritandis perhaps hauing like cause of name although not the same ground of Law But in Scotland it extends to all Conditions as well Noble as other And from the old vse of this Marc or Mare must you deriue Mareshall i. as most say Mare-schalch which literally is as much as Equi or Equorum praefectus i. Master of the Horse Which without question is the true etymologie of the great office of Mareshall ioind anciently in England with the Constable i. Comes stabuli in their iudicious place of the Court of Chiualrie But to iustifie also that Marquesse is hence one produces a piece of an old Romant thus speaking of Paris his companie in his embarquement for Helen Li k Benois Chez Fauchet en l' Origin des Dig. nit 2. cap. 3. Chiualier li Marchis Ke Paris ot semont pris Et ses freres Deifibus Et furent bien deux mil plus And thinks that the autor would not absurdly by Marchis mean such as are mongst vs feudatarie Marquesses but that he vsd it for Horsemen which in later time was applied to this Dignitie Surely there was no necessitie that hee should vse the name for the one or the other but generally for a Souldier because indeed the old Marquesses had in their Prouinces Martiall gouernment Or if hee did vse it for Horsemen as perhaps hee might what consequence is there that thence this Honorary title should haue its deduction But howsoeuer he knows nothing of the old Monkish Rimes and Romants that knows not how vsually they abusd words of Titles Dignities and state of their own age by application of them to Countries and Times where and when they were not What doth Dan Lidgat the Monk of Bury mean when in the destruction of Thebes he saies that King Adrastus sette a Parlement And hath his letters and messer gers sent Through Greece to many sundry Kings Hem to enhast and make no lettings And round about as made is mention Hee sent also to many a Región For Princes Dukes Earles and Barons It must in charitie be thought that none of his Readers are so blockish as to beleeu that the Titles of Dukes Earles and Barons were in Greece Much of that nature is in Robert of Glocester Chaucer Gower and elswhere in Lidgat The l Constit. Feud lib 2. tit Quis dicatur Marchiani dicuntur Petro de Vincis lib. 2. Epist. 15. Imperiall Laws thus Qui de Marchia inuestitus est Marchio dicitur Dicitur autem Marchia quia Marcha vt plurimum iuxta Mare sit posita It s certain iudeed that many of the Imperial Marquisats are in a maritime coast yet plainly had their names from being Land-marches of the State and not from their maritime situation For although the Marca Anconitana Taruisana of Ferrara in Italy as also the Marquisat of the holy Empire in Brabant the Marcha Normannica and Britannica in France are maritime yet Misnia and Lusatia Brandeburg Morauia Austria Susa in Sauoy all vnder the name of Marquisats and then instituted when the Title had a reall deduction from the Prouinces are inland Countries When Charles the great had a designe of Warre against the Saxons he sent for all his forces in Guienne and commanded them thence m Adhdemar in vita Ludouic Pij relictis tantùm Marchionibus qui fines Regni tenentes omnes si fortè ingruerent hostium arcerent incursus Plainly the defending of the Marches interprets their name
Another very n Helmold Chron. Slauor 1. cap. 8. ancient of the Emperor Henry I. hee raignd in DCCCCXX of Christ that after his victories against Worm King of Danmarch he apud Sleswich quae nunc o De isto oppido consulas Ethelword lib. 1. pag. 474. Malmesb. de gest Reg. 2. cap. 2 cui Eâ—theisi Hurtheby Librariorum incuriâ dicitur Heidebo dicitur regni terminos ponens ibi Marchionem statuit Saxonum Coloniam habitare praecepit And Maiores nostri saith p Annal. Boior 6. 4. Auentin vnumquodque regnum quo citeriora eius tutiora forent iuxta Cardines Coeli in limites quibus praefectos cum praesidijs Militum Equitum imposuere diuiserunt illos Marchas hos Marchigraphos appellant The later Grecians from the Italian Marchese call it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Lady Anna Comnena names Tancred 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 where the very Italian is And one q Nicephorus Greg. histor 7. of them I know not why saies it signifies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. The Kings Standardbearer They might well bee deceiud in this Western name as in others they vsually are The ancientest testimonie which I haue obserud of the name is about Charles the Great In his d Ap. Goldast Constit. Imp. tom 2. in Capitulari Carol. Magni cap. 5. Constitution De legia Imperij Transalpini sede tenenda are reckond Duces Marchiones and in other writings of that age Therefore is he much deceiud that * Krantz in Wandalic 3. cap. 16. Saxon. 3. cap. 9. saies the first mention of Marchio is in that of Henry I. Emperor at Sleswic and perhaps as faulty in that he interprets Marquisat by Districtum vnius Villicationis aut Ditionis because the Territories of Villages or Towns he saies the Dutch call Ueltmarcks I doubt not but that Marck there also is originally as before we haue deliuered But as wee haue alreadie shewd of Dux and Comes Primi ordinis so of them both and Marqueste you must remember that all three and that after the French Empire were dâ—stinctions of Name more then Dignity They concurd euen in one man For the Roman times all three are plainly exprest in e Sidon Apollinar Panegyric Anthemio this Comitis sed iure recepto Danubij ripas tractum limitis ampli Circuit hortatur diponit discutit armat For the French vnder the Emperor Lewes II. Trachulfus saith an f Anonym Annal Franc. edit à Pithoeo sub anno 873. Ancient Comes Dux Sorabici limitis mense Augusto defunctus est Comes Dux limitis euery man may see included Duke Count and Marquesse Diuers such testimonies you shall meet with But when other titles in the German Empire vnder Otho I. were by feudall right made hereditary and Honorarie this also among them had the same Change being before with them for life And the Feudall Marquisats of Lusatia Brandeburg Brabant that they calld Of the holy Empire were about that time created In their Language they name them Markgraues i. Comites Limitanei or gouernors of the Frontiers and thence their Monks made their Latine Marggrauius-Obijt saith g In Annal. Dominic Celmariens sub Anno 1291. one Marggrauius de Missen speaking of Frederique Marquesse of Misnia The solemnity of Creating them as of Dukes in the Empire anciently was by deliuery of one or more Banners as in the example of Austria is remembred where we speak of Dukes When this Title became first distinct in France I know not But there also the Count of Burgundy is anciently h Frodoard Chronic. sub An. 921. calld Marchio Burgundiae and Richard Duke of Normandie twixt whom and our King Ethelred Pope Iohn XV. desired to make a peacefull composition sent Leo Archbishop of Triers into England with letters of credence in the i Epist. Ioh. Papae dat Rothomagi 991. apud Malmesbur de gest Regum l. 2. c. 10 same letters is only titled Richardus Marchio So an old k Lips Louan 1. cap. 12. An. 1138. Charter Godefridus Dei Miseratione Dux Marchio Lotharingiae Comes Louanij c. An ancient Autor l Anthonie de la Salle chez Lâ—oyseau des serg cap. 5. of that Country says the Marquesse Est inuesty auec vn anneau de Ruby But the Ring is now turnd into a Crown or Coronet which they call mâ—slée mixt that is part Fleuronée and part perlée because the Marquesse is as it were participating of both twixt Duke and Count. Yet they haue by a distinction giuen presedence to some ancient Counts before some ancient Marquesses as to Counts of whole Prouinces before Marquesses of only Frontier Towns and to those Marquesses before other Counts or Gouernours of Towns Nay and some haue disputed and deliuerd that the Title of Count there generally is before Marquesse and indeed the Marquesse of Iulliers m Froissart Volum 1. fueill 24. was as for addition of honor made Count by the Emperor Lewes of Bauiere Yet a late Autor Charles L'oyseau is confident that in regard all the ancient Duchies and Counties which were entire Prouinces are reunited to the Crown and that those of later time are but of such parts as it hath pleasd the King to giue and vnder such limitations the name of Marquesse there is generally before Couut But for this and the like remember that of the famous and learned Alciat Cum in Boijs saith he Liguribus plerique sint Marchionis siue Baronis titulum sibi arrogantes vitae genere moribusque ab Agrestibus parùm differentes Hos pro Ignobilibus habendos existimauerim sod omnino hac in re multum consuetudini tribuendum quae plerunque non eadem vbique est Quapropter in Gallia Marchionibus praeferuntur Comites Plurimùm verò Principalis ipsa concessio pollet Siquidem omnes Dignitates ex supremi ipsius Principis arbitrio pendent qui si velit ea dignitate ornare Baronem potest vt Comitibus anteponatur nihilque eam vulgarem sententiam facere qua tradiderunt aliqui Comitem esse qui decem Marchionibus Marchionem qui Decem Baronibus Baronem qui decem Capitaneis praesit In England as a Dignitie Honoratie it hath not been of great antiquitie But for the name one that n Ioan. Sarisburiens de Nugis Curial lib. 6. cap. 16. wrote vnder Henry II. complaining of Cowardise in the English vses the storie of those wiues and mothers of the Persian armie put to flight by the Medes which came all running to meet their sonnes and husbands beseeching them valiantly to renew the field and finding them faint hearted sublatâ veste as Iustin's words are transcrib'd by this Autor obscoena corporis ostendunt rogantes o Non vini vt malè codex meus typis excusus num in vteros Matrum vel Vxorum velint refugere The armie for very shame retired stoutly fought and had the day and
Pontific lib. 3. videsis B 〈…〉 m Eccles hist. lib. 4. â—ap 13. 28. William of Malmesburie it is that which belongd to S. Augustins in Canterbury of a very ancient hand hath Hengstadeheim and Hengstadeam for that which in the printed is Haugustaldehem and Haugustaldem And from Henstaldehemshire came it seems Hexamshire In it was a seat of a Bishop vnder the Saxons Fisco Regio famulabatur saith Malmesburie quando eum locum beatae memoriae Wilfridus a Beatissima Etheldritha Regina pro alijs possessionibus commutauit Afterward before the Normans it was the Archbishop's of Yorke But vnder the late Queen b 14. Eliz. cap. 13. Elizabeth it was vnited to the Countie of Northumberland How by the Statut of Resumption vnder c Stat. 27. Hen. 8. cap. 24. Hen. VIII most of the Royalties of our English Counties Palatin were diminisht and taken into the Crown is not for this place to deliuer In imitation of the Emperiall name Historians that haue writen of the state of Poland call the Gouernors of Prouinces there Palatini Palatini saith Cromer munera sunt esse Ductorem Copiarum suae satrapiae in expeditionibus bellicis indeque nomen habet lingua vernancula vt Voieuoda dicatur quasi Dux belli siue Copiarum That of Vaiuod or Uoiuod vsd in other parts of the Eastern Europe being I think a Slauonique or Windish word is by later Graecians calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 One of their Emperors d Constantin Porphyrog de Administr Rom. Imp. cap. 38. speaking of the Turks comming to Chazaria saies that their first Vaiuod was called Lebedias 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Libedias the Voeuod or Vaiuod 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. By the name of his Dignitie as his successors he was called Boebodus which is plainly e V. plura de Uaiuodis infra cap. vltimo Vaiuod Vnder the Polak Vaiuods are Chastellans Uocantur ij vtr 〈…〉 to Cromer writes vulgò communi vocabulo Dignitarij quasi dignitate honore praediti addito ferè satrapiae seu terrae nomine But in the Territorie of Cracow the Chastellan is before the Palatin which began and hath continued vpon the dishonorable flight of the Cracowian Palatin when King Boleslaus Krziuousti about M. C. XXX was in great danger of a Russian ambush But no man mongst them may be either Palatin or Chastellan in that Prouince where hee possesses not in his priuat right some Territorie As Poland so the great Dukedom of Leitou or Lithuania is diuided into Palatinats and Districtus as the Latin writers call them Hi vero Districtus Palatinatus saies Alex. Gaguin pro Ducatibus vt quondam temporibus plurimorum Ducum erant computari possunt vnusquisque Palatinatus suum Vexillum quo in bello vtitur habet Eundem quoque Colorem signum omnes Districtus siue prouinciae qui in eodem Palatinatu continentur in Vexillis suis repraesentant nisi quod Palatinatus Vexillum maius est cum duobus Cornibus Districtuale verò minus simplicitèr protensum cum vno cornu But I think that in name do they more agree with our Counts Palatin then nature Viscounts In the Empire and France How their Name and Honor came first Hereditarie Diuers sorts of them in France Mediocres Seigneurs Viguiers Missi Vicedomini Vidames Le haut moyenne Iustice. Clergie men would not iudge of causes Capitall Saxon Ealdormen Vicecomes with them Their Ealdordom Geruase of Tilburie his reason of our Shirifs name Vicecomes The first Dignitie of this name in England His Coronet His inuestiture anciently in France The first in Scotland Prince du Seigneurie erigée en Principauté CHAP. VI. WHat is before of Counts must be rememberd here for the vnderstanding of VISCOVNTS Both the names were first Officiarie and thence grew Honorarie And such as the Counts ordaind vnder them as Vicegerents or the suprem Prince constituted to supplie the roome of Counts that is as the Emperor a C. de Offic. eius qui vicem alicuius l. 1 Gordian saies qui vice Praesidis prouinciam administrabant became at length as others hauing delegat iurisdiction to be some of them of their own right and transmitted their Names and Towns or Territories to their posteritie Vnderstand this chiefly of the Empire and of France Hence came that Honord name of Viscounts in Millan By L'oyseau it s well coniecturd that in France about the time when Dukes Counts and Marquesses began to vsurp Soueraintie in their prouinces the Lieutenants or Viscounts and Chastellans vnder them did the like so that the most part of them which had the charge of Armes and Iustice in Countrie Towns where their superiors left them gaind to themselues perfit Seigneuries but withall that such as liud in their superior's chief Towns and there with their superiors hauing not like means or opportunitie for Greatnes remaind alwaies as at first meere Officers as also those in Normandie at this day And some that from that ground of vsurpation haue turnd their ancient Office into Honorarie enheritance yet possesse but a few marks of Seigneurie nor meddle with administration of Iustice but haue only a certain part of the Royall profits proceeding from the Kings Iustice in their Territorie as those of Burges of Cologne of Villemenart of S. Georges and of Fussy which claim the third as before is spoken of Earles The same autor makes diuers kinds of Honorarie and Hereditarie Uiscounts in France One is of such as either by reason of their first institution being placed vice Comitis by the King when no Count was or by putting off their obedience to their superior Counts and acknowledging the King their only Lord immediatly held of the Crown Tous ces Vicomtes saith he doiuent saus doute estre mis au rang des Grandes Seigneuries pius qu' ils ont Fiefs immediatz de la Corone Another sort and that most common are they which hold of the Crown by reason only of some Countie annext to it and a third which are vnder some Countie in a subiects hand which both last kinds he puts in the rank des mediocres Seignieuries that is of such as are arier fiefs and hold of the Crown but by a Mesnaltie as our Lawiers call it So then in France as superior and inferior kinds of Counts anciently were so you may say of Uiscounts the regard of which difference instructs to the vnderstanding of the Titularie Honor. For the inferior Counts had their Vicarij or Viguiers qui per pages statuti sunt and their Missi which were as Uiscounts Of them saith Walafrid b De Reb. Ecclesiast cap. 31. Strabo Comites quidam Missos suos praeponunt Popularibus qui minores causas determinent ipsis maiora reseruent The name of Viguiers remains yet in Languedoe and is the same with Vicarij both but varying the word Vicecomes or Comitis vicem Gerens But Strabo makes the Viguiers Gouernors of small
also Martiall Either then in imitation of other Nations was that name of Vicecomes applied to our Saxon Ealdormen and Shirifes because their offices were somewhat like Or els being constituted qui vicem iudicum siue Comitum gererent by the King were properly as the ancient and best sort of them in France so calld or as the U carij in the Declining Empire hauing no Superiors which constituted them but the King Howsoeuer the reason of the name giuen by Geruase of Tilburie is much deficient vnlesse in it by a nice construction you make him vse Comes in seuerall Notions He is calld Uicecomes saiâ—h he qued Vicem Comitis suppleat in placitis illis de quibus Comes ex suae Dignitatis ratione participat The errors of Polidore and such that begin our Shirifes at the Norman Conquest are not here worth speaking of or of those which say the word Vicecomes was not here in the Saxon Times But of it as it is with vs Officiarie thus much which I insert because of comparing our Office of that name to the like in France where the Honor proceeded originally from the Office For with vs the Honor and the Office haue no communitie Neither had we any of that Dignitie although the Office in some places hath been hereditary from ancient time vntill Henry VI. He in Parlament made by Patent Iohn of Beaumont Viscount of Beaumont with f Pat. 18. Hen. 6. part 2. memb 2. these words of inuestiture Nomen Vicecomitis de Beaumont Impominus ac ipsum insignijs Uicecomitis de Beaumont realiter inuestimus locumque in Parliamentis Concilijs alijs congregationibus nostris super Omnes Barones Regni nostri Angliae assignamus What those Insignia were then I know not but later time allows him a kind of Coronet without Point or Flowrs on a Cap of Furre But an old Autor g Anth. de la Salle chez L'oyseau des seig cap. 5. of France saies that Le Vicomte est inuesty auec vn verge d'or In Scotland the first Dignity by this name was in Thomas Lord Ereskin created Viscount Felton by our present Soueraigne their Iames the VI. Spain hath some of this Order and Name Twixt Vicount and Count in France is a speciall Dignitie of Princes They haue their names by reason of their Seigneuries erected into Principalities Baro in Cicero and Persius It s signification in Hirtius and old Glossaries Magnus Homo The true deriuation of Baro as it s now Honorarie Mall and Mollabergium Sagibaro Sake or Sach Wittiscalc Saccabor or Sathabor Plea de sakebere Sikerborgh Hondhabend Mainauer Barigild Baro for a man generally and Barones London and the like Ancient and late Barons of France Capitaneus Regis Barn or Beern for a man-child Baron for a husband where vsd Cheorlbearn Saxon Thanes A Saxon Monument of their Dignities Of Eoldormen again somewhat Canutus his Forest Laws misprinted Liberalis and Mediocris Homo A Hyde of Land Hydage and Caruage or Carucage A coniecture vpon Bracton Terra Hydata and non Hydata Minister Minister Regis Tainus The Relief or Heryot anciently in all Barkshire Viro Baro Minister Thanus But the name of Baron not in the Saxon times in England How Barons had their name then The book of Modus Ten. Parliamenti Barones and Pares Baronum Illustres equites Romanorum The Title of Prince not without Barons Barons to subiects and Barones Regis The Value of Reliefs of Dignities When they began certain for a Baronie A coniecture when the value of a Baronie began Court Baron Baronagium and Barnagium Bernage Baronie in our law for Seigneurie Tenere per Baroniam CCL Baronies reckond by Hen. III. His Ordinance touching what Barons should come to Parlament The ancientest sommons extant The Grand Charter first granted A Parlament held XVIII Hen. III. transcribd out of an obscure Roll touching Assises of Darrein Presentment Iuris Vtrum and Certificat of Bastardie with the Barons names subscribd And therein Bracton amended Barons by Writ and by Creation Those two sorts now only in being A respect to the Tenure per Baroniam after the allowing them only the title which were sommond Barons ratione Officij as Abbots and Bishops Chief Baron of England Barons calld Lord or Domini How in legall proceeding Lords Barons and Earles only by Curtesie and Court language Thanes of Scotland Stewarts Abthan The beginning of the Royall name of Stewart there Tosche Ochern The first mention of Barons in Scotish Monuments What their Baron is Pit and Gallows How the name is generally taken there Acts touching which of their Barons must come to Parlament Commissares of the Shire The difference of their Lords and Lairds The English and Scotish Parlamentarie Barons of a superior note then the French Los Ricos hombres Valuasores and Capitanei Regis vel Regni The Feudalls interpreted otherwise then the vulgar opinion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Valuasores minores Minimi Valuasini Vauasors in France Vauassouries Sommage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vauasors in England Countors Subuasores in Scotland CHAP. VII NExt after Viscounts follow BARONS A title of frequent note in most parts of Christendom and about whose etymologie most disputation and inquirie is Barons are in some Countries in all anciently where they were at all Lords of their denominating Territorie with some Iudiciall gouernment but beneath the Dignities before spoken of both in largenes of Territorie and neernes to Soueraintie and how they differ in substance from other Titles in their Originall what wee shall say of Particular States will best discouer But first for the Name The word alone is very ancient and of pure Latine In Cicero you read a Epist. ad Attic lib. 9. Ep. 11. Apud Patronem reliquos Barones te in maxima gratia posui herculè merito tuo feci And in another place b De Finibus lib. 2. Haec cum loqueris nos Barones stupemus tu videlicet tecum ipse rides And two other passages in him as Elias Uinetus reads them haue Baro in the singular number where some of the publisht books haue and that most properly Verò the coniunction I will confesse that as yet I haue not throughly learnd what Barones signifies to Cicero in his first place yet I know some haue dar'd to think it there vsd as neer to what it now interprets in the Rank of Dignities They shall and may for me I cannot But in the second I am somewhat confident that if the Reading be not corrupt it is not vnfitly exprest into our word Block-head or the Latine Bardus The Text of Tully there iustifies it and a Satyrist that c Persius Satyr 5. vbi videsis Eliam Vinetum that liud vnder Nero by the correction of best Critiques according to best copies hath Iura Sed Iuppiter audiet Eheu Baro regustatum digito terebrare salinum Contentus perages si viuere cum Ioue tendis Where the old Scholiast Cornutus reads
with doubt that before Henry III. as well Barons * v. Camdeni Northumbriam of Earls if of like worth as the Kings Barons came all to Parlament For not only the Counts Palatine had their Barons to attend on them in their Courts whereof see the learned Clarenceulx in his Cheshire But also other Earls and by that name Willielmus Comes Glocestriae Dapifero suo Omnibus Baronibus suis hominibus Francis Anglis salutem saith a Deed in my hands of William Earl of Glocester vnder Henry II. And nothing is more common in old Charters of Earls of those times then Omnibus Baronibus Militibus Hominibusque meis which I would translate to all my tenants of whole Baronies to all such as hold of mee by Knights seruice and to my other Tenants Neither was the title of Prince due to any by ancient opinion which had not some Barons vnder him Yet Earls and all aboue them are cleerly Princes Therefore in the r Th. de Walsingham A. 1278. Concord twixt Lewhelin Prince of Wales and Edward I. fiue Barons about Snowdon and their Homages were reseru'd to Lewhelin quia se Principem conuenienter vocare non posset nisi sub se aliquos Barones haberet ad vitam suam And the King had Barones suos so distinguisht An old s Placit apud Theokesb coram W. de Ralegh ante Pentecost 18. Hen. 3 rot 1. in dors Sussex Record Dominus Rex mandauit Petro de Riuallis quod mitteret ei Willielmum Filium Heredem Iohannis de Breuse eo quod debuit esse Baro suus Homo suus ad Nutriendum in Domo sua And Barones Regis ipsius Archiepiscopi atque illorum Episcoporum homines multi are rememberd in an old plea t In praefat D. Ed. Coke ad Commentar 9. vnder the Conqueror between Lanfrank Archbishop of Canterburie and Odo Bishop of Bayeux Therfore in the Graund Charter you read Si quis Comitum vel Baronum nostrorum siue aliorum tenentium de Nobis c. because then were ther diuers Barons which were not immediat Barones Regis yet at that time perhaps Parlamentarie where also is confirmd that value of a Baronie at CD Marks yeerly reuenue the Relief of the Kings Baron beeing by ancient custom of England C. Marks For the Relief is alwaies in the Dignities of this State the fourth part of the Reuenue as euery yong Student knows and is toucht in the Chapter of Counts Yet note that as touching Barons and Counts that custom was not till K. Iohn when the Grand Charter was first made or K. Henry III. his time For De Baronijs saith u Ita etiam Geruas Tilburiensis in Dialog de Scaccario Glanuil writing of Reliefs vnder Hen. II. nihil certum statutum est quia iuxta voluntatem misericordiam Domini Regis solent Baroniae Capitales de Releuijs suis Domino Regi satisfacere Where obserue the distinction of Baroniae Capitales from such as were of like possessions but Tenants and Barons to subiects And it might be collected that vntill by this proportion of Relief brought to a certaintie and grounded vpon the value of a Knights fee the Relief whereof was by Common law certain the distinct number of Knights Fees for a Baronie was not vsed I am as yet of that opinion Yet such as neither held XIII Knights Fees and a third part of the King or any other were notwithstanding and by reason of their Dominion and Lordship titled in those times Barons that is euery Lord of a Mannor whence as before is said the name of Court Baron remains For in the x 9. Rich. 1. Houed part post sol 442. 443. report of the Aid and Hydage granted to Richard 1. the order was that the Collectors should cause to come before them Senescallos Baronum illius Comitatus de qualibet villa Dominum vel Balliuum Uillae and that for the leuying of it quilibet Baro cum Vicecomite facerct districtiones super homines suos And thus were there in those times three sorts of Barons by Dominion and Iurisdiction Barones Regis whose Baronies were Capitales The Barons of Subiects holding not of the King but by a mesnalitie and both Parlamentarie if possessing XIII Knights Fees and the third part but a third rank of such as were Lords of Mannors but not of so large possessions or Reuenue Out of this may be vnderstood why and in what sense Baronagium Angliae Rex Baronagium suum and sine assensu Baronagij sui or Barnagij sui so often occurre in our old stories taken as well for the King and the whole State somtimes as for the Greater Nobilitie For although Counts had not then their speciall creations into Barons as of later time yet hauing their Reuenue of CCCC pounds they were Comites or Comitum Pares and so the lest value which was the possessions of the Baron the lest of the Greater Nobilitie being so many Marks that all might be comprehended the generall name of Baronagium somtimes Barnagium was applied and in that kind by the name of Baronie one anciently y Gower prolog in Confess Amantis speaks of the whole Nobilitie The Priuiledge of Regalie Was safe and all the Baronie Worshipd was in his estate and. an old z Chez Cl. and Fanchet d Orig. liure 2. chap. 5. Romant of the French De Courtoise de Bernage Ot il assez en son courage Where Bernage for Baronage is taken saith Fauchet for Noblesse perhaps rather for Humanitie But somtimes Rex Baronagium suum is for the King and all his subiects or the whole Parlament representing them And so it comes from Baron as it interprets a Man or Tenant as if you should say Rex Homines sui Out of this discourse is vnderstood also why euery Lord of a Mannor hath his Court Baron and why our Plea in the Common-law of Hors de son Fee is exprest in a Mich. 5. Ed. 2. fol. 66. Ms. Int. Temp. Biblioth Cas. VValton Covvike ancient time by Hors de Vostre Baronie and how a Tenure per Baroniam might then bee of a subiect as also what is b West 2. cap. 46. v. 23. Ed. 3. fol. 11. Cas. 9. tenere per Baroniam per partem Baroniae and what the demanding of a Baronie by Writ in our year-books is whereof examples are 1. Ed. 3. fol. 9. b Louedayes assise 18. Ed. 2. tit Assise 382. 2. Ed. 3. fol. 6. b. and such more and how the Tenures of all Baronies were in c Case Seigneur Cromvvell Report 1. fol. 81. Chief if you vnderstand as you must the Regiae or Capitales Baroniae Of these it seems was that number of CCL which Henrie III. reckond in his Deuotions at S. Albons Nominauit saith Matthew d Paris Dominus Rex numerauit omnes Angliae quarum ei occurrit memoria Baronias inuenitque Ducentas
to them also a Ualiant or stout man and from that for the identitie of Gaulish and British is no news mongst Students of Antiquitie if one should deriue as litle libertie in pronunciation will permit the word Vauasor it were farre more tolerable then infinite of etymologies too daringly stood vpon A learned a P. Pith. de les Comtes de Champ. Brie lib. 1. man likes well of this from Gaesi and goes further supposing that in their God Hesus or Esus remember'd by Lucan and Lactantius and in the Ambacti mention'd in b Antiquitus In Comitatu Engelberti Teutonice est In Engelbrechtes Ambachte Freher Orig. Palatin 1. cap. 5. Caesar and Festus the name of Gaisus or Gaesus lies hid But there I more honor then follow him To talke here of a communitie twixt the Turks Bassas and Vassi as some very learn'd dare do were but aduenturing vpon much more ridiculous deriuation But when they tell vs that Vassallus is a diminutiue of Vassus it may be beleft although if Goropius his deduction of Salique from Sal which he makes the same with Sadle be tolerable as doubtlesse in his phanatique doctrine when the origination is indeed to bee fecht from Dutch his coniectures are often commendable why might not Vassal be as if you should say Vir Equestris or such like or if Sale be Hall and Hall the proper name of the Lords Court especially in our English Feuds where we call a Court Baron often Halimote why might not Vassal be as Vir strenuus Curti Domini inseruiens But without surer ground I loue to abstain from assertion Thus much for the Origination of Feuds as they are deriu'd out of the Empire or haue been in vse in these Western parts But of their first being at all a more ancient root is found and that vnder the Romans It 's reported that twixt Aeneas and Latinus one head of the league c Dionys. Halicarnas Antiq. Rom. 〈◊〉 was that the Troians should be alwayes readie to assist him in his wars against the Rutili And in the Augustam d Lamprid. vita Seueri V. C. tit de locato Conduct l. licet 35. storie it 's deliuer'd of Alexander Seuerus his Empire began in CCXX after Christ that sola quae de hostibus capta sunt Limitaneis Ducibus militibus donauit ita vt eorum ita essent si haeredes illorum militarent nec vnquam ad priuatos pertinerent priuatus is here oppos'd against Miles dicens attentius eos militaturos si etiam sua Rura defenderent Addidit sanè his animalia seruos vt possent colere quod acceperant ne per inopiam hominum vel per senectutem possidentium desererentur rura vicina Barbariae he means the Frontiers of the Empire quod turpissimum esse ducebat and somewhat like did the Emperor Probus in giuing certain e Fl. Vopiscus in Probo Territories in Isauria to his old souldiers addens vt eorum filij ab anno decimo octauo mares duntaxat ad militiam mitterentur Here were a kind of Feudall possessions but all their old volumes of the Ciuill law haue nothing that touches Feuds either in name or substance as they truly are The neerest like them is their Emphyteusis and ius f v. Mynsinger ad Instit. tit de de locat conduct §. Adeo Emphyteuticarium agreeing almost with our Fee Farm or socage tenure Neither of both which according to the Emperialls are to bee called Feuds although they as well as Militarie possessions in our law are so vsually named Some others I know suppose Militarie Feuds euen as ancient as Roman Colonies but they deceiue their Readers The tenants of the Empire as well mediat as immediat were all bound to be attendant in a place called Roncaliae vpon Po not farre from Piacenza when the Emperor went to be crownd and he that made default forfeited his Fief An old g Otho Frisiagens de gest Frederic lib. 2. cap. 12. autor thus deliuers it Est consuetudinis Regum Francorum quae Teutonicorum vt quotiescunque ad sumendam Romani imperij Coronam militem ad transalpizandum coegerint in praedicto Campo Roncalijs mansionem faciant Ibi ligno in altum porrecto scutum suspenditur vniuersorúmque equitum agmen Feuda habentium ad excubias proxima nocte Principi Faciendas per Curiae praeconem exposcitur quod sectantes qui in eius Comitatu fuerunt singuli singulos beneficiatos suos per praecones exposcunt At sequenti die quicunque nocturnis vigilijs defuisse deprensus fuerat denuò ad praesentiam Regis aliorúmque principum vel virorum illustrium euocatur sicque omnes omnium Beneficiati qui sine bona voluntate Dominorum suorum Domi remanserunt in Feudis condemnantur And not only Lay but Ecclesiasticall Fiefs were subiect to this Militarie Tenure and Forfeiture In England before the Normans plainly were militarie Fiefs although not in like manner as since That h Canut leg cap. 69. vide leg Confess cap. 21. law of K. Knout for the certaintie of Heriots paid only in Martiall Furniture proues it and that their Earls and Thanes were bound to a kind of Knights seruice And in those times so were it seems all the lands of the Kingdom except some priuiledged with greatest immunities if at least held of the King or Crown mediatly or immediatly For although there be a i Ingulphus Malmesburiens Charter extant of K. Ethelulph wherby Ecclesiastique freedom is granted generally and that the Church should be free from all secular seruice and sine Expeditione Pontis extructione Arcis Munitione which yet may be vnderstood as for an exception yet diuers Charters are anciently giuen as great and religious fauors by Saxon Kings which vsually reserue those three repairing of Bridges Tax for Warre and Castle gard or repairing them as of what no land should or could be discharged They are called by a speciall name Trinoda Necessitas in a Patent k Chart. Archiepisc Cant. A. Chr. DCLXXX by K. Cedwalla to Wilfrid first Bishop of Selesey giuing him Paganham now Pagham in Sussex and vnder the Diocese of Chicester whither from Selesey the See was translated Whereupon it was well noted when Pope l 28. Hen. 3. Matth Paris Consulas licet hinc interpreteris Responsum Kniueti in 44. Ed. 3. fol. 25. a. Celestin IV. endeuoring his grieuous exactions from Church-liuings in this State vnder Henry III. a consultation was about to what duties Churchmen by reason of their possessions were subiect that the old Kings of England were not so lauishly indulgent in their Grants to Churchmen quin tria sibi semper reseruarent propter Publicam Regni vtilitatem videlicet Expeditionem Pontis Arcis reparationes vel refectiones vt per ea resisterent Hostium incursibus And Ethelbald K. of Mercland Concedo vt omnia monasteria
Ecclesiae Regni mei à Publicis vectigalibus Operibus Oneribus absoluantur nisi instructionibus Arcium vel Pontium quae nunquam vlli possunt relaxari But these were not so much by reason of Tenure as generall subiection to occasions of State and accidentall necessitie and supply of wants to common good Those kind of Militarie Fiefs or Fees as wee now haue were not till the Normans with whom the custom of Wardships in Chiualrie they began not vnder Hen. III. as most ignorantly Ranulph Higden the Monk of Chester and Polydore tells you came into England But before that Wards were in Scotland if their Stories and laws of Malcolm II. deceiue not When he distributed the Kingdom into Tenancies then Omnes Barones saith his laws concesserunt sibi Wardam Releuium de haerede cuiuscunque Baronis defuncti ad sustentationem Domini Regis although Buchanan rather guesses that Scotland had this custom by imitation of the English or Normans But in this Malcolm's time Wardships were not at all in England Of the originall and vse of Militarie Feuds thus much With the Roturier or base tenures this place hath not to do Only a word or two of the names of Feudum and Alodium The deriuations of both are diuers For Feudum I am somwhat confident that its root is in Fides howeuer by different writing thence varied and from it is our word Feild which was anciently Feud and Feuld as in the names of Rotherfeud and Losfeuld for Rotherfeild and Losfeild occurring with diuers like in old Rolls is apparant The Vassals are stiled Fideles in Latin and Drudi i. True from the same word in Teutonique From what others herein multiplie but rouing farre fâ—om the mark I purposely abstain and from the coniecture of some because they are too ridiculous Alodes or Alodium signified anciently what in the more strict sense Enheritance doth in our law that is lands descended from the ancestor and Alodes and Comparatum are m Vide quae adnotanit H. Bignon ad Marculph Formul lib. 1. cap. 12. opposed often as Purchase and Enheritance Now euery Feud or Fief paid a Releif or Heriot vpon death of the tenant and the Heir or successor came in alwaies as at this day in some fashion of a new Purchase But where no tenure was there the enheritance discended freely to the Heire who claimd it alwaies meerly from his ancestor Out of this difference I imagin the names of Feudum and Alodium were translated to make that distinction which is vsually twixt them whence Alodium now abusiuely denotes chiefly lands possest without seruice or subiection except only acknowledgment of superioritie in the Giuer This may hold better then that from Leudes or any which I haue seen An example of Alodes or Alodium the great Lawier Hotoman specially takes out of an old Charter made to one Paulan by our King Athelstan which is n Hector Boeth lib. 16. rememberd to haue bin found amongst the spoiles of Warre in Westmerland by the Scots vnder their Robert II. As the words were I insert it I King Athelstan Giues to Paulan Oddan and Roddan Al 's guyde and as faire Al 's euer thai mine wair And tharto Witnesse Maulde my wife The simplicitie of that age is euen pictur'd in it An age when misnomers misrecitals being deceiud such like did not make void the Kings Patent Nor doth it in substance differ from the Conquerors gift of the Palatinat of Chester whereof before And both in this of Athelstan that of the o Apud Camden in Essexia Hundred of Dauncing and Chelmer by the Confessor to Randolph Peperking and others extant of about the Conquest shew the affectation that age had to Riming in Charters Wheras now Prose without difficultie makes not one sufficient This of Feuds belongs more specially to the Dignities alreadie spoken of but also hath its vse in the vnderstanding of the nature of our ancient Knights in regard of the tenure of their Fees to whom wee make the next passage Knights Time of taking the Virilis Toga Custome of the Gaules in their Childrens taking arms Of the Germans Adoption per arma The Custome of the Longobards for the Kings sonne sitting at Table with his father Knighting by Girding with a Sword Cingulum Militiae Amittere Cingulum Som not comming in sight of the Emperor but Cincti Minerua Zosteria Balteus Knighting by a blow giuen on the eare anciently in the Empire First Mention of a knight made in England The ancient and holy ceremonies in Knighting The Marshall's fee anciently at a Knighting Kings Knighted by their Subiects Subiects Knighted by Subiects although not Lieutenants Eques Auratus One Prince may Knight in another's Territorie Infanciones Freedom to a Villain by Knight-hood Knighting by Los Ricos hombres in Spain A Knights Fief or Fee Who may be compeld to take the Order Census Equestris Miles sine Terra Inquisition of such as held Knights Fees and yet were not of the Order A Knight's Furniture by our law anciently not subiect to an Execution The Armes of a Knight descending to the Heire Ius Sigilli in a Knight Gold Rings and ius Aureorum Annulorum in Rome Their Equestris Ordo Ancient fashion of Manumission in England Seales when first in England The generall vse of them in most Nations The Iewish instruments of Contracts Their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Starra in the old Rolls Triall by a Iurie of Iews and Christians and their othes Difference of Paruum Sigillum and Magnum Sigillum Aide a faire Fitz Cheualer de Rancome de Marriage Of what lands and when the first and third kindes are to be leuied The name of Knight in most languages from a Horse What it is and whence in our and the German vse Cnihtes Rodknights Miles and Chiualer one Seuerall Notions of Miles oppos'd against Sokmans Burgesses Villains Tenants in Ancien demesn and Seruientes Liberi Homines Solidarij Knights Bachelors Som coniectures whence that name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Buccellatum The fashion of Degrading a Knight The example of Sir Andrew Harkley Of Sir Ralph Grey Losse of the hand to a base fellow striking a Knight CHAP. IX HOweuer diuers Orders of Knighthood being there are mongst them which take precedence of KNIGHTS of the Spurre or those which generally are known by the name of Knights yet by institution and vse of all States They are the ancientest and shall here go first because also the other Orders are but late attributs according to the seuerall inuentions of particular Princes As in Rome Children vntill XIV yeers of age for so will the time be although some places of good autors misconceiud hath perswaded som otherwise vsing their Toga praetexta the ensigne of Infancie did then take VirilisToga or habiliment of manhood according to the increasing hopes of their worth so in the Northern parts of Europe about that age the sonnes of Princes and others of Noble Rank vsd to
contraire vel contradicerè creditor potest scilicet ipsum sigillum in Curia recognoscenda suum esse c. The like out of that y 33. Hen. 2. apud D. Ed. Coke in praefat ad lib. 3. Fine in the Countie twixt Walter of Fridastorp and Helias his sonne and Iohn of Beuerley leuied vnder Hen. II. and sealed with the seals of the Father and Sonne Either then the Chronicle of Abingdon misinstructs or els it wills that the Earle of Chester being yet not of the order of Knighthood vsed his mothers seale that is such a one as hers was without difference because perhaps after the order receiud som change was to bee added to his For Du Tillet cites an old iudgment of the yeer M. CCC LXXVI wherin he saith an Esquire dicitur cum Equestrem Ordinem suscipit sigillum mutare But hee speaks it only of Burgundie Others being moud by the Monkish z Chron. Abb. de Bello apud G. Lambard in Itin. Cantij pag. 405. report touching Richard Lucy chief Iustice of England his finding fault with a mean man for vsing a seale vnder Henrie II. think that in those times they were peculiar to men of the greater fashion and that they became common not till about Edward III. Indeed diuers Charters were in the Norman times before that made without seales yet an old * Bracton lib. 2. de acq rer dom cap. 16. §. 12. Lawier vnder Hen. III. requires them as an essentiall part of a Deed. Nor doth any one reason more moue me to beleeu the ancient and promiscuous vse of them here then because for the most part all Nations had them and in their Writings and Deeds in one sort or another vsd them And howeuer a Hist. Nat. 33. cap. 1. Plinie affirms that Egypt and the East were only contented with letters omitting seals yet its certain that the Iews had them and in ancient time often when they made a contract two Deeds were writen one contayning the contract at full with all couenants and conditions which was folded vp and sealed b v. Ierem. cap. 32. Ios. Scalig Elench Trihaeresij cap. 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Tobit cap. 7. with the buyers seale the other containing a generall recitall of what thing only the Contract was and this last was shewd open to witnesses who inscribd their names on the backside of boh That so the Witnesses or standers by might not know the summe time of Redemption or such like yet bee able to iustifie the truth of the instrument comprehending them by the inscription of their names The Seale they calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Deed or instrument writen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sephor which is a book also but the c Elias in Thisbite Rabbins expresse their Deeds Releases Obligations and the like by the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Shetar or Setar whence the word Starrum or Starr◠for Acquitances or writen testimonies of Contracts is vsd So must you vnderstand it in that Roll in the Tower of Placita apud Scaccarium Iudeorum de Termino Paschae anno Regni Edwardi nono of Edward the first Salomon de Stanford Iudeus recognoscit per Starrum suum occurres there and an Acquitance or Release by the name of starrum is there d 9. Ed. I. Iudeorum Rot. 4. Pasch. Norff. rot 5. in dors rot 6. Sutht ferè passm in Schedis illis pleded to haue been tried before the Shirife at Norwich by a Iurie of Sex probos legales homines sex legales Iudeos de Ciuitate Norwici and found to haue been the Deed of one Genta a woman Iew of Gloucester whereupon one Alice the widow of Clement of Poringlond was quit against the King then clayming vpon speciall occasions all duties which were owing to the Iews in England The like kind of trials are there in the case of one Eustace of Peccham in Kent of Salomon Bensalomon in Hampshire and diuers others Where by the way obserue it seems the Iews of the Iurie were charged by oth taken vpon the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 e Liber legis i. the books of Moses held in their armes and by the name of the God of Israel which is mercifull with formall additions of words which they vsed as Christians vpon the Euangelists For a Rabbin that l Rabbi Moses Mikotzi in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 praecept 123. liud in time of Henrie III. saies that so was an oth to bee taken by his countrie men although in a iudiciall precedent yet remaining of Constantin Porphyrogennetus he liud about CCC yeers before diuers other and strange ceremonies were to be vsed If you desire them search them where they g In lib. 2. Iuris Graeco Romani are publisht The Romans had their Annuli signatorij and sigillaricij as Uopiscus calls them destinat as well to sealing of writings as vse in the house in steed of locks h Satyr 13. Inuenal Uana superuacui dicunt Chirographa ligni Arguit ipsorum quos litera gemmáque Princeps Sardoniches loculis quae custoditur eburnis What 's gemma Sardoniches but the Seale cut in that stone Of the i Polyb. hist. 6. Graecians as plain testimonie is And of all enough more The seale being a speciall ensigne of credit and therefore so fitly vsd Nec plus habere quam vnum licebat saith Ateius k Macrob. Sat. 7. cap. 13. Capito of Seale Rings and the ancient Roman times nec cuiquam nisi libero quos solos fides decerneret quae signaculo continetur And it s affirmd mongst the Graecians that before the inuention of Seales cut in fit matter the vse was to seale with pieces of wood eaten and gnawen by l Philostephan apud Hesychium in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Is. Tzetz ad Lycophronem wormes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which could not but giue impression and that Hercules first vsd that kind of Seale whence Lycophron hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. a worm-eaten Seale I perswade you not to bee prodigall of your faith to such Grecian coniectures Think of them as they deserue But mongst our ancestors as the king had his Great and lesse or Priuie Seale so at least Gentlemen and their superiors a like distinction A Conisance in the Kings Court anciently shall iustifie it Iohannes de Burgo saith m Hill 44. Hen. 3. Placit ap West Rot. 28. Staff the Roll cognouit quod apposuit paruum sigillum suum cuidam scripto quod fecit Decano Capitulo de n Lichefeild Lichefeud de confirmatione quieto clameo de aduocatione de Herdel apponet sigillum suum magnum praedicto scripto circa tertiam Septimanam post Pascham So much for Seales Among the Reasonable Aides due from Tenants to their Lords one speciall is a faire fitz heire Chiualer to make the Lords sonne and heire a Knight Which is one of
the three reserud in King Iohns Grand Charter to be leuied without consent of Parlament Nullum so the words are o Charta ista est apud Matth. Paris in Annalibus Thomae Rudborne Monachi Wintonienses Ms. in the Kings person scutagium vel auxilium ponam in Regno nostro nisi per commune consilium Regni nostri nisi ad Corpus nostrum redimendum ad primogenitum Filium nostrum Militem faciendum ad primogenitam filiam nostram semel maritandam Et ad hoc non fiat nisi rationabile auxilium And in the same Nos non concedimus de caetero alicui quod capiat auxilium de liberis hominibus suis nisi ad corpus suum redimendum ad faciendum primogenitum Filium suum Militem ad primogenitam filiam suam semel Maritandam ad hoc non fiat nisi rationabile auxilium That aide de Rançon as it is calld in the Custumier of Normandie occurrs not as I remember in our Law annals printed but in the not publisht yeers of p 21. Ed. 1. fol. 66. Edward 1. a release by one Robert of Bentham to the Abbot of Ford is pleded of all seruices forspris suit reall reasonable aide pur luy reindre hors de prison ou ces heires quel heur qu' ils fussent enprisones From the Normans vntill Edward I. these Aides were all vncertain but to be leuied with moderation and according to the quantitie of the Tenants worth ne q Glanuil lib. 9 cap. 8. nimis grauari inde videatur vel suum contenementum amittere Neither was any certaintie of Age in the sonne and heire by the law known But in III. r West 1. cap. 36 Edward I. it was enacted that for the Knighting and marriage of a whole knights Fee should be XX. shillings giuen and of XX. pounds yeerly so cage as much and so pro rata and that none should bee leuied vntill the sonne and heire were of XV. yeers age and the daughter of VII But the King was not bound by this Statut extending only to common persons as appears by Records s Parl. 20. Ed. 3. Art 45. alibi of interceding time where the value leuied was greater Therefore by the act of XXV Edward III. the Kings Aides were brought to a like value All lands are subiect to these Aides except only ancient demesne and grand and petit serieantie Tenures as the law hath been t 11. Hen. 4. fol. 31. 10. Hen. 6. Auowry 267. Anc. dem 11. anciently deliuerd One that wrote a litle after the Statut of Westminster I. speaking of Auowrie for reasonable aide a faire fits eign Chiualer allows as good barres to the Auowrie for the tenant to plede that u Briton Chap de prises de auers the Father himself is no Knight or that the sonne is not yet of age pur ordre de Chiualler prendre so that one not knighted cannot claime this aide of his Tenants And the fit age to receiue the Order is fifteene according to that Statut although if the sonne and heire of a Tenant x 5. Iacob c. Sr Drue Drurie D. Coke part 6. Plowd c. Ratcliffe D. Coke part 8. c. Sr Henry Constable by Knights seruice be Knighted in his fathers life time at what age soeuer he is at his fathers death discharged of Wardship both of land and bodie and the Wardship of the bodie of one knighted within age after the death of his ancestor presently ends For the King being suprem Iudge of Chiualrie by knighting his subiect adiudges him fit for Knights seruice his deficiencie in which kind by reason of his age is entended by the law vntill one and Twentie vnlesse the king adiudge him otherwise For their Name that in all places except England hath its originall from a Horse the most vsuall beast of the Warres as the Roman Equites were titled from their Equus publicus being also before called y Iunius Gracchanus apud Plin. lib. 33. cap. 2. Celeres and Trossuli For to the Spaniards they are Caualleros to the Italians Cauallieri to the French Cheuallers all in their prouinciall tongues from the Latin Caballus and in the British Margoghs in like signification For as now so anciently Marc or Marg in that language as other more interpreted a Horse Whence euerie Knight with his two Esquires on Horseback in Brennus his armie was stiled z Pausanias in Phocicis Trimarcisia which though it bee applied to the Celts or Gaules mongst whom also Caesar specially reckons as their chief lay Order the Equites or Margoghs yet without much difficultie it may bee communicated to the Britons And the Germans call them Reytteren that is Ridars a word in a Buchanan Reb. Scot. lib. 7. in Malcolm 3. Scotland to this day vsed Old Rimes of b Ms. Of the Horse Sheep and Goose. Dan Lidgate Eques ab Equo is said of very right And Cheualier is said of Cheualrie In which a Rider called is a Knight Arragoners done also specifie Caballiero though all that partie Is name of Worship and so took his ginning Of Spores of gold and chiefly Riding As all these in this Western part expresse a speciall honor implying abilitie of martiall seruice with horse so the old Greeks attributed not to a great man a better name then what truly was the same with euery of those That is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whence Hecuba c Euripid. in Hecuba calls Polymestor King of Thrace 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Homer 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nestor So the chief men and of best worth in d Herodot lib. 〈◊〉 Chalcis were known by the Title of Hippobatae i. Equites But our English calls them Knights the word signifying a Minister Scholer or Disciple Leornung Cnihts is vsd for the Disciples in the old Euangelists of the Saxons as most worthie Clarenceulx hath noted And it was taken also for the yonger sort Tyrones or such like For where the Latine of venerable Bede hath of King Sigibert instituit Scholam in qua Pueri literis erudirentur the e Habes apud Caium de Antiq. Cantabrig lib. 1. English-Saxon hath he sceole gesette on ðaere cnihtas geonge men gesette getyde laerde i. hee instituted a Schoole and placed in it Cnihtes Knights and yong men both furnished and learned At this day a Diener seruant or vallet is both in Alemanique and Belgique called Ein Knecht And to this sense in Cnichtas in the translation of Bede perhaps hath tyro and tyrocinium allusion in those Monks which thereby expresse somtimes a Knight and Knighthood But as it goes for the Titularie name of this Honor I suppose it rather for a Minister or Seruant denoting that one which had vndertaken the Order was a Martiall minister or seruant known and as it were in perpetuall seruice retained for the State And that as Comes and Baro from their
40. Common law grown verie diuers from what the words are And the amerciament for the in misericordia of an Earle Baron and Bishop is fiue pound in certain and the books giue the reason where that amerciament occurres because they are Peers of the Realm And since Dukes haue been here theirs is accounted x 19. Ed. a sol 9. v. 38. Ed. 3. fol 31. a. 21. Ed. 4. fol. 77. Br. tit Amerciament 47. ten pounds But for the Paritie of those which should amerce the 〈…〉 seems that euen when the Grand Charter was granted the Barons of the Exchequer and the Kings lustices were held for their sufficient Pares Out of Bracton is my Testimonie Comites verò vel Barones saith hee non sunt amerciandi nisi per Pares suos secundum modum delicti hoc per Barones Scaccarij vel coram ipse Rege Therefore in a Writ of Right brought against Henry Earle of Northumberland y 1. Hen. 6. sol 7. a. vnder Henrie VI. where vpon Battell ioynd and default iudgment finall was to be giuen against the Earl with the in Misericordia the addition in the expressing of it on the Bench saies Mes in tant que le Counte est vn Peer de Realm il sera amercie par ces peers solonque lestatute pur ceo Nous mittons amerciament en certain And although in this point of Amerciament a Bishop be in the smae degree with a lay Baron yet for triall z Temp. Hen. 8. tit Triall 142. de Episcopo Rosfensi by his Peers in capitall crimes he is otherwise because that is personall and his being a Baron is ratione Officij Tenurae not of personall Nobilitie Yet also in cases touching his estate as in Reall actions or personall which may touch his Realtie hee hath the prerogatiue of a lay Baron as not to haue the Iurie returnd vpon a a 13. Ed. 3. Chalenge 115. Enquest 43. 8. Eliz. Dy. fol. 246. vide Plowd Com. 1. c. Newdigat 14. 15. â—lizab Dy. fol. 318. a. Uenire facias without a Knight in it which for both lay and spirituall Barons is allowd for a good challenge to the Array as a priuiledge of Nobilitie The reason of that double Parity in England that is that all Barons and Dignities aboue them are Peers of the Realm and all other vnder them are Peers also mongst themselues I imagined to proceed from the Feudall Customes of Pares Curtis Domus or Palatij For as all Tenants eyther Knights Squires or Yeomen Freemen to the King or Subiect are in regard of their Lords Court and their own like Tenancies Peers known by that name of Pares Curtis in the Feudalls so Barons Earles Dukes and the like being with vs in England Tenants in regard of their Baronies Earldomes and Dukedomes only except those ancient possessors of XIII Knights Fees and a third part which were so Pares Baronum also to the King or rather to the Crown had among themselues a speciall and distinct Parity by reason of their Lords sole Maiestie and might not amisse bee stiled Pares Regij or Coronae because the very names of their Dignities supposd their Tenures of greater note and of the Crown necessarily and immediatly Whereas the other inferior Dignities as they had to do with Tenures or expresse Offices were farre more common as they had regard to subiects Although in this difference a sufficient exactnes of reason be not yet I suspect that a better is hardly found The Pairs and Pairries of France or their Douze pairs are of another kind and as by a speciall honor of State so calld Of them were anciently VI. lay and as many ecclesiastique The lay were the Dukes of Guienne of Burgundie and Normandie the Earles of Tholouze Flanders and Champagne The ecclesiastique the Archbishop of Rheims in regard of his prerogatiue of annointing the King chief of them all the Bishops of Laon Langres in reputation Dukes also the Bishops of Beaunais Chalons and Noyon Earles Of these the Earldom of Flanders being now in another Dominion and the other fiue lay Dignities vnited to the Crown of France the Ecclesiastique only remain But so that the pleasure of the State hath since reordained diuers other Pairries as they call them Bretagne Du Haillan liure 3. Du Tillet Plusours Burbon Aniou Berry Orleans and others Their Dignitie claimed precedence of what other Princes of the bloud soeuer and it s reported that at the Coronation of Charles VI. Philip the first of that name Duke of Burgundie had place of his elder brother Lewes Duke of Aniou vpon this reason But at the Coronation of Francis II. the Q. Dowager Catharine disliking that any of the later instituted Peers those ancient Cl. Fauchet de Dig. lib. 2. being now extinct should haue preeminence of the Kings children so ordered that her other sonnes all clothed in the habit of Peers should go immediatly after the King The first creation of them by the common opinion is referd to Charles le magne and some neater iudgments dare follow it But it s not likely that they were instituted vntill the Dignities of Duke and Earle grew Hereditarie which was not till after Charlemagne Much lesse should iudgment referre them to our British Arthur a time more then M. yeers since as some do perswaded by a tradition in our British storie which the great Lawier Hotoman also assents to Indeed in Geffrey of Monmouth they are spoken of by the name of XII Consules in the life of Arthur and Robert of Glocester in Arthur calls them the b Douze Pairs Dosseperes of France Another and a reformd opinion is that about M. C. LXXX They were instituted by Lewes VII which I could haue soon credited had I not seen that the British storie turnd into Latine iust about Lewes VII his age by that Geffrey of Monmouth as also c Hotoman Francogall cap. 14. Gaguin Chron. 4. cap. 1. Geruase of Tilburie in his Otia Imperialia dedicated to the Emperor Otho IV. euen next that very time had mencioned the XII Peers generally with reference of them to Arthur Which it seems they would neuer haue don although their professions had been meer Poeticall fiction had the name been in their present ages newly instituted And many think and not without good reason that the British storie was although of no great credit yet ancient before the translation Others d De Villiers ad Fulberti Ep. 96. referre them to K. Robert or Rupert He raignd twixt M. and M. XXX I will beleeu that about him they might haue their originall because before him no such testimonie as is sufficiently credible instructs vs of them and the number But I will rather here play the meer Sceptique Yet that before this Lewes France had its Cour de Pairs or Conuentus Parium which after the institution of the Douze pairs kept the name is plaine by Fulbert Bishop
of Chartres his mention of that Conuentus in his Epistles Hee liud vnder K. Robert Neither were they by institution e Bodin de Repub 3. cap. 1. Tillius Comm. de reb Gall. lib. 2. alij otherwise then as speciall Priuie Counsellers of State And doubtlesse had their name of Pares from a proportionat place in Court to that of the Pares Curtis in the Feudalls And were titled from the Paritie twixt themselues whence an old Romant f Gualter d' Auignon chez Fauchet de Dignit 2. calls them Compagnons Assez de mal me fit vostre oncle Ganelans Qui trahit en Espagne les douez Compagnons So do they both in France with vs and elswhere well interpret the Persian g Xenoph. Cyropaed 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. as if you should say compagnons en honeur Some and those of no small note haue thought that the French name of Pairs came out of Patrices or Patricij which indeed were of like Dignitie in the Declining Empire and first h Zosim hist. 2. vide verò libri huius extremam instituted farre different from those occurring in the elder Roman storie by Constantine the great And howeuer in a Constitution of Theodosius and i Nouell tit 46. edit a Pith. Valentinian any that was twise Consul had precedence of a Patricius yet Sublimis Patriciatus honor by the Emperor k C. de Coss. l. 3. v. C. de Decur l. 66. Zeno caeteris omnibê° anteponitur in the gift of it to l Cassiodor Var. 3. epist. 5. vide Subscript Priuilegio Tertulli Coenobio Casinensi Importunê° by Theodorique it 's call'd munus plenarium Dignitatum The deduction of it is from Pater and as if they were calld the Kings or Emperors Fathers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saith m Authent 81. in Praefat. Iustinian of them which in a manner is interpreted in that of his also n C. de Coss L. S. Sancimus V. Cassiodor Var. 6. form 2. Qui à nobis loco patris honorantur Whence a Patricius is call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Father of the State and o Antholog li. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and by composition of the word p Luitprand lib. 1. cap. 7. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wherewith the Emperor Leo about DCCCXC honor'd Zautzas father to his delicate Concubine Zoe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. hauing newly inuented this Dignitie which was not before as Cedren's words are Neither was it new then as to some other Nations but only in composition For Haman in the letters of Artaxerxes is said to haue been so much q Esâ—h cap. 16. Comm. 8. de hac re consulas Plutarchum in Lucullo honor'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. that he was call'd our Father and that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abrech proclaim'd before Ioseph is by r Genes 41. Com. 43. the Chalde of Onkelos and Ionathan and the Hierosolymitan Targum taken for Father of the tender King or tender Father of the King although some interpret it kneel down The title of Patricius was of such honor that Charles le Magne before he was crown'd Emperor had it as an additament of Greatnesse That it was as the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Magister anciently as a learned s Meurs Gloss. Graeco-barb in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 man would I haue not yet perswaded my selfe But of Peers and Patrices thus much Bannerets Chiualers à Bannier Drappeau quarrè Baron Of France Bannerets in England The forme of making Sir Iohn Chandos a Banneret Bannerets not created by Patent 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Baronet Baroneti for Bannereti in old Monks A Banneret discharged from being Knight of the Parlament The new title of Baronet created by our present Soueraign The Decree of their precedence Knights of the Bath France and England The forme of their creation with vs. The Riband they are to weare vntill some Prince or Ladie pull it off Knights of the Collar Torquati Order of the Garter S. George speciall particulars of him The Round Table Della Nuntiata Order Du Toison d'Or Of S. Michael De Saint Esprit De l'Estoille De Croissant Some obscure and obsolet Orders of France De la Banda Of S. Andrew Of the Elephant Of the Sword Of the Burgundian Crosse. Di sangue di saluatore Di Santo Steffano Di S. Marco Peetermen Why Religious Orders are here omitted CHAP. XI OF ORDERS some are Religious only and destinate to some particular actions as the Templars anciently the Hospitalars the Ordo Teutonicorum in Prussia and diuers other of like nature since instituted in Italy specially and in Spain against the Turks in such places where they are instituted and being vnder some Religious Order and meerly de la Croce or of the Crosse. I reckon them rather as officiarie Knights then honorarie and omit them because also they occurre euery where els Others are meerly Ciuill and honorarie And of these some are such as haue their speciall honor in most parts of the Western Christendom others only in the particular Countries where their first being was The first sort of this last kind are BANNERETS and of the BATH and first of them Bannerets are Chiualers à Banier Chiualers à drappeau quarré or Equites Vexillarij from their right of bearing a Banner Standard or Square Ensigne in the warres with their Armes on them wheras Knights Bachelors may not do so The Germans call them Banner-heers In an old French Autor t Anthonie de la salle chez L'oyseau des Grandes seig cap. 5. §. 50. des Cheualeâ—s à Bannier vois Pasquier Recerch du France Liu. 2. cap. 9. Le Baron est inuesty auec vn Drappeau quarré le Banneret auec vn drappeau in escusson that is the Baron is made by giuing him a square Ensigne or Banner but the Banneret by an Ensigne in Scutchion fashion or a Pennon And the Customs of Poictou as L'oyseau cites Le Comte Vicomte ou Baron peut porter Banniere qui est adire qu'il peut en guerre en armoiries porter ses armes en quarré ce que ne peut le seigneur Chastellan que seulement les peut porter en form d'escusson Yet now both with them and elswhere the Square Banner is a proper and denominating Ensigne to the Banneret which is one saith the same L'oyseau to whom the King hath giuen power to aduance his Banner although hee bee neither Baron Viscont or Chastellan but he ought to be of good possession and haue vnder him x. Vassals and such means as are able to maintain a troop of horse Vntill about Edward III they were not in England as the learn'd Clarenceulx well coniectures That King ereated u Pat. 15. Ed. 3. part 2. memb 22. 23. Iohn Coupland a Banneret for his great seruice in taking Dauid of Bruis II. of that name King of Scots
it s mentiond that Richard Coeur de Lion purposd a like vpon som comfort receiud in his wars against the Turks and Agarens from S. George Illabente are the words per Diui Georgij vt opinatum est interuentum spiritu venit in mentem vt quorundam electorum Militum cruribus coraceum subfibulum quale ad manus tunc solum habebat induceret quo futurae Gloriae memores ex condicto si vincerent ad rem fortitèr ac strenuè gerendam expergefierent ad Romanorum instar apud quos illa Coronarum varietas The Kings of England are Soueraigns of the Order and Henrie V. ordaind the King of Heralds Garter for it Many suprem Princes haue been honord with it Why this was dedicated to S. George may easily be known if you remember how vniuersall a Patron he is in Christianitie For although hee be n v. 10. Hen. 7. cap. 20. Statut. Hiberniae now with vs as particular as S. Denis in France S Iames in Spain S. Andrew in Scotland S. Mark in Venice S. Patrike in Ireland S. Antonie in Italy yet not only the Emperor Frederique III. Pope Alexander VI. and the State of Genoa of later time ordaind certain Colledges of Knights de la Croce vnder S. George against the profest enemies of Christ and the Armes of the great Duke of Moscouie are iust as our S. George but also this very name of the Saint is vsually taken for Christ himselfe and his Serpent for the Diuell It s true that our Edward III. made his inuocation at the battell of Caleis Ha Saint Edward Ha Saint George and that Rama or as others o Anna Comnena Alexiad n. Malmesb. lib. 4. alij Ramel where in the Holy Warres about M. XCV a Bishop in honor of him was constituted because in an p Robert Monach hist. Hierosolym lib. 8. apparition Celestial and of the Albati Milites he was affirmd to be the Standard-bearer or Antesignanus is the place famous for his Martyrdome and Shrine and other particulars in the Legend occurre to this purpose yet Georgij saith Pope q Dist. 15. c. 3. § item gesta Gelasius aliorumque huiusmodi passiones quae ab haereticis perhibentur conscriptae propter quod ne vel leuis ordiretur subsannandi occasio in sancta Romana ecclesia non leguntur In the Greek Menologie hee is cal'd Tropelophorus which is so cited by that great Cardinal Baronius But I wonder hee mended it not Plainly it should be Tropaeophorus And an Eastern s Ioann Euchait in Hypomneum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pag. 51 Bishop writing to Constantin Monomachus calls S. George 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And in another place hee calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by which name to the Greeks he was known Of him you haue enough in the Martyrologies in the XXIII of Aprill on which the feast of these Knights is celebrated with great solemnitie at Windsor where the Chappell is dedicated to our Ladie and S. George the Dean being Register of the Order and you may see also Erhard Celly in his late description of Frederique Duke of Witemberg his installation into it by fauour Of the Round Table of our present Soueraign The Mahumedans honor t Cantacuzen Apolog. 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 him as we They call him Chederle which one expresses by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Som talk of S. George born by King Arthur in one of his Banners But what is deliuerd of that Prince is so vncertain that euen the truth of his honord deeds is by incredible reports of him obscur'd Yet by the way his Order of the Round Table must not here bee forgotten Some make his first celebration of it at Caerleon in Monmouth others at Winchester where the Table is supposd yet to be but that seems of later date and Camelot in Somerset is famous u v. Leland Assert Arturij alios by it Of Winchester and the marriage of Igerne to Vter Pendragon father to Arthur Harding speaks as if Vter had begun it for Knights and Ioseph of Arimathia for religious persons And at the Day he wedded here and cround And she ferforth with child was then begonne To comfort her he set the Table round At Winchester of worthiest Knights alone Approued best in Knighthood of their foone Which table round Ioseph oâ— Arimathie For Brother made of the Saint x Sang Real i. Sangue Royal or Christs Bloud see if you will the storie of Arthur Gral only In which he made the sige perilous Where none should sit without great mischief But one that should be most religious Of Knights all and of the Round table chief The Saint Gral that should recouer and acheue By aduenture of his fortunitie It s like enough some such thing as Arthurs Order of this kind might be For out of Heger Earl of Mansfeild his being of it the antiquitie of y Spangb apud Ortelium in Mansfeild that Earldom in Saxonie is deriud and in Denbighshire as Stow tells vs in the Parish of Lansannan on the side of a stonie hill is a circular plain cut out of a main rock with some XXIV seats vnequall which they call Arthur's Round Table But many particulars of it as the names of the Knights the certain number their Coat Armor and such more whereof too largely are testimonies such as they be extant I beleeu as much as a Rablais liure 2. chap. 30. him that saies Sir Lancelot du lac fleas horses in hell and that all these Arthurian Knights are poor Watermen vpon Styx Acheron and other Riuers there to ferrie Spirits and Diuels vp and Down and that their fare is a fillip on the nose and at night a peece of mouldie bread But for the Round Table it seems it was in vse for Knights to sit at mongst the old Gaules as Posidonius b Athenaeus Dipnos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 remembers and that to auoid controuersie about precedence A forme much commended by a late c Gemos. Halograph lib. 3. cap. 9. Writer for the like distance of All from the Sâ—lt being Center first and last of the Table furniture It s certain that it hath been in vse since the Normans mongst our Kings and in France Matthew Paris speaks of it in Hen. III. and Mortimer's vnder Edward I. at Kelingworth is famous in storie But what Thomas of Walsingham hath of Edward the third 's at Windsor before the Garter and of Philip of Ualois his in France receiue out of his own words Anno M. CCC XLIV qui est annus regni Regis Edwardi à conquestu terty XVIII Rex Edwardus fecit conuocari plures artifices ad Castrum de Windsore remember that before out of Froissart caepit aedificare domum quae Rotunda Tabula vocaretur habuit aut em eius area à centro ad circumferentiam per semidiametrum c. pedes sic diametrum c c.
289. like Los Ricos Hombres in Spain and Valuasors in the Empire ibid. A Barons ancient inuestiture and Banner 353. See in Cheualier and in Grestock and in Stafford Baro in Cicero Persius 258 Barons of the Exchequer 347. 391 Barons of the Cinque Ports 216 Baronagium Angliae Barnagium 277 Barigildi 264 Barn or Bern and Bernage 267 Bardus 260 Barkshire the old custome there in paying Reliefs 272 Bauiere the Dukedome anciently hereditarie and how vnder the French Kings 190 Bachelor Knights their deriuation 336 Batalarij and Baccalaurei 336 Bandum 354. 355 Baronetti in old Storie 355 Baronets created by King Iames. 356 357. their precedence 358 Bath Knights of the Bath 359. seq Bassa and Bassilar 376 Beaumont first Viscount in England 256 Beauchamp first Baron by Patent 281 Bel. 9 Belenus and Belin who they were in the British and Gaulish Idolatrie 9. 10 Belatucadre a British Deitie 10 Belus was Nimrod 6. seq how they came to be the same 9. seq Beltishazzar the name of Daniel 66 Beldigian the Aethiopique Emperor his title 86. 88 Belul Gian i. Prester Iohn 85 Belisama Minerua a Goddesse in an old Inscription 11 Bees mongst them an exemplarie State 4 Benauente first Dukedome in Castile 205 Beta's in the Coat of Constantinople 21 Berosus the true one 8. the false one 17 Besemi Allahi alrrhehmeni alrrhehimi the beginning of euery Azoar of the Alâ—oran and of the Mahumedans bookes and spoken religiously in the beginning of euery work vndertaken 101 Beg and Beglerbeg 377. 379 Begluc and Beglerbegluc 377 Bilinumtia 10 Bishops anciently inuested by the Staffe or Rod and Ring 200. the making of Bishops without Conge d'eslier giuen to Ed. VI. by Act of Parlament 201 Birrus 194 Bishops how Barons 282. 347. wont to sit in the Sherifs Turne 225. when that altered ibid. 388 Bishops titles 118 Bishops how they partake of the Prerogatiues of the Greater Nobilitie 347 Bij 383 Black Prince See Prince of Wales Bohemia created into a Kingdome 28 Britons and Britain A prophecie that the Britons should be Emperors of Rome 38. Constantine the Great born in Britain 37. See Christian and in England and English Breunin and Uhrennin i. King 45 Bretagne The Dukes greatnes there 116. forbidden to write Dei gratia ibid. Of that was the first Duke known by the distinct Title in France 149 Bructerans where they had their habitation 176 Brutes Oracle 36 Breeches how in vse anciently 148 Buccellatum what 336 Bulk Bulcoglar and Bulcouitz 78 Bulgarie the Kings prerogatiue there by indulgence from the Eastern Empire 22. 23 C CArpi Carpisculus what 72 Caradenizi 1. Mare delle Zabach 90 Carachan Carchan a dignitie 89 Carathay 90 Cardarigan and Carderigas dignities 90. 91 Calendar 378 Carniola Dukedome to be made by the Archduke 193 Carpaluc 1. Mare delle Zabach in Scythian 90 Cafe the place heretofore of the inauguration of the Sophi 95 Cap of Purple of the Moscouite 152 Cappa Honoris 207. 239 Capitaneus and Capitania 265. 289 Caesar and Caesarea Celsitudo giuen to the Grand Signior 104 Caesar Iul. how he refused the name of King 19. Caesar how that Title began in the Empire 69. when in the Successors apparant 170. it signifies an Elephant 69. 70 Caesar as it was a dignity in the Eastern Empire 171. 122 Capitales Baroniae 276 Capita Captiuitatis 154 Capellani or Chaplains whence so call'd 243 Caduceus of Mercurie 155 Caruagia and Carucagia 270 Causia the Macedonian Cap. 145 Capcanus 91 Canis in the Scaligeran Family 92 Canopie born by whom 216 Cam or Can See Cham. Caliph See Chaliph Caspian Sea or Mer de Bachu 106 Catholique the Title of Spain 80. 131 Caualieri di Sprone di Collana 383 Celebalatzaijr 1. the Procyon 13 Celts a genèrall name for the Europaeans 75 Celsitudo 120 Ceremonie in making the Chaliph 95. for Ceremonies see in Annointing in Banners in Sword in Bishops 152. and in Earth and Water in Inuestiture 207 Cernouitz 78 Chaldaeans their incredible stories of 150000. yeares 61 Chaldè in Aethiopia 86. 23 Chaganus whence and what 91 Cham Chahan Can. 90. 383 Cham or Chan of Cathay the Title whence 87. seque his Title 92. and see 98. Champagne Palatins 246 Chanaranges a dignitie 91 Chanoglan 89 Chaplets of leaues worne by Kings 145. 152 Chastellans of Poland 24â— Chaliphs and Chaliphat the ancient and their ends 93. what and whence Caliph 94. 97. Chalifs inauguration 95 Chaliph and Papa being the same 90 Chaliph of Bagdet his Tiar or Cidaris 146. 147 Chazaria 1. Taurica Chersonesus 91 Cheque what 111 Chondichâ—ar a Turkish addition of greatnesse 103 Children receiued at their birth in purple 83 Children like their parents in Praefatione Christ figured in the two first letters of his name 161 Christianissimus to the French 78 Christianitie speciallie among the Franks very ancient 79 Christian King first in Britain 78 Chlouis of France was not annointed King 131 Childbirth See Adam Chester a Writ of Right for part of the possessions of the Earldome anciently against Iohn the Scot Earle there 233. 244. made a Countie Palatin 247 Cheualier euery Parlamentary Baron so called in his Writ 283. whence deriu'd 332. the same with Miles 332. 334 Cheorlborn and Cheorlman mongst our Saxons 267. 268 Cinque Ports 216. See Barons Cimbrians who 294 Cidaris Citaris 144 Citie first built 14 16 Cingis or Cinchis Cham. 87. 88. 92 Cingulum Militis 309. Cingulum Otiosum Dignitatis militiare 312 Cinctura See in Dukes and Earles created Clarissimus 383 Cleargie men not to iudge in life and death 253 Cleta 76 Clito and Clitunculus 176 Cock See in Nergal Collar of SS 343 Collars giuen to Knights 362. 333 Common wealth how it began 2 Computation of years from the beginning of the world 6. and see in the Title of the old Roman Emperors 19. of the late and Christian. 171 Persian computation from their Neuruz 112. from the Arabian or Mahomedan Hegira 163 Compagnon le Roy. 44 Comes 220. how it differd from or was the same with Dux 182. 183 184. 186. 187. seq the same with Dux and Maâ—chio sometimes 213 Comes Matronae 219 Comites Maiores Minores 187 220 Comes See Counts Primi Secundi Tertij Ordinis 183 Comitiua 183. 184. seq Primi Ordinis ibid. Comitatenses Legiones 220 Comites Consistoriani 220 Comites whence the word deriu'd 228. 232 Comitiua Vacans 184 Comes Palatij was not the same with Maire du Maison 243. and of them more there following 385 Commarepani 209. 319 Consilium Domini Regis 279 Countors 292 Constable of England 216 Congé d'eslier 201 Concret See in Abstract Court Baron 273 Constantinople the Coat 21 Constantine the Great first of the Emperors writing himself Dominus publiquely 48. his DonatioÌ„ to the See of Rome 56. 151. he first vsd a Diadem how
that 's to bee vnderstood 149. 152. the apparition to him in his warres against Maxentius 160. See in Crosses and in Britons his law about marriage of his Nation 37 Constantine a name much affected in the Eastern Empire 76. The Turks call the old Emperors there Constantins 76. 77 Conuentus Parium in Fr. 250 Coronet See Crownes Corona Chorona whence 137 Counts See in Comites Palatij Counts Palatin 24â— whence the name 244. See in Palatin Cosmas sweaâ—ing by himselfe 66 Cossorassath for Cosroes Shach 110 Cornwall Duchie 178. 199 Cornwall and Deuonshire 201 Cral Cralna i. King Queene and Crol Crolna 45 Craunfeild 271 Crateuitz from Crates 78 Craig Eriry 215 Cretans alwaies liers why 12 Cro of Scotland 286 Cracouian Chastellan in Poland before the Palatin and why 249 Crimen Maiestatis 118. 121 Crosse on the Globe 159. when first vsd ibid. 160. how it was in the Emperors Diadems Standards and the like 160. 161. 162 forbiddeÌ„ to be made on the ground 162 Croissant of the Mahumedans whence 162. 163. seq Crowns the first Inuentor 136. 142 vsd anciently but to Gods 136 whence Corona 137. whether it were a royall distinction mongst the Gentiles before Christianitie 137. seq A disputation that it was not ibid. One giuen to Hippocrates of great value for helping the plague 137. Those in the Games c. ibid. 142. TriuÌ„phall Crowns 159. how they were in ancient Rome 139. 140 at Banquets 141. 142. whence the Crowns worne in the Olympians 142. Crown giuen by Alexander to Diogenes and by him to his sweet-heart 143. of leaues 145. 152. Crown Imperiall how it differs from that of other Princes 150. 151. Constantins first wearing a Crown 149. 152. Crowns of the Iewish Kings 152 the Crown of thorns 153. It was an ensigne of the German Empire See the Preface Crown Radiant of the Duke of Florence 153. First of the British or English Kings wearing a Crown 153. Crown of Scotland 153. First of the West-gothique Kings in Spain 153 See Diadem Crowns by louers set on their Mistresses dores and posts 136 Crowns for Dukes and who of them may weare them 194. 195. 196. 198. Of the Archduke 193 Bearing of Crowns on Armories 196. 206. 288 Crowns how their seuerall forme was in the Eastern Empire and how they came by coniecture to be so different mongst our dignities 197. 198. Crown of the Despot 172 Crown of Peacocks feathers 57 Crowns see Marquesse Earle and Vicount Crowning of the Rex Romanorum 170. 171 Culzum Denizi i. Mer de Bachu 106 Cut out of the wombe are sacred to Apollo 70 Cutberti Terra 248 Curis in Sabin 149 Cunegreuij 389 Cyrbasia 144 Cyprus Kingdome 29 Cynosura Princesse of the Notthern heauen 14 D DAnemark the Kingdome 29 Daniel named by Nabuchadnezar 66 Dates of Turks letters 101 Daulphin Daulphinè 172. the reason of the name 173. seq how the Daulphinè is next to Crown 173. Epitaph of Humbert Daulphin in Paris 174 Dea Syria Dij Syri 11 Defender of the faith 79 Dei gratia by what Princes vsed 116. anciently by Bishops Abbots Master of the Temple c. 116. 117 Despot what he was and how to be spoken to 122. 171. hee might weare Purple shooes 156. how he became the apparant heire 171 his Crown 172. 197 Delphinus See Daulphin Deuonshire Earle 236. those of Deuonshire in the Rereward anciently in Praefat. Degradation of Knights 337 Deputie of Ireland 57. 58 Dermut Mac Morrogh 57 Dhilkarnaijn See Alexander Diadem or Fillet 19. 20. it vsed mong the Europaeans before Alexander for a Note Royall 138 seq what kind of Diadem was Royall 143. 144. what it was 145. 147. 148. See in Crowns and in Tiar Digitus salutaris 40 Dionysius i. Bacchus deriu'd 45 Dignities when they began to be Feudall 189. 190 191. 192. 195. how they are taken after the death of the Ancestor in Spain 206. The dignities of the old Saxons 204. 225. See in Thanes 268. Of the Eastern Empire see in Despot Sebastocrator in Caesar in Panhypersebastus Great Duke in Duke Diogenes See in Crowns Districtuale 249 Doctors of the Ciuill Law to be calld Domini 55 Dominus how vsd or refusd mongst the Roman Emperors 47. seq See in Constantine A Sect that would not allow the word Lord or Dominus to any earthly Prince 49. The word vsd in salutation 47. 53. Tertullians conceit vpon the first occurrence of Dominus Deus in Genesis 50. and there the reason of the reading Dominus Deus Dominus Hiberniae 55. how the Title began 56. when altered 58. Dominus among the Chaliphs 111 Dominae to women 53. 54 Domna 52 Domnus 52 Doctor OmniuÌ„ Credentium 102 Dolphin See Daulphin Douze Paires 349 Droit de Police 266 Druides their sacrificing 10 Drichten i. Lord. 61 Ducatus Imperia a play 182 Duces Maiores Minores 207 Dukes whence their name 182. 183. seq 191. how the same anciently with Comes and how different 186. 187. 188. c. See Comes Whether a Duke anciently had XII or any certaine number of Counties vnder him 189. Inuestiture into a Dukedome ancient and late 191. 192. 195. 199. 200. 202. 207 A Duke to be made by the Archduke 193. Great Duke 193. 27. some Dukes as supreme Princes 120. 194. 195. 207. 383. 384. First Duke in France by distinct name 199. the Greatnes of the ancient Dukes there 195 196. 198. 206. First Duke in England 199. Dukes before the Normans 203. they were Earls 204. First Duke in Scotland 205. First Duke in Castile 205. supposed Reuenue Value and Releif of a Duke 232. Of Poland 240. See Magnus Dux Dukes in Genesis 208 Dux and Comes See Comes Dux Duces Limitum 183. 209. 213 Ducianum Iudicium 183 Ducales Tunicae 183 Ducall habit of the Archduke 193 Durham made a Countie Palatin 228. 247. called Cutberti Terra 248. See in Haliwerk and in Franchise Dublin See Robert of Veer Duell challenge to it in point of equalitie of dignitie 384 E EAgles born on the top of Scepters and why 155. on the Emperors shooes ibid. seq and more of them ibid. Earth and Water demanded in subiection required and a speciall disquisition about that custome 33 Earldome surrendred 231 Earles value 232. See in Comes c. before the Normans in England 203. 204. 225. Inuestiture of an Earle 222. 238. 239. his Coronet 198. 223. 239. 240. whence the name 223. by what seuerall names titled after the Normans 228. how their Territorie was a part of their name 229. 230. They had the third part of the profits of the Countie 231. 232. 233. the sword of the Countie giuen them 237. 238. It was douoted anciently if they might be summoned out of their Countie 234. Denominated from Towns 235. See Arundel Cheif Earle of England by new Creation 239. Of Poland 240 Ealdorman 204. his worth among the Saxons ibid. he
was as the Sherif among the Saxons 225. 254. and sate in the Turn with the Bishop ibid. 388. when that was altered ibid. Difference of Ealdormen 226. 227. 269. 270 See in Alderman Ealdordom 255 Ebrew See in Tongues Eddin what 112 Edgar written Emperor 25. 35 rowed ouer Dee by 8. Kings 35 his dominion 55. Edgar Etheling 177 Edward III. writing to Philip de Valois King of France would not stile him King 30 Eires and Enquests there 321 Elamits See in Aelamits Elymaei 109 Electors what they bear 158 Elephant in Caesars coyne and the word in diuers languages 69. See in Orders Ely made a Countie Palatin 247 Eleutho whence for Lucina 165 Elhabassen i. Ethiopians 86 Emperor the beginning of the name 19. Those of the East and West differing about the Title 22. seq 387. vsed by the English Kings 25. 35. and Spanish â—6 Emperor of Russia how he vseth that Title 28. How the Emperor is Dominus Mundi to the Ciuiuilians 26. See in Britons How the Emperors tooke their Surnames 72. Emperors See in Computation in Annointing in Crowns Empires ensignes obsolet in Praefat. Emperor of Germanie calld Vrum Padischah 103 Enessarlar 106 Enosha first Citie built of the world 14 Englands King anciently claimed quicquid Imperator in Imperio in point of supremacie 26. 38. Free from the Pope ibid. See in King in Imperator England when how and by whom named 31. see in Ang. in Heptarchie Entimos in a Charter of Edward III. 198 English Kings annointed 133. when first ibid. Crown'd first 153 See in Britons and in Arthur Eorles See Earles Epitaphs 124 125. 174. 36. Equites Romani 324. the Ordo Equestris as touching their Gold Rings disputed of 325. the Notes of an Eques 326 Equites Illustres 275. 324 Equus Publicus 325 Equestris Census 320 Equites Aurati 317. 361 Erdebil See in Haidar Ereskin first Vicount in Scotland 256 Erlic 223 Esau's kissing Iacob according to Iewish Tradition 42 Espee de Dauid Elias 96 Escuyer 340 Esquier 340. whence the name and how in our Languages 341. the same with Knaue ibid. fiue sorts of Esquiers 342. One made Esquier by Patent in Praefat. One retain'd to be Esquier in time of Peace 344. Esquiers attending on Knights 340 Ethiopian Emperor 16. See in Tongues and in Prester Iohn Etheling 176. 177. 224 Exerif 1. Serif 96 Excellentia Vestra 120 Excellent Grace 122 Exercitualo 272 Expeditio Pontis extructio Arcis munitio reserued alwaies in the freest of Sax. Charters 301 F FAtuitas tua Maxima to the Pope in the French Kings letters 117 Fesse and Marocco Emperor his title 103 Feuds there beginning 293. seq something like them in the old Roman State 294. 295. whether the Lombards were chief autors of them 295. seq against common opinion 297. whence transferd to other parts 297. Nobilitie from Feuds 295. 296. Feuds in the Eastern Empire 297. deriuation of the word 302 Feud See Field Feuds made hereditarie 295 Feuds not to be aliened 297 Feuds in England before the Normans 300 Fealtie 190 Fief See Feud Filz aisne de l'esglise 79 Filius Ecclesiae Maior Minor Tertius 79 Fitzhaimon See Mabile Fire born before the Emperors of Rome and Persian Kings in Praefat. Flauius the forename of Lombardian Kings 76 Florence where PP Pius v. would haue made Cosmo di Medices King but the neighbour Princes would not suffer it 30. The Crown Radiant giuen to the Duke by the Pope 153. 206. 207. the Inscription vpon the Crown 207 Flanders Earldom its Dignitie 116 its beginning 195 Foragia 270 Fodrum 270 Forinsecum 283 Franks the generall name 37. 75 Frater Solis Lunae in a Kings Title 62 France See in Augustus in Annointing in Dukes in Bretagne in Christianissimus in Filius and Filz A coniecture of one why they admit no womans Gouernment 176. see in Salique See in Grecian Frank Padischach 1. King of France 103 Frilingi what 177 Freeheeren 283 Furca Fossa See in Pit and Gallowes G GAbriel the Angell and his deliuery of the Alcoran 104. 105 Gabriels wing cause of the Eclipse 163 Gaurlar 1. Christians 100 Gaesi 298 Gentrie See the Praeface George S. what 363. called Tropaeophorus 364. and Chederle ibid. Genius Caesaris 64 Gelal 110 Ge the Saxon particle 222 Gelt 264 Girding with the sword 238. See in the Creations of Duke Count c. Giul a Rose 89 Gian Belul 85 Giaen the Chaldè in Ethiopia 86 Glocester Earldom began 130 Gladius Comitatus Ducatus 237. 312 Gladij jus vsus 312 Globe and Crosse interpreted 159. See in Crosse. Globe in the Turkish Banner 378 Gower the Poet buried and how 361. 362 Golden world a meere fiction Gomman 44 Gods of the Idolaters in Princes Names so of the true God 65. 66 Gods applied to Princes 62. some stiling themselues Gods ibid. Reason why it s a denying of a Prince his Title iâ— giuing him the name of God 63. Iests on them which call'd their Princes Gods 67 Grands 206 Grafio Graue Greue 221. 226 Grafia 222 Greistock Baron 283 Grace 123 Grand Maistre of France 244 Grand Escuyer 342 Greece the ancient State of it 5. the name of Greece applied to some inward part of Asia 75. 76 Greek patches often affected by old Monks 22. Greek affected in this Western part in the middle times 198 Grithbreche 390 Grecians stiling forein Dignities by the names of those Countries to which they were applied 24 Grecian glory affected by the French Kings 258. 298 Great King by whom vsed 33 Gues Guas or Gais 297. 298 Guassdewr 298 Gylas a Dignitie 89 H HAue 1. Salue whence 53 Haudoni Haudonni in Plautus 53 Hannibal the name in Scripture 67 Harmodius and Aristogiton no bondman to be called so 67 Haman in Esther of what countrie he was 75 Han for Chan. 89 Haidar Prince of Erdebill 105. father to Ismael Sophi ibid. why he is called Arduclles and Ardebille 107 Hautesse Hastae for Diademata 149 Halil the Goddesse Alilat 165 Haeresis de Inuestitura 201 Half-koning 1. half king 227 Haliwerk Folks 248 Haut Iustice. 253 Hhabassia i. Terra Ethiopia 86 Hamilton first Marq. in Scotland 217 Hanses of the Goths in Praefat. Haire long worne by the French Kings See in the Praeface Hairs of horse tailes in ancient and late vse in the wars 378 Heptarchie of England vnder one 30 Herbam Dare victos 34 Helen mother of Constantine 37 Herus 48 Henry 11. his conquest and title in Ireland 55 Henry VIII against Luther 79 Hemiromomelin 99 Hegira of the Mahumedans 100. and its Root 163 Helme Radiant 140. Helme Gilt. 288. 289. Hehelguim See Ailwin Henty 1. See in Mabile Hertzoghen and Hertochij 208 Heriots 225. 272 Hehgerefas 225 Hexamshire its ancient names and a Countie Palatin 248 Heeren 283 Herefordshire Lawes 233 High and Mightie Prince 123 Highnesse 123 Hippocrates rewarded for curing a great Plague 137
Hidata Terra non Hidata 271 Hide of Land 271 Hidage what 270 Hippobatae 333 Hlafe afford Hlafford 61. Hlafe-die for Ladie 61 Honor and Reuerence Parents to Maiestie 121 Honor and Vertue their Temple in Praefat. Honorarij Codicilli 185. 220 Holland Earldom when began 194. 195 Holds 225 Holy Iland 248 Horse from it the name of Knight in all languages but English 332. 333. See in Haire Hunggiar a Turkish Title 103. giuen to a great fat Hog by Ismael Sophi in dishonor of Baiazeth 104 Humbert Daulphin 172 Hugh le Bigod his surrendring the Earldome of Norfolk 231 I IAuan vsd sometimes for Syria 75. 76 Iariffe i. Seriph 97 Iacupbeg 105 Ic dien 272 Idolatrie its beginning 9 Iewes their honoring of the New Moon 164. See in Sunne and in Childbirth Their Oaths Contracts and Seales 328. 329 Iewish Kings Crown 153 Ilethyia for Lucina whence 165 Illustres 383. 385 Imperator the name 19. 20. seq See Emperor Imperator Dominus to the Kings of England 25. 26. 35 Imperatori Proximus a Title 172 Images of the Roman Nohilitie in Praefat. Infulae 149 Inferiors to superiors their forme of speaking 114. 115 In Hoc Vince 16â— Infantes and Infanta 179 Inuestiture of Prouinces 1â—1 See in Duke Marquesse Count c. and in Bishops Iudex Fiscalis 221. 227 Ioannes cognomento Digitorum 56 Iohn an vnluckie name to Kings 205 Ioannes Belul for Prester Iohn 15. 86 Ioannes Encoe ibid. Iohn of Sarisburie vnder Henrie 11. requested the Pope to giue Ireland to Henrie 11. 56 Iohn afterward King of England made Lord of Ireland with a Crowne of feathers sent from the Pope 57. and afterwards would haue been a Mahumedan and sent for the Alcoran 102 Iosuah Ben Nun remembred in old columns erected by some that fled out of Canaan into Mauritania Tingitania in his time 70 Iochabelul i. Prester Iohn 87 Ireland its Kings anciently 31. 57. See in Dominus in Henry 11. in Iohn of Sarisb in Iohn King Subiect to Edgar a good part of it 55 Ireland Dukes of Ireland 58 Iupiters Tombe in Crete and his Epitaph 12. See in Baal His statue vsd to be had in Oaths 158 Iupiter Labradeus his statue 155 his statue in Constantinople 159 Iudith her story examined with coniectures on it 33. 34. not knowen to the Iewes but from Europe 33 Iulian Apostata forbidding to be called Dominus 48 Iudas of Galilee Autor of the Sect which would not allow any Prince the name of Lord. 49 Iuliers made of a Marquisate a Countie 214 Ius Aureorum disputed 324. seq K KArolouitz 78 Karm in Scythian 90 Keshish 110 Kelchyn 286 Kessar i. Caesar. 28 Keyser 70 Kentish-mens Prerogatiue anciently to be in the Uantgard in Praefat Kingdomes how begun 2. 3. seq vsque ad 17 King and Emperor their difference in the Roman Empire 20. seq See in Rex Kings in Clientela Imperatoris 28 Kings subiect to the Empire properly no Kings 29. seq King whence in seuerall languages 44 King crowned before born 145 Kings Freind 185 Kings see in Swearing in Crowns in Annointed in Scepter in Crosse in Knighting in Dukes c. Kings denominating their Nations 74. 75. 76 Kissilpassa whence 83. 106 Kissing the Emperors foot 38. kissing the forefinger or hand in adoration 38. kissing the bands 39 40 forbidden ibid. Hands Knees and Feet ibid. Popes foot 39. 40. why the hand was kissed 40. kissing at Farewels 42. Head Eies and Hands 42. kissing of Iacob by Esau. 42 A Statute against kissing the King 43. Numidian Princes why not kist 43. after Praiers and of Charitie 43. That Templars might not kisse a woman 373 Kidermister first Baronie in England by Creation by Patent 282 Knights and knighting some Course in the ancientest times like knighting 306. by giuing the deseruing arms and bauing him sit at his fathers Table 307. 308 Knighthood receiued from whom 308 Girding in knighthood 309. 310. seq by giuing a blow on the care 312. first mention of a Knighthood in England 313 Knighthood giuen by Churchmen 313. 314. Holie Ceremonies in the ancient taking of Knighthood in England and elswhere 314. Fees at the Knighting of a Great man anciently 315. Kings knighted by their subiects 315. by other Kings ibid. Knighting by meaner men 316. by a Knight of his owne power 317. form of knighting now 317. a supreme Prince may knight in any Territorie 317. No Knight to be made anciently vnlesse descended of Noble Parentage 318. a Knights Fee 319. and Relief ibid. by what value one may be compelld to take the Order 319. 320 322. Knight with land and without land 320. a Knights Equipage House and Furniture exempt from execution and issues 321. 322. his Arms discendible to his heirs 322. 323. Knights seale 323. if that were a Right of Knighthood 323. Aids to knighting 330. The Father being no Knight shall not haue aid to make the sonne a Knight 331. Knighting discharges Wardship and how 332. whence the name of Knight in seuerall languages 332. Knights Bachelors 336. 337. DegradatioÌ„ of a Knight 337. striking a Knight punished with losse of the hand 339. See in Bath in Banneret in Orders Knighthood to a Mahumedan by a Christian Emperor 380 Knecht 333 Knaue how it anciently signified 341 Knape Knabe 341 Knesi i. Dukes 27 Kneeling to Princes 4â— the answere of Philip 11. of Spain in excuse being saluted with kneeling 42 Konigin 44 Kopach the Russian Emperours Cap. 152 L LAws wont to bee sung and thence called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 15 Laws Ciuile when first profest in Praefat. Lauerd for Lord. 61 Ladie 61 Lars Lartes 59 Latins 75 Lazar and Lazars 78 Lamorabaquin in Froissart what 89 Laurell in Triumph 139. whence it was taken and of what tree 148 for the Caesars ibid. against Thunder ibid. Lazi Kings might not weare purple 144 Labarum and its form 161 Lazzi what 177 Lantgraue 221. 222. 246 Lancaster made a Palatinat 247 Lancaster sword 31 Lairds of Scotland 288 Letters 16. Lewes 11. See Basilius Leo X. gaue Henrie VIII the name of Defender of the faith 79. Leshari 105 Leuderique Bishop of Breme taxed of pride for vsing the name of Pastor and such like 118 Lewes XIII of France born 176 Leicester Earldom 235 Leod Bishop 225. 204 Leudes what 264 Leornung Cnechts 333 Leitou Palatins 249 Lewhelin Prince of Wales 275 Liuerie and seisin in some sort of England to the Normans 34 Lilith what 164 Limitum Duces 183. 209 Lithuania 193. 249 Liuonia 194. 240 Lindisfarn 248 Lord. See in Dominus in Iudas of Galilee in Hlafford and of the deriuation of the name 59. 60. 61 expressing a Baron 284 Louerd for Lord. 61 Loof and Loef 61 Lodouicus and Chlouis the same 71. 72. 78 London custome 265 Lords in curtesie 284 Lombards or Longobards 294 Lucanicus and Lucanica 72 Lucius first Christian King of Britain 78 Lunus and Luna 167 Lycosura first Citie according to Graecian
vanitie 16 M MArnas a God of the Gazaeans 12 Martyrs how they came to be worshipt 13 Magnus Dux Moscouiae 28. Lithuaniae 194. See Great Duke For Magnus see 382 Man the Isle its Kings 31 32 Maximilian his iest vpon his subiects 35 Martel of France 35 Marian the Scot. 36 Maranatha 49 Mauritania Tingitana peopled by such as were driuen out of Chanaan by Iosuah 70 Maqueda the Queene of Saba 86 Mar delle Zabach 90. 91 Moeotis 90 Mare Maggiore 90 Mamaluchs 94 Mahumet and his Alcoran 100. See Achmet and Abualtrazim Mah. his Alcor his flight out of Mecha See Hegira 163. See Moon Mahumedans superstition 101. 105. See Ali they allow the new and old Testament but say that Mahomets name was in it 100 Mahumet Resul Allahe 107 Magi Magia 108. Magick learned by the Persian Kings 108. but they were not Magi nor were their Kings Magi about our Sauiours birth 109. what Magus was 109. Slaughter of the Magi and a feast in remembrance of it 109. a Magus had the Persian Empire again 109 Maiestie 118 Maiestas how it was vsed 119. 120 Maiestie the daughter of Honor and Reuerence 121. where Maiestie was first vsd in England to the King 125 Magnitudo 119 Marquesse whence 209. seq 212. first Marquesse mentioned and the error of Crantzius 213. Marquisats of the Empire 212. 213. 214. his Inuestiture 214. 216. 217. his place in respect of Count. 213. 214. first in England 216. the name refusd as new in England ib. First in Spain 217. and Scotland ibid. Marchiones 212. 215. 216 Marca 210 Marc. 210 Marchisi 210 Marchera Mulieris 210 Marcshall whence 210. his fees at a Knighting 315 Marchis 211 Marchgraph 212 Markgraues 213. 221 Marchers 215 216 Margus 209 Marggrauius 213 Mabile daughter to Fitzhaimon her discourse with Henry 1. about marriage with Robert his bastard sonne 229 Marshalls Earldom surrendred 231 Marquisat of Austria 192. and of other places diuers See in Marquesse Magesetenses who 224 Martin the Saints Cap. 243 Maire du Maison not the Count du Palais 243. 389 Maioratus 244 Maioratus Senescalcia 244 Magnus homo 260 Mall what 261 Mallobergium 261 Machtosch 285 Margogh 332 Manumission the form in England anciently 327. and in Rome 325 Marsa 383 Mezentius 62 Memento te hominem esse 63 Melas for Nilus 66 Metius Pomposianus put to death for naming his bond-slaues 66 Melech Salomons sonne 86 Melic Sa or Melixa 111 Melophori 158 Messthegnes 225 Mediocres Seigneurs 253. 288 Meinouer i. mannor 264 Mithra 11 My Lord Milordi Milortes 61 Minerua Belisama 11. Zosteria 311 Mikel synods 226. 279 Missi 251 Miles and the different vse of it 334 Miles Terram habens Terram non habens 321 Miramomelinus 102 Minister Regis See in Thane Thegne Monarchie how begunne 23. See Kingdom Moscouies Duke or Emperor and to what Princes he vseth the title of Emperor and to what Duke 28 Moscouitique Kings called white Kings 83 Moscouit his Cap and ceremonie at the entertainment of an Embassador 152 Monsieur 52. 110. 171. the Title of the Brother of France and apparant successor 175 Moon fell in two peeces for a miracle to Mahumet with that tale 1â—3 Moon why set on the Turkish Meschits and in such honor with them 163. 164. 378. much honord by the Iews also and all Arabians 164. whence that superstition and how ancient and large 165 seq little Moons worne by the Romans descended from Senators on their shoes 166. how President of the Saracen Law 166 Mouing the Scepter an oth 157 Moldauia 382 Mustadeini 95 Mumilinus whence 99 Mucharam month 163 Musulmin what 103. 104. 105 Mufti 105 N NAmes to Nations from Kings 74. 75. Of Princes composd names of Gods vsually 65. 66. of Great men not to be giuen to slaues 66. 67. For Names in Greece and Rome See more in Praefat. and in page 229. 230. Of Mabile danghter to Fitzthaimon See also in Iohn Naming a Superior by an Inferior è conuerso 115 Naib and Naib Essam what 94 Nalka 164 Narrator 292 Nergal what 65 Nebo 65 Negush Chawariawi 87 Negush i. King 45 New Moon See Moon Nimrod or Nabrodes 5. Ninus not Nimrod 5. 6. Nimrod how long after the Floud 7. Nimrod built Niniuch 8. the same with Orion according to some 13 Nicholas Breakspear 55 Nicaulc 73. 74 Nitocris 74 Nisan an addition of Dignitie 111 Nigellus de Broke 321 Nilus See in Melas and in Siris Nones or faires on that day in Rome 19 Notaries to he made by whom 27 Nomophylaces their fillet 148 Nostra Gratia Nostra Pontificalis Dignitas c. 118 Nostra Peremitas Eternitas Maiestas c. 119 Normannus Princeps 177 Normandy Dukedom made 194. 195 the Inuestiture into it 198. calld Margus Normanniae â—09 and the Duke Marchio 214. the Duke commonly written as well Dux and Consul 224 Northumberland Dukes mongst the Saxons 203 Nobilitie Greater and Lesse 344 Nobilitie in other Nations generally See in the Preface O OChern 286 Ogetharius 286 Oile poured c. 129. sent from heauen to annoint the French Kings 131. a like tale of Oyle sent to our Kings 134 Olbont 383 Olboadula 383 Oliue to crown in the Olympians whence and what 142 One Deitie supposd by the Heathen 3 Oracle to Brute 36 Orpheus his last will 3 Ordo secundus 385 Orion see Nimrod he is the Prince of the South 14 Order of the Garter 362. 363. Round Table 364. of the Nuntiada 367. Of the Golden Fleece 367. Of Saint Michael 367. of the Holy Ghost 368. of the Star 368. of the Croissaat 368. of the Corn-eare 369. of the Porcupin 369. of the Thistle by the Duke of Bourbon 369 of the Band. 369. of S. Andrew in Scotland 370. of the Ele phant 370. of the Sword 370. of the Burgundian Crosse. 371. of the Bloud of our Sauiour 371. 〈◊〉 S. Stephen 371. of S. Mark 372 Osiris how painted by the Aegyptians 154. whence the name 66 Osculum pacis 43 Othes broken how punished 63. 64. by the Emperor by God per Genium Principis 64. Oth of those which were bound to the Warrs 65. by the Kings head 65. how punisht if broken ibid. Othes taken by the Mahumedans with what superstition 104. by the Scepter and in mouing it 157. 158. and whence the Scepter was sworn by Oth of the Iewes 329 Othomaniques hate to the Alians 105 Othman Ben-Ophen 109 Otho the Great his making Dignitics Feudall 19 P PAdischah 45. 87. 112 Palibothra 76 Paradogium in Praefat. Paluc 90 Papa i. Chalipha 96 Paul found fault with by Amirelmumenin of Barbarie for not continuing in the Religion wherein he was born 102. 103 Padischach Musulmin 103 Pantheion 142 Pastor custos 118 Pastoralis Baculus See Bishops Palatin of Rhin his bearing the Globe and Crosse. 158 Panhypersebastus 171 Patritiatus 188 Patricius 203. when begun for a Title 350. 351. 385
anciently with vs 323. how among the Romans ibid. 329. when they came first hither 327. among the Iewes 328. in white wax in Praefat. Seleucia Bagded 93 Seriph or Seriffe 97 Seithi 97 Senior 110. 111 Serenitas Nostra 120 Sebastocrator 122. 156. 171. 197 Senoi Sansenoi Saminegeloph 165 Seigneurs Suzerains 207 Seneschal 244 Setar i. starra 328 Selefey in Sussex 301 Selden anciently Selkeden in Sussex 321 Sexhendman 334 Seruiens 335 Semiramis built not Babylon 8 Shinaghr 5. 32 Shach Sophi 105. 106 Shach Schach Saa c. 52. 111 Shooes with Eagles 155. See Red. Gilt Shooes 156. 157. See in Moon Shield-knaue 341 Shiregemote 225 Shrifes See Ealdorman and in VicecoÌ„ ViscouÌ„t in Bishops Sixtus Quintus his iest on himselfe for being born domo illustri in Praefat. Sihri 66 Sikerborgh 264 Sigillum Magnum and Sigillum Paruum 330 Siris whence so called the Riuer Nilus Sicilie Princes had Rex giuen them hereditarie 24 Skioldungi a Danish race 74 Soldan Saudan Sultan c. 94. 96. 383 Sophi whence in the Persian Title 107. and in whom first ibid. seq Sophi signifies not a Begger 108. See in Praefat. Sophilars a Sect. 106. 107 Souerraign Lord or Ladie 125 Somerset Earl 217 Sops of wine giuen in making an Earl 239. 240 Solidus duplex 204 Snowdon 215 Sommage and Somme 291 Sonnes of Noble Personages how some of them are accounted in Rank 284. 342 Solidati 335 Soldiers whence the name 335. 336 Spain See in Emperor and in Pragmatica in Dukes Earles Viscounts c. Spurres giuen in Knighthood 317 Spectabilis 383 Speaking or writing to Great Persons 116. 117. 119. 120. 121. seq See in Salutation Stafford Baron 283 Statues and Idolls how first worshipt 9 Stuart that name in Scotland when first Royall and whence 285 Starra the Iews written instruments of Contracts c. whence and where vsd 328 Sunne and its Images how worshipt by the Iews 10. by the Easterns Generall 11. and Persians 167 supposd with 12. beams 140. supposd in Astrologie President of Christianitie 166 Sultan See Soldan Sultan OleÌ„ i. Lord of the world 97 Sultan Gelal Eddin Melic Sa. 111. 112 Sublimitas 120 Sultanlar monie 112 Superiors speaking to Inferiors 114 Surname See Names Summon an Earl in his Countie 233 Summarius 291 Summagium 292 Subuasores 292 Sunni Schia 105 Sueuians old Prerogatiue in Praef. Suppani 381 Superillustris 383 Sword giuen in making a subiect King 29. For Sword see in Cinctura and Gladius and in Inuestiture of Dukes Count or Earl c. and in Knights Swearing See in Othes and in Cosmas Syro-Phoenician Graecian in S. Mark what 75 Synopsis Basilicon 21 Syncellus what 97 T TArtarean Empire 87. 89. 92 Taurica Chersonesus 91 Tangergoglan 93 Tanais 92 Tetragrammaton name of the Almightie whence and how pronounced among the Iews 50. 51 Teggiurlar 77. 381 Temerinda 90 Tenure of the Crown and of the King 266 Tenure of the I le of Man anciently 31. of the Tenants and Princes of the Empire 300 Templars might nos kisse a woman 373 Tecuytles 372 Tiberius his dissimulation 19. 20. he would not be calld Lord. 43. inclin'd to Christianitie 78 Themosis Pharaoh that was drowned in the Red sea 73 Thomas Apostle 88 Tiara what 144. what kind of one the King only wore 144. it was pulld off by the Persians in salutation 144 Thrymsa what 240 Thanes and Thegnes 225. 268. seq Thanus and Thainus 285. 272 Third part of the Counties profits to the Earls 229. 232. 233 Tiptofts rule 284 Thomas Becket See in Annointing and in Oile Timariots 380 Timaria 381 Tongues variation of the Europaean and Asiatique pronunciation 5. 6. Punique and Spanish 52. Hebrew and Maurish anciently the same 69. the Aethiopique Chalde 86. Slauonique and Tartarian 92 Tonosconcolerus 6 Tosch 285 Torniaments 321 Toga Virilis and the time of taking it 305 Truchten i. God or Lord. 61 Triumphall Ornaments whence 249 Tronagium granted 199 Trinoda Necessitas reserued alwayes in Saxon Feoffments 293 Tropaeophorus 364 Troplelophorus 364 Turks names 67. for them see in Mahumedans Turbant or Tulipant 144. 146. 147 Turkish Banner 378 Tzaophi i. Electus whence Sophi 107 Tzodki i a begger 108 Tzaggia and Tzaggae 342 V VAlecti 54. 321 Vashlu point how superstitious the Arabians are in reading it 102 Vacantes 184 Value of Dignities 232 Vaiuods 249. 382 Valuasores what â—65 289 Maiores Minores ibid. 290. 291. See in Vauasour Vauassories 291 Vauasours in France and England 292. and of England in 389. 390. whece the word 298 Valuasini 291 Vadiare legem amittere legem 344 Vassi Vassalli whence 297. 298. seq Velenno 10 Vezir Vezir azem 23. 377 Veromandia 71 Vitreus Ordinationis liber 135 Viennois See in Daulphin Viscounts whence and what in France 250. 251. his inuestiture 256. First in England and Scotland 256 Vicedominus 253. 254 Viguiers 251 Vicecomes whence so called for Shirife 252 Vicarius 252 Vidames whence 253 Virgata Terrae 272 Viro for Baro. 273 Villain knighted 318 Vlu Chan what 88. 89. 92 Vnchan or Vmcham 86. 87. 92 Vnction See in Annointing Volteius Mena Libertus to Pompey 325 Vrum Padischach i. the Emperor 103 Vsum Chasan 105 W W common with Qu. and Gu. 298 Wardships 54. See in Knights Wardships first in England Scotland 302 Wales See Prince 173 Walter Bishop of Ely 228 Werldthegnes what 225 White Kings 83 White in the Diadem proper to Kings 144. 145 Whitespurres 343 Wiltshire-mens Prerogatiue In Praefat. Witiscalc what 262 Wite 262. 263. 389 Wittenagemotes 226. 279 WisemeÌ„ of the East not Kings 108 Wife putting her away and taking her againe one of the execrations in the Mahumedans Oath 104 William Conqueror his arriuall and stumbling at the shore 34. his subiecting Church lands to the tenures 183 Will 11. his deniall of the Pope 26 Wight the Iles Kings 31 Worlds gouernment according to Hermes 3 Women and wiues called Dominae and Ladies 53 Women theeues drowned 286 Wooll 107 Worship and Worshipfull 124 Worshipfull Prince 124 X XA for Shach 111 Xeriph See in Seriph Y YEers See in Computation Z ZAga Zabo 85. 87 Zamer Chan. 91 Zabergan 91 Zelebi 381 Zosteria Minerua 311 Zuna 111 The end