good intentions of his Sister but desired her not to interpose in this Affair that he intended on his Side to give his Mother all reasonable Satisfaction but that she had ingag'd her Self in so many Cabals against him that he cou'd come to no other Resolution about her till a Peace was concluded that as for the Maintenance they demanded for her he was afraid she was abused by her own Evil Councellors as if there was no Medium between granting her all and refusing his Mother a Dowry which lawfully belonged to her and yet Lewis the Just refus'd it her Thus my Lord Jermyn's Negotiation came to nothing and though he offer'd in the Name of the King and Queen of England to ingage for the good Conduct of the Queen-Mother and promised every thing which cou'd in reason be expected yet they would talk of nothing less than sending this unfortunate Princess to Florence where they promised to settle an Appointment upon her which perhaps they wou'd have stopt afterwards No one durst speak a word to the King upon this occasion and the good Prince could not bethink himself of any middle Expedient between treating his Mother with this excessive Rigour only to please the Cardinal and restoring her to her first Authority He cou'd without jealousie behold his chief Minister assume a Power infinitely greater than the Queen-Mother had ever pretended to and abuse it in a more notorious manner and yet it never disturbed him but the Cardinal had gain'd that absolute Ascendant over him and had so far possessed him that without him both he and his Kingdom wou'd be intirely ruin'd and that none but he had honest intentions towards him that he perceived nothing of the Cardinal's Designs However to secure himself in some measure from the Inhumanity which the World wou'd be apt to charge him with in refusing to let the Queen-Mother return since she desir'd it with so much Submission he wou'd not declare his own Opinion in the Council upon this Affair But he ingag'd the other Ministers to give their Sentiments in Writing which he drew up for them himself and they afterwards sign'd They are still to be seen in the Memoirs of * Page 340. Montresor and they take two things for granted first that it was impossible for the Queen-Mother to come back without embroiling the Kingdom and that there was no other way to preserve it in Tranquility but by suffering her to want even Necessaries out of France unless she wou'd go to Tuscany Secondly that as Princes are design'd more for their State than for themselves so they are also more nearly related to that than to their Father or Mother and are not obliged to show them any marks of the respect they owe them but as far as they agree with a more publick and noble Duty According to these Slaves of the Cardinal France wou'd be undone if the King made any Provision for his Mother and this Action of the King resembled the Separation of Jesus Christ from the Virgin-Mary They gave this Advice to his Majesty in the Month of March and their Names that sign'd are as follow Leguier Bullion Bouthillier Chavigny and Sablet At the same time the Cardinal-Duke order'd a Process against the Duke de la Valette who had been received very honourably in England * Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. p. 781. According to the usual Forms it belonged to the Parliament of Paris to judge of it but according to a custom establish'd by this Minister the King nominated some Commissioners of Parliament and of the Privy-Council although the Parliament had remonstrated to him that it was an Infraction of their Privileges and that these Causes belonged to them The Duke de la Valette was accused of Cowardice and Treason besides that he had left France without Permission which he cou'd not do as being Colonel-General of the French Infantry Governour of Guienne and Duke and Peer of France The King order'd the Judges to come before him at St. Germains and commanding them to give their Opinions the chief President humbly begg'd of his Majesty to dispense with him from giving his Opinion in that place being obliged to give it in Parliament if the King wou'd be pleased to send back the Cause to be there tried conformable to the Laws as he was going to prove But the King took him up short and told him That the Councellors of Parliament started difficulties of their own making and had a mind to keep him in Tutelage but he wou'd have them know that he was their Master He addâ—d That it was a great mistake to say that he cou'd not order a process against a Peer of France after what Manner he saw most convenient and forbad them to speak of it The * So they call those Judges in France that make a Report of the Case to the Parliament Rapporteurs de la Posterie and Machaut concluded after a long reasoning that his Body was to be apprehended and then the King spoke to the rest to give their Opinion Pinon began his Harangue with observing that in all the Fifty Years he had been a Councellour of Parliament he never remembred a thing of so vast an importance to have come before them that he consider'd the Duke de la Valette as a Person that had the Honour to be married to the King 's Natural Sister and as a Duke and a Peer and that therefore his Judgment was That this Cause ought to be brought before the Parliament The King told him that this was not giving his Opinion and that he did not take it as such But Pinon answer'd That in the Order of Justice a Reference was a lawful Vote The King reply'd in great Anger That he wou'd have them give their opinion of the Merits of the Cause and Pinon made answer That since his Majesty commanded him he was of the same Opinion with the former The Presidents Nesmond and Leguier said the same thing seeing the King positively bent to have it so The President de Bailleal who had heard at his coming into the Hall that the Cardinal shou'd say That the King wou'd make the Duke de la Valette taste of his Mercy once more said that he approved of the Overture which the Cardinal had made but the latter reply'd That he needed only to cover himself with his Robe to give his Opinion so he was constrain'd by the King's Command to do as those before him had done The President de Meme thought of his Bonnet without saying a Word The President de Novion after a long Discourse wherein he remark'd that no mention was made neither of the Name nor Age of the Witnesses that swore against the Duke and that the process was against the usual Forms as the King himself confess'd declar'd that he thought the Duke ought personally to appear and besides that he cou'd not in Conscience give his Opinion in the place where he was He added that if
Book of Pufendorf Hist Rer. Suec Leonard Torstenson General of the Swedes defeated them twice in the course of this Campaign In Silesia he cut to pieces the Emperors Army commanded by Francis Albert Duke of Saxe-Lawenburg and took him Prisoner and he defeated the Arch-Duke Leopold near Leipsic He took several considerable places and got several other advantages â—ver the Imperialists The Count de Guebriant with some French Troops and the remainder of the Duke of Weymar's Army which he commanded ever since the departure of the Duke of Longueville contributed mightily to these Victories altho he was at a great distance from the Swedes because he obliged a considerable Body of the Imperial Troops to be upon the Rhine Towards the beginning of the year he * Siri Mer. T. 2. l. 1. p. 4 c. entered into the Archbishoprick of Colen with seven thousand Men and five pieces of Cannon The Count de Herbestein joyn'd him with four thousand men of the Troops of the Landgrave of Hesse and nine Field pieces They besieged Ordinguen together and took it by Capitulation altho Lamboi was within three Leagues of the Place with twelve thousand men But whether he believed the Town would hold out longer or that he was minded to stay till General Hazfeldt joyned him he made no movement The Count de Guebriant receiving advice that these two Generals designed to joyn one another resolved to attack Lamboi altho he was entrenched in a very advantageous place and was full as strong as himself that he might not have them both upon his hands at a time He divided his Arm into three Bodies one of which was composed of French commanded by himself the other of Hessians commanded by their own General and the third of the Troops of the Duke of Weymar under General Tubadel In this order he attacked the intrenchments of the Imperialists and after a long resistance beat them on three sides and put Lamboi to the rout notwithstanding all the efforts he made to rally his men This General grown desperate at the defeat of his Army return'd to the Charge with a small reserve and after he had given great proofs of his bravery was oblig'd to surrender himself Prisoner He lost three thousand men upon the spot besides fourteen hundred Prisoners among whom were the principal Officers as well as the Gâ—neral After this the Count de Gâ—â—briant * The 26 of January took the Town of Nuys and several other small places in the Electorate of Colen where he committed great ravages There was a hot discourse this year of a place of Congress to treat of a general Peace and Passports for the Ambassadors that were to meet there The * Siri Mâ—â— T. 2. l. 2. p. 1064. Spaniards for their particular desired to conclude a Truce for two years with France hoping in that time to make new preparations for carrying on the War but France was in too formidable a posture to consent to it and the Cardinal declared he would listen to nothing but a Peace by which he pretended to keep some places to make a descent upon Germany or Flanders whenever the King pleased The unnatural disorders in England still continued and the King being necessitated to declare War against his two Houses of Parliament engaged himself in those unfortunate Broils which he was never able to master and in the end proved fatal to him He was suspected in France to be inclined to Spain and in England to have a leaning towards France The Ambassador of this last Crown having addressed himself to the Parliament after the King had broke with them this Prince was extremely offended at it and sent great complaints of this procedure to the Court of France Lewis XIII answered that it was without his orders and to convince the English Envoy that it was so he promised to call this Ambassador home which was accordingly performed soon after However several persons were of opinion that he durst never have appeared in a matter of this consequence at least without an order from the Chief Minister who for his part was not sorry to have these disturbances last longer it being to be feared that England jealous of the Grandeur of France would declare for Spain as soon as their troubles were over The French Ambassador nevertheless protested to the King of England that he had done nothing but with a design to induce the Parliament to a Peace and it was said in France that it was not the Interest of that Crown to suffer the authority of the Parliament to encrease too much because that Calvinism would be then more strongly estabâ—ished in England and that this Religion might be of ill example to the Calvinists of France But after all nothing was done in favour of the King to support him against the Parliament and in the sequel France openly declared for Oliver Cromwel Protector of England for fear lest he should joyn with the Spaniards Italy which perhaps would have concerned it self one way or t'other and declared for the weakest side was still strangely disordered Notwithstanding the * Ib. l. 1. p. 178. intervention of most of the powers of Italy to accommodate the Duke of Parma with the Barberines the latter not only pretended to keep whâ—â— they had gotten into their hands but that the Duke should go to beg pardon of the Pope They caused him to be cited at Rome to make his appearance there at a certain time under pain of excommunication and as the Duke was better advised than to venture himself there the Pope brandished the Ecclesiastical Thunder against him on the 13th of January Nay they talked of putting his dominions under an Interdict but as they were sensible that all the Powers which had interceeded for that Prince would declare for him if things were carried to those extremities they laid aside that design In the mean time the Duke took all possible measures to secure himself of the fidelity of his Subjects as well of the Laity as the Church-men and continued to make preparations of War necessary for his defence The Pope did the same on his side and it was feared that he would soon swallow up the rest of the Duke of Parma's dominions At last * Ib. l. 2. 3. after several negotiations to no purpose the Republic of Venice the great Duke of Florence and the Duke of Modena made a defensive League with the Duke of Parma to oppose the progress of the Pope's Army in case he attempted any new conquests and to oblige him to surrender Castro to the Duke of Parma The Troops of Venice and Florence were ordered to advance towards the Dutchy of Parma the Modenois to move as the Popes Army should do and the Duke of Parma was ready to make an irruption into the Ecclesiastical State This was the face of affairs in Italy at the beginning of the Campaign in the year 1642. The Barberines being informed of the
deceive the Princes of Italy b. 306 365. Bassee taken by the French b. 295. And re-taken by the Spaniards b. 326. Bassompierre Francis of commands the Army of Campagne a. 36. Is made a Mareschal de Camp in the Army of Anjou Ib. 42. Made a Mareschal of France Ib. 67. His Embassy into Swisserland a. 162. His Embassy into England Ib. 195. Lieutenant General before Rochel a. 218. Of the Army of Susa Ib. 309. Refuses the Cardinal to secure the Swisses for him a. 356. Sent to the Bastile Ib. 373. Bearn The re-establishment of the Catholic Religion in that Country a. 50. Makes an insurrection and is reduced Ib. 55. Beaufort Duke of flies into England b. 352. Bellegarde Duke of sent to Anger 's to the Queen Mother a. 41. Ruins the affairs of that Princess by his delay Ib. 43. Comes back to Court to negotiate in the name of Monsieur a. 325. Belliévre Ambassadour of France in England b. 219. His Sentiments upon the Trial of the Duke de la Valette b. 225 Berule Peter of sent to Rome for the Marriage of Henrietta Maria a. 84. His Death a. 324. The Judgment the Cardinal pass'd upon it ibid. Biscay displeased at their Vsage from the Court of Madrid b. 355 Blainville sent to negotiate with the Queen-Mother a. 33 34 Ambassadour in England ibid. 162 c. Boizeaval Valet de Chambre to the King b. 218 Bologne the Country about destroy'd and ravag'd by Cantelmo b. 328 Bottero Prince of blocked up in Tarragon b. 303 Bouillon Mareschal of the Broils he was concerned in a. 5 6 8 12 13 Bouillon Duke of an Enemy to the Cardinal b. 309. Is reconciled to the King b. 323. Goes into Italy b. 340. Apprehended at Casal b. 345. Carried to Lions b. 346. Confesses b. 348. Loses the City of Sedan to save his Life b. 353 Bourdeaux Archbishop of Commands the French Fleet b. 168. Gains a Victory at Sea over the Spaniards b. 211. Chases their Fleet b. 300. Beats them before Tarragon b. 303. Is beaten and disgraced b. 304. Braganza Duke of made King of Portugal b. 261 Breme besieged and taken by Leganez b. 202 Breves Governour of the Duke of Anjou turned away a. 88 Brezé Marquis of made Mareschal of France b. 46. Commands the Army in the Low-Countries b. 147. The Mareschal de Brezé takes Sens b. 295. Is made Viceroy of Catalonia b. 306. Goes to Barcelona ibid. Brezé Marquis of attacks the Spanish Fleet b. 300 Brisac taken by the Duke of Weymar b. 208. Falls into the hands of France b. 249 Brulard See Puysieux Buckingham Duke of why he wou'd make a War upon France a. 210. Makes a Descent upon the Isle of Rhée a. 212. His Manifesto ib. 213. The Fault he committed ib. 215. Beaten out of the Island ib. 219. Kill'd at Plimouth a. 235 Buel Eugenius defends Arras b. 256 Bullion Ambassadour in Piedmont a. 197. Made Superintendant of the Finances b. 46. At his Death accuses the Cardinal with being the cause of the War b. 315 C. Caen the Citadel of that Town attack'd and taken a. 38 Campanella Thomas his Prediction that Gaston should never be King a. 292 Cantelmo d'André ravages the Country about Bologne b. 328 Capelle taken by the Spaniards b. 169. Retaken by the French b. 188 Caracciolo Mestre de Camp to the Spaniards beaten by the Duke of Savoy a. 117 Cardinal Infanta his Irruption into Picardy b. 169. Defeats Seven thousand Men belonging to the States b. 209. Raises the Siege of Gueldres ib. Tries in vain to relieve Arras b. 256. And to relieve Aire b. 293. Besieges it again b. 294. Dies b. 296 Carmail Count of sent to Prison b. 143 Casal vainly attack'd by Duke Gonzales de Cordova a. 295. By Spinola a. 343. Delivered a. 352 Casal receives a French Garrison that did not stir out of it b. 23 202 Castres a Hugonot City ill used by the Parliament of Toulouse a. 142 Catalonia rebels b. 258. Calls in the French b. 259 Yields it self up to France b. 299 Catelet taken by the Spaniards b. 169. Retaken by the French b. 209 Caussin a Jesuit Confessor to Lewis XIII in disgrace b. 196 c. Cengio taken by the Spaniards b. 224 Caesar de Gonzaga Duke of Guastalla pretends to the Dukedom of Mantua a. 225. Accommodates his Affairs b. 13 Chalais Henry de Tallerand Marquis of the History his Designs and of his Death a. 185 c. 189 S. Chamond Marquis of the King's Lieutenant in Provence b. 8 Chambers of Justice establish'd by the Cardinal a. 189. b. 11 28. For the trial of Cinq-mars b. 348 Chanteloube Father raises a Difference between the Queen-Mother and the Duke of Orleans b. 52. Injures the Queen's Affairs ibid. 56 76 c. 110 Charles I. King of England the ill Conduct of this King in relation to his Marriage a. 87 162. Begins to quarrel ibid. 165 210. And makes a Peace with France ibid. 312. Complains of France b. 361 Charles de Gonzaga Duke of Nevers comes to be Duke of Mantua a. 225. How he took possession of it ibid. c. 289. France favours him a. 293. The Spaniards and the Emperour endeavour to turn him out of it a. 294 297 300 305. Weakly assisted by France and the Venetians a. 297 299 301. Not able to support himself a. 304 343. Beaten out of his Dominions a. 343. Accommodates his Affairs b. 13. Dies b. 193 Charles Emanuel his Design upon Genoua a. 106. His Preparations for that end a. 110. Difference of Opinion between him and the Constable de Lesdeguieres about the attack of the Genouese ibid. 111. His Faults a. 112. Misunderstanding between him and the Constable ib. 118. A Fault he commits ib. 120. Projects against the Spaniards ibid. 130. Complains of the Treaty of Monzon ibid. 176. They endeavour to appease him ibid. 197. Enters into Montferrat a. 294 295 Charles Emanuel designs to amuse France a. 307. Is reconciled to her ib. 310. The Proposals he makes to the Cardinal a. 334. Escapes from Rivoli to Turin ibid. 336. Dies a. 345. His good and bad Qualities ib. Charles Emanuel Son to Victor Amadeo Duke of Savoy b. 224 Châteauneuf Ambassador at Venice and in the Valteline and in Switzerland a. 198. c. Made Keeper of the Seals 361. They are taken from him b. 58 Châtillon Count of made a Mareschal of France a. 66. Sent to command the Army in the Low-Countries b. 148. Takes Yvoix b. 188. Besieges St. Omers in vain ibid. 208. Is disgraced ibid. 209. Commands in Champaigne and observes the Motions of Piccolomini b. 240. Retakes Yvoix ibid. 241. Goes to besiege Arras b. 256. Commands the Army in Champaigne b. 316. Defeated by Lamboi b. 322 c. Chavigny the Conference he had with the Nuncio Scoti b. 237 Chevreuse Dutchess of beloved and ill used by the Cardinal a. 192 Christina of France Tutoress of the Children she had by Victor Amadeo b. 193 Christina the perplexity
occasions to embroil the Nation he wou'd immediately come to Paris to set all things in order He also Congratulated her good Fortune that she had so happily escaped the Snare that was laid for her and added That if she had been taken he wou'd have gone in Person with an Army of Fifty thousand Men into Flanders to set her at Liberty again This Lady had lived till the above-mention'd Affair came to be discover'd in an Hôtel which joyned to Luxemburg-House and which the Queen-Mother had bestowed upon the Cardinal when he was in her Favour upon condition that she might take it into her own hands again whenever she pleas'd paying down the Sum of Thirty thousand Livres When she came to fall out with this Prelate she demanded to have this Hôtel surrender'd to her and having sent for the Contract she found that instead of so many Livres it was Crowns and that instead of whenever she pleased it was when the King commanded it The Queen protested That she never meant to make any such Articles as these and charged the Cardinal with Forgery She Addressed her self to the King to oblige him to deliver it up but His Majesty the more to Mortifie her wou'd have the Cardinal still keep in Possession This ill usage vexed this Princess extreamly but she had farther occasion to complain when being out of France she was inform'd that Combalet lived there and daily receiv'd Visits from Persons of the First Quality who made their Court to her Unkle by going to see her Besides this she made several new alterations in the House for her own Convenience and for this purpose without any more adoe caused part of the Wall belonging to the Palace of Luxemburg to be beaten down 'T is believ'd that it was partly occasion'd by this that the Queen fell upon the design to have Combalet stollen away although there is no question but that she made these Alterations by her Unkle's Orders not being naturally of so haughty a humour as to disoblige the Queen-Mother in so high a point as this was of her own head However when this Design was discover'd she thought her self no longer safe in this House and went to live at her Unkle's Palace where she seldom stirr'd out of doors Monsieur having receiv'd the News of the Duke of Montmorency's Death whose Life he perswaded himself they wou'd have sav'd thought that he should be everlastingly Disgrac'd and that no body for the future wou'd expose themselves to the Minister's Indignation for his sake if he did not express some resentment for so notorious an Affront It was confidently reported that part of his Domesticks wou'd be removed and that some of them should be declar'd not to be of that number in order to punish them as being excluded out of the Treaty which had been concluded with him This made him interpret the Beheading of the Duke of Montmorency to be an Infraction of this Treaty which he said He Sign'd onely out of a supposition that they wou'd give that Nobleman his Life So he parted secretly from Tours on the 6th of November and on the 12th Writ a †See it in the Hist of Lewis XIII by Ch. Bernard Lib. 16. Letter to the King from Montereau Faut-Yonne wherein he vehemently complains of this Violation and tells him That to obtain the Life of that Illustrious Lord his Cousin he had Sacrificed all his own Interests and those of his Followers stifled the justest Resentments dissembled his dearest Affections and even renounced for a time that very duty to which Nature oblig'd him He farther added That he had been given to understand from the Part of the King That if he made the least movement towards Rousillon it should cost the Duke of Montmorency his Life and that he had inferr'd from this Discourse that he might hope for a quite contrary Treatment if he obey'd His Majesty but that after he had made the most Humble Submissions to the King which he cou'd expect from the meanest Subject he had no regard was made of his Honour Towards the close he begg'd His Majesty not to be displeas'd at the Resolution he had taken of endeavouring to find a safe Retreat for his Person among Foreigners since he had just reason to apprehend the consequences of that extraordinary contempt which they had shewn to all his Submissions The King answer'd this Letter on the 25th of the same Month by accusing the Duke of Montmorency whom no body excused and by saying That down-right necessity had constrain'd Monsieur to submit himself however 't is certain that nothing cou'd have hindred him from making the best of his way to Rousillon if he had had the courage to attempt it Thus by the way of * Siri Mem. Rec. T. 7. P. 580. Champagne he retired into the Low-Countries and was extreamly well received by the Infanta at Brussels although the Ministers of Spain did not build much upon his Discontent being perswaded that the Cardinal cou'd make him return into France when he pleased by offering him some Advantageous Terms As for the Queen-Mother under a pretence of changing the Air she went to Malines the day before his arrival being displeased with him because in the Treaty of Besiers he was so far from supporting her interest that he did not so much as make any mention of her The Duke of Orleans followed her but cou'd not prevail with her to return to Brussels nor disswade her from the Design she had taken up to go and reside an Ghent He strove to justifie himself by the necessity he lay under to give way to the time that so he might find a way to escape out of the Cardinal's hands till he cou'd do it with more security and come to re-joyn her in the Low-Countries 'T is indeed certain that Gaston who was of a timorous disposition and besides was none of the most able Men in the World cou'd not have done otherwise and the Queen without doubt had pardon'd him this Omission if Father Chanteloube had not inspired her with a coldness for her Son The reason of which was that this good Father cou'd not endure that Puilaurens who had an absolute Ascendant over Monsieur shou'd equal him and he for his part was not of an humour to truckle to any one and had in his time refused to be over-ruled by some People that were infinitely more considerable than Father Chanteloube This inflexible temper on both sides brought them to an open defiance of one another and this caused them to sow that disaffection between the Mother and the Son which gave the Cardinal an opportunity to ruine all their Designs with much more ease than if they had been better united Monsieur sent advice of his departure out of France to the Emperour and to the Kings of England and Spain and desired their Assistance to enable him to make his way into France again The King had before this sent Bautru into Spain to
reported of going into Italy and when Gondi had assured him That he never heard the least word that the Queen had any inclinations to quit the Low-Countries the Cardinal continuing the Discourse told him That the Imprudence and fury of Father Chanteloube having oblig'd the King to demand him of the Infanta this Man was in so great a Consternation that he had perswaded the Queen to leave the Low-Countries where he did not think himself safe enough that upon this suggestion the Queen-Mother had sent to the King of England to know if he wou'd be pleased to receive her but that he had refused to do it at the instance of the King her Son that afterwards she had desired the above-mention'd King that he wou'd give her leave to come to Plimouth and lend her some Ships to Transport her to Spain That this Prince who believed that if ever she set foot in England she wou'd never be brought to leave it had made Answer That he wou'd willingly provide her with Ships if he was assured of her Reception in Spain and that France wou'd not take it ill That Spain had declar'd she was ready to receive her but that the King cou'd not tell what to resolve upon by reason of the great compassion he had for her and that England wou'd not receive her but upon condition that she wou'd not make any long stay there That this poor Woman for so the Cardinal thought fit to call her had drawn these Misfortunes upon her self by following the Ill Advice of other People and by her own obstinacy which was so incurable that she still protested That she did not now and never wou'd repent of what she had done At last after he had pretended to have a mighty Commiseration for her he added That England perhaps might be induced to furnish her with Ships in case she wou'd retire to some place where His Majesties Clemency and Filial Amity might grant her some acts of Favour without prejudicing the welfare of the State and where the Cardinal might be able to procure them for her as he passionately desired That he cou'd scarce believe she design'd to tarry in Spain and since she was deny'd Admission into England he cou'd not tell but that she might have some thoughts to pass into Florence in case the Grand-Duke wou'd give her a Kind Reception Upon this he Asked Gondi Whether he cou'd give him any Light as to this Affair And the Resident Answer'd That he was wholly ignorant what the Queen's Intentions were but that he durst venture to Assure him that the Grand-Duke was wholly unacquainted with them and that as there was not the least reason to doubt but that the King Lov'd His Mother no body had any occasion to be in any pain about her The Cardinal Reply'd That if the Queen was minded to return to her Native Country for a short time till she had fully reconcil'd her Self to the King it wou'd not be taken amiss of the Grand-Duke to receive her and that the Queen's Conduct wou'd not be disapproved since she wou'd be in a place where she then cou'd not abuse the kindnesses His Majesty show'd Her The Cardinal added That nevertheless if the Queen once set foot in England she wou'd not easily leave it He wou'd not explain himself any farther thinking it sufficient that he had made an Overture which the Grand-Duke might make the best use of in time of necessity He was resolved to come to no manner of Accommodation with her till he had effectually humbled her and constrain'd her to do what he pleas'd At present the onely trial of Skill was to oblige her to depart out of the Dominions of Spain and to endeavour to make her go to Florence that so she might not prove an obstacle to any Treaty that they might make with Spain according as an occasion should present it self While she and Monsieur were in their Territories it wou'd be impossible to make a Treaty without comprehending them in it and the Cardinal pretended that they should leave all to His Majesty's good pleasure and give their consent for him to Punish those that had followed them Thus all endeavours were used to make them quit the Spanish Territories In the mean time the Prince of Conde was come back from Bruges and the King sent him into Burgundy to oblige the Parliament of Dijon to hasten the Trials of the Duke of Elbeuf Puilaurens Coudray Montpensier and the other Domesticks of the Duke They were Condemned to Die as Rebels they were Executed in Effigie and their Goods were Confiscated Not long after †The 25th of Febr. Siri Mâ—m Rec. T. 7. p. 594. the King being at St. Germans took away the Seals from Chateauneuf who nevertheless had been a faithful drudge to the Cardinal and had exercised several Arbitrary Acts of Violence to please him As the causes of his Disgrace were not positively known people fell upon several things which might contribute to ruine him Some said That he was in Love with the Dutchess of Chevreuse and that he was Loved by her that this made the Cardinal jealous who was exceedingly offended at Chateauneuf when he saw some Letters of his to that Dutchess wherein * Lâ— Mordevano says Siri di cuto fraâ—ido à causa delle sue malattie hemorrhoidale he Ridicul'd the Cardinal in very outrageous terms They add farther That the Cardinal came to know that he had Danced in a Ball at Bourdeaux when he lay so dangerously ill there 'T is also pretended that this Prelate being told That he flatter'd himself with the hopes of arriving to be Chief Minister in a short time and that he had formed certain Cabals for that end he wou'd never pardon him this Ambition †Aubery's Life of the Cardinal lib. 4. c. 36. However it was the Seals were given to Peter Seguier President of the Parliament with a certain Promise to be made Chancellour so soon as d' Aligre was dead Chateauneuf was sent to the Castle of Angouleme being accused of a Design to raise Disorders at Court At the same * Siri Ibid. p. 595. time they sent some of his Friends to the Bastile and among others the Chevalier du Jars who as it was alledged against him perswaded Monsieur and the Queen-Mother to retire into England As they had no Proof of it the Cardinal bethought himself of an extraordinary stratagem to discover whether he was concern'd in this Affair or no. He not onely caused him to be put into Prison but he engaged the Judges to manage his Trial and Sentence him to have his head cut off by giving them his word that this Sentence shou'd not be put in Execution but that the King shou'd Pardon him in case there were no Positive Proofs brought against him at his Trial. In pursuance of this he was Condemned his Sentence was Read to him and being upon the Scaffold after he had said his Prayers without making
Armes and another of Light Horse consisting of a hundred Men each for six Months and afterwards of fifty till such time as Monsieur returned to Court The King granted these Articles only upon Condition that Monsieur accepted them in fifteen days and perform'd them by coming back to France within three Weeks reckoning from the day of the Date which was the first of October Puilaurens for his part had the * Government of Bourbonnois and the Dutchy of Eguillon †Siri Me◠Rec. T. 8. P. 102. with a Promise to marry one of the Cardinal's Relations eight days after his Arrival into France This Marriage and the great Favour he was in with Monsieur made him imagine that the Cardinal wou'd share his Authority with him and take him for his Partner in the Management of Affairs But the Event made it sufficiently appear that he was as little acquainted with the Cardinal as he was incapable to serve his Master faithfully In the mean time Monsieur and He full of Joy and Satisfaction for having obtained these Advantages of the Court were contriving how to make their Escape with all speed for fear least the Spaniards shou'd detain them if they came to suspect their Design They took their Opportunity when the Marquiss d' Aytone was gone to confer with the Duke of Newburg and parted out of * On a Sunday the 8th of October Brussels under a pretence of going to Hunt with the Duke of Fargis and six more and some led Horses Instead of looking after Foxes as they pretended when they went out they rode strait to Capelle which is about twenty five Leagues from Brussels and is the first Town belonging to France on that side Monsieur took his Leave of no body nay not of Madam her self whom he afterwards recommended by a Letter to the Queen-Mother From thence he marched directly to S. Germain where the King was * The 21st of October Siri ibid. p. 103. to whom he made abundance of Complements to beg his Pardon and promis'd to be more obedient for the time to come Those that were with him did the same and the King received them all into Favour The Cardinal came thither from Ruel to visit the Duke in his Majesty's Presence He assured him that he had been extreamly concerned that his Absence did not permit him to do him those Services which otherwise he had been ready to have done and expressed a great deal of Joy that he was now able to serve him after his Return which had been so long desired The Duke told him that he was heartily sorry that he had not been undeceived sooner and that for the time to come he wou'd follow his Advice and then embraced him The next day the Duke went to Ruel to repay the Cardinal the Visit he had made him and entertain'd him in private where 't is supposed he told him all that he knew The Cardinal afterwards treated him very splendidly and with extraordinary Honour After this Monsieur went to his Estare at Limours within five Leagues of Paris The first Complements being now over they began to discourse of Affairs and laboured to perswade Monsieur to give his Consent that his Marriage shou'd be declared void The Duke rejected this Proposal as he had reason good and alledged that his Conscience wou'd not permit him to disannul a Marriage which after all cou'd not be justly condemned although the King had not consented to it Upon this the Cardinal sent several Divines to him to cure him of these troublesome Scruples for he was seldom unprovided of dexterous Casuists that knew how to accommodate his Passions to Religion At first Puilaurens joyn'd with them but because Monsieur cou'd not be brought to relish the Cardinal's Gospel it was supposed that this Favourite did not cordially represent the Matter to the Prince although he told them that for his part he was very well satisfied with their Reasons but since they had not wrought any Conviction upon Monsieur he would not pretend to force him However the Cardinal still kept to his Resolution to bestow his Cousin Mademoiselle de Pont Chateau upon him although he was not willing that the Marriage should be yet consummated which made some People suspect that Puilaurens was not so much in the Cardinal's Favour as he believed The King after he had paid to Monsieur the money which he had promis'd him and expedited the Patents for Puilaurens sent F. Joseph and Bouthillier to the Duke of Orleans to tell him from him that he wou'd never approve of his Marriage though at the same time he wou'd never force him to marry again Some more Divines were afterwards sent to him upon the same Errand three of which were Jesuits three Secular Priests besides the General of the Fathers of the Oratory but in spite of all their Reasons deduced from Politicks which were founded upon the Jealousie of the King and of his Minister Gaston contrary to his custom still maintain'd that his Marriage was valid He told them that since the Parliament were able to find out no other Reason for the Nullity of this Marriage but the pretended Constraint of the Princes of Lorrain it was unquestionably lawful since of his own proper motion he had demanded their Sister of them and that they durst not refuse him That as for himself he cou'd be content to live separated from his Wife to shew his Obedience to the King but that he wou'd never consent to marry another Thus these seven Divines after they had harangued him three full Hours to perswade him to write to the King that he was convinced of the Nullity of his Marriage by their Reasons returned without doing any thing Puilaurens began to be somewhat distrustful that the Cardinal intended to deceive him when this Minister sent the Abbot of Elbene to Monsieur who was then at Blois to tell him that the King was not displeas'd with his Conduct and that the Cardinal desired Puilaurens to come to Paris to marry the youngest Daughter of the Baron de Pont-Chateau This News was exceeding welcome to Puilaurens who before had some Thoughts of retiring into England Upon this they return'd to Court and the Duke of Orleans was again * The 19th of Novemb. Regaled by the Cardinal at Ruel and from thence went to S. Germain Afterwards the King put out a Declaration by which he restor'd Monsieur to his former Possessions pardoned him for all that was past and order'd it to be †The 27th of November registred in the Parliament of Paris At the same time the Duke de la Valette married the eldest Daughter of the Baron de Pont-Chateau and Puilaurens the youngest The Count de Guicke also married a Relation of the Cardinal of the House of Plessis Chivrai and their Marriages were kept the same day at the Arsenal with an extraordinary Magnificence Puilaurens bought the Dutchy of Eguillon of the Princess Mary for six hundred thousand Livres and
in favour of all those that had follow'd him that they shou'd not be taken again for this fault That the Count shou'd â—â—gn these Articles and swear Fidelity to the King between the hands of one of his Almoners and that the Countess of Soissons shou'd return to Paris The Count sign'd these Articles and took the Oath of Fidelity to the King as was expresly provided by the Treaty after which he excused himself as well as he cou'd to the Queen-Mother and Prince Thomas for not concluding that Affair which he had begun with the Cardinal-Infanta His Constancy and Resolution made him obtain better Terms than the Duke of Orleans without stooping to make any of those condeseensions as he had done The Cardinal who shew'd himself imperious to the highest degree against those whom he did not fear complied with those that knew how to make themselves be feared He did not behave himself so in relation to the Queen-Mother * Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. p. 539. for whom the King and Queen of England interceded in vain with her Son towards the end of this Year She sent Monsigot to London with an †Dated the 11th of September Instruction by which she demanded to be re-established as before and the same favour for her Domesticks and all those that had followed her Departure But as they did not in the least fear Charles I. in France and much less Mary de Medicis they cou'd obtain nothing To come now to Foreign Affairs ‡ Siri ibid. p. 476. The Duke of Parma being besieged by the Spaniards in Placentia and in great danger of being taken there had long ago implored the Assistance of France which they were now resolved to send him by the Fleet that was arrived at Provence to recover the Isles of Honorat and St. Margaret But when this Succour was ready to part the Duke of Parma fearing that it wou'd not come soon enough made an Accommodation with the Spaniards by the means of Pandolfini Minister to the Grand Duke who performed all the Offices of a Mediator He excused himself to the King of France upon the invincible necessity he lay under and the Court did not seem to be much displeased with him because they knew not which way to get into his Country nor how to find Subsistence for their Troops there which they design'd to send him The Duke of Parma order'd the few French Forces he had in his Dominions to depart and after that was obliged to surrender Sabioneta to the Spaniards under a pretence of restoring that little Principality to the Neice of the Princess de Stigliano lately deceased He likewise adjusted Matters soon after with the Duke of Modena And thus the League of Italy and the great Hopes that were built upon it fell to the ground The Marquiss de Leganez enter'd afterwards into Montferrat where he took Castel Ponzone and Nice de la Paille but advancing towards Final with a Design to cover it because the Mareschal de Crequi made as if he had a mind to attack that place he was obliged to retire in Disorder after the loss of five or six hundred of his Men. In the mean time the French Fleet * Siri Ibid. p. 499. that they shou'd not be said to do nothing went to attack the Isle of Sardinia although they had scarce one Pilot aboard the Fleet that knew the Harbours and the Roads However they arrived very happily there and made a Descent in the Bay of Oristan without any one to oppose them The French afterwards took a City of that name which they found full of Provisions The Officers had resolved at first to spare private Houses and only carry off the Victuals and send them to the Fleet but this Order being ill executed and the Country Houses plundered all the Island took the Alarm and the Inhabitants perceiving the small Numbers of the French who were wholly destitute of Horse resolved to beat them out by force The French who did not make above four thousand Foot with some Field-pieces fearing to be over-run by the Cavalry of the Island which were as many as they were and besides were followed by a considerable Body of Foot thought of making a Retreat which they performed luckily enough by reason of the great Inexperience of their Enemies Militia In this Precipitation they scarce carried away any thing but the Glory of having shewn the Nobility and People of the Island that they understood the Affairs of War better than they did So soon as these Naval Forces were * See Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. p. 502. returned to Provence they had Orders to attack the Isles possessed by the Spaniards This they executed with so much Vigour that in a few Days the †The 12th of May. See Charles Bâ—rnard upon the Year King was Master of the Isle of St. Margarets notwithstanding the brave Resistance of the Spaniards after which they forced the Garrison of St. Honorar to Capitulate to have the Liberty to retire without Cannon without Ammunition and without Colours The Count d'Harcourt who commanded the Fleet acquir'd a great deal of Reputation upon this occasion as well as Castelan who commanded the Troops in Quality of Mareschal de Camp The Archbishop of Bourdeaux who was likewise there attributed to himself part of the Honour of this Action although others wou'd have been apt to say that he neither understood the office of a Bishop nor that of a General of which he was so Ambitious Thus the Spaniards were beaten out of the Isles of St. Honorat and St. Margaret which had cost them a great deal though they scarce made any advantage of them while they kept them in their Hands The Duke de la Valette found it an easie matter to * The Life of the Duke of Espernon turn them out of Guienne without doing any thing else than cutting off their Provisions They were reduced to such great extremities that without staying till they were attacked they embark'd their Artillery and the Sick at Socoa of their own accord after which the rest of the Army marched All this while the Duke de la Valette had been but sorrily assisted by the Court where he was not much respected because neither he nor his Father had ever submitted to the Cardinal's Authority although the Son was allied to the Minister The Attempt which the Spaniards made upon Languedoc towards the end of the same Summer †Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. p. 513. See also Ch. Bernard Lib. 18. S. 10. met with no better Success although the French were not in a very good Condition to receive them Count Serbellon at the Head of Fourteen Thousand Foot and Fifteen Hundred Horse went to besiege Leucate on the last day of August He attack'd it with a great deal of Vigour but the place being sufficiently strong what by its Fortifications and what by its natural Situation Du Barry the Governour defended
since his Disgrace had lived at his Country-House to demand his Advice upon this occasion He was somewhat troubled that the Queen should Consult him upon so nice an affair as this was knowing the implacable humour of this Minister but at last he could not refuse to tell Her his Sentiments of the Matter One day when the Queen was at Val de Grace the Chancellor came there and acquainted Her with the Commission which the King had given him He afterwards asked Her some Questions but so as to Insinuate to Her Majesty what Answers she was to make him And the Queen pointed with her Finger to the place where she used to keep the Cardinal-Infanta's Letters and gave him the Keys of it She told him That as for what related to the Prince her Brother she could never stifle the affection which Nature obliged her to show him but that she knew how to love her Brother without prejudicing the State a Maxim directly contrary to that of the Cardinal-Duke who had possessed the King That it was impossible for him to love His Subjects and his Mother with his other nearest Relations at the same time The Queen had taken the Precaution to trust all her Papers with the Marchioness de Sourdis Daughter to the Count de Carmail So that the Chancellor found nothing in the Closet but a few Disciplines From hence he return'd to carry this News to the Cardinal who was enraged to miss his Blow after he had put an Affront of this nature upon the Queen It fell out very luckily for this Princess that she was big with Child otherwise he had too cruelly offended her not to use all his Efforts to ruin her and he had formerly spoken to the King more than once to be divorced from her At the same time another Accident happen'd at Court which was not indeed of the same consequence but serves as well to discover the prodigious Authority of the Minister The King had fallen in love with Mademoiselle de la Fayette and had for some time entertain'd a Commerce with her which was by no means pleasing to the Cardinal who cou'd not endure to see any one in favour with the King that did not wholly depend upon him It happen'd without the King 's knowing the occasion of it that this Lady retired to a Convent call'd La Visitation to put her self in the Service as she pretended of a greater Lord than he was The King was extreamly inquisitive to know the reason of so sudden a Retirement and not contenting himself with what the Cardinal's Creatures had been instructed to tell him he resolved to discover the whole Mystery himself so pretending to hunt in the Forests which lye between Gresbois and this Monastery he came to this last place where he had a long Conversation with Mademoiselle de la Fayette and thus they came to be satisfied that they had been both cheated by Boizenval Valet de Chambre to his Majesty who nevertheless ow'd his preferment to this Lady Whenever the King sent him to Mademoiselle de la Fayette to deliver any Message to her or carry her a Billet and whenever this Lady sent him back to the King or writ to him he went directly to the Cardinal who caused the Billets to be chang'd as he saw convenient by counterfeiting the Hand or else order'd him what Answers to make This imperious Minister had engaged him thus to sacrifice the King and his Benefactress by sending him word that since he was made Valet de Chambre without a Recommendation from him he must not expect to enjoy that Post long Boizenval affrighted at this Menace which he did not question but the Cardinal wou'd soon put in execution went to acquaint him that if he wou'd be pleased to take him into his Protection he wou'd blindly obey him in whatever he shou'd think fit to order The Cardinal promis'd it upon condition he wou'd inform him of every thing he saw And thus Boizenval communicated to him the King's Billets and those of his Mistress which he alter'd in such a manner as was most proper to inspire them with a disgust each for the other At the same time the Cardinal threaten'd the Marchioness de Sennecey and the Bishop of Limoges who were related to Mademoiselle de la Fayette to banish them the Court unless they prevailed with this Lady to betake her self to a Retirement Their Advice and the Letters she received from the King obliged her at last to think of a Recluse Life and she accordingly put this Design in execution as it has been already said The King being inform'd that she had received some Billets which were wholly different from those which he had writ to her was sensible that Boizenval had betray'd him and resolv'd to turn him out of his place While he was in the Parler with Mademoiselle de la Fayette Boizenval who had follow'd him was at the Gate and came to understand as soon as ever the King was gone that His Majesty and She had been talking of the Cheat he had put upon them By this be concluded himself to be undone and next morning he was discarded yet the Cardinal did not condescend to speak one word in favour of him to the King lest he should thereby discover from what Quarter the Cheat proceeded The King had spent four hours in entertaining himself with Mademoiselle de la Fayette so that it being too late for him to go back and lie at Gresbois he went to Paris and the Queen * The 5th of September that very night was deliver'd of a Son afterwards Louis XIV who was born on the same day that the Cardinal-Duke was and has to their cost convinced all Europe how terrible a figure a Monarch makes that can govern by himself This Birth ruin'd in a manner all the Cabals of the Grandees which were in a good measure founded upon the Expectations they had that the Duke of Orleans wou'd succeed to the Crown In all probability too it seem'd to threaten the Cardinal's Authority who had for a considerable time drawn the Queen's Hatred upon himself but he was so strongly possessed of the entire Management of the King's Will that this did not cause the least Alteration in his Power The †Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. P. 639. same Year the Queen-Mother passed over into Holland where she was received with all imaginable respect and from thence into England to engage King Charles I. her Son-in-law and the Queen her Daughter to make new Efforts in her behalf that she might be suffer'd to return to France Belliévre was at that time Ambassadour in England and the Queen-Mother having found an opportunity to converse with him although he studiously endeavour'd to avoid it she acquainted him that she had for some time employed all the means imaginable to signifie to Cardinal Richlieu the extraordinary desire she had to return into France through his means but that she had
received no manner of Answer from him and that no Promises had been ever made her but upon such hard Conditions that she could not comply with them The Ambassadour interrupted her and desired her Majesty to remember that the King had sent him in the Character of Ambassadour to the King of England but that he had not the Honour to be sent to her He added that if her Discourse tended to command him to write about her to France he desired her not to charge him with that Commission because he had no Order to meddle with any thing whatever it was that concerned her Majesty The Queen replied that then they had not forbidden him to do it and the Ambassadour made Answer That he had no Orders To this the Queen rejoyn'd That it signified nothing at all and that she requested him to listen to her That the Afflictions she had sustained since her Departure out of France had inspired her with quite different Sentiments from what she had when she quitted that Kingdom That she should think her self infinitely obliged if he would acquaint the Cardinal that she conjur'd him to deliver her out of this Misery and the necessity of begging her Bread That she long'd exceedingly to be near the King not to concern her self in the least with any Affairs but to pass the Remainder of her Life in Repose and Tranquillity and employ it in serving of God and thinking how to die well That if the Cardinal cou'd not obtain leave of the King for her to return to Court he wou'd at least get permission for her to live in some part of France where His Majesty thought convenient and there to provide for her Maintenance That she wou'd turn away all such out of her Service that were either hated or suspected by him and That she was ready to do all that the King order'd and the Cardinal counsell'd her to do That this was all she desir'd him to communicate to the Cardinal because she believed that some Persons who had undertaken to do it had not acquitted themselves faithfully in this Affair The Ambassadour answer'd that he wou'd never give her the same occasion to complain of him because he would not concern himself in her Business Upon this the Queen told him that this was the Stile of all Ambassadours who nevertheless were obliged to write all that was said to them and that she wou'd not fail to expect his Answer The Queen of England afterwards gave Belliévre to understand that they had pitch'd upon this way because the King had declared that he wou'd not have any Strangers interpose to accommodate Matters between him and his Mother The Ambassadour still continued to say as before that he had no Authority to concern himself in this Affair but for all that * By a Letter dated the 25. of December writ to the Cardinal to inform him what the Queen-Mother had said to him The End of the Fifth Book THE HISTORY Of the FAMOUS Cardinal de RICHLIEV VOL. II. BOOK VI. Containing the most Remarkable Passages of his Life from the Year 1639. till his Death year 1639 THE Cardinal having received Belliévre's Letters was no more mov'd with pity towards his old Benefactress than by the other Steps she had formerly made to reconcile her self to him * Siri Mem. Rec. T. 8. p. 640. The natural Inclination that Women have to Revenge the Humour of the Queen-Mother in particular who dissembled her Indignation so much the more as she appeared to humble herself before the Minister and who if she were in France wou'd not fail to discover to the King all that he conceal'd from him and lastly the implacable Malice of the Cardinal himself who seldom quitted what had once fully possess'd him determin'd him to reject all Offers which this afflicted Princess caused to be made to him and as for the King he had not of a long while thought fit to deliberate upon any thing which he saw was not approved by this Minister Thus the Cardinal having dictated a Letter in the King's Name to Cheré his Secretary his Majesty signed it He pretended that before he had read an Extract of Belliévre's Dispatches concerning the Propositions which the Queen-Mother had made to him he had told the Council of his own proper motion that he believed there was no longer room to rely upon the fair Words of the Queen his Mother who had always been accustomed to dissemble that her unquiet Temper hinder'd her from being able to live peaceably in any place since she cou'd never bear her Prosperity when she was in France nor agree in Flanders with the Duke of Orleans after she had obliged him to leave the Kingdom to go thither no more than with the Princess to whom she had married him that it was not without some Design that she went to Holland and that she was already disgusted with England that if she was not able to content her self with the extraordinary Authority which she enjoyed before her Departure out of France much less wou'd she rest satisfied with what they cou'd give her at present and which wou'd be nothing near so great as what she formerly had that considering her aspiring Humour she wou'd be no sooner in France but she wou'd oblige the Malecontents to occasion new Disorders and that the more easily because the greatest part of them had been formerly engaged in her Interests that the Spaniards who had despised her in their own Country wou'd not fail to influence her to excite Commotions in France as soon as she was arrived there and that merely for this Consideration they desired her Return that within 7 or 8 Months she had endeavour'd to form a new Party at Sedan with the Duke of Bouillon and the Count de Soissons though she cou'd draw nothing but bare Words from them that the King of England having in vain interceded for her design'd to send her elsewhere that all these Reasons obliged him to stick firm to the Proposal he had made to the Queen his Mother that she shou'd retire to Florence where she should receive what was sufficient to maintain her according to her Quality that lastly his Conscience was satisfied and that he shou'd be justified before God and before Men since he had done all that in him lay to satisfie the Queen without exposing his Kingdom to new Broils and Troubles Upon this Answer which was wholly founded upon this Supposition That the Queen-Mother wou'd embroil the Kingdom in case she came back as if they had been certainly assur'd of it and that there was no way to hinder it but by sending her home to Florence the Queen of England touched for her Mothers Affliction writ several Letters to the King and Cardinal with her own Hand and sent them by my Lord Jermyn to confirm them by Word of Mouth The King answered these Letters by others which Chavigny composed and were corrected by the Cardinal wherein he commends the
the Emperor employ'd against him could not act against her He had passed the winter with his Troops in the Mountain de Vauge and in the Franche-Conâ—â— where he had reduced abundance of small places which were not in a condition to make any resistance and where his Army fatigued and diminish'd one haâ—â— at lâ—â—st by the preceding Campaign reâ—râ—â—â—d and increasâ—d considerably Altho his Troops were but indifferently paid the great indulgence he showâ—d them and the frequent ravages they made gainâ—d him so â—â—fâ—â—tually the hearts of the Souldieâ—s that he â—ais'd what Recruits he had occasion for wiâ—â—â—â—â—â—reat 〈◊〉 â—â—y At this time his thoughts were châ—â—â—y employ'd in preserving oâ— Brisâ—c inâ—â—nding to crâ—â—t a Pâ—â—ncâ— paâ—â—ty with what he could conquer about that City for he began to 〈◊〉 weary of being as it were a bare General of the French and to depend upon the Câ—pâ—â—â—â—s of a haughty inconstant Minister from whâ—◠〈◊〉 could expect nothing but an everlasting Sâ—aveâ—â— fâ—r the Reward of his Serviceâ— After 〈…〉 the Cardinal â—â—nt him word 〈…〉 would be 〈◊〉 â—aâ—y for him to come to Pari◠〈…〉 the nâ—xt Campaign but the 〈…〉 was to engage to deliver up theâ—◠〈…〉 to the French As he exprest some difficulty of going thither they took care not to pay him the Arrears they had promised him altho he demanded them with great importunity However he kept to his resolution not to go to France but contented himself to send Colonel d' Erlach the Governor of Brisac thither who only talked of the designs of the ensuing Campaign and pretended that the great preparation that the Emperor made to regain Brisgow hindered the Duke from coming to Paris The Count de Guebriant having orders to feel his Pulse about Brisac the Duke bluntly answer'd him that to demand a chaste Woman's Virginity and a brave Man's Honour was the same thing Nevertheless the Cardinal extorted a promise from d' Erlach that if the Duke happen'd to dye he would resign Brisac to France and ordered him to acquaint that Prince that if he would quit it they would supply him with Men and Money to make himself Master of the Franche Comte and see him confirm'd in it by a Treaty of Peace But he was too wise to fall into such a snare as this and thought it much better to be in possession of Brisac and part of Alsatia than of the Franche Comte because it lay nearer to his friends in Germany and that he could more easily preserve this Principality even against France it self in case she should ever pretend to dispute it with him On the other hand the Cardinal who was sensible of the Duke's designs began to be afraid of him and knew not whether he should wish that he should make any new advances or be beaten by the Imperialists The report runs that he secretly treated of a Marriage with the Landgrave of Hesse's Daughter which would have put him at the head of twenty thousand men kept in constant pay by that House besides his own Troops and thus have made himself formidable to all Germany The Cardinal and he were taken up with these different thoughts when the Duke came from Burgundy to Suntgow to pass the Rhine at Newbourg and from thence to march to the Black Forrest Being arrived at Newbourg he there fell sick on the 4th of July and died on the 18th in the thirty sixth year of his Age. The Cardinal was suspected to have got him poison'd in order to make himself master of his Conquests and indeed people talk'd of indications strong enough * †See Sam Pusendors Rer. sacâ—iâ— l. 11. to prove that he was dispatched by poison But after all perhaps the only foundation to charge the Cardinal with this crime was because immediately after his Death France took possession of those places he had conquer'd The Duke of Weymar had order'd by his * See it in the Mem. of Aâ—bâ—râ— T. 2. p. 4â—9 Will that they should be consign'd into the hands of one of his Brothers who was willing to take possession of them and who to preserve them more easily would endeavour to gain the favour of the Crowns of France and Sweden and that in case none of his Brothers should think fit to take possession of them France should be preferr'd upon condition that the strong places should receive a garrison of part French and part Germans and that they should be restor'd to the Empire by a general Peace In regard of the Army he order'd that after his decease it should be commanded by Major General d' Erlach Collonel Olem Count Nassau and Collonel Roze and after them by other Collonels He gave several Legacies to the Officers of the Army and to his Domesticks amounting to the summ of three hundred thousand Crowns and gave his Charging Horse to the Count de Guebriant The Directors of the Army which were in a manner wholly composed of old Souldiers sent immediately into France to demand the protection of that Crown and endeavour to make some advantage for themselves in this conjuncture An Agent of Sueden then residing at Benfeld took pains to perswade the Army to joyn that of Banier by remonstrating to them that 't was what they ow'd to the memory of Gustavus Adolphus But the Money which the Count de Guebriant liberally distributed among the Officers made a greater impression upon them than all the discourses of the Suedish Minister 'T was unanimously agreed by them to compose a body apart by themselves nay some discoursed of putting the Elector Palatine in the room of the Duke of Weymar but this Prince coming from England was stopt in Frances through which he design'd to pass incognito The Cardinal having receiv'd advice that the Duke of Weymar was dead was not overmuch troubled at the news for he had long ago entertain'd a jealousy that this Prince rather designed to make his own fortune than either to aggrandize France or humble the House of Austria The first thing they took care of was to preserve his Army for the King and get possession of the places he had taken In pursuance of this * Aubery's Life of the Cardinal l. 6. c. 5. See his Instructions in T. 2. of the Mem. d' Aub. 421. dated the 27 of July Baron de Oisonville was immediately dispatch'd to the Count de Guebriant to bring him those Orders he was to follow upon this occasion He was commission'd to tell the Officers that they should not only have the same pay continued to them which they had under the Duke of Weymar but likewise considerable Pensions if they would take the Oaths of Fidelity to the King Above all he was particularly charged to remember Major General d' Erlach of the promise he had made in case the Duke happen'd to dye concerning Brisac and to offer him two hundred thousand Livres in ready money if he would surrender it to the King or if he was minded to continue
Breze to go thither to command in quality of Viceroy and to swear at Bâ—â—celâ—na in his Majesty's name to preserve the priviledges of the Catalonians He was already arriv'd at â—ousillon when he received orders to block up Peâ—â—â—â—â— â—o hinder any relief or Ammunition from coming into it because the King proposed to attack this place the following Campaign He seized upon alâ—â—â—â— passes and made retrenchments where he saw convenient however he could not hinder the Spaniardâ— â—â—om forcing the passage of the mountains the 2 â—iâ— of December so that he was reduced to defend himself against the insults of the Spaniards by posting his menâ—â— Angeles What most of all favour'd the French on this side was the happy success that attended the insurrection of the Porâ—â—â—â—â—ses who not only bear the Castiliaâ—â— out of their own Country but made frequent excursions in the neighbourhood with mighty advantage Castilâ— not â—eing prepared to oppose them and several Grandees as the Duke de Medina Sedonia being discoâ—â—enred at the Government and favouring the Porâ—â—gueses under-hand Their King Don John was own'd by France and all the Enemies of Spâ—ia who encoutaged him to keep the Crown on his head which he had sâ— lately gain'd The particulars of this Revolution having no relation to the life of our Câ—â—â—â—â—â— I shall therefore omit them In Gâ—â—many sâ—â—deer the Swedish General and the Count de Gâ—â—brian performed no considerable enterprize and as the * On the to oâ— â—â—aâ— â—e Pusenderâ— lib. 13. former happened to dye Leonard Toâ—â—erson took his place The Princes of Italy had new for a long â—â—ne been only spectators of what passed in Piedâ—â—ont and might have continued stâ—ll in the same tranquillity if the Barberini had not made an atâ—cropt upon the Dutchy of Castro and some other 〈◊〉 beâ—â—nging to the Duke of Parma near Rome * See Siri Merc. T. 1. lib. 3. at the beginning â—â—â—der a pretence of I know not what Rights which 't is not necessary here to set down the Papal Army entered this Dutchy in September and in October forced Castro to capitulate and on the 13th of that Month took possession of it The Duke of Parma complained of this hard usage to all the Princes of Italy but especially to the Republic of Venice and to the great Duke of Tuscany who promised to act in his behalf but had done much better if they had hindered the Barberini from stripping him of part of his territory by sending sufficient forces to this Prince when he first demanded them since 't is infinitely easier to prevent a mischief of this nature than to apply Remedies to it when 't is once done The best support which the Duke of Savoy found upon this occasion was the Mareschal d' Estrees a great Enemy to the Barberini who being recalled from his embassy at Rome stopt at Parma and offered his service to the Duke as we shall â—ind in the series of this History And this he did not engage in without the consent of the Cardinal-Duke who was no better affected to the House of Vrban VIII than the Mareschal The Marquis de Fonteny succeeded the latter in this embassy at Rome and as he had as much Plegm in his constitution as the Mareschal had Fire it was hoped that he might be able to act with more success in a Court where their negotiations are very long and require a world of patience After the Duke of Parma had received this hard Treatment the Pope fulminated an Admonition against him by which he ordered him to appear at Rome under pain of Excommunication The King of France and all Italy interceded for the Duke but the Barberini were not men to be wrought upon by perswasions so when any foreign Prince came to interpose in this affair they only paid him with fair promises In the mean time Don Thaddeo Barberini whom the Pope who doated upon his Nephews thought to be a mighty Captain made great levies of men which he sent into Lombardy and caused Forts to be built in several places of Polozin for the preservation of his new Conquests The Duke of Parma raised forces on his side to oppose one power by another and at the same time published a * See this Affair in Siri Merc T. 1. lib. 3. p. 379. â—â—re Manifesto wherein he shewed the injustice the Barberini had done him and the latter were not backward to return an answer to it To return now to the Affairs of the Cardinal The Queen Mother who had resided for some time at London was obliged to depart out of England at the private instances he made to King Charles the First This Prince being unluckily embroil'd with his own people was not in a condition to refuse any thing to Lewis XIII lest he should foment these disorders more than he had already done so that he gave his Mother-in-law to understand that she would extremely oblige him if she would leave England She desir'd to return into the Low Countries but whatever sollicitations his Majesty of Great Britain could make in her behalf the Spaniards who were dissatisfied with her former conduct would not so much as give her leave to pass through their Country Nor durst the States of the Vnited Provinces fuller her to tarry in theirs for fear of offending the Cardinal So that she was forced to go to Colon where she lived in extreme indigence till her death The Cardinal who was pleased at these mortifications which this unhappy Princess received was not sorry to see her intirely abandon'd by her Daughters and her Sons-in law Towards the end of this year he had the pleasure to understand that the Pope had made a * The 6 of December promotion of a dozen Cardinals among whom was his dear Friend and Confident Julius Mazarine for whom France had demanded a Cap. In the course of this very year wherein so many things as we have already seen contributed to strengthen and support the fortune of this Minister the new Conspiracy of the Count de Soissons against him which at first seemed powerful enough to overturn it ended as advantageously for him as he could have wished since he was delivered from one of the most formidable enemies he had 'T is what I am now going to relate in order to conclude with it the History of the Occurrences of the Year 1641. I have elsewhere observ'd that the Cardinal would have * See Siri Merc T. 1. l. 2. p 34â— c. married his Neice de Combalet to the Count de Soissons and that this Prince refused an Alliance so much below him The Minister did not drop his pretensions for all that but flatter'd himself that by ill using and disregarding the Count he should at last break his haughty Spirit As he believed that the King would never have any Children he imagined that the Heirs of the Count and his Neice might one day sit upon the Throne And he thought that by pretending
to serve the Count who was a high spirited but imprudent Prince he should humble the D. of Orleans and the Prince of Conde but the inflexible constancy of the Count defeated all his projects which appeared to be so much the more Chimerical after the King had Sons to succeed him Whatever he pretended in public 't is certain that the Cardinal had an unconquerable aversion to the Count for besides that t was impossible to commit small faults against him contempt was the thing in the world that most disgusted him and which he took care to revenge in the severest manner To this we may add that the Cabals of the Count which opposed the grandeur of the Minister rais'd his hatred to the highest extremity and it received no diminution by the retirement of the Count to Sedan who had engaged the King to pay the Garrison of that City pursuant to the Treaty against the opinion of the Cardinal who had advised that this Money should be paid to the Duke of Bouillon 'T is reported that his design was to oblige that Prince to sell that place to him for which he had offer'd him in vain great summs of Money and Lands in another place Nay some persons confidently affirm that the Minister had a mind to erect a small Soveraignty for himself upon the Meuse to retreat thither in case of necessity However it was 't is certain he loved the Duke of Bouillon at the bottom no more than he did the Count of Soissons Besides he was disgusted with the * See Siri Meâ— T. 1. l. 2. p. 352. Archbishop of Rheims Son to the Duke of Guise who had likewise retir'd to Sedan some years before because the Cardinal would not give him leave to resign good part of his Benefices to his Brothers as designing to marry Ann de Gonzaga Daughter to the late Duteness of Mantua The Cardinal would have had him renounce all his Benefices and surrender them into the Kings hands after which his Majesty was to grant him a Brevet by which he should be enabled to dispose of part of them in favour of his Brothers But the Archbishop searing they would laugh at him as soon as he had nâ—â—â— this renunciation withdrew to Sedan Upon this the King under pretence of repairing some buildiâ—â— which the Archbishop ought to have done sequesâ—erd his whole revenue and nominated an Aâ—m â—â—trator in his absence This Prince did all he coâ—â—d to be reconciled to the Cardinal but some difficulties arose which hindered them from coming to any conclusion But in the mean time the Prince de Joinville his eldest Brother and the Duke of Guise his Father happened to dye which made him take upon him the title of the Duke of Guise About this * Towards the end of the year 1641. Siri ib. p. 359. time a Gentleman was apprehended in Poiton belonging to the Duke of Soubise his name La Richerie just come from England who as they reported brought Letters from the Dukes of Soubise and la Valette to the Duke of Espernon and the Marquis de la Force wherein they perswaded them to raise the Hugonots in Guienne It was pretended thâ—â—â—â—e Quâ—en Mother and Madam la Chevreuse had a hand in the design The Marquis de la Force had received his Letters and sent them to the Cardinal but it was allâ—edged that he had kept them by hi◠〈…〉 this rendered him suspected Whether â—â—ese â—etters were real or no and whether la Richerie depâ—s'd what he knew or said what they would have him in the Bastile where he was imprison'd the report ran that the Count de Soissons was concerned in this conspiracy and that he was to enter Campagne with an Army while the Duke of Espernon and his Son acted in Brittany During the whole Ministry of the Cardinal there were so many true Plots and so many lies published that often 't is impossible to distinguish truth from falshood For as his Creatures took the depositions of the Prisoners and thâ—se â—â—at were acâ—us'd were not allowed to defend themselves according to the ordinary forms one cannot certainly know whether these prisoners deposed the truth or whether they did not swear as they were commanded However it 〈◊〉 the Count de Soissons positively denyed that he had any concern in this affair and 〈◊〉 Campion to Court to make protestations of his innocence The Cardinal without troubling himself to prove that he was guilty pretended to be partly satisfied with these assurances and answered 〈◊〉 â—ololy enough This Prince notwithstanding his absâ—â—â—e from Court still kept his place of Grand Master of his Majesty's house and sent sâ—me orders which the King would not suffer to be executed As this nearly concern'd him he tryed to confirm his orders but he was obliged to give way and ever since out time as 't is said meditated a revenge The Fâ—â—â— would not allow him to nominate to the 〈◊〉 Offices of his house which were in his dispoâ—â—d nor that any one should go to Sedam to beg them of him as till now they were accustomed to do He likewise stopt his pensions and revenues my he forbid any provisions to be brought to Sedan under a pretence that they were carried from thence into the Country of Luxemburg The Duke of Guise had not as yet quitted his Archbishoprick of Rheims and yet he enjoyed none of the revenues belonging to it altho he engaged Corraro the Venetian Ambassador to speak in his behalf All the answer that the Cardinal made was that he should deliver all his Benefices into the King's hands and after that they knew how to deal with him About the * Siri Mer. Vâ—t T. 1. l. 1. p. â—â—3 same time it was discovered that certain persons in the habits of Pilgrims had conspir'd against the Minister who being apprehended and sent to Prison accused the Duke of Vendome who was enlarged out of confinement after they had turn'd him out of all his places and who lived at a distance from Court with having engaged them in this enterprize As soon as the Duke was informed of it he sent the Duke of Beaufort his second Son in all haâ—â—e to Parts to demand of his Majesty that he would be pleased to permit his Father to come to Court to justify himself The Duke arrived almost at the same time at Paris where he was Incognito and sent to desire of the King that he might confront these Witnesses His demand was granted but instead of making his appearance he retired into England with the Duke of Beaufort preâ—ending that it was scandalous for a person of his Quality to be confronted with profligate mercenary scoundrels He was generally blamed for demanding an appearance and going off after he had obtained it and whether he was guilty or innocent there was without doubt great indiscretion in this management However it was the Dukes of Vendome and Beaufort served by this means to augment the number of the
fly to the end of the world than be brought to so scandalous a pass that contrary to all equity and justice his bare testimony was to go for valid without any personal appearance provided he would answer to the interrogatories of the Chancellor in the presence of seven Commissioners In the mean time Cinq-Mars having declared he would confess all if they would promise him his life the Cardinal sent Laubardemont the Register of this Tryal to him who promised it him upon condition he would speak the truth against De Thou who had as he pretended deposed against him He fell into this Snare and being interrogated on the 12th of September by the Chancellor and the other Commissioners he confessed all and as for what related to De Thou deposed that the Treaty with Spain had been communicated to him by Fontrailles at Carcassonne but that he protested against this design and heartily-condemn'd it Nay that he had said more than once that if he were not afraid of the great credit of the Criminals he would go to discover all to the King and that he had endeavour'd to disswade the Duke of Bouillon from this attempt which he thought would miscarry for several reasons Not long after De Thou was brought to his examination who at first denied all but being confronted by Cinq-Mars confessed all only he added that he had done all that lay in his power to make the Master of the Horse quit this enterprize that he had frequently quarrelled with him for coming to these extremities without considering what might be the consequence of them and lastly that being but very imperfectly instructed in this affair and having no proofs of it in his hands to convince the Criminals before the King he therefore did not look upon himself obliged to reveal all he knew of the matter especially since the Conspirators were not in a condition to make it succeed De Thou thought it the best way to confess all without suffering himself to be farther prest for fear of being put to the Rack which he extremely dreaded but could have avoided it by no means if he had continued to deny the fact The Kings Attorney General was of opinion that both of them ought to suffer for their crime All the Judges agreed that the Master of the Horse ought to dye for making a Treaty with the Enemies of the Crown De Thou was likewise found guilty of High Treason because he did not discover this Treaty as soon as he was made acquainted with it and for some violent presumptions that he had made it his business to engage the Conspirators in this union against the welfare of the State There were only two of the Judges that voted against their being put to death but Laubardemont urged an Edict of Lewis XI upon this occasion by which those that knew of any design levell'd against the Government and don 't reveal it are declared to be guilty of High Treason Thus they were condemned to have their Heads struck off in the Market place at Terreaux and the * See their Trial in the 2d Tome of the Merc. of Siri l. 3. and an Account of their Death same day Sentence was executed lest the King who had a great kindness for the Master of the Horse and might be induced to have some compassion for De Thou who was no farther a Criminal than as he had declined to accuse his Friend should pardon them The Cardinal still kept to his beloved Maxim never to destroy and one by halves and therefore prevented the Clemency of Lewis XIII by a speedy execution After all there is no question to be made but that the Accused were really guilty of designing to get the management of affairs into their own hands without the Kings consent and if they had accomplished their intentions the people had not been happier than they were under the Cardinal and in all probability the Enemies of France had only become more formidable by it Neither the King nor they according to the common opinion were in a condition to sustain the weight of affairs with such a resolution and conduct as the Cardinal had all along shown They were influenced by a principle of ambition and envy and did not act for the real good of the people and it was better for France that an Ambition supported by so little Conduct should prove fatal to the accused than to behold the greatest Minister she ever had perish by their intrigues and the King made a Slave to some persons who were more unfit to govern than himself However if the King had had the Courage to have pardon'd De Thou who was the least guilty among them he had won the applauses of the whole Kingdom and had not in the least sinned against the rules of good policy Chavignac a Hugonot Gentleman who had served under the Duke of Rohan and whom the Master of the Horse had got to be recalled to the Court to employ him in his designs was freed and acquitted because he refused to be concerned in this matter altho he openly profest himself to be an humble servant of Cinq-Mars 'T is certain his innocence appeared very clear since he so fortunately escap'd those Judges who as the world reported of them were ready to find all people guilty that the Cardinal had a mind to destroy The Duke of Beaufort was accused for having receiv'd a visit from De Thou who would have fain perswaded him to embark in this affair and the Cardinal who desired to discover all the Accomplices sent for him to Court and got the King to write to him upon that score The Duke made answer that he knew nothing of the matter but altho his Majesty writ to him thrice to come to him he judg'd it more advisable to pretend an indisposition and at last withdrew into England As for what concerned the Duke of Bouillon the King pardon'd him upon condition he would deliver up the City and Castle of Sedan to be annexed to the Crown without insisting on any other terms but his Life and Liberty and that he should intirely trust the Kings generosity as for what he might be pleased to give him by way of exchange * Siri Mer. T. 2. l. 3. c Aubery Mem. T. 2. p. 766 c. He obtain'd Letters of abolition dated the 15th of September at the end of which month Cardinal Mazarine went to take possession of Sedan with eleven Companies of the Guards As soon as he was set at liberty he took post to Montargis where the Cardinal then was to whom he made a visit after which without seeing the King he retir'd into Champagne to the Count de Roussi his Brother-in-law where the Dutchess of Bouillon was and from thence to a Castle which he had in Perigord This Prince was generally condoled for the loss he sustained but every body was surpriz'd that he should so easily be drawn into this design immediately after he had fortunately
ibid. Designs against them ibid. 63. Are in an ill condition ibid. Begin the War afresh ibid. 141. If in policy that person ought to have been let alone ibid. 142. A Treaty made with them ibid. 143. Laid asleep by the Cardinal a. 160. They obtain a Declaration in favour of them a. 169 170. They begin the War again a. 214 An Act of Oblivion granted to them ibid. 306. Attack'd and ruin'd in Vivarets a. 313. And in Sevines 314. They profess Obedience a. 315. Why they were not totally extirpated b. 317 J. James I. King of England His ill Conduct on the Marriage of his Son a. 87 163 Jars Chevalier of His Constancy upon the Scaffold b. 59 St. John de Angely besieged and taken a. 58 St. John de Lône besieged in vain by the Duke of Lorrain b. 167 St. John de Luz taken by the Spaniards b. 167 Imperialists formidable to France in the Year 1635 b. 137. An oversight they committed ibid. 138 Joseph Father a Capuchin What a sort of Man he was a. 105 349. Deceives the Mareschal d'Ornano ibid. 79. Goes to Ratisbonne a. 349. A Cardinal's Cap is demanded for him b. 160. His Death ibid. 223 Isles of St. Margaret and St. Honorat seized by the Spaniards b. 157. Regained b. 186 John IV. Elevated to the Crown of Portugal b. 261 K. Kaiserslauter taken notwithstanding the resistance of the Swedes b. 139 Kings whether it be advantageous for them and the People that they be absolute a. 202 L. Lamboi enters the Franche-Comté b. 167. Beats the Mareschal de Châtillon b. 322. Takes Dunchery b. 323 Lamboi endeavours in vain to relieve Arras b. 256. Attack'd in his Retrenchments and defeated by the Count de Guebriant b. 360 Landtgrave of Hesse Her Treaties with France b. 249 250 Landrecy taken by the French b. 187 Leganez Marquist of takes some places in Montferrat b. 185 226. Beaten by the Mareschal de Crequi ibid. 164. His Manifesto's b. 204. Besieges Casal b. 264. Raises the Siege ibid. 267. Endeavours in vain to relieve Turin b. 270 c. Call'd home from his Government of Milan b. 289. Commands in Catalonia b. 303. Gives Battel to la Mothe Houdancourt b. 357. Ends the Campagne b. 259. Is disgrac'd ibid. Lens taken by the French b. 295. Retaken by the Spaniards b. 326 Leon Bralart his Negotiation at Ratisbonne a. 349 Lesdeguieres Francis de Bonne Sieur de made a Duke and Peer a. 28. Created Mestre de Camp General of the King's Armies ibid. 55. Changes his Religion to be made Constable ibid. 66. Goes to Susa to confer with the Duke of Savoy a. 106 Goes to Turin with an Army to march against Genou a. 110. The Duke of Savoy and he differ in their Opinions ibid. 111. What Progress he makes a. 113 A misunderstanding between him and the Duke of Savoy ibid. 118 19. His Retreat in the sight of the Spanish Army ibid. 126. Falls sick and retires a. 127 128. His Death a. 195 Leucate besieged in vain by the Spaniards b. 186 League between France and Spain against England a. 225 League between France the Republick of Venice and the Duke of Savoy a. 94 League between France and the Duke of Savoy against the Genoueses a. 106 League in Italy 1635 between Savoy Mantua and Parma b. 152. The progress of that League 153 154 Longueville Duke of his Broils with the Court a. 12. Abandons Roan Ibid. 38. Writes a submissive Letter from Diepe ibid. 39 Longueville Dutchess of sent to Vincennes a. 319 Set at Liberty ibid. 320 Longueville Duke of and Son of the former in Piedmont b. 228. Commands the Duke of Weymar's Army in Germany b. 249. Joins Banier b. 255. Quits the Army ibid. Ordered to go and command in Italy 325 Lorrain seized by the King b. 115. Restored b. 286. Retaken b. 287 Lorrain Duke of draws a War upon himself by taking the part of Monsieur b. 10. Loses Moyenvic and several places ibid. 12. Is reconciled b. 24. Embroils himself afresh Ibid. 27. Makes his Peace ibid. 28. Breaks the Treaty afresh b. 65 66. Goes to Charmes and concludes a treaty there b. 73. Summoned to appear before the Parliament of Paris b. 86. Is treated with more gentleness b 91. Makes a pretended Donation of his Dukedom to his Brother ibid. 92. Beaten by the Swedes b. 97. Strives in vain to recover Lorrain b 141. Joyns Galas ibid. 142 Goes into Franche-Comté ibid. 167. Besieges St. John de Lône in vain ibid. 167. Is reconciled to the King b. 285. Would be divorced from his Wife b. 285. Joins himself to the House of Austria ibid. 287 Lorrain Dutchess of carried to Paris and the Vexation she there receives b. 114 And ill used by the Duke her Husband b. 285 c. Lorrain Nicholas-Francis Cardinal of endeavours to reconcile the King to his Brother b. 67 68. Offers to marry Combalet b. 69 Provokes the King b. 72. His Marriage with Combalet talked of afresh b. 74 81 82. Goes to Paris ibid. 81 Takes the Title of Duke ibid. 93. Marries his Cousin ibid. 95. Confined at Nancy ibid. 96 Makes his escape with his Wife 98 Loudun A Treaty concluded in that Village a. 9 Lewis XIII His Marriage the cause of Commotions a. 6. He reduces Normandy ibid. 37 c. Goes into Anjou ibid. 39. Is reconciled to his Mother ibid 44. Makes War against the Hugonots ibid. 49 c. Goes into Poitou ibid. 64. His jealousie and hatred of his Brother a. 190 191 212 30◠An ill Husband ibid. 194. Goes to the Army before Rochelle a. 218. Returns to Paris ibid. 229. Goes again to the Army before Rochelle a. 233. Demands Three Millions of the clergy a. 293. Chuses to go into Italy rather than give the Command of the Army to his Brother a. 306. Returns into France a. 311. And to Paris a. 315. Goes to Lyons and from thence into Savoy a 341. Falls sick at Lyons a. 355. Recovers and goes to Paris a. 356. Takes the Cardinal's part against his Mother ibid. 358 359 c. LEWIS XIII declares all those that were with his Brother guilty of High Treason b. 1. Issues out a Declaration against his Mother b. 4. Some Persons that calculated his Nativity punished b. 10. Goes into Lorrain b. 24. Returns thither ibid. 27. Goes the third time thither a. 67. Expresses some coldness towards the Cardinal b. 120. His harsh usage of his Mother b. 129. Goes into Champaigne and from thence into Lorrain b. 142. Returns to Paris b. 143. Declares War against Spain ibid. 148. Raises an Army to recover what the Spaniards had taken from him in Picardy b. 171. Weeps to see the Devastations in Picardy b. 173 Has some remorse for obliging his Mother to be so long out of the Kingdom b. 196. Vses her ill b. 222 c. Consults the Ministers about it b. 224. Orders the Duke de la Valette's Tryal against all Forms of Justice b. 225. Is in love with
Madam de Hautefort b. 251. Takes H. d'Effiat for his Favourite ibid. 252. Loves him exceedingly one while b. 253. Falls out with him b. 277. Being sick is at a stand whether he should go into Roussillon b. 329. He departs b. 332. Falls sick in the Camp b. 342. Goes to Narbonne and causes his Favourite to be apprehended there b. 345. Sees the Cardinal b. 347 Lewis XIII inclin'd to believe ill of others a. 69. Was cruel a. 65 313. Of a dissembling Humour a. 15 188. And melancholy b. 172. Could not part with a Minister that once governed under him a. 34. Fearful and distrustful a. 31 Lewis XIV his Birth b. 219 Louvain besieg'd in vain by the Hollanders and French b. 149 150 Luines Charles d' Albert Sieur de the beginning of his coming into Favour a 12. His great Power over the King ibid. 19. How much he was at a loss in State-Affairs ibid. 19 21. Made a Duke and Peer ib. 24. The Queen-Mother and he distrust one another ib. 32. Opposes the Promotion of the Bishop of Luçon ib. 47 49. Presses this Promotion ib. 51. Made Constable of France ib. 55. His death ibid. 60 Lude Count of Governour of the Duke of Anjou a. 89. Lunel a Capitulation for the surrendry of that Town which was but weakly defended a. 66 M. Maillé Urban of Brother-in-Law to the Cardinal a. 2. See Brezé Mansfeld Count of his Projects a. 99 Mangot Claude added as Partner to the Secretary of State a. 10. Has the Seals conferred upon him a. 14 Mantua See Charles de Gonzaga Mantua attack'd by the Imperialists a. 329. Attack'd a second time and taken ibid. 343 Margaret of Lorrain escapes out of Nancy in Man's Apparel b. 71 Marie de Gonzaga beloved by Gaston de Bourbon a. 222. Intrigues carried on for and against her marrying with him a. 290 c. 318. Is imprisoned a. ibid. Set at liberty ibid. 320 Marie de Medicis a short History of her Regency a. 4 5 c. Is deprived of it and imprisoned ibid. 16. Makes her escape ibid. 21. The difficulties she makes to return to Court ibid. 23 c. Sees the King near Tours ib. 26. Goes to Anger 's and will not stir from thence ib. 27. Makes her Party formidable a. 35. Deliberates whether she shall leave Anger 's ib. 40. Her Reconciliation with the King ib. 44. Is deceived by the Bishop of Luçon ib. A Declaration in her behalf a. 49. Is readmitted into the Council ib. 61. Presses to make Cardinal Richlieu a Privy-Councellor a. 69. Is desirous to give one of the Duke of Nonnie's Daughters in Marriage to Gaston ib. 221. Suffers herself to be led away with Predictions ib. Is countermined by the King and Cardinal a. 222 She begins to complain of the Cardinal a. 291. Her too violent carriage towards Mary of Gonzaga disapproved a. 320. Her vexation at the Duke of Orleans's retreat into Lorrain a. 321. Receives the Cardinal ill and breaks off with him a. 322 c. Takes too much Authority over her Son ib. 325. Falls out a-fresh with the Cardinal ib. 358 c. Vainly believes she had ruin'd him ib. 360. Is reconcil'd to him in appearance ibid. 263. Goes no more to the Council ib. 364. Goes to Compeigne without making up these differences a. 372. Apprehended at Compeigne ib. 374. Complains to the Parliament of Paris a. 374. Retires into the Low Countries ib. 375 Marie de Medicis The Declaration of the King her Son against her b. 4. Her vexation about her Palace b. 50. Complains of Gaston ib. 52. Is desirous to retire into England ib. 56. Willing to make her Peace ib. 76. Accused of a design to get the Cardinal assassinated b. 76. She is in vain desired to abandon her Servants b 78 80 88. Complains of Monsieur and would fain be reconciled to the King ibid. and 98. Writes to the Cardinal b. 99. She is asked to deliver Chanteloube St. German and Fabbroni ib. 101. 'T is propos'd to send her to Florence ib. 108. But she refuses ib. 109. Dissatisfied with her Domesticks ibid. Writes to Rome to confirm the Marriage of Monsieur b. 128. Complains to the Pope ibid. Writes to the King to persuade him to a Peace b. 129. Complains that they won't suffer her to have a Resident at Rome b. 131. Demands in vain to be restor'd b. 184. Goes into England and endeavours to be reconcil'd to her Son b. 219 c. The King answers her roughly and would send her to Florence b. 222 223. The Opinions of the Ministers of Lewis XIII about her return b. 224. Goes to Cologne b. 308. Where she dies b. 348 Marillac Keeper of the Seals a. 182. Imprison'd a. 362 Marillac Lewis made Mareschal of France a. 314. Apprehended in Italy ib. 262. His Tryal 28 c. Mayenne Duke of the Commotions he was concerned in a. 9 30 33. Killed before Montauban ib. 60 Mazarine Julius negotiates a Cessation of Arms between the Garrison of Casal and the Besiegers a. 348. His Negotiations in favour of the French a. 352 c. Mazarine for too much endeavouring to gain the Cardinal's Favour is call'd home by the Pope b. 158. Created Cardinal 308 Mailleraye Marquiss of discarded out of the Queen-Mother's Service a. 358 Mailleraye Marquiss of Grand Master of the Artillery b. 120. Attacks Hedin and takes it b. 239 241. Besieges Arras b. 256. Takes Aire b. 293. Obliged by the Cardinal Infanta to dislodge from before Aire b. 294. Takes Bassée b. 295. And Bapaume b. 296 Mello Duke Francisco of takes Lens b. 326. La Bassée ibid. Beats the Mareschal de Guiche b. 327. An oversight of this General b. 328 Merode Count of enters into the Country of the Grisons with an Imperial Army a. 326 Mirabel Marquiss of Ambassador of Spain in France a. 100 Monod the Jesuit his Intrigues against the Cardinal b. 199 200. The Cardinal angry with him b. 200 c. Montague Lord willing to treat with the Cordinal a. 239 240 Montauban the Siege of that City a. 58. Raised 59. At last reduced by the Cardinal a. 315 316 Montbazon Duke of employ'd to negotiate with the Queen-Mother a. 23 c. 31 Montcálvo taken by the Viscount de Turenne b. 288. Retaken by the Spaniards b. 292 Montjoy A Battle fought near this Mountain b. 298. Fortified b. 300 Montmorency Henry Duke of Admiral of France beats the Fleet of the Rochellers a. 146. Heads the Forces in Piedmont a. 344. Made Mareschal of France a. 355. Vndertakes to protect the Cardinal a. 356 Montmorency Henry Duke of what occasions the Cardinal gives him to be angry with him b. 34. Takes up Arms for Monsieur and receives him in his Government ibid. Is wounded and taken b. 35 36. His Tryal b. 42. A general Intercession made in vain for him b. 43 44. Beheaded 45 Monzon A design of the Spaniards upon this place comes to nothing b. 365. A Treaty concluded in this City a. 175
Cardinal b. 309 310 311 Richlieu See Plessis la Richerie apprehended accuses several Persons b. 310 Riviere Abbot of an unfaithful Servant of Monsieur a. 184. Imprisoned and set at liberty b. 178 Rochelle Forts built about that City a. 68. Makes War against the King a. 101. Burns some French and Dutch Ships ib. 143. Their Fleet is beaten ib. 147. They obtain a Peace a. 158. The English promise to relieve them ib. 165 c. Treat afresh with the King ib. 168. Of what importance this Place is to England ib. 210. Block'd up by a Royal Army a. 219. Demands Assistance of England ib. 210 220 c. A Digue that shut up the Harbour ib. 227. Continuation of its Siege a. 230 c. Extreme scarcity in that City a. 232. Endeavours in vain to shut out the unprofitable Mouths a 232 236. The English endeavour in vain to relieve it a. 234 238 c. The City parlies a. 241. Capitulates and surrenders a. 248 Rohan Henry Duke of Chief of the Hugonots a. 57. Throws Relief into Montauban a. 59. Causes Montpellier to surrender a. 67. He begins the War afresh ib. 141. Rises a third time ib. 214 293. Treats with the King 314 Rohan Henry Duke of goes to the Grisons b. 64. His Progress and Victories in the Valteline b. 156. Tries in vain to join the Duke of Savoy b. 164. Oblig'd to abandon the Valteline b. 189 191. Goes to the Duke of Weymar b. 207. Dies ibid. Rome the manner of treating with that Court a. 106 Rossiglione a Defeat of the Genoueses near that Place a. 115 Roussillon a Design to conquer it b. 329 Roye taken by the Spaniards b. 170. Retaken by the French b. 173 S. Salces taken by the Prince of Condé b. 241. Retaken by the Marquis of Spinola b. 242 c. Surrenders to the French b. 256 Sardinia a Descent made by the French Fleet upon that Island b. 185 Savoy conquer'd by Lewis XIII a. 342 Savoy the Broils of the House of Savoy after the death of Victor Amadeo b. 193 c. 224 c. 228 236 288 Savoy Cardinal of his Designs upon Piedmont b. 326 c. Siezes upon Nice and Villa Franca b. 232. Adjusts his Differences with France and with his Sister-in-Law b. 325. Turns the Spanish Garrisons out of Nice and Villa Franca ibid. Schenck a Fort taken by the Spaniards b. 151 Schomberg Count of loses his Office of Superintendant of the Finances a. 69. Made a Mareschal of France a. 139. Relieves the Isle of Rhée ib. 218. Commands a Body of Men by himself in Italy a. 348. Goes to relieve Casal 351 Scoti the Nuncio his Conference with Chavigny b. 236. Ill us'd by the Court of France ib. 238 Seguier Peter made Chancellor of France b. 157. Goes to interrogate the Queen b. 216 217 Senecey Marchioness of remov'd from Court b. 250 Serbellon John trick'd by the Duke of Rethel a. 226. Beaten by the Duke of Rohan b. 156. Besieges Leucate and raises the Siege b. 186 187 Serignan enters into Catalonia b. 297 Serravalle an Overthrow of the Spaniards near that Place a. 115 Sillery Commandeur of recall'd from his Embassie at Rome a. 74 Sillery Chancellor depriv'd of the Seals a. 72 Silvio Emanuel de Savoy defends Yvrée b. 289 S. Simon a Favourite of the King a 195 Sirvela Count of Governour of Milan his Incapacity in War b. 290. Displeases Prince Thomas of Savoy b. 324 Socoa taken by the Spaniards b. 167. Abandon'd b. 296 Soissons Count of retires into Italy a. 193. Complains of the Cardinal ib. 223. Received by the Count de Bethune in spight of the Cardinal ib. 224 Soissons Count of a discourse of marrying him to Combalet b. 13 26. Mortified by the Cardinal ib. 132 144. Commands the Army in Picardy b. 170. Is Lieutenant-General of the Army of Picardy b. 171. Joins with Monsieur against the Cardinal b. 174. Flies away and retires to Sedan b. 176. Negotiations on foot to bring him back b. 177. His Reconciliation b. 179 183. His new Quarrels with the Cardinal b. 308 c. 312. His Manifesto against the Cardinal b. 317. Declar'd guilty of High-Treason by the Parliament b. 321. Is kill'd in the Battel of Sedan 322 c. Sondrio taken by the Marquis de Coeuvres a. 98 Soubise beaten out of the Isle of Rhée a. 64. Takes Six of the King's Vessels at Blavet ib. 102. He makes a Descent in several places ib. 141. Goes into England a. 146. How he was receiv'd there a. 164 Sourdis Cardinal of his Opinion in the Assembly of the Notables at Fontainbleau a. 155 Spada the Nuncio his Negotiations in the Court of France a. 81 84. concerning the Valteline a. 95 136. Offends the Cardinal ib. 153 Spain the Weakness of that Crown in 1642. b. 335 354 Spain over-sighted in the Conduct of the Spaniards a. 128 Spaniards complain in the Year 1633. of the French b. 64. The Answer of the latter b. 64 65. Spaniards a great Errour they committed in assisting the King to take Rochelle a. 217 228 Spaniards A Pretence of Religion that they cunningly made use of a. 148 Spinola Ambrose his Advice upon the Siege of Rochelle a. 228. Condemns the Conduct of the Spaniards ib. Besieges Casal a. 343. Falls out with the Emperor's Generals and with the Duke of Savoy a. 347. Falls sick ib. and dies a. 348 Spinola D. Philip takes Pontesture a. 343 States of the Kingdom assembled under Lewis XIII a. 7 The States abolish'd in France a. 202 States-General of the United Provinces assist the King against the Rochellers a. 143. Their Treaty with the King in 1627 a. 217. Another Treaty with the King in 1633 b. 61. Weary of the War with Spain b. 145. Nevertheless make a League with France b. 146. Make some Offers to the Cardinal which he does not accept b. 168. Make a new Treaty with France b. 172 Strigio Count firmly espouses the Interest of the Duke of Nevers a. 225 227 Spire attack'd and taken by the French b. 135 Sweden their League with France renew'd b. 61 Swisses their ill Politicks a. 121 Sully Duke of banish'd the Court a. 5 Susa the Pass of that City forc'd a. 309 Surrenders to the French ibid. T. Targon Pompey Engenier endeavours in vain to shut up the Harbour of Rochelle a. 227 Tarragon block'd up by the French b. 302 c. Tellieres Count of Ambassador in England a. 80. Call'd home ib. 90. Themines Marquis of made a Mareschal of France a. 13. Has the Government of Bretaigne ib. 194. Thoiras John de S. Bonet of makes a Descent upon the Isle of Rhée a. 145. Fortifies himself there ibid. 210. Goes to Casal a. 311. Takes some Places by force a. 327. Press'd hard in Casal a. 342 346. Made a Mareschal of France a. 354 Thoiras Mareschal of Commands the Army of the Duke of Savoy in Quality of his Lieutenant b. 161. Is kill'd b. 163 Thomas of Savoy Prince enters into the