i_o have_v peruse_v this_o report_n and_o do_v licence_n george_n grafton_n to_o print_v the_o same_o jan._n 23._o 1689_o 90._o hen._n pollexfen_n the_o case_n of_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la against_o the_o city_n of_o london_n wherein_o the_o judgement_n in_o that_o case_n and_o the_o argument_n in_o law_n touch_v the_o forfeiture_n and_o surrender_n of_o charter_n be_v report_a london_n print_v for_o george_n grafton_n near_o temple-bar_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1690._o mich._n 33._o car._n ii_o in_o b._n r._n rot_v 137._o sir_n robert_n sawyer_n knight_n his_o majesty_n attorney_n general_n against_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n the_o information_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la set_v forth_o that_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n than_o last_o past_a and_o more_o use_v and_o yet_o do_v claim_v to_o have_v and_o use_v without_o any_o lawful_a warrant_n or_o regal_a grant_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n aforesaid_a and_o the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o same_o city_n the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n follow_v viz._n i._o to_o be_v of_o themselves_o a_o body_n corporate_a and_o politic_a by_o the_o name_n of_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n ii_o to_o have_v sheriff_n civitat_fw-la &_o com'_v london_n &_o com._n mid_a '_o and_o to_o name_n elect_v make_v and_o constitute_v they_o iii_o that_o the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n of_o the_o say_a city_n shall_v be_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o hold_v session_n of_o the_o peace_n all_o which_o liberty_n privilege_n and_o franchise_n the_o say_a mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n upon_o the_o king_n do_v by_o the_o space_n aforesaid_a usurp_v and_o yet_o do_v usurp_v the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n they_o appear_v by_o their_o attorney_n and_o plead_v plea_n plea_n i._o as_o to_o their_o be_v a_o body_n politic_n and_o corporate_a they_o prescribe_v and_o say_v 1._o that_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o that_o the_o citizen_n of_o that_o city_n be_v and_o by_o all_o that_o time_n have_v be_v a_o body_n corporate_a and_o politic_a by_o name_n of_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n that_o in_o magna_n carta_n de_fw-fr libertatib_n '_o angliae_fw-la in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v 9_o hen._n 3._o it_o be_v enact_v quod_fw-la civitas_n london_n '_o habeat_fw-la omnes_fw-la libertates_fw-la svas_fw-la antiquas_fw-la &_o consuetudines_fw-la svas_fw-la that_o in_o the_o parliament_n 1_o e._n 3._o that_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n de_fw-fr assensu_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la comitum_fw-la baronum_fw-la &_o totius_fw-la communitatis_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la and_o by_o authority_n of_o the_o same_o parliament_n have_v recite_v that_o the_o same_o citizen_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o make_n magna_fw-la carta_n and_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o other_o his_o progenitor_n have_v divers_a liberty_n and_o custom_n will_n and_o grant_n by_o authority_n aforesaid_a that_o the_o same_o citizen_n shall_v have_v their_o liberty_n according_a to_o magna_fw-la carta_n and_o that_o for_o any_o personal_a trespass_n alicujus_fw-la ministri_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la civitatis_fw-la libertas_n civitatis_fw-la illius_fw-la in_o manus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la ed._n 3._o vel_fw-la heredum_fw-la suorum_fw-la non_fw-la caperetur_fw-la sed_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la minister_n prout_fw-la qualitatem_fw-la transgressionis_fw-la puniretur_fw-la they_o plead_v also_o that_o in_o the_o parliament_n hold_v 7_o r._n 2._o omnes_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la libertates_fw-la franchesia_n &_o privilegia_fw-la civitatis_fw-la predict_v '_o tunc_fw-la civibus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la illius_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la successoribus_fw-la licet_fw-la usi_fw-la non_fw-la fuerint_fw-la vel_fw-la abusi_fw-la fuerint_fw-la authoritate_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la ratificat_fw-la '_o fuerunt_fw-la then_o they_o plead_v the_o confirmation_n of_o several_a late_a king_n by_o their_o charter_n as_o of_o king_n henry_n vi_o by_o his_o charter_n dated_n 26_o octob._n 23_o h._n 6._o king_n edward_n iv_o by_o his_o charter_n dated_n 9_o nou._n 2_o e._n 4._o king_n henry_n vii_o by_o his_o charter_n dated_n 23_o july_n 20_o h._n 7._o king_n james_n i._o by_o his_o charter_n dated_n 25_o sept._n 6_o jac._n 1._o king_n charles_n i._o by_o his_o charter_n dated_n 18_o octob._n 14_o c._n 1._o king_n charles_n ii_o by_o his_o charter_n dated_n 24_o jan._n 15_o c._n 2._o ac_fw-la eo_fw-la warranto_fw-la they_o claim_v to_o be_v and_o be_v a_o body_n politic_n etc._n etc._n and_o traverse_v their_o usurp_a upon_o the_o king_n ii_o as_o to_o the_o have_v elect_a make_v and_o constitute_v sheriff_n of_o london_n and_o middlesex_n they_o plead_v that_o they_o be_v and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v a_o body_n politic_n and_o corporate_a as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n quam_fw-la per_fw-la nomen_fw-la civium_fw-la london_n and_o that_o king_n john_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n in_o court_n produce_v date_v 5_o julii_n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la primo_fw-la grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v the_o elect_n make_v and_o constitute_v sheriff_n of_o london_n and_o middlesex_n imperpetuum_fw-la then_o they_o plead_v this_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n confirm_v to_o they_o by_o all_o the_o aforementioned_a statute_n and_o charter_n ac_fw-la eo_fw-la warranto_fw-la they_o claim_v to_o make_v and_o constitute_v sheriff_n iii_o as_o to_o the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n being_n justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o hold_v session_n they_o plead_v that_o the_o city_n be_v and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v a_o ancient_a city_n and_o county_n and_o the_o citizen_n a_o body_n politic_n that_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n date_v 18_o octob._n 14._o car._n i._o grant_v to_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n that_o the_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n of_o london_n such_o of_o they_o as_o have_v be_v mayor_n shall_v be_v justice_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o shall_v hold_v session_n &_o eo_fw-la warranto_fw-la they_o claim_v to_o be_v justice_n and_o hold_v session_n to_o this_o plea_n the_o attorney_n general_n reply_v respon_n respon_n and_o as_o to_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n be_v a_o body_n politic_n and_o corporate_a first_o take_v issue_n that_o they_o never_o be_v a_o body_n corporate_a and_o for_o this_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o country_n and_o then_o go_v over_o and_o plead_v that_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n assume_v upon_o themselves_o to_o be_v a_o body_n politic_n and_o corporate_a and_o by_o reason_n thereof_o to_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n to_o convocate_v and_o assemble_v and_o make_v law_n and_o ordinance_n not_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o the_o better_a government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o citizen_n and_o for_o preserve_v the_o king_n peace_n under_o colour_n and_o pretext_n thereof_o but_o respect_v only_o their_o private_a gain_n and_o profit_n and_o against_o the_o trust_n in_o a_o body_n corporate_a by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n repose_v assume_v a_o unlawful_a and_o unjust_a authority_n to_o levy_v money_n upon_o the_o king_n subject_n to_o their_o own_o proper_a use_n by_o colour_n of_o law_n and_o ordinance_n by_o they_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la ordain_v and_o establish_v and_o in_o prosecution_n and_o execution_n of_o such_o illegal_a and_o unjust_a power_n and_o authority_n by_o they_o usurp_v 17_o of_o septemb_n 26_o car._n ii_o in_o their_o common_a council_n assemble_v make_v constitute_v and_o publish_v a_o certain_a law_n by_o they_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la enact_v for_o the_o levy_n of_o several_a sum_n of_o money_n of_o all_o the_o king_n subject_n come_v to_o the_o public_a market_n within_o the_o city_n to_o sell_v their_o provision_n viz._n of_o every_o person_n for_o every_o horseload_n of_o provision_n into_o any_o public_a market_n within_o the_o say_a city_n bring_v to_o sell_v 2_o d._n per_fw-la day_n for_o every_o dosser_n of_o provision_n 6_o d._n per_fw-la day_n for_o every_o cartload_n not_o draw_v with_o more_o than_o three_o horse_n 4_o d._n per_fw-la day_n if_o draw_v with_o more_o than_o three_o horse_n 6_o d._n per_fw-la day_n and_o that_o these_o sum_n of_o money_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n and_o if_o any_o refuse_v to_o pay_v then_o to_o be_v remove_v from_o his_o place_n in_o the_o market_n and_o that_o by_o colour_n of_o this_o law_n the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n have_v illegal_o by_o
the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n next_o after_o the_o make_v this_o ordinance_n receive_v divers_a great_a sum_n of_o money_n in_o all_o amount_v to_o 5000_o l._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la in_o oppression_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o further_o that_o whereas_o a_o session_n of_o parliament_n be_v hold_v by_o prorogation_n and_o continue_v to_o the_o 10_o of_o january_n 32_o car._n ii_o and_o then_o prorogue_v to_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n than_o next_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n 13_o jan._n 32_o car._n ii_o in_o their_o common_a council_n assemble_v unlawful_o malicious_o advise_o and_o seditious_o and_o without_o any_o lawful_a authority_n assume_v upon_o themselves_o ad_fw-la censendum_fw-la &_o judicandum_fw-la dictum_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o prorogationem_fw-la parliamenti_fw-la per_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sic_fw-la fact_n '_o and_o then_o and_o there_o in_o common_a council_n assemble_v do_v give_v their_o vote_n and_o order_n that_o a_o certain_a petition_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o commons_o of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n in_o common_a council_n assemble_v to_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v exhibit_v in_o which_o say_v petition_n be_v contain_v that_o by_o the_o prorogation_n the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o public_a justice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o make_v necessary_a provision_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n and_o of_o his_o protestant_a subject_n have_v receive_v interruption_n and_o that_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n in_o the_o same_o common_a council_n assemble_v do_v unlawful_o malicious_o advise_o and_o seditious_o and_o with_o intention_n that_o the_o say_a petition_n shall_v be_v disperse_v among_o the_o king_n subject_n to_o induce_v a_o opinion_n in_o they_o that_o the_o say_a king_n by_o prorogue_v the_o parliament_n have_v obstruct_v the_o public_a justice_n and_o to_o incite_v the_o king_n subject_n to_o hatred_n of_o the_o king_n person_n and_o government_n and_o to_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v order_n that_o the_o say_a petition_n shall_v be_v print_v and_o the_o same_o be_v print_v according_o to_o the_o intent_n and_o purpose_n aforesaid_a by_o which_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n aforesaid_a the_o privilege_n liberty_n and_o franchise_n of_o be_v a_o body_n politic_n and_o corporate_a do_v forfeit_v and_o afterward_o by_o the_o time_n in_o the_o information_n that_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n of_o be_v a_o body_n politic_n do_v usurp_v upon_o the_o king_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o as_o to_o the_o other_o two_o plea_n viz._n the_o make_n and_o have_v sheriff_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n the_o attorney_n general_n imparles_n to_o mich._n term._n the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n rejoynder_n rejoynder_n as_o to_o the_o plea_n of_o the_o attorney_n general_n plead_v in_o assign_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o be_v a_o body_n politic_n and_o corporate_a protestando_fw-la that_o those_o plea_n by_o the_o attorney_n plead_v and_o the_o matter_n in_o the_o same_o contain_v be_v insufficient_a in_o the_o law_n to_o forejudge_v or_o exclude_v the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n from_o be_v a_o corporation_n protestando_fw-la etiam_fw-la that_o no_o act_n or_o deed_n or_o by-law_n make_v by_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o common_a council_n be_v the_o act_n or_o deed_n of_o the_o body_n corporate_a protestando_fw-la etiam_fw-la that_o they_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n never_o take_v upon_o they_o any_o unlawful_a or_o unjust_a authority_n to_o tax_n the_o king_n subject_n for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n or_o do_v ever_o levy_v or_o exact_v from_o the_o king_n subject_n come_v to_o market_n such_o yearly_a sum_n as_o in_o the_o replication_n be_v allege_v for_o plea_n say_v that_o london_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o england_n and_o very_o populous_a &_o celeberrimum_fw-la emporium_n totius_fw-la europae_n that_o there_o be_v and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v be_v divers_a public_a market_n for_o provision_n and_o merchandise_n within_o the_o say_a city_n to_o be_v sell_v that_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n have_v be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n and_o yet_o be_v seize_v of_o these_o market_n in_o fee_n and_o by_o all_o the_o say_a time_n at_o their_o own_o cost_v and_o expense_n have_v provide_v and_o have_v accustom_v and_o aught_o to_o provide_v at_o their_o own_o cost_n place_n for_o the_o hold_v the_o say_a market_n and_o stall_n and_o stand_v and_o other_o accommodation_n for_o person_n bring_v provision_n and_o merchandise_n to_o the_o say_a market_n and_o supervisor_n and_o other_o officer_n for_o the_o better_a preserve_n and_o order_v the_o say_a market_n and_o of_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o person_n come_v to_o the_o same_o and_o for_o the_o sustain_n and_o support_v of_o the_o say_a cost_n and_o expense_n by_o all_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a have_v have_v and_o aught_o to_o have_v reasonable_a toll_n rate_n or_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o person_n come_v to_o the_o say_a market_n for_o their_o stall_n stand_n and_o other_o accommodation_n by_o they_o for_o the_o better_a expose_v their_o commodity_n have_v and_o enjoy_v they_o further_o say_v that_o the_o citizen_n and_o freeman_n of_o london_n be_v very_o numerous_a viz._n 50000_o and_o more_o that_o within_o the_o say_a city_n there_o have_v be_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n a_o common_a council_n assemble_v as_o often_o as_o necessary_a consist_v of_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o of_o certain_a of_o the_o citizen_n not_o exceed_v 250_o person_n thereto_o annual_o elect_v call_v the_o commons_o of_o the_o say_a city_n that_o there_o be_v a_o custom_n within_o the_o say_a city_n for_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o common_a council_n to_o make_v by-law_n and_o ordinance_n for_o the_o regulation_n and_o government_n of_o the_o public_a market_n within_o the_o city_n that_o these_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n be_v confirm_v by_o magna_n carta_n and_o the_o other_o statute_n in_o the_o plea_n abovemention_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o city_n in_o septemb_n 1666._o and_o the_o alteration_n in_o the_o market-house_n and_o place_n thereby_o occasion_v for_o the_o establish_n and_o resetle_v the_o market_n within_o the_o city_n 17_o septemb_n 26_o car._n two_o the_o then_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o commons_o in_o common_a council_n assemble_v according_a to_o the_o say_a custom_n for_o the_o better_a regulation_n of_o the_o say_a market_n do_v make_v and_o publish_v a_o ordinance_n entitle_v a_o act_n for_o the_o settlement_n and_o well-ordering_a the_o public_a market_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n by_o which_o say_v ordinance_n recite_v that_o for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o market_n people_n with_o stall_n shelter_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o their_o stand_v in_o the_o market_n and_o for_o the_o amendment_n pave_v and_o cleanse_v the_o market-place_n and_o for_o the_o support_n and_o defray_v the_o incident_a charge_n thereof_o there_o have_v be_v always_o certain_a reasonable_a rate_n and_o duty_n pay_v for_o the_o same_o and_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o the_o say_v rate_n may_v be_v ascertain_v and_o make_v public_a to_o all_o market-people_n and_o the_o collector_n restrain_v from_o exact_v it_o be_v enact_v and_o ordain_v by_o the_o say_a common-council_n that_o the_o rate_n and_o sum_n in_o the_o replication_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n or_o upon_o refusal_n to_o be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o market_n and_o they_o aver_v that_o these_o be_v all_o the_o rate_n or_o duty_n pay_v and_o be_v reasonable_a sum_n to_o be_v pay_v and_o these_o they_o have_v demand_v and_o receive_v for_o the_o use_n and_o purpose_n aforesaid_a as_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v as_o to_o the_o other_o matter_n allege_v by_o the_o attorney_n general_n in_o assign_v the_o forfeiture_n they_o say_v that_o within_o this_o kingdom_n viz._n at_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n michael_n bassishaw_o london_n there_o be_v a_o execrable_a plot_n and_o conspiracy_n prosecute_v by_o papist_n to_o destroy_v the_o king_n and_o to_o subvert_v the_o ancient_a government_n and_o suppress_v the_o true_a religion_n in_o this_o kingdom_n establish_v that_o sir_n edmundbury_n godfrey_n take_v examination_n of_o witness_n and_o information_n of_o the_o same_o and_o also_o of_o the_o burn_a of_o london_n by_o the_o papist_n that_o divers_a of_o these_o conspirator_n have_v lie_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o and_o murder_v he_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o suppress_v his_o examination_n and_o to_o deter_v other_o magistrate_n from_o act_v in_o the_o discovery_n that_o green_n and_o other_o be_v try_v and_o hang_v for_o this_o murder_n that_o coleman_n and_o other_o be_v also_o try_v and_o execute_v for_o the_o same_o conspiracy_n that_o william_n lord_n powis_n
or_o scandal_n the_o king_n or_o his_o government_n and_o for_o these_o great_a crime_n commit_v by_o the_o city_n i_o pray_v judgement_n against_o they_o mr._n pollexfen_n upon_o another_o day_n for_o the_o city_n his_o argument_n in_o this_o case_n when_o i_o consider_v the_o greatness_n and_o consequence_n of_o it_o that_o it_o affect_v the_o king_n the_o parliament_n the_o law_n the_o very_a government_n under_o which_o we_o have_v live_v this_o great_a city_n of_o london_n and_o all_o other_o corporation_n and_o people_n of_o england_n and_o their_o posterity_n for_o ever_o i_o can_v but_o be_v trouble_v that_o i_o shall_v be_v the_o man_n to_o who_o lot_n it_o shall_v fall_v to_o argue_v it_o but_o that_o which_o comfort_v i_o be_v that_o your_o lordship_n and_o the_o court_n upon_o who_o the_o judgement_n of_o this_o great_a case_n depend_v will_v help_v out_o my_o defect_n and_o according_a to_o what_o be_v require_v in_o the_o great_a place_n you_o bear_v take_v care_n and_o provide_v that_o by_o your_o judgement_n the_o ancient_a government_n and_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n receive_v no_o damage_n or_o alteration_n the_o king_n counsel_n have_v on_o their_o side_n only_o some_o general_a word_n out_o of_o old_a record_n of_o forfeiture_n and_o seizure_n of_o liberty_n which_o be_v of_o uncertain_a and_o doubtful_a sense_n but_o there_o be_v not_o on_o their_o side_n produce_v any_o one_o precedent_n judgement_n or_o opinion_n to_o maintain_v the_o point_n in_o question_n viz._n that_o a_o corporation_n or_o body_n politic_a ever_o be_v determine_v or_o dissolve_v or_o take_v away_o for_o a_o forfeiture_n no_o not_o in_o the_o mad_a of_o time_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o and_z richard_z the_o second_o when_o the_o tumult_n and_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o they_o not_o only_o seize_v and_o take_v away_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n but_o the_o life_n of_o prince_n noble_n judge_n lawyer_n and_o all_o that_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n in_o those_o time_n though_o they_o have_v hunt_v and_o search_v with_o all_o diligence_n not_o one_o instance_n of_o a_o corporation_n take_v away_o or_o dissolve_v by_o a_o forfeiture_n be_v cite_v so_o that_o from_o hence_o i_o hope_v i_o may_v safe_o conclude_v that_o i_o argue_v in_o this_o case_n for_o the_o old_a and_o know_v law_n as_o they_o have_v be_v ever_o practise_v through_o all_o age_n and_o against_o that_o which_o never_o have_v be_v practise_v or_o know_v which_o be_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o i_o the_o plead_n being_n very_o long_o i_o shall_v only_o repeat_v so_o much_o of_o they_o as_o i_o use_v when_o i_o come_v in_o order_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o i._o the_o first_o thing_n proper_a to_o be_v speak_v to_o be_v the_o information_n itself_o and_o therein_o i_o make_v this_o question_n whether_o as_o to_o that_o part_n thereof_o that_o charge_v the_o corporation_n with_o usurp_a upon_o themselves_o the_o be_v of_o a_o corporation_n whether_o that_o be_v proper_o bring_v against_o the_o body_n politic_a as_o this_o be_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o particular_a person_n i_o do_v agree_v that_o as_o to_o the_o other_o thing_n mention_v in_o the_o information_n the_o have_v sheriff_n justice_n etc._n etc._n the_o information_n be_v proper_o bring_v against_o the_o corporation_n and_o i_o do_v also_o agree_v that_o it_o may_v be_v good_a as_o to_o those_o thing_n though_o bad_a and_o insufficient_a as_o to_o the_o charge_v the_o corporation_n with_o usurpation_n of_o their_o be_v without_o lawful_a warrant_n or_o authority_n and_o that_o i_o may_v come_v single_o to_o this_o question_n i_o do_v put_v out_o all_o the_o other_o franchise_n in_o the_o information_n and_o take_v only_o what_o concern_v this_o point_n and_o then_o the_o information_n as_o to_o this_o point_n charge_v that_o the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n of_o london_n by_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n last_o pass_v before_o the_o information_n do_v use_v and_o claim_v to_o have_v and_o use_v without_o any_o warrant_n or_o regal_a concession_n within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n the_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n follow_v viz._n to_o be_v a_o body_n politic_a re_n facto_fw-la &_o nomine_fw-la by_o name_n of_o mayor_n and_o commonalty_n and_o citizen_n and_o by_o that_o name_n to_o plead_v and_o be_v implead_v which_o liberty_n privilege_n and_o franchise_n the_o same_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n upon_o the_o king_n by_o the_o time_n aforesaid_a have_v and_o yet_o do_v usurp_v this_o be_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o information_n as_o to_o this_o point_n and_o whether_o this_o information_n thus_o bring_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n be_v sufficient_a in_o the_o law_n upon_o which_o a_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v or_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v bring_v against_o particular_a person_n be_v the_o question_n i_o conceive_v it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v bring_v against_o particular_a person_n and_o be_v insufficient_a as_o it_o be_v and_o that_o no_o judgement_n can_v be_v give_v upon_o it_o suppose_v the_o defendant_n have_v demur_v or_o plead_v nothing_o to_o it_o to_o make_v out_o the_o insufficiency_n i_o desire_v to_o consider_v what_o it_o import_v 1._o the_o very_a bring_v the_o writ_n and_o exhibit_v the_o information_n against_o the_o corporation_n import_v and_o admit_v the_o mayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n to_o be_v a_o body_n politic_a capable_a to_o be_v sue_v and_o implead_v respondere_fw-la &_o responderi_fw-la otherwise_o there_o be_v no_o defendant_n no_o person_n in_o court_n against_o who_o the_o suit_n be_v bring_v it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o the_o person_n sue_v be_v a_o person_n by_o supposition_n or_o a_o pretend_a person_n but_o none_o in_o reality_n if_o a_o writ_n or_o information_n be_v bring_v against_o a_o baron_n and_o feme_fw-fr this_o must_v admit_v that_o they_o be_v baron_n and_o feme_fw-fr real_o and_o true_o and_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n after_o in_o the_o writ_n or_o information_n that_o show_v that_o they_o be_v not_o true_o and_o real_o baron_n and_o feme_fw-fr but_o that_o they_o do_v wrongful_o and_o undue_o take_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v baron_n and_o feme_fw-fr when_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v not_o this_o will_v be_v contrariant_n and_o repugnant_a and_o abate_v the_o writ_n or_o information_n the_o like_a be_v suppose_v by_o the_o bring_v the_o writ_n or_o information_n against_o the_o body_n politic_a it_o suppose_v and_o affirm_v they_o real_o and_o true_o to_o be_v such_o and_o the_o subsequent_a affirmation_n that_o they_o usurp_v so_o to_o be_v and_o be_v not_o so_o real_o be_v contrariant_n and_o repugnant_a 2._o when_o in_o the_o information_n it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o ayor_n commonalty_n and_o citizen_n the_o liberty_n privilege_n and_o franchise_n of_o be_v a_o body_n politic_a re_n facto_fw-la &_o nomine_fw-la and_o to_o be_v sue_v and_o implead_v upon_o the_o king_n have_v and_o yet_o do_v usurp_v to_o usurp_v or_o do_v any_o act_n of_o necessity_n import_v and_o admit_v a_o precedent_a existence_n of_o the_o person_n that_o do_v usurp_v or_o do_v the_o act_n to_o the_o act_n do_v particular_a person_n may_v usurp_v and_o take_v upon_o themselves_o that_o which_o they_o have_v no_o right_n unto_o the_o person_n that_o do_v the_o act_n do_v before_o exist_v and_o have_v a_o be_v and_o when_o a_o corporation_n be_v say_v to_o usurp_v it_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v a_o precedent_n be_v the_o sense_n of_o usurpation_n in_o a_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la be_v the_o subject_n take_v upon_o he_o franchise_n without_o warrant_n my_o lord_n coke_n say_v b._n inst_z 1.277_o b._n that_o usurpation_n in_o the_o common_a law_n have_v two_o signification_n 1._o the_o one_o when_o a_o stranger_n present_v to_o a_o benefice_n and_o his_o clerk_n institute_v and_o induct_v he_o gain_v the_o advowson_n by_o usurpation_n 2._o the_o other_o when_o any_o subject_a without_o lawful_a warrant_n do_v use_v any_o royal_a franchise_n he_o be_v say_v then_o to_o usurp_v upon_o the_o king_n so_o that_o a_o usurpation_n suppose_v of_o necessity_n a_o subject_a or_o a_o person_n precedent_o in_o esso_fw-la that_o use_v the_o franchise_n or_o that_o do_v usurp_v that_o which_o be_v not_o in_o esse_fw-la that_o have_v no_o existence_n can_v use_v any_o franchise_n can_v usurp_v the_o very_a allege_v that_o they_o usurp_v do_v admit_v of_o necessity_n a_o existence_n precedent_n in_o the_o corporation_n such_o as_o can_v usurp_v or_o act_n and_o therefore_o this_o information_n be_v inconsistent_a with_o itself_o 3._o but_o another_o reason_n to_o prove_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v against_o particular_a person_n and_o can_v be_v against_o the_o body_n politic_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o judgement_n that_o must_v be_v give_v upon_o this_o information_n if_o
that_o time_n till_o within_o these_o three_o year_n i_o believe_v it_o never_o enter_v into_o any_o man_n thought_n that_o a_o corporation_n be_v forfeitable_a for_o far_a proof_n whereof_o divers_a other_o statute_n and_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o matter_n be_v argument_n 6._o 15_o h._n 6._o cap._n 6._o the_o statute_n of_o h._n 6._o that_o provide_v against_o abuse_n and_o exaction_n make_v by_o society_n incorporate_v by_o their_o by-law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o appoint_v a_o forfeiture_n of_o ten_o pound_n and_o of_o their_o power_n to_o make_v by-law_n to_o what_o end_n shall_v this_o be_v if_o the_o corporation_n themselves_o be_v forfeit_v or_o think_v so_o to_o be_v the_o statute_n of_o h._n 7._o recite_v the_o statute_n of_o h._n 6._o 7._o 19_o h._n 7._o cap._n 7._o and_o the_o exaction_n and_o abuse_n by_o fellowship_n by_o their_o by-law_n and_o ordinance_n and_o ordinance_n and_o appoint_v a_o penalty_n of_o forty_o pound_n upon_o a_o they_o exact_a money_n by_o a_o unlawful_a and_o unwarrant_v by-law_n not_o examine_v and_o sign_v by_o the_o chancellor_n and_o chief_a justice_n the_o statute_n of_o the_o 12_o h._n 7._o cap._n 6._o set_v forth_o grievous_a exaction_n by_o the_o fellowship_n of_o merchant_n adventurer_n 6._o 12_o h._n 7._o cap._n 6._o by_o their_o by-law_n and_o impose_v a_o penalty_n for_o the_o future_a the_o statute_n 22_o h._n 8._o 4._o 28_o h._n 8._o 5._o show_n like_o exaction_n by_o corporation_n upon_o apprentice_n by_o their_o ordinance_n and_o by-law_n provide_v remedy_n and_o enact_v penalty_n if_o in_o those_o time_n it_o have_v be_v think_v or_o imagine_v that_o a_o corporation_n have_v be_v forfeitable_a every_o of_o these_o offence_n forfeit_v it_o what_o need_v far_a remedy_n in_o the_o case_n of_o hoddy_n and_o wheehouse_n of_o excessive_a toll_n by_o the_o town_n of_o northampton_n eliz._n moor._n 474._o 39_o eliz._n in_o the_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la against_o a_o corporation_n 77._o palmer_n 77._o though_o the_o question_n be_v concern_v their_o take_a toll_n and_o whether_o they_o have_v forfeit_v their_o market_n or_o only_o their_o toll_n no_o thought_n of_o forfeit_v their_o corporation_n ever_o mention_v so_o that_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v with_o the_o tumultuous_a time_n of_o e._n 1._o e._n 2._o and_o r._n 2._o what_o be_v then_o do_v do_v plain_o show_v the_o corporation_n be_v not_o forfeit_a or_o dissolve_v that_o by_o all_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o proceed_n in_o almost_o all_o the_o reign_v of_o any_o length_n or_o duration_n from_o that_o time_n to_o this_o very_a case_n the_o opinion_n and_o thought_n of_o man_n be_v otherwise_o as_o by_o the_o statute_n and_o transaction_n appear_v not_o one_o opinion_n book_n or_o authority_n produce_v or_o to_o be_v find_v the_o great_a concern_v not_o only_o of_o this_o great_a city_n but_o of_o all_o other_o city_n town_n and_o corporation_n ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a all_o depend_v upon_o it_o and_o which_o be_v more_o than_o all_o the_o very_a government_n by_o law_n establish_v will_v be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o alteration_n by_o it_o i_o have_v argue_v long_o and_o try_v your_o lordship_n patience_n the_o weight_n and_o length_n of_o the_o case_n and_o rareness_n of_o the_o matter_n there_o never_o have_v be_v the_o like_o before_o in_o any_o age_n will_n i_o hope_v excuse_v i_o but_o beside_o the_o whole_a frame_n and_o foundation_n that_o the_o other_o side_n have_v lay_v be_v all_o build_v upon_o general_a undigested_a notion_n as_o i_o take_v it_o viz._n that_o abuser_n and_o misuser_n of_o liberties_n forfeit_v they_o without_o distinguish_v betwixt_o one_o thing_n and_o another_o that_o the_o word_n forfeit_v and_o seize_v liberty_n find_v in_o old_a record_n shall_v be_v authority_n to_o prove_v forfeit_v corporation_n or_o being_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a though_o no_o such_o thing_n then_o or_o at_o any_o time_n since_o till_o very_o late_o ever_o think_v on_o or_o imagine_v it_o be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o open_v and_o set_v forth_o these_o general_a notion_n and_o to_o explain_v and_o distinguish_v which_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v do_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v what_o the_o sense_n of_o they_o be_v how_o far_o they_o agree_v with_o law_n and_o justice_n and_o how_o far_o not_o and_o if_o in_o the_o do_v hereof_o or_o the_o set_n out_o the_o repugnant_a or_o inconsistent_a matter_n or_o opinion_n arise_v in_o this_o case_n to_o maintain_v this_o quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la i_o have_v express_v myself_o in_o any_o other_o manner_n than_o become_v i_o i_o humble_o beg_v pardon_n for_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v not_o reflect_v upon_o the_o cause_n nor_o prejudice_v it_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n if_o this_o information_n bring_v against_o the_o body_n politic_a for_o usurp_a to_o be_v a_o body_n politic_a aught_o to_o have_v be_v bring_v against_o the_o particular_a person_n if_o it_o be_v repugnant_a or_o contradictory_n that_o a_o corporation_n can_v usurp_v to_o be_v a_o corporation_n that_o a_o body_n politic_a or_o be_v can_v usurp_v to_o be_v a_o body_n politic_a or_o be_v before_o it_o have_v a_o be_v or_o to_o be_v that_o same_o body_n politic_a or_o be_v which_o it_o be_v when_o it_o do_v usurp_v if_o forfeit_v a_o franchise_n or_o liberty_n or_o other_o estate_n can_v determine_v or_o vest_n that_o franchise_n or_o estate_n in_o the_o king_n till_o the_o forfeiture_n appear_v on_o record_n then_o the_o old_a corporation_n suppose_v to_o be_v forfeit_v if_o it_o be_v so_o do_v notwithstanding_o and_o yet_o do_v continue_v in_o be_v there_o be_v no_o record_n to_o determine_v it_o and_o consequent_o that_o which_o be_v pretend_v a_o new_a one_o by_o usurpation_n be_v impossible_a if_o by_o seizure_n into_o the_o king_n hand_n as_o pretend_a the_o continuance_n of_o the_o corporation_n be_v intend_v how_o inconsistent_a be_v it_o with_o law_n or_o justice_n to_o continue_v any_o thing_n in_o the_o king_n that_o be_v wrongful_o usurp_v and_o the_o party_n to_o be_v punish_v fine_v and_o commit_v for_o usurp_a if_o mr._n attorney_n replication_n take_v issue_n upon_o our_o prescription_n to_o be_v a_o corporation_n and_o go_v over_o and_o allege_v several_a distinct_a cause_n of_o forfeiture_n can_v by_o law_n be_v maintain_v and_o in_o the_o example_n do_v introduce_v a_o way_n to_o bring_v all_o man_n estate_n subject_a to_o mr._n attorney_n will_v and_o pleasure_n for_o let_v any_o man_n right_o be_v as_o good_a as_o can_v be_v it_o will_v be_v scarce_o possible_a to_o defend_v it_o if_o such_o plead_n as_o in_o his_o replication_n be_v allowable_a by_o law_n then_o be_v the_o matter_n in_o law_n as_o much_o against_o we_o as_o possible_a yet_o mr._n attorney_n can_v have_v no_o judgement_n for_o he_o upon_o this_o information_n next_o suppose_v the_o information_n all_o good_a in_o law_n yet_o if_o the_o judgement_n record_n and_o authority_n that_o have_v be_v cite_v by_o they_o for_o seizure_n do_v plain_o show_v that_o seizure_n and_o forfeiture_n be_v very_o different_a in_o their_o nature_n that_o the_o corporation_n all_o continue_v notwithstanding_o the_o seizure_n and_o the_o seizure_n be_v only_o the_o king_n put_v in_o mayor_n and_o officer_n to_o act_v in_o they_o instead_o of_o the_o other_o elect_v or_o constitute_v by_o the_o corporation_n and_o they_o remain_v corporation_n by_o prescription_n to_o this_o day_n and_o never_o be_v forfeit_v dissolve_v or_o determine_v by_o such_o seizure_n if_o the_o general_a authority_n in_o book_n that_o the_o misuse_n or_o abuse_v a_o franchise_n be_v true_o applicable_a to_o franchise_n that_o be_v estate_n and_o interest_n grantable_a or_o conveyable_a from_o man_n to_o man_n and_o never_o be_v intend_v of_o such_o a_o thing_n as_o be_v rather_o a_o capacity_n or_o be_v than_o a_o franchise_n if_o there_o be_v no_o case_n or_o precedent_n or_o opinion_n to_o be_v find_v for_o it_o if_o of_o the_o contrary_a the_o particular_a case_n cite_v prove_v that_o where_o the_o corporation_n have_v by_o miscarriage_n forfeit_v particular_a franchise_n they_o do_v not_o forfeit_v their_o corporation_n if_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o corporation_n in_o england_n that_o have_v not_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o do_v something_o they_o shall_v not_o or_o omit_v to_o do_v something_o they_o shall_v and_o thereby_o forfeit_v their_o corporation_n and_o consequent_o all_o be_v usurper_n and_o their_o corporate_a act_n since_o do_v all_o void_a if_o the_o corporation_n here_o have_v do_v nothing_o but_o that_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z and_o common_a council_n be_v only_a delegate_n deputy_n or_o minister_n of_o the_o corporation_n for_o particular_a purpose_n if_o servant_n deputy_n or_o delegate_n do_v that_o which_o they_o have_v no_o authority_n to_o do_v they_o must_v answer_v for_o it_o in_o their_o own_o