to thrust ones Sicle into another mans Harvest and to meddle with things that properly belong to the State and Orders of Suethland who have never had ought in more or more ancient estimation then their fidelity and obedience toward their Kings and then whom it concerns none more that the right forme of Government should not be changed and if it were to have it restored The Sudercopian Parliament was convened by his Highness to whom with the Senators the King had committed the kingdome Not upon light grounds as the Ambassadours may have partly perceived by the Acts for it was necessary to call a Parliament neither was ought therein concluded derogatory to the regall Dignity or to the Patriall Rights nor were new Laws enacted but the old put in execution That which preserves tranquility of Religion generally received in a kingdome which executes the Laws abolisheth civill dissention establisheth the regall Oath and the hereditary Covenants doth more confirme then weaken the Regall Rights No man therefore will doubt but that his Majesty vvill have it unviolably observed and will thinke nothing can more conduce to the illustration and amplification of his Dignity It was called for his good not for sedition or disobedience neither was it unwitting to him for hee had been certified of the motives by Artizouskie in August preceding he protested indeed but the thing was done The power of calling Parliaments is knowne to be in the Supreme Prince when within the Kingdome but if otherwise it hath never been observed that Treason was imputed if they to whom the Government was committed did call a Parliament in the Regall absence so long as nothing was acted contrary to their Faith and Oath given This Kingdome hath some Presidents as in the times of Christian the first and John the second when the effects of the Regall Oath began to languish which may easily happen in the Kingly absence Forraign examples are not wanting nor argumentative proofs of the best learned in Politicks many years past as well of the Roman as of our Religion that the King being absent Parliaments may be kept without derogating from Majesty According to Cominaeus they swarve from the Law of Nations and the custome of their Ancestors who plot to root out the most laudable institution of celebrating common Counsels the greatest strength and establishment of a Kingdome Under Edward the second of England Charles the eighth and Lewis the eleventh of France and these also are Hereditary Kingdomes Parliaments have been called the King present In Germany it is no new thing for the States to convene against the Emperors mind and it is yet fresh in memory that the like hath been done in Poland the King even this Sigismund the third not only unwilling but also prohibiting and protesting against it which is not here mentioned to accuse others for all men have judged Parliaments to be lawfull when publikely called for weighty causes and not contrary to the good of King and Kingdome albeit against his mind being absent Confederacies opposite to the Regall Dignity Praeeminencie and Rights have not been undertaken as is unjustly objected Such savour of Sedition which never entred into the thoughts of the Suethes Conspiracy is close treacherous distructitive to King and Country but Parliaments are lawfull and do fortifie both It is therefore Illegall to taxe the Suethes of treason for so convening when as the same appeares not to be forbidden them by any Law but unto Kings is not permitted to Enact Lawes without the Peoples consent no more then to governe the people contrary to the Law and without the assent of the Senators The more weighty inducements to that Parliaments indiction were the publike Debts the unpaid stipends of the Soldery whose Military Vertue is not unknown to any the setling of Dowries whereunto extraordinary collection was necessary which by the Lawes of Suethland the King himself when present cannot compell without a Parliament His Majesty was absent whose part it was to cleere the debts of his Father and the Kingdome which cannot stand safe without salving the publike Faith Another motive was that in the Form of Government prescribed severall things seemed wanting in conformity to the Lawes and Regall Oath whereunto the Orders of the Kingdome conceived they ought to adhaere the more constantly by reason of discords about Religion which were not when the right of Hereditation was conferred upon the Regall Family To the said Form the Senatoriall Votes were also requisite without which the King is by our Laws forbidden to settle ought of the Kingdoms more weighty Affaires These reasons may suffice for the calling of that Parliament albeit more might be given Let us now discusse the heads of what was therein concluded It is reputed treason that some are removed from Office that the Regall Letters receive not due regard that appeales to the King are prohibited with sundry others To all which articulate answers shall be made that so the innocency of the Suethes may appeare to equall minds That some are reduced is not denied and if the Ambassadors were acquainted with the reasons not unjustly for some could not be admitted to beare rule without infringing the Regall Oath Others refractory to the publike peace had like members lost from the body not only separated themselves from the Sudercopian Decree but from others also of greater antiquity which had been by Regall Oath confirmed not without suspition of innovation which is mostly studied by such as esteem nothing more then to be pleasing to the Supreme Majestrate without discerning what is just and commodious for the Common Weale and so to grow upon the ruines of others yet these are permitted to enjoy the benefit of the Lawes and ordinary Priviledges It is moreover to be considered that the more honourable Offices of this Kingdome cannot be immediatly rightly conferred by the King howbeit fixed within the Kingdome unlesse that first if One be to be admitted into the Senatoriall Counsell if into any other great Office the Provinciall Votes have conceded to One of Three Neither can Judges the King even present be otherwise appointed But he remaining out of the Kingdome by his Vice-gerent which Office the Kingdomes Sewer as they here term it did anciently by vertue of a certain Law discharge in the Regall absence This is testified by the Laws themselves by the priviledges of sundry Kings and famous Constitutions of the Kingdome for above five hundred years as also by the union of these three Kingdomes in the Raignes of Queen Margaret and of the Kings Ericke Christopher John the second and Christierne the first and second Come we now to the point of appealing It is not unknown to any that the most High God hath Instituted the Supream Magistrate for a Sanctuary and refuge to the oppressed So that appeales to the King and to those that beare rule and such as the King hath appointed as chief in his absence are lawfull even by the
Incendiarismes Sacriledges and mens minds so exasperated that a Civill War seemed to be rendred perpetuall And whilest one Party endeavoured a Propagation the other a defence of Religion no roome for Religion appeared to be left by either the blood of their Kings and Princes partly extirpated And they thus tearing out each others bowells a third invades pretending indeed Religion yet perhaps more gaping after the Gallican Dominion as being accustomed to have kingdomes fall to his share for reimbursement of Costs But return we to Flemingius who in time of peace enrolls assembles entertaines Forces to what end meerly to consume what the Enemies have left to destroy those Subjects whom the Wars had spared Infinites of them complaining that their marrow blood and bones are suckt Let his Majesty be moved with the miseries of Finland which bordering on the Russian was made the Seat of War mostly by our owne and likewise exposed to the Enemies incursions and depredations but now more calamitously exhausted by waging and entertaing a not necessary Souldiery The King is obliged by Oath to protect and vindicate the Innocent and the Needy from all Injuries whatsoever and to preserve the publike peace How much more prudently may his Majesty abolish not nourish discord by the misery of the Subject wherewith doubtlesse God is offended Let his Majesty command a deposing of Armes and that all Controversies may be judicially desided To restrain Compatriotall hands from mutuall Massacres is the part of a most Excellent Pious and Christian King Let his Majesty write and command things honourable for himselfe and the kingdome Obedience shall follow for such as are other let a suspension be permitted And as Mahetas appealed from the sentence of Philip of Macedon to the same King better informed even so the Suethes His Highnesse and the Senators do moreover beseech that during his Majesties Raigne and his Highnesse Vice-gerency assisted with the Senatoriall Counsells the kingdomes Lawes may not suffer subvertion When Charles the fifth after Royall Entertainment in France by Francis then there Raigning had at the request of the said King created some Knights and Barons their Honours were afterwards disputed and concluded invalid because conferred in anothers Dominion wherein he had not Right of Majesty the Dignity of each Realme salved For those Rights are no where preserved but in the kingdome where they are legitimate transported abroad they are easily obscured Suethland hath written Lawes and famous Constitutions from the times of Queen Margaret Ericke the 13th Albert and other Kings not abolished nor antiquated wherein is expresly provided that the Kingdomes Affaires shall in the Regall absence be administred by the Native Counsellours Peers and great Officers of the same Neither are the Royall Commands when given without the Kingdome to be obeyed further then they shall by the Counsell be approved and this is ratified by evident Lawes Regall Oathes and Hereditary Covenants Writings are extant between King Gustavus and Ericke the 14th his Son whereby upon his intended Voyage for England to have matched with Elizabeth that Nations Queen he was expresly bound to refer all the Affaires of Suethland unto the King his Father or he being dead to the Vice-gerent and the Senators And when afterwards he should the second time have undertaken the like to commit them to John Duke of Finland Governour afterwards King of Suethland together with the Senators Let it be moreover considered how fully and sufficiently either Realm was provided for at the marriage of Philip of Spain with Queen Mary of England that the Pre-eminency and Dignity of each might be preserved entire and not wander with the Kings Person into a strange Kingdome Yet both are hereditary but the Argument expressed in our Laws is much more forcible for the King is obliged even here remaining to govern Suethland by the counsel of the native Senators not strangers how much more therefore when remote and necessitated to use the Eyes and Ears of others the Senators also of this Kingdome are tyed by Oath to admonish the king seriously and frequently to preserve the kingdomes Laws and Royalty unviolate which albeit it be no easie task yea for the most part undeservedly dangerous yet they have willingly undergone it and discharged their parts at his Majesties being here so as the Ambassadors present trouble might have been spared if time had been then improved for the kingdomes affaires were begun to be treated with fidelity and due diligence but hardly could the Inauguration be proceeded unto without great difficulty and longer contest then was meet about things not ambiguous formerly sworne unto and confirmed The forme of Government by diverse counsells and alterations was protracted even to the time of departure no consent of the Senate concurring and it was manifestly purposely so done by advice of persons not well affected to this Kingdome or ignorant of affaires or fit to be ejected from the Results of Suethland or lastly such as had secretly concluded the Kingdome should be Governed by the rule of Succession but the Suethes by that of Servitude This they detest the other they submit unto and will maintaine unviolably as the bond of their Liberties preservation and increase not of obtrusion of slavery which the hereditary Covenants do clearly demonstrate No Taxe or Tribute was commanded in that Parliament but a voluntary supply tendred according to the Legall form for causes in the Law expressed Viz. Repairing the charges of War The matter of money as of no great concernment was almost forgotten for the priviledge of coining hath been conceded to severall Princes and Cities without violation of Majestie At Vastena money is coined with the conjoined names of his Majesty and the Prince his brother with which impression the King his Father had coined in signe of Concord at the beginning of his Raigne and soone after voluntarily conferred the said priviledge upon the Duke his brother during life This is the answer thought meet to be given to the Lords Ambassadors and it is most earnestly desired that the same may be accepted without offence to his Majesty whom the State and Orders of the Kingdome do honour and reverence with all integrity and fidelity and albeit the same be at length yet is it not that the Suethes are obliged to render account to any but his Majestie and he within the Kingdome but that their cleerness from the treason tacitely implied may appeare to all the World Sundry other Stigma's are cast upon that Sudercopian Transaction which by this Kingdomes Lawes and Statutes will be easily evinced Albeit they acknowledge the States and Orders of Poland and Lithuania for fellow Subjects under the most just Empire of one and the same King yet not for Judges The said Orders may understand that his Highnesse and those of Suethen dissent not from them in any thing but least in the love of concord and hatred of dissention nor can ought be more acceptable to them then a composure of all
Commissioners of whom Colonell Peblitz being chiefe sate above all the Princes at the upper end of the Table all the Propositions were directed to him and he in right of the Elector Palatine had the opening of all Letters which was an absolute concession of the Electorall Title and Dignity and as great an Exauthorization of the Bavarian and his pretences as that Assembly could give For the effecting hereof the prudent intervention of Sir Robert Anstruther Lord Ambassador Extraordinarie from great Brittaine to that Dyet who had with good approbation discharged the like high trust under King James and the late King to severall Princes of Germany to the King of Denmarke as also to the Emperor Intervallatim by the space of thirteen yeares was not meanly prevalent There were present besides the Ambassadors of other Princes and the Deputies of the Imperiall Cities in the forenamed foure Circles as Noremberg Strasburg Francefort Auspurg and others the Lord Chancellour Oxenstierne also whose Title in this Dyet was Councellor Chancellor and Extraordinary Ambassador for the most Illustrious and High borne the Hereditarie Heyre and Princesse of the Crown of Suethen The restitution of the Palatinate ad integrum was decreed in this Dyet and for the regaining of some places as yet possessed by the Enemy the Chancellor engaged his word as General of all the Forces which charge he having modestly refused at the first offer accepted at the second Whereupon the direction of the whole War and affaires of State was committed unto him in the name of the Imperiall States and the Crown of Suethen Neither did this Union receive small luster by the conjunction of the French King represented by the Marshall de Feuquier's there present As also by the Declaration o◠the Duke Elector of Brandenburg which followed soone after in favour of what there transacted Account of the whole passages of that Assembly but especially of that restitutionary decree was by his Lordship upon his returne to Francfort sent into England by Mr. Richard Hurst One and the First of his Secretaries His Lordships Negotiation with the Landtgrave of Darmestadt to whom he soone after repaired for the gaining of his concurrence with that Assembly was uneffectuall albeit he left no stone unmoved But interest and ambition are maine obstacles to the attaining of just desires That Landtgrave had been much entrusted by the house of Austria and in recompence of his affection was by the same invested with the spoiles of his Neighbours Two Mannours or Lordships belonging to the House Palatine had been committed into his of his Fathers hands by the late King of Bohemia they being then good friends but disputes arising afterwards between them grew to a quarrell whereupon Count Mansfeldt invading the Landtgraves Countrey took him prisoner and so detained him certaine dayes but his liberty being regained and the Emperors affaires prospering he procured as a recompence for his sufferings a grant from the Emperor not onely of those two Mannours but of severall other Lands likewise belonging to the Counts of Solmes Isenberg Lewensteyne and others followers and domesticks of the Prince Elector Palatine The Elector Duke of Saxony one of whose Daughters the foresaid Land-Grave had Married was next Solicited by great Britaines Ambassador yet neither would he joyn in the Transactions of Heylbrun or in the attribution of the Electoral Title Dignity or Possessions to the yong Prince Palatine nor afford the Title of Administrator to his Uncle the Duke of Simmern Albeit as he professed to his Lordship he did not ommit the same out of any want of respect to the King his Master or of affection to the House Palatine but as not having then consulted the States of his Countrey which he said it was necessary for him to do before he could performe so publike an Act and that he hoped to obtaine the same by Treatie Whereby the Troubles of Germany as he conceived would sooner be ended Hereupon Replyes were reiterated but nothing save words gained The King of Suethens death seemed to have much altered that Elector from his former professed intentions But it was indeed conceived that he the rather declined those rights to the house Palatine to worke a concession from the young Prince unto his said Son in Law of the two forementioned Manno 〈…〉 s Next that himselfe might enjoy the Cheife direction of Affaires amongst the Protestant Princes of Germany which of right belonged to the house Palatine As also to thwart what the Circles had done in the Assembly at Heylbrun with the particular account of the Electorall and Land-gravian Treaties the Relator was by his Lordship sent for England from Dresden that Electors Chiefe and Residentiall City In the mean time the Confederate Princes and Cities having constituted amongst themselves a Directorium or settled Counsell for the better carrying on of the Work gave the Presidency thereof as aforesayd to the Great Chancellour of Suethen Axelius Oxenstierne as well in contemplation of the merits of that late Great Monarch as of the necessity they stil had to retaine the assistance of the Suethes untill the interest of the Princes and Cities of that Union and of the House Palatine together with that of the whole body of the Germane Protestants might be settled either by Treaty or otherwise and not the least in regard of the great Sagacity and deep insight in the managing of Affaires acquired by a long experimented practice and grounded upon the Rock of a most sound and well fortified judgment wherwith that great Personage was endowed The various successe of the Armies and their continuance drawing upon the associated Princes Circles and Cities a vast expence of Treasure wherby those Countries became exhausted and the Palatinate being upon its restitution assessed at a monthly Contribution which howbeit lesse in proportion then the other Contributary Countries were rated at that devasted Principality was not able to furnish the late King was solicited in deficiency of his Nephews Estate yet no way therto obliged by any Stipulation or other Act publike or private so cautiously had his fore-named Minister managed his Masters Interest Hereupon by the Privy Counsell of England it was thought meet that some one should be sent over to scrutinize into the condition of the Palatinate as also into the Deportments of the Suethes concerning whom I may say upon certain knowledge that during the Assembly at Heylbrun as also before and after the Chancellour made great expressions of respect to his Majesty and his Relations in Germany the reality wherof was not meanly testified by the free restitution of the Palatinate after their King had recovered the same from the Spaniard and by his promise that the Forces then before Frankendale if I mistake not and Heidelberg should not be withdrawn but re-inforced untill those two strong Peices were likewise regained which he performed at his return to Francfort by sending the Prince Birkenfeldt with six
the premises at Stockholme the fourteenth of March 1633. Thus was the young Princesse Christiana then aged about seven yeares designed Queene of Suethes Goths and Vandalls c. as before fully expressed conforme to what had been decreed in her Fathers time at the forespecified Stockholmian Parliament An. 1627. Her Person and Kingdome was governed by the Tutors untill the yeare 1650. in which she was Crowned and hath since in a continued single condition swayed that Scepter more absolutely the Surname of Augusta may be not unduely attributed unto her for certainely that Princesse happy in a wise Councell and valiant Commanders hath done great things and for many yeares since her Fathers death hath held up the Bucklers against the Imperiall and Austrian Forces even in the heart of the Empire and left it unconstrained with honourable conditions both for her selfe and her Allyes Casimirus King of Poland Great Duke of Lithuaniae c c. Ao. 1649 But this Princesse borne bred and habituated to raigne hath in one late action outstript all her former by resigning uncompelled that the World hath heard of that Crown and Kingdome unto her Kinsman the present King A concession to be admired and which after Ages will perhaps account rather fictitious than true Examples of such great voluntary renounciations seldome hapning amongst men nor doe we reade of more than two Dioclesian a Heathen divested himselfe of the Imperiall Wreath Charles the fifth likewise after a forty years Regall and thirty six years Imperiall Domination in the fifty and sixth of his age surrendred his Kingdomes to his Son Phillip and the Empire to his Brother Ferdinand But from the weaker Sex which by how much it is so is the more avidously tenacious of Power by what meanes soever acquired as Histories Divine and humane doe testifie none to be excepted nor any equall President to be produced Neither had this Lady those motives which may be conceived to have induced that great Emperor last named to quit his severall Soveraigneties thereby to live eternally in the memories of men As the neernesse of Relations mentioned his advance into years under the burthen of such occasions as could not but render him sensible of having received as he had caused unto others infinite toiles and troubles having undergone nine Voyages into Germany six into Spaine seven into Italy foure into France ten into the Low Countreys two into England two into Affrica besides eleven times traversing the maine Ocean Certainely He having been mostly Successful in continued Wars might be apprehensive of a Reverse of fortune and therfore not unwilling to prevent it as he did by a Monasticall Retirement But this Princesse never exposed to personall hazards hath denuded her selfe of a Royalty and therwith invested her neerest Kinsman yet more remote then either a Son or a Brother What Women do we read of that ever refused ought of Glorious Much lesse doth History record any Princesse who in the prime of her years hath freely relinquished a long continued hereditary devolved Possession of a Diadem this Lady excepted who by this Conquest over her self hath atchieved a greater then by all her Commanders she ever could which happily may incite some accurate Pen to afford the World an Elogium befitting the Magnanimity of that Act in one of the fairer Sex then which former Ages have not preduced a more lofty Subject wheron to ground the Gallantry of a Discourse That Queen hath all along demonstrated a good inclination to preserve a faire correspondency with England even in the heat and height of its late troubles In An. 1644. Shee sent Mr Hugh Mowet her Agent to the Parliament then sitting in which publike Ministry he was employed about two yeares Neither did he make in all that time the least addresse or application elsewhere Severall subsequent entercourses have since continued the Amity between this and that Nation Neither have her respects as well to our present Government as to the Person of his Highnesse the LORD PROTECTOR been obscurely testified by her solemne Reception and honourable Entertainment of the Right Honourable the Lord Whitlock late Ambassadour Extraordinary in Suethland and by her faire compliance with what desired for the good of both Nations which having concluded and as witnessing to the World that She would Dignifie that Act by rendring it the last of her Raigne she soon after resigned her Kingdome Crown and Scepter unto CAROLVS GVSTAVVS the present King of Suethes Gothes and Vandals Great Prince of Finland Duke of Esthonia and Carelia Lord of Ingria who hath ratified the same and setled a future good understanding between the Realmes of England and Suethland by a most Solemne and Magnificent Embassie He was borne in Ostrogothia about the year 1620. if information erre not Son to the most Illustrious Prince John Casimir Duke of Zwey Bruchie descended from the Electorall House Palatine and of the most Illustrious Princesse Catherina eldest Daughter to the often fore-named Charles the ninth King of Suethland and half Sister to the Great Gustavus Adolphus He was in England An. 1640. since which time he hath been Generalissimo of all the Suethish Forces in Germany and there gave beginning to those great expectations of himselfe which have rendred him the desire of the Suethes who have Crowned him their King in An. 1654 He was as I have been informed entitled to that Kingdome by Act of that Nations Parliament in the year 1650. if the then Queen Christina should decease without lawfull Male Issue His early great Commencements as well before as since his Exaltation to that Crown do promise an equall progresse and the addition of Semper to his sur-name of Gustavus which literis transpositis is Augustus for a perpetuating of the Glory of that Gustavian Line unto whose name and Scepter he hath so happily succeeded as his late Armed Entry into Poland and Successe hitherto may seem to witnesse The Motives that induced him therunto the Curious may read in his Letter to the present Emperour Ferdinand the third dated from Wolgast in the month of July of the year currant 1655. But leaving this Digression In the Treaty of Pacification continued Vicissitudes may be seen somtimes hopes of accommodation other whiles nothing but present rupture to be expected about empty Airey Titles or not much more And when things seeme most desperate and without mediate meanes of reconcilement the stiffer Partie comes fairely to hand by a gentle complyance We may observe the Mediators turne Parties for precedencie and formalities which in a just valuation what amount they unto thereby necessitating in a manner the Parties to become Mediators and so make compensation for Offices received In its Signature how little trustis to be imputed to the assurances of great ones doe they not measure observation of promises by the rule of Interest or selfe pleasing In the Ambassadors life we may see one nobly descended sprung from a race of Ancestors honoured by
Not consented unto The Regall Declaration Unsatisfactory to the Duke Regall assecuration Propositions made by Duke Chalres King Sigismund retires to Lincopia Letter of Duke Charles Answer Reply Another Letter from the Duke Safe conduct interchangable granted Assertions of the Suethes Further assertions Vide Exegis Historiaca Sueciae page 233 234. Treaty of Pacification at Lincopia between the King and Duke Shipping restored The King steers to Calmar in stead of Stocholme Friendly Letter from King Sigismundus to Duke Charles The Dukes answer Second Letter Ducall reply King Sigismundus requires more Ships for the transporting of his Army and sundry things to be restored The Prince was born in England An. 1565 whose Mother the Lady Cecily Daughter to King Gustavus Erickson and Sister to Erick Iohn and Charles all Kings of Suethland Wife to Christ Marquesse of Baden came then into England to visite Queen Elizabeth and by the Queen his God-mother named Edvardus Fortunatus The Duke complains of the Kings going to Calmar King Sigism excuseth his going to Calmar Promiseth a repair to Stocholme Promise not kept the King returned to Dantzig Parliament at Ienecopis The Dukes Letter and Objections to King Sigismund Letter to King Sigismundus from the Parliament of Suethland The Prince his Son invited to be there educated and to receive the Crown No answer returned Parliament at Stocholme Rejection of King Sigism His Son Uladislaus accepted of conditionally Parliamentary Letters to King Sigismundus not answered Parliament at Lincopia Dnke John declined Dukedome of Ostrogothes conferred on Duke John King Sigism with his Heirs rejected Duke Charles designed King of Suethland Gustavus Adolphus to succeed After him Duke Iohn conditionally Triall of Captivated Senators Sentence of execution Others pardoned Some but repreived Sentence in Finland against Arvidus Gustavus and Axell Kurck confirmed by Parliament Other offendors for smaller Offences gradually punished by losse of goods or Fine Second Parliament at Stocholme Duke Charles again solicites King Sigism to send his Son into Suethen No answer returned but new broiles raised Further Objections The same continued Parliament at Norcopia Heads of what therein transacted Duke John renounceth his pretence to the Crown of Suethland Duke Charles contented to accept of the Crown Hereditary union renewed reformed Duke Charles pronounced King and his eldest to succed The younger to enjoy his Fathers Dukedomes Male issue of the eldest failing the second to succeed That also failing in him Duke Iohn to inherite the Crowne The Female Regall and Ducall issue adopted into the succession This hath reference to the fore-cited Parliamentary conclusions at Stocholme the seventh of March 1590. but is here imperfect in the Original as wanting the words Eldest unmarried as is there expressed Provision for younger Regall and Ducall daughters conditionall The daughters and sister of King Sigismund rejected No Prince of a contrary religion to inherit Such or Apostates to be deprived Hereditary Princes prohibited marriage with an wife of contrary religigion All seduceâ—s of Princeâ— to a contrary religion to be punished as 〈…〉 s. No hereditary Prince to accept of another Kingdome unlesse to live in the Patriall Soile Oration of Duke John in Resignation of his right Warrs between King Sigismundus and King Charles Continued by his Son Gustavus Adolphus Death of Sigismundus Uladislaus his Eldest Elected and Crowned A second treatie instituted Preface to the treaty The Mediators Englands Ambassador arrives at Dantzig Writes to the Commissioners of the Crownes interessed Answer of the Polanders The Suethes complained of The Suethes answer with reciprocall complaints The Treaties commencement Elector of Brandenburgs Ambassadors Commissioners of Poland Commissioners of Suethland Meet at Holland town in Prussia Interchangably exhibite their respective Plenipotentiaries and agree upon a second meeting His Lordship came to Holland Desects in the Suethish Procuratories The like in those of Poland Rupture appearing the parties depart The Mediators repair to the Suethes at Elbing Condescention of the Suethes conditionall Commissioners of Poland return to Warsaw His Lordships receives invitation to come to Warsaw There was but one and that for his Lordship He contracts sickness Difficulties about the place of treaty Mariemburg appointed to be the Mediators residence The Mediators meet and consult Repaire to the Suethes The conclusion certified to the Polanders The Subdelegates meet Difficulties about the place for the generall meeting The Mediators return to the Suethes Their propositions Not admitted Objections His Lordship repaires to the Polanders Their conditional conclusions Englands Agent sent to the Suethes Their finall resolution Intimated to the Polanders who promise complyance Instrument oâ— Security renewed The Ambassadors of France and Holland come to Mariemburg The Mediators intervisite and joyntly repaire to Stumbsdorff the place of Treatie The parties arrive Meane used for avoyding competitions Proposition Not consented unto Demand made by the Suethes Answer and demand of the Polanders Result of the Mediators Accepted by all That dayes conclusion The Mediators meete His Lordships proposition in Order to the whole matter The other Mediators deliver theirs The result The new Procuratories interchangably communicated new difficulty about the Title Reconciled Scope of the Procuratories Polish Protest The Suethes Protest Procuratoriall difficulties removed Former result communicated to the parties Suethes answer Negatively The like given by the Polanders Offer made by the Suethes The Poles desire respite The same granted The Suethes therwith offended The former offer waved by the Poles as insufficient Five other mediate means propounded Taken by the Poles into deliberation Rejected by the Suethes Reply of the Poles in point of resignation The Suethes refuse to meete His Lordship goes to the Suethes They consent to meete Certaine greivances complained of by his Lordship and the Hollanders to the Suethes Their answer The Polanders persist as before The Parties willed to propound The Suethes enter into passion Those of Poland add ten other Articles for a supplement to the former Things tending to a breach the Mediators desire respite Finall declarations demanded by the Mediators from the Parties The Suethes decline to declare further The Polanders likewise and give their reasons The Suethes againe incensed At end the finall resolution at their quarters A meeting with the Mediators desired by the Poles Prolongation of the Truce desired Result of the Polanders conditionall Prorogation of the Truce assented unto Purport of the Prorogation Continuation of Sequestrations insisted on by the Poles but refused by the Suethes The Prorogation signed The Mediators vepair to the King Their overtures uneffectuall The Poles desire a meeting with the Mediators Declaration ur 〈…〉 Ultimate result of the Polanders Treaty for finall Peace in termes desperate Complaints of the Poles D. Radzivils departure for Littaw A longer Truce insisted on The Suethes Declaration in point of longer Truce The Poles re 〈…〉 to the King Argument â—â—â—d by his Lordship Misconstrued The Suethes again in heat Yet ca 〈…〉 ed and contented to meet The Kings conde scention
Province designed for the Treaty with the Commissioners from the fore-mentioned Crownes where each unfolded his utmost abilities for the composure of all differences by most powerfull and rationall arguments and as formerly interposed the Authority of their respective Princes and Principalls to bring the gauled minds of the parties whom a long continued Enmity had rendred in a manner implacable to a condescention for a finall peace or at least a Truce for so long a term as might indeed give some considerable ease to those Countries already so much exhausted by former Wars which is the Treaty formerly promised then which none at least in those parts did ever produce difficulties more numerous knotty or frequently tending to absolute rupture The Succinct and true relation whereof is next to be proceeded unto The Pourtraicture of the most renowmed Vladislaus Sigismundus King of Poland Great Duke of Lithuaniae etc etc sould by P. Stent R E scul THE TREATY OF PACIFICATION Upon the fore-related TROVBLES Concluded in the yeare 1635. BETWEEN The Most Illustrious and Puisant PRINCES ULADISLAUS the fourth KING OF POLAND Great Duke of LITHUANIA c. c. AND CHRISTINA AVGVSTA QUEEN OF SUETHES GOTHES and VANDALS Great Princesse of FINALND c. c. Faithfully related by J. F. an Eye-Witnesse of the daily Passages LONDON Printed for Hen Twyford and Tho Dring 1656. Christina Queene of Swethland Goths Vandalls sould by P Stent R Gaumond fecit A BRIEF RELATION Of the Passages at the Treaty OF PACIFICATION Between the CROWNES of POLAND AND SUETHEN Concluded at Stumbsdorff in Pruissia in the Month of September 1635. The Sueo-Polonian Treaty of Pacification HAVING already shewed the Alliance and ensuing Controversie between the jarring Crownes and Kingdomes of Poland and Suethland and hinted at the mischiefs following the same as also at the sixe yeares Truce concluded An. 1629. and expiring in July 1635 for the preventing whereof a second Treaty for a finall Peace or longer Truce was set on foot the particular passages thereof as formerly promised we now enter upon The mediating Princes and States were the late King of Great Brittaine the King of France the Elector of Brandenburg with the States Generall of the united Provinces by their respective Ambassadors But here before we enter upon the main difference it will not be amiss to mention those things which to Some may seem of lesser moment as the Procuratoriall Letters of the Commissioners from the interessed Crownes the reciprocall Instruments of security Acts usuall in Treaties of that nature which neverthelesse took not up lesse of time but caused even more trouble to the Mediators then the businesse it self in reconciling the differences about Titles mutuall suspitions of advantage or prejudice between the interessed parties afterwards the main businesse in order according to the severall meetings and conferences shall be faithfully and briefly related The first of the more remote Mediating Ministers the Electorals being but neer Neighbours comparatively who arrived at Dantzig was Sir George Duglas Knight Ambassador from the late King of England his repaire thither after a long and tedious Winter Journey from Franckfort on the Main accompanied w th all the inconveniencies of waies weather incident to that Season besides the almost daily passing through one or other part of those opposite Armies which then miserably infested Germany was about the ninth of January 1634. His Lordship understanding that the Commissioners for the Crown of Poland had their residence at a little Town called Morung in Prussia forthwith dispatched Letters to the Lord Chancellour Zadzicke chief in the Commission to certifie his arrivall as he also did to the Commissioners for Suethen at Elbing and to crave their opinion whether it would be more necessary first to go and salute the King of Poland then at Warsaw or to hasten towards the place nominated for the Treaty being a Town in that Province named Holland The Chancellours answer was congratulatory as well in regard of his wished safe arrivall as in consideration that his Master the King of Great Brittaine out of his sincere affection to their King and State had delegated him to this Treaty which he wished might prove auspicious for the diversion of the Tempest then likely to fall between them and the Crown of Suethland He likewise wished that his Lordship had arrived during the King of Polands late being at Dantzig where he might without further trouble to his person have acquitted himself of what his Master had committed unto him and accordingly have received a Princely answer but that forasmuch as the trouble and distance of the waies had hindred his sooner coming into those parts he believed there was no necessity of undergoing the like molestation by a new journey to his Majesty to whom it would be most gratefull if his Lordship should first repaire to the place appointed for the Treaty there by his Masters authority and his own endeavours to effect those things that might be conducing to the matter in hand and to their Princes dignity Lastly He wished that his Lordship having refreshed himself some time might come in safety to the place of meeting concluding with offers of Service and Curtesies in such cases accustomed By way of Postcript he added that at the instant of signing those Letters he was certified by their Subdelegates that the adverse party had altered some things formerly agreed upon complaining that almost daily from the 12th of that present month whereon they began to handle the Preparatories the other side had done nothing but protracted time by propounding new conditions which course if they should longer persist in themselves should be constrained having first solemnly protested before the Mediators to depart thence and commit their King and Countries cause to the Divine Justice I have given this Letter at length to shew in what state the businesse was and how far advanced when his Lordship arrived in those parts but shall not in the course of this relation insist so particularly on each of the severall Letters that passed between his Lordship and the respective parties My intention being to use as much brevity as the necessary circumstances of the Treatie will permit And here by the way is to be noted that the answer from the Commissionners of Suethland to his Lordships Letters was not lesse courteous nor lesse stuffed with complaints then the other The treatie had already taken commencement from the Alternal Security as the Basis and ground work of the maine affaire to which end the Commissionners of Poland and Suethen had sent their Subdelegates those Christopher Lode and Daniell Nawarousky Secretaries these John Necodemie of Ahausen Commissarie for Prussia to Holland a small Town nominated to be the Mansion of the Mediators and the place of meeting for the parties to settle and draw up a particular instrument of the security aforesaid between whom after much debate and many mutations on
friendly manner desired them that as themselves had declared and as he had newly concluded with the French Ambassador no Subscription of the Mediators unlesse in the way by him propounded might be admitted whereunto they all accorded and gave their word This difference about the subscription being removed the Commissioners of each side convened in the Mediatoriall Tent to the performance of the last act viz. the Signing of the Articles whom the Mediators followed to be present at the reviewing of the same least ought might be transacted wherein their Principalls might be concerned In the reading the preface was ommitted whereby no offence might be taken and that worke being ended the Mediators were in most respective manner desired to retire and leave them to signe alone which they did and upon their comming forth were by the Mediators congratulated for that happy conclusion Thus at length by the blessing of God upon the infatigable toile and industrie of the Mediators this great and difficult worke after so many desperate-seeming ruptures was brought to a happy issue in twenty and foure severall meetings accounting ab initio and couched in so many severall Articles which having been for the most part already touched are forborne to be here inserted and the curious referred to the printed Acts. The whole was read allowed signed and confirmed by the respective Commissioners of the interessed Parties the 2 12 of September An. 1635. and the joy thereof was conceived to be so great that publike acclamations were every where heard At Marienburg the whole Ordnance about the Town and Castle was discharged upon the returne of the Mediators with the Commissioners of Suethland Onely the French Ambassador remained in Stumbsdorff to refresh himselfe as pretended but indeed to send an account by expresse unto the King his Master The remainder of that day was by his Lordship and the Hollanders employed in giving to the Commissioners of Suethen the attestation desired by them concerning those of the Roman Profession in Leifland which had formerly been so hotly disputed and was by them given to this effect That wheras there had been long and great dispvte concerning the Roman Catholicks in Leifland at length the Queen and Crown of Suethland at the instant urgencies of the Commissioners of Poland had condescended so far as to permit to the Roman Catholicks in Leifland liberty of Conscience Religion and Devotion in private but least that from those words ought might be inferred contrary to their intention in that point over and above the meer liberty of conscience by them granted or least that there might be pretended any Priestly exercise either publike or private they the said Commissioners had many times in their presence excepted by protestation against all the formes including any word of exercise either tacitely or expressed and that the Lord Ambassadour of France who had most earnestly laboured therin had propounded the same and the Commissioners of Poland had assented therunto in which Forme or Draught no mention of exercise was made that so they might by some faire way explicate and free themselves from that contention This they the said Mediators did witnesse and confirme to all whom it might concern under their hands and Seals Upon the day following the Generall of the Suethish Forces Jacobus de la Garde with the Commissioners of that Crown did visite his Lordship in a way of thankfull acknowledgment for his great paines and endeavours employed in the Treaty and afterwards did the like to the Hollanders concluding with a courteous invitation of them into the Castle that evening where their entertainment was answerable to their Dignities The next day his Lordship went to the Polish Leager and was soon after followed by the Hollanders to take leave of that King of whom he had publike audience in his Tent the great Chancellour and the other fore-named Commissioners being present That Ceremoniall Complementive farewell lasted not half an houre wherin it was observed that the King did not shew the same cheerfull countenance to his Lordship that he had formerly done both at his first repair and during the Treaty and the Commissioners likewise expressed lesse courteous respects then at former times which his Lordship took notice of but knowing himself to be free from any desert therof was the lesse troubled therat His Lordship whilest in the Camp was visited by the Wayvod or Palatine of Belskie whom according to the Kings words at parting he believed to have been sent with something in Commission but found it to be only a private Complementall farewell In the interim the States Ambassadours as also the French Ambassadour who had repaired thither from Stumbsdorff took likewise severally their leave but had each a longer audience according to information and returned the next day to see the Army which then was to be reviewed and drawn up into Battalia His Lordship stayed that night in the Tent of Col. afterwards Generall Major Butler aswell to see the Army as also that he might there be ready to receive any further expressions which according to the delivery at parting he expected from the King In the manner fore-mentioned was transacted and concluded the Treaty for Truce for twenty six years commencing in September 1635 between the two Crownes of Suethland and Poland What passages did afterwards befall by reason of the French Ambassadours signing the Polanders Counterpane or Copy of those Articles at that Kings instance by whom contrary to former President fore-mentioned agreement and stipulation they were to that end tendred unto the said Ambassadour as himself afterward acknowledged as also great Brittaines Ambassadours expostulation with some of the Polish Ministers in reference therunto and the difference answering therupon between that King and his Lordship are couched in the few subsequent Pages wherin his Lordships life and death are commemorated which now follow for a conclusion to the whole matter A BRIEF COMMEMORATION Of the LIFE and DEATH OF SIR GEORGE DUGLAS KNIGHT LORD Ambassadour Extraordinary from the late KING of ENGLAND For concluding of PEACE or TRUCE BETWEEN SUETHLAND AND POLAND An. 1635. By J. F. LONDON Printed for Hen Twyford and Tho Dring 1656. A briefe COMMEMORATION OF SIR GEORGE DUGLAS Knight Ambassador Extraordinary from the late King of Great BRITTAIN in the year 1635. for the Treaty of Peace between the Crowns of POLAND AND SVETHEN HAVING deduced the passages of the preceding Treaty of Pacification between the two Crowns before mentioned it may be not improper to annex somthing concerning that late honourable Person by whose indefatigable endeavours that good work was in great part so happily effected And the rather in regard his name albeit both ancient and honourable denotes him to have been of a Neighbour Nation and that there are but few now living who can remember to have known I may say scarce seen his person appearing in any way Considerable in the Court of
first heat over-passe or that his main and much of businesse for such an inch of time at his first interviews diverted him That King understanding within few daies that some of the Enemies Forces intended an On-slaught into his Quarters or bound upon some other private if not the like designe gave order for two thousand Horse to be in a readinesse the next morning a sure signe that himself would command that party which was done accordingly and himself already in Coach the Lord Ambassadour then present who had discoursed with him of other Affaires being about to take leave moved the release of our Lievtenant Colonel but the King suddainly passionate gave him an answer so lofty and trenching upon his Master as might have been better spared and shall therfore be here omitted Nor was his Lordship wanting to reply in such a manner as became his Courage and like a person of honour representing his Prince As the great Gustavus was subject to flashes of passion which were the onely Clouds in his Hemisphere and therby would not seldome give offence so had he those speedy recollections the best badge of a good disposition as permitted him not to retain them but that present acknowledgment and satisfaction ensued as indeed it did here and so fully as was not little from a Prince succesfull and great in Armes and Renown which usually elate even most equally tempered Spirits But as the expressions that were distastfull so likewise the acknowledgment shall be here forborne there being the same reason for the one as the other Only this may be said that before he left the City he commanded our Duglass to be in larged The King being gone whither the Emergencies of his Affaires called him and no expectation of his return his Lordship who had as may be conceived improved his time for the delivery of what he had in charge resolved neither to follow nor expect him back but to repaire for England as he did soon after accompanied by the Lievtenant Colonel who for some time whilest at Englands Court was by his honourable Patron made known and recommended not only to the great Ones but to the King likewise The King of Suethen returning back to Noremberg and after severall accidents incident to War by the accession of a gallant Army consisting of six and twenty thousand fresh men conducted by the Reicks Chansellor Oxienstierne the two Brothers of Saxon Weymar the Landtgrave Will of Hessen and General Banier having re-inforced his own before Coopt up in a manner by the numerous powers of the Imperiallists did now range more at large and the Forces of both sides came so neer each other as they could not part without a Battell which was soon after fought neer unto a Town called Lutzen where the Imperiall Army commanded by the most Imperious Wallesteyn Duke of Friedland had the advantage of the ground w ch the Sueths were constrained to gain from them at push of Pike and had the better The Sun befriended neither party being all the morning as unwilling to behold that daies effusion of blood obscured by a Mist when 〈…〉 omenie another of the Austrian Generals brought to the imperialists relief two thousand fresh Horse the Riders all clad in hard Iron which the Royall Sueth perceiving taking with him a strong party he called to the Duke of Saxon Lawenburg saying Cosin let us charge those black men home for those are they will otherwise ruine us which himself did in person so vigorously by leading on his owne Troopes to the hottest dispute of that whole day as he brought Victory to his own side but purchased at a sad and dear rate even the life of that great Heroe On the Imperiall side beside many others was Felt Marshall Pappenheim Slaine one of the most esteemed Commanders amongst the Imperiall Generals and of the most honourable deportment toward those whom the chance of War did cast into his hands who is also said to have been fore-told that the King of Suethen and himself should fall both in one day Thus died the Renowed Gustavus of Suethen in the bed of Honour if he may be said to die whose Fame cannot His loss was for the present prudently concealed by the Cheiftains who were neerest to his fall amongst whom was Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar who that day gave a fair encrease to the glorious repute he afterwards constantly maintained and the Kings death by the great courage and gallant conduct of himself and the other Commanders who were then next unto the King was so well revenged as that the Suethes remained not only Masters of the Feild and of the dead bodies but likewise so dissipated the Forces of the Enemy as they could not in a long time recollect such another Army This Prince being thus taken away in his flower and strength of years it was a good space of time ere the neighbour Nations would beleive he was not still in the number of the living as if so great a person could not have moved hence but that like an universall Earth-quake he must have borne a whole World before him Reports were various according to the affections and disaffections of men to his Person and Greatnesse and it is truly affirmed that at the Court of England Wagers were layed of his being alive sundry months after the first news of his death But ere long it was confirmed that his great Soul having quitted the inclosure of his body had changed his Militancy here below for a Mansion more peaceable and Glorious above and had verified that saying of the Divine Spirit by the Kingly Prophet who having recorded that the great Ones of the World are Gods hath neverthelesse pronounced that they shall dye like men and that Princes shall fall as others The King of Bohemia did not long overlive the loss of this second Alexander but deceased soon after at Mentz His eldest Son Charles Lodowicke Prince Elector Palatine being then in Minority his Uncle the Duke of Simmern was by consent constituted Administrator of his right in the Palatinate The death of King Gustavus who whilest living had been the Head and Director General of the Protestant League in Germany and so entitled notwithstanding that his losse was alleuiated by Victory caused a great alteration in the affaires of that confedracy and in the Councells of the Princes thereof so that it behoved them to call a Dyet or Generall Assembly as they did soone after at Heylbrun in the Dukedome of Wertenberg consisting of foure Principall Circles of the Empire viz. the Franconian Suevian with the upper and lower Circles of the Rhyne there were personally present the Duke and the Administrator of Wirtenberg the Marquesse of Baden the Count of Hanaw with most of the seventeen Earles of the Wetteraw Lodowich Phillip Duke of Simmern Administrator of the Palatinate for his Nephew the Prince Elector Palatine then of under years had there foure
thousand Foot and Horse to their recruit wherby those places being surrendred by the Enemy were by him as the rest had been delivered into the hands of the Electorall Administrator But to return from whence I have not unnecessarily digressed the Suethes and the Confederate Princes fell not long after into a decadence of fortune for the Cardinall Infanta with an Army of old tryed Souldiers though bent for Flanders taking Germany in his way and joyning with the Imperiallists neer the City of Norglingen the Associates by this Conjunction received a great defeat wherin most of their Ensigns were seised their Commanders either slain or taken of which latter Calamity their brave Generall Gustavus Horne was partaker The scattered relicks found no sure retreat untill they recovered the formerly wasted Palatinate under Duke Bernard of Weymar where deprived of Colours and Commanders they continued in a manner without Discipline so as that Country was in a most sad condition and England thereupon solicited as aforesaid the Counsell wherof judging it expedient to send an Agent thither the fore-named Lievtenant Colonel Duglass was made choice of as one who in his reports would not be over partiall and he being first dignified with the Honour of Knight-hood accordingly received Credentials and Instructions The fore-mentioned Ambassador Sir Robert Anstruther who after his departure from Saxony had been with the Elector of Brandenburg at Berlin and from thence with the Queen of Suethen at Wolgast to condole the death of the King her Husband whose body was then to be transported into Suethland and had likewise been with the Duke of Holstein and the Dutchesse Dowager his Mother as also with the King of Denmark Treating with sundry of that Kings Counsell who were thereunto appointed he intimated unto them omitting particulars not so necessary to be here inserted that their Masters Conjunction with the Protestant Princes of Germany would much conduce to the generall tranquility as without which the Emperour and his adherents would hardly be moved to a constant and universall Peace in the Empire but rather hope that the Divisions and Separations of those Princes and States would be apt to produce unto him new advantages They after much reasoning acknowledged it was most necessary but prayed him to consider the hazards their King their Country and themselves had in the last Wars been exposed unto so as had they not made a peace with the Emperour they might by that time have gone a begging with their Wives and Children And that having thus made their Peace they ought not in equity to be the breakers of it the rather for that their Master was now acting the Mediators part They wished that Saxony were really as Brandenburg was united in the Alliance of Heylbrun the better to Ballance the Affaires there whereby a good Peace which their Master was still ambitious to be an Instrument of might more probably be expected His Lordship urged no lesse to their King himself upon occasion of some discourse soon after of the then present state of Germany and the King expressing how much he longed to see a good Peace established He replied that his Majesties Authority and Power if interposed with the Duke of Saxony might be very usefull for obtaining of the wished end in that Conjuncture and that if the three Protestant Electors and their Houses were firmly linked together by a perfect friendship and sence of common Interest they would soon grow so Considerable as that other Princes would be glad of their Association And then Caesar himself would in all likelyhood the better hearken to reasonable Conditions of Peace besides many other good effects which he inferred might ensue so happy a Conjunction The King professed to concur with his Lordship in opinion yet not without objecting some impediments But I shall wave further insisting hereupon This as not material to the Subject mainly here intended being onely to shew how far England did then interess it self in the Protestant cause of Germany and the concernments of its Allies there His Lordship returning to Hamburg to expect further Orders was soon after re-manded back to Francfort on the Mayne to interpose his Masters Authority as cause should be offered Return We now to Sir George Duglass who there met with his Lordship and during his Agency in the Palatinate had given an account so satisfactory as well in order to that Electorall Principality and its condition with the whole state of Affaires relative to that concernment as of the Associated Princes and Cities and likewise of the Suethes as was well rellished at home and therby gained to himself the opinion of one capable of a greater and more weighty Negotiation And as if all things should conduce to his advancement it so fell out that the expiration of a six years Truce concluded as hath been said by the intervention of Sir Thomas Roe Ambassador from the late King An. 1629. between the Crownes and Kings of Poland and Suethen was then drawing neer and the late King was by the Polander again solicited to the same effect with intimation of a desire of neerer conjunction by Allyance This motion was plausible and the more credulous of Englands Court were thereby wrought to cry up that Kings Cause albeit the same his Turne once served proved but a Fucus and like an Apparition vanished into Aire For this employment of no mean moment Sir George Duglass then Agent in Germany as aforesaid was thought a fit Minister and the rather because haying formerly served the late King of Suethland in those parts he was not unacquainted with their interests in Prussia and Leifland and might accordingly make use of arguments to induce them to a moderate and equitable compliance it being conjectured that they would not easily be won to restore either much lesse both of those rich and fertile Provinces but as to any resignation of the Crown of Suethland which the Polander claimed as his Hereditary Right it was fore-seen that however the same might be brought upon the Carpet it could not be with any hope of condeseension Credentials and Instructions were then drawn up and sent enclosed within a dispatch to the fore-named Ambassadour Sir Robert Anstruther to beby him delivered as was forthwith done unto Sir George Duglass whereby the Title of Lord Ambassadour Extraordinary from the King of Great Brittaine to the Kings and Crownes of Poland and Suethland became due unto him In this new Condition his first work was to furnish himself with Necessaries and Attendants suitable to that high Employment into the number wherof he was pleased to desire the Relator from Sir Robert Anstruther of whose Secretaries he then was and in the same capacity entertained him for that Embassy which is only mentioned to shew the ground he had for the present and precedent Narrative Whilest some weeks of time were spent in such like preparations Letters of safe conduct and Convoyes were desired
but sent a civill Message to his Counsell by Monsieur Philip Freherr his Secretary for the Dutch and Latine Tongues whom he also sent from thence into Suethland with the King his Masters Letters to the designed Queen Christina and one from himself likewise wherin he excused his not attending her Majesty in person by reason of the Winter already advanced and the time for the commencing of the Treaty neer approaching the like he also did to certain of the Grandees there with whom he had been formerly acquainted Leaving Stettin he arrived at Danizig the ninth of January 1634 5. and after some daies of refreshment for himselfe and Traine having sustained so tedious a Winter journey his Lordship buckled himself to the Treaty already begun at a Town in that Province of Prussia named Holland the passages of which Treaty having been deduced at large in the preceding Narrative shall be here passed over and those things proceeded unto which afterwards fell out In the close of that Treaties Narration it was shewed that his Lordship at his taking leave of the King of Poland in his Camp had observed some alteration in the countenance of that King and those about him but that knowing no cause to have been given by himself he was the lesse troubled therat thinking it onely to be some little Cloud which would soon vanish yet staying that night in the Camp he for the more speedy removing therof sent the next morning to the Lord Casinowskie great Chamberlaine of Poland to desire a private Audience of the King which was promised and that notice should be given him of the time but performance did not ensue wherupon having seen the Army drawn into Battalia he retired to Marienburg The French Ambassadour who had received as hath beene touched a more friendly farewell came likewise to Marienburg the day following and his Lordship having heard that contrary to the publike agreement of the Commissioners and the Mediating Ministers he had in the Regal Tent under Signed that Copy of the Articles given by the Suethes to those of Poland did send the Relator with his Dutch Secretary fore-named to know of himself whether it were so or not which he acknowledged to have done at the instance of that King who he said presented the Copy unto him Propria manu Our Ambassadour understanding it was not a little moved at the indignity offered to his Master therby but rather to themselves as being done contrary to their publike Stipulation and therupon visiting the Suethish Commissioners he desired they would not admit of the like which they assured him of as having already dispatched their Instrument of the said Articles into Suethland by an Expresse Before his Lordship removed from Marienburg the Lord Zavatskie came to him pretending only a visit but sent as was conceived of purpose to explore whether he had any inckling of what had been done and how he resented the same To him our Ambassadour could not so well containe himself but that he entred into expostulations so high as gave no small distast taxing them of swarving from things by themselves consented unto and agreed upon in publike and of silence in others which they not We had propounded and seemingly sought after the particulars wherof as not necessary to be here inserted are forborn Adding withall that after so unworthy a requitall of his Masters affection and respects testified to their King and Crown he could do no lesse in duty then to give those advertisements that were requisite Zavatzkie heard him with patience and with fair words endeavoured to pacifie and to confirm in his Lordship a belief of the King his Masters sincere and reall affection towards his Majesty of Great Brittaine with his constant persevering in his former intentions of which the said Lord had from the King of Poland been the first Intimator and Propounder telling him withall that undoubtedly there behoved to be some mistake in the report he had received for otherwise he said it could not be but that himself being usually so neer the King and of his Secretaries should have known somewhat therof desiring withall that his Lordship would not precipitate any advertisement unto the King his Master and assured him that he would forthwith post unto their Court where having understood the matter fully he would by Letters or a speedy personal return faithfully certifie his Lordship of the truth either there or at Dantzig within few daies Towards that Citie his Lordship retired soone after daily expecting the effects of the promises forementioned but in vaine Neverthelesse upon Zavatzkie's perswasions and his owne unwillingnesse to render ill-offices by the returne of any report as being desirous that some Apology might have come for cleering those doubts which their late proceedings and coldnesse had given him cause to harbour whereby any distance or disaffection between the two Kings might be prevented he desisted for the space of three weekes to send home any account of that Treaties issue contrary to the faithfull advice of some neere about him who as much as with fitting respect they might urged a present dispatch of that relation into England as a thing most necessary not onely for satisfaction to the State and the great Persons therein concerned but likewise for his owne discharge Instancing also the French Ambassador who would not stirr from Stumbsdorff the Village where the Treaty had been concluded untill he had by an expresse into France sent a Narrative of that whole affaire But to all this he sent a deafe Eare. At Dantzig he received soone after a Honorarium or Present from the Eastland Company by the hand of Mr. Richard Jinkes their Secretarie in acknowledgment of their gratitude for his Reall endeavours in behalfe of that Societies restorement to their former freedome of Trade Yet nothing lesse then was promised was by the Polander intended in stead whereof advantage of his Credulity being taken a strong complaint against his Lordship was sent into England which for the time gave an evill rellish of him to his Master The First notice he had of their distast was by a letter from the Lord Andrea Rey Starrost of Libonza dated the twenty fourth of September 1635. who repeating the very words of his Lordships expostulation with Zavatzkie closed them up with this expression viz. That if any such were spoken he wished they never had been Whereunto his Lordship returned an answer the sixth of October following with so cleer a vindication of himselfe but in such a stile as beseemed his Ambassadoriall Office as might have given them in reference to him ample satisfaction yet without sparing againe to represent his sence of their more unfaire then expected or deserved dealing About this time or not long after Mr. Richard Gordon Great Brittaines Agent for those parts who in June foregoing had been by that King sent for England returned to Dantzig and thence to the Polish Parliament at
Warsovia held in November 1635. his Lordship not thinking fit to repaire thither in Person untill the former misunderstandings were removed Yet would he not omit to write by him to the Lord Palatine of Belzkie as also to the forenamed Starrost de Libonza intimating to each the continuance of his Masters good affection toward their King as they would perceive by his answers to all their propositions sent by Mr. Gordon and that the same merited a better acknowledgment then was given at the conclusion of the late Treaty wherby he professed himself to be discouraged from undertaking a journey to the present Parliament notwithstanding the Orders he had received but was willing rather to refer the whole matter to Mr. Gordon untill the jealousies he had reason to conceive were cleered It hath been said that perswaded by the Lord Zavatzkie his Lordship had forborn to advertise home for three weekes Space and it is to be added that those letters being sent by Sea Subject to the inconstancy of winds and the movings of that other uncertain Element were above six weekes longer before they came to the hands they were directed unto Whereupon confused rumours of things coming to those who in England bore a chief sway in managing of the late Kings Privy Counsell Sir John Coke principall Secretary of State did by Letter taxe his Lordship of remisnesse in his dispatches shewing that from France they understood the Treaty was concluded and that he had received some disgust but the particulars they were not acquainted with Hereby he first perceived that in one and the same thing he had committed two not small Errours But in time all grudges being either buried or seemingly layed to sleep and the King of Poland coming to Dantzig his Lordship had severall Audiences and was once in company of the King with sundry of the Polish Nobility feasted by the fore-named Mr Gordon And from that King obtained albeit not without reluctancy of his Lords who complained that our Ambassadours Remonstrances were over-tart a Mandate Declaratory under the Royall hand and Signet dated the sixth of February 1635. 6. wherby our Merchants of the Eastland Company were promised relief against the molestation of the Stample or Seal upon their Cloath procured by the Dantzigers during the Wars and the Suspension therof untill it might be abrogated in the next ensuing Parliament the last having beene called for the ratification onely of the late Treaty as was affirmed by their Commissioners who publikely gave their Faith Stipulata manu for the disannulling thereof The King soon after departing from Dantzig his Lordship took leave not without seeming fairnesse of each side and the fore-named Lord Zavatzkie was designed Ambassadour for England pretentionally for proceeding upon the motions formerly albeit in a more private way by himself in the name and by warrant from the Polander propounded to the late King with whom Agent Gordon was associated and as himself vainly believed and spared not to give out with more Trust from that King then the other But notwithstanding all these specious shewes his Lordship was still doubtfull of their true meaning and advertised home accordingly yet could he not particularly conclude in whose breast the dissimulation lay For even they who professed the same Religion with us and were at first most earnest in the pursuance of those motions were now become as cold as oothers albeit they were intimate with that King and of his neerest Counsells so as it might seem that their Masters intention decreed especially in matters so neerly concerning himself should have been the point of the Compasse by which they were to steer Yet by the way it may be demanded whether our Ambassadours Suspitions were not causelesse or whether by his jealousies he did not injure that Prince and so provoke him justly wherunto is answered that the Ambassadour of Poland Zavatzkie when with Gordon he arrived in England did not give that full and particular satisfaction which was expected albeit the Professions out wardly and in generall were as high as ever so as doubtfull conjectures began upon his arrivall to be made at Englands Court and his dismission was visibly more cold then his reception had been And considering it was with him that his Lordship made the disrellishing fore-mentioned expostulation it may be and was then by sundry conceived that the maine part of his Errand was to have boulstered out the former complaint if he had not been prevented by his Lordships death The same appeared more fully afterwards when it was certainly known that the King of Poland had proceeded even to consummation of things directly contrary to his former propositions without previous advertisement of his reasons for declining them in excuse wherof Post factum he sent the fore-named Lord Andrea Rey Starrosta de Libonza as Ambassadour to the late King who understanding before his arrival what his Master had done in prejudice of his own proposalls would not admit him to his presence so that he returned without Audience not being permitted to come higher then Greenwich the Court being then at Winsor Our Agent was also soon after discharged from further Negotiating there neither hath England since that time had any person publikely impolyed to that Prince or State By all which circumstances it may be gathered that his Lordship did dive more deep into their intentions then self-interest and avarice two maine evills in whomsoever they infect but most pestilent in publike Ministers would permit the over credulity of others His Lordship having received Order for his return began his journey from Dantzig the first of March Old Stile and on the thirteenth therof came to Damin a Town in Pomerania of which Colonell Robert Cuningham his Kinsman was Governor for the Crown of Suethen who came forth about two English miles accompanied with his Officers to meet his Lordship and they alighting he did the like walking into the Town on foot where by the way his Lordship and the Governour discoursing together the Officers made relation to us of a certain accident which had hapned in their Garrison the preceding evening and for the time had caused some disturbance to their thoughts It was thus Upon the Eve before being Saturday the twelfth of March 1635 6 for the space of neer two houres between those of eight and ten at night an unwonted sound of Bells was heard in the Steeple of that Towns Church called Saint Bartholomew and the Governour sending to enquire the cause thereof at an undue houre received answer That the Church doors were shut Hereupon the Magistrates were sent for and Order given that some of the Garrison with others of the Town Officers with Torches lighted should search the Church and Steeple to see if there were not some persons concealed who by such meanes might attempt to give a privy Signall to any Enemy neer hand But return being made that no Person was to be
found either in Church or Steeple nor motion or sound perceived albeit in the Town the same was heard to continue without intermission during the Search the Governour caused the Guards to be doubled kept his owne Souldiers and the Citizens all might in Armes retained the Magistrates with himselfe whom with the inhabitants he caused to take de novo an Oath of fidelity to the Crown of Suethen We of the Ambassadors Retinue hearing this story accounted it a fiction more worthy of laughter than of beleif Entring the Towne his Lordship was by the Governour entertained at Supper Colonel Robert Duglass Commander of a Regiment of Horse in the same service likewise his Lordships Kinsman arriving at the same time At Table the Governour related the foresaid accident for a most certaine truth recounting what distractions it had put them into on the Suddaine whereunto his Lordship replyed smiling you needed not to have been so much troubled it was but a ceremony to entertaine strangers your Citizens knew not so well as your Bells that great Brittaines Ambassador was to be here this night that Solemnitie was for my reception At this discourse some mirth being made and Supper ended his Lordship attended by the Governour and Colonel Duglass with the other Officers retired to the Quarter prepared for him opposite to that of the Governour Besides those forenamed there were others present now living in England who heard this related with the discourse thereupon and can attest the truth hereof viz. Generall Major Christopher Potley late in the service of Englands Parliament under Sir William Waller then Lievtenant Colonel to the honourable Sir George Fleetewood Knight Colonell of a Regiment of English Infantrie Governour under the Suethes of the Citie of Elbing and Commander of the strong Fort in an Island of the River Vistula now Lord Fleetewood Baron of Swanholme in Suethland As also Mr. Phillip Freherr forenamed Mr. John Baall likewise one of the Eastland Merchants who first divulged the same in England upon his repaire thither soone after This by way of digression may be admitted His Lordship at his rising the next Morning Complained he was not well yet went to the Governour to whom he told so much and at his instance walked about the Walls to view the new fortifications the Governour had there caused to be made thinking thereby to have cleered the dulnesse which oppressed him but could not At the houre of dinner he sat down with the Governour at Table but could not eate Upon serving of the second course he rose up saying it behoved him to take some rest but would not suffer any save his two Pages to attend him Commanding us to stay and accompany the Governour About foure in the afternoone the Governour with his other friends and servants went to see how he fared he Complained much of his head and stomacke whereupon unknown to him a Post was sent to Gripswaldt about six Leagues from Damin for Doctor John Schaener whose father had been one of the Physicians to King James at his first comming into England knowne by the name of Doctor Martin to Administer to his Lordship whose distemper being layed in bed continued all that night with various purgings His Servants entring his Chamber early the next morning the Governour with Colonell Duglass Leivtenant Colonell Potley and Mr. Baall forementioned repaired thither soon after We found him in his night Gowne sitting and leaning at the Table yet cheerfull in speech saying his former paines were eased and that his head and heart were well neither did ought he sayd trouble him save onely that his foot was benummed which he hoped would soon returne unto its self and feeling adding that after a little rest he intended to proceed on his journey that afternoone and to that end gave order his Coach and Traine should be ready Towards the recovery of his foot from its benummednesse all meanes were used that could be devised the forenamed Commander Potley having out of his affectionate desire of his Lordships recovery taken great paines therein by chasing of the part affected but in vaine His Lordship assaying to have removed to his Bed which was neer by saying hee would repose a little could not support himself but sinking was by his Servants layed in bed about eight in the morning We left him according to his desire with some of his Chamber onely to attend him and returning about two houres after found him asleep but drawing his breath so short and high as gave cause to apprehend it was worse with him then we had imagined wherupon the Governour with the other Commanders being sent for they came and found him to the grief of all strugling with Death Being awaked for awaked he was by the out-cries of his young Nephew William Lockhart then present he would willingly have spoken and declared himself but could not he grasped the Youth then kneeling by his bed side in his Armes some words he uttered but brokenly in various intermixed Language out of which the most attentive Listner could gather nothing In this labouring condition he continued about two houres the fore named Physitian arriving when he was even at the extremity of life which left him between the houres of twelve and one of the same day being Tuesday the fifteenth of March 1635 6. to give an account of his Legation here below before not his Earthly but his Heavenly King The sudden death of this great Person for so it may be termed struck all that were present but his Kindred and Servants especially into great consternation of spirits not one having for some space of time a word to utter At last necessity so inforcing the Body was left to be decently layd forth and a retreat made by all them of his Chamber excepted to the Governours Quarter there to consider what was to be done In this consultation it was by the Relator shewed that whereas a scruteny into the things he had there with him was necessary to be made whereby due Inventary might be taken for the better satisfaction of those whom as neerest interessed it should rightly concerne There were Papers relating to his publike Negotiations into which no inspection was to be made but that they were to be lockt up apart and to be delivered onely into the hands of the principall Secretary of State in England This was by all thought meet and unto him as having been entrusted with the insight of them whilest he lived and who had also brought him the conferment of that honourable employment so happily effected they alone were not committed but likewise the managing of what was there further to be done In reference hereunto the Embalming of the body was first concluded next that an Advertisement should be made into England for Orders for the dispose therof And lastly the putting of his Traine into an Equipage suitable to the sad occasion in order wherunto as also for the reasons pre-alledged
to a Treaty for Truce Conditions of Truce propounded by the Suethes New difficulty Obviated Conserence with the Generall de la Garde His reply The Poles retire discontented The Suethes more complying Their conditions for treaty of Truce Cessation of Armes prolonged Consentâ—h unto by the 〈◊〉 ders The Mediators consult with the King and â—enators of Poland upon fifteen heads Addition made by the Hollanders The result of the Suethes upon the former heads Cessation conditionall The Kings result The Suethes reply more mild then expected The Mediators return to the King Audience appointed in the Camp A view of the Polish Army It s constitution Discipline Habiliments Number The King inclining to War The Suethes not verse to Peace Cessation prorogued eigh 〈…〉 s A meeting consented unto Competition between the Hollanders and those of Brandenburg Articles of the whole treatie exhibited by the Suethes Referred to the King by the Poles Necessarie caution Former competition removed Parliaments ratification insisted upon by the Suethes Polishreply Sequestration of places propounded by the Mediators Sequestration of places propounded by the Mediators The Suethes persist Their reasons Impossibility alledged by the Poles Seasonable proposition Assented unto by the Suethes Waved by the Poles The King of Poland averse to the proposition The Suethes excuse their not appearing Complain of the Polanders The Suethes reply and Compliance Both parties stiff Mutuall concessions Cessation for foure daies Second interview of the Parties Exhibition of Articles by the Suethes Additions by the Polanders The Truce to be for 26. years Hopes of amicable conclusion A rub cast in French Ambassador stickling for the Romish Religion in Leifland Positively refused by the Suethes and why The Poles insist The other Mediators propounded a Medium Sueci hominibus Catholicis in Livonia toto induciarum tempore cultum ritum in privato permissuri nullamque in eos inquisitionem ut hactenus facturi neminique qui Religionem Catholicam professus fuerit id ipsi noxae futurum Arguments used by the French Ambassador Rejected by the Suethes Cultus Ritus Exemption from enquiry granted by the Suethes Referred by the Poles to their King French Amb. Solicitations Uneffectuall The former forme insisted on by the Poles Again by the Suethes rejected Bellum Bellum Sudden tumult Threatning danger Appeared The Suethes exasperated The Poles purge themselves A conference between his Lordship and the Poles Hostility began The former tumult excused Apology by the French Ambassador Digression Cessation of Armes for a day onely The second form rejected by the Suethes Rejected by the King The last forme propounded by the Poles Disrelished by the Suethes At length admitted Attestation desired Particulars insisted on Plausible answer Vneffectuall Cessation for three dayes His Lordship insists as befâ—â—e The Poles promise future satisfaction Transport of Forces And other points discussed New Scruple of the Suethes Demand thereon Answered by the Poles Judgement of the Mediators Referred to the King Other difficulties composed Cessation continued one day onely The Kings resolution Concerning remove of the Army Accepted by the Suethes Generall meeting of Mediators and parties in the Mediators Tent. Objection made by his Lordship Waved by the Poles Deserted by the Suethes Precedency of nomination challenged by his Lordship Declined by the Poles Contest for precedency of subscription Meeting of the Generals of each side And accord Attestation granted to the Polanders by his Lordship and the Hollanders Competitions renewed between the Mediators Mediatoriall subscription concluded unnecessary The French insists on subscription Afterwards declines it No subscription of Mediators promised The parties meet to conlude The Articles signed Publike rejoycements His Lordship and the Hollanders give to the Suethes an attestation concerning Catholicks in Leifland His Lordship invited by the Suethes He takes leave of the King of Poland in his Camp Coldnesse discovered French and Hollanders take leave The Armyreviewed Reference to what followes Preface concerning his Lordship His birth Education Entrie into Military employment Designed to be Governour of Creutznach Seldome subject to passion Refuseth the foresaid Government Takes shelter under Englands Ambassador Presents himself to the King at Noremberg Againe committed His release moved by the Ambassador Duglass released Returns for England Lutzen â—â—ild The King of Suethland staine The Suethes win the Feild Some months dead er'e so beleived King of Bohemia deceased soone after Protestant Dyet or assembly Countenanced by Englands Ambassador And by the French and Brandenburg Landt-grave of Darmestadt solicited in vaine Saxons Elector likewise waves the conjuncture Oxenstierne director of the Protestant Affaires in Germany The Palatinate exhausted Recovered and entirely restored to the Electoral Administrator Confederates defeated at Ratisbo 〈…〉 Their retreat into the Palatinate Duglass Knighted and sent Agent into Germany Digression concerning Sir Robert Anstruthar That Kings eldest Son had then lately married a Daughter of that Duke Duglass acquits himself satisfactorily And is designed Ambassador into Poland Credentials and Instructions sent ro Duglals Enters upon his commission by visiting the Chancellour of Suethen The Chancellors discourse His Lordships reply Their farewell His Lordship takes journey from Francfort Is entertained at Hanaw Entertained by the Elector of Brandenburg Comes to Stettin in Pomerania To Dantzig French Ambassador Signes the Articles of the Treatie His Lordship offended Expostulates sharply with Zavatzkie By him smoothed with promise of satisfaction not performed He returned to Dantzig Delayes advertising Receives notice by letter of Polands distast Englands Agent returnes to Dantzig Sent unto the Parliament at Warsaw Two Errours in â—ne Grudges covered the King and his Lordship meet A mandate obtained in behalfe of the Eastland Merchants Zavatzkie sent Ambassador for England and with him Gordon Their sinceritie distrusted by his Lordship Suspected in England Made visible soone after and Polands Ambassador not admitted to Audience His Lordship comes to Damin Portentuous accident His Lordships Comment theron His sickning Agony Death Embalming advertisement and Inventary and Mournings concluded on Orders for finall dispose required Convoy for security desired Inventary taken Remove commenced Due Thanks tendred to the Chancellour of Suethen His death condoled by the Chancellour The Chancellors desire The like formerly elsewhere intimated The Corps brought neere Hamburg The Senate advertised and Scruple about the entrie Yet consented unto as desired Manner of Entrie The Corps disposed of by Order Servants strangers rewarded dismissed Eis Character The portent aforesaid enquired into and asserted Attestation from the Senate of Damin Observations upon the whole Vide Exegesis Historica page 350. 1. Article 2. Article 3. Article 4. Article 5. Article 6. Article 7. Article This Act hath not come to my hands otherwise the Heads therof had been particularized Observations on the Treaty On the Ambassadour Great beginnings Have not alwaies equall endings Mutual Greatnesse glittering Misery Happy closure