Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	hold_v	king_n	scotland_n	4,230	5	8.8042	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51887	The second volume of letters writ by a Turkish spy who lived five and forty years undiscover'd at Paris : giving an impartial account to the Divan at Constantinople of the most remarkable transactions of Europe, and discovering several intrigues and secrets of the Christian courts (especially of that of France) continued from the year 1642 to the year 1682 / written originally in Arabick, translated into Italian, and from thence into English, by the translator of the first volume.	Marana, Giovanni Paolo, 1642-1693.; Bradshaw, William, fl. 1700.; Midgley, Robert, 1655?-1723.	1692 (1692)	Wing M565CA; ESTC R35015	169,314	394

of his Potent Neighbour began to look about him and consult the Publick Safety But when he examined his Treasury he found it empty or at least at a very low Ebb. Behold here Supreme Bassa a stroke of Destiny a Concurrence of Causes seeming remote and small in their first Appearance but in their Process uniting and involving that Kingdom in Ruine Charles could not carry on a War with France without asking Aid of the Sovereign Divan which they call the Parliament of that Nation It is a Senate composed of above Seven hundred of the Nobility and Gentry of the Land These have the Power to make Laws raise Taxes and redress the Grievances of the Kingdom It was an ill Season to ask the Assistance of his Subjects who had already conceived an Aversion for the Royal Dignity However a Mighty Fleet was order'd to be Rigg'd and Mann'd out Cardinal Richlieu from afar beheld the approaching Storm and knew not how to divert it from falling on France but by Corrupting the English Favourite De Lopez from whom I received this Intelligence was employed in the Affair he was sent to London which is the Metropolis of England and the Place where the King usually keeps his Court. It was an Expensive Negotiation and cost the Cardinal Forty Thousand Dollars which is equivalent to Three Millions and Two Hundred Thousand of our Aspers With this vast Bribe he Proselyted the Favourite Duke to the Interest of France The English Navy consisted of and Hundred and Fifty Sail having also Twelve Thousand Land-Men on Board It was agreed between them that the English Minister should procure himself to be made Admiral of these Marine Forces His Indulgent Master could deny nothing to the Man whom he had entrusted with the Sway of the Government Now the King of France might sleep at quiet since the English Ships sailed with a French Wind. They landed upon the Island of Ree but their Actions were altogether Theatrical a mere shew of War without any real Execution The English General manifestly omitting the proper Methods and favourable Opportunities of winning that Island His Conduct speaking as if he came there rather to Complement than to Fight These Things made a harsh sound in England and the Nobles resented ill the double-dealing of the Duke of Buckingham so was the English General call'd In fine the bad Success of their Forces the Expences they had been at and the Disgrace they suffered in this War Four and Forty of their Colours being carried to Paris and hung up in the Chief Temple of this City as Trophies of the French Victory incensed the Generality of the English Nation against the King and the Government they began to accuse him in their Cabals of Male-Administration and the Favourite Duke was a while after stabbed by a Ruffian whom the Malecontents had hired to execute their Revenge The Affections of the English appeared every day more and more alienated from the King And Cardinal Richlieu had there his Agents who were not wanting to foment the Publick Discontents and by divers Artifices to draw the Credulous People into Factions The French Pensioners were instructed to deport themselves in a Manner every way offensive to the Nation Black and threatning Clouds seemed to hang over the Court of England exhaled from the ill Blood of the Subjects The Royal Dignity went Retrograde and all Things tended to obscure the Lustre of the Crown Yet there passed some Years before Things came to Extremities and Matters though ripened yet were not brought to an open Rupture till Scotland lanced the Sore This Nation is subject to the Crown of England and makes one Half of the Island of Great Brittain They are a Warlike People patient of Labour accustomed to the Rigour of an Extreme Cold Climate great Travellours Subtle Proud and Inconstant After that which some call Heresie others a Reformation had begun to alienate many Kingdoms and Provinces from the Roman Church the Scots greedy of Novelties and spurred on by the Ambitious Pretexts of one of their Grandees who under the Mask of Religion sought the Crown introduced Innovations into their Church They shook off at once all their Obedience to the Pope and set up such a Form of Religious Discipline as was altogether Antimonarchical and their Preachers ceased not to instill into the Hearts of the People Democratick Principles Thus continued Affairs till King Charles not insensible of these Things and willing to new-Model that Church they took up Arms against him knowing that he would not be able to raise Forces to chastise them without calling a Parliament The Parliament of England was at that time full of Scotish Proselytes Men of Seditious and Turbulent Principles so that the King was like to find but little Favour among them However by the Assistance of some Loyal Nobles and Gentlemen he marches into Scotland at the Head of an Army Not a Blow was struck on either Side but all Differences were composed and hush'd up by a Treaty Yet soon after the Scots entred into England with an Army being underhand invited in by their Partizans in England The King is a Second Time forced to throw himself upon his Parliament for Money but they instead of granting him any fell to examining his past Conduct complaining and desiring a Redress of several Irregularities in his Administration There were those who failed not to put in Execution the Designs and Instructions of Cardinal Richlieu he had his Agents up and down the Kingdom who insinuated Jealousies and Heart-burnings into the Gentry and People of the Land The King was represented every where as a Tyrant and all his Actions were misconstrued Signior Rossetti the Pope's Nuntio at the English Court beside his Instructions from the Roman Pontiff held a strict Intelligence with the Cardinal His Business at this Court was publickly to the Queen who professed an Obedience to the See of Rome but privately he was order'd to Negotiate an Accommodation between the Roman and English Churches Cardinal Richlieu thought to strike two Marks with one Blow that is to embroil the State of England and procure himself the greater Esteem with the Roman Court He appears very Zealous for the Conversion of England and in order to it allows a Considerable Pension to Signior Rossetti Instructing him withal to shew his utmost Dexterity in gaining the Courtiers and Grandees of that Nation to his Side He knew the Genius of the English and that there was nothing so offensive to that Nation as the Papal Power and Religion Wherefore De Lopez was order'd to pay Signior Rossetti vast Sums of Money that so there might be nothing wanting to Proselyte the Courtiers knowing that they would act insolently and disgust the Protestants and so encrease the Publick Aversion for the Regal Authority There was also another Agent at the English Court who was Secretary to Cardinal Barbarini a Man no less Industrious than the other in advancing the Roman Interest He held a

of the Grecians shelter'd their new acquir'd Honour under the Protection of the Emperours the Popes partly by Artifice and partly by Force made themselves Lords of Rome and the Adjacent Territories taking Advantage of the Absence of the Emperours the Pusillanimity of the Senators and Discord of the Citizens Supported with this Princely Estate they Excommunicate all the Churches which did not submit to them as the Sovereign Prelates of the Christian World publishing severe Edicts against the Greek Church and doing every Thing that might confirm the World in the Belief of their Authority and Grandeur The Potentates of Europe frightned with the Thunder which the Roman Pontifs used and induced by other Reasons did Homage to them acknowledging their Sovereign Jurisdiction in the West In this State they have continued ever since without yielding in any Thing to the Patriarchs of Constantinople There have been great Endeavours used on both Sides to gain their respective Ends and several General Councils were called that is an Assembly of the Chief Bishops and Doctors of both Churches to examine and decide the Difference And sometimes the Fathers of the Greek Church have subscribed a Submission to the Pope but as soon as they return'd home they have Recanted and the Breach render'd as wide as ever They accuse the Romans of Partiality and say That the Councils were pack'd yet both Parties seem to give an extraordinary Deference to these General Councils believing That the Holy Ghost is there present and guides them into all Truth The Councils which they esteem Infallible have contradicted each other This Repealing what That had Decreed and a Third Disannulling that Repeal The Councils believe themselves above the Pope and the Pope exalts himself above the Councils Sometimes they have Two or Three Popes together all claiming that which can be the Right but of One. In fine they have involved themselves in such a Labyrinth of Disputes and Cavils and are entangl'd in such a Circle of Absurdities that the soberer part of Christians begin to question the Authority both of Popes and Councils Insomuch as it being generally known that the last Assembly of this Kind was manifestly over-ruled by the Agents of the Court of Rome people spar'd not to pass this Jest on it and say That the Holy Ghost was sent from Rome to the Council of Trent in a Cloak-bag intimating thereby the many Instructions and Advices which were continually transmitted from Rome by the Post to the Fathers sitting in that Council whereby all things were determined according to the Pope's Pleasure and to the Advantage of the Roman Court. 'T is certain the Christians now-adays have abated much of that Blind Obedience which they formerly paid to the Roman Pontifs they begin to see with their own Eyes and not with those of their Priests There was a Time when many Kings were made to hold their Crowns in Fee of the Roman Prelate who pretended a Right to dispose of all the Kingdoms and Empires of the Earth as Vicar of God But the Kings of England Suedeland and Denmark with some Princes of the German Empire and the States of Holland have taught others the Way to stand upon their Guard so that though the Emperour of Germany Kings of France Spain and Poland with the Princes of Italy profess an Obedience to the Holy Father yet 't is rather out of a Maxim of Policy than any real Perswasion of Religion The Spaniards seem the most superstitiously Devoted to the See of Rome yet they will not endure the Excommunication which the Pope pronounces against their King above the Space of one Day It seems upon some old Difference between them it is usual for the Holy Father to Excommunicate this Sovereign once a Year that is on the Thursday before Easter which is the same as our Feast of Beiram Now as I am told the Spanish Ambassador next Day presents the Pope with a Gennet or Horse upon which the Censure is taken off This is an Ecclesiastick Juggle and the Court of Rome use a great deal of such Holy Legerdemain to keep the Sons of the Church in their Obedience The French Church though in all Things agreeing and professing an entire Obedience to the Roman yet claims to her self some Immunities and Privileges which the Court of Rome is very loath to grant Hence it comes to pass that there arise frequent Contests between the Popes and the Kings of France which are generally accommodated to the Advantage of the Latter the Pope not being willing to try the Force of THE LAST REASON OF KINGS This is a Motto engraven on the French King's Cannon which he has threatned to carry to the Walls of Rome if the Pope should entrench on the Gallican Rights But though they thus disagree in some Niceties of State yet they and all the Rest of the Nations within the Roman Communion have but one Form of Divine Service which they call the Mass and it is the same with the Grecian Liturgy On Festival Days it is solemnized with Variety of Choice Musick and Singing with Innumerable Wax-Tapers burning at Noon-day I have seen at such a Time Sixteen Priests before the Altar all Vested in most costly Silks embroidered with Gold and Pearls They have also many Chappels and Altars in the same Church and sometimes they Celebrate Mass on all the Altars together differing herein from those of the Greek Communion who have but one Altar in a Temple For which they plead Antiquity it never having been known that the Primitive Christians had any more On the other side the Romans plead Conveniency for the Multitude of their Altars that the Pope has a power to dispense with the Ancient Rites and Traditions in such Cases and that nothing was more reasonable than that their Altars should be multiplied as the Number of their Proselytes and Priests encreas'd I will not pretend to decide this Controversie permit me only to say that the Faithful Mussulmans have more reason to require several Preachers at the same time in our Magnificent Mosques where it is impossible for all the Auditors in so vast an Assembly to hear and understand the Law Expounded by one Man though it be performed in the Vulgar Tongue Whereas their Service is celebrated in a Language whereof the Multitude are utterly ignorant It matters not much whether they are near the Priest at the Altar or afar off since they understand not a Word he says and the Grecians judge it sufficient to be present at this their Daily Sacrifice tho it be at the very Porch of the Temple Another Difference there is also between these Two Churches The Roman allows not a Married Priest unless in some extraordinary Cases and then the Pope's Dispensation must be procured But Concubinage is connived at though forbidden by the Cannons of the Church Whereas thou knowest that all the Grecian Papa's marry and get Children The Spaniards among all the Nations within the Roman Pale are reckon'd the

their vilest Excrements They spare for no Cost to adorn their Churches and their Altars are enriched with invaluable Treasures of Silver Gold and Precious Stones and yet after all they must become the Receptacles of the Dung of Sordid Animals These wicked Wretches also walk up and down in these Sacred Places talking of their Common Affairs as though they were on the Exchange or in the Market-Place But that which is to be had in greatest Abomination is that it is common for Men to make Love to the Women in Churches They present themselves before the Altars but the Saint whom they Invocate is some beautiful Female She engrosses all their Devotions to her they make their Vows The amorous Youth adores his Mistress that kneels by him laden perhaps with more Sins than himself His Eyes may be fixed on the Altar or on the Pictures and Images but his Tongue Addresses to the more Charming Idol near him Or if his Eyes are attentive on his Prayer-Book he teaches it to speak nothing but the soft and effeminate Things of Love Thus Assignations of Lust are made in the House of Prayer and the Affairs of Cupid managed under the Masque of Religion They Fight the Battels of Venus under the Banner of their God I tell thee Venerable Interpreter of the Divine Law that the Sight of these Things has sometimes enflamed my Zeal to that Height as had it not been for an earnest Desire to do some extraordinary Service to the Grand Signior which obliged me to take Care of my self I should certainly have transfixt these prophane Mockers of God on the Spot and Sacrificed them to a Zeal which thou who art Piety it self wouldst not I believe reprehend I fold my Arms most Venerable Sovereign of Religion and wrapping my self in profound Humily I fall prostrate to the Earth begging thy effectual Blessing and Intercession that I may be admitted into the Number of the Happy in Paradise Paris 26th of the 9th Moon of the Year 1642. LETTER XXIV To the Vizir Azem Prime Director of the Affairs of the Ottoman Empire THE Notices I have of the Present State of England in Compliance with thy Commands are not gained without some Difficulty It is not easie for a Man that sits in his Chamber in Paris to pry into the Cabinets of Foreign Courts Yet I will communicate to thee some Intelligences which thou couldst not learn from the English Embassador at the Port nor from all the Travellours of that Nation residing at Constantinople Smyrna and Aleppo There is a Jew whom they call De Lopez a Confident and Emissary of Cardinal Richlieu whom he employs both at Home and Abroad in several private Negotiations and Intrigues I have insinuated into this Man's Familiarity and if I may so express it I have Riveted my self into his Heart He treats me with an Assurance void of Jealousie and there is no Folding or Angle in his Breast which I do not easily penetrate I make use of him as an Optick through which I peep into the Cardinal's Secrets and as a Mirrour in which I behold the true Face of many disguised Affairs transacted in the remotest Corners of Europe there being hardly any thing of moment done in the Courts of Christian Princes wherein the Cardinal has not a Finger He seems to be the Genius or Soul of Christendom communicating Motion Activity and Heat to all the Grand Intrigues now on Foot in these Western Parts of the World The Commotions of England seem to be a complicated Distemper of the State arising from several Causes drawn to a Head by the dextrous Artifice of this Busie Spirit The Present King of that Island came to the Crown with no small Disadvantages his Father having Exhausted the Treasury and left him deeply in Debt he had no small Number of the Blood-Royal to maintain which kind of Charges thou knowest our Glorious Sultans though they be Masters of infinite Riches endeavour to avoid by Marrying their Daughters and Nieces whilst yet Infants to some of the most Potent and Wealthy Bassa's that so their Port may be kept up without burdening the Royal Coffers But the Infidel Princes are wanting in this frugal Providence In the Reign of King James this King's Father England lay at Ease slumbring in the Downy Bed of Peace she wallowed in Pleasures and had no other Unhappiness but in being too Happy Her Affluence and Idleness affected the State with a Plethory The Publick Health cannot be long conserved without the moderate Exercise of War Charles after the Death of the Old King being Established in the Throne committed the Affairs of State to the Management of his Ministers never examining his Treasury nor calling to an Account his Officers but Indulged himself in the Pleasures most agreeable to his Youthful Genius He hunted in the Forests whilst the Grandees whom he entrusted with his Revenues and the Publick Conduct had another Game to pursue post-poning their Master's Interest and 〈◊〉 of the Nation to their own private Avarice The Favourite Minister held a secret Correspondence with Cardinal Richlieu and by this means the Court was filled with French Pensioners countenanced also by the Authority of the Queen who was the Daughter of France It had been before agreed in the Articles of the Marriage that the Queen of England should have a prefixed Number of French Servants But they not content with their Domestick Employments and Attendance on her Person sought the Management of that Estate which King Charles had setled on her as a Dowry This would by no means agree with the Constitutions of the English That Island is a Little World by it self and the Inhabitants boast of an Original Freedom of Birth which is not so much as dreamt of in all the Dominions of our Invincible Sultans Though the English have several Times been Invaded and Subdued by the Saxons Danes and French yet it has been rather by Composition than Extremity of War Or if it may be called a Conquest the Victors have been forced to yield to the Vanquished in assuring them their Ancient Laws Privileges and Customs There is no Nation in the World more jealous of this their pretended Birthright And therefore to avoid all Occasions of giving Offence to the Nobles and Gentry the King perceiving the insolent Demands and Carriage of the French Courtiers commanded them all save a few Creatures of the Favourite Duke to depart the Kingdom This much disgusted the Queen and Cardinal Richlieu was glad of the Opportunity to incense the King of France Lewis was netled at the Affront offered to his Sister Yet by the Dexterity of the Mareschal Bassompierre his Embassador at the English Court Things were in a way of Accommodation when all was quash'd by the Seizure which the French made of several English Ships and so a War commenced far more fatal in its Consequences to England than to France The King of England rouzed from his Pleasures and Divertisements by the Preparations