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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45667	Remarks on the affairs and trade of England and Ireland wherein is set down 1. the antient charge of Ireland, and all the forces sent thither from 1170 until the compleat conquest thereof in 1602 ..., 2. the peculiar advantages which accrue to England by Ireland ..., 3. the state of trade, revenue, rents, manufactures, &c. of Ireland, with the causes of its poverty ..., 4. the only sure expedients for their advancement, with the necessity and utility of the repeal (as well as suspension) of the laws against dissenters, and the test, 5. how the reduction and settlement of Ireland may be improved to the advantage of England ... / by a hearty well-wisher to the Protestant religion, and the prosperity of these kingdoms.	Harris, Walter, Sir.	1691 (1691)	Wing H886; ESTC R13627	68,949	83

Ireland granted this King 1700 Marks at several times towards the maintenance of his Wars The English in Ireland being wasted with the Supplies they had yielded to England against Scotland Wales and France and the frequent Rebellions there the Parliament there represented the ill Condition thereof in 1442 to Hen. VI. and that by reason thereof the Publick Revenue was 1456 l. per Annum less than the necessary Charge The Cardinal of Winchester the better to engross the King and that he might rule at Pleasure caused Richard Duke of York Earl of Vlster to be sent Lord Lieutenant thither to induce his Acceptance he gained the King to promise the Duke all the certain and casual Revenue of Ireland and 2666 l. 13 s. 4 d. for the first year to be paid out of of England and 2000 l. sterling per Annum for seven years more but this was ill paid However he had several Successes against the Rebels gained the Hearts of the English made good Laws and governed so worthily That out of Gratitude and Inclination to him he was assisted in his Pretentions to the Crown by Kildare and several great Parties out of Ireland as was the King by another Party thence under the Earl of Ormond in the 34th and 38th years A great Party thence was cut off and fell with him at the Battel of Wakefield as many from Ireland did on the other side at Mortimer's Cross these great Losses furnished the Natives with opportunities to enlarge their Borders and streighten the English About Anno 1474. the 14th of Edward IV. The Parliament of Ireland erected the Fraternity of St. George consisting of Thirteen Noblemen who were yearly to chuse of themselves a Captain of the Brotherhood who for his year was to command 120 Archers on Horseback at 6 d. per diem forty Horsemen at 5 d. per diem forty Pages at four Marks per annum to be paid out of a Subsidy of 12 d. per pound laid on all Merchandize Imported or Exported And these were all the standing Forces in pay at this time Six years after Richard Duke of York being Lord Lieutenant the Earl of Kildare his Deputy did undertake to keep that Kingdom in peace with eighty Archers and twenty Spear-men all on Horseback for 600 l. per annum The Infancy of Edward V. gave his unnatural Unkle the opportunity of Murthering him together with his Brother in the Tower whom he succeeded under the Title of Richard III. Anno 1483. but a period was put to his Tyranny Usurpation and Life in 1485. Henry VII held himself under no obligation to do much for Ireland because two walking Spectres thence Lambert and Warbeck disquieted a great part of his Reign yet in 1487. he sent over 500 Men under Sir Richard Edgcomb some write that he carried no Forces with him and about fifty more Anno 1492. The next year after the King by Act of Parliament there resumed all the Crown Lands that had been granted away since the first of Henry VI. In the Ninth year of his Reign he sent over Sir Edward Poyning his Deputy and with him 940 Men. He by his Policy rather than force did more Service to his Prince and good to the English there than any of his Predecessors by gaining that Parliament to Enact That all the Publick Statutes of England made before that time should be in force in Ireland That no Parliament be held there until the Bills be first certified to the King under the great Seal there and those Bills be affirmed by the King and his Council to be expedient for the Land and Power be given under the great Seal of England to call a Parliament and many other beneficial Statutes He gained the King a Tax of 26 s. 8 d. out of every 120 Acres Arable Land in Lieu of Purveyance and a Resumption of all Grants made since the first of Edward III. which in Anno 1409. was followed with a Subsidy of 12 d. per pound on Imported Commodities and a Subsidy from the Clergy and Laity and in Anno 1508 he had 13 s. 4 d. granted him out of every 120 Acres Arable Land In Anno 1515. The Parliament of Ireland granted Henry VIII a Subsidy In Anno 1520. The Earl of Surry was sent Lord Lieutenant with 200 Men some say 900 more but whatever the number was they all returned for England with him the next year The Souldiers pay at this time was 4 d. per diem In 1524. The Earl of Kildare undertook the Government and to defray the whole Charge of the Kingdom with its own Revenue which he and his Deputy held with little interruption for near ten years Anno 1529. Sir William Skeffington carried over 200 Men according to some 500. In 1534. he carried over 750 to suppress the Rebellion of the Fitz-Geralds as did the Lord Grey 200 more the next year who ended it upon which 750 of the Army was disbanded This Rebellion is said to cost the King above 20000 l. The Revenue of the Kingdom by reason of that Rebellion being but 5000 l. per annum To repay which or prevent the like charge in future The King had the first Fruits then the twentieth part of all Ecclesiastical Livings then the first Fruits of all Abbeys Priories and Colledges in that Kingdom given him Kildares Estate of 893 l. per annum and many great Estates of those concerned in that Rebellion were all given to the King as also all Lands belonging to all Abbeys Priories and Colledges there And the Estates of many Absentees Hitherto the Wars in Ireland was mostly between the English and Native Irish on the Score of Civil Interest But from the time of this Kings first Divorce and Kildares Rebellion the degenerate English joined with the Irish and pretended Religion for their subsequent Rebellions which thenceforth became more frequent and more formidable being fomented and abetted sometime by the Emperor sometime by France sometime by Spain mostly by the Pope especially from the time of the Kings assuming the Supremacy Henceforward they have been no longer Loyal than whilst they have been compelled to be so In 1539. Sir William Brereton carried over 250 Men. In 1542 the Parliament gave Henry VIII the Title of King of Ireland all his Predecessors having only had the Title of Lord thereof In Anno 1543. the Irish Revenue besides Customs first-Fruits Tributes and some other particulars amounted but to 8700 l. per annum and the whole charge to but 10500 l. The Chief Governour upon all Warlike Expedition by an antient usage in that Kingdom did Tax each County with a certain Summ of Money to defray the charge thereof So that it is not easie to apprehend that Ireland at this time could be a charge to England The standing Army was but 375 Horse and 150 Foot In 1544. 700 Men were sent from Ireland into France who greatly damnified the French and by pretty Stratagems contributed to the supply of the Army with

where given us He undertook for 11213 l. 6 s. 8 d. per Annum to bear the whole Charge of that Kingdom both Civil and Military During his Government he obtained 5000 l. of the Parliaments of that Kingdom towards maintenance of the Kings Wars which I presume was those with France Richard II. Anno 1384. committed the Government of Ireland to Robert Vere Earl of Oxford and Duke of Ireland during his Life with Power to receive the whole Revenue without Account and to keep an Army of 1000 Archers and 500 men at Arms for two years But I do not find that either he or his men went thither for the Kings Affections to him were such that he would not bear his absence Yet he continued Lord Lieutenant seven or eight years during which he constituted several Deputies and received most of the Profits of that Government to his own use The King being reproach'd abroad That he could neither rule England keep his part in France nor finish the Conquests of Ireland he resolved to retrieve his Reputation in respect of the last To that end he took Shipping in October 1394 and landed at Waterford with an Army of 34000 Men but to little purpose partly for that he suffered himself to be cheated as were his Predecessors by the feigned Submissions of most of the Irish Princes and great Lords who on his arrival humbled themselves Some of whom quitted all Title to their Estates in Leinster and conditioned with their Swords under the Kings Pay to carve out Estates for themselves in other parts of the Kingdom with which the King was constrained to be satisfied by reason of the Clamour and Importunity of the Clergy of England Whose constant hatred of Reformation and fear that the Enormities of their Lives and Corruption of their Doctrines should be exposed by the Wickl fits caused them to send the Bishops of York and London to hasten the Kings return The truth is they wanted the Royal Authority for persecution of the Innocent and suppression of the Truth To gratifie their Importunity the King returned at Shrovetide or Easter following having sufficient Power but not time to do any thing considerable At his departure he left Roger Mortimer Earl of March his Lord Lieutenant who in right of his Wife was Earl of Vlster Lord of Conaught Meath and Clare and next Heir to the Crown He was murdered there four years after It was customary until near this time for the Lord Chancellor to pay annually 2000 Marks into the Exchequer for the use of the great Seal which went a great way towards bearing the charge of that Kingdom in peaceable times But the Fees being much abated that branch of the Revenue did so too In Revenge of the Murder of the Earl of March King Richard went thither again in April 1398. with such an Army as with their Necessaries and Followers took up a Fleet of 300 Ships The Irish generally mollified him by their old Method of Submissions The obstinate he intended to have subdued But the Tidings that the Duke of Lancaster afterwards Hen. IV. was landed in England and claimed the Crown called him back so that he landed in England the 24th of June following and soon after for his Male-administration lost first his Crown and Liberty by Order of Parliament and then his Life by the hands of Villains The Clergy nor Parliaments of those times had not imbibed the Doctrine of Non-resistance or Passive Obedience or that the Crown could not be forfeited by Male-administration or that it could not for the good and Preservation of the Community be transferred or that any Legal Possessor of it might disseize the Subject of his Liberty or Franchises or take away and dispose their Estates at Pleasure You must know that from the time of King Hen. II. his Expedition into Ireland until this time Ireland was of the same use to the Crown that Tangier and the pretence of a War with France was to Charles II. Richard II. had often and now Hen. IV. began to desire Money from the Parliament of England for supply of Ireland and had a Subsidy granted for three years of 50 s. for every Sack of Wool Skins and Woolfels from every Denison and 4 l. from every Stranger Also one Tenth and one Fifteenth for support of his War with Scotland relief of Calais and Ireland but he found so much use for it in England that I do not find that one Penny of it went thither But on the other side being in War with Scotland the English of Ireland fought the Scots in his quarrel at Sea where many of the first were killed and drowned In 1405 They took three Scotch Ships and their Commander and twice in Favour of England invaded Scotland with good Success and the same year invaded Wales did much harm to the Welch and carried away good Booty This King made the Duke of Lancaster Lord Lieutenant of Ireland for seven years He went thither in 1401. and returned into England in 1403. his Entertainment or Salary was but 666 l. 13 s. 4 d. per Annum And it was because he was the Kings Son that it was so much So inconsiderable were the Armies that were kept up in Ireland that it was an honour placed on this Duke that he was permitted to have an Army of 1500 men in all Ireland though many of the Irish were in Rebellion and so frugally were the Affairs of that Kingdom managed that this Duke was limited to keep up that Army but for three years About Lammas 1408. The Duke Of Lancaster went into Ireland a second time and narrowly escaped being killed by some of the Rebels At his arrival there he compelled the Earl of Kildare to pay him 300 Marks for his Male-administration He had a Tallage granted him by the Parliament of Ireland and returned into England next March after his landing in Ireland Whoever looks into the Troubles of this Kings Reign will see that he could supply Ireland neither with Men nor Money Hen. V. was so fully taken up with his Conquests in France that he minded Ireland no further than to draw Supplies thence which he did Anno 1412. under the Earl of Ormond And in 1417 the Prior of Kilmainham with 1600 in Mail with Darts and Skeyns all tall nimble men arrived at the Camp before Rouen and joyfully accepted the most dangerous Post wherein they so acquitted themselves that our Writers tell us no men were more praised nor did more harm to their Enemies For by their Agility of Body and swiftness of Foot they did more mischief the Enemy than their barded Horses did hurt to the nimble Irish And in the seven years of his Reign the French Historians tell us that the Irish did over-run all the Isle of France did innumerable damages to the French and daily brought Victuals and Preys to the English Army which so terrified the French about Paris that they fled and left the Country desolate The Parliament of

REMARKS ON THE Affairs and Trade OF England and Ireland Wherein is set down 1. The Antient Charge of Ireland and all the Forces sent thither from 1170 until the Compleat Conquest thereof in 1602 with the Returns of Forces and Treasure which have been made thence to England towards the Conquests of France Scotland and Wales 2. The peculiar Advantages which accrue to England by Ireland As also those made in the Course of Trade 3. The State of the Trade Revenue Rents Manufactures c. of Ireland with the Causes of its Poverty And the State of the Trade and Rents of Lands in England from the Reign of Ed. III. unto this time with the Causes of their increase and Abatement 4. The only sure Expedients for their Advancement with the Necessity and Utility of the Repeal as well as Suspension of the Laws against Dissenters and the Test 5. How the Reduction and Settlement of Ireland may be improved to the Advantage of England and Increase of their Majesties Revenue 1500000 l. may be raised by Ireland to the ease of England expediting of their Majesties Affairs And how Ireland may be rendred Useful towards the retrenching the Power of France By a hearty Well-wisher to the Protestant Religion and the Prosperity of these Kingdoms With Allowance LONDON Printed for Tho. Parkhurst at the Bible and Three Crowns in Cheapside near Mercers Chapel 1691. To His Grace James Duke of Ormond The Right Honourable Richard Earl of Burlington and Cork Lord High Treasurer of Ireland William Earl of Portland Sir John Lowther Baronet Vice-Chamberlain to Her Majesty Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Richard Hambden Esquire Chancellor of the Exchequer Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Sir Stephen Fox Knight Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Thomas Pelham Esquire Lords of Their Majesties Treasury Sir Henry Ashurst Baronet And Sir Thomas Clergis Knight My Lords and Honoured Gentlemen THese Papers which were writ with a more private design yet chiefly intended for the Service of Their Majesties and the Publique are now addressed to your Lordships to render them the more useful to those Ends the several Eminent Stations in which all of you are gives you the opportunity of improving whatever is herein proposed to that purpose The unhappy management of the Affairs of Ireland on every Rebellion hath made the Charge of their Reduction to England ten times more than needed Cambden observed that by long usage it was grown a mischievous Custom in Ireland that Rebels might with part of the Plunder they took from the English procure Pardon Whereby and the Lenity of England Rebellions were nourished there This is most certain that the Papists have always had such Influence on the Councils of England as on the conclusion of every Rebellion they have been left in a condition to renew them at pleasure to the great Charge of England and Ruin of the English Planters in Ireland and of their Improvements And now they the French K. and the late K. J. have their Instruments at work to that end But five Rebellions having been raised there betwixt 1567 and 1642. and now a Sixth of which two formidable and chargeable ones having happened within the memory of many yet living will if we be not doomed to Infatuation instruct us in the necessity of breaking their power and utterly disabling them for future Rebellions There are a Party of Men who while the late K. J. was in Ireland magnified both it and the Force of the Irish but upon the Tydings of the happy progress of His Majesties Arm to detract from the Glory of His Acquisitions they represent that Kingdom as chargeable and useless nay as disadvantagious to England It hath however to their Mortification already yielded Laurels to incircle His Royal Brows and will do Treasure to His Coffers with a rich Return to this Kingdom of the Charge laid out for its Reduction if the Settlement thereof be duly attended It is enough for His Majesty to Conquer it ought to be the Care of His Ministers to settle and secure There is indeed a great measure of Wisdom required to improve Victories as well as Courage and Conduct to Atchieve them It hath been observed to be the Fate of the English to lose that by Treaty which they gain by Conquest Five Hundred Years Experience hath verified it in great measure as to Ireland The Affairs and Trade of that Kingdom its Vtility and Importance to England and the Influence it hath on the Trade and Rents thereof seems to have escaped the observation of most of our Statesmen and Merchants I have in these Papers attempted to rescue them from that obscurity and to lay them before Your Honours Now that the Affairs of that Kingdom are before You in Parliament Councils and Committees For which presumption nothing can Apologize but the Zeal for the Publick with which they were written I am in all humility My Lords and Gentlemen Your most Humble Servant W. H. SIR The Substance of the First of the Inquiries you Propose concerns Ireland which I take to be this First Whether England hath been Loser or Gainer by the Conquest of Ireland the Charge considered that hath been Expended thereon YOU are pleased to require my Answer to this and the other Queries which you propose presuming that my Acquaintance with that Kingdom c. doth Capacitate me to satisfie you therein I confess I have made Observations that would at least have Contributed thereunto But my Absence from Papers that would have inabled a more distinct and satisfactory Account of those matters might have excused my Disobedience at least for the present But being you admit not thereof but use the Power you have over me in commanding a speedy Compliance I will in Obedience briefly set down what occurs to me on that Subject tho' my Sentiments in this matter being different from many others I foresee the hardiness of undertaking to contradict Common-Fame or to rectifie a vulgar Error I have heard several and among them some of the Famed States-Men of the Age wish there were no such place as Ireland and fault its nearness to England as detrimental or unprofitable As if had they been consulted they could have rectified the Creation by leaving it out or placing it better elsewhere The Error lies in not apprehending its usefulness to England Others gravely tell us both in Discourse and Print that the gaining and keeping Ireland hath cost England more than the purchase of all that Kingdom is worth But these are like him who pay'd Ten-Shillings for an Ewe kept her Five Years pay'd Twelve Pence per Annum for her keeping tho' he Yearly received her Lambs and Fleece yet believed he was Fifteen Shillings the worse by having her I confess I was once half of the mind that the Expence of England in Blood and Treasure about that Kingdom had been vast My Curiosity led me to examine whether it were so or no and I will here faithfully impart what I have

Provisions And in obedience to the Kings commands 3000 Men were sent from Ireland against Scotland In 1547. Edward VI. to secure that Kingdom upon the Reformation of Religion sent thither 600 Horse and 400 Foot under Sir Edward Belingham who with the Forces there subdued the Demseys Connors and Moores then in Rebellion whereby Offailie and Leixe were forfeited to the Crown This King being incumbred with Wars with France and Scotland and many Rebellions at Home did as Haywood tells us draw much people from Ireland to serve him in his Wars To replenish which in the fourth year of his Reign he sent thither 400 men and 8000 l. And the next year the English from Ireland Invaded the Isles of Scotland In 1556. Queen Mary committed the Government of that Kingdom to the Earl of Sussex who carried Sir Henry Sidney with him and 25000 l. in Cash by whose assistance he finished what Belingham had so Worthily begun in breaking the power of the Demseys Connors Moores c. whereby Leixe and Offailie were Vested in the Crown and English Plantations settled in those parts now called the King 's and Queen's Counties The Irish Parliament then gave the Queen a Subsidy of 13 s. 4 d. out of every Plough-Land for ten years which was a great addition to the Revenue In 1558. This Earl had 500 men out of England with whom and the Forces of that Kingdom he Invaded the Isles of Scotland took some and sacked several others of them the standing Army there in this Reign when most was less than 1700. and sometimes less than 1100. In 1560. which was two years after Q. Elizabeth's Accession to the Crown there was 500 Foot sent into Ireland to recruit the Army In 1565. The Army in the Queens pay was but 1200 Horse and Foot The Charge of the Civil List about 1500 l. per annum The Revenue of Ireland surmounted 10000 l. per annum besides large Summs frequently gained from the Irish Lords on their Submissions and Tribute imposed on them so that the Queens Charge could be but small considering that all the Freeholders on every occasion of Marching the Army against any Rebels were obliged to send certain numbers of Horse and Foot with Provisions to attend the Chief Governour or Commander in Chief of the Army This Parsimonious Queen to avoid Expence and the sending men for Ireland ordered that every Tenant there that paid her 40 l. per annum Rent should be obliged to find a Horseman and every one that paid 6 l. 13 s. 4 d. per annum a Footman Armed for her Service to be ready on all occasions About this time O Donnel submitted to the Queen and conditioned to pay 200 l. per annum and to attend her Army on all occasions with a number of Horse and Foot as did many others of the Irish who submitted on like conditions of Compositions and Assistance which not only augmented the Revenue and lessened the Charge of the Army but helped much towards paying for their Fetters This O Donnel five years after paid the Queen 1200 l. for Delinquency and Arrears of his Composition In 1565. The Valiant Captain Randolph Landed at Derry with a Troop of Horse and 700 Foot to settle a Plantation he did great Service although at last he lost his Life in the Improvement of a memorable Victory which he obtained against the Rebels In 1569. Captain Ward with 400 Souldiers were sent into Ireland he landed at Cork The Queens great Study was to inlarge and firm her Conquest in Ireland without Charge In order thereunto she attempted to tread in the steps of Henry II. and several of his Successors who gained most of their Interest in that Kingdom at the charge of a few of their Subjects with little charge to the Crown or Kingdom of England In order thereto the Queen in 1572. incouraged Sir Tho. Smith at his own Charge to settle an English Colony in the Ards. She granted every Footman 120 Acres and every Horseman 240 Acres which then was as much as 500 Acres in England paying her one penny per Acre per annum And the year following she Lent the Earl of Essex 10000 l. on a Mortgage and gave him half the Clandeboys on condition that he should Plant 200 Horse and 400 Foot each Horseman was to have 400 Acres and each Footman 200 Acres paying 2 d. per Acre Quit-Rent Where that Noble Lord did perform many brave Exploits and had done much better had he not been countermined by the enmity and opposition of several Great Men both here and there In 1576. An Antient Tax called the Cess of five Marks on each Plow-Land which had been discretionarily levyed by the Chief Governours there from Edward III's time to this under pretence of Prerogative had by this time been Arbitrarily stretched to eight or nine pounds a Plow-Land being now complain'd of as a publick grievance was reduced within its first Bounds Yet notwithstanding this and other Regulations the worthy Sir Henry Sidney who governed there augmented the Queen's Revenue 11000 l. per annum above what he found it Until this time according to the best of our Writers England gained and maintained its footing in Ireland with very inconsiderable Charge to the Publick But henceforward the Charge became much greater mostly occasioned by the Queens great Parsimony who always employed incompetent force for subduing the Rebellions that were raised whereby they were lengthened to trebble the time and charge that would else have served I know not whether it ought to be reckoned as expended for the Conquest of that Kingdom tho' that was the Issue of it because the greatest part of it was occasioned by the King of Spain The Queen to divert that King from attempting England employed and fought him in the Netherlands mostly at the cost of the Dutch and he to divert her from assisting the Dutch or Invading his Dominions fomented Rebellions in Ireland and assisted them with Men and some Money yet fought her mostly at the cost of the Irish In 1579. There was 600 Men sent out of Devonshire into Ireland yet they made up the Army there in the Queens pay but 1100 Horse and Foot But the Rebellion of Desmond and others and the Spaniards that joined them did require the augmentation of the Army To that end three Companies were sent from Berwick and 150 Horse under Capt. Norris And in 1580. Six Companies under Capt. Berkley and 150 Horse under C. Russel which in 1582. were followed with 400 under the Earl of Ormond These with the Militia of that Countrey killed Desmond destroyed his Confederates in that Rebellion expelled the Spaniards and restored such measure of Peace to the Kingdom that the publick Revenue of it for the year 1583. amounted to about 24000 l. and thenceforward it encreased mightily by the firm Settlement of Estates and Enlargement of Trade insomuch that in 1584. the Lord Deputy proposed to the Queen that if she would add but 50000

of Indulgence suspended the Execution of those severe and unkind Laws with which Dissenters have been so long plagued and which have been so prejudicial to the Kingdom Yet they are not repealed but seem to be kept like Rods in pickle and the Instruments of our past Miseries and which procured them are many of them still in being longing endeavouring and daily threatning the Repeal of that Act of Indulgence and Suspension In such a State of things no man of sence that is tolerably setled abroad will be induced by a Liberty that 's so precarious to return home especially when he observes that if he do return and that he hath not stretched his Conscience larger than it was at his going abroad he must be content to be a Slave in one of the freest Kingdoms in the World incapacitated to serve God or his Country in any Office Civil or Military and like Issachars Ass be used only to bear a greater share of the publick burthen and charge and do a greater part of the publick drudgery than his Neighbours but must not be employed in any place either of Honour or Profit but be like the Silk-worm permitted to spin out his Bowels for others It is a scandal to our Nation and Religion and a thing abhorred by very many sober Christians That the receiving the Sacrament the most solemn Ordinance of our Religion in a mode never instituted by Christ nor practised by his Apostles should be made a qualification to the bearing of Office or Arms selling Ale or keeping a Victualing-house The great end of his Majesties glorious undertaking being to restore Liberty to every of the oppressed Protestants in these Kingdoms he seems in Interest as well as Inclination concerned to take off all these Incapacities from the Dissenters and legally to put them into as good or a better Condition than they were in under King James who arbitrarily compelled them to take Offices c. upon them seeing the most criminal and culpable part of the Kingdom have been pardoned indempnified and at least rendred capable of bearing Office c. There can no good reason be given why so great a part of the Nation that contribute so much to its Prosperity and Welfare and bear so great a part of the publick charge should stand exempted from the Priviledge of Subjects unless their greater Enmity to France their firm adherence to his Majesties Interest to that of the Kingdom and Protestant Religion bs made one and that our Divisions in favour of France ought to be perpetuated be made another Until those Clouds which intercept the benign Rays of Government from shining indifferently upon all Protestant Subjects are removed the King seems to be only King of a Part and not of the whole of his Subjects As it is the Interest of all the Princes of Europe to joyn against France so it is no less the Interest of all the Protestants of every Perswasion in this Kingdom to unite for their common defence against that Enemy of Mankind the French King For if he hath for so long a time withstood or kept the united force of almost all Europe at a Bay what are we to apprehend if any occurrent should dissolve the Confederacy and that he should have opportunity to attack us singly in the divided distracted Condition in which we are especially considering how great a Party he hath already amongst us But his Majesties Interest and Honour falling in so aptly with that of Europe the Safety and Prosperity of the Kingdom and the Advantage of our Landed men it will undoubtedly put him and them upon removing these Stones of stumbling and Rocks of Offence in a Parliamentary way and that the rather because had not this sort of People in the two last Reigns to the Irritation of the Court against them and the Ruin of many of them joyned with the sober part of the Church of England in electing such Members for Parliament as boldly asserted our Religion Liberties and Properties we had in all probability long before this been made Slaves to Popery and Arbitrary Government And had they not fallen in to do the like in this last Revolution in Electing Members for the late Convention or Parliament the Crown and Kingdom had in all likelihood been unsettled until this day Thus you see the sure way to advance the Rents of our Lands depends on the taking off all Restraints and giving due liberty to Manufacturers and alluring them Home in incouraging and improving those advantages which are in a manner peculiar to us in discourageing and clogging those Trades which draw away our Treasure In keeping a good Correspondence with those Kingdoms and Countreys whence we derive Materials for our Manufactures and those which take off our Natural Products Manufactures and Artificial Commodities All which are things worthy the consideration of the Great and Sage Council of the Kingdom the Parliament The Fifth Query How may the present Rebellion in Ireland and the Reduction thereof be improved to the future Security and Encrease of the Advantages which we receive by Ireland and of Their Majesties Revenue future Charge thereby to England be avoided and that Kingdom rendred useful towards bringing down the Power of France IT hath already been demonstrated That besides the Supplies of Men and Money which Ireland Antiently yielded us towards the Conquest of France Scotland and Wales That we did Annually before the present Rebellion utter considerable quantities of our Natural Products and Manufactures for which we had no other Markets into that Kingdom That we were furnished thence with several necessary Materials for our Manufactures and Commodities for Forreign Trade which we could not have elsewhere That some of their Ports are of great consideration to us the want of which our Merchants to their great loss have in this War experienced That besides the profit which we make by Ireland in the ordinary course of Trade we do receive thence yearly above 200000 l. All which Advantages had been much more had we not by prohibiting their Cattel and debarring their Trade to the Plantations interrupted the course of Commerce between the two Kingdoms compelled them to more Forreign Trade than they were otherways disposed to seek However you see that what remains is well worth the securing and improving and if we be not under Infatuation and still fond of our Errors the present Conjuncture of Affairs furnisheth us as with the opportunity to rectifie them so also to secure and improve them in order to which it will be necessary First That the Lives Liberties and Estates of the Protestants in that Kingdom be well secured Whilst these remain at uncertainties both publick and private Affairs will drive on but heavily It hath been the hard fate of the Protestants of Ireland as hath been said that the Papists have had such favour in and influence on our Council in England on the conclusion of every Rebellion that they have been left in a condition if