Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	hold_v	king_n	scotland_n	4,230	5	8.8042	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34856	England's interest asserted, in the improvement of its native commodities; and more especially the manufacture of wool plainly shewing its exportation un-manufactured, amounting unto millions of loss to His Majesty, and kingdom. With some brief observations of that worthy author Sir Walter Rawley, touching the same. All humbly presented to His Majesty, and both Houses of Parliament. By a true lover of His Majesty, and native country. Licensed by Roger L'estrange.; Englands glory.	Carter, W. (William); Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.	1669 (1669)	Wing C673; ESTC R204217	42,697	60

ENGLAND'S Interest Asserted IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF ITS NATIVE COMMODITIES And more especially the Manufacture of WOOL Plainly shewing its Exportation Un-manufactured amounting unto Millions of Loss to His MAJESTY and Kingdom With some Brief Observations of that worthy Author Sir WALTER RAWLEY touching the same All Humbly presented to His MAJESTY and Both Houses of PARLIAMENT By a true Lover of His Majesty and Native Country Licensed by Roger L'estrange LONDON Printed for Francis Smith and are to be sold at the Elephant and Castle without Temple-Bar and by Henry Mortlock at the White Horse in Westminster-Hall 1669. Englands Glory BY THE Benefit of Wool Manufactured therein from the Farmer to the Merchant and the Evil Consequences of its Exportation Unmanufactured Briefly Hinted With Submission to better Judgments THere is no King nor Prince in the World known by experience or upon Record that hath such means to support their Splendour and Greatness as his Majesty of great Britain nor has any Country or Nation such variety of staple Commodities within it self and in such abundance as hath the Kingdom of England which are said by some to be a Hundred Native Commodities which produceth a Thousand sorts of Manufactures So that if those advantages were duly improved England might be a general Mart for the whole World and then by consequence be the glory thereof That those advantages are not improved is too too obvious to all that look into it by the sore complaint that are frequently made of the great poverty and decay thereof and indeed which is worst of all by that general desperation of spirit which will not put forth a hand to help support or prevent the total desolation of our Country upon a prepossest opinion that all endeavours will be rendred fruitless and abortive The consideration whereof hath greatly prompted me who must confess my self the meanest of Thousands more concerned to use the utmost of my little skill and unwearied diligence though but as the Womans mite to the right management of so great an undertaking that the threatned ruine of all may be prevented and if possible some good part of what is lost may be recovered And whereas many have taken in hand to set forth these things some treating of one thing and other of another which if all was collected and harmonized it might very much conduce to the promoting of this weighty affair of so publick a value I shall confine my self to those things only whereof I have had not only credible information but a considerable though a sad experimental knowledge and in a more particular and especial manner that of Wool and of its Manufacture and Consequences which amongst many is the Richest Treasure in his Majesties Dominions the flower strength and sinews of this Nation a Land uniting the People into Societies for their own Utility it is the Milk and Honey to the Grazier and Country Farmer the Gold and Spices of the East and West Indies to the Merchant and Citizens the continued supply of Bread to the Poor and in a word the Exchequer of wealth and staple of protection to the whole both abroad and at home and therefore of full merit to be had in perpetual remembrance defence and encouragement for the most advantageous improvement thereof The Wools of England before it was manufactured within it self have ever been of great account and esteem abroad sufficiently testified unto by the great amity which it begat and for many Hundred Years inviolably maintained between the King of England and Dukes of Burgundy only for the great benefit that from that Commodity did accrew to that People insomuch that the English Wools they receiv'd at 6 d. per Pound they returned again through their industrious manufacture thereof in Cloth at 10 s. per Yard to the great inriching of that State both in the advancement of the Revenues of their Soveraign and in a full employment thereby continued among the People whereby the Merchants of this Nation were occasioned as a People unwilling to be wholly dispriviledged of so great a benefit to transport themselves with their Families in great numbers into Flanders from whence they held a constant Commerce with most parts of the World this continued without intermission between England and Burgundy until King Edward the 3 d. made his mighty Conquests over France Scotland and as a suitable improvement of so great a mercy did wisely project and also accomplish the manufacture of Wools within the Bowels of this Kingdom to the great inriching of his own People and also to the Peopling of his new Conquered Dominions the memory of whose wisdome and care for his People is worthy to be had in remembrance by English Men unto the Worlds end The said King having thus setled the manufacture of Wools within the Kingdom of England confined it by a penal Statute which at first reached not only to Goods Chattels and Land but also to Members and Life it self but in a short time repealed the two latter thereof continuing the other in its full force to remain to future Generations which exceeding great advantage to the prosperity of the English Trade hath now continued these Three Hundred Years by the vigilancy of the Kingdoms Monarchs and the protection of its Laws in the continued careful execution thereof upon offenders with more than a little diligence to provide against the thirsting desires of Foreiners to wrest this Native priviledge of so great a moment out of English hands which by the providence of God through the great care of our Ancestors has been for many Ages enjoyed by the Nation as it is indeed its proper right But so it is that for some years past the diligence of Foreiners to enrich themselves upon us has so much exceeded our care to preserve our selves that it 's now come to if not beyond a question Who have the greatest benefit of the manufacture of English Wools they who have no right unto it or they to whom of right it doth belong That this is indeed so will appear by considering that not only Holland Flanders and Zealand have long sucked the sweetness of the sinews of our Trade but France is likewise learning to be too hard for us as is manifest by the great quantities of Wools that of late years have been transported from England and Ireland thither how injurious it must be to us is also unquestionable if we consider the consequence thereof which was without question much in the Eye of our Ancestors as appeares by what is above hinted in Edward the 3 ds time and in several Kings Reigns since Every Pack of Wool sent to France doth prevent us not only of the benefit of the manufacture thereof but of two Packs more besides it self viz. Thus it being combing and combed Wool for the most part exported thither the French having no Wools of their own but such as are very course are not able to make Cloth or fine Stuff without the conjunction

this is so I humbly desire that your Majesty will vouchsafe to peruse this advertisement with that care and judgement which God hath given you Most humbly praying your Majesty that whereas I presented these five Propositions together as in their own natures joyntly de●●n●ing one of a●other and so linked together as the distraction of any one will be an apparent maim and disabling to the best that your Majesty would be pleased that they may not be separated but all handled together joyntly and severally by Commissioners with as much speed and secrecy as can be and made fit to be reported to your Majesty whereby I may be the better able to perform to your Highness that which I have promised and will perform upon my life if I be not prevented by some that may seek to hinder the honour and profit of your Majesty for their own private ends The true ground-course and form herein mentioned shall appear how other Countries make themselves Powerful and rich in all kind by Merchandize Manufactury and fulness of Trade having no commodities in their own Countrey growing to do it withall And herein likewise shall appear how easie it is to draw the Wealth and Strength of other Countreys to your Kingdom and what Royal rich and plentiful means God hath given this Land to do it which cannot be denyed for support of Traf●●ck and continual imployment of your people for replenishing of your Majesties Coffers and if I were not fully assured to improve your Native commodities with other Traffick three millions of pounds more yearly then now they are and to bring not onely to your Majesties Coffers within the space of two or three yours near two millions of pounds but to increase your Revenues many thousands yearly and to please and greatly profit your people I would not have undertaken so great a work all which will grow by advancement of all kind of Merchandizing to the utmost thereby to bring Manufactory into the Kingdom and to set on work all sorts of people in the Realm as other Nations do which raise their greatness by the abundance of your Native commodities whilst we are parling and disputing whether it be good for us or not May it please Your Most Excellent Majesty I Have diligently in my travels observed how the Countreys herein mentioned do grow Potent with abundance of all things to serve themselves and other Nations where nothing groweth and that their never-dried Fountains of Wealth by which they raise their Estate to such an admirable height as that they are at this day even a wonder to the world proceedeth from your Majesties Sea and Lands I thus moved began to dive into the depth of their Pollicies and circumventing practises whereby they drain and still covet to exhaust the Wealth and Coyn of this Kingdom and so with our own Commodities to weaken us and finally beat us quite out of Trading in other Countreys I found that they more fully obtained these their purposes by their convenient Priviledges and setled Constitutions than England with all the Law and superabundance of home bred Commodities which God hath vouchsafed your Sea and Land And these and other mentioned in this Book are the urgent causes that provoked me in my love and bounden duty to your Majesty and my Countrey to address my former Books to your Princely hands and consideration By which Priviledges they draw multitudes of Merchants to trade with them and many other Nations to inhabit amongst them which makes them populous and there they make Store-houses of all Forreign commodities wherewith upon every occasion of scarcity and dearth they are able to furnish Forreign Countries with plenty of those Commodities which before in time of plenty they engrossed and brought home from the same places which doth greatly augment Power and Treasure to their State besides the common good in setting their poor people on work to which privilegdes they add smallness of Custom and liberty of Trade which maketh them flourish and their Countrey so plentyfull of all kind of Coyne and commodities where little or nothing groweth and their Merchants so flourish that when a loss cometh they scarce feell it to bring this to pass they have many advantages of us the ones by their fashioned Ships called Boyers Hoybatks Hoyes and others that are made to hold great bulk of Merchandize and to sail with a few men for profit For example though an English Ship of two hundred tun and a Holland Ship or any other of the petty States of the same burthen be at Danske or any other place beyond the Seas or in England they do serve the Merchant better cheap by one hundred pounds in his fraight than we can by reason he hath but nine or ten Marriners and we near thirty thus he saveth twenty mens meat and wages in a voyage and so in all other their Ships according to their burden by which means they are fraighted wheresoever they come to great profit whilest our Ships lye still and decay or go to Newcastle for Coals Of this their smallness of Custom inwards and outwards we have dayly experience for if two English Ships or two of any other Nation be at Burdeaux both laden with Wine of three hundred tuns a piece the one bound for Holland or any other petty States the other for England the Marchant shall pay about nine hundred pounds custom here and other duties when the other in Holland or any other petty States shall be cleared for less then fifty pounds and so in all other Wares and Merchandizes accordingly which draws all Nations to Traffick with them and although it seems but small duties which they receive yet the multitudes of all kind of Commodities and Coyn that is brought there by themselves and others and carryed out by themselves and others is so great that they receive more custome and duties to the State by the greatness of their Commerce in one year then England doth in two years for the one hundreth part of Commodities are not spent in Holland but vented into other Countries which maketh all the Countrey-Merchants to buy and sell and increase Ships and Marriners to transport them My travels and meaning is not to diminish neither hath been your Majesties Revenues but exeeding to encrease them as shall appear and yet please the people as in other parts they do notwithstanding their Excises bring them in great Revenues yet whosoever will adventure to Burdeaux but for six tuns of Wine shall be free of Excise in his own house all the year long and this is done of purpose to animate and increase Merchants in their Countrey And if it happen that a Trade be s●●●ped by any Forreign Nation which they heretofore usually had or hear of any good Trading which they never had they will hinder others and seek either by favour money or force to open the gap of Traffick for advancement of Trade amongst themselves and imployment of their people and when

ever could be heard of in the World is upon the coasts of England Scotland and Ireland but the great Fishery is in the Low-countries and other petty States wherewith they serve themselves and all Christendom as it shall appear in four Towns in the East Kingdoms within the Sound Quinsbrough Elbing Statten and Dantzick there are carried and vented in a year between thirty and fourty thousand last of Herrings sold but at fifteen or sixteen pounds the Last is about 620000. and we none besides Denmark Norway Sweden Leifland Rye Nevil the Nerve and other Port-towns within the Sound ther● is carried and vented above 10000. Last of Herrings sold at fifteen or sixteen pounds the last is 170000. pounds more yearly in such request are our Herring there that they are often times sold for 20 24 30 and 36. pounds the Last and send not one barrel into all those East-Countries The Hollanders sent into Russia near fifteen hundred Last of Herrings sold about 30. shillings the barrel amounteth to 27000. pounds and we but about 20 or 30. Lasts to Stoad Hambourgh Breamen and Embden upon the River of Elve Weafer and Embs are carried and vented of Fish and Herrings about 6000. lasts sold about fifteen or sixteen pounds the Last is 100000. l. and we none Cleafland Gulickland up the River of Rhine to Cullen Frankford or the Main and so over all Germany is carried and vented Fish and Herrings near 12000. sold at 20. pounds the Last is 44000 pound and we none Up the River of Maze leight Mastricht Vendloo Sutphen Deventer Campen Swool and all over Lukeland is carried and vented 7000. Last of Herrings sold at twenty pounds the Last is 140000. pounds and we none To Gilderland Artois Henault Brabant Flanders up the River of Antwerpe all over the Arch-Dukes Countreys are carried and vented between eight and nine thousand lasts sold at 18. pounds the last is 171000. pounds and we none The Hollanders and others carried of all sorts of Herrings to Roan onely in one year besides all other parts of France 50000. last of Herrings sold at 20. pound the last is 100000. pounds and we not one hundred last thither they are sould oftentimes there for 20 and 24 and 30. pounds the last between Christmass and Lent the duties for Fish and Herrings came to 15000. Crowns at Roan onely that year the late Queen deceased Sir Thomas Parrye was Agent there then and S. Savors his man knows it to be true who handled the business for pulling down the Impositions then what great sums of money came to all in the Port-towns to inrich the French Kings Coffers and to all the Kings and States throughout Christendom to inrich their Coffers besides the great quantity vented to the Straights and the multitude spent in the Low-Contries which is there likewise sould for many a hundred thousand pounds more yearly is necessary to be remembred and the stream to be turned to the good of this Kingdom to whose Sea-coasts God onely hath sent and given these great blessings and multitude of riches for us to take However it hath been neglected to the hurt of this Kingdom that any Nation should carry away out of this Kingdom yearly great masses of money for Fish taken in our Seas and sold again by them to us which must needs be a great dishonour to our Nation and hindrance to this Realm from any Port-Town of any Kingdom within Christendom the Bridgemasters or the Wharfmasters for twenty shillings a year will deliver a true note of the number of lasts of Herrings brought to their Wharf and their prices commonly they are sould at but the number brought to Danske Cullen Rotterdam and Enchusen is so great as it will cost three four or five pounds for a true note the abundance of Corn groweth in the East Kingdoms but the great Store-houses for grain to serve Christendom the heathen Countries in time of dearth is in the Low-countries wherewith upon every occasion of scarcity and dearth they do inrich themselves seaven years after imploy their people and get great straights for their Ships in other Countries and we not one in that course the mighty Vineyards and store of Salt is in France and Spain but the great Vintage and staple of Salt is in the Low-countries and they send near one thousand sail of Ships with Salt and Wine onely into the East Kingdoms yearly besides other places and we not one in that course the exceeding Groves of Wood are in the East Kingdoms but the huge piles of Wainscore Clapboard Fir Deal Masts and timber is in the Low-Countrys where none grow wherewith they serve themselves and other parts and this Kingdom with those commodities they have five or six hundred great long Ships continually using that Trade we none in that course the Wool Cloth Lead Tin and divers other commodities are in England but by means of our Wooll and Cloth going out ruffe undrest and undyed there is an exceeding Manufactury and Drapery in the Low-Countries wherewith they serve themselves and other Nations and advance greatly the imployment of the people at home and Traffick abroad and put down ours in Forreign parts where our Merchants trade unto with our own commodities we send into the East Kingdoms yearly but one hundred Ships and our Trade cheifly dependeth upon three towns Elbing Kingsborough and Danske for making our sails and buying their Commodities sent into this Realm at dear rates which this Kingdom bears the burthen of The Low-Contries send into the East Kingdoms yearly about three thousand Ships trading into every City and Port-town taking the advantage and venting their Commodities to exceeding profit and buying and lading their Ships with plenty of those Commodities which they have from every of those Towns 20. per Cent. better cheap then we by reason of the difference of the Coyn and their Fish yields ready money which greatly advanceth their Traffick and dacayeth ours they send into France Spain Portugal Italy from the East Kingdoms that passeth through the Sound and through your narrow Seas yearly of the East-Country commodities about two thousand Ships and we none in that course they Trade into all Cities and Port-towns in France and we cheifly into five or six they Traffick into every City and Port-town round about this Land with five or six hundred Ships yearly and we cheifly but to three Towns in their Countrey and but with fourty Ships notwithstanding the Low Countries have as many Ships and Vessels as eleven Kingdoms of Christendom have let England be one and build every year near one thousand Ships and not a Timber-Tree growing in their own Countrey and that also all their home-bred commodities that grow in their Land in a year less then one hundred good Ships are able to carry them away at one time yet they handle the matter so for setting them all on work that their Traffick with the Haunce-Towns exceeds in Shipping all Christendom We have

Flax Corn and other Commodities as they are bound to lade their Ships withall which Ships they engage themselves to relade within three weeks or a month and do give the price the Merchant Stranger asketh because he gives them Credit and lets them Ship away their Iron Flax and other Commodities before they have sold their Kerzies and other Commodities by which means extraordinary dear Commodities are returned into this Realm and the Servants also enforced to sell his Cloths under-foot and oftentimes to loss to keep his Credit and to make payment for the Goods before Shipped home having some twenty dayes or a months respite to sell the Cloths and to give the Merchant satisfaction for his Iron Flax and other Wares by which extremities our Home-bred Commodities are abased Touching Fishing THE great Sea-business of Fishing doth imploy near twenty thousand Ships and Vessels and four hundred thousand people are imployed yearly upon your Coast of England Scotland and Ireland with sixty Ships of War which may prove dangerous The Hollanders only have about three thousand Ships to Fish withall and fifty thousand people are imployed yearly by them upon your Majesties Coasts of England Scotland and Ireland These three thousand Fishing Ships and Vessels of the Hollanders do imploy near nine thousand other Ships and Vessels and one hundred and fifty thousand persons more by Sea and Land to make provision to dress and transport the Fish they take and return Commodities whereby they are enabled and do build yearly one thousand Ships and Vessels having not one Timber Tree growing in their own Country nor Home-bred Commodities to lade one hundred Ships and yet they have twenty thousand Ships and Vessels and all imployed King Henry the seventh desirous to make his Kingdoms powerfull and rich by encrease of Ships and Mariners and imployment of his people sent unto his Sea-Coast Towns moving them to set up the great and rich Fishing with promise to give them needfull Priviledges and to furnish them with Loans of money if need were to encourage them yet his people were slack Now since I have traced this business and made mine endeavours known unto your Majesty your Noblemen able Merchants and others who having set down under their hands for more assurance promised to disburse large sums of money for the building up of this great and rich large Sea-City which will encrease more strength to your Land give more comfort and do more good to all your Cities and Towns than all the Companies of your Kingdom having fit and needfull Priviledges for the upholding and strengthening of so weighty and needfull a business For example twenty Busses built and put into a Sea-Coast Town where there is not one Ship before there must be to carry re-carry transport and make provision for one Busse three Ships likewise every Ships setting on work thirty several Trades and Occupations and four hundred thousand persons by Sea and Land in so much as three hundred persons are not able to make one Fleet of Nets in four months for one Busse which is no small imployment Thus by twenty Busses are set on work near eight thousand persons by Sea and Land and an encrease of above one thousand Mariners and a Fleet of eighty sail of Ships to belong to one Town where none were before to take the wealth out of the Sea to enrich and strengthen the Land only by raising of twenty Busses Then what good one thousand or two thousand will do I leave to your Majesties consideration It is worthy to be noted how necessary Fishermen are to the Commonwealth and how needfull to be advanced and cherished Viz. 1. For taking Gods blessing out of the Sea to enrich the Realm which otherwise we lose 2. For setting the people on Work 3. For making plenty and cheapness in the Realm 4. For encreasing of Shipping to make the Land powerfull 5. For a continual Nursery for breeding and encreasing our Mariners 6. For making imployment of all sorts of people and blind lame and others by Sea and Land from ten and twelve years and upwards 7. For enriching your Majesties Coffers for Merchandizes returned from other Countreys for Fish and Herrings 8. For the encrease and enabling of Merchants which now droop and daily decay Touching the Coyn. FOr the most part all Monarchies and Free-States both Heathen and Christian as Turkey Barbary France Poland and others do hold for a Rule of never-failing profit to keep their Coyn at higher rates within their own Territories than it is in other Kingdoms The causes 1. To preserve the Coyn within their own Territories 2. To bring unto themselves the Coyn of Foreign Princes 3. To enforce Merchant-Strangers to take their Commodities at high rates which this Kingdom bears the burthen of For instance The King of Barbary perceiving the Trade of Christian Merchants to encrease in this Kingdom and that the returns out of his Kingdoms were most in Gold whereby it was much enhanced raised his Ducket being then currant for three Ounces to four five and six Ounces nevertheless it was no more worth in England being so raised then when it went for three Ounces This Ducket currant for three Ounces in Barbary was then worth in England seven shillings and six pence and no more worth being raised to six Ounces since which time adding to it a small piece of Gold he hath raised it to eight and lastly to ten Ounces yet at this day it is worth but ten shillings and one penny notwithstanding your Majesties fate raising of your Gold Having thus raised his Gold he then devised to have plenty of Silver brought into his Kingdom raised the Royal of Eight being but two Ounces to three and three-pence half-penny which caused great plenty of Silver to be brought in and to continue in his Kingdom FRANCE The English Jacobus goeth for three and twenty shillings in Merchandizing The French Crown for seven shillings and six pence Also the King hath raised his Silver four Sowce in the Crown NORTH-HOLLAND The double Jacobus goeth for three and twenty shillings sterling The English Shillings is there eleven Stivers which is two shillings over in the pound POLAND The King of Poland raiseth his Hungary Ducket from 56. to 77 and ½ Polish groshes and the Rix-Doller from 36. to 47 and ½ groshes the Rix-Doller worth in Poland 47 and ½ groshes is by account valued at 6 s. 4 d. sterling and here in England is worth but 4 s. 7 d. The Hungary Ducket 77. is worth by account in Poland 10 s. 4 d. and in England is worth but 7 s. 10 d. The Jacobus of England here currant for 22 s. in Poland 24 s. at the rate of 7 s. to 10 d. for the Hungary Ducket Now to turn the stream and riches raised by your Majesties Native Commodities into the natural Channel from whence it hath been a long time diverted may it please your Majesty to consider these Points following 1. Whether it be