Selected quad for the lemma: england_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
england_n	henry_n	james_n	scotland_n	2,715	5	8.3833	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12533	De republica Anglorum The maner of gouernement or policie of the realme of England, compiled by the honorable man Thomas Smyth, Doctor of the ciuil lawes, knight, and principall secretarie vnto the two most worthie princes, King Edwarde the sixt, and Queene Elizabeth. Seene and allowed.; Common-wealth of England	Smith, Thomas, Sir, 1513-1577.	1583 (1583)	STC 22857; ESTC S117628	79,409	124

dub_a of_o the_o prince_n knight_n or_o some_o such_o great_a occasion_n may_v be_v by_o the_o king_n compel_v to_o take_v that_o order_n &_o honour_n or_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_a which_z many_z not_o so_o desirous_a of_o honour_n as_o of_o riches_n have_v rather_o disburse_v some_o who_o for_o cause_n be_v not_o think_v worthy_a of_o y_fw-fr e_o honour_n and_o yet_o have_v ability_n neither_o be_v make_v knight_n though_o they_o will_v and_o yet_o pay_v the_o fine_a xl._n l._n sterling_a at_o that_o time_n when_o this_o order_n begin_v make_v now_o cxx._n l._n of_o currant_n money_n of_o england_n as_o i_o have_v more_o at_o large_a declare_v in_o my_o book_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o standard_n or_o the_o valour_n of_o money_n when_o the_o roman_n do_v write_v senatus_fw-la populusque_fw-la romanus_n they_o seem_v to_o make_v but_o two_o order_n that_o be_v of_o the_o senate_n and_o of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o so_o in_o the_o name_n of_o people_n they_o contain_v equites_fw-la and_o plebem_fw-la so_o when_o we_o in_o england_n do_v say_v the_o lord_n and_o the_o commons_o the_o knight_n esquire_n &_o other_o gentleman_n with_o citizen_n burgese_n &_o yeoman_n be_v account_v to_o make_v the_o commons_o in_o ordain_v of_o law_n the_o senate_n of_o lord_n of_o england_n be_v one_o house_n where_o the_o archishop_n and_o bishop_n also_o be_v and_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n for_o the_o time_n be_v as_o chief_a the_o knight_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentleman_n citizen_n and_o burgese_n which_o be_v admit_v to_o consult_v upon_o the_o great_a affair_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v in_o a_o other_o house_n by_o themselves_o and_o that_o be_v call_v the_o house_n of_o the_o commons_o as_o we_o shall_v more_o clear_o describe_v when_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o parliament_n whereupon_o this_o word_n knight_n be_v derive_v and_o whether_o it_o do_v betoken_v no_o more_o but_o that_o which_o mile_n do_v in_o latin_a which_o be_v a_o soldier_n may_v be_v move_v as_o a_o question_n the_o word_n soldier_n now_o seem_v rather_o to_o come_v of_o sell_v and_o payment_n and_o more_o to_o betoken_v a_o wage_v or_o hire_v man_n to_o fight_v than_o otherwise_o yet_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n call_v soldure_v in_o the_o tongue_n gallois_fw-fr man_n who_o devote_a &_o swear_v themselves_o in_o a_o certain_a band_n or_o oath_n one_o to_o another_o and_o to_o the_o captain_n which_o order_n if_o the_o almain_n do_v follow_v it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o who_o be_v not_o hire_v but_o be_v of_o the_o nation_n upon_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o for_o their_o advauncement_n and_o by_o such_o common_a oath_n or_o band_n that_o do_v follow_v the_o war_n speareman_n be_v possible_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v knight_n or_o milites_fw-la and_o now_o among_o the_o almain_n some_o be_v call_v lanceknight_n as_o soldier_n of_o their_o band_n not_o hire_v although_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n hireling_n or_o peradventure_o it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o which_o be_v next_o about_o the_o prince_n as_o his_o guard_n or_o servant_n pick_v or_o choose_v man_n out_o of_o the_o rest_n be_v call_v in_o the_o almain_n language_n knighten_v which_o be_v much_o to_o say_v as_o servant_n these_o man_n be_v find_v of_o good_a service_n the_o word_n afterward_o be_v take_v for_o a_o honour_n and_o for_o he_o who_o make_v profession_n of_o arm_n our_o language_n be_v so_o change_v that_o i_o dare_v make_v no_o judgement_n thereof_o now_o we_o call_v he_o knight_n in_o english_a that_o the_o french_a call_v chevalier_fw-fr knight_n and_o the_o lataine_n equitem_fw-la or_o equestris_fw-la ordinis_fw-la and_o when_o any_o man_n be_v make_v a_o knight_n he_o kneel_v down_o be_v strike_v of_o the_o prince_n with_o his_o sword_n naked_a upon_o the_o back_n or_o shoulder_n the_o prince_n say_v sus_fw-la or_o sois_fw-fr chivalier_n au_fw-fr nom_fw-fr de_fw-fr dieu_fw-fr and_o in_o time_n past_a they_o add_v s._n george_n and_o at_o his_o arise_v the_o prince_n say_v avauncèr_n this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n at_o this_o present_a and_o that_o term_v dubbing_z be_v the_o old_a term_n in_o this_o point_n and_o not_o creation_n at_o the_o coronation_n of_o a_o king_n or_o queen_n there_o be_v knight_n of_o the_o bath_n make_v with_o long_a and_o more_o curious_a ceremony_n but_o howsoever_o one_o by_o dub_v or_o make_v a_o knight_n his_o wife_n be_v by_o and_o by_o call_v a_o lady_n as_o well_o as_o a_o baron_n wife_n he_o himself_o be_v not_o call_v lord_n but_o have_v to_o his_o name_n in_o common_a appelation_n add_v this_o syllable_n sir_n as_o if_o he_o before_o be_v name_v thomas_n william_n john_n or_o richard_n afterward_o he_o be_v always_o call_v sir_n thomas_n sir_n william_n senior_fw-la sir_n john_n sir_n richard_n and_o that_o be_v the_o title_n which_o man_n give_v to_o knight_n in_o england_n this_o may_v suffice_v at_o this_o time_n to_o declare_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o other_o order_n of_o knight_n in_o england_n which_o be_v call_v the_o knight_n of_o the_o garter_n king_n edward_n the_o three_o after_o he_o have_v obtain_v many_o notable_a victory_n king_n john_n of_o france_n king_n james_n of_o scotland_n be_v both_o prisoner_n in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n at_o one_o time_n and_o king_n henry_n of_o castell_n the_o bastard_n expulse_v out_o of_o his_o realm_n and_o don_n petro_n restore_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o duke_n of_o aquitaine_n call_v the_o black_a prince_n invent_v a_o society_n of_o honour_n and_o make_v a_o choice_n out_o of_o his_o own_o realm_n and_o dominion_n and_o all_o christendom_n and_o the_o best_a and_o most_o excellent_a renown_a person_n in_o virtue_n and_o honour_n he_o do_v adorn_v with_o that_o title_n to_o be_v knight_n of_o his_o order_n give_v they_o a_o garter_n deck_v with_o gold_n pearl_n and_o precious_a stone_n with_o the_o buckle_v of_o gold_n to_o wear_v daily_o on_o the_o left_a leg_n only_o a_o kirtle_n gown_n cloak_n chaperon_o collar_n and_o other_o august_n and_o magnifical_a apparel_n both_o of_o stuff_n and_o fashion_n exquisite_a &_o heroical_a to_o wear_v at_o high_a feast_n as_o to_o so_o high_a and_o princely_a a_o order_n be_v meet_v of_o which_o order_n he_o and_o his_o succesor_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o england_n to_o be_v the_o sovereign_a and_o the_o rest_n by_o certain_a statute_n and_o law_n among_o themselves_o be_v take_v as_o brethren_n and_o fellow_n in_o that_o order_n to_o the_o number_n of_o xxvi_o but_o because_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o ornament_n of_o the_o realm_n than_o any_o policy_n or_o government_n thereof_o i_o leave_v to_o speak_v any_o further_a of_o it_o of_o esquier_n chap._n 19_o escuy_a or_o esquire_n which_o we_o call_v common_o squire_n be_v a_o french_a word_n and_o betoken_v scutigerum_fw-la or_o armigerum_fw-la and_o be_v all_o those_o which_o bear_v arm_n as_o we_o call_v they_o or_o armoury_n as_o they_o term_v they_o in_o french_a which_o to_o bear_v be_v a_o testimony_n of_o the_o nobility_n or_o race_n from_o whence_o they_o do_v come_v these_o be_v take_v for_o no_o distinct_a order_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n but_o do_v go_v with_o the_o residue_n of_o the_o gentleman_n save_v that_o as_o i_o take_v it_o they_o be_v those_o who_o bear_v arm_n testimony_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o their_o race_n and_o therefore_o have_v neither_o creation_n nor_o dub_a or_o else_o they_o be_v at_o the_o first_o costerel_n or_o the_o bearer_n of_o the_o arm_n of_o lord_n or_o knight_n and_o by_o that_o have_v their_o name_n for_o a_o dignity_n and_o honour_n give_v to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o a_o common_a soldier_n call_v in_o latin_a gregarius_fw-la mile_n of_o gentleman_n chap._n 20._o gentleman_n be_v those_o who_o their_o blood_n and_o race_n do_v make_v noble_a and_o know_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o greek_a the_o lataine_n call_v they_o all_o nobiles_fw-la as_o the_o french_a noble_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o nobilitas_fw-la in_o latin_a be_v define_v honour_n or_o title_n give_v for_o that_o the_o ancestor_n have_v be_v notable_a in_o riches_n or_o virtue_n or_o in_o few_o word_n old_a riches_n or_o prowess_n remain_v in_o one_o stock_n which_o if_o the_o successor_n do_v keep_v and_o follow_v they_o be_v verè_fw-la nobiles_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o they_o do_v not_o yet_o the_o same_o and_o wealth_n of_o their_o ancestor_n serve_v to_o cover_v they_o so_o long_o as_o it_o can_v as_o a_o thing_n once_o gilt_v though_o it_o be_v copper_n within_o till_o the_o gilt_n be_v wear_v away_o this_o have_v his_o reason_n for_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o name_n

so_o the_o people_n be_v accustom_v to_o live_v in_o such_o a_o equality_n of_o justice_n &_o that_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o y_z e_z rich_a have_v no_o more_o advantage_n therein_o than_o the_o poor_a the_o process_n and_o proceed_n to_o the_o judgement_n be_v so_o short_a and_o judgement_n also_o be_v peremptory_a and_o without_o appellation_n yet_o to_o help_v for_o small_a matter_n where_o no_o great_a sum_n be_v in_o question_n there_o be_v other_o court_n in_o every_o shire_n from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n the_o sheriff_n for_o small_a thing_n not_o pass_v xl_o s._n and_o in_o certain_a hundred_o and_o liberty_n the_o bailiff_n likewise_o from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n hold_v plea._n and_o whosoever_o be_v possessioner_n and_o owner_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v hold_v from_o three_o week_n to_o three_o week_n or_o at_o his_o pleasure_n of_o his_o tennante_n and_o amongst_o his_o tennante_n a_o court_n call_v a_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o there_o his_o tennantes_n be_v swear_v make_v a_o jury_n which_o be_v not_o call_v the_o enquest_n but_o the_o homage_n these_o principal_o do_v inquire_v of_o the_o copy_n holder_n and_o other_o free_a holder_n that_n be_v dead_a since_o the_o last_o court_n and_o bring_v in_o their_o heir_n and_o next_o successor_n and_o likewise_o of_o incrochment_n or_o intrusion_n of_o any_o of_o the_o tennante_n against_o the_o lord_n or_o among_o themselves_o they_o make_v order_n and_o law_n amongst_o themselves_o the_o pain_n of_o they_o if_o they_o be_v after_o break_v come_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o any_o small_a matter_n be_v in_o controversy_n it_o be_v put_v to_o they_o and_o common_o they_o do_v end_v it_o but_o these_o court_n do_v serve_v rather_o for_o man_n that_o can_v be_v content_a to_o be_v order_v by_o their_o neighbour_n and_o which_o love_n their_o quiet_a and_o profit_n in_o their_o husbandry_n more_o than_o to_o be_v busy_a in_o the_o law_n for_o whether_o party_n soever_o will_v may_v procure_v a_o write_v out_o of_o the_o high_a court_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n to_o westminster_n in_o city_n and_o other_o great_a town_n there_o be_v diverse_a liberty_n to_o hold_v plea_n for_o a_o big_a sum_n which_o do_v determine_v aswell_o as_o the_o common_a law_n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o yet_o for_o they_o that_o will_v it_o may_v be_v remoove_v to_o westminster_n hall_n king_n henry_n the_o eight_o ordain_v first_o a_o precedent_n counsellor_n and_o judge_n one_o for_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n at_o ludlowe_n or_o else_o where_o a_o other_o for_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n at_o york_n where_o be_v many_o cause_n determine_v these_o two_o be_v as_o be_v parliament_n in_o france_n but_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v any_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n the_o party_n may_v move_v it_o at_o the_o first_o or_o remove_v it_o afterwards_o to_o westminster_n hall_n and_o to_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o to_o the_o chanceller_n as_o the_o matter_n be_v these_o two_o court_n do_v hear_v matter_n before_o they_o part_n after_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n and_o part_n after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o leete_n or_o law_n day_n chap._n 18._o leete_n or_o law_n day_n be_v not_o incident_a to_o every_o manor_n but_o to_o those_o only_o which_o by_o special_a grant_n or_o long_a prescription_n have_v such_o liberty_n this_o be_v as_o it_o may_v appear_v first_o a_o special_a trust_n and_o confidence_n and_o commission_n give_v to_o a_o few_o put_v in_o trust_n by_o the_o prince_n as_o be_v now_o to_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o see_v man_n swear_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o take_v pledge_n and_o surety_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o one_o for_o a_o other_o to_o answer_v for_o obedience_n and_o truth_n to_o inquire_v of_o privy_a conspiracy_n fray_n murder_n and_o bloudshedde_n and_o to_o this_o be_v add_v the_o oversight_n of_o bread_n and_o ale_n and_o other_o measure_n many_o time_n they_o that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o homage_n and_o court_n baron_n of_o that_o manor_n and_o lordship_n be_v nevertheless_o astrein_v and_o answerable_a to_o come_v to_o the_o léete_v this_o léete_v be_v ordinary_o keep_v but_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n and_o that_o at_o term_n and_o time_n prescribe_v the_o léete_v or_o law_n day_n be_v all_o one_o and_o betoken_v word_n for_o word_n legittimum_fw-la or_o iuridicum_fw-la diem_fw-la law_n the_o old_a saxon_n call_v lant_n or_o lag_v and_o so_o by_o corruption_n and_o change_v of_o language_n from_o lant_n to_o leete_n understand_v day_n they_o which_o keep_v our_o full_a english_a term_n call_v it_o yet_o law_n day_n of_o the_o proceed_n of_o cause_n criminal_a and_o first_o of_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n chap._n 19_o before_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o cause_n criminal_a can_v be_v well_o understand_v it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o speak_v of_o three_o person_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o coroner_n and_o the_o constable_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n be_v man_n elect_v out_o of_o the_o nobility_n high_a and_o low_o that_o be_v the_o duke_n marquess_n baron_n knight_n esquier_n and_o gentleman_n and_o of_o such_o as_o be_v learn_v in_o the_o law_n such_o and_o in_o such_o number_n as_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v meet_a and_o in_o who_o for_o wisdom_n and_o discretion_n he_o put_v his_o trust_n inhabitant_n within_o the_o county_n save_v that_o some_o of_o the_o high_a nobility_n and_o chief_a magistrate_n for_o honour_n sake_n be_v put_v in_o all_o or_o in_o the_o most_o of_o the_o commission_n of_o all_o the_o shire_n of_o england_n these_o have_v no_o time_n of_o their_o rule_n limit_v but_o by_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n alterable_a at_o pleasure_n at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v but_o iiij_o after_o viij_o now_o they_o come_v common_o to_o thirty_o or_o xl_o in_o every_o shire_n either_o by_o increase_n of_o riches_n learning_n or_o activity_n in_o policy_n and_o government_n so_o many_o more_o be_v find_v which_o have_v either_o will_n or_o power_n or_o both_o be_v not_o too_o many_a to_o handle_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n in_o this_o behalf_n of_o these_o in_o the_o same_o commission_n be_v certain_a name_v which_o be_v call_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la in_o who_o be_v especial_a trust_n repose_v that_o where_o the_o commission_n be_v give_v to_o xl_o or_o thirty_o and_o so_o at_o the_o last_o it_o come_v to_o iiij_o or_o three_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o performance_n of_o many_o affair_n to_o have_v likewise_o diverse_a of_o the_o quorum_fw-la the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v such_o quorum_fw-la vos_fw-la a_o b._n c_o d._n e_o f._n unum_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la the_o justice_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v those_o in_o who_o at_o this_o time_n for_o the_o repress_v of_o robber_n thief_n and_o vagabund_n of_o privy_a complot_n and_o conspiracy_n of_o riote_n and_o violence_n and_o all_o other_o misdemeanour_n in_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o prince_n put_v his_o special_a trust_n each_o of_o they_o have_v authority_n upon_o complaint_n to_o he_o make_v of_o any_o theft_n robbery_n manslaughter_n murder_n violence_n complote_v riotte_n unlawefull_a game_n or_o any_o such_o disturbance_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o quiet_a of_o the_o realm_n to_o commit_v the_o person_n who_o he_o suppose_v offender_n to_o the_o prison_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o constable_n or_o sheriff_n to_o bring_v they_o thither_o the_o gaoler_n to_o receive_v they_o and_o keep_v they_o till_o he_o and_o his_o fellow_n do_v meet_v a_o few_o line_n sign_v with_o his_o hand_n be_v enough_o for_o that_o purpose_n these_o do_v meet_v four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n that_o be_v in_o each_o quarter_n once_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o the_o misdemeanour_n aforesaid_a at_o which_o day_n the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o undersherife_n with_o his_o bailiff_n be_v there_o to_o attend_v upon_o he_o who_o must_v prepare_v against_o that_o time_n four_o enqueste_n of_o twenty-four_o yeoman_n a_o piece_n of_o diverse_a hundredes_o in_o the_o shire_n enquest_n and_o beside_o one_o which_o be_v call_v the_o great_a enquest_n out_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o shire_n mingle_v with_o all_o these_o five_o inquest_n be_v swear_v before_o they_o to_o inquire_v of_o all_o heretic_n traitor_n theft_n murder_n manslaughter_n rape_n false_a monier_n extortioner_n riotte_n rout_n forcible_a entry_n unlawefull_a game_n and_o all_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o peace_n and_o good_a order_n of_o the_o realm_n &_o to_o bring_v in_o their_o verdict_n if_o they_o among_o themselves_o upon_o their_o own_o knowledge_n do_v find_v any_o culpable_a they_o cause_v one_o of_o the_o clerk_n to_o make_v the_o bill_n and_o if_o any_o be_v there_o to_o complain_v upon_o any_o

be_v word_n formal_a and_o our_o man_n of_o law_n be_v very_o precise_a in_o their_o word_n formal_a if_o he_o say_v legit_fw-la the_o judge_n proceed_v no_o further_o to_o sentence_n of_o death_n if_o he_o say_v non_fw-fr the_o judge_n forthwith_o or_o the_o next_o day_n proceed_v to_o sentence_n which_o be_v do_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n only_o thou_o a._n have_v be_v indict_v of_o such_o a_o felony_n and_o thereof_o arraign_v thou_o have_v plead_v not_o guilty_a and_o put_v thyself_o upon_o god_n and_o thy_o country_n they_o have_v find_v thou_o guilty_a thou_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v for_o thyself_o the_o law_n be_v thou_o shall_v first_o return_v to_o the_o place_n from_o whence_o thou_o come_v from_o thence_o thou_o shall_v go_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n there_o thou_o shall_v hang_v till_o thou_o be_v dead_a then_o he_o say_v to_o the_o sheriff_n sheriff_n do_v execution_n he_o that_o claim_v his_o clergy_n be_v burn_v forthwith_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o the_o brawn_n of_o his_o hand_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n mark_v with_o the_o letter_n t._n for_o a_o thief_n or_o m._n for_o a_o mansleer_n in_o case_n where_o clergy_n be_v admit_v statute_n and_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o bishop_n officer_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o bishop_n prison_n from_o whence_o after_o a_o certain_a time_n by_o a_o other_o enquest_n of_o clerk_n he_o be_v deliver_v and_o let_v at_o large_a but_o if_o he_o be_v take_v and_o condemn_v the_o second_o time_n and_o his_o mark_n espy_v he_o go_v to_o hang_v he_o who_o the_o enquest_n pronounce_v not_o guilty_a be_v acquit_v forthwith_o and_o discharge_v of_o prison_n pay_v the_o gaoler_n fee_n and_o if_o he_o know_v any_o private_a man_n who_o purchase_v his_o indictment_n and_o be_v able_a to_o pursue_v it_o conspire_v he_o may_v have_v a_o action_n of_o conspiracy_n against_o he_o and_o a_o large_a amends_n but_o that_o case_n chance_v seldom_o certain_a order_n peculiar_a to_o england_n touch_v punishment_n of_o malefactor_n chap._n 24._o for_o any_o felony_n manslaughter_n robbery_n murder_n rape_n and_o such_o capital_a crime_n as_o touch_v not_o treason_n &_o laesam_fw-la maiestatem_fw-la we_o have_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n no_o other_o punishment_n but_o to_o hang_v till_o they_o be_v dead_a when_o they_o be_v dead_a every_o man_n may_v bury_v they_o that_o will_v as_o common_o they_o be_v head_v torment_a demembr_v either_o arm_n or_o leg_n break_v upon_o the_o wheel_n empacil_a &_o such_o cruel_a torment_n as_o be_v use_v in_o other_o nation_n by_o the_o order_n of_o their_o law_n we_o have_v not_o &_o yet_o as_o few_o murder_n commit_v as_o any_o where_o nor_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o judge_n or_o the_o justice_n power_n to_o aggravate_v or_o mitigate_v the_o punishment_n of_o the_o law_n but_o in_o the_o prince_n only_o and_o his_o privy_a counsel_n which_o be_v marvelous_a seldom_o do_v yet_o notable_a murderer_n many_o time_n by_o the_o prince_n commandment_n after_o they_o be_v hang_v with_o cord_n till_o they_o be_v dead_a be_v hang_v with_o chain_n while_o they_o rot_v in_o the_o air_n if_o the_o wife_n kill_v her_o husband_n she_o shall_v be_v burn_v alive_a if_o the_o servant_n kill_v his_o master_n he_o be_v draw_v on_o a_o hurdle_n to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n it_o be_v call_v petit_fw-la treason_n impoisoner_n quere_z if_o the_o person_n die_v thereof_o by_o a_o new_a law_n make_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o time_n be_v boil_a to_o death_n but_o this_o mischief_n be_v rare_a and_o almost_o unknowen_a in_o england_n attempt_v to_o impoison_v a_o man_n or_o lay_v await_v to_o kill_v a_o man_n though_o he_o wound_v he_o dangerous_o yet_o if_o death_n follow_v not_o be_v no_o felony_n by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o the_o prince_n have_v lose_v no_o man_n and_o life_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v we_o say_v but_o for_o life_n only_o and_o again_o when_o a_o man_n be_v murder_v all_o be_v principal_n and_o shall_v die_v even_o he_o that_o do_v but_o hold_v the_o candle_n to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o murderer_n for_o mitigation_n and_o moderation_n of_o pain_n be_v but_o corruption_n of_o judge_n as_o we_o think_v likewise_o torment_n or_o question_v which_o be_v use_v by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o other_o country_n to_o put_v a_o malefactor_n to_o excessive_a pain_n to_o make_v he_o confess_v of_o himself_o or_o of_o his_o fellow_n or_o complice_n be_v not_o use_v in_o england_n it_o be_v take_v for_o servile_a for_o what_o can_v he_o serve_v the_o common_a wealth_n after_o as_o a_o free_a man_n who_o have_v his_o body_n so_o hale_v and_o torment_v if_o he_o be_v not_o find_v guilty_a and_o what_o amends_n can_v be_v make_v he_o and_o if_o he_o must_v die_v what_o cruelty_n be_v it_o so_o to_o torment_v he_o before_o likewise_o confession_n by_o torment_n be_v esteem_v for_o nothing_o for_o if_o he_o confess_v at_o the_o judgement_n the_o trial_n of_o the_o xij_o go_v not_o upon_o he_o if_o he_o deny_v the_o fact_n that_o which_o he_o say_v before_o hinder_v he_o not_o the_o nature_n of_o english_a man_n be_v to_o neglect_v death_n to_o abide_v no_o torment_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v confess_v rather_o to_o have_v do_v any_o thing_n yea_o to_o have_v kill_v his_o own_o father_n than_o to_o suffer_v torment_n for_o death_n our_o nation_n do_v not_o so_o much_o estéem_v as_o a_o mean_a torment_n in_o no_o place_n shall_v you_o see_v malefactor_n go_v more_o constant_o more_o assure_o &_o with_o less_o lamentation_n to_o their_o death_n than_o in_o england_n again_o the_o people_n not_o accustom_v to_o see_v such_o cruel_a torment_n will_v pity_v the_o person_n torment_v and_o abhor_v the_o prince_n and_o the_o judge_n who_o shall_v bring_v in_o such_o cruelty_n among_o they_o and_o the_o xij_o man_n the_o rather_o absolve_v he_o there_o be_v a_o old_a law_n of_o england_n that_o if_o any_o gaoler_n shall_v put_v any_o prisoner_n be_v in_o his_o custody_n to_o any_o torment_n to_o the_o intent_n to_o make_v he_o a_o approver_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o accuser_n or_o index_n of_o his_o complice_n the_o gaoler_n shall_v die_v therefore_o as_o a_o fellow_n and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n to_o what_o purpose_n be_v it_o to_o use_v torment_n for_o whether_o the_o malefactor_n confess_v or_o no_o and_o whatsoever_o he_o say_v if_o the_o enquest_n of_o xij_o do_v find_v he_o guilty_a he_o die_v therefore_o without_o delay_n and_o the_o malefactor_n see_v there_o be_v no_o remedy_n and_o that_o they_o be_v his_o country_n man_n and_o such_o as_o he_o have_v himself_o agree_v unto_o it_o do_v find_v they_o worthy_a death_n yéelde_n for_o the_o most_o part_n unto_o it_o and_o do_v not_o repine_v but_o do_v accommodate_v himself_o to_o ask_v mercy_n of_o god_n the_o nature_n of_o our_o nation_n be_v free_a stout_a halt_v prodigal_a of_o life_n and_o blood_n but_o contumely_n beat_n servitude_n and_o servile_a torment_n &_o punishment_n it_o will_v not_o abide_v so_o in_o this_o nature_n and_o fashion_n our_o ancient_a prince_n and_o legislator_n have_v nourish_v they_o as_o to_o make_v they_o stout_a heart_a courageous_a and_o soldier_n not_o villain_n and_o slave_n and_o that_o be_v the_o scope_n almost_o of_o all_o our_o policy_n the_o xij_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v give_v their_o verdict_n be_v dismiss_v to_o go_v whither_o they_o will_v and_o have_v no_o manner_n commodity_n &_o profit_n of_o their_o labour_n and_o verdict_n but_o only_o do_v service_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o treason_n &_o the_o trial_n which_o be_v use_v for_o the_o high_a nobility_n and_o baron_n chap._n 25._o the_o same_o order_n touch_v trial_n by_o enquest_n of_o xij_o man_n be_v take_v in_o treason_n but_o the_o pain_n be_v more_o cruel_a first_o to_o be_v hang_v take_v down_o alive_a his_o bowel_n take_v out_o and_o burn_v before_o his_o face_n then_o to_o be_v behead_v and_o quarter_v and_o those_o set_v up_o in_o diverse_a place_n if_o any_o duke_n marques_z or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o baron_n or_o above_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n be_v appeach_v of_o treason_n or_o any_o other_o capital_a crime_n he_o be_v judge_v by_o his_o peer_n and_o equal_n that_o be_v the_o yeomanrie_n do_v not_o go_v upon_o he_o but_o a_o enquest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o parliament_n and_o they_o give_v their_o voice_n not_o one_o for_o all_o but_o each_o several_o as_o they_o do_v in_o parliament_n begin_v at_o the_o young_a lord_n england●_n and_o for_o judge_n one_o lord_n sit_v who_o be_v constable_n of_o england_n for_o that_o day_n the_o judgement_n once_o give_v he_o break_v his_o

two_o diverse_a guard_n many_o man_n do_v esteem_v this_o wardship_n by_o knight_n service_n very_o unreasonable_a and_o unjust_a and_o contrary_a to_o nature_n that_o a_o freeman_n and_o gentleman_n shall_v be_v buy_v and_o sell_v like_o a_o horse_n or_o a_o ox_n and_o so_o change_v guardian_n as_o master_n and_o lord_n at_o who_o government_n not_o only_o his_o body_n but_o his_o land_n and_o his_o house_n shall_v be_v to_o be_v waste_v and_o spend_v without_o account_n and_o then_o to_o marry_v at_o the_o will_n of_o he_o who_o be_v his_o natural_a lord_n or_o his_o will_n who_o have_v buy_v he_o to_o such_o as_o he_o like_v not_o peradventure_o or_o else_o to_o pay_v so_o great_a a_o ransom_n this_o be_v the_o occasion_n they_o say_v why_o many_o gentleman_n be_v so_o evil_a bring_v up_o touch_v virtue_n and_o learning_n and_o but_o only_o in_o deintinesse_n and_o pleasure_n and_o why_o they_o be_v marry_v very_o young_a and_o before_o they_o be_v wife_n and_o many_o time_n do_v not_o great_o love_v their_o wife_n for_o when_o the_o father_n be_v dead_a who_o have_v the_o natural_a care_n of_o his_o child_n not_o the_o mother_n nor_o the_o uncle_n nor_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n who_o by_o all_o reason_n will_v have_v most_o natural_a care_n to_o the_o bring_v up_o of_o the_o infant_n and_o minor_a but_o the_o lord_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v his_o land_n in_o knight_n service_n be_v it_o the_o king_n or_o queen_n duke_n marquesse_n or_o any_o other_o have_v the_o government_n of_o his_o body_n and_o marriage_n or_o else_o who_o that_o buy_v he_o at_o the_o first_o second_o or_o third_o hand_n the_o prince_n as_o have_v so_o many_o must_v needs_o give_v or_o sell_v his_o ward_n away_o to_o other_o and_o so_o he_o do_v other_o do_v but_o seek_v which_o way_n they_o may_v make_v most_o advantage_n of_o he_o as_o of_o a_o ox_n or_o other_o beast_n these_o all_o say_v they_o have_v no_o natural_a care_n of_o the_o infant_n but_o of_o their_o own_o gain_n and_o especial_o the_o buyer_n will_v not_o suffer_v his_o ward_n to_o take_v any_o great_a pain_n either_o in_o study_n or_o any_o other_o hardness_n lest_o he_o shall_v be_v sick_a and_o die_v before_o he_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n sister_n or_o cousin_n for_o who_o sake_n he_o buy_v he_o and_o then_o all_o his_o money_n which_o he_o pay_v for_o he_o shall_v be_v lose_v so_o he_o who_o have_v a_o father_n which_o keep_v a_o good_a house_n not_o and_o have_v all_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o maintain_v it_o shall_v come_v to_o his_o own_o after_o he_o be_v out_o of_o wardship_n wood_n decay_v house_n fall_v down_o stock_n waste_v and_o go_v land_n let_v forth_o and_o plough_v to_o the_o baren_a and_o to_o make_v amends_n shall_v pay_v yet_o one_o year_n rend_v for_o relief_n and_o sue_v ouster_n le_fw-fr maind_a beside_o other_o charge_n so_o that_o not_o of_o many_o year_n and_o peradventure_o never_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o recover_v and_o come_v to_o the_o estate_n where_o his_o father_n leave_v it_o this_o as_o it_o be_v think_v be_v first_o grant_v upon_o a_o great_a extremity_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o 3._o for_o a_o time_n upon_o the_o war_n which_o he_o have_v with_o his_o baron_n and_o afterward_o increase_v and_o multiply_v to_o more_o and_o more_o person_n and_o grievance_n and_o will_v be_v the_o decay_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o liberty_n of_o england_n other_o again_o say_v the_o ward_n have_v no_o wrong_n for_o either_o his_o father_n purchase_v the_o land_n or_o it_o do_v descend_v unto_o he_o from_o his_o ancestor_n with_o this_o charge_n and_o because_o he_o hold_v by_o knight_n service_n which_o be_v in_o arm_n and_o defence_n see_v that_o by_o age_n he_o can_v do_v that_o whereto_o he_o be_v bind_v by_o his_o land_n it_o be_v reason_n he_o answer_v that_o profit_n to_o the_o lord_n whereby_o he_o may_v have_v as_o able_a a_o man_n to_o do_v the_o service_n the_o first_o knight_n in_o rome_n those_o that_o be_v choose_v equites_fw-la romani_fw-la have_v equum_fw-la publicum_fw-la on_o which_o they_o serve_v and_o that_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o widow_n and_o ward_n as_o appear_v by_o titus_n livius_n because_o that_o those_o person_n can_v not_o do_v bodily_a service_n to_o the_o common_a wealth_n wherefore_o this_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n but_o think_v reasonable_a in_o that_o most_o wise_a common_a wealth_n and_o to_o the_o prudent_a king_n servius_n tullius_n as_o for_o the_o education_n of_o our_o common_a wealth_n it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o militaire_n and_o almost_o in_o all_o thing_n the_o scope_n and_o design_n thereof_o be_v militaire_n yet_o be_v it_o think_v most_o like_a that_o noble_a man_n good_a knight_n and_o great_a captain_n will_v bring_v up_o their_o ward_n in_o their_o own_o feat_n and_o virtue_n and_o then_o marry_v they_o into_o like_a race_n and_o stock_n where_o they_o may_v find_v and_o make_v friend_n who_o can_v better_v look_n to_o the_o education_n or_o better_a skill_n of_o of_o the_o bring_n up_o of_o a_o gentleman_n than_o he_o who_o for_o his_o high_a nobility_n have_v such_o a_o one_o to_o hold_v of_o he_o by_o knight_n service_n or_o will_v do_v it_o better_o than_o he_o that_o look_v or_o may_v claim_v such_o service_n of_o his_o ward_n when_o age_n and_o year_n will_v make_v he_o able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o which_o be_v say_v that_o this_o manner_n of_o wardship_n begin_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 3._o can_v seem_v true_a for_o in_o normandy_n and_o other_o place_n of_o france_n the_o same_o order_n be_v and_o that_o statute_n make_v in_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o time_n touch_v ward_n to_o he_o that_o will_v weigh_v it_o well_o may_v seem_v rather_o a_o qualification_n of_o that_o matter_n and_o a_o argument_n that_o the_o fashion_n of_o wardship_n be_v long_o before_o but_o of_o this_o matter_n a_o other_o time_n shall_v be_v more_o convenient_a to_o dispute_v this_o may_v suffice_v to_o declare_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o of_o wife_n and_o marriage_n chap._n 6._o the_o wife_n in_o england_n be_v as_o i_o say_v in_o potestate_fw-la maritorum_fw-la not_o that_o the_o husband_n have_v aquavitae_fw-la ac_fw-la necis_fw-la potestatem_fw-la as_o the_o roman_n have_v in_o the_o old_a time_n of_o their_o child_n for_o that_o be_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o law_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o but_o that_o whatsoever_o they_o have_v before_o marriage_n as_o soon_o as_o marriage_n be_v solemnish_v be_v their_o husband_n i_o mean_v of_o money_n plate_n ivelle_n cat-tail_n and_o general_o all_o moveable_n for_o as_o for_o land_n and_o heritage_n follow_v the_o succession_n and_o be_v order_v by_o the_o law_n as_o i_o shall_v say_v hereafter_o and_o what_o soever_o they_o get_v after_o marriage_n they_o get_v to_o their_o husband_n they_o neither_o can_v give_v nor_o sell_v any_o thing_n either_o of_o their_o husband_n or_o their_o own_o they_o no_o movable_a thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n constanti_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la but_o as_o peculium_fw-la serui_fw-la aut_fw-la filijfamilias_fw-la and_o yet_o in_o moveable_n at_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n she_o can_v claim_v nothing_o but_o according_a as_o he_o shall_v will_v by_o his_o testament_n no_o more_o than_o his_o son_n can_v all_o the_o rest_n be_v in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o executor_n if_o he_o die_v testate_a yet_o in_o london_n and_o other_o great_a city_n they_o have_v that_o law_n and_o custom_n that_o when_o a_o man_n die_v his_o good_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n one_o third_o be_v employ_v upon_o the_o burial_n and_o the_o bequeste_n which_o the_o testator_n make_v in_o his_o testament_n an_o other_o third_o part_n the_o wife_n have_v as_o her_o right_n and_o the_o third_o three_o part_n be_v the_o dew_n and_o right_n of_o his_o child_n equal_o to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o so_o that_o a_o man_n there_o can_v make_v testament_n but_o of_o one_o third_o of_o his_o good_n if_o he_o die_v interstate_n the_o funeral_n deduct_v the_o good_n be_v equal_o divide_v between_o the_o wife_n and_o the_o child_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n if_o a_o man_n die_v intestate_a the_o ordinary_a which_o be_v the_o bishop_n by_o common_a intendment_n sometime_o the_o archdeacon_n dean_n or_o prebendarie_n by_o previledge_n and_o prescription_n do_v commit_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o good_n to_o the_o widow_n or_o the_o child_n or_o next_o kinsman_n of_o the_o dead_a appoint_v out_o portion_n to_o such_o as_o natural_o it_o belong_v unto_o and_o the_o ordinary_a by_o common_a understanding_n have_v such_o gravity_n and_o discretion_n as_o be_v meet_a for_o so_o absolute_a a_o authority_n